tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
National survey of hospital patients
Authors: S. Bruster, B. Jarman, N. Bosanquet, D. Weston, R. Erens, T. L Delbanco
Journal: BMJ (1994)

To survey patients' opinions of their experiences in hospital in order to produce data that can help managers and doctors to identify and solve problems.Random sample of 36 NHS hospitals, stratified by size of hospital (number of beds), area (north, midlands, south east, south west), and type of hospital (teaching or non-teaching, trust or directly managed). From each hospital a random sample of, on average, 143 patients was interviewed at home or the place of discharge two to four weeks after discharge by means of a structured questionnaire about their treatment in hospital.5150 randomly chosen NHS patients recently discharged from acute hospitals in England. Subjects had been patients on medical and surgical wards apart from paediatric, maternity, psychiatric, and geriatric wards.Patients' responses to direct questions about preadmission procedures, admission, communication with staff, physical care, tests and operations, help from staff, pain management, and discharge planning. Patients' responses to general questions about their degree of satisfaction in hospitals.Problems were reported by patients, particularly with regard to communication with staff (56% (2824/5020) had not been given written or printed information); pain management (33% (1042/3162) of those suffering pain were in pain all or most of the time); and discharge planning (70% (3599/5124) had not been told about warning signs and 62% (3177/5119) had not been told when to resume normal activities). Hospitals failed to reach the standards of the Patient's Charter--for example, in explaining the treatment proposed and giving patients the option of not taking part in student training. Answers to questions about patient satisfaction were, however, highly positive but of little use to managers.This survey has highlighted several problems with treatment in NHS hospitals. Asking patients direct questions about what happened rather than how satisfied they were with treatment can elucidate the problems that exist and so enable them to be solved.
Drugs of Choice for the Emotionally Ill Office Patient
Authors: Jackson A. Smith
Journal: JAMA (1965)

Choosing the most desirable drug for the outpatient with emotional problems is made difficult by the vagueness of psychiatric terminology and the diffuse nature of the symptoms for which psychoactive drugs are recommended. These difficulties are further enhanced by the various forms in which the same product is available. However, the drug of choice is a most pertinent compound with the fewest side effects; the phenothiazine derivatives are effective and safe for use in the emotionally disturbed patient.
Diagnostic Performance of Multidetector Computed Tomography for Suspected Acute Appendicitis
Authors: Perry J. Pickhardt, Edward M. Lawrence, B. Dustin Pooler, Richard J. Bruce
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2011)

Use of preoperative computed tomography for suspected acute appendicitis has dramatically increased since the introduction of multidetector CT (MDCT) scanners.To evaluate the diagnostic performance of MDCT for suspected acute appendicitis in adults.Analysis of MDCT findings and clinical outcomes of consecutive adults referred for MDCT for suspected appendicitis from January 2000 to December 2009.Single academic medical center in the United States.2871 adults.Interpretation of nonfocused abdominopelvic MDCT scans by radiologists who were aware of the study indication. Posttest assessment of diagnostic performance of MDCT for acute appendicitis, according to the reference standard of final combined clinical, surgical, and pathology findings.675 of 2871 patients (23.5%) had confirmed acute appendicitis. The sensitivity, specificity, and negative and positive predictive values of MDCT were 98.5% (95% CI, 97.3% to 99.2%) (665 of 675 patients), 98.0% (CI, 97.4% to 98.6%) (2153 of 2196 patients), 99.5% (CI, 99.2% to 99.8%) (2153 of 2163 patients), and 93.9% (CI, 91.9% to 95.5%) (665 of 708 patients), respectively. Positive and negative likelihood ratios were 51.3 (CI, 38.1 to 69.0) and 0.015 (CI, 0.008 to 0.028), respectively. The overall rate of negative findings at appendectomy was 7.5% (CI, 5.8% to 9.7%) (54 of 716 patients), but would have decreased to 4.1% (28 of 690 patients) had surgery been avoided in 26 cases with true-negative findings on MDCT. The overall perforation rate was 17.8% (120 of 675 patients) but progressively decreased from 28.9% in 2000 to 11.5% in 2009. Multidetector computed tomography provided or suggested an alternative diagnosis in 893 of 2122 patients (42.1%) without appendicitis or appendectomy.Possible referral bias, because some patients whose appendicitis was difficult to diagnose on clinical grounds may not have been referred for MDCT for evaluation of suspected appendicitis.Multidetector computed tomography is a useful test for routine evaluation of suspected appendicitis in adults.None.
A simple technique for fat biopsy of PBB-exposed individuals.
Authors: S M Daum, J Knittle, K Roseman, W N Rom, E C Holstein
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1978)

