tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Can the stomach be a target of cap polyposis?
Authors: S. Yang, S. Choi
Journal: Endoscopy (2010)

A 67-year-old woman presented with epigastric pain and nausea. Gastroscopy showed multiple, variable-sized nodules on the posterior wall and lesser curvature of the upper body of the stomach. Grossly, the lesions resembled sessile or semi-pedunculated polyps, and on closer look, they showed central ulceration with a thick mucoid or fibropurulent exudate ([Fig. 1]).
ON MUCOCELE OF THE NASAL SINUSES, AND ITS COMPLICATION BY OPTIC NEURITIS
Authors: R. Fullerton
Journal: BMJ (1910)

^IL S6 I9IO.]CONGENITALOVATHALMOPLE6IA EYTERINA.' 7 ,, [ . . . ..~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~,,I phlyetenule itself io of tuberculous histological structuresor that it contains the tubercle bacillus.Nevertheless, it is now widely believed that, practically speaking, the characteristic lesion occurs only in those who are the -subjects of tuberculosis, latent or otherWise.The main facts that have led to this change of opinion are:1.The frequency with which -a -family .history* of tubercle can be obtained from the subjects of phlyetenular -disease.2. The frequent coexistence, along with phlyctenular 'disease, of ottier manifestations of tuberculosis as, for ,example, enlarged glands -or joints, otorrhoea with or without mastoid disease, phthisis pulmonalis, dactylitis, ,and scrofalodermia.3. The fact, as shown by the experimental work of J. B. Nias and Leslie Paton,' that the blood of patients suIffering from phlyctenular discase behaves in a manner which is typical of a definite tuberculous infection.As the result of examination of the blood in upwards of *fifty patients with phlyetenular disease, these authors claim that their observations of the opsonic index go far -to support the hypothesis that phlyetenular ulcers are due '4o the escape of attenuated or dead bacilli from some ,distant focas, identified or otherwise, of tuberculous disease.4. The positive result obtained in phlyctenular cases by employing the Koch, Wolff-Eisner-Calmette, von i'irquet, or otlher specific test for tubercle (Stephenson, Derby, Weekers, etc.).
Regulator restricts use of SSRIs in children
Authors: Lynn Eaton
Journal: BMJ (2005)

The European Medicines Agency has ruled that selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and selective serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) should not be prescribed for children and adolescents under the age of 18, except for limited, approved uses. Some of the drugs have been approved for obsessive compulsive disorder, and one of them has been approved for attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

It is also recommending that strong warnings should be issued throughout the European Union about the potential risk of suicidal behaviour and aggression in these age groups.

The advice …
Impact of the Presence and Extent of Incomplete Angiographic Revascularization After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Acute Coronary Syndromes
Authors: Gregg F. Rosner, Ajay J. Kirtane, Philippe Genereux, Alexandra J. Lansky, Ecaterina Cristea, Bernard J. Gersh, Giora Weisz, Helen Parise, Martin Fahy, Roxana Mehran, Gregg W. Stone
Journal: Circulation (2012)

The clinical significance of incomplete coronary revascularization (ICR) after percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with acute coronary syndromes is unknown.We performed quantitative angiography of the entire coronary tree in 2954 patients with acute coronary syndromes in the Acute Catheterization and Urgent Intervention Triage Strategy (ACUITY) trial. ICR was variably defined if any lesion with diameter stenosis (DS) cutoffs ranging from ≥30% to ≥70% with reference vessel diameter ≥2.0 mm remained after percutaneous coronary intervention. The primary outcome was 1-year composite rate of major adverse cardiac events (death, myocardial infarction, or ischemia-driven unplanned revascularization). With the use of DS cutoffs ≥30%, ≥40%, ≥50%, ≥60%, and ≥70%, the prevalence of ICR after percutaneous coronary intervention was 75%, 55%, 37%, 25%, and 17%, respectively. The 1-year major adverse cardiac event rate was increased among patients with ICR using all of the DS cutoffs. ICR (≥50% DS) was associated with higher 1-year rates of myocardial infarction (12.0% versus 8.2%; hazard ratio, 1.50; 95% confidence interval, 1.18-1.89; P=0.0007) and ischemia-driven unplanned revascularization (15.7% versus 10.2%; hazard ratio, 1.58; 95% confidence interval, 1.28-1.96; P<0.0001), with a trend toward increased mortality (3.1% versus 2.2%; hazard ratio, 1.43; 95% confidence interval, 0.90-2.27; P=0.13). By multivariable analysis, ICR (≥50% DS) was an independent predictor of 1-year major adverse cardiac events (hazard ratio, 1.36; 95% confidence interval, 1.12-1.64; P=0.002). The impact of ICR on major adverse cardiac events was similar regardless of chronic total occlusion presence, but it was more pronounced with a greater number of nonrevascularized lesions.Depending on the threshold of percent DS, ICR was present in 17% to 75% of patients with acute coronary syndromes after percutaneous coronary intervention. Regardless of the threshold, ICR was strongly associated with 1-year myocardial infarction, ischemia-driven unplanned revascularization, and major adverse cardiac events.URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT00093158.
The Clinical Potential of Targeted Nanomedicine: Delivering to Cancer Stem-like Cells
Authors: Sang-Soo Kim, Antonina Rait, Farwah Rubab, Abhi K Rao, Michael C Kiritsy, Kathleen F Pirollo, Shangzi Wang, Louis M Weiner, Esther H Chang
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2013)

Cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) have been implicated in recurrence and treatment resistance in many human cancers. Thus, a CSC-targeted drug delivery strategy to eliminate CSCs is a desirable approach for developing a more effective anticancer therapy. We have developed a tumor-targeting nanodelivery platform (scL) for systemic administration of molecular medicines. Following treatment with the scL nanocomplex carrying various payloads, we have observed exquisite tumor-targeting specificity and significant antitumor response with long-term survival benefit in numerous animal models. We hypothesized that this observed efficacy might be attributed, at least in part, to elimination of CSCs. Here, we demonstrate the ability of scL to target both CSCs and differentiated nonstem cancer cells (non-CSCs) in various mouse models including subcutaneous and intracranial xenografts, syngeneic, and chemically induced tumors. We also show that systemic administration of scL carrying the wtp53 gene was able to induce tumor growth inhibition and the death of both CSCs and non-CSCs in subcutaneous colorectal cancer xenografts suggesting that this could be an effective method to reduce cancer recurrence and treatment resistance. This scL nanocomplex is being evaluated in a number of clinical trials where it has been shown to be well tolerated with indications of anticancer activity. Cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) have been implicated in recurrence and treatment resistance in many human cancers. Thus, a CSC-targeted drug delivery strategy to eliminate CSCs is a desirable approach for developing a more effective anticancer therapy. We have developed a tumor-targeting nanodelivery platform (scL) for systemic administration of molecular medicines. Following treatment with the scL nanocomplex carrying various payloads, we have observed exquisite tumor-targeting specificity and significant antitumor response with long-term survival benefit in numerous animal models. We hypothesized that this observed efficacy might be attributed, at least in part, to elimination of CSCs. Here, we demonstrate the ability of scL to target both CSCs and differentiated nonstem cancer cells (non-CSCs) in various mouse models including subcutaneous and intracranial xenografts, syngeneic, and chemically induced tumors. We also show that systemic administration of scL carrying the wtp53 gene was able to induce tumor growth inhibition and the death of both CSCs and non-CSCs in subcutaneous colorectal cancer xenografts suggesting that this could be an effective method to reduce cancer recurrence and treatment resistance. This scL nanocomplex is being evaluated in a number of clinical trials where it has been shown to be well tolerated with indications of anticancer activity.
Increased Mortality of Women in Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery: Evidence for Referral Bias
Authors: Steven S. Khan
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1990)

To determine whether differences in referral reasons explain the higher operative mortality of women in coronary artery bypass surgery.Case series.A tertiary care, private teaching hospital.Consecutive patients who had isolated coronary artery bypass surgery between 1982 and 1987 (total, 2297; 79% male and 21% female).The inhospital mortality rate was significantly higher for women than for men (4.6% compared with 2.6%; P = 0.036; 95% CI for difference in mortality, 0% to 4.0%). Women were older than men (mean, 68.2 and 64.0 years, respectively; P less than 0.001), and a higher percentage of women were referred with unstable angina (P = 0.007), postmyocardial infarction angina (P = 0.029), congestive heart failure (P less than 0.001), and New York Heart Association class IV symptoms (66% compared with 45%, P less than 0.001). More men were referred with a history of an abnormal exercise test (P less than 0.001), and patients referred because of a positive exercise test had a lower mortality (P less than 0.001). Using multivariate analysis, adjustment for the higher preoperative functional class of women and for age accounted for all of the difference in mortality between men and women (odds ratio, 1.04; CI, 0.60 to 1.79; P = 0.89). After correction for functional class alone, there continued to be no significant difference in mortality between men and women (P = 0.40).Differences in functional class and age account for the higher operative mortality of women in coronary bypass surgery. Women are referred for coronary bypass surgery later in the course of their disease than men, and later referral may increase their changes of operative death.
Anti-arrhythmic and serum free fatty acid lowering effects of 5-fluoro-nicotinyl alcohol following experimentally induced myocardial infarction in the dog
Authors: E. R. SMITH, B. R. DUCE
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1974)

