tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Bollywood horror film spooks eye specialists
Authors: Sanjit Bagchi
Journal: BMJ (2005)

They fear it could undermine public confidence in cornea transplants 

P romotional material for the Bollywood horror film Naina reads, “Twenty years of Darkness. 7 days of hell. No one could survive it. She did” (www.nainathefilm.com). While the film—released on 20 May and now showing all over India—may not have spooked that many audiences as yet, it has terrified ophthalmologists and voluntary eye-donation campaigners all over the country.



The “hell” portrayed in the movie is the paranormal experiences of the lead character, whose eyesight is restored by a cornea transplant. According to eye specialists of the All India Ophthalmological Society (AIOS), and campaigners at the Eye Bank Association of India (EBAI) and Ganadarpan (a Calcutta-based voluntary organisation), Naina could reinforce myths about cornea transplants and is poised to create a climate of fear among recipients as well as donors.

The film tells the story of a blind girl called Naina (also meaning “eyes” in Hindi) living in London. The girl loses her eyesight in a car crash when she is 5 years old. Twenty …
Choosing the preventive workload in general practice: practical application of the Coronary Prevention Group guidelines and Dundee coronary risk-disk.
Authors: T. Randall, J. Muir, D. Mant
Journal: BMJ (1992)

OBJECTIVE--To determine the workload implications for general practice of the Coronary Prevention Group and British Heart Foundation action plan for preventing heart disease. DESIGN--Computer simulation of plan, including calculation of Dundee risk scores, with data from OXCHECK trial. SUBJECTS--4759 patients aged 35-64 who had health checks during 1989-91. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE--Effect of using different risk scores as thresholds on workload and coverage of patients at known risk. Thresholds of 6-20 were used for cholesterol screening (nearset) and 4-16 for special care (preset). RESULTS--On the basis of workload a nearset of 8 and preset of 12 would be reasonable. This implies cholesterol measurement in 1794 (37.7%) patients and special care in 1074 (22.6%). However, many patients with single risk factors were not allocated to special care at these thresholds: 11 (37.9%) patients with cholesterol concentrations > or = 10 mmol/l, 21 (33.9%) with systolic pressure > or = 180 mm Hg, and 213 (40.7%) heavy smokers (> 20 cigarettes/day) were missed. The distribution of scores was similar in those at established clinical risk, those with family history of heart disease, and others. CONCLUSION--The guidelines may help to make best use of resources within specific age-sex groups but sound protocols for unifactorial risk assessment and modification remain essential.
Autoradiographic study of the permeability characteristics of the small intestine.
Authors: J G Kingham, J H Baker, C A Loehry
Journal: Gut (1978)

This autoradiographic study demonstrates the distribution of a range of small solutes and macromolecules in the mucosa of the guinea-pig small intestine after intracardiac injection. The substances investigated were: 14C-urea, 3H-mannose, 3H-inulin, and 125I polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). Small bowel biopsies were taken at intervals from one to 60 minutes after injection and the tissues processed for autoradiography. Light microscopic examination of the autoradiographs showed that the compartmental distribution depended on the molecular size of the substances being studied. Urea and mannose, as small solutes, were uniformly distributed throughout the intravascular, extravascular, and epithelial compartments. Inulin was evenly distributed in the vessel lumen and extravascular space but there was a considerable drop in concentration in the epithelium. PVP exhibited the most marked gradients, the concentration being greatest in the vascular lumina, lower in the extravascular space, least in the epithelium. Thus there appear to be two barriers to macromolecular passage which are freely permeable to small solutes: the capillary wall and the epithelium. At a light microscopical level it is not possible to observe whether the limiting membrane of each of these barriers is the cell plasmalemmal membrane or the basement membrane. The selectivity of the epithelial barrier is greater than that of the capillary barrier.
MODIFICATIONS OF CULTURE MEDIA USED IN THE ISOLATION AND DIFFERENTIATION OF TYPHOID, DYSENTERY, AND ALLIED BACILLI
Authors: I. J. Kligler
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1918)