A simple nonsurgical technique of obtaining fat samples by aspiration from the gluteal prominence was developed by Hirsh in 1960 and has been in use in our Nutrition Clinic at the Mount Sinai Hospital for several years. We have modified it for field use and the analysis of fat-soluble hydrocarbon residues. All the materials which will contain the fat sample to be analyzed are washed with acetone and pesticide residue-free hexane, and a 15 gauge needle and 33 cc syringe are sterilized. Aspiration of fat from the lateral gluteal prominence is accomplished under local xylocaine anesthetic. The anesthetic also serves as the vehicle into which the fat is broken by the shearing action of the 15 gauge needle. Fat particles are sucked into the syringe by a constant vacuum kept on the syringe during lateral movement of the needle under (and parallel to) the skin within the gluteal fat pad; 200--500 ml of fat can be obtained for hydrocarbon residue analysis. The only complications have been some mild hematomas at the site of the aspiration. The method avoids surgical biopsy and sutures and takes about 7--8 min.
Hepatitis B Prophylaxis in Dental Professionals
Authors: Calvin E. Oyer
Journal: JAMA (1986)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The report of an outbreak of hepatitis B (HB) transmitted by a dentist<sup>1</sup>was of much interest and was informative in emphasizing one of the methods of spread of a serious illness. In the last paragraph of the article, however, the authors concluded that this tragic outbreak "should reinforce recommendations to administer HB vaccine to dental professionals early in their careers" and implied that earlier vaccination of the dentist in question would have prevented this tragedy. While the dentist was a carrier of HB virus (as indicated by his positivity to hepatitis B surface antigen [HBsAg] and hepatitis B e antigen persisting for at least one year), the conclusion that earlier vaccination would have prevented this state cannot be supported. It has been demonstrated<sup>2</sup>that administration of vaccine to HBsAg carriers does no harm but fails to eliminate the persistent positivity to HBsAg. Administration of
Twenty four hour manometric recording of colonic motor activity in healthy man.
Authors: F Narducci, G Bassotti, M Gaburri, A Morelli
Journal: Gut (1987)

The motor activity of the transverse, descending, and sigmoid colon was recorded for 24 hours in 14 healthy volunteers with a colonoscope positioned catheter. During the study the patients ate two 1000 kcal mixed meals and one continental breakfast. Colonic motor activity was low before meals and minimal during sleep; the motility index increased significantly after meals and at morning awakening. Most of the motor activity was represented by low amplitude contractions present singly or in bursts, which showed no recognisable pattern. All but two subjects also showed isolated high amplitude (up to 200 mmHg) contractions that propagated peristaltically over long distances at approximately 1 cm/sec. Most of these contractions occurred after morning awakening, and some in the late postprandial period, with a mean of 4.4/subject/24 h. The peristaltic contractions were often felt as an urge to defecate or preceded defecation, and could represent the manometric equivalent of the mass movements.
Healing Traditions: Alternative Medicine and the Health Professions
Authors: Walter Wardwell
Journal: JAMA (1995)

This book presents a very strong argument that medical clinicians must become more aware of their "medicocentric" bias and learn to accord patients more authority in decisions affecting their treatment. Using the phrase "vernacular health systems" to encompass everything from folk and popular health practices to homeopathy, chiropractic, visualization, and New Age healing, O'Connor documents the extent to which even well-educated, middle-class professionals often reject the perspective presented to them by medical experts. The problem is even greater when obvious cultural differences impede communication and understanding between physician and patient, as in Third World societies where patients' values and expectations regarding health and illness differ greatly from those of practitioners and in cases in which ethnic and social class differences require some adjustments in doctor-patient relationships. But O'Connor goes farther than this and insists that patients always and inevitably put their own interpretation on their own health problems and that
The A to Z of authorship: analysis of influence of initial letter of surname on order of authorship
Authors: R. Chambers, E. Boath, S. Chambers
Journal: BMJ (2001)

