tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Preventing Perinatal HIV Infection
Authors: R. J. Simonds
Journal: JAMA (1996)

During the past 2 decades, perinatal transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has become a major cause of illness and death among children in the United States, having infected more than 15 000 children and having claimed more than 3000 lives.<sup>1</sup>An important turning point in this epidemic occurred on February 21,1994, when the National Institutes of Health (NIH) announced the interim results of AIDS Clinical Trials Group (ACTG) Protocol 076, which demonstrated that zidovudine administered to a group of HIV-infected women during pregnancy and labor and to their newborns reduced the risk for perinatal HIV transmission by two thirds.<sup>2</sup>This dramatic prevention breakthrough offered both the hope of substantially controlling the HIV epidemic in children and the challenge of turning this hope into reality. In response to this challenge, a multifaceted campaign was launched by public and private health organizations, community groups, and individuals to translate the
Abstract CT420: An open label pilot study of NovoTTF Therapy concomitant with gemcitabine for front-line therapy of advanced pancreatic adenocarcinoma (NCT01971281)
Authors: Uri Weinberg, Eilon D. Kirson, Ori Farber, Moshe Giladi, Yoram Palti
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Background: NovoTTF Therapy is a non-invasive, anti-mitotic treatment modality, based on low intensity alternating electric fields. Tumor Treating Fields (TTFields) interfere with two steps during mitosis: The formation of the mitotic spindle (metaphase), and the translocation of charged organelles (anaphase). TTFields inhibit proliferation of pancreatic cell lines in vitro, and inhibit pancreatic tumor growth in vivo, alone and in combination with gemcitabine. NovoTTF Therapy applied to the brain in recurrent GBM patients demonstrated an anti-tumoral effect with minimal toxicity and better quality of life, compared to chemotherapy (Stupp et al, 2012). Being a regional treatment, TTFields can potentially inhibit the primary tumor as well as major metastatic sites of pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Objectives: the current trial is designed to study the safety, tolerability and efficacy of NovoTTF therapy applied to the abdomen concomitant to the standard care gemcitabine treatment, in patients suffering from advanced pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Endpoints: severity and frequency of adverse events associated with the experimental treatment (primary), progression free survival (PFS), 6-month PFS rate, overall survival, overall response rate, compliance with NovoTTF Therapy (secondary) Treatments: Gemcitabine 1000 mg/m^2 over 30 minute infusion once weekly for up to 7 weeks, followed by a week rest from treatment. Subsequent cycles will consist of once weekly infusions on days 1, 8, 15 every 28 days. Continuous NovoTTF Therapy at a frequency of 150 kHz will be administered to the abdomen, in order to cover the region of primary tumor and main metastatic sites. The fields will be applied in two perpendicular directions at a maximal intensity of 1414 mA RMS, using highly insulated Transducer Arrays connected to a portable, battery-operated electric field generator. TTFields will be administered for at least 18 hours a day until radiological disease progression. Major eligibility criteria: unresectable, pathologically confirmed, locally advanced/metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma, measurable/assessable disease, ECOG score 0-1, no prior chemotherapy or radiation, no implantable electronic medical devices. Citation Format: Uri Weinberg, Eilon D. Kirson, Ori Farber, Moshe Giladi, Yoram Palti. An open label pilot study of NovoTTF Therapy concomitant with gemcitabine for front-line therapy of advanced pancreatic adenocarcinoma (NCT01971281). [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr CT420. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-CT420
Histamine Release from Human Leucocytes by IgG4 Subclass in the Sera of Allergic Children
Authors: P. Hindocha, C. B. S. Wood
Journal: Allergy (1985)

Our studies on histamine release from normal washed leucocytes sensitised with sera of children allergic to various inhaled and ingested allergens show that besides IgE, IgG4 present in these sera was capable of sensitising leucocytes of normal donors, and these leucocytes released histamine on challenge with anti-IgG4. By contrast, antisera of other subclasses of IgG released very small amounts of histamine from sensitised leucocytes. A discordant correlation between skin tests and RAST IgE was observed in some children. Significantly greater amounts of histamine were released from normal leucocytes sensitised with serum from these children when challenged with anti-IgG4 compared to anti-IgE. These studies indicate that IgG4 merits further study as a reaginic marker in atopic diseases of the children with possible prognostic significance.
Production of Renin by Human Juxtaglomerular Cells in Vitro
Authors: ABEL L. ROBERTSON, ROBERT R. SMEBY, F. MERLIN BUMPUS, IRVINE H. PAGE
Journal: Circulation Research (1966)

