tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Adjuvant therapy after curative resection for gastric cancer: meta-analysis of randomized trials.
Authors: J Hermans, J J Bonenkamp, M C Boon, A M Bunt, S Ohyama, M Sasako, C J Van de Velde
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1993)

An overview is presented of reports published since 1980, in which postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy is compared with surgery alone for patients with gastric cancer. A MEDLINE literature review yielded 123 reports, 14 of which were relevant randomized trials; data from 11 of these trials were (or became) available for analysis of crude mortality odds. These 11 trials included 2,096 patients.Odds ratios were calculated by comparing the adjuvant treatment arm with the observation-only arm. Those odds ratios that could be considered homogeneous yielded an estimated common odds ratio of 0.88 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.78 to 1.08), which was slightly, but far from significantly, in support of adjuvant treatment.The results confirm the common opinion that the adjuvant chemotherapy regimens prescribed in these trials, although effective in phase II studies, do not improve survival. Furthermore they indicate that postoperative chemotherapy in general offers no additional survival benefit for patients with curatively resected gastric cancer.In conclusion, at present, postoperative chemotherapy cannot be considered as standard adjuvant treatment. New trials of adjuvant therapy for gastric cancer must include a no-treatment control arm.
10-Year Results After Sector Resection With or Without Postoperative Radiotherapy for Stage I Breast Cancer: A Randomized Trial
Authors: G. Liljegren, L. Holmberg, J. Bergh, A. Lindgren, L. Tabár, H. Nordgren, H.O. Adami
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1999)

PURPOSE: To study the long-term effectiveness of postoperative radiotherapy after sector resection for breast cancer in a randomized trial in which mammography is a major pathway to diagnosis. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Three hundred eighty-one women with a unifocal breast cancer ≤ 20 mm in diameter on the preoperative mammogram and without histopathologic signs of axillary metastases were treated by sector resection plus axillary dissection. Of these patients, 184 women were randomized to receive postoperative radiotherapy to the breast (XRT group), and 197 women received no further treatment (non-XRT group). RESULTS: The local recurrence rate was 8.5% (95% confidence interval [CI], 3.9% to 13.1%) in the XRT group and 24.0% (95% CI, 17.6% to 30.4%) in the non-XRT group (P = .0001). Survival free from regional and distant recurrence was 83.3% in the XRT group (95% CI, 77.5% to 89.1%) and 80.0% in the non-XRT group (95% CI, 73.9% to 86.1%) (P = .23). Overall survival was 77.5% in the XRT group (95% CI, 70.9% to 84.1%) and 78% in the non-XRT group (95% CI, 71.7% to 84.3%) (P = .99). A subgroup analysis suggested that women older than 55 years of age without comedo or lobular carcinomas had a low risk of local recurrence of 6.1% (95% CI, 0.1% to 9.1%) in the XRT-group and 11.0% (4.0% to 18.0%) in the non-XRT group (P = .16). CONCLUSION: Sector resection plus radiotherapy resulted in an absolute reduction in local recurrence of 16% at 10 years compared with surgery alone. Women older than 55 years of age without comedo or lobular carcinomas may have a low risk of local recurrence. Postoperative radiotherapy was not shown to reduce distant recurrences or improve overall survival.
Sensitive detection of occult breast cancer by the reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction.
Authors: Y H Datta, P T Adams, W R Drobyski, S P Ethier, V H Terry, M S Roth
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1994)

