tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Respiratory and Hemodynamic Measurements During Anesthesia-Reply
Authors: Robert W. Virtue
Journal: JAMA (1962)

Dr. Galla and I share similar concern about the effect of halothane on circulation. The only value that I can see in publishing Doctor Galla's communication of Feb. 12 to you, and this reply, is to emphasize the amount of information that needs to be obtained from published figures in these days of abbreviated communications. The example at point concerns cardiac output, which was listed at 5.17 ± 0.50 liters per minute. The standard error of the mean is equal to the standard deviation divided by the square root of N — 1. Ten subjects were measured, so N = 10. The square root of N — 1 therefore becomes 3. The standard deviation then will be 3 times 0.50, which equals 1.50; and 1.50 is 28% of 5.17. These values then state statistically that approximately one-third of the values will lie between the average (5.17) and 28% below that figure.
Multicenter Phase II Trial of Motexafin Gadolinium and Pemetrexed for Second-Line Treatment in Patients with Non-small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Martin J. Edelman, Gregory Otterson, Joseph Leach, Thomas Malpass, Ravi Salgia, Dennie Jones, Tarak D. Mody, Ramaswamy Govindan
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2011)
Haemodynamic and neurohumoral response in heart failure produced by rapid ventricular pacing
Authors: C M Travill, T D M Williams, P Pate, G Song, J Chalmers, S L Lightman, R Sutton, M I M Noble
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1992)

Journal Article Haemodynamic and neurohumoral response in heart failure produced by rapid ventricular pacing Get access C M Travill, C M Travill Correspondence to Professor Noble. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar T D M Williams, T D M Williams Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar P Pate, P Pate Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar G Song, G Song Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar J Chalmers, J Chalmers Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar S L Lightman, S L Lightman Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar R Sutton, R Sutton Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar M I M Noble M I M Noble Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 26, Issue 8, August 1992, Pages 783–790, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/26.8.783 Published: 01 August 1992 Article history Received: 16 October 1991 Accepted: 20 February 1992 Published: 01 August 1992
Sri Lankan <i>sanni</i> masks: an ancient classification of disease
Authors: Mark S Bailey, H Janaka de Silva
Journal: BMJ (2006)

A broader understanding towards factors underlying inter-individual variation in pharmacotherapy is important for our pursuit of "personalized medicine". Based on knowledge gleaned from the investigation of the human genetics, drug metabolizing enzymes and transporters, clinicians and pharmacists are able to tailor pharmacotherapies according to the genotype of patients. However, human host factors only form part of the equation that accounts for heterogeneity in therapeutic outcome. Notably, the gut microbiota possesses wide ranging metabolic activities that expands the metabolic functions of the human host beyond that encoded by the human genome. This review will first illustrate with examples the mechanisms in which gut microbes modulate pharmacokinetics and therapeutic outcome. Secondly, we discuss the application of metabonomics in deciphering the complex host-gut microbiota interaction in pharmacotherapy. Thirdly, we highlight an integrative approach with particular mention of the investigation of gut microbiota using culture-based and culture-independent techniques to complement the investigation of the host-gut microbiota axes in pharmaceutical research.
809 IMMEDIATE OR DELAYED TREATMENT INITIATION WITH “PREVIR” CONTAINING REGIMENS IN HCV-INFECTED NAIVE GENOTYPE 1 (G1) PATIENTS WITHOUT SEVERE FIBROSIS? A COST-EFFECTIVENESS ANALYSIS (ANRS N°12188)
Authors: S. Deuffic-Burban, M. Schwarzinger, V. Mallet, S. Pol, G.-P. Pageaux, V. Canva-Delcambre, P. Deltenre, F. Roudot- Thoraval, D. Larrey, D. Dhumeaux, P. Mathurin, Y. Yazdanpanah
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
Animals in Research
Authors: Neal D. Barnard
Journal: JAMA (1988)

