tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Data on Autism Prevalence, Trajectories Illuminate Socioeconomic Disparities
Authors: Bridget M. Kuehn
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Infrequency of Unsuspected Endometrial Tuberculosis
Authors: S. Leon Israel, Harry B. Roitman, Carl Clancy
Journal: JAMA (1963)

TUBERCULOSIS of the female genital organs is encountered far less frequently in the United States than in some other countries. This difference is reflected by the reported studies that involved actual searching for unsuspected endometrial tuberculosis. The woman who harbors such an occult tuberculous infection must be sought, for she is not ill, the diagnosis being eventually established by histologic or bacteriologic study of the endometrium. The past history is rarely indicative of prior tuberculosis; even "pleurisy" is misleading.<sup>1</sup> <h3>Incidence</h3> The incidence of such quiescent endometrial disease as reported abroad stands in contrast to that of this country. The difference is especially evident among women who are sterile. Sutherland<sup>2</sup>found the incidence of unsuspected endometrial tuberculosis to be slightly more than 1% by histologic examination during a 7-year period at the Royal Samaritan Hospital for Women in Glasgow, Scotland; this represented 73 positive specimens of a total of
the shore of Petén Itza
Authors: Michael Weddle
Journal: JAMA (1987)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Hospital antibiotic policy in a health district.
Authors: R W Lacey
Journal: BMJ (1979)

A hospital antibiotic policy is described in which only a few antibiotics were used over a two-year period. Six antibiotics--namely, ampicillin, cloxacillin, cephradine, penicillin, erythromycin, and oxytetracycline--accounted for 98% of the antibiotics consumed. Gentamicin was not used topically. Apart from high levels of resistance to ampicillin in Staphylococcus aureus (80%), the Enterobacteriaceae (37%), and Bacteroides (83%), antibiotic resistance was not a problem and no major epidemics of cross-infection occurred. With this policy antibiotic consumption declined and the total true cost of the antibiotics fell from 16 361 pounds in 1976 to 10 448 pounds in 1978.
Effect of Fetal Monitoring on Neonatal Death Rates
Authors: Raymond R Neutra, Stephen E. Fienberg, Sander Greenland, Emanuel A. Friedman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1978)

We analyzed data from 15,846 live-born infants to assess the effect of electronic fetal monitoring on neonatal death rates. The crude neonatal death rate was 1.7 times higher in unmonitored infants than in those monitored. Adjusting for inherent risk and changes in mortality rates and monitoring rates during the years of the study lowered the relative risk to 1.4 (95 per cent confidence interval, 0.85 to 2.45). The estimated yield from monitoring decreased as the inherent risk of the baby declined. Thus, in the highest-risk group 109 lives might be saved for every thousand babies monitored. In the lowest risk group (babies at term with no risk factors) the neonatal death rate is around one per thousand. The absolute benefit for this large group could therefore not exceed one life saved for every thousand babies monitored.
Abstract 4813: The increased risk of colon cancer due to cigarette smoking may be greater in women than men.
Authors: Ranjan Parajuli, Eivind Bjerkaas, Aage Tverdal, Randi Selmer, Loic Le Marchand, Elisabete Weiderpass, Inger Torhild Gram
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Background: The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) has recently established cigarette smoking as a risk factor for colon cancer. Norway has one of the highest incidence rates of colon cancer in the world especially among women. We examined the association between different measures of smoking exposure and colon cancer by gender in a large Norwegian cohort. Methods: We followed 602,242 participants aged 19-67 years at enrollment who completed a questionnaire in 1972-2003, by linkage to national registries through December 2007. We used Cox proportional hazard regression models to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) adjusting for age, body mass index, physical activity and education. Results: During a mean follow-up time of 14 years, 2,152 men and 1,846 women developed colon cancer. Women ever smokers had a 19% increased risk (HR=1.19, 95% CI=1.09-1.32) and men ever smokers had an 8% increased risk (HR=1.08, 95% CI=0.97-1.19) compared with never smokers. The association was more consistent for proximal than distal colon cancer among women ever smokers. The dose-response association between latency, number of years smoked, number of cigarettes per/day, number of pack-years and colon cancer risk among women was stronger than in men. Test for heterogeneity of the smoking effect between men and women was significant among ever smokers only for proximal colon cancer (Wald p=0.02). Conclusions: The results provide further evidence that smoking plays a role in the etiology of colon cancer. Female smokers may be more susceptible to proximal colon cancer than male smokers. Citation Format: Ranjan Parajuli, Eivind Bjerkaas, Aage Tverdal, Randi Selmer, Loic Le Marchand, Elisabete Weiderpass, Inger Torhild Gram. The increased risk of colon cancer due to cigarette smoking may be greater in women than men. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4813. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-4813
Defining and Improving Survival Rates From Cardiac Arrest in US Communities
Authors: Mickey S. Eisenberg
Journal: JAMA (2009)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Frequency of Sickling Disorders in U.S. Blacks
Authors: Arno G. Motulsky
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1973)