Intravenous and oral doses of 1 or 3 mg/kg and 1, 10, and 100 mg/kg, respectively, of the hydrochloride salt of 5-fluoro-nicotinyl alcohol (5-fluoro-3-hydroxy-methyl-pyridine) were administered to eight fasted, unanaesthetized dogs approximately 48 hr after they had been subjected to a two-stage ligation of the anterior descending branch of the left coronary artery. At the time of treatment all eight of the dogs exhibited ventricular extrasystoles or ventricular tachycardias. Treatment was well tolerated with no overt adverse effects and no changes in the arterial pressure, atrial rate, or P-R, QRS, and Q-T intervals of normal sinus beats. The only significant effects of 5-fluoro-nicotinyl alcohol were a mild anti-arrhythmic effect, reflected in a reduced incidence of abnormal ventricular beats, and a distinct lowering of serum free fatty acids. Since the time-course of these two effects was strikingly similar and in view of other evidence concerning the role of serum free fatty acids in the genesis of arrhythmias, it is concluded that the anti-arrhythmic effect of 5-fluoro-nicotinyl alcohol may result from its ability to lower serum FFA and that FFA may play a role in the genesis of the delayed arrhythmias produced in the dog by coronary artery occlusion.
THE MEDICO-LEGAL ASPECT OF ABDOMINAL SECTION.Read in the Section of Medicai Jurisprudence, at the Forty-first Annual Meeting of the Atnerican Medical Association, Nashville, May, 1890.
Authors: A. VANDERVEER
Journal: JAMA (1890)

A year ago I had the pleasure of presenting to the Section on Obstetrics and Diseases of Women and Children, American Medical Association, a paper on "Concealed Pregnancy, and its Relation to Abdominal Surgery." In the preparation of that paper considerable time was devoted to the compiling of a table of cases wherein abdominal section revealed an undiagnosticated pregnancy. This table is measurably complete, and journals, by extract, and summaries, have given a wide circulation to the paper and the table. While that table was in preparation, from letters and other sources, my attention was called to the medico-legal aspect of abdominal surgery, in its general relations, and to the probable testimony of expert witnesses in the cases where an action for malpractice is brought. For this, and the other reason that two American surgeons have already been compelled to plead to an indictment of manslaughter, it
Arrhythmogenic Effects of β <sub>2</sub> -Adrenergic Stimulation in the Failing Heart Are Attributable to Enhanced Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Ca Load
Authors: Jaime DeSantiago, Xun Ai, Mohammed Islam, Georgia Acuna, Mark T. Ziolo, Donald M. Bers, Steven M. Pogwizd
Journal: Circulation Research (2008)

Ventricular tachycardia in heart failure (HF) can initiate by nonreentrant mechanisms such as delayed afterdepolarizations. In an arrhythmogenic rabbit model of HF, we have shown that isoproterenol induces ventricular tachycardia in vivo and aftercontractions and transient inward currents in HF myocytes. To determine whether beta(2)-adrenergic receptor (beta(2)-AR) stimulation contributes, we performed in vivo drug infusion, in vitro myocyte and biochemical studies. Intravenous zinterol (2.5 microg/kg) led to ventricular arrhythmias, including ventricular tachycardia up to 13 beats long in 4 of 6 HF rabbits (versus 0 of 5 controls, P<0.01), an effect blocked by beta(2)-AR antagonist ICI-118,551 (0.2 mg/kg). In field-stimulated myocytes (0.5 to 4 Hz, 37 degrees C), beta(2)-AR stimulation (1 micromol/L zinterol+300 nmol/L beta(1)-AR antagonist CGP-29712A) induced aftercontractions and Ca aftertransients in 88% of HF versus 0% of control myocytes (P<0.01). beta(2)-AR stimulation in HF (but not control) myocytes increased Ca transient amplitude (by 29%), sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca load (by 28%), the rate of [Ca](i) decline (by 28%; n=12, all P<0.05), and phospholamban phosphorylation at Ser16, but Ca current was unchanged. All of these effects in HF myocytes were blocked by ICI-118,551 (100 nmol/L). Although total beta-AR expression was reduced by 47% in HF rabbit left ventricle, beta(2)-AR number was unchanged, indicating more potent beta(2)-AR-dependent SR Ca uptake and arrhythmogenesis in HF. Human HF myocytes showed similar beta(2)-AR-induced aftercontractions, aftertransients, and enhanced Ca transient amplitude, SR Ca load and twitch [Ca](i) decline rate. Thus, beta(2)-AR stimulation is arrhythmogenic in HF, mediated by SR Ca overload-induced spontaneous SR Ca release and aftercontractions.
Genome-wide association study identifies five new susceptibility loci for prostate cancer in the Japanese population
Authors: Ryo Takata, Shusuke Akamatsu, Michiaki Kubo, Atsushi Takahashi, Naoya Hosono, Takahisa Kawaguchi, Tatsuhiko Tsunoda, Johji Inazawa, Naoyuki Kamatani, Osamu Ogawa, Tomoaki Fujioka, Yusuke Nakamura, Hidewaki Nakagawa
Journal: Nature Genetics (2010)
Toll-like receptor triggering can synergise with ige-mediated activation in ACPA+RA
Authors: J Suurmond, A M Bakker, E F Knol, T W J Huizinga, R E M Toes, A J M Schuerwegh
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2012)