To the Editor.—  As a physician, I found the commentary entitled Animals in Research in the April 1 issue 1 sadly reflective of the defend at all costs posture so common in the research establishment. Such a posture obfuscates rational discussion of the subject and attempts to silence the dissent on this matter, which resonates not only from the lay community but also from members of the medical profession itself.  An objective evaluation of the role of the animal model in medical research finds it less than ideal. The War on  is an excellent example of its inadequacy. Despite multi-billion-dollar, intensive federal effort, augmented by private resources, little progress has been made. Cancer rates have climbed steadily each year. Drugs like interferon showed potential for fighting cancer in laboratory animals but have been largely unsuccessful in human patients. More than three years ago, John Leavitt, PhD, 2 director of
EFFICACY OF THE ANGIOGENESIS INHIBITOR OF BEVACIZUMAB ON THE ARTERIAL SCLEROSIS OF CANCER PATIENTS
Authors: Archontoula Michelongona, Konstantinos Toutouzas, Andreas Synetos, Maria Drakopoulou, Georgios Benetos, Flora Zagouri, Aristotle Mpamias, Athanasios Meletios Dimopoulos, Dimitris Tousoulis, Christodoulos Stefanadis
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Pituitary function following treatment with reproductive toxins.
Authors: R L Cooper, J M Goldman, G L Rehnberg
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1986)

Appropriate regulation of reproductive processes are dependent upon the integrity of pituitary function. In this selected review, we evaluate the evidence that certain environmental compounds exert their effect on reproductive function via a direct action on the pituitary gland. We also discuss examples of changes in pituitary hormone secretion that occur in response to changes in neuronal or gonadal control of the pituitary. A limited number of studies suggest that measures of pituitary hormone secretion provide an early and sensitive measure of a compound's potential effects on the reproductive system. However, the most striking aspect of this area is the sparse and inconsistent information describing pituitary function following exposure to environmental pollutants.
Reactive hyperaemia in the dog heart: inter-relations between adenosine, ATP, and aminophylline and the effect of indomethacin
Authors: R. W. Giles, D. E. L. Wilcken
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1977)

Intracoronary adenosine, ATP, and the release of an 8 second occlusion increased coronary blood flow (CBF) to a similar extent. Aminophylline decreased the CBF response to adenosine by 80% and that to an 8 s occlusion by 20% but did not change the CBF response to ATP. Indomethacin had no effect on CBF. The results suggest that the increase in CBF after brief occlusions is not mediated in a major way by adenosine or prostaglandins.
Abstract 1689: The combination treatments using siRNA and CDDP are effective therapeutic options for cancers
Authors: Toshio Kokuryo, Yukihiro Yokoyama, Takeshi Senga, Masato Nagino, Michinari Hamaguchi
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Background: RNA interference technology has been developed as potential therapeutic options for several diseases, including cancer. Short interfering RNA (siRNA) is the best candidate for cancer therapy because of its specificity and efficiency in gene-specific silencing. We reported that the efficiency of siRNA as novel therapeutic agents for several cancers, such as cholangiocarcinoma, breast cancer and colorectal cancer. Methods: We examined the effect of a combination treatment using Nek2 (NIMA related kinase 2) siRNA with anti cancer agent, CDDP (Cisplatin) on xenograft colorectal cancer mouse model. We next examined the effect of a combination treatment using Tlk1 (Tousled like kinase 1) siRNA with CDDP on MTT assay and TUNEL assay on cholangiocarcinoma cell lines. Results and Discussion: The combination treatment using Nek2 siRNA and CDDP suppressed the tumor growth in colorectal cancer model, more efficiently than negative control siRNA and CDDP. It was more effective than the treatment with Nek2 siRNA alone. The combined administration of Tlk1 siRNA and CDDP strongly induced apoptosis in comparison with negative control siRNA and CDDP on cholangiocarcinoma cell lines. Tlk1 siRNA enhanced DNA damage induced by CDDP treatment. The combination of siRNA and CDDP was effective therapeutic options in colorectal cancer and cholangiocarcinoma. Conclusions: Our data provides a strong rationale for the further investigation concerning the combination of both siRNA and anti cancer drug as a new cancer strategy, holding the potential to provide regression of multiple human malignancies. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1689. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-1689
Ectopic induction of tendon and ligament in rats by growth and differentiation factors 5, 6, and 7, members of the TGF-beta gene family.
Authors: N M Wolfman, G Hattersley, K Cox, A J Celeste, R Nelson, N Yamaji, J L Dube, E DiBlasio-Smith, J Nove, J J Song, J M Wozney, V Rosen
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1997)