Detection of occult carcinoma in patients with breast cancer may aid the establishment of prognosis and development of new therapeutic approaches. To improve on existing methods of detection, we have developed a reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay for keratin 19 (K19) transcripts to identify mammary carcinoma cells in the peripheral blood and bone marrow of patients with breast cancer.Peripheral-blood or bone marrow samples obtained from 34 patients with stages I to IV breast cancer and 39 control subjects without breast cancer were screened for K19 mRNA by nested primer PCR.In reconstitution experiments, K19 RT-PCR reliably detected 10 mammary carcinoma cells in 1 million normal peripheral-blood mononuclear (PBMN) cells. Four of 19 patients with stage IV breast cancer had detectable K19 transcript in peripheral blood. Five of six patients with histologically negative bone marrow biopsies following preablative chemotherapy and before autologous bone marrow transplant (BMT) were positive by this assay. Stem-cell apheresis harvests obtained from one of these patients and three additional patients immediately before BMT were all K19-negative. K19 RT-PCR analysis of CSF from a breast cancer patient with known carcinomatous meningitis was also positive. Thirty-eight of 39 non-breast cancer patients had negative K19 RT-PCR assays. The one exception was a patient with chronic myelogenous leukemia.RT-PCR of K19 is a sensitive, specific, and rapid method for detection of occult mammary carcinoma cells in the peripheral blood and bone marrow of patients with breast cancer. The presence of residual breast cancer cells in histologically normal bone marrow aspirates but not in stem-cell apheresis harvests is a frequent finding. This assay may be useful in diagnosing metastatic disease, as well as in monitoring the effectiveness of systemic therapy.
Methylphenidate and caffine in the treatment of children with minimal brain dysfunction
Authors: B D Garfinkel, C D Webster, L Sloman
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1975)

In this double-blind, crossover study of 8 boys with minimal brain dysfunction, 20 mg of methylphenidate daily was significantly better than 160 mg of caffeine in controlling behavior, especially impulsivity and hyperactivity, and methylphenidate alone was superior to decaffeinated coffee and placebo. The tentative results of this study confirm the primary position of sympathomimetics in the pharmacotherapy of minimal brain dysfunction and, in addition, suggest the involvement of dopamine pathways in this disorder. The authors urge further study of this hypothesis.
The impact of body mass index (BMI) and body surface area (BSA) on treatment outcome to vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-targeted therapy in metastatic renal cell carcinoma: Results from a large international collaboration.
Authors: T. K. Choueiri, W. Xie, C. K. Kollmannsberger, B. I. Rini, D. F. McDermott, J. J. Knox, D. Y. Heng
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

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The mosaic genome structure and phylogeny of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O104:H4 is driven by short-term adaptation
Authors: K. Zhou, M. Ferdous, R.F. de Boer, A.M.D. Kooistra-Smid, H. Grundmann, A.W. Friedrich, J.W.A. Rossen
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2014)
THE RESPONSIBILITY OF THE HOSPITAL STAFF IN GRADUATE MEDICAL EDUCATION
Authors: Frank J. Sladen
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1941)

Article1 July 1941THE RESPONSIBILITY OF THE HOSPITAL STAFF IN GRADUATE MEDICAL EDUCATIONFRANK J. SLADEN, M.D., F.A.C.P.FRANK J. SLADEN, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-15-1-108 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptIt is a noteworthy fact that graduate medical education has grown in interest to the extent that responsibility for its careful planning and most effective application is now one of the foremost problems of the medical profession. The demand that educational opportunities be provided for all graduates is an equal partner with the need of making them want them and use them when they are provided. Practice, general and special, need not be criticised for this. For the progress in clinical medicine and in the related basic medical sciences is marching ahead with a rapidity overwhelming to the man who... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: FRANK J. SLADEN, M.D., F.A.C.P.Affiliations: Detroit, Michigan*Read at the Boston meeting of the American College of Physicians, April 21, 1941. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 July 1941Volume 15, Issue 1 Page: 108-115 Keywords Graduate medical education ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 July 1941 PDF downloadLoading ...
In search of the ultimate evidence: The fastest visual reaction adapts to environment, not retinal locations
Authors: Boris M. Velichkovsky, Sebastian Pannasch
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2001)

The sensorimotor account of perception is akin to Gibsonian direct realism. Both emphasize external properties of the world, challenging views based on the analysis of internal visual processing. To compare the role of distal and retinotopic parameters, distractor effect – an optomotor reaction of midbrain origin – is considered. Even in this case, permanence in the environment, not on the retina, explains the dynamics of habituation.
Mechanism of ancrod anticoagulation
Authors: Salvatore V. Pizzo, Martin L. Schwartz, Robert L. Hill, Patrick A. McKee
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1972)

