tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Paraneoplastic pemphigus without an underlying neoplasm
Authors: G.T. Park, J.H. Lee, S.J. Yun, S.C. Lee, J.B. Lee
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2006)

We describe a 52-year-old man with paraneoplastic pemphigus (PNP) without any evidence of an underlying neoplasm over an 8-year follow-up period. He had a chronic relapsing vesiculobullous eruption for approximately 7 years (from April 1998 to May 2005). Initially, scattered flaccid vesicles with crusts developed on the face and trunk, which waxed and waned several times. Our patient was diagnosed as having PNP based on immunopathological criteria for PNP, i.e. histopathological, immunoblotting and immunoprecipitation analyses. However, physical and laboratory examinations including serial blood tests with peripheral blood smear, whole-body positron emission tomography/computed tomography and abdominal ultrasound were unable to detect any underlying neoplasm over an 8-year follow-up period.
Platinum drug-DNA interactions in human tissues measured by cisplatin-DNA enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and atomic absorbance spectroscopy.
Authors: M C Poirier, E Reed, H Shamkhani, R E Tarone, S Gupta-Burt
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1993)

Studies of platinum drug-DNA adduct formation in tissues of cancer patients have involved both atomic absorbance spectroscopy (AAS), which measures total DNA-bound platinum, and anti-cisplatin-DNA enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), which detects a fraction of the AAS-measurable adduct. These studies were designed to explore mechanisms of drug-DNA interactions, to make correlations with clinical outcome, and possibly to validate DNA adduct measurements for use in occupational and environmental biomonitoring. The results, determined by both ELISA and AAS, demonstrate that cisplatin and its analog carboplatin bind to DNA in many human organs, including kidney, brain, peripheral nerve, and bone marrow, which are sites for drug toxicity. Platinum was also observed bound to ovarian tumor DNA. The adducts were highly persistent, being measurable in tissues obtained at autopsy up to 15 months after the last administration of platinum chemotherapy. A comparison of blood cell DNA adduct levels, determined by ELISA, and the clinical response of 139 patients with ovarian, testicular, colon, or breast cancer demonstrated a strong correlation between failure to form DNA adducts and failure of therapy. Conversely, patients who formed high levels of DNA adduct were most likely to respond favorably. A similar correlation was not observed for adducts determined by AAS; that is, the average total DNA-bound platinum levels were the same for patients who did not respond to therapy and for patients who had any kind of response. Thus, in this study, human blood cell DNA adducts measured by ELISA correlate with tumor remission, while those measured by AAS do not.
Fiberoptic Bronchoscopy in Respiratory Failure
Authors: Fouad E. Ben-Isaac
Journal: JAMA (1973)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The use of the Rovenstine 90° elbow connector by Dr. Tahir for maintaining ventilation during fiberoptic bronchoscopy has improved the safety of this procedure in patients requiring mechanical ventilation (220:725, 1972). We have found this technique invaluable in patients with extreme respiratory failure who could not do without the ventilator for more than very brief periods that are inadequate for bronchoscopy. Unfortunately, the sharp-toothed end of the suction channel of the connector proved to be harmful to the plastic coating of the bronchoscope. To avoid this problem, we smoothed out the toothed end of the suction channel and fitted a 3-cm long, hard, plastic sleeve into it. An O-ring, into which the bronchoscope fits tightly, was incorporated into the proximal end of the sleeve to prevent leakage of air during positive pressure ventilation (Figure). The bronchoscope was also coated with a thin layer of xylocaine jelly for
Guidelines based on multiple randomized studies prove the most durable, US study finds
Authors: M. McCarthy
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Guideline recommendations based on a single trial, observational data, expert opinion, or standard of care were three times more likely to be downgraded, reversed, or omitted in subsequent guidelines than those based on multiple randomized trials, a new study published in JAMA has shown.1

In the study researchers looked at changes in class I recommendations in the two most recent versions of 11 guidelines jointly issued by the American Heart Association and the American College of Cardiology. The guidelines included recommendations on issues such as managing atrial fibrillation, chronic stable angina, and heart failure; the use of cardiac pacemakers and anti-arrhythmia devices; and the secondary prevention of coronary artery disease and cardiovascular disease prevention in women.

