tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Cinecoronary Arteriography in Young Men
Authors: C. CHARLES WELCH, WILLIAM L. PROUDFIT, F. MASON SONES, EARL K. SHIREY, WILLIAM C. SHELDON, MEHDI RAZAVI
Journal: Circulation (1970)

Of a group of 723 men less than 40 years old who underwent cinecoronary arteriography primarily for evaluation of chest pain, 357 (49%) were found to have at least 50% narrowing of one or more coronary arteries. The youngest person was 17 years old. The distribution of lesions in the young men was similar to that found earlier in a study of persons not selected by age. The anterior descending coronary artery was most frequently affected; the right coronary artery was most often totally occluded. No total occlusions of the left main coronary artery were seen. Electrocardiographic evidence of myocardial infarction, found in 109 patients, was less common with disease of the circumflex or right coronary arteries than with disease of the anterior descending coronary artery. This observation was confirmed by examination of left ventriculograms for areas of decreased contractility. Six patients had no significant arterial narrowing. The extent of arterial involvement seemed to be related to the duration of symptoms in patients who had angina pectoris or myocardial infarctions. Clinical diagnoses correlated well with the angiographic findings, particularly in those men considered to be normal and those with typical angina pectoris. Addition of atypical features or prolonged pain decreased the degree of correlation. Only 20% of those with cholesterol levels less than 200 mg/100 ml had significant lesions, whereas 81% with levels more than 275 mg/100 ml had such findings.
Lung Function and Sputum Characteristics of Patients with Severe Asthma During an Induced Exacerbation by Double-Blind Steroid Withdrawal
Authors: JOHANNES C. C. M.in‘t VEEN, HERMELIJN H. SMITS, PIETER S. HIEMSTRA, AEILKO E. ZWINDERMAN, PETER J. STERK, ELISABETH H. BEL
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1999)

Some patients with severe asthma are difficult to control and suffer from frequent exacerbations, whereas others remain stable with anti-inflammatory therapy. To investigate mechanisms of exacerbations, we compared 13 patients 20 to 51 yr of age (11 female, two male) with difficult-to-control asthma (two or more exacerbations during the previous year) and 15 patients 20 to 47 yr of age (13 female, two male) with severe but stable asthma (no exacerbations) after matching for sex, age, atopy, lung function, airway responsiveness, and medication. Exacerbations were induced by double-blind, controlled tapering of inhaled corticosteroids (fluticasone propionate) at weekly intervals. FEV1, airway responsiveness for methacholine (PC20MCh) and hypertonic saline (HYP slope), eosinophils and soluble markers (ECP, albumin, IL-6, IL-8) in induced sputum were assessed at baseline and during exacerbation (peak flow < 60% of personal best), or after 5 wk if no exacerbation occurred. Steroid tapering caused a decrease (mean ± SEM) in FEV1 (12.1 ± 3.1% pred; p = 0.045), PC20MCh (2.1 ± 0.4 doubling dose; p = 0.004) and HYP slope (1.7 ± 0.3 doubling dose; p = 0.001), and an increase in sputum eosinophils (10 ± 3%; p = 0.008) and soluble markers for the two groups combined, without significant differences between the groups. Patients with difficult-to-control asthma had more exacerbations than did the stable asthmatics during both steroid tapering (7 versus 2; p = 0.022) and corticosteroid treatment (6 versus 0; p = 0.003). Exacerbations during steroid treatment in the patients with difficult-to-control asthma were associated with a decrease in FEV1 and PC20MCh, but not in HYP slope or increase in sputum eosinophils. We conclude that tapering of inhaled corticosteroids induces a rapid, reversible flare-up of eosinophilic airway inflammation. Patients with difficult-to-control asthma may develop exacerbations despite treatment with inhaled corticosteroids, which appear to have an eosinophil-independent mechanism. This implies that assessment of the nature of exacerbations may contribute to improved treatment for these patients. in ‘t
Errors of the Great
Authors: Paul deR Kolisch
Journal: JAMA (1983)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The publication of Denslow Lewis' article in the Centennial Issue ofThe Journalwarms the cockles of my heart, as it should for us all. I am, however, astonished that Howard Kelly's opening of the discussion has precipitated no comment. Kelly was not just another bluenosed Victorian. He was one of the four "greats" who made Johns Hopkins a world-renowned institution from a standing start. I suggest that his conduct in this matter is in a class with Meigs' vis-à-vis Holmes or Virchow's vis-à-vis Semmelweiss in the matter of puerperal sepsis. Kelly's stature is equal to that of either of the two unequivocally outstanding physicians. Each showed feet of clay, and Kelly joins that distinguished company in his unreasoned and unreasonable attack on Lewis. We also know that the "father of cellular pathology" booted the diagnosis of carcinoma of the larynx in the case of Frederick, the
Drug Use and Expenditures in 1982
Authors: Carlene Baum
Journal: JAMA (1985)

