tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 2666: Insulin-like Growth Factor-I And Perfused Culture Independently Enhance Formation Of Tissue Engineered Cardiac Grafts
Authors: Mingyu Cheng, Matteo Moretti, George C Engelmayr, Lisa E Freed
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Tissue engineered cardiac grafts (TECG) have been proposed as a platform for systematic in vitro studies of complex stimuli that occur in vivo, and as a means to repair damaged or congenitally defective myocardium. However, clinical application of TECG is currently limited by suboptimal cardiomyocyte (CM) survival, differentiation, and contractility. We tested the hypothesis that insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF) and perfused culture can enhance formation of TECG. Method: Three-dimensional porous scaffolds were placed individually in either Petri dishes or the chamber of a novel modular, perfused bioreactor, seeded with primary neonatal rat heart cells, and cultured in 10 mL of media supplemented or not with 100 ng/mL of IGF for 8 days. Two-factor ANOVA was used to assess significant effects of IGF and perfusion acting individually and in concert. Results: IGF significantly enhanced contractile properties of TECG compared to unsupplemented controls, as assessed by contractile amplitude (p&lt;0.05) and excitation threshold (p&lt;0.01); IGF also significantly increased the amount of cardiac troponin-I (Tn-I) in TECG, as assessed by Western blot (p&lt;0.01). Perfusion significantly enhanced CM survival and metabolic activity in TECG compared to non-perfused controls, as assessed by TUNEL (p&lt;0.01) and MTT (p&lt;0.01) assays. CM elongation and myofibrillogenesis were readily observed in perfused TECG but were rare without perfusion, as assessed by immunostaining for cardiac Tn-I. Spontaneous contractility was present only in perfused TECG, although contractions could be induced by electrical field stimulation of TECG cultured both with and without perfusion. In concert, perfused culture in IGF-supplemented media significantly increased contractile amplitude by 450% and decreased excitation threshold by 50%, as compared to static culture in unsupplemented media. Effects of perfused culture and IGF on TECG were significant (p&lt;0.0001 for amplitude; p&lt;0.005 for threshold), independent, and additive, suggesting at least partially different cell activation mechanisms. Conclusion: Insulin-like growth factor-I and perfusion culture can improve the viability, differentiation, and contractility of cardiomyocytes in tissue engineered cardiac grafts.
Placebos in medicine
Authors: Zelda Di Blasi, David Reilly
Journal: BMJ (2004)

EDITOR—As Spiegel's editorial highlights,1 paradoxes around the placebo effect can be overcome by distinguishing between a dummy pill and the effects of thoughts, feelings, and human relationships.2

Placebos may seem like a less toxic solution than pharmacological treatments for functional or chronic conditions but this carries side effects—disrupt trust, and …
Airway reactivity to inhaled mannitol in young water pipe smokers
Authors: Jérome Schmidlin, Silvio Albisser, Michael Tamm, Daiana Stolz
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Background:  The inflammatory cascade related to water pipe (WP) smoking and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) remains unknown. We aimed to determine whether WP smoking is associated with AHR in young WP consumers.   Methods:  Mannitol challenge test (Aridol® Pharmaxis Ltd) was performed in acute (n=30) and chronic (n=30) WP smokers as well as cigarette smokers (CS, n=30) and life-long non-smokers (n=30). Acute exposition was defined a single episode of WP smoking ≤ 24 hours, chronic as a weekly consumption of WP for ≥ the last 4 weeks.   Results:  Data of 74 subjects has been analyzed so far (15 acute and 9 chronic WP smokers, 19 CS, 31 non-smokers). Mean age was 22.6±2.4 years, 51.4% male, mean FEV 1  3.76±0.70 (p=ns for all). CS had 5.9±3.2 PY; 35 (47.3%) had a positive allergy test. AHR to mannitol expressed by ≥15% fall in FEV1 was more common in CS (26.3%) as compared to the other groups (p=0.028). The provoking dose to induce a 15% fall in FEV1 (PD15), a measure of sensitivity, was 155mg [115-395] in CS vs 315 mg [155-475] in non-smokers. The response–dose ratio (RDR) (% fall in FEV1/cumulative dose), a measure of reactivity, differed between the groups and was higher in CS 0.023 [0.011–0.051], followed by chronic WP smokers 0.010 [0.007-0.015], acute WP smokers 0.011 [0.006-0.015], and non-smokers 0.007 [0.005-0.017], p=0.031. While RDR differed significantly between CS smokers and non-smokers (p=0.007) and acute WP smokers (p=0.025) it did not between CS and chronic WP smokers (p=0.118).   Conclusion:  Even modest amounts of cigarette smoking induce AHR to mannitol. Airway reactivity to mannitol is similarly increased in cigarette smokers and chronic water pipe smokers.