Fibrin formed in response to ancrod, reptilase, or thrombin was reduced by beta-mercaptoethanol and examined by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. It was found that ancrod progressively and totally digested the alpha-chains of fibrin monomers at sites different than plasmin; however, further digestion of fibrin monomers by either reptilase or thrombin was not observed. Highly purified ancrod did not activate fibrin-stabilizing factor (FSF); however, the reptilase preparation used in these experiments, like thrombin, activated FSF and thereby promoted cross-link formation. Fibrin, formed by clotting purified human fibrinogen with ancrod, reptilase, or thrombin for increasing periods of time in the presence of plasminogen, was incubated with urokinase and observed for complete lysis. Fibrin formed by ancrod was strikingly more vulnerable to plasmin digestion than was fibrin formed by reptilase or thrombin. The lysis times for fibrin formed for 2 hr by ancrod, reptilase, or thrombin were 18, 89, and 120 min, respectively. Evidence was also obtained that neither ancrod nor reptilase activated human plasminogen. These results indicate that fibrin formed by ancrod is not cross-linked and has significantly degraded alpha-chains: as expected, ancrod-formed fibrin is markedly susceptible to digestion by plasmin.
Do microarrays match up?
Authors: Joanna Owens
Journal: Nature Reviews Drug Discovery (2005)

DNA-damage response and that a deficiency of ATM sensitizes cells to retrovirus-induced cell death.ATM helps to repair DNA damage caused by viral integration in the host-cell genome and is therefore essential to the survival of infected cells.Furthermore, treating HIV-1infected cells with an ATM-specific small-molecule inhibitor, KU-55933 (not effective in targeting ATR), led to increased cell death and suppression of both wild-type and drug-resistant HIV-1 replication.If effective in animal and clinical studies, ATM inhibitors could provide a new class of anti-HIV inhibitors.However, an important and outstanding question is whether or not inhibition of ATM will be associated with the same safety issues as the genetic disease.The effect of ATM kinase inhibition is likely to be less dramatic than the complete absence of ATM protein. Melanie Brazil
Phenacetin-Induced Hemolytic Anemia
Authors: J Millar, R Péloquin, N K De Leeuw
Journal: JAMA (1963)

The hematological features of phenacetin-induced hemolytic anemia are presented in order to make the physician aware of the abnormalities which suggest the use of an oxidant drug. The presence of "bitten out" red cells is the commonest initial clue to the existence of drug-induced hemolytic anemia. The diagnosis is confirmed by the demonstration of Heinz bodies and sulfhemoglobinemia. Early recognition of this form of drug-abuse may avert the development or progression of analgesic nephropathy.
Dietary Sodium Intake and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease—Reply
Authors: Andreas P. Kalogeropoulos, Vasiliki V. Georgiopoulou, Stephen B. Kritchevsky
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
STUDIES ON THE PHYSIOLOGY OF THE PARATHYROID GLANDS
Authors: Fuller Albright, Walter Bauer, Jessie Reed Cockrill, Read Ellsworth
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1931)

The conclusions suggested from Part II are: B. As the serum calcium varies between the level in the normal state and that in the hyperparathyroid state, the phosphorus varies in such a way that the product of Ca X P remains about constant, except that, TABLE 4 Data from patient with postoperative hypoparathyroidism showing effect of parathormone medication on serum calcium and serum phosphorus Date 1930
Body Iron Stores, Infection, and Risk of Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Michael Rabinoff DO
Journal: Circulation (1999)