This article provides national estimates of drug use and drug expenditures in 1982. Total outpatient drug exposure increased 5% from 1981 to 1982 and 28% from 1971 to 1982. Hydrochlorothiazide was the most frequently dispensed drug chemical and was contained in more than 5% of all 1982 prescriptions. Sixteen major therapeutic classes accounted for about 80% of drugstore and hospital expenditures for ethical pharmaceuticals. Hospitals spent around +3.0 billion and a third of this total was for anti-infectives administered for systemic effects. The prescription drug component of the consumer price index increased 11.7% in 1982, and consumers spent about +14.5 billion on prescriptions from retail pharmacies alone.
Dickens and Medicosocial Reform
Authors: E. Gaskell
Journal: JAMA (1971)

Few writers have reflected their times and environment to better advantage than Dickens. His rich gallery of characters represents an essential part of England as it was in the mid-19th century. Real as they are, these characters move in situations often no more invented than they themselves were; but always fact is accompanied by invention and reality dissolves into art. Dickens possessed the eye and memory of a trained reporter, allied with the originality of a born story-teller. Some would say that his imagination tended to run riot and produced as many caricatures as genuine pictures. But the art of caricature enjoyed immense popularity amongst the Victorians. There is no single approach to Dickens—no more than to any great socially involved novelist—and the subject of medicine offers just one of several roads into his fictional world. At the same time it must be admitted that his doctors rarely seem to
Chlormethiazole in treatment of status epilepticus.
Authors: P K Harvey, T W Higenbottam, L Loh
Journal: BMJ (1975)

Chlormethiazole (Heminevrin) was successful in controlling fits in seven out of nine episodes of intractable status epilepticus. It was administered as a constant intravenous injection at rates of up to 0.7g/h. No serious side effects were encountered, and the drug deserves wider recognition as a useful therapeutic agent in the management of status epilepticus.
Experimental Asbestosis in Rats: The Effect of Particle Size and of Added Alumina
Authors: J. M. Smith, I. D. P. Wootton, E. J. King
Journal: Thorax (1951)

An antidotal effect on silicosis was described by Denny, Robson, and Irwin (1937), when rabbits exposed to silica dust were treated with aluminium inhalations.It seemed important, therefore, to determine whether there was any such beneficial effect from alumina in asbestosis.Experiments have been designed to test this in the rat by the intratracheal injection of the dust with and without alumina.Experi- ments with rabbits have already been published (King, Clegg, and Rae, 1946).
Critical Factors for Designing Programs to Increase the Supply and Retention of Rural Primary Care Physicians
Authors: Howard K. Rabinowitz
Journal: JAMA (2001)

The Physician Shortage Area Program (PSAP) of Jefferson Medical College (Philadelphia, Pa) is one of a small number of medical school programs that addresses the shortage of rural primary care physicians. However, little is known regarding why these programs work.To identify factors independently predictive of rural primary care supply and retention and to determine which components of the PSAP lead to its outcomes.Retrospective cohort study.A total of 3414 Jefferson Medical College graduates from the classes of 1978-1993, including 220 PSAP graduates.Rural primary care practice and retention in 1999 as predicted by 19 previously collected variables. Twelve variables were available for all classes; 7 variables were collected only for 1978-1982 graduates.Freshman-year plan for family practice, being in the PSAP, having a National Health Service Corps scholarship, male sex, and taking an elective senior family practice rural preceptorship (the only factor not available at entrance to medical school) were independently predictive of physicians practicing rural primary care. For 1978-1982 graduates, growing up in a rural area was the only additionally collected independent predictor of rural primary care (odds ratio [OR], 4.0; 95% CI, 2.1-7.6; P<.001). Participation in the PSAP was the only independent predictive factor of retention for all classes (OR, 4.7; 95% CI, 2.0-11.2; P<.001). Among PSAP graduates, taking a senior rural preceptorship was independently predictive of rural primary care (OR, 2.5; 95% CI, 1.3-4.7; P =.004). However, non-PSAP graduates with 2 key selection characteristics of PSAP students (having grown up in a rural area and freshman-year plans for family practice) were 78% as likely as PSAP graduates to be rural primary care physicians, and 75% as likely to remain, suggesting that the admissions component of the PSAP is the most important reason for its success. In fact, few graduates without either of these factors were rural primary care physicians (1.8%).Medical educators and policy makers can have the greatest impact on the supply and retention of rural primary care physicians by developing programs to increase the number of medical school matriculants with background and career plans that make them most likely to pursue these career goals. Curricular experiences and other factors can further increase these outcomes, especially by supporting those already likely to become rural primary care physicians.
PUVA and UVB inhibit the intra-epidermal accumulation of polymorphonuclear leukocytes
Authors: A. CHANG, J.A.C. ALKEMADE, P.C.M. KERKHOF
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1988)