Little is known about the regulatory signals involved in tendon and ligament formation, and this lack of understanding has hindered attempts to develop biologically based therapies for tendon and ligament repair. Here we report that growth and differentiation factors (GDFs) 5, 6, and 7, members of the TGF-beta gene superfamily that are most related to the bone morphogenetic proteins, induce neotendon/ligament formation when implanted at ectopic sites in vivo. Analysis of tissue induced by GDF-5, 6, or 7, containing implants by currently available morphological and molecular criteria used to characterize tendon and ligament, adds further evidence to the idea that these GDFs act as signaling molecules during embryonic tendon/ligament formation. In addition, comparative in situ localizations of the GDF-5, 6, and 7 mRNAs suggest that these molecules are important regulatory components of synovial joint morphogenesis.
Encouraging Young Nurses
Authors: Brian Vastag
Journal: JAMA (2002)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Oxygen utilization and ventilation during exercise in patients with chronic cardiac failure.
Authors: K T Weber, G T Kinasewitz, J S Janicki, A P Fishman
Journal: Circulation (1982)

Muscular work requires the integration of cardiopulmonary mechanisms for gas exchange and O2 delivery. In patients with chronic cardiac failure, the response of these mechanisms may be impaired, and the pattern of O2 utilization (VO2) and gas exchange during exercise would thus provide an objective assessment of the severity of heart failure. Accordingly, rates of air flow, O2 uptake, CO2 elimination and minute ventilation were determined during progressive treadmill exercise in 62 patients with stable heart failure. Exercise cardiac output, systemic O2 extraction and lactate production were measured directly in 40 patients with heart failure of varying severity. As the severity of heart failure increased from class A to D, there was a progressive decrease in exercise capacity (from 1157 +/- 154 to 373 +/- 157 seconds) and maximum VO2 (23 +/- 3.2 to 8.4 +/- 1.5 ml/min/kg). These decreases corresponded with the reduced maximum cardiac output and stroke volume during exercise. The appearance of anaerobic metabolism (580 +/- 17 to 157 +/- 7 seconds of exercise) and the corresponding anaerobic threshold (17 +/- 0.34 to 7.1 +/- 1.5 ml/min/kg), determined noninvasively, were reproducible and correlated with the rise in mixed venous lactate concentration. No apparent untoward effects were experienced during or after the progressive exercise test. We conclude that the measurement of respiratory gas exchange and air flow during exercise is an objective, reproducible and safe noninvasive method for characterizing cardiac reserve and functional status in patients with chronic cardiac failure.
Systematic Review: Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillators for Adults with Left Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction
Authors: Justin A. Ezekowitz, Brian H. Rowe, Donna M. Dryden, Nicola Hooton, Ben Vandermeer, Carol Spooner, Finlay A. McAlister
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2007)