New organ culture methods permit growth of human renal cortical cells fulfilling all known criteria of juxtaglomerular cells. Two types of granules were observed with the electron microscope. These granules showed an increase in size and number during the growth of these cultures. Their presence in cells was demonstrated by Bowie's, basic fuchsin-crystal violet, and fluorochrome staining methods. Puromycin or actinomycin D caused a reduction in the number of cytoplasmic granules, while 1% oxygen in the gas phase of the culture caused an increase. Specific reaction of these granules with rabbit antihuman renin antibody was demonstrated. Other cellular structures did not react with this antibody. Similar granules were observed in the media of hyperplastic, interlobular arterioles but not in normal arterioles or arterioles of other vascular beds. Bundles of myofilaments could be observed between the cytoplasmic granules in cultured cells. Bioassays of renin activity of the supernatant culture medium showed that it contained renin if granulated cells were present in the culture. All juxtaglomerular cells in culture produced granules, but only those cells which grew from kidneys with pathological changes released renin, suggesting that the stimulus for renin release existed in the intact kidney. This stimulus for renin release seemed to be rapidly lost during culture growth.
Comparison of the Activity Profiles of Two Fixed Combinations of Regular/NPH Human Insulin (recombinant DNA) of Different Compositions with a Fixed Regular/NPH Porcine Insulin Combination (PPI) in Insulin-dependent Diabetic Individuals
Authors: D Sailer, Th Ludwig, S Kolb
Journal: Diabetes Care (1982)

In a randomized double-blind crossover study, 10 insulin-dependent diabetic individuals were treated with a commercial brand of neutral, highly purified porcine insulin (PPI) with 30% regular and 70% NPH fractions (Mixtard, Nordisk, Denmark), and with human insulins (recombinant DNA) with 20% regular and 80% NPH fractions, and with 30% regular and 70% NPH fractions. Each of the preparations was given for 4 consecutive days. The human insulin combination with the 20% regular and 80% NPH components showed a similar activity profile as the PPI 30/70 combination. In contrast, the human insulin combination with the 30% regular and 70% NPH fractions produced substantially lower blood sugar concentrations with the associated risk of hypoglycemia.
Cell-specific PPARγ deficiency establishes anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrogenic properties for this nuclear receptor in non-parenchymal liver cells
Authors: Eva Morán-Salvador, Esther Titos, Bibiana Rius, Ana González-Périz, Verónica García-Alonso, Cristina López-Vicario, Rosa Miquel, Yaacov Barak, Vicente Arroyo, Joan Clària
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
Atypical localization of acanthosis nigricans in an obese patient with increased leptin level: Is there an association?
Authors: Ayca Cordan Yazici, Umit Tursen, Guliz Ikizoglu, Esen Akbay, Canten Tataroglu, M.Y. Burak Cimen
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2006)
TCT-361 Prognostic Impact of Non-Infarct-Related-Artery Chronic Total Occlusion Revascularization in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction Treated by Primary Angioplasty
Authors: Renato Valenti, Marco Marrani, Giulia Cantini, Vincenzo Comito, Angela Migliorini, Nazario Carrabba, Guido Parodi, Ruben Vergara, David Antoniucci
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Abstract P4-04-03: A microgenomic approach using LCM procured breast cancer cells to identify clinically relevant gene signatures that underlie favorable response of ILC to aromatase inhibitors
Authors: MA Sanders, SA Andres, JL Wittliff
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Based on CGH analyses, invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) is closely related to low grade invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC), and is genetically unrelated to intermediate and high grade invasive carcinomas (Pathol Res Pract 2005; 201:713). Results from the BIG 1-98 trial, showed that patients with ILC and luminal B (intermediate/high grade) IDC treated with Letrozole, an aromatase inhibitor (AI), had a significant improvement in overall survival, whereas patients with luminal A (low grade) IDC did not (Cancer Res 2012; 72(24 Suppl):Abstract nr S1-1). Despite genetic evidence suggesting a close relationship between ILC and low grade IDC, and disparity between ILC and intermediate and high grade IDC, a clinically relevant gene set underlying a tumor's biologic responsiveness to AIs likely exists. We are deciphering a gene subset that would differ in expression between low grade IDC and ILC, and would be shared by ILC and luminal B IDC. Identification of such a gene set should lead to a more robust marker for identifying AI responsive tumors rather than relying solely on histomorphology and/or immunohistochemistry for the pathologic diagnosis of ILC, since the distinction between ILC and IDC is not always straight forward in pathology practice. Using 247 de-identified human breast carcinoma biopsies collected under standardized, stringent conditions, total RNA was extracted from carcinoma cells procured by laser capture microdissection to perform microarray analyses of approximately 22,000 genes to identify expression signatures associated with breast cancer characteristics. Of the 247 samples, 169 samples were used for the analysis and included 16 ILCs, 13 low grade IDCs, 55 intermediate grade IDCs and 85 high grade IDCs. Preliminary analyses identified 1267 genes that were differentially expressed (p&amp;lt;0.01) between cell samples from patients with IDC compared to those with ILC. Gene expression levels in breast cancer cells from patients with low grade IDC compared to those with ILC yielded 200 genes that were statistically differentially expressed (p&amp;lt;0.01). When comparing high grade IDC to ILC, 149 of these genes were not differentially expressed indicating that this gene set may serve as a panel of candidate genes for identifying cancers responsive to AIs. Pathway analysis software (Ingenuity®) identified that these genes were associated with key molecular and cellular functions, e.g., cell-to-cell signaling, cell morphology, cell death and survival, cellular assembly and organization and carbohydrate metabolism. qPCR analyses are used to validate and refine the gene subset distinguishing ILC from low grade IDC. Our approach is revealing subtle molecular features that discriminate these lesions based on clinical behavior. Supported in part by a grant from the Phi Beta Psi Charity Trust. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr P4-04-03.
Febrile Reaction to Sulindac
Authors: Rafael Levites
Journal: JAMA (1981)