THERE has been considerable recent interest in screening for sickling disorders and related hemoglobinopathies. It is recognized that the sickle-cell trait and the hemoglobin C trait are common among blacks in the United States (Table 1).1 β-thalassemia also occurs in this population (Table 1)1 but will not be discovered in many routine screening programs since detection requires special technics. Hereditary persistence of fetal hemoglobin is relatively uncommon (Table 1).1 The sickle-cell trait is very rarely associated with symptoms, and hemoglobin C trait is never clinically symptomatic. Counseling programs and screening programs will largely need to deal with healthy carriers of . . .
Managing Difficult Patients.
Authors: William A. Steiger
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1965)

s1 May 1965Managing Difficult Patients.William A. Steiger III, M.D., F.A.C.P.William A. Steiger III, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-62-5-1083_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptPatients who are hostile, too aggressive, too dependent, uncooperative, hysterical, suspicious, and so on can be difficult and frustrating to the physician. All of us erect some defenses against the person of the patient, especially the hostile patient. These defenses can be categorized as mechanical, rational, and conceptual. An explanation of these defenses will be given in order that they be made explicit. This aids the physician in understanding better his own behavior and to see more clearly his role in the difficult doctor-patient relationship. The philosophical background of these defenses and our current framework of reference in medical science... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Philadelphia, Pennsylvania PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1965Volume 62, Issue 5Page: 1083-1083KeywordsBehavior ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 May 1965 PDF downloadLoading ...
New Concepts in Cancer Control--Preventable and Avoidable Cancer
Authors: D. A. Wood
Journal: CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians (1970)

All too often in recent years we have overlooked the possibility that many types of cancerâ€"as in the instance of communicable diseasesâ€"may be pre vented or avoided before we are able to solve the complexities of their induc tion and pathogenesis.As was so aptly stated by Boyland in 1967, â€oe¿ Cancer prevention is better than cure.â€•However, it is important to re alize that â€oe¿ even if the causes of can cer were miraculously removed. . .can cer would still be occurring 50 years from now, owing to the long latent period between the stimulus and occur rence of the disease.â€•1One new concept to be stressed now is that prevention can be applied to many more types of cancer and to a much larger number of potential can cer victims than is at present being done.If, in fact, at least 85 percent of human cancer is attributable to car cinogens, the siren challenge is the prospect that human cancer in large part may be eradicated by the more precise identification of environmental carcinogens and their elimination, and that this might be achieved before the
Problems Identified by Secondary Review of Accepted Manuscripts
Authors: Joseph M. Garfunkel, Martin H. Ulshen, Harvey J. Hamrick, Edward E. Lawson
Journal: JAMA (1990)

To test the hypothesis that no important deficits would be identified on further review of accepted manuscripts, and that such manuscripts would be recommended for publication on rereview, we sent manuscripts that had been accepted for publication, after review and revision, for rereview by new referees who were unaware of the status of the manuscripts. Each review was evaluated independently by two assistant editors to determine whether substantive criticisms were identified by the new reviewers. The majority of manuscripts were thought by the new reviewers to have defects that warranted further revision, but the problems noted were often dissimilar. However, 80% of the manuscripts were recommended for publication and others were judged suitable for publication, although not at a high priority. The assistant editors frequently differed in their judgments whether a given criticism of a reviewer warranted further revision; nevertheless, there was infrequent disagreement regarding the basic decision for acceptance or rejection.
Hemodynamic Consequences of the Injection of Radiopaque Material
Authors: G. C. FRIESINGER, JOCHEN SCHAFFER, J. MICHAEL CRILEY, ROBERT A. GAERTNER, RICHARD S. ROSS
Journal: Circulation (1965)

