tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A Patient Questionnaire to Identify Bowel Disease
Authors: Nicholas J. Talley
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1989)

Although functional gastrointestinal symptoms are seen frequently by internists and are the commonest reason for patients to be referred to gastroenterologists, no validated self-report questionnaire is available for their diagnosis. To differentiate among non-ulcer dyspepsia, the irritable bowel syndrome, organic gastrointestinal disease, and health, we developed a self-report questionnaire. Our bowel disease questionnaire, which evaluated 46 symptom-related items was completed prospectively by 361 subjects before their clinical evaluation as outpatients. Of these subjects, 115 were categorized ultimately as having functional bowel disease (non-ulcer dyspepsia or the irritable bowel syndrome), 101 were categorized ultimately as having organic gastrointestinal disease, and 145 were healthy persons having routine periodic examinations for whom no additional diagnoses were made. All diagnoses were based on independent clinical evaluations, not on the patients' responses to the questionnaire. The bowel disease questionnaire was acceptable and easily completed; it elicited symptoms in a highly reliable manner and was shown to be a valid measure of functional bowel complaints. Our questionnaire discriminated non-ulcer dyspepsia from irritable bowel syndrome with a sensitivity of 75% and a specificity of 72%, and it discriminated functional bowel disease from organic disease and health with sensitivities of 85% and 83%, and specificities of 60% and 76%, respectively. We believe that this questionnaire is an additional and useful diagnostic tool for identifying patients with functional gastrointestinal symptoms.
Cutaneous Metastases From Carcinoma of the Colon
Authors: Jeffrey A. Gottlieb
Journal: JAMA (1970)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Cutaneous metastases from carcinoma of the colon are relatively uncommon, having been reported in less than 4% of patients with colonic cancer coming to autopsy.<sup>1,2</sup>When this type of metastasis does appear, however, it may be the first evidence of tumor spread,<sup>3,4</sup>and thus warn the clinician. Since the gross appearance of these metastases is not distinctive,<sup>3</sup>early biopsy is most important. We have recently treated two patients with adenocarcinoma of the colon in whom the first manifestation of tumor spread was the appearance of rather striking skin metastases. In both cases, delay between the appearance of the skin lesions and the recognition (by biopsy) of their true nature lost the opportunity to institute further therapy while the tumor mass was still small. The first patient had extensive metastases to the hands 4 1/2 years after the removal of the primary tumor, while the
Von Hippel-Lindau's Disease
Authors: Lee A. Christoferson
Journal: JAMA (1961)

The combination of cystic and angiomatous lesions called von Hippel-Lindau's disease was sought for among 90 members of an afflicted family, and various manifestations were found in 11 persons. Angiomas were found in the cerebellum in 5 cases, in the brain stem in 3, and in the retina in 3. There were 6 hypernephromas, and polycystic disease was found in the kidneys of 4 and the pancreas of 5 persons. The incidence was 12%. Genetic study indicated that the trait is inherited in a modified dominant pattern with only a moderate degree of penetrance. It was apparently transmitted by affected or unaffected members of either sex.
US scientist plans human cloning clinic
Authors: D. Josefson
Journal: BMJ (1998)

A Chicago scientist plans to open a human cloning clinic within the year and hopes to produce the first human clone within 18 months.

The scientist, Richard Seed, wants to offer the procedure to infertile couples. Dr Seed holds a doctorate in physics and is not medically qualified. He does, however, have experience in reproductive genetics and was involved in introducing the process of in vitro embryo transfer from farm animals to humans.

Dr Seed's announcement has rekindled debate on the feasibility as well as on the ethical, moral, and legal consequences of human cloning. After the successful cloning of Dolly the sheep in Scotland last year, President Clinton banned federal funding for research into human cloning and proposed a law forcing a five year moratorium on such work. Acknowledging that the federal ban would not affect private research, President Clinton urged the private sector to adhere to the moratorium as well. ‘Any discovery that touches upon human creation is not simply a matter of scientific inquiry. It is a matter of morality and spirituality as well. That is why I’m urging …
Biosynthesis, metabolization and biological importance of the primary 15-lipoxygenase metabolites 15-hydro(pero)xy-5Z,8Z,11Z,13E-eicosatetraenoic acid and 13-hydro(pero)xy-9Z,11E-octadecadienoic acid
Authors: Hartmut Kühn
Journal: Progress in Lipid Research (1996)
Lateral subcutaneous sphincterotomy versus anal dilatation in the treatment of fissure in ano in outpatients: a prospective randomised study.
Authors: S L Jensen, F Lund, O V Nielsen, G Tange
Journal: BMJ (1984)

