tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Heart Failure Revascularisation Trial (HEART)
Authors: John G.F. Cleland, Melanie Calvert, Nick Freemantle, Yvonne Arrow, Stephen G. Ball, Robert S. Bonser, Sudipta Chattopadhyay, Michael S. Norell, Dudley J. Pennell, Roxy Senior
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2010)
STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL ABNORMALITIES OF THE LIVER IN PSORIASIS BEFORE AND DURING METHOTREXATE THERAPY
Authors: J. ALMEYDA, D. BARNARDO, H. BAKER, G. M. LEVENE, J. W. LANDELLS
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1972)

Summary.— The treatment of psoriasis with methotrexate carries a low but definite risk of producing histological abnormalities in the liver. Forty-two patients treated for 3 to 80 months were found to have more histological abnormalities than 25 untreated patients with equally severe psoriasis. Of the treated patients, 3 had cirrhosis, all of whom were heavy drinkers, and 12 had fibrosis. None of the untreated patients had cirrhosis, but 4 had fibrosis. Only the cirrhotic patients showed clinical evidence of hepatic inpairment. The incidence of histological abnormality increased with increasing cumulative dosage of methotrexate, but patients on weekly therapy had less abnormality than those on daily oral therapy. Fourteen of the 25 untreated patients were given the drug subsequently, once weekly for a mean period of 23 months. Very few additional histological abnormalities have developed. In patients with socially and physically crippling psoriasis where methotrexate would be used, the risk of significant hepatic damage is low enough to be acceptable, providing supervision is thorough.
Underinsurance in America
Authors: Thomas Bodenheimer
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1992)

On any given day, an estimated 35 million Americans are without health insurance.1 In addition, at least 20 million people have insurance that could prove inadequate in the event of serious illness.2 Coverage by insurance policies that require large out-of-pocket payments has been termed "underinsurance."Lack of Coverage for Catastrophic Medical ExpensesAccording to the 1990 report of the Pepper Commission,a commonly accepted measure of inadequate coverage is health insurance that leaves the person covered at risk of spending more than 10 percent of income on health care in the event of a costly illness. An estimated 13 percent . . .
PTU-013 Single use of romiplostim thrombopoietin analogue (TPO) in severe thrombocytopaenia for outpatient percutaneous liver biopsy in patients with chronic liver disease (CLD): A randomised double blinded prospective clinical pilot trial
Authors: P Basu, N James Shah, S Farhat, T Nair
Journal: Gut (2012)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Thrombocytopaenia is a common entity in CLD with or without cirrhosis. Liver biopsy is the gold standard for diagnosis and prognosis of CLD. Platelet count is imperative before percutaneous liver biopsy. Platelet transfusion requires over night hospitalisation with transfusion associated morbidities and cost burden. <i>Romiplostim</i>, a fusion protein TPO, is a hormone that regulates platelet production approved in idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP). This study evaluates single use of Romiplostim 2 week prior to liver biopsy to avoid biopsy related morbidity and mortality. <h3>Methods</h3> 65 patients (n=65), (mean age: 56 years; M:F-2:1) with Hepatitis C: 37/65 (57%); hepatitis B (HBV) 7 (15.5%), Alcoholic Cirrhosis 10 (15%); Non-Alcoholic steato-hepatits (NASH) 3 (5%), Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) 6 (9%) with pre-biopsy mean platelet count 77k; Mean MELD score 20, mode fibrotic score F4 were randomised in blinded fashion into three groups: Group A (n=18), received seven units of platelet transfusion at night for the morning procedure. Group B (n=23) received Romiplostim 500 μg sc given 2 weeks prior to the procedure, and Group C (n=24) Elthrombopag orally 75 mg/day for 2 weeks. PLT-CT was repeated 2 h prior and Post-biopsy in 4 weeks in all groups. Inclusion criteria: CLD with thrombocytopaenia. <h3>Results</h3> <h3>Conclusion</h3> This pilot study demonstrates that single use of Romiplostim is efficacious, cost-effective, and safe without side effects for liver biopsy with severe thrombocytopaenia. Single use of Romiplostim should be considered before Trans jugular intra-hepatic porto-systemic shunts or portal haemodynamic procedures and prior to surgical interventions with severe thrombocytopaenia. A large randomised clinical trial is needed for further validation. <h3>Competing interests</h3> None declared.
Narrow-band imaging for improving colorectal adenoma detection: appropriate system function settings are required
Authors: T Uraoka, Y Sano, Y Saito, H Saito, T Matsuda, K Yamamoto
Journal: Gut (2009)