The initial letter of a surname is commonly used to distinguish an individual from a cohort of people, from school to academic level. Having a surname with an initial letter towards the end of the alphabet is regarded by some as a disadvantage; Larry Adler's grandfather, born Zelakovitch, changed his surname “after growing tired of being at the end of every queue.”1

An ongoing debate concerns the value of authorship that does not “make clear who has contributed what to the published study, nor … clarify who is responsible for the overall content.”2 Some journals, for example the Lancet , require and publish authors' specified contributions. 3 4 The BMJ is not prescriptive, accepts both approaches, …
In Unstable Angina or Non–ST-Segment Acute Coronary Syndrome, Should Patients With Multivessel Coronary Artery Disease Undergo Multivessel or Culprit-Only Stenting?
Authors: Mehdi H. Shishehbor, Michael S. Lauer, Inder M. Singh, Derek P. Chew, Juhana Karha, Sorin J. Brener, David J. Moliterno, Stephen G. Ellis, Eric J. Topol, Deepak L. Bhatt
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2007)
Severe Hypoglycemia in Diabetic Patients: Frequency, Causes, Prevention
Authors: Anton F Casparie, Lammy D Elving
Journal: Diabetes Care (1985)

Over a 12-mo period, the frequency of severe hypoglycemic episodes was measured in a population of approximately 400 (50% type I) diabetic patients treated with insulin. There were 32 severe insulin reactions in 26 patients, a patient-yr incidence of 8%. The major precipitating causes were patients' errors (nine), and too much insulin or a wrong combination (six). In seven cases no cause could be found. For the group as a whole there was clear evidence of overtreatment as measured by insulin doses (0.89 +/- 0.43 U/kg/day versus 0.65 +/- 0.34 U/kg/day in a convenience group of 100 patients from the same diabetic population [P less than 0.05] ). Furthermore, 6-12 mo after the event the mean insulin dose had decreased from 0.82 +/- 0.25 to 0.69 +/- 0.27 U/kg/day in the subgroup of 20 hypoglycemic patients that could be followed (P less than 0.001). The mean HbAlc levels of the hypoglycemic group and the control group differed significantly (8.1 +/- 1.3% versus 8.7 +/- 1.7%, P less than 0.05). Six to 12 mo after the reaction, the mean HbAlc level in the follow-up subgroup rose from 8.1 +/- 1.3% to 9.1 +/- 1.1% (P less than 0.05). Patients' errors as a cause of the insulin reaction were not only the result of the patients' deficient knowledge but more often of lack of alertness and carelessness. We conclude that it is not possible to prevent all the severe hypoglycemic reactions in diabetic patients. However, besides avoiding overtreatment by the physician, teaching patients to respond more adequately to changing circumstances in daily life or to warning signs could also reduce the incidence of hypoglycemia.
Palmaz-Schatz stenting for treatment of focal vein graft stenosis: Immediate results and long-term outcome
Authors: Robert N. Piana, Mauro Moscucci, David J. Cohen, Aaron D. Kugelmass, Cynthia Senerchia, Richard E. Kuntz, Donald S. Baim, Joseph P. Carrozza
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1994)

Objectives. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of Palmaz-Schatz stenting for the treatment of saphenous vein graft stenoses. Background. Failure of saphenous vein grafts is a common cause of recurrent ischemia after coronary bypass surgery. A second bypass surgery carries more risk than the initial procedure, and balloon angioplasty of vein grafts has yielded disappointing results. It has been hoped that starting might offer a better treatment option. Methods. We examined the results of stent placement in 200 saphenous bypass graft lesions consecutively treated with either coronary (n = 146) or biliary (n = 54) Palmaz-Schatz stents. Immediate outcome and clinical follow-up (median 15.5 months) were examined in all patients. To document angiographic outcome, a second angiography was performed at 3 to 6 months for the first 120 consecutively stented lesions and was successfully obtained for 94 (78%). Results. The mean graft age (±SD) was 8.7 ± 4 years. Stent placement was successful in 197 (98.5%) of 200 lesions, reducing the mean diameter stenosis from 74 ± 14% to 1 ± 15%. In 164 procedures, there was one in-hospital death (0.6%), no emergency bypass operations and no Q wave myocardial infarctions. There was one acute stent thrombosis (0.6%) but no subacute thromboses. Vascular repair was required after 14 procedures (8.5%), with transfusion in 23 additional cases (14%). Angiographic restenosta (diameter stenosis ≥ 50%) at 3- to 6-month follow-up was 17% (95% confidence interval 9% to 25%). By Kapian-Meier estimates, however, the 2-year second revascularization rate was 49%, refecting the predominant revascularization performed to treat progressive disease at other sites because failure at the stented site occurred in only 22% of lesions. Conclusions. Stenting resulted in exellent immediate and long-term angiographic resuls in this group of focally diseased, older saphenous vein grafts. Despite the high immediate success and very low (17%) angiographic restenesis rate at 6 months, approximately one half of these patients required farther revascularization in the following 2 years, mainly because of disease progression at other sites.
Successful rapid rituximab desensitization in an adolescent patient with nephrotic syndrome: Increase in number of Treg cells after desensitization
Authors: Metin Aydogan, Nail Yologlu, Gulcin Gacar, Zeynep Seda Uyan, Isil Eser, Erdal Karaoz
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2013)
Survival Following Stroke
Authors: Frank A. Howard, Phin Cohen, Roger B. Hickler, Simeon Locke, Thomas Newcomb, H. Richard Tyler
Journal: JAMA (1963)