To the Editor:The intriguing article by Jono et al 1 suggests that long-term supplementation with vitamin D for postmenopausal osteoporosis may increase vascular calcification.This is not a new concept 2 and raises important and practical issues.Alendronate, an inhibitor of osteoclast-mediated bone resorption, is widely promoted for the treatment and prevention of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. 3 This group of women
Burden and Distress of Caregivers of Patients (Pts) on Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors (Tki) for Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors (Gist): a Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: S.M.C.H. Langenberg,, A.N.M. Wymenga, A.K.L. Reyners, C. van Herpen, J.B. Prins, W.T.A. van der Graaf
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2014)
Saturated Fats Compared With Unsaturated Fats and Sources of Carbohydrates in Relation to Risk of Coronary Heart Disease
Authors: Yanping Li, Adela Hruby, Adam M. Bernstein, Sylvia H. Ley, Dong D. Wang, Stephanie E. Chiuve, Laura Sampson, Kathryn M. Rexrode, Eric B. Rimm, Walter C. Willett, Frank B. Hu
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2015)
Changes in airway and lung tissue mechanics in aspiration-induced lung injury: Differentiation of direct and indirect mechanisms in a porcine model
Authors: Gergely Fodor, Barna Babik, Daniel Erces, Adam Balogh, Marianna Balazs, Ferenc Petak
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Aspiration of gastric content deteriorates lung function directly by epithelial cell damage and/or by indirect effects related to neurohumoral pathways. To distinguish these distinct effects, the two main bronchi were selectively intubated in anaesthetized, thoracotomized, mechanically ventilated pigs while PEEP of 4 (n=7) or 10 cmH 2 O (n=6) was maintained. The right lung was then provoked by instilling 0.5 ml/kg gastric juice (pH=2), while the left lung remained unaffected. Pulmonary input impedance (ZL) was measured separately in both lungs before aspiration and for 120 min thereafter. Airway resistance (Raw), tissue damping (G) and elastance (H) were derived from the ZL spectra for both lungs by model fitting. Marked transient elevations in Raw, G and H were observed in the affected lung with peak increases occurring at 5-15 min. These increases were greater with PEEP 4 than PEEP 10 in the challenged right lung (Raw: 213±130[SE]% vs. 61±39%, G: 638±362% vs. 267±259%, H: 302±188% vs. 49±50%; p  Grant support: OTKA K81179, TAMOP 4.2.2.A-11/1/KONV-2012-0052.
Poster presentations
Authors: P.H. Milliken, R.M. Wadsworth
Journal: Thorax (2002)

We have recently reported an excess of cases of organ specific autoimmune diseases amongst patients with idiopathic chronic cough and have suggested that the cough may be due to homing of activated lymphocytes from the primary site of autoimmune inflammation to the lung.We tested this hypothesis in comparative immunopathology study of 19 patients with idiopathic chronic cough recruited over a two year period (mean age 54y, 79% female, mean duration of cough 2y), 11 healthy subjects and 14 patients with explained chronic cough of similar severity.Organ specific autoimmune disease was present in six of idiopathic cough patients (32%) but no normals/ explained cough subjects.All subjects had a bronchoscopy, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and bronchial biopsy using standard techniques.We obtained cytospins from the BAL for a differential cell count and studied BAL T-cell status (CD4/8), activation (CD103, CD25, CD49a, HLA-DR) and chemokine receptors (CCR3,5,6,11, CXCR3) using 3-colour flow cytometry.Bronchial biopsies were embedded in glycolmethacrylate and immunohistochemistry for CD3,4,8 (lymphocytes), CD14 (monocytes), CD45 (leukocytes), CD56 (NK cells), EG2 (eosinophils), Neutrophil Elastase (neutrophils), AA1 (mast cells), Interferon-γ, IL5, 3H4(IL4) was performed.The mean (SEM) BAL differential lymphocyte count was 6.8 (1.3)% in normals, 15.1 (2.6)% in idiopathic cough (mean difference from normals 8.3%; 95% Confidence Interval 1.6 to 15.0; p<0.02) and 7.0(1.7)% in explained cough.The proportion of BAL T-cells expressing CD4 was similar in all three groups and there were no differences in activation status of T-cells or chemokine receptor expression.CD56 and IFNγ expression in biopsies (cells/mm 2 submucosa) were reduced in subjects with idiopathic cough compared to normals and subjects with explained cough (p=0.03 and 0.047: Kruskal-Wallis).EG2 and 3H4 expression were raised in explained cough (p=0.02& 0.03) but there were no differences in expression of CD3 and other markers between groups.In conclusion, we have made a novel observation of lymphocytic bronchoalveolar inflammation in patients with idiopathic chronic cough.The association with organ specific autoimmune disease suggests that this might be due to homing of activated lymphocytes from primary sites of autoimmune inflammation or a hitherto unrecognised autoimmune bronchitis.Further studies are required to investigate the interaction between T-cells and the cough reflex.T2
Cognitive behavioral treatment of residual symptoms in primary major depressive disorder
Authors: G A Fava, S Grandi, M Zielezny, R Canestrari, M A Morphy
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1994)