Fifty eight patients with idiopathic chronic anal fissure were included in a randomised prospective trial of lateral subcutaneous sphincterotomy versus simple anal dilatation carried out as outpatient procedures. Operations were performed under local anaesthesia and the patients reviewed 10-30 months later (median follow up time 18 months). Altogether 30 patients were treated by lateral subcutaneous sphincterotomy and 28 by anal dilatation. No serious complications were observed in either group. One recurrence was observed in the group treated by sphincterotomy, whereas eight occurred in the other group (p less than 0.05). Functional results with respect to impaired control of flatus and soiling of underwear were significantly better after sphincterotomy (p less than 0.002). It is concluded that lateral subcutaneous sphincterotomy is the treatment of choice for idiopathic chronic anal fissure resistant to conservative measures.
Predictors of Premature Termination of Day Treatment for Personality Disorder
Authors: John S. Ogrodniczuk, Anthony S. Joyce, Larry D. Lynd, William E. Piper, Paul I. Steinberg, Kathryn Richardson
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2008)

&lt;i&gt;Background:&lt;/i&gt; Premature termination is a common problem in the treatment of personality disorder. Efforts to improve compliance should begin by recognising risk factors for premature termination. This prospective study identified predictors of premature termination from a day treatment program for personality disorder. &lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;/i&gt; Consecutively admitted patients with a personality disorder (n = 197) were assessed with self-report and interview measures. Patient personality characteristics were the primary predictors. Others were demographic, initial disturbance, and personality disorder variables. Cox proportional hazards regression was used. &lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;/i&gt; Risk of terminating prematurely significantly increased if the patient had been previously hospitalised for psychiatric difficulties, was younger, had fewer prior contacts with health and social services, and had more severe borderline personality disorder traits. &lt;i&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/i&gt; Information about which patients are at high risk for premature termination can help clinicians take measures to modify the risk. This might involve selection decisions, pre-treatment preparation, close monitoring during treatment, or addition of adjunctive interventions.
CD4+/CD56+ TdT+ haematodermic neoplasm (previously called blastic natural killer cell lymphoma) in a patient with chronic human T-cell leukaemia virus type 1 infection: a previously unreported association
Authors: J. Gurgen, D. Hogan, K. Muller, J. Flowers, W. Sexton
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2010)

Conflicts of interest: none declared. Madam, The previous World Health Organization’s (WHO) classification of malignant lymphomas defined CD4+/CD56+ blastic natural killer (NK)‐cell lymphoma arising from NK‐cell precursors. However, recent studies suggest a plasmacytoid dendritic cell precursor.1, 2 Therefore, the new WHO classification has been recently changed to ‘CD4+/CD56+ haematodermic neoplasm’. CD4+/CD56+ haematodermic neoplasm is a clinically aggressive neoplasm with a median survival of 14 months.3 Human T‐cell leukaemia virus type 1 (HTLV‐1) has been classically associated with adult T‐cell leukaemia/lymphoma (ATLL). A recent review of PubMed for key terms ‘NK‐lymphoma’, ‘HTLV‐1’ and ‘CD4+ CD56+ lymphoma’ did not reveal any cases of CD4+/CD56+ blastic NK‐cell lymphoma in association with HTLV‐1 infection. The incidence of HTLV‐1 infection is increased in endemic areas such as central Africa, the Caribbean islands, Fukuoka, Japan and South America.4, 5 It has been well documented that infectious agents such as Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) and HTLV‐1 are associated with lymphomas. Classically, EBV infection is associated with nasal‐type NK lymphomas.6 Currently there is no infectious aetiology associated with CD4+/CD56+ haematodermic neoplasm.
The Detection of Heart Disease in Children
Authors: ROBERT A. MILLER, JEREMIAH STAMLER, JACQUES M. SMITH, WALTER S. MILNE, MILTON H. PAUL, IRVING ABRAMS, ALOIS R. HASTREITER, RAYMOND M. RESTIVO, LOUIS DEBOER
Journal: Circulation (1965)