To the Editor.—  Sulindac (Clinoril) is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug used for the treatment of arthritic disorders. Several reports of adverse reactions, such as marrow aplasia, 1 hepatotoxicity, 2 and hypersensitivity, 3,4 have been noted. We report a case of hypersensitivity, manifested primarily by an acute febrile reaction that mimicked an infectious process.  Report of a Case.—  A 52-year-old man had a history of mitral commissurotomy and implantation of a demand pacemaker six months ago. He was admitted to St Francis Hospital, Trenton, NJ, with a ten-day history of fever, chills, and malaise. The patient appeared acutely ill, febrile (40.3 °C), and hypotensive (blood pressure, 90/70 mm Hg). There was nail and lip cyanosis. Cardiovascular examination revealed a grade 3/6 pansystolic murmur at the apex. The initial impression was of bacterial endocarditis, and after appropriate blood cultures, therapy was started with penicillin and streptomycin. He became afebrile within 36 hours.
Reply by Dr. Ernest Greenberg: Resumption of Hormonal Therapy
Authors: E. Greenberg
Journal: CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians (1986)

if we have no Mohs-trained surgeons?â€•We reply by recommending that the ophthalmic surgeon ask his or her patholo gist colleague to make horizontal rather than vertical sections to be certain of the removal of all malignancy.Fig. 6 shows (A)
Targeted Disruption of Stat3 Reveals a Major Role for Follicular Stem Cells in Skin Tumor Initiation
Authors: Dae Joon Kim, Ken Kataoka, Dharanija Rao, Kaoru Kiguchi, George Cotsarelis, John DiGiovanni
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