We read with considerable interest the report by Alder et al ( Gut 2008; 57 :59–64) concerning their prospective randomised study on narrow-band imaging (NBI) versus conventional high-resolution imaging for colorectal adenoma detection. The study indicated an increased adenoma detection rate for NBI colonoscopy, but the results were not statistically significant. Wide-angle colonoscopes (Olympus, Hamburg, Germany) were used during instrument withdrawal for both the NBI and conventional groups, but details on the Olympus systems and their actual function settings were not described by the authors.

Recently, we conducted a prospective pilot study to assess the feasibility of using NBI for detecting colorectal adenomatous lesions.1 The total number of adenomatous lesions detected by NBI was significantly higher than high definition colonoscopy (p = 0.02). Based on macroscopic type, flat lesions were identified more often by NBI (p = 0.04). We used an EVIS LUCERA SPECTRUM video endoscopic system …
Characterization of drug-specific T cells in lamotrigine hypersensitivity
Authors: Dean J. Naisbitt, John Farrell, Gavin Wong, Jan p.H. Depta, Charlotte C. Dodd, Josephine E. Hopkins, Claire A. Gibney, David W. Chadwick, Werner J. Pichler, Munir Pirmohamed, B.Kevin Park
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2003)
Food and Water Restriction in the Wrestler
Authors: Laurence M. Hursh
Journal: JAMA (1979)

The present practice in wrestling of "making weight" is hazardous to the health of growing young men, primarily because competitors lose too high a percentage of body fat. The Tcheng-Tipton-Clarke method should be used to control food restriction, while observation of specific gravity of urine should be used to control fluid restriction and hydration. (<i>JAMA</i>241:915-916, 1979)
Mechanisms maintaining enhancement of allografts. I. Demonstration of a specific suppressor cell.
Authors: B M Hall
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1985)

DA rats treated with hyperimmune anti-PVG serum and grafted with (DA X PVG)F1 heart grafts in which graft survival was prolonged for greater than 75 d were used to examine the cellular mechanisms that maintain the state of specific unresponsiveness found in these animals. The capacity of lymphocytes from these animals to effect or inhibit graft rejection on adoptive transfer to irradiated heart-grafted hosts was tested. Spleen cell populations and the T cell subpopulation separated from spleen cells in vitro failed to restore rejection of PVG heart grafts in irradiated DA recipients but restored third party Lew graft rejection. Whole spleen cells had the capacity to suppress the ability of normal DA LNC to cause graft rejection, but T cells from spleen only delayed the restoration of rejection. LNC and recirculating T cells from rats with enhanced grafts adoptively restored PVG rejection, however. These studies show that the state of specific unresponsiveness that follows the induction of passive enhancement is dependent in part upon active suppression, which is induced or mediated by T lymphocytes. The recirculating pool of lymphocytes in these animals is not depleted of specific alloreactive cells with the capacity to initiate and effect rejection. Thus, these animals' unresponsiveness is not like that found in transplantation tolerance induced in neonatal rats, but is, in part, due to a suppressor response that can inhibit normal alloreactive cells' capacity to initiate and effect rejection.
Detection of Perineural Tumor Invasion of the Head and Neck
Authors: Tadaki Nakahara, Takayuki Suzuki, Etsuo Kunieda, Suketaka Momoshima, Naoyuki Shigematsu, Atsushi Kubo
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2008)

A patient with adenoid cystic carcinoma of the skull base was treated with radiotherapy because of perineural tumor invasion (PTI). Treatment evaluation using magnetic resonance (MR) imaging showed disease progression of PTI outside the irradiated area, whereas it was difficult to evaluate the therapeutic effect of radiotherapy because the irradiated lesions still had contrast enhancement. Thallium-201 SPECT/CT image fusion was performed to evaluate tumor extent and viability after therapy. During the follow-up period, disease progression was noted in the areas of abnormal uptake on the thallium-201 SPECT/CT fusion images, but the lesions with no uptake remained unchanged on follow-up MR imaging. Thallium-201 SPECT/CT image fusion can be used for precise localization of viable PTI in head and neck cancer patients who had been previously treated.
Bone and soft tissue changes with oral phosphate supplements
Authors: Georges H. Laflamme, Jenifer Jowsey
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1972)