Cognitive behavioral treatment has been used extensively in the acute phase of depression. The purpose of this study was to determine the applicability and effectiveness of this treatment modality in addressing the residual symptoms of primary major depressive illness.The subjects were 40 patients with major depressive disorder who were successfully treated with antidepressant drugs. They were then randomly assigned to either cognitive behavioral treatment or clinical management of residual symptoms. In both subgroups, antidepressant drugs were tapered and discontinued.The group that received cognitive behavioral treatment had a significantly lower level of residual symptoms after drug discontinuation in comparison with the clinical management group. Cognitive behavioral treatment also resulted in a lower rate of relapse (15%) at a 2-year follow-up than did clinical management (35%), although this difference did not reach statistical significance. Most of the residual symptoms were found to have occurred also in the prodromal phase of illness.This preliminary study points to the potential clinical advantages of cognitive behavioral treatment targeted to the residual symptoms of depression.
Review blocked by English health secretary backs sugar tax to tackle obesity
Authors: Adrian O’Dowd
Journal: BMJ (2015)

Public Health England will support the introduction of a tax on drinks sweetened with sugar, but only as one way of tackling childhood obesity after other more effective steps have been taken, MPs have been told.

Nutrition experts appearing before the House of Commons Health Committee during an evidence session held on 20 October as part of its inquiry into the government’s imminent childhood obesity strategy discussed the pros and cons of such a tax.

In July the BMA called for a 20% tax on sugary drinks to help tackle obesity and diet related health problems.1

Alison Tedstone, director of diet and obesity at Public Health England, giving evidence, said that, although she could not show the committee the agency’s review of evidence on how best to reduce the population’s sugar intake, which is currently unpublished and sitting with the government, she could share some details of it. A week ago the chair of the Health …
Are axillary recurrence and overall survival affected by axillary extranodal tumor extension in breast cancer? Implications for radiation therapy.
Authors: C Leonard, M Corkill, J Tompkin, B Zhen, D Waitz, L Norton, J Kinzie
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1995)

PURPOSE To determine the overall survival and local recurrence significance of axillary lymph node extranodal tumor extension (ETE) and whether axillary/chest-wall irradiation influenced any of these outcomes. MATERIALS AND METHODS The records of 81 breast cancer patients treated with radical or modified radical mastectomy at a single surgical practice were eligible for study. Thirty-four patients had ETE: 17 with focal ETE (&lt; 10 x high-power field) and 17 with extensive ETE (&gt; 10 x high-power field). RESULTS With a median follow-up duration of 92 months, only two patients had an axillary recurrence (2%): one had focal ETE and one had no ETE. Neither of these patients received axillary radiation therapy. Overall survival and recurrence-free survival were significantly decreased with ETE in patients whether axillary radiation therapy had been administered or not. Analysis showed that the age of the patient correlated significantly with extensive ETE (P = .04) and that the number of positive lymph nodes (&lt; or = three v &gt; three) correlated significantly with ETE (whether focal or extensive) (P = .0001). A multivariate analysis of extranodal tumor extension and number of positive lymph nodes showed that ETE was associated with decreased survival (P = .05), although to a lesser degree than number of positive lymph nodes (P = .003). CONCLUSION These results show that ETE is associated with decreased survival and increased recurrence rates regardless of the extent of the radiation therapy field. Also, ETE does not necessarily indicate a significantly increased incidence of axillary recurrence. Therefore, axillary irradiation based on this pathologic finding may not be indicated.