These guidelines used four …
Reply from Authors re: David J. DeGraff. Novel Use of a Combined Artificial Intelligence Approach to Identify Patients with Noninvasive Urothelial Cell Carcinoma of the Urinary Bladder Who Are at Greatest Risk for Progression to Muscle-Invasive Disease: A Step Forward. Eur Urol 2010;57:407–8
Authors: James W.F. Catto, Freddie C. Hamdy
Journal: European Urology (2009)
Bcl-w Promotes Gastric Cancer Cell Invasion by Inducing Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 Expression via Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase, Akt, and Sp1
Authors: In Hwa Bae, Myung-Jin Park, Sung Hwan Yoon, Sung Wook Kang, Seung-Sook Lee, Kyung-Mi Choi, Hong-Duck Um
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract Given a previous report that Bcl-w is expressed in gastric cancer cells, particularly in those of an infiltrative morphology, we investigated whether Bcl-w expression influences the invasiveness of gastric cancer cells. To accomplish this, Bcl-w was overexpressed in adherent types of gastric adenocarcinoma cell lines, and this was found to result in an increase in their migratory and invasive potentials. These effects were not induced when Bcl-2 was overexpressed in the same cell types. Consistently, Bcl-w, but not Bcl-2, overexpression increased matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) expression, and synthetic or natural inhibitors of MMP-2 abolished Bcl-w–induced cell invasion. Bcl-w overexpression also activated phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), Akt, and Sp1, and the blocking effects of each of these components using pharmacologic inhibitors, dominant-negative mutants, or small interfering RNA abolished the ability of Bcl-w to induce MMP-2 and cell invasion. The inhibition of PI3K/Akt signaling also prevented Sp1 activation. Overall, our data suggest that Bcl-w, which was previously shown to enhance gastric cancer cell survivability, also promotes their invasiveness by inducing MMP-2 expression via the sequential actions of PI3K, Akt, and Sp1. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(10): 4991-5)
Variations in Morbidity after Radical Prostatectomy
Authors: Colin B. Begg, Elyn R. Riedel, Peter B. Bach, Michael W. Kattan, Deborah Schrag, Joan L. Warren, Peter T. Scardino
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2002)

Recent studies of surgery for cancer have demonstrated variations in outcomes among hospitals and among surgeons. We sought to examine variations in morbidity after radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer.We used the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results-Medicare linked data base to evaluate health-related outcomes after radical prostatectomy. The rates of postoperative complications, late urinary complications (strictures or fistulas 31 to 365 days after the procedure), and long-term incontinence (more than 1 year after the procedure) were inferred from the Medicare claims records of 11,522 patients who underwent prostatectomy between 1992 and 1996. These rates were analyzed in relation to hospital volume and surgeon volume (the number of procedures performed at individual hospitals and by individual surgeons, respectively).Neither hospital volume nor surgeon volume was significantly associated with surgery-related death. Significant trends in the relation between volume and outcome were observed with respect to postoperative complications and late urinary complications. Postoperative morbidity was lower in very-high-volume hospitals than in low-volume hospitals (27 percent vs. 32 percent, P=0.03) and was also lower when the prostatectomy was performed by very-high-volume surgeons than when it was performed by low-volume surgeons (26 percent vs. 32 percent, P<0.001). The rates of late urinary complications followed a similar pattern. Results for long-term preservation of continence were less clear-cut. In a detailed analysis of the 159 surgeons who had a high or very high volume of procedures, wide surgeon-to-surgeon variations in these clinical outcomes were observed, and they were much greater than would be predicted on the basis of chance or observed variations in the case mix.In men undergoing prostatectomy, the rates of postoperative and late urinary complications are significantly reduced if the procedure is performed in a high-volume hospital and by a surgeon who performs a high number of such procedures.
Long-term Outcome of Critically III Elderly Patients Requiring Intensive Care
Authors: Lakshmipathi Chelluri
Journal: JAMA (1993)