PREVIOUS REPORTS a method was described for the detection of heart disease in large populations of school children by a tape-recording system in a mobile trailer.Re- sults were presented of the first mass field trial, accomplished in Chicago public elemen- tary school children." 2 Since the presentation of these reports two additional research and developmental studies have been done, with semiportable equipment but without a trailer.The first surveyed the elementary and junior high school population in Michigan City, In- diana; the second, Chicago area high school students.The results of these investigations are reported in this and the subsequent paper.The primary objective of the Michigan City study was to test validity of the method.In- formation on prevalence rates of rheumatic and congenital heart disease, prevalence of
Defective EBV-Specific Suppressor T-Cell Function in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Giovanna Tosato, Alfred D. Steinberg, R. Michael Blaese
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1981)

Several lines of evidence, including high antibody titers to Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated antigens and rapid transformation of B cells into lymphoblastoid cells lines, suggest an association between EBV and rheumatoid arthritis. When lymphocytes from normal immune donors were infected with EBV in culture, they produced an exponentially increasing number of immunoglobulin-secreting cells for eight to 10 days. Thereafter, there was a marked late suppression of their response, mediated by immunoregulatory T cells; by 12 days in culture, this suppression averaged 90 per cent. Lymphocytes from 20 EBV-immune patients with rheumatoid arthritis also responded with increasing production of immunoglobulin-secreting cells, but the late suppression expected in immune donors was absent. Tests of several other T-cell functions in these patients gave normal results, suggesting a more restricted defect in suppressor-T cell function relating specifically to EBV. Since EBV persists in host B cells and thus represents a potential stimulus for immunoglobulin production, this persistence, along with a specific regulatory T-cell defect, may contribute to many of the immune abnormalities underlying rheumatoid arthritis.
Tissue Permeability--a Factor in Atherogenesis
Authors: CHUN-I WANG, LOUIS E. SCHAEFER, DAVID ADLERSBERG
Journal: Circulation Research (1955)

Cortisone has a retarding effect on atherogenesis in cholesterol-fed rabbits, despite higher plasma cholesterol levels. This effect of cortisone is prevented by administration of hyaluronidase. The latter intensifies atherosclerosis and deposition of cholesterol in the liver.
Analysis and Simulation of the Left Ventricular Response to Autonomic Nervous Activity
Authors: P. J. Martin, M. N. Levy, H. Zieske
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1969)

Statistical experimental design techniques and a hybrid computer simulation have been used to quantitate the left ventricular systolic pressure (LVSP) response to simultaneous stimulation of both autonomic divisions in the isolated, isovolumic heart. A quadratic regression response surface was derived which clearly indicates the extent of the vagal–sympathetic amplitude interaction. Dynamically, the vagal-LVSP response is essentially first order for increasing and decreasing nervous activity; the sympathetic-LVSP response is well represented by parallel first and second order components for increasing activity, and parallel first order components for decreasing activity.
CEREBRAL DECOMPRESSION.PALLIATIVE OPERATIONS IN THE TREATMENT OF TUMORS OF THE BRAIN.
Authors: WILLIAM G. SPILLER
Journal: JAMA (1906)

<h3>Case 4.</h3> —Tumor of the cerebellum or cerebellopontile angle. The tumor was not found, but great benefit was obtained by a craniotomy associated with excision of a portion of one lateral lobe. <h3>History.</h3> —C. E., aged 23, was admitted to the University Hospital, Dee. 7, 1903, and was placed under the care of Dr. Charles K. Mills who reported that his illness began several months prior to his admission to the hospital, the principal symptoms being dizziness and intense headache, starting in the occipital region and radiating toward the forehead. Five weeks later his sight began to fail and a week later some weakness of the left arm and leg were noticed. At the time of his admission to the hospital he was suffering from the most distressing headache, which was almost constant, and from vertigo and ataxia to such an extent that it was almost impossible for him to
The Categorica Dialogue
Authors: Stephen E. Goldfinger
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1978)