PRIMARY RESULT OF THE SECOND MULTICENTRE INTRAPLEURAL SEPSIS (MIST2) TRIAL; RANDOMISED TRIAL OF INTRAPLEURAL TPA AND DNASE IN PLEURAL INFECTION
Authors: N M Rahman, N Maskell, Davies Cwh., A West, R Teoh, A Arnold, D Peckham, N Ali, A Bentley, C I Mackinlay, W J Kinnear, J M Wrightson, H E Davies, R F Miller, Lee Ycg., E L Hedley, N Crosthwaite, L Choo, J Darbyshire, F V Gleeson, A J Nunn, Davies Rjo.
Journal: Thorax (2009)
Graft-versus-leukemia effect of donor lymphocyte transfusions in marrow grafted patients. European Group for Blood and Marrow Transplantation Working Party Chronic Leukemia [see comments]
Authors: HJ Kolb, A Schattenberg, JM Goldman, B Hertenstein, N Jacobsen, W Arcese, P Ljungman, A Ferrant, L Verdonck, D Niederwieser
Journal: Blood (1995)
Tuberculosis—Battling an Ancient Scourge
Authors: D Satcher
Journal: JAMA (1999)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Frequent Contamination of Pbsc Mobilized Using Chemotherapy and G-csf in Intermediate and High-grade Lymphomas, Even Without Bone-marrow Involvement
Authors: P. Martiat, Augustin Ferrant, Eric Van Den Neste, Marianne Philippe, S. Vandaele, Nicole Straetmans, M. Marevoet, Jl. Vaerman, Marc De Bruyère, Jl. Michaux
Journal: Blood (1994)
Motor Vehicle Crash Fatalities in States With Primary Versus Secondary Seat Belt Laws
Authors: Lois K. Lee, Michael C. Monuteaux, Lindsey C. Burghardt, Eric W. Fleegler, Lise E. Nigrovic, William P. Meehan, Sara A. Schutzman, Rebekah Mannix
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2015)

Motor vehicle crashes (MVCs) remain a leading cause of injury-related deaths in the United States. Primary seat belt laws allow vehicle occupants to be ticketed solely for not wearing seat belts, and secondary laws allow ticketing only for failure to wear seat belts in the setting of other violations.To determine the association between MVC fatality rates and primary versus secondary seat belt laws.Retrospective time-series analysis.United States, 2001 to 2010.MVC fatalities in occupants aged 10 years or older identified in the Fatality Analysis Reporting System.Population-based rates of fatal crashes.There were 283 183 MVC fatalities in occupants aged 10 years or older from 2001 to 2010 (overall rate, 13.0 per 100 000 persons). In 2001, the mean fatality rate was 14.6 per 100 000 persons, 16 states had primary seat belt laws, and 33 states had secondary laws. In 2010, the mean fatality rate was 9.7 per 100 000 persons, 30 states had primary seat belt laws, and 19 states had secondary laws. In the multivariate regression model, states with primary seat belt laws had lower MVC fatality rates than states with secondary laws (adjusted incidence rate ratio, 0.83 [95% CI, 0.78 to 0.90]).Only fatalities were analyzed from the database, and the degree of law enforcement could not be ascertained.States with primary seat belt laws had lower rates of MVC fatalities than those with secondary laws. Adoption of primary seat belt laws may offer optimal occupant protection.None.
Modulation of Presynaptic Release Probability by the Vertebrate-Specific Protein Mover
Authors: Christoph Körber, Heinz Horstmann, Varun Venkataramani, Frank Herrmannsdörfer, Thomas Kremer, Michaela Kaiser, Darius B. Schwenger, Saheeb Ahmed, Camin Dean, Thomas Dresbach, Thomas Kuner
Journal: Neuron (2015)
Prognosis of generalized bullous fixed drug eruption: comparison with Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis
Authors: S. Lipowicz, P. Sekula, S. Ingen-Housz-Oro, Y. Liss, B. Sassolas, A. Dunant, J.-C. Roujeau, M. Mockenhaupt
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2013)

Generalized bullous fixed drug eruption (GBFDE) is a rare cutaneous adverse reaction to drugs, and may resemble Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) or toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN), but is usually considered less severe.To compare the severity and mortality rate in cases of GBFDE and control cases of SJS or TEN of similar extent of skin detachment.This was a case-control analysis of 58 patients with GBFDE matched by age and extent of skin detachment to 170 control patients with a validated diagnosis of SJS or SJS/TEN overlap. Data for cases and controls were extracted from the EuroSCAR and RegiSCAR databases resulting from two population-based studies of severe cutaneous adverse reactions conducted in Europe. Preselected outcome criteria were death (primary), and fever, duration of hospitalization and transfer to an intensive care or burn unit (secondary).GBFDE affected mainly older patients (median age 78 years, interquartile range 68-84 years); 13 of 58 cases died (22%). The mortality rate was slightly but not significantly lower for patients with GBFDE than controls [28%, multivariate odds ratio 0·6 (95% confidence interval 0·30-1·4)]. Patients with GBFDE and controls did not differ in other preselected criteria for severity.Although our study featured limited statistical power, we were not able to confirm that GBFDE had better prognosis than SJS or SJS/TEN of similar disease extent in older patients. Severe cases of GBFDE deserve the attention and active management given to patients with SJS or TEN.