<h3>Background and objectives</h3> Antibodies against citrullinated proteins (ACPA) are highly specific for rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Recently, the authors described a cellular immune response against citrullinated antigens that was only present in ACPA+RA-patients. This response was mediated via crosslinking IgE-ACPA bound to basophils, and suggests a major role for FcεRI-positive cells in the pathogenesis of RA. However, it is unknown whether mast cells, the main FcεRI expressing cell in synovium, can also be activated via this mechanism. As only limited information is present on TLR-expression and function in human mast cells, it is not known whether endogenous TLR ligands thought to contribute to chronicity of RA can also activate mast cells. The objective of the current study was to delineate the ability of IgE ACPA to activate human mast cells and to reveal potential synergistic effects with TLR-triggering. <h3>Materials and methods</h3> Mast cells were differentiated from peripheral blood CD34+ stem cells. Real-time quantitative PCR and flow cytometry were used to evaluate RNA and protein expression of TLRs, respectively. For TLR-mediated stimulation, mast cells were stimulated with pathogen-associated TLR ligands as well as HMGB1 and HSP70, endogenous TLR ligands implicated in RA. IgE-mediated activation was achieved by sensitising mast cells with serum of RA patients, after which the cells were activated using citrullinated fibrinogen. Activation of mast cells was measured using flow cytometry and cytokine assays (multiplex assays and ELISA). <h3>Results</h3> The authors show the presence of mRNA for TLR1-9 and protein expression of TLR-2 and -4 in human mast cells, with transcripts of TLR-4 being most abundant. Mast cells responded to TLR triggering with cytokine production, but not with degranulation. In contrast, mast cells sensitised with sera from ACPA+RA-patients readily degranulated upon exposure to citrullinated proteins, but not to their non-citrullinated counterparts. Remarkably, simultaneous triggering of mast cells via citrullinated proteins and endogenous RA-associated TLR-ligands greatly enhanced cytokine production. This was IgE-dependent as neutralisation of IgE completely abrogated the effects evoked by citrullinated antigens. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Our data show that human mast cells functionally express TLRs and that the activation via these receptors can synergise with IgE-mediated activation in ACPA+RA. These findings provide a new perspective of the role of mast cells and IgE-ACPA as a contributor to auto-immune processes present in RA patients, and suggest that inhibition of mast cells or blocking IgE might offer new treatment strategies in ACPA+RA.
CONCOMITANT QT PROLONGATION PREDICTS ALL CAUSE MORTALITY IN PATIENTS WITH VOLTAGE-CRITERIA FOR LEFT VENTRICULAR HYPERTROPHY ON A 12-LEAD ECG
Authors: Kristina H. Haugaa, Johan Bos, Evan Borkenhagen, Robert F. Tarrell, Bruce W. Morlan, Pedro J. Caraballo, Michael Ackerman
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
ANKYLOSTOMIASIS—REPORT OF A CASE.
Authors: R. LEE HALL
Journal: JAMA (1901)