BECAUSE of the prevalent assumption that all Plato's dialogues were known to scholars from the time of the Academy, the recent discovery of the "Categorica" scroll has sparked unprecedented controversy among experts. Its authenticity has been challenged on the basis of parchment analyses, syntactical aberrations and finally, epistemologic nuances that smack of Neo-Platonism (or beyond). Yet consideration of the universality of Plato's themes prompts early publication of the first English translation from the decaying Arabic text, even at the risk of perpetrating an unfortunate hoax: Socrates: In our last conversation it was you, Thrasymachus, who considered the marriage of wisdom . . .
Plasma Copeptin and the Risk of Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Sofia Enhörning, Thomas J. Wang, Peter M. Nilsson, Peter Almgren, Bo Hedblad, Göran Berglund, Joachim Struck, Nils G. Morgenthaler, Andreas Bergmann, Eero Lindholm, Leif Groop, Valeria Lyssenko, Marju Orho-Melander, Christopher Newton-Cheh, Olle Melander
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Background— Animal studies suggest that the arginine vasopressin system may play a role in glucose metabolism, but data from humans are limited. Methods and Results— We analyzed plasma copeptin (copeptin), a stable C-terminal fragment of the arginine vasopressin prohormone. Using baseline and longitudinal data from a Swedish population-based sample (n=4742; mean age, 58 years; 60% women) and multivariable logistic regression, we examined the association of increasing quartiles of copeptin (lowest quartile as reference) with prevalent diabetes mellitus at baseline, insulin resistance (top quartile of fasting plasma insulin among nondiabetic subjects), and incident diabetes mellitus on long-term follow-up. New-onset diabetes mellitus was ascertained through 3 national and regional registers. All models were adjusted for clinical and anthropometric risk factors, cystatin C, and C-reactive protein. In cross-sectional analyses, increasing copeptin was associated with prevalent diabetes mellitus ( P =0.04) and insulin resistance ( P &lt;0.001). During 12.6 years of follow-up, 174 subjects (4%) developed new-onset diabetes mellitus. The odds of developing diabetes mellitus increased across increasing quartiles of copeptin, even after additional adjustment for baseline fasting glucose and insulin (adjusted odds ratios, 1.0, 1.37, 1.79, and 2.09; P for trend=0.004). The association with incident diabetes mellitus remained significant in analyses restricted to subjects with fasting whole blood glucose &lt;5.4 mmol/L at baseline (adjusted odds ratios, 1.0, 1.80, 1.92, and 3.48; P =0.001). Conclusions— Elevated copeptin predicts increased risk for diabetes mellitus independently of established clinical risk factors, including fasting glucose and insulin. These findings could have implications for risk assessment, novel antidiabetic treatments, and metabolic side effects from arginine vasopressin system modulation.
Modeling of dose-response relationships.
Authors: B Altshuler
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1981)

The main dose-response models for chronic toxicity are considered. For dichotomous response, the log probit, multi-hit, and multistage models are presented. For time-to-occurrence response, the log-normal and three variations of multistage models are presented. Finally, the Cornfield hockey-stick model is considered, and, for low-dose extrapolation, it is suggested that response be taken to be proportional to dose and to a power of time determined by background response.
Thyroid hormone receptor repression is linked to type I pneumocyte–associated respiratory distress syndrome
Authors: Liming Pei, Mathias Leblanc, Grant Barish, Annette Atkins, Russell Nofsinger, Jamie Whyte, David Gold, Mingxiao He, Kazuko Kawamura, Hai-Ri Li, Michael Downes, Ruth T Yu, Henry C Powell, Jerry B Lingrel, Ronald M Evans
Journal: Nature Medicine (2011)
Coeliac disease and schizophrenia
Authors: William Eaton, Preben Bo Mortensen, Esben Agerbo, Majella Byrne, Ole Mors
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Editor—As noted in the original paper, we agree that coeliac disease is almost certainly underascertained in the study: but we do not agree it is a confounding factor. The question is whether the ascertainment in cases and controls, and in cases and controls with other autoimmune intestinal diseases, is differential (biased).

The numbers are small, but the logic of bias is weak in cases, and even weaker in parents. The figure of 0.5 in the table, for prevalence in controls, includes coeliac disease in controls or their parents (as noted in the table). The numbers with coeliac disease in the controls were: 27 controls, 48 mothers of controls and 18 fathers of controls (93/199 915, or 0.5 per 1000). This compares to figures given in the paper of 4, 5, and 3 in cases, mothers of cases, and fathers of cases, respectively (12/7997, or 1.5 per 1000).