Abstract 715: Pseudotyped AAV Vectors in Combination with the Cardiac Troponin-T Promoter Dramatically Accelerate the Onset of Cardiac-Specific Gene Expression After Direct Injection into Adult Murine Myocardium
Authors: Konkal-Matt R Prasad, Yaqin Xu, Zequan Yang, Stuart S Berr, Brent A French
Journal: Circulation (2006)

Introduction:  AAV2 suffers from a prolonged lag phase (up to 6 wks) before full expression after injection into adult myocardium. Newly-isolated AAV serotypes 1, 6 & 8 provide early onset expression after IV injection. We hypothesized that packaging AAV2 DNA in capsids from serotypes 1, 6 or 8 would overcome the lag phase seen after injection into the LV wall.   Methods:  An AAV2 ITR-based vector carrying firefly luciferase under control of the cardiac troponin-T promoter (AcTnTLuc) was packaged into capsids from AAV serotypes 1, 2, 6 & 8 (AAV2/1, 2/2, 2/6 & 2/8). 5E+ 10 viral particles were injected into the LV wall of adult mice (n = 4/group) and transgene expression was monitored by  in vivo  bioluminescence (IVIS, Xenogen Corp),  in vitro  luciferase assays and immunostains for luciferase.   Results:  At Day 7 post-injection,  in vivo  light output from hearts injected with AAV2/2 was no different from background (p = NS, Panel A), whereas it had reached steady state levels in hearts injected with AAV2/1, 2/6 & 2/8. At Day 14, light output was 670x higher in AAV2/1, 1820x higher in AAV2/6 and 3070x higher in AAV2/8 than in AAV2/2-injected mice (p  in vitro  luciferase assays confirmed that luciferase was largely restricted to the heart. Luciferase immunostains of AAV2/8 hearts indicated high efficiency transduction (Panel B).   Conclusions:  Capsids from AAV serotypes 1, 6 or 8 are far more efficient for cardiac gene delivery than AAV2, as evidenced by early onset and high-level gene expression. The use of tissue-specific promoters in combination with highly efficient AAV capsids further enhances the potential of AAV vectors for animal experiments and human gene therapy protocols.
Committee exists to monitor agreements on tobacco advertising
Authors: C. Whitmore
Journal: BMJ (1996)

high; the standard mortality ratio was 1-42, which is much lower than that in recently published community based studies (one British,2 one American3) and similar to that in hospital based series after six years' treatment with levodopa.4Olanow and colleagues also state that the dose of levodopa was fixed in arm 2 and not adjusted to clinical need; if they read our paper's patients and methods section they will see that the dose in both arms of the trial was regulated to obtain optimum improvement.Mark T Silva and colleagues comment on the causes of death listed in table 3. Inaccuracy of death certificates is well recognised and presents particular problems in elderly people.All entries on the death certificates were coded from the
Prospective longitudinal measurements of N2 multiple breath washout indices in primary ciliary dyskinesia
Authors: Helene Kobbernagel, Kent Green, Astrid Madsen, Frederik Buchvald, Jakob Ejlertsen, Per Gustafsson, Kim Gjerum Nielsen
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Background:  Previous studies of multiple breath washout (MBW) indices (lung clearance index (LCI), Sacin*VT and Scond*VT) in primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) have demonstrated abnormal values in about 85%, 96% and 78%, respectively, - even with spirometric values within the normal range. Long term variability of N 2  MBW indices in PCD has not been reported, although important for the use and interpretation of N 2  MBW indices in the clinical management and as outcome measures in interventional studies.   Aims and objectives:  To assess the overall change in N 2  MBW indices during one year and estimate the within- and between-occasion variability in PCD.   Methods:  N 2  MBW (Exhalyzer D, Eco Medics AG) in triplets and standard spirometry were prospectively assessed on three occasions over one year. Occasions with less than two acceptable MBW measurements were excluded.   Results:  Twenty-six PCD patients, aged 6-18 years (median 12.8) performed 76 N 2  MBW test occasions of which 72 (95%) were included. Baseline mean (SD) FEV 1  % predicted: 84.8 (11.3); LCI: 9.8 (1.9); Sacin*VT: 0.15 (0.08); and Scond*VT: 0.06 (0.02). Within-occasion SD / CV% (95% CI) of LCI were 0.63 (0.55; 0.70) / 6.6% (6.0%; 7.2%). Scond*VT significantly improved over the study period.   Conclusions:  This study reports estimates of short- and long term variability of N 2  MBW indices in a cohort of paediatric PCD patients, which is essential for future studies in PCD with MBW indices as outcome measures.
