tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Investigating easy bruising in a child
Authors: J. A. M. Anderson, A. E. Thomas
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Differentiating “normal” from “abnormal” bruising in a child depends on careful history taking and appropriate investigations

#### Learning points

An eight month old white boy is seen by his general practitioner with a sore throat and a temperature. The GP notes several easily visible bruises on the lateral aspect of his left temple, and on examining his chest notes bruises on his left upper arm and left lumbar region. On questioning, both parents independently state that there is no history of trauma or injury and that the bruises occurred spontaneously over the past two weeks. Both parents are anxious and upset. The GP is concerned about a child with a high fever and bruising, and after discussion with the on-call paediatric registrar the child is referred to the paediatric accident and emergency department.

The investigations to be performed in a child with easy bruising depend on a carefully taken personal and family history to attempt to differentiate “normal” from “abnormal” bruising.1 2 3 A negative history of bleeding in a …
"THE NEED OF TEACHING MEDICAL ETHICS"
Authors: Samuel W. Lambert
Journal: JAMA (1927)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —At the Annual Congress on Medical Education, February 14, in an address on "The Need of Teaching Medical Ethics," printed inThe Journal, February 26, Dr. Arthur Dean Bevan, the chairman, says: This problem [the prescribing of alcohol] has become a serious one because, in the propaganda against prohibition, a well organized group in the profession, in spite of the liberality of the government in regard to the amount of whisky which the medical man can prescribe for patients, has taken the position that the amount should not be limited and the physician should be permitted to prescribe any amount which he deems necessary. And then Dr. Bevan asks,<i>"Is this not a case for the application of sound medical ethics?"</i> This, without much attempt at concealment, is apparently aimed against the Association for the Protection of Constitutional Rights and those associated in the effort to have
Comparison of effect of alfa interferon in italian patients with cryptogenetic chronic active hepatitis and in patients with posttransfusion chronic active hepatitis non A non B
Authors: P. Marcellin, R. Cerini, E. Ginstra, G. Cozzolino, N. Bover, M. Dionisio, L. Cacciatore, J.P. Benhamou
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1989)
Lung function of farmers in England and Wales.
Authors: R F Heller, D M Hayward, M T Farebrother
Journal: Thorax (1986)

A study was performed to compare respiratory symptoms and lung function measurements in a sample of male farmers and farmworkers in different regions of England and Wales with the results obtained in a similar number of control men working in industries in the same areas. A total of 428 farmers and farmworkers drawn from 146 farms were studied. The prevalence of symptoms of chronic bronchitis assessed by the Medical Research Council questionnaire did not differ between farmers and controls. Farmers were older, taller, and heavier than controls; were less likely to smoke; and had significantly higher forced vital capacity (FVC). When each of these factors was taken into account, together with social class and geographical region, in a multiple linear regression analysis farmers were found to have significantly lower forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) and forced mid expiratory flow rate (FEF25-75). Among the farmers, those doing dairy farming and silage work were the only groups on their own to have significantly reduced lung function. The results of this survey suggest the need for further exploration of the mechanism of an effect of farming occupations on lung function.
Average neointimal tissue proliferation after stenting cannot be predicted from clinical or angiographic variables: an intravascular ultrasound study
Authors: Francois Schiele, Mustafa Kemal Batur, Nicolas Meneveau, Pradip Sewoke, Marie-France Seronde, Pin-Ming Liu, Sanjiv Gupla, Jean-Pierre L. Bassand
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
To What Extent does the Influence of Position during the Act of Micturition Affect the Formation of Urinary Calculus?
Authors: R. W. Barnes
Journal: BMJ (1883)