We are also not yet convinced. But, we are led to direct our attention further in this area in the light of current research, including the availability of new screening tests for coeliac disease, which identify subclinical cases; prior trials of gluten withdrawal which usually identify a small proportion who respond positively1-4; and some dramatic case studies.5
Movement of segmental constrictions in the human colon
Authors: J. A. Ritchie
Journal: Gut (1971)

Changes in the segmental pattern of opaque contents in the transverse colon among patients with diverticulosis were observed by means of time-lapse cinefluorography after ingestion of barium sulphate suspension. In some of them the muscular constrictions separating the opaque masses of bowel contents were seen to relax and later to re-form in a different spatial relationship to fixed points on the bowel wall represented by the necks of diverticula. In other instances ring contractions moved progressively along the bowel wall, temporarily occluding the necks of any diverticula they passed. Bowel contents were seen to be transported ahead of the advancing constrictions at varying rates and in either direction.
Abstract 4963: Tanshinone IIA induces JNK-dependent intrinsic apoptosis via suppressing astrocyte-elevated gene 1 expression in chronic myelogenous leukemia KBM-5 cells
Authors: Ji-Hyun Kim, Soo-Jin Jeong, Sun-Mi Yun, Ji Hoon Jung, Hyo-Jung Lee, Hyo-Jeong Lee, Eun-Ok Lee, Min-Ho Lee, Sung-Hoon Kim
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Tanshinone IIA (Tan IIA) is a phytochemical isolated from the root of Salviae miltiorrhizae (Danshen) and has been reported to have various biological activities such as anti-inflammation, anti-oxidation and anti-cancer. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms to control anti-cancer effect of Tan IIA in chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) have not been fully understood yet. In the present study, we investigated whether Tan IIA has the anti-cancer potential by inducing apoptosis in CML cells. Tan IIA significantly decreased the viability of human CML KBM-5 cells, but not normal peripheral blood lymphocytes. Tan IIA induced apoptotic cell death by increasing the sub-G1 cell populations and stimulating atypical shrunken of nucleus and DNA fragmentation. Also, Tan IIA significantly reduced the mitochondrial membrane potential, stimulated the release of cytochrome C from mitochondria into the cytosol and activated intrinsic caspase cascade. Furthermore, Tan IIA enhanced phosphorylation of JNK and suppressed the expression of astrocyte-elevated gene-1 (AEG-1). In contrast, blocking JNK activity using JNK inhibitor SP600125 reversed Tan IIA-induced apoptosis and AEG-1 expression. Taken together, our findings suggest that Tan IIA induces JNK-dependent intrinsic apoptosis via suppressing AEG-1 expression in KBM-5 cells as a valuable candidate agent for CML therapy. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4963. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-4963
Highly restricted human T cell repertoire in peripheral blood and tissue-infiltrating lymphocytes in Omenn's syndrome.
Authors: F Rieux-Laucat, P Bahadoran, N Brousse, F Selz, A Fischer, F Le Deist, J P De Villartay
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1998)

Omenn's syndrome is an inherited human combined immunodeficiency condition characterized by the presence of a large population of activated and tissue-infiltrating T cells. Analysis of the TCRB repertoire revealed a highly restricted TCRBV usage in three patients. More strikingly, T cell clones from the three patients expressed TCRB chains with VDJ junction similarities, suggesting a common antigenic specificity. Analysis of the TCRA repertoire in one patient also revealed a restricted TCRAV usage. Finally, analysis of the TCRBV repertoire of tissue-infiltrating T cells in one patient suggested nonrandom tissue migration. These results suggest that the oligoclonal expansion of T cells observed in Omenn's syndrome could be the consequence of autoimmune proliferation generated by a profound defect in lymphocyte development.
Influence of hypertension on the initial and long-term outcome of patients treated with coronary stenting
Authors: Joaquin J. Alonso, Federico Gimeno, Benigno Ramos, Juan M. Duran, Juan C. Munoz, Luis Fuente, Gemma Pastor, Itziar Gomez, Jose Bermejo, Francisco Fernandez-Aviles
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)