Children with severe asthma can start allergen immunotherapy after controlling asthma with omalizumab
Authors: Iwona Stelmach, Joanna Jerzynska, Katarzyna Smejda
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Background:We assessed the clinical effectiveness of omalizumab maintenance treatment in children and adolescents with severe asthma. We paid attention to children with severe asthma who did not tolerate the allergen immunotherapy prior to the initiation of omalizumab.  Methods: This was real-life, open-label, uncontrolled, observational study. All 17 patients, aged 7-18 years, had severe uncontrolled IgE-dependent asthma and fulfilled the criteria for anti-IgE therapy. None of the participants had a contraindication for anti-IgE therapy. All of these patients had multiple allergies. At each visit (every 2-4 weeks), the number ]of exacerbations and hospitalizations, the use of inhaled corticosteroids for asthma control and lung function was evaluated.  The study was approved by the Medical Ethical Committee of the Medical University of Lodz.  Results: Treatment with omalizumab was clinically effective in all patients: the frequencyof exacerbations and the number of hospitalizations were reduced, and there was a significant decrease in steroid use. After 12 months of therapy, we observed a reduction in the daily doses of inhaled glucocorticosteroids with a minimum of 20% and a maximum of 80% among all patients; most patients achieved a 50% reduction in ICS use. During treatment with omalizumab, immunotherapy was introduced in 12 patients (70.6%) and has been successfully continued.  Conclusion: This real-life study showed that pretreatment with omalizumab should be specifically considered in children with severe allergic asthma to prevent asthma deterioration/exacerbation, which allows the safe and effective maintenance of allergen immunotherapy (ITA).
Azacitidine Treatment For Patients With Myelodysplastic Syndromes and Acute Myeloid Leukemia Harboring Chromosome 3q Abnormalities
Authors: Anne Wanquet, Celine Berthon, Marie Sebert, Clémence Roux, Austin Kulasekararaj, Jean-Baptiste Micol, Raphael Itzykson, Sylvain Thepot, Christian Recher, Jacques Delaunay, Francois Dreyfus, Ghulam J. Mufti, Pierre Fenaux, Norbert Vey, Thomas Prebet
Journal: Blood (2013)
Ligation of CD180 inhibits IFN-α signaling in a Lyn-PI3K-BTK-dependent manner in B cells
Authors: Ming You, Guanjun Dong, Fanlin Li, Feiya Ma, Jing Ren, Yujun Xu, Huimin Yue, Ruijing Tang, Deshan Ren, Yayi Hou
Journal: Cellular and Molecular Immunology (2015)
Abstract 12974: Primary Prevention of Sudden Cardiac Death in Women
Authors: Stephanie Chiuve, Kathryn Rexrode, Donna Spiegelman, Meir Stampfer, Christine Albert
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Background: Sudden cardiac death (SCD) accounts for over half of all cardiac deaths, and the majority occur as the first manifestation of heart disease, especially among women. Primary preventive s...