To evaluate the long-term mortality and morbidity of critically ill elderly patients requiring intensive care.Prospective comparison of outcome of critically ill patients aged 75 years and older with patients aged 65 to 74 years.Critically ill patients aged 65 years and older who required intensive care and who were recruited during a 3-month period.Duration of hospitalization, hospital charges, procedures used in the intensive care unit, mortality in the hospital and during the follow-up period, and quality of life of survivors during the follow-up period.Ninety-seven patients were included in the study; 54 were 75 years or older and 43 were aged 65 to 74 years. No significant difference was noted between the two groups for length of stay in the hospital, hospital charges, or mortality at 1 year. Severity of illness, as assessed by Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation score at the time of intensive care unit admission, was a better predictor of survival than age. Quality of life, as assessed by activities of daily living, perceived quality of life, and Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression score, were not significantly different in either group at 1, 6, and 12 months after discharge from the hospital. Most patients in both groups described their quality of life as adequate and were willing to receive intensive care again, if necessary.Age alone is not an adequate predictor of long-term survival and quality of life in critically ill elderly patients.
Association of a T29→C Polymorphism of the Transforming Growth Factor-β1 Gene With Genetic Susceptibility to Myocardial Infarction in Japanese
Authors: Mitsuhiro Yokota, Sahoko Ichihara, Tong-Lang Lin, Nobuo Nakashima, Yoshiji Yamada
Journal: Circulation (2000)

Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) is an important regulator of vascular remodeling and is involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. A T-->C transition at nucleotide 29 of the TGF-beta1 gene results in a Leu-->Pro substitution at amino acid 10 of the signal peptide. We have now examined a possible association of TGF-beta1 genotype with myocardial infarction (MI) in a Japanese population.TGF-beta1 genotype was determined in 315 Japanese patients (234 men and 81 women) with MI and 591 control subjects (289 men and 302 women). We found that age, body mass index, and incidence of habitual smoking, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and hypercholesterolemia did not differ between the 2 groups for either men or women. Multivariable logistic regression analysis, however, demonstrated the frequency of the T allele to be significantly higher in male subjects with MI than in controls (TT + TC versus CC; P<0.0001, odds ratio 3.5, 95% CI 2.0 to 6.3). In contrast, the T allele was not associated with the prevalence of MI in women. In both male MI patients and controls, the serum concentration of TGF-beta1 was significantly higher in individuals with the CC genotype than in subjects with the TT or TC genotype.Findings suggest that the T allele at nucleotide 29 in the TGF-beta1 gene is a risk factor for genetic susceptibility to MI, at least in middle-aged Japanese men.
Abstract 3323: Hyaluronan synthase 2 promotes breast cancer bone metastasis by stimulating interaction of cancer stem-like cells with tumor-associated macrophage
Authors: Hiroshi Okuda, Fei Xing, Aya Kobayashi, Misako Watabe, Sudha K. Pai, Wen Liu, Puspa R. Pandey, Koji Fukuda, Megumi Iiizumi
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract The molecular mechanism of metastatic progression, particularly the roles of microenvironment of the metastasized organs, is as yet poorly understood. In this study, we have isolated cancer stem cell-like cells (CSC) from human breast cancer cell lines, MDA-MB231, MDA231BoM and MDA231BrM. CSC were isolated from each line using surface markers (CD24-, CD44+, ESA+) and their tumor initiating abilities were tested in animal. We then performed an analysis of global expression profile for these CSCs using the Affymetrix expression array and found that among all up-regulated genes, two genes (HAS2 and MMP1) were significantly correlated with overall- and metastasis-free survival when they were cross-examined in GEO database. To further examine the role of HAS2 in tumor metastasis in vivo, we prepared CSC from MDA231BoM with or without carrying a shRNA expression vector for HAS2. The CSC were then implanted into nude mice by intra-cardiac injection followed by oral administration of 4MU, a specific inhibitor of HAS genes. We found that the injection of CSC of MDA231BoM which expresses shRNA to HAS2 significantly improved the survival rate of animals. In addition, administration of 4MU significantly suppressed tumor metastasis of CSC, suggesting that inhibition of HAS2 can indeed reduce the incidence of metastasis in vivo. We also examined the effect of tumor associated macrophage (TAM) on growth of CSC in animals by injecting CSC of MDA231-BoM with or without TAM into the tibial bone. We found that co-injection of TAM with CSC significantly augmented the growth of tumor in their legs. Moreover, the interaction between cancer cell and TAMs enhanced secretion of PDGF-BB from TAMs which then activated stromal cells and in turn enhanced self-renewal of CSCs by secretion of FGF9 and FGF7. We also found that treatment of bone marrow stem cell (BMSC) with PDGF followed by co-culture of CSC significantly promoted proliferation of CSC. Collectively, our results suggest that TAM and BMSC promote self-renewal of CSC in bone microenvironment via direct interaction between hyaluronan and CD44. Our results also provide strong rationale to target HAS2 by using 4MU in order to block the metastatic progression of CSC in breast cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3323. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-3323
Diagnosis of abdominal tuberculosis
Authors: D Singh-Ranger
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2004)