Juim 30, ISM] ToE AItrDia MgVtICLA'?Bt AL. -1281 abdomen, which wag sotnewhat swelled; but was quite able to give a connected account of the accident.Turpentine stupes were applied to the abdomen, and thirty minims of tincture of opium given.At 8 rP'; an enema was given, and he passed a small stool without blood.At 12 A'has., he -passed another small stool,, dark, mostly fluid, and containing blood.His stools after that night were normal and regular; they were examined for
TREATMENT OF INFLUENZAL PNEUMONIA BY CITRATED TRANSFUSIONS
Authors: W. L. Brown
Journal: JAMA (1918)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —InThe Journal, October 19, we read with great interest the article on the "Treatment of Influenza-Pneumonia by the Use of Convalescent Human Serum" by McGuire and Redden of the United States Navy Medical Corps. We have done two citrated transfusions, using the whole blood, the first one, October 15. The effect clinically corresponded to that reported in the article mentioned, but the effect of the transfusion on the white blood cells was what especially attracted our attention, as our average count in fifteen cases had been 9,200, the lowest 4,900 and the highest 16,300, being in marked contrast to usual pneumococcic or streptococcic pneumonia. One case was that of a woman, aged 23, as near as determined in her third day of pneumonia, and also between six and seven months pregnant. Her temperature on the two previous days had ranged from 102 to 104, and at
SULFONAMIDES IN THE TREATMENT OF ERYSIPELAS
Authors: ROBERT E. SHANK
Journal: JAMA (1941)

Erysipelas, a common bacterial infection of the skin caused by the hemolytic streptococcus, is a disease entity particularly suitable for the trial of new chemotherapeutic agents. This is true because the location of the lesion makes it available for accurate study and because methods of treatment prior to the use of sulfanilamide were notably unsatisfactory. 1 In 1936, shortly after the introduction of the sulfonamide drugs, Meyer-Heine and Huguenin 2 reported 150 cases of erysipelas treated with sulfanilamide producing a rapid fall in the temperature and subsidence of the local lesion within forty-eight hours. There were no deaths and few complications. Breen and Taylor 3 in 1937 obtained equally gratifying results in 35 cases treated. There were two deaths in this series. Subsequent publications by Snodgrass and Anderson, 4 Hageman and Blake, 5 Nelson, Rinzler and Kelsey 6 and Hoyne, Wolf and Prim 7 state that the sulfonamide drugs are
High Court detains girl with anorexia
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (1997)

A 16 year old British girl with anorexia nervosa has been ordered by the High Court to be detained against her will, by force if necessary, for the purpose of treating her eating disorder.

The case breaks new ground with the decision for the first time that the High Court can order detention of a child under the age of 18 years for the purposes of medical treatment under its inherent jurisdiction over the welfare of children.

The judge, Mr Justice Wall, delivered his judgment in …
Outcome of ICU treatment in invasive aspergillosis
Authors: J. J. W. M. Janssen, R. J. M. Strack van Schijndel, E. H. van der Poest Clement, G. J. Ossenkoppele, L. G. Thijs, P. C. Huijgens
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (1996)

To assess the outcome of intensive care treatment in invasive aspergillosis.Retrospective study.University Hospital, Medical Intensive Care Unit (ICU).Twenty-five patients with invasive aspergillosis who were admitted to the medical ICU in a 5 1/2 year period. Twenty-two had received high-dose chemotherapy for (mainly hematologic) malignancies, one had been treated with cyclosporine and prednisolone for systemic lupus erythematosus, one with high-dose methylprednisolone for polyarteritis nodosa and one had an ARDS after near-drowning.The medical records were reviewed for patient and disease characteristics, outcome, reasons for admission to the ICU, supportive care and antifungal therapy as well as for the results of cultures and autopsy. Out of 25 patients, a definite ante mortem diagnosis could be established in seven. When autopsied patients were included, a total of 15 suffered from proven invasive aspergillosis. Although standard antifungal treatment and maximal available supportive care were given, 23 of 25 patients (92%) died after a mean of 15 (1-51) days in the ICU. Both patients who recovered had received high-dose chemotherapy for hematologic malignancy and showed bone marrow recovery and/or had a localized pulmonary infection.In patients with highly suspected or proven invasive aspergillosis, admission to an ICU and mechanical ventilation should be considered in cases of localized infection and obvious signs of hematologic recovery. In most other circumstances ICU admission for mechanical ventilation does not seem to improve survival.
TH1-biased immunity induced by exposure to Antarctic winter
Authors: Takushi Shirai, Kumiko K. Magara, Shinichiro Motohashi, Masakatsu Yamashita, Motoko Kimura, Yasushi Suwazomo, Koji Nogawa, Takayuki Kuriyama, Masaru Taniguchi, Toshinori Nakayama
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2003)
Screening for Prostate Cancer-Reply
Authors: Murray D. Krahn
Journal: JAMA (1995)