Background: Patients with left ventricular (LV) systolic dysfunction have an increased risk for ventricular arrhythmias. Purpose: To summarize the evidence about benefits and harms of implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs) in adult patients with LV systolic dysfunction. Data Sources: A search of electronic databases (including MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Central, and U.S. Food and Drug Administration reports) from 1980 through April 2007, not limited by language of publication, was supplemented by hand searches and contact with study authors and device manufacturers. Study Selection: Two reviewers independently selected studies on the basis of prespecified criteria. They selected 12 randomized, controlled trials (RCTs) (8516 patients) that reported on mortality and 76 observational studies (96 951 patients) that examined safety or effectiveness. Data Extraction: Data were extracted in duplicate and independently by 2 reviewers. Data Synthesis: In adult patients with LV systolic dysfunction, 86% of whom had New York Heart Association class II or III symptoms, ICDs reduced all-cause mortality by 20% (95% CI, 10% to 29%) in the RCTs and by 46% (CI, 32% to 57%) in the observational studies. Death associated with implantation of ICDs occurred during 1.2% (CI, 0.9% to 1.5%) of procedures. The frequency of postimplantation complications per 100 patient-years included 1.4 (CI, 1.2 to 1.6) device malfunctions, 1.5 (CI, 1.3 to 1.8) lead problems, and 0.6 (CI, 0.5 to 0.8) site infection. Rates of inappropriate discharges per 100 patient-years ranged from 19.1 (CI, 16.5 to 22.0) in RCTs to 4.9 (CI, 4.5 to 5.3) in observational studies. Limitations: Studies were of short duration and infrequently reported nonfatal outcomes. Few studies evaluated dual-chamber ICDs. Lack of individual-patient data prevents identification of subgroup-specific effects. Conclusions: Implantable cardioverter defibrillators are efficacious in reducing mortality for adult patients with LV systolic dysfunction, and this benefit extends to nontrial populations. Improved risk stratification tools to identify patients who are most likely to benefit from ICD are needed.
Dilemmas in treating early prostate cancer: the evidence and a questionnaire survey of consultant urologists in the United Kingdom
Authors: J. L Donovan, S. J Frankel, A. Faulkner, S. Selley, D. Gillatt, F. C Hamdy
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Editorial by Emberton

Evidence based medicine suggests that evidence of effectiveness should accumulate, preferably from randomised controlled trials, before treatments for any condition become widely used. The case of localised prostate cancer shows how difficult this can be in practice. The suitability of population screening for localised prostate cancer has been debated, 1 2 with particular concerns about the comparative effectiveness of the main treatments for the disease: radical prostatectomy, radical radiotherapy, and conservative management (also known as watchful waiting or surveillance). 3 4 Systematic reviews show that published evidence is limited to two seriously flawed randomised controlled trials and a range of observational studies with biases relating to patient selection, variable treatment techniques, outcome assessments, and methods of data analysis.3 These studies show that 10 year survival is good and overlaps for the three treatments, being 85-90% for radical prostatectomy, 65-90% for radical radiotherapy, and 70-90% for conservative management.3 Although some studies indicate a survival advantage of radical treatments in some patients, this advantage is small and uncertain given the particular study designs. Furthermore, …
Abstract 519: MicroRNA-31 is upregulated by EGF through C/EBPβ signaling cascade in HNSCC
Authors: Wen Cheng Lu, Shu Chun Lin, Kuo Wei Chang, Hsi Feng Tu
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract MicroRNA-31 (miR-31) was reported as an important oncomir in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) by targeting FIH gene and activating the hypoxia pathway. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) was also found up-regulated in 80% of HNSCC. The interplay between miR-31 expression and EGFR signaling in HNSCC attract our attention and is worthy elucidating. In this study, we identified the up-regulation of miR-31, miR-181b and miR-222 in OSCC cells following EGF treatment and subsequent analysis showed that EGF treatment up-regulated miR-31 via the AKT signaling pathway and this phenomenon could be counteracted by curcumin, a natural compound with anti-neoplastic activity. EGF treatment and associated AKT activation up-regulated C/EBPβ expression, which was also attenuated by curcumin. Expression of miR-31 could be up-regulated by exogenous C/EBPβ and this was correlated with decreased FIH expression. Moreover, the up-regulation of miR-31 induced by EGF was abrogated by knockdown of C/EBPβ expression. In human HNSCC tissues the significant correlation between expressions of EGFR, C/EBPβ and miR-31 was also detected. This study demonstrated a novel scenario that the up-regulation of miR-31 in HNSCC could be a consequence of EGFR activation, which are mediated by both AKT and C/EBPβ signaling. Citation Format: Wen Cheng Lu, Shu Chun Lin, Kuo Wei Chang, Hsi Feng Tu. MicroRNA-31 is upregulated by EGF through C/EBPβ signaling cascade in HNSCC. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 519. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-519
President's Report to the House of Delegates
Authors: James Z. Appel
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Before I begin my formal report to you, the members of this House of Delegates, I must pay tribute to the greatest staff of employees that any organization in the world has. Of course I refer to the some 900 employees of the AMA. Until you work with them as closely as the President of the AMA must, you do not truly appreciate the dedication and devotion with which they serve us thru AMA, and thru this service, the people of America. It would be unfair to single out by name any of this loyal group. Dr. Blasingame please convey to each and every one of your staff my most sincere appreciation for the help they have given me and the job they are doing for the AMA. One year ago I stood before the 1965 House of Delegates of the American Medical Association and presented to the House and
The Clay Pedestal: A Reexamination of the Doctor-Patient Relationship
Authors: Elliott B. Oppenheim
Journal: JAMA (1982)