From their retrospective survey (December 2003 JRSM1) Mr Rai and Mr Thomas conclude that, in suspected abdominal tuberculosis, diagnostic laparoscopy is the investigation of choice. They do not refer to a similar report by myself and colleagues on 14 patients, in which we recommended diagnostic laparoscopy when the Mantoux test and/or ascitic fluid microscopy are negative.2 In Rai and Thomas' series it is difficult to know whether all 25 patients truly required this investigation. Do the authors advocate diagnostic laparoscopy as the primary investigation, or only when simpler and less costly tests have been uninformative?
Intractable acute autoimmune hemolytic anemia in b‐cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia successfully treated with vincristine‐loaded platelet infusion
Authors: Erica Sigler, Mordechai Shtalrid, Sorel Goland, Zeev M. Sthoeger, Alain Berrebi
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1995)

Sustained Granulocyte Recovery After G-CSF in a Patient With Ticlopidine-Induced Severe Aplastic AnemiaTo the Editor: The use of ticlopidine as an antiplatelet drug has been associated with agranulocytosis (I-2%) and thrombocytopenia (O.l%), and in a few cases (8 cases have been described) with severe aplastic anemia (SAA) [ 1-31, Patients with aplastic anemia and residual myeloid progenitors can respond to pharmacologic doses of growth factors such as granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF).However, all patients who show an
Evaluation of 24-hour gastric acidity in patients with hepatic cirrhosis
Authors: Vincenzo Savarino, Giuseppe Sandro Mela, Patrizia Zentilin, Carlo Mansi, Maria Raffaella Mele, Sergio Vigneri, Patrizia Cutela, Ambrogio Vassallo, Enza Dallorto, Guido Celle
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1996)
Histamine stimulates matrix metalloproteinase-3 and -13 production by human articular chondrocytes in vitro
Authors: L C Tetlow
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2002)

<b>Objectives:</b> To determine the effects of histamine on matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) production by human articular chondrocytes (HAC) in vitro. <b>Methods:</b> Conditioned culture medium from HAC cultures incubated with and without 20 μM histamine was assayed by enzymne linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for MMP-1, MMP-8, MMP-13 (collagenases 1, 2, and 3, respectively) and MMP-3 (stromelysin). Monolayer cultures of HAC were also immunostained for MMP-13 and MMP-3. <b>Results:</b> The HAC cultures showed a significant increase in MMP-13 and MMP-3 production (2.2- and 1.9-fold, respectively) after treatment with 20 μM histamine for 24 hours, but MMP-1 and MMP-8 were unaffected. All cultures showed MMP-13 and MMP-3 detectable by immunolocalisation. MMP-3 was the more prominent enzyme as shown by both ELISA and immunolocalisation techniques. <b>Conclusions:</b> Histamine exposure increased both MMP-13 and MMP-3 production by HAC in vitro, thereby suggesting a pathophysiological role in the chondrocytic phenotype associated with degenerative changes in osteoarthritis.
Clinical importance of bone marrow monocytic nodules in patients with myelodysplasia: Retrospective analysis of 21 cases
Authors: Yeu-Chin Chen, Jung-Mao Chou, Louis Letendre, Chin-Yang Li
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2005)

Bone marrow monocytic nodules (MNs) can occur in various myeloid disorders. This retrospective review identified 21 patients with myelodysplasia who had unusual and distinct MNs. Eight patients had chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML); 4 had acute myeloid leukemia (AML); and 9 had myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative diseases. In each case, the cells forming MNs expressed strong CD68. MNs appeared to persist even after aggressive chemotherapy, including conventional chemotherapy for 2 AML patients and high-dose chemotherapy preceding allogeneic bone marrow transplantation for 1 CMML patient. Thirteen of 21 patients (62%) died, and acute leukemic transformation was the main cause of death in 3 of 8 patients with CMML. The median survival of the 20 patients with appropriate follow-up was 9.8 months. Our findings demonstrate that MNs are associated with CMML, AML, myelodysplastic syndromes, and myeloproliferative diseases and suggest that MNs are resistant to intensive chemotherapy and patients with bone marrow MNs have a poor prognosis.
Overexpression of a Novel Activator of PAK4, the CDK5 Kinase–Associated Protein CDK5RAP3, Promotes Hepatocellular Carcinoma Metastasis
Authors: Grace Wing-Yan Mak, Mandy Man-Lok Chan, Veronica Yee-Law Leong, Joyce Man-Fong Lee, Tai-On Yau, Irene Oi-Lin Ng, Yick-Pang Ching
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