In Reply.  —For screening to be a rational strategy, patients identified as having prostate cancer must, on average, have better outcomes than patients not identified by screening. Because such benefit has not yet been demonstrated by any randomized trial, clinicians and patients must use the best information at hand to make their personal decisions. Dr Miles and colleagues suggest that the study by Johannson et al 1 may not be the best data on patients with early, untreated prostate cancer because that study may provide an overly optimistic view of natural history. In fact, the distribution of tumor grades and the cause-specific survival rates by grade in that study are similar to those reported by Chodak et al 2 : Johannson et al reported the proportion of grade 1, 2, and 3 tumors as 0.66, 0.30, and 0.04, respectively, whereas the meta-analysis of Chodak et al reported 0.60,0.32, and 0.08, respectively;
Lack of subsensitivitvy to mizolastine over 8‐week treatment
Authors: J. Bousquet, I. Chanal, M. Murrieta, A. Stalla‐Bourdillon
Journal: Allergy (1996)

Mizolastine is a new, nonsedating antihistamine providing satisfactory symptom relief in allergic rhinitis and urticaria. The purpose of this study was to use the wheal and flare skin reactions model to assess the maintenance of the pharmacodynamic effect of mizolastine, administered for 2 months. This double‐blind, parallel‐group study involved 60 atopic patients randomly allocated, after a 1‐week placebo run‐in, to once‐daily 10 mg mizolastine ( n = 29) or placebo ( n = 31) groups. Treatment continued for 8 weeks. Prick tests were performed in duplicate with histamine chlorhydrate (10mg/ml), codeine phosphate (9%), and five increasing concentrations (1–500 reactivity index/ml) of standardized allergen extracts (grass pollen or mites) at days 0, 7, 28, 42, and 56. After 7 days of treatment, inhibition of histamine‐induced wheal was ‐76% and + 20%, respectively, with mizolastine and placebo ( P = 0.0001), in comparison with baseline; inhibition of flare was ‐ 86% and + 50%, respectively, with mizolastine and placebo ( P = 0.0001). Suppression was maintained to a similar extent throughout the study. Results were consistent between histamine‐, codeine‐, and allergen‐induced tests. Safety was satisfactory in both groups. This study confirms mizolastine as a potent antihistamine which does not induce subsensitivity when taken for 8 weeks, and which can be safely recommended in allergic conditions.
TV: This Little Life
Authors: M. Chiswick
Journal: BMJ (2003)

BBC 2, 19 February at 9 pm Rating: ![Graphic][1]</img>![Graphic][2]</img>![Graphic][3]</img> The media has an insatiable appetite for tiny babies attached to tubing, wires, and monitors but it has never quite captured the emotional tensions between parents and between parents and staff. Rosemary Kay's television screenplay highlights the intense attachment that develops between a mother, Sadie (played by Kate Ashfield), and her 23 weeks' gestation baby, Luke. Visual images of him at play and at the piano as a healthy child become the focus of her life as she watches him struggle to survive the early weeks. Meanwhile, the dad, Richie (played by David Morrissey), is struggling to cope simultaneously with visiting his … [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif [2]: /embed/inline-graphic-2.gif [3]: /embed/inline-graphic-3.gif
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN BLEEDING AND MORTALITY IN PATIENTS ON DUAL ANTIPLATELET THERAPY VS ASPIRIN ALONE: RESULTS FROM THE CHARISMA TRIAL
Authors: Jeffrey S. Berger, Deepak L. Bhatt, Gabriel P. Steg, Steven R. Steinhubl, Gilles Montalescot, Mingyuan Shao, Werner Hacke, Keith A. Fox, Peter B. Berger, Eric J. Topol, Michael Lincoff
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
The Good Doctor
Authors: A. Iles
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Damon Galgut Atlantic Books, £10.99, pp 215 ISBN 1 84354 201 3 Rating: ![Graphic][1]</img>![Graphic][2]</img>![Graphic][3]</img> Shortlisted for this year's Man Booker prize, The Good Doctor is a tale of personal conscience and its outcomes. The novel tells the story of two doctors and the rural hospital in which they work. The hospital is dilapidated and ghostly, with few patients passing through its doors, and is blighted by lack of funds and the indifference of its staff. Its location … [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif [2]: /embed/inline-graphic-2.gif [3]: /embed/inline-graphic-3.gif
Dry tap bone marrow aspiration: Clinical significance
Authors: John E. Humphries
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1990)