Healthy volunteers were treated on test areas with UVB irradiation or topical PUVA therapy. The trauma-induced and leukotriene B4 (LTB4)-induced intra-epidermal accumulation of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) was quantified after these treatments, using elastase as a marker enzyme. Both UVB and PUVA treatment caused a profound inhibition of trauma- and LTB4-induced PMN accumulation. This observation indicates that reduction of the transepidermal migration of PMN might be part of the mechanism of action of UV therapies in psoriasis. Several possibilities are discussed to explain this hypothesis.
A Case of Hydatids of Femur in the Site of Fracture: With Remarks on the Method of Amputation through the Hip-Joint
Authors: M. Eustace
Journal: BMJ (1894)

very sliglhtly depressing action on thie patient.The vomiting once anid for a 1 coinipletely ceased.The temperature was normal next morninga, anid only once again, on the thliird (lay and for a few lhotirs, rose to 1010.On the second day (Decemn- ber 21st) there was a suspicion of the passage of tlatus ; on December 22nd, a certaiinty of it; on Decemnber 24th, the tongue became moist, and( the bowels were opened at 3 P.M.
Transient Brown's syndrome in juvenile chronic arthritis.
Authors: A S Kemp, C Searle, S Horne
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1984)

A 9-year-old boy with systemic juvenile chronic arthritis and Brown's syndrome (limitation of elevation of the adducted eye due to limitation of movement of the superior oblique tendon) is described. The resolution in association with steroid treatment suggested a transient tenonsynovitis involving the superior oblique tendon as the cause.
Complexity of the Cerebral Palsy Syndromes
Authors: Michael E. Msall
Journal: JAMA (2006)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Bone changes occurring spontaneously and caused by estrogen in early postmenopausal women: a local or generalised phenomenon?
Authors: A Gotfredsen, L Nilas, B J Riis, K Thomsen, C Christiansen
Journal: BMJ (1986)

Regional values of bone mineral content and bone mineral density were calculated from total body dual photon absorptiometry scans of 52 early postmenopausal women treated with oestrogen for one year and of 52 similar women treated with placebo. The six regions were head, arms, chest, spine, pelvis, and legs. In addition, bone mineral density of the lumbar spine was measured by dual photon absorptiometry and bone mineral content of the forearm by single photon absorptiometry, using separate special purpose scanners. All regions were unchanged after one year of treatment with oestrogen, excluding the lumbar spine, for which values rose. Values for all regions except the lumbar spine fell significantly in the placebo group. The rates of loss ranged from 2% to 8%, with no significant differences among the regions. It is concluded that loss of bone in the early menopause is a generalised phenomenon, affecting all parts of the skeleton. Furthermore, oestrogen prophylaxis for loss of bone is effective in all parts of the skeleton. Finally, it is suggested that the measurement of bone mineral content in the forearm should be used for clinical follow up of bone changes, as this method is superior to others in the ratio of change to precision.
SPONTANEOUS THYMOMA, POLYMYOSITIS, AND SERUM-AUTOANTIBODIES TO STRIATED MUSCLE IN THE RODENT, SUBGENUS PRAOMYS (MASTOMYS) NATALENSIS
Authors: ArthurJ.L Strauss, KatharineC Snell, BarbaraJ Duntley, EdwardJ Soban, HaroldL Stewart
Journal: The Lancet (1968)
Factors Affecting Thromboembolism Associated with Prosthetic Heart Valves
Authors: GEORGE E. DUVOISIN, ROBERT O. BRANDENBURG, DWIGHT C. MCGOON
Journal: Circulation (1967)

The incidence of thromboembolism after insertion of prosthetic cardiac valves is related to the type of prosthesis and in the cases reviewed here was highest for the ball-valve prosthesis. The risk of thromboembolism was studied by constructing actuarial curves showing the proportion of patients with embolism at increasing time intervals postoperatively. Such curves for the patients studied suggest that the risk of thromboembolism diminishes with time, particularly by the third postoperative year. The risk was remarkably similar for patients having aortic, mitral, and multiplevalve replacements, being 15% for the first 6 postoperative months, another 8% for the next 6 months, and another 20% for the next 2 years. Emboli lodged in cerebral, coronary, renal, and other sites in these patients in diminishing frequency. The risk of fatality averaged 15%. None of the nonfatal embolisms resulted in significant continuing disability, save for 7% of the cerebral embolisms. A beneficial effect of anticoagulation was demonstrated for patients having replacement of the aortic valve with a ball-valve prosthesis, particularly when this treatment was carefully controlled. In the latter group, the risk of thromboembolism was less than 5% 2 years postoperatively.
Differential Effects of Unfolded Protein Response Pathways on Axon Injury-Induced Death of Retinal Ganglion Cells
Authors: Yang Hu, Kevin K. Park, Liu Yang, Xin Wei, Qiang Yang, Kin-Sang Cho, Peter Thielen, Ann-Hwee Lee, Romain Cartoni, Laurie H. Glimcher, Dong Feng Chen, Zhigang He
Journal: Neuron (2012)
Pathways of tactile-visual crossmodal interaction for perception
Authors: Norihiro Sadato, Satoru Nakashita, Daisuke N. Saito
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2007)