Oral phosphate supplements in divided doses were given to adult dogs for a period of 10 months. Bone density, bone turnover, serum chemistry values, and the calcium content of soft tissues were determined initially and at the end of the experimental period. Serum calcium remained the same; serum phosphate decreased slightly but significantly. The decrease in phosphate was related to an increase, compared with pre-experimental values, in bone resorption which was seen in the terminal ulna and iliac crest bone samples from all dogs. Serum immunoreactive parathyroid hormone was increased (compared with pre-experimental values) after 5 and 10 months of phosphate supplementation; this increase was related to the bone loss and the decrease in serum phosphate. Soft-tissue calcification could be demonstrated histologically in the kidney and in the lens of the eye where it resulted in cataracts. Calcium content increased in the thoracic aorta, kidney, heart, and tendon but not in skeletal muscle. Phosphate supplements in adult dogs appear to produce secondary hyperparathyroidism, bone loss, and calcification of soft tissues.
Effects of UV Radiation on Tumor Immunity
Authors: M. L. Kripke
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1990)

Journal Article Effects of UV Radiation on Tumor Immunity Get access Margaret L. Kripke Margaret L. Kripke * *Correspondence to : Margaret L. Kripke, Ph.D., Department of Immunology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX 77030. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 82, Issue 17, 5 September 1990, Pages 1392–1396, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/82.17.1392 Published: 05 September 1990 Article history Received: 11 May 1990 Revision received: 22 June 1990 Accepted: 06 July 1990 Published: 05 September 1990
Cortical Thinning in Psychopathy
Authors: Martina Ly, Julian C. Motzkin, Carissa L. Philippi, Gregory R. Kirk, Joseph P. Newman, Kent A. Kiehl, Michael Koenigs
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2012)

Objective: Psychopathy is a personality disorder associated with severely antisocial behavior and a host of cognitive and affective deficits. The neuropathological basis of the disorder has not been clearly established. Cortical thickness is a sensitive measure of brain structure that has been used to identify neurobiological abnormalities in a number of psychiatric disorders. The authors assessed cortical thickness and corresponding functional connectivity in psychopathic prison inmates. Method: Using T1 MRI data, the authors computed cortical thickness maps in a sample of adult male prison inmates selected on the basis of psychopathy diagnosis (21 psychopathic inmates and 31 nonpsychopathic inmates). Using resting-state functional MRI data from a subset of these inmates (20 psychopathic inmates and 20 nonpsychopathic inmates), the authors then computed functional connectivity within networks exhibiting significant thinning among psychopaths. Results: Relative to nonpsychopaths, psychopaths had significantly thinner cortex in a number of regions, including the left insula and dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, the left and right precentral gyri, the left and right anterior temporal cortices, and the right inferior frontal gyrus. These neurostructural differences were not due to differences in age, IQ, or substance use. Psychopaths also exhibited a corresponding reduction in functional connectivity between the left insula and the left dorsal anterior cingulate cortex. Conclusions: Psychopathy is associated with a distinct pattern of cortical thinning and reduced functional connectivity.
Selective killing of Burkitt's lymphoma cells by mBAFF-targeted delivery of PinX1
Authors: L Zhang, Y Jiang, Y Zheng, Y Zeng, Z Yang, G Huang, D Liu, M Gao, X Shen, G Wu, X Yan, F He
Journal: Leukemia (2010)