When Dr Alan Nourse rocked organized medicine in the 1960s with<i>The Intern</i>, the establishment appeared astounded, shocked, and embarrassed. At the time we could not know that Nourse, with his pseudonym Dr X, was ushering in a wave of social change that has resulted in the dissection and, ultimately, in intimate understanding of health care delivery. Tom Preston hides behind neither a pseudonym nor a white coat, nor even his earned title. Previous novelized criticisms have jousted with, poked at, and even taunted the stethoscopetoting, self-important, God-like beings, and nonfiction attempts have further bared the ripe underbelly. Although an internist-cardiologist by trade, Preston surgically eviscerates the body but does not let it die. He proposes solutions. The problem, according to Preston, is that physicians have violated the "traditionally assumed contract between doctor and patient [which is]... only vaguely perceptible to a diffident public because of mystification and obscurity of
PERINEPHRITIC ABSCESS AS A UROLOGIC PROBLEM
Authors: NELSE F. OCKERBLAD
Journal: JAMA (1924)

Perinephritic abscess is a disease that has long been known; it was described by Hippocrates<sup>1</sup>in 460 B.C., who said, "As soon as a swelling has appeared in the region of the kidney, one should incise it down to the kidney." It is only within recent years that surgeons have deviated a hair's breadth from this advice. From the time of Hippocrates until 1879, when Rayer<sup>2</sup>classified perinephritic abscess as primary and secondary, considering those primary which originated in the perinephritic tissues and those secondary which extended to the perinephritic structures from a diseased kidney, no advance was made in the knowledge of this subject. It was Ramon Guiteras<sup>3</sup>who, in writing on this subject in 1906, stated that it was his conviction that primary perinephritic abscess did not exist except as a direct infection of the wound. Gustav Doberauer,<sup>4</sup>in presenting a study of twelve
What is a crossover trial?
Authors: P. Sedgwick
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Researchers evaluated the effectiveness of the cannabinoid dronabinol on central neuropathic pain in patients with multiple sclerosis.[1] The effectiveness of cannabinoids in relieving pain caused by central lesions in multiple sclerosis had not been investigated previously. A randomised double blind placebo controlled crossover trial study design was used. The intervention was orally administered dronabinol at a maximum dose of 10 mg daily or corresponding placebo. Each treatment period was for three weeks, separated by a three week washout period. All analgesic drugs, except for paracetamol, were discontinued at least one week before the start of the trial. The primary outcome was spontaneous pain intensity in the last week of each treatment period measured using a numerical rating scale. The researchers reported that, when compared with placebo, dronabinol had a significant analgesic effect on central pain in patients with multiple sclerosis. Although the effects were modest they were clinically relevant. The number of patients with adverse events was higher during active treatment, especially in the first week of treatment. The functional ability of the patients with regard to their multiple sclerosis did not change. Which of the following statements, if any, are true?