The three media as modified-Endo medium, neutral red-brilliant green, and the lead acetate Russell double sugar-have proved in our hands the best combination for the isolation and rapid differentiation of the various organisms belonging to the typhoid-dysentery group of bacilli.
Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis
Authors: Mary D. Nettleman
Journal: JAMA (2005)

DURING THE PAST DECADE MULTIDRUG-RESISTANT TUberculosis (MDR-TB) defined as resistance to at least isoniazid and rifampin has declined in the United States. The number of reported MDR-TB cases has decreased from 486 in 1993 to 114 in 2003 and the proportion of resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis has decreased by half. The decline is heartening but this issue of JAMA includes 2 reports from California and Russia showing why celebration would be premature. In this issue of JAMA Granich and colleagues show that California has not shared in the proportionate decline of resistant strains. From 1994 to 2003 the authors analyzed the sensitivity of 28 712 culture-positive cases of TB and identified 407 MDR-TB cases. Although the absolute number of MDR-TB cases per year decreased during the 10-year period the number of sensitive cases also declined leading to stable proportions of resistance. Matching several databases they identified key risk factors for resistance including a previous diagnosis of TB a positive smear Asian/ Pacific Islander ethnicity and being a US resident for less than 5 years. In fact 84% of cases were in foreign-born persons residing in the United States. The authors conclude that much of the MDR-TB problem in California was imported underscoring the global nature of TB.  (excerpt)
Workshop Report: Treating Diabetes and its Complications
Authors: Stefan S Fajans, Paul Nutting
Journal: Diabetes Care (1993)

RESEARCH OPPORTUNITIES— The work group discussed research opportunities in biomedical, behavioral, and health service research on some of the complications of NIDDM. The panel chose to focus on aspects of the prevention of blindness, nephropathy, heart disease, and amputations, and aspects of gestational diabetes and diabetes in pregnancy. The panel agreed at the onset that the best treatment of diabetes and its complications was prevention of diabetes by treating early abnormalities of glucose tolerance or impaired glucose tolerance. Primary prevention of diabetes may be achieved by treating such abnormalities by diet, exercise, or oral hypoglycemic agents. Alternatively, treatment of the earliest abnormalities of NIDDM, such as a diabetic glucose tolerance test, early in the natural history of diabetes might also be effective. These topics were discussed in more detail in the work group on the Prevention and Early Treatment of NIDDM.
Effect of acute hypercapnia on diaphragmatic and limb muscle contractility.
Authors: M J Mador, T Wendel, T J Kufel
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1997)

The purpose of this study was to determine whether acute hypercapnia depresses limb muscle and diaphragmatic contractility. Twelve subjects breathed 8% CO2 for 20 min on two separate occasions. On one occasion, twitch transdiaphragmatic pressure (Pdi) was obtained during both cervical magnetic and transcutaneous stimulation before and 2, 10, and 30 min after CO2 breathing. In addition, twitch Pdi was obtained during CO2 breathing in five subjects using cervical magnetic stimulation. On the other occasion, adductor pollicis twitch force was measured during transcutaneous supramaximal ulnar nerve stimulation and arterialized venous blood gas determinations were obtained before, during, and after CO2 breathing. Twitch Pdi was not significantly different from baseline at any time after CO2 breathing. Similarly, twitch Pdi did not significantly change from the beginning to the end of the period of CO2 breathing. In contrast, adductor pollicis twitch force was significantly less than baseline 2 min after CO2 breathing (p < 0.01). Furthermore, during CO2 breathing, adductor pollicis twitch force fell significantly, reaching statistical significance at 8 min, decreasing still further by 13 min, and then plateauing. During the final 2 min of CO2 breathing, adductor pollicis twitch force averaged 86.5 +/- 2.7% of the baseline value (p < 0.0007). During CO2 breathing, Pco2 rose to 60.1 +/- 0.5 mm Hg, whereas pH fell to 7.27 +/- 0.004 units. Breathing 8% CO2 elicited a moderate hyperpnea, and minute ventilation during the final minute of CO2 breathing averaged 54.74 +/- 4.90 L/min. To ensure that this hyperpnea did not augment diaphragmatic activity enough to potentiate the twitch, five subjects voluntarily mimicked their CO2 hyperpnea on a separate occasion. Twitch Pdi was not significantly different from baseline at any time after voluntary mimicking. To ensure that changes in diaphragmatic contractility were not missed by our twitch measurements, Pdi was measured during bilateral transcutaneous phrenic nerve stimulation at 10 Hz in four subjects. Again, Pdi during 10 Hz stimulation was not significantly different from baseline at any time after CO2 breathing. In conclusion, (1) acute moderate hypercapnia mildly depresses limb muscle contractility, and (2) acute moderate hypercapnia did not produce significant changes in diaphragmatic contractility.
Muscle and Liver Insulin Resistance Indexes Derived From the Oral Glucose Tolerance Test
Authors: Muhammad A. Abdul-Ghani, Masafumi Matsuda, Bogdan Balas, Ralph A. DeFronzo
Journal: Diabetes Care (2006)