Abstract 17361: An Optimized Human Apyrase Substantially Decreases Infarct Size Without Bleeding Time Prolongation after Coronary Fibrinolysis in Dogs and Coronary Ligation and Release in Mice
Authors: Dana Abendschein, Douglas Moeckel, Xiaofeng Sun, Annie Nguyen, Soonseog Jeong, Simon Robson, Ridong Chen
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Introduction: Early coronary reperfusion by percutaneous coronary intervention or pharmacologic fibrinolysis attenuates myocardial infarction, but thrombotic reocclusion and reperfusion injury limit the benefits of intervention. Standard-of-care conjunctive agents including aspirin, heparin and clopidogrel increase bleeding, and have unproven benefit in attenuating reperfusion injury. Objectives: This study tested whether an optimized human recombinant apyrase (APT102), which degrades circulating ATP and ADP causing inhibition of platelet activation and generation of cardioprotective adenosine, will more effectively and safely decrease infarction. Methods: Conscious dogs had coronary thrombotic occlusion induced by electrical current and fibrinolysis with IV rt-PA (Activase, 1 mg/kg) an average of 91min after ischemia; while anesthetized C57BL/6J mice had coronary ligation followed by release of ligation after 60 min. Animals received either clopidogrel (4-10 mg/kg, PO) or IV APT102 (1.0 mg/kg) 45-50 min after ischemia with heparin and aspirin, or saline as the control in dogs and mice, respectively. Bleeding times were measured serially by precision cuts to the inner lip for dogs and by immersing the incised tip of the tail in saline for mice. Ischemic ‘risk’ zone (Evan's blue perfusion) and infarcted myocardial tissue (TTC staining) were quantified after 24 h by planimetry of transverse heart sections. Results: Reocclusion occurred in all clopidogrel-treated dogs (n=6), but was universally prevented in dogs given APT102 (n=6, p&lt;0.05). All groups had similar ischemic risk zones, but infarction as a percent of the risk zone was 23 ±4% for clopidogrel-treated compared to 3 ± 2% for APT102-treated dogs (p&lt;0.05). Infarction was decreased by 50% in mice given APT102, but was not affected by clopidogrel pretreatment. Bleeding times were increased significantly by clopidogrel compared with APT102. In mice given APT102 after clopidogrel, the bleeding time prolongation was decreased significantly. Conclusions: APT102 prevents reocclusion and decreases infarct size after coronary fibrinolysis and/or reperfusion without increasing bleeding. APT102 warrants further study as a conjunctive agent to optimize reperfusion therapy.
Abstract 4443: The tumor suppressive small GTPase DiRas1 binds the RhoGEF SmgGDS and antagonizes RhoA activation
Authors: Andrew D. Hauser, Kristen M. Barr, Anne C. Frei, Patrick Gonyo, Ellen L. Lorimer, Carol L. Williams, Carmen Bergom
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract A number of malignancies are promoted by the activation of Rho GTPases. Regulators of RhoA activity, including the RhoGEF, SmgGDS, can also promote cancer development. Both RhoA and SmgGDS have been shown to enhance NF-ĸB activation in a number of tumors. Utilizing mass spectrometry, we identified the tumor suppressive small GTPase DiRas1 as a novel binding partner for SmgGDS. DiRas1 is a tumor suppressor in malignant gliomas and esophageal squamous cell carcinomas. Examining DiRas gene expression using the ONCOMINE mRNA microarray database (www.oncomine.org) revealed that DIRAS1 and DIRAS2 are markedly decreased in central nervous system tumors, including anaplastic astrocytomas and GBMs, when compared to normal tissue. The role of DiRas1 in other cancers is largely undetermined, and the ways in which DiRas1 may antagonize pro-oncogenic small GTPase signaling is largely unknown. To define how DiRas1 expression may affect SmgGDS functions, we tested the association of DiRas family proteins with SmgGDS. SmgGDS robustly bound wildtype DiRas1, and its closely-related family member DiRas2, but only weakly bound DiRas3 in vitro and in cell lines. In addition, DiRas1, DiRas2, or DiRas3 protein expression decreased proliferation of HEK293T cells. DiRas1 expression could promote less activated RhoA, as a low level of DiRas1 expression caused markedly decreased RhoA-SmgGDS binding in a number of cell lines. DiRas1 expression also abrogated SmgGDS- and RhoA-mediated NF-ĸB activation in a concentration-dependent manner. SmgGDS may exhibit GEF activity toward DiRas1, as a dominant negative DiRas1 (S21N) binds to SmgGDS more than the wildtype protein. However, DiRas1 is predominantly GTP-bound in cells, likely due to a high rate of guanine nucleotide dissociation and low intrinsic GTPase activity. Thus, DiRas1 expression may in part promote tumor suppression by non-productively binding SmgGDS, resulting in less RhoA activity. Taken together, these results suggest that the tumor suppressive small GTPase DiRas1 can antagonize RhoA signaling by competing for binding of the RhoGEF SmgGDS. Further characterizing these actions may lead to novel therapeutic targeting of RhoA activation in cancer malignancies. Citation Format: Andrew D. Hauser, Kristen M. Barr, Anne C. Frei, Patrick Gonyo, Ellen L. Lorimer, Carol L. Williams, Carmen Bergom. The tumor suppressive small GTPase DiRas1 binds the RhoGEF SmgGDS and antagonizes RhoA activation. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 4443. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-4443