This being one of the few cases of ankylostomiasis to be reported in this country, I present it to the profession. The patient, J. O'R., aged 38, an Englishman, was employed as a sailor on a vessel plying between Liverpool and cities in the United States. On his last trip the vessel touched a port in Mexico (Vera Cruz) a few days before entering any ports of the United States. Whether or not the man visited other ports or was subjected to circumstances conducive to the contraction of this disease could not be ascertained. He arrived in Baltimore about the last of September, feeling extremely weak and debilitated and suffering from some obstinate intestinal trouble. In consequence of this general condition he abandoned his return trip to Liverpool, entered a sailors' boarding house, and after remaining there for three or four days was admitted (Oct. 2, 1901) to Bayview Hospital.
ALK Rearrangement Testing by FISH Analysis in Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer Patients: Results of the First Italian External Quality Assurance Scheme
Authors: Antonio Marchetti, Massimo Barberis, Mauro Papotti, Giulio Rossi, Renato Franco, Sara Malatesta, Fiamma Buttitta, Andrea Ardizzoni, Lucio Crinò, Cesare Gridelli, Gian Luigi Taddei, Claudio Clemente, Giorgio Scagliotti, Nicola Normanno, Carmine Pinto
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2014)
Interferon and Hepatitis B Virus
Authors: Monto Ho
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1976)

IN this issue of the Journal Greenberg and his colleagues report that interferon depresses Dane-particle-associated DNA, DNA polymerase and core antigen in chronic active hepatitis. Dane particles are the presumed etiologic virus of Type B hepatitis. It is a pleasant surprise to learn that interferon may have an effect on an established chronic infection caused by a poorly understood but extremely important DNA virus.Interferon, a unique antiviral substance, is a cellular protein that inhibits intracellular viral replication at the level of transcription of the viral genome or the translation of viral proteins. To take effect, cells must usually be . . .
Risk for Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Patients With Alcoholic Cirrhosis
Authors: Peter Jepsen, Peter Ott, Per Kragh Andersen, Henrik Toft Sørensen, Hendrik Vilstrup
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2012)

Patients with alcoholic cirrhosis are at higher risk for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The role of HCC surveillance for these patients is undefined.To provide population-based estimates of HCC incidence and comparisons of HCC-related mortality and total mortality among patients with alcoholic cirrhosis as a basis for assessing the role of HCC surveillance.Nationwide, registry-based, historical cohort study.Denmark.All Danish citizens with a first-time hospital diagnosis of alcoholic cirrhosis from 1993 to 2005.Hepatocellular carcinoma incidence and mortality starting 1 year after diagnosis of alcoholic cirrhosis through 2009; ratio of HCC-related mortality to total mortality.Among 8482 patients, 169 developed HCC. A total of 5734 patients died, 151 of whom had developed HCC. Five-year cumulative HCC risk was 1.0% (95% CI, 0.8% to 1.3%), and 5-year cumulative mortality was 43.7% (CI, 42.6% to 44.7%). Only 1.8% of all deaths were HCC-related. In sensitivity analyses that included all possible HCC diagnoses and a subpopulation of patients who were followed by hepatologists, the highest 5-year HCC risk was 1.9% (CI, 0.8% to 3.9%). These patients did not have higher mortality than patients in the nationwide cohort.Cirrhosis and HCC diagnoses were made by hospital physicians without uniform clinical criteria, and use of registry data precluded detailed information on clinical care of patients, including HCC surveillance.Danish patients with alcoholic cirrhosis have a low risk for HCC, and HCC contributes little to their high mortality. On the basis of these data, HCC surveillance would be expected to have a minimal effect on mortality and is unlikely to be cost-effective.
Gram-negative infections in cancer. Study of empiric therapy comparing carbenicillin-cephalothin with and without gentamicin
Authors: J. Klastersky
Journal: JAMA (1974)

The combination of carbenicillin disodium and cephalothin sodium was compared in a double-blind study with that of carbenicillin, cephalothin, and gentamicin sulfate therapy in patients with disseminated cancer. These therapies were used empirically prior to recognition of the offending pathogen; however, only infections caused by Gram-negative bacilli were used for the evaluation of the two combinations. A favorable clinical response was observed in 32 (80%) of 40 patients who received carbenicillin and cephalothin and in 31 (76%) of those who received carbenicillin, cephalothin, and gentamicin therapy. The antibacterial activity of the sera of the patients was similar whether the double- or the triple-drug regimen was given. The administration of carbenicillin, cephalothin, and gentamicin was associated with a higher incidence of untoward effects, especially azotemia, than was that of carbenicillin and cephalothin.
Adjusting for Patient Demographics Has Minimal Effects on Rates of Adenoma Detection in a Large, Community-based Setting
Authors: Christopher D Jensen, Chyke A Doubeni, Virginia P Quinn, Theodore R Levin, Ann G Zauber, Joanne E Schottinger, Amy R Marks, Wei K Zhao, Jeffrey K Lee, Nirupa R Ghai, Jennifer L Schneider, Bruce H Fireman, Charles P Quesenberry, Douglas A Corley
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2014)