In this 3-yr follow-up study of 100 adult patients with nonhemorrhagic strokes ("cerebral thrombosis"), mortality was found to be almost linearly related to age. Despite an identical age distribution, the normotensive group (systolic BP below 140 mm Hg) had a mortality of 30%, while those with higher BP had approximately a 50% mortality rate during the same period. Complicating diseases strikingly increased mortality. In 70 patients seen by two neurologists, and in 30 patients seen by them and by a study team, the role of anticoagulants was evaluated. The study was controlled and evaluation was doubleblind. No benefit from anticoagulant therapy was noted in either group. The contraindications to and difficulties with this therapy were formidable. It was concluded that use of anticoagulant therapy is not indicated in the majority of patients with cerebral thrombosis.
Selection of Patients for Artificial and Transplanted Organs
Authors: HARRY S. ABRAM
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1968)

This study examines the critical ethical and legal dilemmas of patient selection that medical progress in artificial and transplanted organs is producing. We approach the problem by giving critical evaluations of the selection procedures in the allied fields of abortion, euthanasia, and artificial insemination. After citing the crucial differences in these fields, the criteria for selection of patients for chronic hemodialysis is examined. Selection criteria from 11 of 14 dialysis centers supported by the U. S. Public Health Service are presented and examined. Finally, the authors conclude with the following guidelines for insuring an enlightened policy of patient selection for artificial and transplanted organs: A committee of physicians aided by qualified laymen should do the selecting from criteria that is essentially medical, psychological, and environmental. Medical curricula should increase preparation in the humanities and ethics so that physicians will be better qualified to handle the variety of responsibilities medical progress is creating.
ACNEIFORM ERUPTION FROM TETRACYCLINE
Authors: SAMUEL F. BEAN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1971)

Journal Article ACNEIFORM ERUPTION FROM TETRACYCLINE Get access SAMUEL F. BEAN SAMUEL F. BEAN Department of Dermatology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, U.S.A Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 85, Issue 6, 1 December 1971, Pages 585–586, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1971.tb14088.x Published: 01 December 1971 Article history Accepted: 20 July 1971 Published: 01 December 1971
Alkaline phosphatase in auxiliary liver transplantation
Authors: J. Jersky
Journal: Gut (1974)

Auxiliary liver allografts were inserted into baboons and allowed to undergo rejection. The incorporation of (14)C leucine into alkaline phosphatase was measured in both host and donor livers with the aid of an anti-alkaline phosphatase antibody. The results indicate that the increased serum alkaline phosphatase levels found under these circumstances are due to increased synthesis of the enzyme by both livers. Furthermore, it was shown that in the absence of biliary obstruction, this enhanced production of alkaline phosphatase is accompanied by an increase in the excretion of the enzyme into bile. It is suggested that the stimulus for the enhanced production of alkaline phosphatase is a substance which is normally produced in the liver and excreted into the bile.
Relapsing Nodular Lesions in the Course of Adult Pulmonary Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis
Authors: ABDELLATIF TAZI, LAURENCE MONTCELLY, ANNE BERGERON, DOMINIQUE VALEYRE, JEAN-PAUL BATTESTI, ALLEN J. HANCE
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1998)