The initiation stage of mouse skin carcinogenesis involves the induction of mutations in keratinocyte stem cells (KSC), which confers a selective growth advantage allowing clonal expansion during tumor promotion. Targeted disruption of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (Stat3) in bulge region KSCs was achieved by treating K15.CrePR1 x Stat3(fl/fl) mice with RU486. Deletion of Stat3 prior to skin tumor initiation with 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene significantly increased the number of apoptotic KSCs and decreased the frequency of Ha-ras codon 61 A(182)-->T transversion mutations in this cell population compared with wild-type littermates. Targeted disruption of Stat3 in bulge region KSCs at the time of initiation also dramatically reduced the number of skin tumors (by approximately 80%) produced following promotion with the phorbol ester 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate. These results show that Stat3 is required for the survival of bulge region KSCs during tumor initiation. Furthermore, these data provide direct evidence that bulge region KSCs are the primary targets for the initiation of skin tumors in this model system.
More on advisory committee decision
Authors: D. J. Graham, K. Gelperin
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Your readers may be interested in additional background concerning the recent US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) advisory committee meeting on rosiglitazone.1 In July 2007 a joint meeting of two FDA advisory committees voted 20-3 that rosiglitazone increased the risk of acute myocardial ischaemia and 22-1 that rosiglitazone remain on the market, without ever describing the drug’s benefits or explaining how they exceeded its cardiovascular risks. …
The Anaerobic Bacterial Treatment of Sewage
Authors: R. Boyce
Journal: BMJ (1898)

The differentiation of naive T cells to effector/memory T cells is regulated by a variety of factors. The recent advance of the contribution of Notch signaling in this differentiation step has provided a new path to better understand the acquisition or persistence of effector function of mature T cells. In this review, we summarize emerging and, in some points, conflicting evidence for Notch signaling on mature T cell activation and differentiation.
Can the Practice of Retainer Medicine Improve Primary Care?
Authors: Douglas M. Van Zoeren
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2012)

Letters6 March 2012Can the Practice of Retainer Medicine Improve Primary Care?Douglas M. Van Zoeren, MD, MPHDouglas M. Van Zoeren, MD, MPHFrom Kaiser Permanente Capitol Hill Medical Center, Washington, DC 20002.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-156-5-201203060-00021 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Huddle and Centor (1) argue that “retainer medicine is compatible with professional ethics and will more likely aid in solving the difficulties facing primary care than add to them.” The purported benefits of retainer medicine for patients include enhanced access, streamlined specialty referrals, and other perquisites. Benefits for practitioners include a manageable practice size and a more satisfying practice experience. The ethical defense of retainer medicine is reasoned and presents an ethically legitimate vision for the practice of primary care medicine.However, given the current and projected shortages of primary care physicians, there are better alternatives to ...Reference1. Huddle TS, Centor RM. Retainer medicine: an ethically legitimate form of practice that can improve primary care. Ann Intern Med. 2011;155:633-5. [PMID: 22041952] LinkGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From Kaiser Permanente Capitol Hill Medical Center, Washington, DC 20002.Disclosures: Dr. Van Zoeren is an employee of the Permanente Medical Group. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoRetainer Medicine: An Ethically Legitimate Form of Practice That Can Improve Primary Care Thomas S. Huddle and Robert M. Centor Can the Practice of Retainer Medicine Improve Primary Care? James Webster Can the Practice of Retainer Medicine Improve Primary Care? Martin T. Donohoe Can the Practice of Retainer Medicine Improve Primary Care? Thomas S. Huddle and Robert M. Centor Can the Practice of Retainer Medicine Improve Primary Care? Marcy Zwelling Can the Practice of Retainer Medicine Improve Primary Care? Josh J. Umbehr Metrics 6 March 2012Volume 156, Issue 5Page: 399-400KeywordsConflicts of interestElectronic medical recordsForecastingHealth carePatientsPrevention, policy, and public healthPrimary careVision ePublished: 6 March 2012 Issue Published: 6 March 2012 CopyrightCopyright © 2012 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Number needed to screen: development of a statistic for disease screening
Authors: C. M Rembold
Journal: BMJ (1998)