OBJECTIVE—To derive indexes for muscle and hepatic insulin sensitivity from the measurement of plasma glucose and insulin concentrations during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—A total of 155 subjects of Mexican-American origin (58 male and 97 female, aged 18–70 years, BMI 20–65 kg/m2) with normal glucose tolerance (n = 100) or impaired glucose tolerance (n = 55) were studied. Each subject received a 75-g OGTT and a euglycemic insulin clamp in combination with tritiated glucose. The OGTT-derived indexes of muscle and hepatic insulin sensitivity were compared with hepatic and muscle insulin sensitivity, which was directly measured with the insulin clamp, by correlation analysis. RESULTS—The product of total area under curve (AUC) for glucose and insulin during the first 30 min of the OGTT (glucose0–30[AUC] × insulin0–30[AUC]) strongly correlated with the hepatic insulin resistance index (fasting plasma insulin × basal endogenous glucose production) (r = 0.64, P &amp;lt; 0.0001). The rate of decay of plasma glucose concentration from its peak value to its nadir during the OGTT divided by the mean plasma insulin concentration (dG/dt ÷ I) strongly correlated with muscle insulin sensitivity measured with the insulin clamp (P = 0.78, P &amp;lt; 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS—Novel estimates for hepatic and muscle insulin resistance from OGTT data are presented for quantitation of insulin sensitivity in nondiabetic subjects.
US private hospital chain is investigated for possible unnecessary coronary procedures
Authors: B. Roehr
Journal: BMJ (2012)

The largest private hospital chain in the United States1 is being investigated by the Justice Department for possibly performing unnecessary cardiac procedures under the Medicare health insurance programme.

The company has acknowledged that it is cooperating with federal attorneys “on reviews assessing the medical necessity of interventional cardiology services” provided at its facilities.

HCA was formed in 1968 as the Hospital Corporation of America. It operates 163 hospitals and 110 surgical centres in the United States and England, employs around 200 000 people, and has a revenue of …
Evolution of a Ureteric Stone From the Renal Pelvis to the Ureter on Skeletal Scintigraphy With CT Correlation
Authors: Pushpender Gupta, Gopi Kota, Akiva Mintz
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2012)

Because bone-seeking radiopharmaceuticals are excreted into the urine by the kidneys, normal kidneys and bladder are well visualized on skeletal scintigrams leading to incidental detection of urinary tract abnormalities in up to 15% of bone scans. Although the findings pertaining to the urinary tract on skeletal scintigraphy are seldom suggestive of a definitive diagnosis, they are highly specific for renal disease, with fewer than 2% false-positive studies reported. In the presented case, we demonstrate the evolution of a ureteric stone from the renal pelvis into the ureter on sequential skeletal scintigraphy with CT correlation.
STRICTURES OF THE OESOPHAGUS—THEIR NATURE AND TREATMENT, WITH CASES.
Authors: HENRY F. CAMPBELL
Journal: JAMA (1883)