In most patients with pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH), clinical and radiological abnormalities initially either stabilize or regress, often without treatment. Little information is available, however, concerning the subsequent evolution of disease in patients who initially follow a benign course. We describe four patients with biopsy-confirmed pulmonary LCH whose initial course was characterized by regression of parenchymal nodular lesions, but who subsequently developed one or more episodes of active disease 7 mo to 7.5 yr after their initial presentation. In each case, the subsequent episodes of active disease were characterized by the reappearance or marked increase in nodular radiographic abnormalities, whose presence was confirmed by high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT). Thus, initial regression of nodular lesions in pulmonary LCH does not preclude the reappearance of one or more episodes of active disease, and may have important consequences on the long-term prognosis of these patients.
Abstract 3308: A-kinase anchoring protein 2 is required for calcitonin receptor-stimulated invasion of prostate cancer cells
Authors: Ahmed Aljameeli, Arvind Thakkar, Shibu Thomas, Girish V. Shah
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Expression of neuropeptide calcitonin (CT) and its receptor (CTR) is frequently elevated in prostate cancers (PCs) and activation of CT-CTR axis in non-invasive PC cells induces an invasive phenotype. CTR-stimulated invasion of prostate cancer cells, which is abolished by specific, cell-permeable inhibitors of protein kinase A. Since PKA is ubiquitously distributed in cells, present study examined the mechanism(s) by which CTR-stimulated PKA activity is regulated in time and space. CT reduced cell adhesion but increased invasion of prostate cancer cells, both actions were abolished by AKAP St-Ht31 inhibitor peptide suggesting the involvement of an AKAP in CT action. Next, we identified the AKAP associated with CT action by subtraction of AKAP candidates using siRNAs. Knock-down of AKAP2, but not other AKAPs, abolished CT stimulated invasion. AKAP2 was localized to the plasma membrane. Stable knock-down of AKAP2 in PC3-CTR cells remarkably decreased cell proliferation, invasion, clonogenicity and their ability to form orthotopic tumors and distant metastases in nude mice. Reexpression of AKAP2-wt restored these characteristics. Primary prostate cancer specimens displayed remarkable up-regulation of CTR/AKAP2 expression as compared to benign prostates. Metastatic cancers displayed significantly higher CTR/AKAP2 expression than localized cancers. These results for the first time demonstrate that AKAP2 is expressed in human prostates, its expression is elevated in metastatic prostate cancer, and the knock-down of its expression remarkably decreased tumorigenicity and metastatic ability of prostate cancer cells. AKAP2 may serve as a critical component of CTR-mediated oncogenic actions. Citation Format: Ahmed Aljameeli, Arvind Thakkar, Shibu Thomas, Girish V. Shah. A-kinase anchoring protein 2 is required for calcitonin receptor-stimulated invasion of prostate cancer cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 3308. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-3308
Predictive Value of Optical Coherence Tomography in Graft Attachment after Descemet's Membrane Endothelial Keratoplasty
Authors: Ru-Yin Yeh, Ruth Quilendrino, Fayyaz U. Musa, Vasilios S. Liarakos, Isabel Dapena, Gerrit R.J. Melles
Journal: Ophthalmology (2012)
An Epidemic of Coccidioidomycosis Probably Related to Soil
Authors: Bernard Joffe
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1960)

DISCUSSING the incidence of coccidioidomycosis, Smith et al.1 stated that "for lifetime residents of an endemic area it is immaterial whether infections occur at a rate of 25 per cent or 8 per cent per year." Using modern means of transportation, however, the American population has become increasingly mobile. Each year more people move to, from and through areas endemic for coccidioidomycosis. The magnitude of this population shift may be seen from cases of serologically proved coccidioidomycosis catalogued at Walter Reed Army Institute of Research between 1951 and 1958. Of 337 serums with evidence of active coccidioidal infection, 60 per . . .
Prospective Study on Circulating MicroRNAs and Risk of Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Anna Zampetaki, Peter Willeit, Lindsey Tilling, Ignat Drozdov, Marianna Prokopi, Jean-Marie Renard, Agnes Mayr, Siegfried Weger, Georg Schett, Ajay Shah, Chantal M. Boulanger, Johann Willeit, Philip J. Chowienczyk, Stefan Kiechl, Manuel Mayr
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)