The hemodynamic changes resulting from injection of radiopaque material into the left heart in a series of patients undergong cineangiographic studies have been reported. The hypertonicity of radiopaque materials appears to be responsible for much of the observed reaction. The mechanism whereby hypertonic solutions produce the observed physiologic changes remains unknown. Changes observed in patients could be reproduced in experimental animals. The combined experimental and clinical data show that left atrial pressure increases, left atrial pulse contour alters, stroke output increases, heart rate is much unchanged, peripheral artery pressure falls, hematocrit level falls, and myocardial contractile force decreases mildly and transiently. The difference between the physiologic effects of injecting hypertonic media into the right and left sides of the circulation is discussed. Because the pressure changes are easy to monitor and parallel the other features of the hemodynamic reaction, it is good to wait until pressures have returned to the pre-angiographic level before proceeding with the injection of more radiopaque material. This usually requires 15 minutes.
Autophagy regulates adipose mass and differentiation in mice
Authors: Rajat Singh, Youqing Xiang, Yongjun Wang, Kiran Baikati, Ana Maria Cuervo, Yen K. Luu, Yan Tang, Jeffrey E. Pessin, Gary J. Schwartz, Mark J. Czaja
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2009)

The relative balance between the quantity of white and brown adipose tissue can profoundly affect lipid storage and whole-body energy homeostasis. However, the mechanisms regulating the formation, expansion, and interconversion of these 2 distinct types of fat remain unknown. Recently, the lysosomal degradative pathway of macroautophagy has been identified as a regulator of cellular differentiation, suggesting that autophagy may modulate this process in adipocytes. The function of autophagy in adipose differentiation was therefore examined in the current study by genetic inhibition of the critical macroautophagy gene autophagy-related 7 (Atg7). Knockdown of Atg7 in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes inhibited lipid accumulation and decreased protein levels of adipocyte differentiation factors. Knockdown of Atg5 or pharmacological inhibition of autophagy or lysosome function also had similar effects. An adipocyte-specific mouse knockout of Atg7 generated lean mice with decreased white adipose mass and enhanced insulin sensitivity. White adipose tissue in knockout mice had increased features of brown adipocytes, which, along with an increase in normal brown adipose tissue, led to an elevated rate of fatty acid, β-oxidation, and a lean body mass. Autophagy therefore functions to regulate body lipid accumulation by controlling adipocyte differentiation and determining the balance between white and brown fat.
What is rank?
Authors: Adam Morton
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1998)

The concept of rank is not a very clear one. Claims that two concepts occupy the same rank in different domains are in danger of being unintelligible. Examples show how hard it is to understand Atran's claim that the most significant concepts in folk biology occur at a higher level than nonbiological concepts. A reformulation preserves some of what Atran wants to claim.
Serial evaluation of myocardial thickening and thinning in acute experimental infarction: identification and quantification using two-dimensional echocardiography.
Authors: M Nieminen, A F Parisi, J E O'Boyle, E D Folland, S Khuri, R A Kloner
Journal: Circulation (1982)