<b>Objectives</b>: To develop the number needed to screen, a new statistic to overcome inappropriate national strategies for disease screening.Number needed to screen is defined as the number of people that need to be screened for a given duration to prevent one death or adverse event. <b>Design</b>: Number needed to screen was calculated from clinical trials that directly measured the effect of a screening strategy. From clinical trials that measured treatment benefit, the number needed to screen was estimated as the number needed to treat from the trial divided by the prevalence of heretofore unrecognised or untreated disease. Directly calculated values were then compared with estimate number needed to screen values. <b>Subjects</b>: Standard literature review. <b>Results</b>: For prevention of total mortality the most effective screening test was a lipid profile. The estimated number needed to screen for dyslipidaemia (low density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration &gt;4.14&nbsp;mmol/1) was 418&nbsp;if detection was followed by pravastatin treatment for 5&nbsp;years. This indicates that one death in 5&nbsp;years could be prevented by screening 418&nbsp;people. The estimated number needed to screen for hypertension was between 274&nbsp;and 1307&nbsp;for 5&nbsp;years (for 10&nbsp;mm&nbsp;Hg and 6&nbsp;mm&nbsp;Hg diastolic blood pressure reduction respectively) if detection was followed by treatment based on a diuretic. Screening with haemoccult testing and mammography significantly decreased cancer specific, but not total, mortality. The number needed to screen for haemoccult screening to prevent a death from colon cancer was 1374&nbsp;for 5&nbsp;years, and the number needed to screen for mammography to prevent a death from breast cancer was 2451&nbsp;for 5&nbsp;years for women aged 50-59. <b>Conclusion</b>: These data allow the clinician to prioritise screening strategies. Of the screening strategies evaluated, screening for, and treatment of, dyslipidaemia and hypertension seem to produce the largest clinical benefit.
Unenhanced Helical Computed Tomography in the Evaluation of Acute Flank Pain
Authors: Michael Hamm, Friedhelm Wawroschek, Dorothea Weckermann, Egbert Kn&ouml;pfle, Thomas H&auml;ckel, Hannes H&auml;user, Gunnar Krawczak, Rolf Harzmann
Journal: European Urology (2001)
Ulcerative Colitis and Abnormal Helper: Suppressor Cell Ratios in a Husband and Wife
Authors: D. KELLEHER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1985)

Letters and Corrections1 October 1985Ulcerative Colitis and Abnormal Helper: Suppressor Cell Ratios in a Husband and WifeD. KELLEHER, M.R.C.P.I., N. NOONAN, M.B., D. G. WEIR, MD., F.R.C.P.I.D. KELLEHER, M.R.C.P.I.Search for more papers by this author, N. NOONAN, M.B.Search for more papers by this author, D. G. WEIR, MD., F.R.C.P.I.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-103-4-635_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Although chronic inflammatory bowel disease is not classified as a genetically determined disease, numerous reports have stressed an increased incidence in families ranging from 3% to 35% (1). Reports of clustering among nonsiblings, however, are rare (2) and these cases may be chance occurrences. We report the occurrence of ulcerative colitis in a husband and wife who both had a reduced ratio of helper to suppressor T lymphocytes.Patient 1:A 46-year-old man presented in 1979 with a 3-year history of diarrhea with passage of blood and mucus through...References1. FARMERMICHENERMORTIMER RWE. Studies of family history among patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Clin Gastroenterol. 1980;9:271-8. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. WHORWELLEADEHOSSENBOCUSBAMFORTH POAJ. Crohn's disease in a husband and wife. Lancet. 1978;2:186-7. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. DHARPIDGEONBURTON JNA. Aids in a patient with Crohn's disease. Br Med J. 1984;288:1802-3. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. DEWAELETHIELEMANSVAN CAMP MCB. Characterization of immunoregulatory T cells in EBV-induced infectious mononucleosis by monoclonal antibodies. N Engl J Med. 1981;304:460-2. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Trinity College of Dublin and St. James's Hospital Dublin 8 Ireland PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByDesarrollo de enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal en ambos miembros de un matrimonio 1 October 1985Volume 103, Issue 4Page: 635-636KeywordsBloodDiarrheaGenetic diseasesInflammatory bowel diseaseLymphocytesMucusUlcerative colitis Issue Published: 1 October 1985 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Targeting of antigen to the herpesvirus entry mediator augments primary adaptive immune responses
Authors: Marcio O Lasaro, Nia Tatsis, Scott E Hensley, J Charles Whitbeck, Shih-Wen Lin, John J Rux, E John Wherry, Gary H Cohen, Roselyn J Eisenberg, Hildegund C Ertl
Journal: Nature Medicine (2008)