The CDK5 kinase regulatory subunit-associated protein 3 (CDK5RAP3 or C53/LZAP) regulates apoptosis induced by genotoxic stress. Although CDK5RAP3 has been implicated in cancer progression, its exact role in carcinogenesis is not well established. In this article, we report that CDK5RAP3 has an important prometastatic function in hepatocarcinogenesis. An examination of human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) samples revealed at least twofold overexpression of CDK5RAP3 transcripts in 58% (39/67) of HCC specimens when compared with corresponding nontumorous livers. CDK5RAP3 overexpression was associated with more aggressive biological behavior. In HCC cell lines, stable overexpression of CDK5RAP3 promoted, and small interfering RNA-mediated knockdown inhibited, tumorigenic activity and metastatic potential. We found that overexpression of CDK5RAP3 and p21-activated protein kinase 4 (PAK4) correlated in human HCCs, and that CDK5RAP3 was a novel binding partner of PAK4, and this binding enhanced PAK4 activity. siRNA-mediated knockdown of PAK4 in CDK5RAP3-expressing HCC cells reversed the enhanced cell invasiveness mediated by CDK5RAP3 overexpression, implying that PAK4 is essential for CDK5RAP3 function. Taken together, our findings reveal that CDK5RAP3 is widely overexpressed in HCC and that overexpression of CDK5RAP3 promotes HCC metastasis through PAK4 activation.
Selection Criteria for Brief Dynamic Psychotherapy: Reliability, Factor Structure and Long-Term Predictive Validity
Authors: Per H&oslash;glend, &Oslash;ystein S&oslash;rbye, Tore S&oslash;rlie, Arne Fossum, Vibeke Engelstad
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1992)

Forty outpatients were evaluated for psychotherapy with a modified version of Sifneos' selection criteria for brief dynamic psychotherapy. Reliabilities were acceptable for most items when the ratings of 4 clinical judges were averaged. A factor analysis of the reliable items produced four of the five dimensions of suitability proposed by Sifneos and others: circumscribed focus, motivation, flexible interaction, quality of interpersonal relations. A combination of these dimensions were more significant predictors of long-term dynamic change than background and DSM-III axis I-V variables. Problem solving capacity (use of self-understanding) before treatment could not be reliably rated and was accordingly not tested as a possible fifth dimension of suitability.
A Nationwide Study of the Use of Self-Expanding Stents in Patients with Esophageal Cancer in Sweden
Authors: U. Wenger, J. Luo, L. Lundell, J. Lagergren
Journal: Endoscopy (2005)

Endoscopic insertion of self-expanding metal stents is used for palliative treatment of esophageal and cardia cancer, but the safety profiles, and the influence of age, sex, and hospital volume have not previously been evaluated in a population-based setting.A retrospective population-based study was conducted, including all patients treated with esophageal stenting for malignant disease recorded in Swedish national registries in the period 1997 - 2000. Patients with esophageal or cardia cancer were identified in the cancer registry, and those treated with esophageal stenting were selected from the in-patient registry. Survival and emigration were assessed using the registries for causes of death and emigration, respectively. Procedure-related complications were assessed by reviewing medical records.Among 1052 registered patients with esophageal or cardia cancer, 402 patients (38 %), with a median age of 74 years, were treated with esophageal stenting. After treatment, the median in-hospital stay was 7 days, and the median survival was 100 days. Survival times were similar between age groups and sexes. Stenting was conducted at 38 Swedish hospitals, with a range of 1-59 procedures at each hospital. Among 152 (38 %) patients who were evaluated for complications, 41 (27 %) had complications of some type, while 20 (13 %) experienced direct procedure-related complications. No differences in complication frequencies were found between high-volume and low-volume centers. There were only two procedure-related deaths (1 %), both due to esophageal perforation. No reduction in the median survival time was found in patients with complications.Treatment with self-expanding metal stents is a widely used and reasonably safe procedure among patients with malignant dysphagia, independent of sex, age, or hospital volume in Sweden.