Regional left ventricular function was studied serially by quantitative two-dimensional echocardiography (2-D echo) in 20 dogs after left anterior descending coronary artery ligation. Normal values for regional myocardial thickening were established in 20 healthy dogs and used as a standard to recognize abnormally contracting segments (ACS). In normal hearts, the mean percent thickening tended to increase from base (25.8%) to apex (34.0%), but showed considerable diversity from segment to segment (range 20.0-40.0%); nevertheless, at least some degree of thickening was seen in every segment. After coronary occlusion, myocardial segments either thinned or failed to thicken. At the papillary muscle level, there was an improvement in function between 2 and 48 hours, with thinning at 2 hours and thickening at 48 hours. Tissue infarct size (IS) determined at 48 hours was related to IS derived from a weighted summation of ACS at 2, 24 and 48 hours. At 2 hours, ACS considerably overpredicted and correlated poorly with tissue IS (25.3% vs 13.4%; r = 0.60); by 48 hours, IS predicted by ACS had decreased to 15.3% (p less than 0.05) and had an improved, but only fair correlation with tissue IS (r = 0.73, SEE = 4.9%). We conclude that there is considerable heterogeneity to myocardial thickening by 2-D-echo, but failure to thicken is not seen in the normal dog heart. In many dogs, the extent of myocardial dysfunction 2 hours after coronary ligation exceeds that seen later. Tissue IS is difficult to predict accurately from ACS. Since the amount of muscle dysfunction is not necessarily equivalent to the amount of tissue necrosis in acute myocardial infarction, ACS may be more appropriate used to tract the course of infarction rather than to predict IS.
Ethical dilemmas in the acute setting: a framework for clinicians
Authors: D. K. Sokol, W. A. McFadzean, W. A. Dickson, I. S. Whitaker
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Nearly all healthcare professionals will encounter ethical dilemmas in their work but rarely get any training in how to resolve them. Using a real case, <b>Daniel Sokol and colleagues</b> illustrate a structured approach to ethical analysis
Anatomic correlates of aortic pulse wave velocity and carotid artery elasticity during atherosclerosis progression and regression in monkeys.
Authors: D J Farrar, M G Bond, W A Riley, J K Sawyer
Journal: Circulation (1991)

We noninvasively measured changes in average aortic stiffness in 79 cynomolgus monkeys being fed cholesterol progression, regression, and control diets by measuring pulse wave velocity (PWV) in 260 experiments during a 30-month period. Every 6 months, a group of monkeys was studied with invasive aortic PWV techniques and with ultrasonically determined pressure-strain elastic modulus (Ep) of the carotid artery, and then the group was killed so that morphometric evaluation of atherosclerosis severity could be made. After 6 months of a cholesterol progression diet, PWV decreased slightly from 6.2 +/- 0.1 to 5.7 +/- 0.1 m/sec, followed by an approximate linear increase to 8.8 +/- 1.2 m/sec after 30 months on the diet. The corresponding ratio of intimal (plaque) area to medial area (IA/MA) measured on perfusion-fixed cross-sections of the abdominal and thoracic aortas increased from 0.16 +/- 0.07 at 6 months to 1.23 +/- 0.22 at 30 months. Monkeys in the regression groups were fed the cholesterol progression diet for 18 months, followed by a chow diet for 6 or 12 months. In the first 6 months of the cholesterol regression diet, PWV continued to increase from 7.0 +/- 0.2 to 8.1 +/- 0.4 m/sec, and IA/MA was 1.24 +/- 0.18. However, after 12 months of the cholesterol regression diet, PWV decreased to 6.8 +/- 0.4 m/sec, and IA/MA was 0.90 +/- 0.18. The variability of the data demonstrates that PWV is not a simple function of atherosclerosis severity, and the best simple correlation was r = 0.69 (r2 = 0.48) between PWV and intimal area. However, multiple regression analysis of aortic PWV, systolic (SP) and diastolic (DP) blood pressures, and total plasma cholesterol concentration (TPC), all of which can be measured with minimally invasive techniques, improved the prediction of the IA/MA ratio through the following equation: IA/MA = 0.127 PWV-0.039 DP+0.023SP+0.0003TPC-0.292 (r = 0.81, r2 = 0.66). These data suggest that arterial stiffness in combination with minimally invasive parameters can be used to predict the severity of diffuse asymptomatic atherosclerosis in monkeys. However, more widespread application of these data to humans is uncertain because of biological variability and differences between animal models and human subjects.
Prospective randomised study of an orthopaedic geriatric inpatient service.
Authors: W. J. Gilchrist, R. J. Newman, D. L. Hamblen, B. O. Williams
Journal: BMJ (1988)

A randomised controlled trial of two management regimens was carried out in women patients over 65 years of age with hip fractures. Ninety seven patients were admitted to a designated orthopaedic geriatric unit and 125 to orthopaedic wards. No difference was observed in mortality, length of stay, or placement of patients between the two groups. More medical conditions were recognised and treated in patients in the orthopaedic geriatric unit group. It is concluded that designated orthopaedic geriatric units can provide medical care to these patients and should be administered without additional cost.