[Read before American Surgical Association, Cincinnati, O., June, 1883.] The frequency of injury to the œsophagus, resulting in obstruction and disability of the tube for the entrance of food into the stomach, gives to this class of accidents, and the conditions arising from them, an importance well worthy the careful consideration of the surgeon. Few who have had the unhappiness to witness the gradual, or more or less rapid closure of this important canal; to note day by day the hunger, the thirst, the restlessness, the wild desire, the appealing calls for help and relief, and then the wan cheek, the anxious eye, the rapidly emaciating frame, all harbingers of a sure and agonizing death, can ever forget the scenes, of which they have been the unwilling witness, nor the cries of the victim—most frequently a child—as the painful echoes of a memory they would gladly efface. In the discussion
WHO chief calls for united front in face of three crises: food, climate change, and pandemic influenza
Authors: John Zarocostas
Journal: BMJ (2008)

The global community needs to present a united front in the face of the three looming crises on the horizon—food, climate change, and pandemic influenza—that have the potential to undo much hard won progress in public health, the head of the World Health Organization, Dr Margaret Chan, told ministers and senior health officials on Monday.

The WHO chief said these three international crises could severely affect health, with poor people being the first and hardest to be hit. “Two are beyond the direct control of the health sector. But for …
Isotretinoin and Pregnancy
Authors: Kenneth Lyons Jones
Journal: JAMA (2001)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Attempt to Prevent Erythroblastosis Foetalis by Use of Cortisone During Pregnancy
Authors: J. R. Anderson, G. M. Barr, A. Slessor
Journal: BMJ (1952)

Since the discovery by Landsteiner and Wiener (1940) of the rhesus factor great advances have been made in the understanding of erythroblastosis foetalis, and it is now firmly established that the condition results from the development in the pregnant woman of immune antibodies capable of crossing fhe placental barrier and causing excessive red-cell destruction in the foetus. This recent knowledge has led to several attempts to inhibit the development of such antibodies. Thus Wiener and Sonn (1946) gave injections of typhoid and pertussis vaccines during pregnancy in the hope that the administration of a strong antigen might interfere with the development of antibodies in response to the weaker (Rh) antigen. Kariher (1947), acting upon reports that ethylene disulphonate was alleged to be of value in allergic conditions, administered this substance in minute amounts to pregnant women who had pre viously given birth to infants with haemolytic disease. His results suggested that such treatment may have some effect in lowering the antibody titre in the maternal serum. Carter (1947, 1949) claimed to have isolated from human Rh-positive red cells a fraction containing an Rh hapten, and reported that injections of this frac tion into Rh-sensitized pregnant women resulted in a fall in titre of the circulating Rh antibodies. Other workers, notably Howe and Rustigian (1950), and Spurling et al. (1950), have failed to produce results comparable to those of Carter. So far no widely accepted therapeutic procedure has resulted from these attempts to inhibit Rh antibodies. At the present time the effects of cortisone and A.C.T.H. upon immunity reactions are incompletely understood. The available reports indicate a species difference: cf. guinea-pig (Dews and Code, 1951), rabbit (Germuth and Ottinger, 1950), and man (Mirick, 1951). In man A.C.T.H. and cortisone apparently do not inhibit the development of antibodies (Havens et al., 1951) but are able to prevent hypersensitivity reactions (Long and Favour, 1950). It seems that in man the adrenal agents prevent either the union of antigen and antibody or the tissue injury which results from such union.
A Multiphasic Study of Lower-Extremity Amputees
Authors: Kate H. Kohn
Journal: JAMA (1967)

Sixty-five lower-extremity amputees were selected for prosthetic training. Fifty-eight completed the program, which was modified to include use of a training pylon and to permit electrocardiographic monitoring. All patients were rated four times in four areas: cardiac functional capacity, peripheral vascular status of the remaining leg, functional ability achieved, and several psychological aspects. All patients improved in physical functioning with a prosthesis regardless of cardiac disease, peripheral vascular disease of the remaining leg, osteoarthritis, or low intellectual ability. Long delay, even 12 months or more, from amputation to prosthesis did not adversely influence gain in function. Geriatric amputees can achieve independent living outside of custodial care institutions if given properly modified prosthesis and prosthetic training.
Serum low density lipoprotein of alcoholic patients is chemically modified in vivo and induces apolipoprotein E synthesis by macrophages.
Authors: R C Lin, J Dai, L Lumeng, M Y Zhang
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1995)