Abstract Failure to obtain bone marrow on attempted marrow aspiration, “dry tap”, has commonly been ascribed to faulty technique. All reports of simultaneous marrow aspirations and biopsies performed at the University of Virginia between January 1, 1983, and July 1, 1989, were reviewed to determine the frequency of dry taps, the diagnoses and pathologic findings in these cases, and the associated laboratory findings. Among 2,235 simultaneous bone marrow aspirations and biopsies, 87 were dry taps (3.9%). Of these 87 dry taps, only six (6.9%) showed normal marrow biopsies, whereas the majority showed significant marrow pathology, usually associated with fibrosis, or hypercellularity, or both. These conditions most likely account for the inability to aspirate marrow. The most frequent diagnoses were metastatic carcinoma (17.2%), chronic myelogenous leukemia (14.9%), idiopathic myelofibrosis (13.8%), and hairy cell leukemia (10.3%). The presence of peripheral blood nucleated red blood cells, thrombocytopenia, and elevation of the serum lactate dehydrogenase were frequent findings in patients who experienced dry taps. Methods to obtain sufficient marrow for rapid diagnosis in these cases are discussed.
DJ-1/park7 protects against neointimal formation via the inhibition of vascular smooth muscle cell growth
Authors: Kyung Jong Won, Seung Hyo Jung, Chang-Kwon Lee, Hae Rang Na, Kang Pa Lee, Dong-Youb Lee, Eun-Seok Park, Wahn Soo Choi, Sun Bo Shim, Bokyung Kim
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2012)

DJ-1/park7 is a ubiquitously expressed multifunctional protein that plays essential roles in a variety of cells. However, its function in the vascular system has not been determined. We investigated the protective roles of DJ-1/park7 in vascular disorders, especially in neointimal hyperplasia. DJ-1/park7 was strongly expressed in the neointimal layer, in which its oxidized form was predominant. Treatment of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) from the mouse aorta with H2O2 increased the oxidation of DJ-1/park7 visualized on two-dimensional electrophoresis gels. The growth of VSMCs in FBS-containing media and the release of H2O2 were significantly increased in DJ-1/park7–/– knockout mice compared with DJ-1/park7+/+ wild-type mice. The expression of cyclin D1 and the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 were greater in VSMCs from the DJ-1/park7–/– aorta than from the DJ-1/park7+/+ aorta. Both of these measures were inhibited by treatment with an ERK1/2 inhibitor or antioxidants and in DJ-1/park7-overexpressing cells. VSMC proliferation, cyclin D1 expression, and ERK1/2 phosphorylation in response to platelet-derived growth factor-BB were upregulated in DJ-1/park7–/– compared with DJ-1/park7+/+ mice. VSMCs of DJ-1/park7–/– mice exhibited higher levels of sprout outgrowth of aortic strips and neointimal plaque formation elicited by carotid artery ligation compared with those of DJ-1/park7+/+ mice. These results indicate that DJ-1/park7 is involved in the growth of VSMCs, thereby inhibiting neointimal hyperplasia, and suggest that it might play protective roles in vascular remodelling.
CHRONIC STRESS ACCELERATES AGING INDUCED COLLATERAL DYSFUNCTION IN C57BL6 MOUSE MODEL OF HIND LIMB ISCHEMIA
Authors: Sunny Jhamnani, Roberta Lassance–Soares, Subeena Sood, Nima Aghili, Hajra Nashin, Rasha Hammamieh, Nabarun Chakraborty, Mary Susan Burnett, Stephen Epstein
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Data reporting standards: making the things we use better
Authors: John Quackenbush
Journal: Genome Medicine (2009)

Genomic data often persist far beyond the initial study in which they were generated. But the true value of the data is tied to their being both used and useful, and the usefulness of the data relies intimately on how well annotated they are. While standards such as MIAME have been in existence for nearly a decade, we cannot think that the problem is solved or that we can ignore the need to develop better, more effective methods for capturing the essence of the meta-data that is ultimately required to guarantee utility of the data.
Examination must be thorough
Authors: A. G Kolias, S. Odak, A. K Tyagi
Journal: BMJ (2009)