Increased expression of BAFF (B cell-activating factor belonging to the TNF family) and its receptors has been identified in numerous B-cell malignancies. A soluble human BAFF mutant (mBAFF), binding to BAFF receptors but failing to activate B-lymphocyte proliferation, may function as a competitive inhibitor of BAFF and may serve as a novel ligand for targeted therapy of BAFF receptor-positive malignancies. Pin2/TRF1-interacting protein X1 (PinX1), a nucleolar protein, potently inhibits telomerase activity and affects tumorigenicity. In this study, we generated novel recombinant proteins containing mBAFF, a polyarginine tract 9R and PinX1 (or its C/N terminal), to target lymphoma cells. The fusion proteins PinX1/C–G4S–9R–G4S–mBAFF and PinX1/C–9R–mBAFF specifically bind and internalize into BAFF receptor-positive cells, and subsequently induce growth inhibition and apoptosis. The selective cytotoxicity of the fusion proteins is a BAFF receptor-mediated process and depends on mBAFF, PinX1/C and 9R. Moreover, the fusion proteins specifically kill BAFF receptor-expressing Burkitt's lymphoma (BL) cells by inhibiting telomerase activity and the consequent shortening of telomeres. Therapeutic experiments using PinX1C–G4S–9R–G4S–mBAFF in severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice implanted with Raji cells showed significantly prolonged survival times, indicating the in vivo antitumor activity of the fusion protein. These results suggest the potential of PinX1/C–G4S–9R–G4S–mBAFF in targeted therapy of BL.
Clinical Pulmonary Medicine
Authors: David H. Morse
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<i>Clinical Pulmonary Medicine</i>, a journal for both pulmonologists in clinical practice and critical care specialists, was created to provide concise and easy-to-read review articles encompassing recent advances in pulmonary medicine. The bimonthly issues include one or occasionally two review articles in each of seven subspecialty areas: obstructive airway disease; respiratory infections; interstitial, inflammatory, and occupational diseases; clinical practice management; critical care; and two more general departments, "Colleagues in Respiratory Medicine" and "Topics in Pulmonary Medicine." Each issue also includes summaries and commentary on three or four recent articles from other clinical journals. This format, if it can be maintained, promises to provide a comprehensive but focused educational tool for keeping practitioners current on major developments affecting pulmonary practice. The editorial board, led by editor-in-chief Michael S. Niederman, includes an elite group of US clinical practitioners, representing a cross-section of major academic medical centers. The review articles themselves are solicited by
The diagnosis of bacterial peritonitis: Comparison of pH, lactate concentration and leukocyte count
Authors: Guadalupe Garcia-Tsao, Harold O. Conn, Emanuel Lerner
Journal: Hepatology (1985)

It has been suggested that the hydrogen ion and lactate concentrations may be superior to the polymorphonuclear cell count (PMN) in ascitic fluid, in the diagnosis of bacterial peritonitis (BP). In order to compare the diagnostic accuracy of ascitic fluid measurements of pH, lactate, glucose and the PMN in BP, we analyzed the ascitic fluids of 70 consecutive patients in whom pH, lactate, glucose and the PMN count were measured in ascitic fluid and arterial blood. Fifty–one were cirrhotic patients with uninfected ascites, 14 had BP, one tuberculous peritonitis, two ascites secondary to peritoneal metastases and two with neoplastic liver involvement but without peritoneal metastases. Statistically, highly significant differences between patients with uninfected ascitic fluid and BP were observed for ascitic fluid PMN (122 vs. 2,686 per cu mm), ascitic fluid pH (7.45 vs. 7.24), arterial–ascitic fluid pH gradient (0.02 vs. 0.22), arterial lactate (12 vs. 25 mg per dl), ascitic fluid lactate (15 vs. 45 mg per dl) and arterial–ascitic fluid lactate gradient (-3 vs. -20 mg per dl). The most reliable diagnostic cutoff levels were determined for each of the parameters: PMN &gt; 500 per cu mm; ascitic fluid pH &lt; 7.35; arterial–ascitic fluid pH gradient &gt; 0.10; ascitic fluid lactate &gt; 25 mg per dl; arterial–ascitic fluid lactate gradient &lt; -20 mg per dl; ascitic fluid glucose &lt; 60 mg per dl; arterial–ascitic fluid glucose gradient &gt; 60 mg per dl. The highest sensitivity was demonstrated by the PMN count (86%), which also had the highest negative predictive value (96%). Very high specificity but lower sensitivity was demonstrated for ascitic fluid pH, arterial–ascitic fluid pH gradient, ascitic fluid lactate and the arterial–ascitic fluid lactate gradient. Diagnostic sensitivity increased when either of two parameters were required to establish the diagnosis. We believe that the most reliable combination for clinical purposes is an ascitic fluid PMN count &gt; 500 per cu mm and/or an arterial–ascitic fluid pH gradient &gt; 0.10. This investigation shows that an elevated PMN count in ascitic fluid is a reliable index of BP. A decreased ascitic fluid pH (&lt;7.35) or an increased arterial–ascitic fluid pH gradient (&gt;0.10) are about equally reliable. These tests complement each other's diagnostic ability. An ascitic fluid PMN count &gt; 500 per cu mm and/or an arterial–ascitic fluid pH gradient greater than 0.10 are almost always diagnostic of BP, and the normality of both tests virtually excludes that diagnosis.
Dopamine Effects on Diaphragmatic Strength during Acute Respiratory Failure in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Michel Aubier
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1989)