This work was carried out to investigate the effect of alcohol drinking on serum LDL. Agarose gel electrophoresis showed that LDL samples from alcoholic patients without serious liver disease were more negatively charged and moved faster toward the cathode than LDL from nondrinking control subjects. Rabbit antibodies raised by using keyhole limpet hemocyanin modified in vitro by 4-hydroxynonenal or by acetaldehyde as immunogens reacted more strongly with patients' LDL than with control LDL, indicating the presence of oxidatively modified epitopes and acetaldehyde adducts in alcoholic patients' LDL. LDL of alcoholic patients has decreased vitamin E contents. The electromobility of LDL decreased after abstinence from alcohol and returned to normal in 2 wk, but this was not accompanied by a significant increase in its vitamin E contents. When incubated with mouse peritoneal macrophages, patients' LDL induced apolipoprotein E secretion by threefold over control LDL with a concomitant increase in cellular cholesterol. Our results thus demonstrate that LDL of alcoholic patients has lower vitamin E content, is chemically modified in vivo, and exhibits altered biological function. These changes in heavy alcoholic drinkers may render LDL more atherogenic and thereby may counter the antiatherosclerosis effects of moderate alcohol consumption.
Hazards in the Treatment of Cardiac Decompensation
Authors: Mark D. Altschule
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1953)

THE results of activity in cardiologic clinics and laboratories during the past three decades were apparently foretold in the Book of Daniel, which prophesied (xii:4): "Many shall run to and fro, and knowledge shall be increased." So thoroughly have the data of cardiology been discussed in publications of the past thirty years that any additional comment risks arousing the ghost of Francis Bacon to reiterate his complaint made in The Advancement of Learning (1605): "I find great repetition, and but little new matter, in the writers of physic." Another of Bacon's comments about medicine might serve as the text for . . .
An internet-based survey on the circumstances of food-induced reactions following the diagnosis of IgE-mediated food allergy
Authors: P. A. Eigenmann, S. A. Zamora
Journal: Allergy (2002)

Despite careful avoidance measures, food allergic patients have a significant risk of anaphylactic episodes. Risk situations need to be identified for more efficient preventive measures.Responders to an internet-based survey on the awareness of food anaphylaxis were invited to relate the circumstances of their most severe reaction following the diagnosis of IgE-mediated food allergy. Items of the questionnaire included the circumstances of the reaction and the treatment, as well as questions related to reactions occurring at specific categories of sites (i.e. home, schools, or restaurants).Fifty-one of the returned questionnaires (34.1%) corresponded to the study criteria. The median age of the subjects was 7 years (range 0.5-61), with 33/51 (64.7%) being less than 16 years of age. Reactions were reported to peanuts (24/51; 47.1%), milk (12/51; 23.5%), tree nuts (6/51; 11.8%), fish and shellfish (5/51; 9.8%), and others (3/51; 5.8%). Reactions occurred at home (13/51; 25.5%), in restaurants (9/51; 17.6%), at school or daycare or kindergarten (8/51; 15.7%), at a relative or friend's home (7/51; 13.7%), at sites of leisure activities (6/51; 11.8%), at work (3/51; 5.9%), in church or a hospital ward (2/51; 3.9% each), or in a food store (1/51; 2.0%). In severe reactions (37/51; 72.5%) epinephrine was administered in 28/37 (75.7%) of the responders. Finally, while most reactions happened after ingestion of the food (40/51; 78.4%), others were reported after skin contact exclusively (8/51; 16%), or after inhalation (3/51; 5.9%).Food induced-anaphylaxis in patients aware of their allergy happens most often at sites considered as safe (i.e. home, schools, workplace, hospitals). Better strategies to avoid accidental reactions include clear labelling of forbidden foods and increased information at all levels. These might dramatically reduce the risk of food-induced anaphylaxis in food allergy sufferers.
contribution of major cardiovascular risk factors to familial premature coronary artery disease
Authors: Vincent Jomini, S.éverine Oppliger-Pasquali, Vincent Wietlisbach, Nicolas Rodondi, Valérie Jotterand, Fred Paccaud, Roger Darioli, Pascal Nicod, Vincent Mooser
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)