As well as neurological examination of the legs, perianal and perineal sensation should be assessed in cases of suspected cauda equina syndrome.1 This may prove challenging in primary care settings, but it is the safest way of appropriately triaging such patients, facilitates referral, and provides …
Long-Term Air Pollution Exposure and Blood Pressure in the Sister Study
Authors: Stephanie H. Chan, Victor C. Van Hee, Silas Bergen, Adam A. Szpiro, Lisa A. DeRoo, Stephanie J. London, Julian D. Marshall, Joel D. Kaufman, Dale P. Sandler
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2015)

Exposure to air pollution has been consistently associated with cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, but mechanisms remain uncertain. Associations with blood pressure (BP) may help to explain the cardiovascular effects of air pollution.We examined the cross-sectional relationship between long-term (annual average) residential air pollution exposure and BP in the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences' Sister Study, a large U.S. cohort study investigating risk factors for breast cancer and other outcomes.This analysis included 43,629 women 35-76 years of age, enrolled 2003-2009, who had a sister with breast cancer. Geographic information systems contributed to satellite-based nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and fine particulate matter (≤ 2.5 μm; PM2.5) predictions at participant residences at study entry. Generalized additive models were used to examine the relationship between pollutants and measured BP at study entry, adjusting for cardiovascular disease risk factors and including thin plate splines for potential spatial confounding.A 10-μg/m(3) increase in PM2.5 was associated with 1.4-mmHg higher systolic BP (95% CI: 0.6, 2.3; p < 0.001), 1.0-mmHg higher pulse pressure (95% CI: 0.4, 1.7; p = 0.001), 0.8-mmHg higher mean arterial pressure (95% CI: 0.2, 1.4; p = 0.01), and no significant association with diastolic BP. A 10-ppb increase in NO2 was associated with a 0.4-mmHg (95% CI: 0.2, 0.6; p < 0.001) higher pulse pressure.Long-term PM2.5 and NO2 exposures were associated with higher blood pressure. On a population scale, such air pollution-related increases in blood pressure could, in part, account for the increases in cardiovascular disease morbidity and mortality seen in prior studies.
Infection and Cancer: Old Friends
Authors: VINCENT T. DEVITA
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1973)

Editorials1 October 1973Infection and Cancer: Old FriendsVINCENT T. DEVITA JR., M.D., F.A.C.P., ROBERT C. YOUNG, M.D., F.A.C.P.VINCENT T. DEVITA JR., M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, ROBERT C. YOUNG, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-79-4-597 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptUnusual infections are becoming an increasingly important cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with malignant diseases. Infectious complications of malignancy and efforts at their control are highlighted by two articles in this issue, those of Young, Meyer, and Armstrong (pp. 518-527) and by Sickles and associates (pp. 528-534). Infectious death is not unique to cancer patients. Pneumonia is still a common cause of death in this country. Sir William Osler once described pneumonia as the old man's friend to emphasize that pneumonia was often the final illness and a consequence of irreversible organ failure. The typical patient with cancer...References1. GOODELLJACOBSPOWELL BJR: Pneumocystis carinii: the spectrum of diffuse interstitial pneumonia in patients with neoplastic diseases. Ann Intern Med 72:337-340, 1970 LinkGoogle Scholar2. LEVINEGRAWYOUNG ARR: Management of infections in patients with leukemia and lymphoma: current concepts and experimental approaches. Semin Hematol 9:141-179, 1972 MedlineGoogle Scholar3. MIRSKYCUTTNER HJ: Fungal infection in acute leukemia. Cancer 30:348-352, 1972 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. SCHIMPFFYOUNGGREEN SVW: Origin of infection in acute nonlymphocytic leukemia. Significance of hospital acquisition of potential pathogens. Ann Intern Med 77:707-714, 1972 LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Medicine Branch National Cancer Institute Bethesda, Maryland PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 October 1973Volume 79, Issue 4Page: 597-599KeywordsAcute myeloid leukemiaPathogens Issue Published: 1 October 1973 PDF downloadLoading ...