To assess the effects of dopamine, which has an inotropic effect on the myocardium and increases renal and splanchnic blood flow, on diaphragmatic contraction.We studied the changes in transdiaphragmatic pressure during electrical bilateral supramaximal stimulation of the phrenic nerves in eight patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease during acute respiratory failure. In three patients, changes in diaphragmatic blood flow were also evaluated.All patients were intubated and artificially ventilated. Stimulated transdiaphragmatic pressure, cardiac output, evaluated with a Swan Ganz catheter, and diaphragmatic blood flow, evaluated by timed volume collections of left phrenic venous effluent (a catheter was introduced into the right femoral vein and advanced into the left inferior phrenic vein) were measured before dopamine infusion, every 10 minutes after the onset of dopamine infusion (10 micrograms/kg body weight.min during 30 minutes) and 15 minutes after the end of dopamine infusion. Arterial blood gases and pH were measured before and at the end of dopamine infusion.Arterial blood gases and pH were maintained within normal range by mechanical ventilation throughout the study. With dopamine infusion, heart rate increased by 17% (P less than 0.001) and cardiac output by 40% (P less than 0.001) on the average. The increase in cardiac output was accompanied by a marked increase in diaphragmatic blood flow (30% on the average) in the three patients in whom it was measured (P less than 0.001). Diaphragmatic strength also increased significantly during dopamine administration. Transdiaphragmatic pressure for an identical phrenic stimulation increased by 30% (P less than 0.001) on the average. The changes in cardiac output, diaphragmatic blood flow, and transdiaphragmatic pressure persisted throughout the infusion period; all values returned to control values 15 minutes after the end of dopamine administration.Dopamine has a potent effect on diaphragmatic strength generation and diaphragmatic blood flow in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease during acute respiratory failure. It is possible to improve diaphragmatic contraction in these patients by administering pharmacologic agents that augment diaphragmatic blood flow.
Transfection with Anti-p65 Intrabody Suppresses Invasion and Angiogenesis in Glioma Cells by Blocking Nuclear Factor-κB Transcriptional Activity
Authors: Liang Li, Christopher S. Gondi, Dzung H. Dinh, William C. Olivero, Meena Gujrati, Jasti S. Rao
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract Purpose: The strategy of intracellular antibodies to neutralize the function of target proteins has been widely developed for cancer research. This study used an intrabody against p65 subunit to prevent nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) transcriptional activity in glioma cells and to inhibit the expression of its target genes involved in the invasion and angiogenesis of human gliomas. Experimental Design: A single-chain fragment of antibody variable region (scFv) against p65 was prepared using phage display technique. We then prepared an anti-p65 intrabody construct (pFv/nu) by cloning the scFv-encoding sequence into the mammalian nuclear-targeting vector, pCMV/myc/nuc. Results: p65 expression in human glioma cells (U251 and] U87) transfected with pFv/nu was significantly decreased. We showed that NF-κB nuclear translocation and its DNA binding activity were blocked via intrabody transfection in electrophoretic mobility shift assays and the inhibition of NF-κB activity in nucleus resulted in the decreasing expression and bioactivity of matrix metalloproteinase-9, urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor, urokinase-type plasminogen activator, and vascular endothelial growth factor. The intrabody transfected glioma cells showed a markedly lower level of invasion in Matrigel invasion assay. The capillary-like structure formation of endothelial cells was also repressed by coculture with the intrabody transfected glioma cells or exposure to their conditional medium. Intrabody transfection neither induced apoptosis nor altered cell proliferation in U251 and U87 cells as compared with the control vector pCMV/nu. After the injection of pFv/nu-transfected glioma cells, preestablished tumors were almost completely regressed when compared with mock, pCMV/nu, and pGFP/nu. Conclusion: Blocking NF-κB activity via the nuclear intrabody expression might be a potential approach for cancer therapy.