Abstract There is a task-specificity in the visual-tactile interaction for perception: The polymodal posterior parietal cortex is related to the comparison of the shapes coded by different sensory modalities, whereas the lateral occipital complex is the part of the network for multimodal shape identification. These interactions may be mediated by some latent pathways potentiated by sensory deprivation or learning.
Does Snoring Contribute to Presbycusis?
Authors: VICTOR HOFFSTEIN, JAMES HAIGHT, PHILIP COLE, NOE ZAMEL
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1999)

It is well known that hearing acuity decreases with age. The precise mechanism responsible for this phenomenon, called presbycusis, is unknown. One hypothesis advanced to explain this loss of acuity implicates chronic exposure to snoring noise. Consequently, the purpose of this study was to investigate whether snoring is associated with hearing loss. We examined 219 patients (63 women and 156 men) referred to our sleep disorders center. All of the patients underwent nocturnal polysomnography with measurements of snoring, as well as standard audiometry (i.e., measurement of hearing thresholds at 250 Hz, 500 Hz, 1 kHz, 2 kHz, 3 kHz, 4 kHz, 6 kHz, and 8 kHz). Snoring was quantified by measuring three parameters: snoring index (SI = number of snores/h of sleep), average nocturnal sound intensity (dBav), and maximum nocturnal sound intensity (dBmax). We used simple correlation analysis to investigate the relationship between snoring and hearing thresholds; multiple linear regression analysis to determine individual contributions of age, sex, and snoring to the variability in hearing thresholds; and comparison tests to determine whether mild snorers had less hearing impairment than severe snorers. None of these statistical tests demonstrated that snoring was a significant determinant of hearing. We conclude that snoring is not associated with hearing loss and is therefore unlikely to account for presbycusis.
EU adopts tougher safeguards on genetic modification
Authors: R. Watson
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Faced with widespread public concern over the long term impact on human health and the environment of genetically modified organisms, European Union governments are supporting moves for tougher safeguards.

Under plans approved by EU environment ministers last week, authorisations to market products containing genetically modified organisms would be for a maximum of 10 years and would introduce tougher risk assessments, …
The de-adhesive activity of matricellular proteins: is intermediate cell adhesion an adaptive state?
Authors: Joanne E. Murphy-Ullrich
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2001)

The process of cellular de-adhesion is potentially important for the ability of a cell to participate in morphogenesis and to respond to injurious stimuli. Cellular de-adhesion is induced by the highly regulated matricellular proteins TSP1 and 2, tenascin-C, and SPARC. These proteins induce a rapid transition to an intermediate state of adhesiveness characterized by loss of actin-containing stress fibers and restructuring of the focal adhesion plaque that includes loss of vinculin and alpha-actinin, but not of talin or integrin. This process involves intracellular signaling mediators, which are engaged in response to matrix protein-receptor interactions. Each of these proteins employs different receptors and signaling pathways to achieve this common morphologic endpoint. What is the function of this intermediate adhesive state and what is the physiologic significance of this action of the matricellular proteins? Given that matricellular proteins are expressed in response to injury and during development, one can speculate that the intermediate adhesive state is an adaptive condition that facilitates expression of specific genes that are involved in repair and adaptation. Since cell shape is maintained in weakly adherent cells, this state might induce survival signals to prevent apoptosis due to loss of strong cell adhesion, but yet allow for cell locomotion. The three matricellular proteins considered here might each preferentially facilitate one or more aspects of this adaptive response rather than all of these equally. Currently, we have only preliminary data to support the specific ideas proposed in this article. It will be interesting in the next several years to continue to elucidate the biological roles of the intermediate adhesive state induced by these matricellular proteins. and focal adhesions in a cell that nevertheless maintains a spread, extended morphology and integrin clustering. TSP1, tenascin-C, and SPARC induce the intermediate adhesive state, as shown by the red arrows. The significance of each adhesive state for cell behavior is indicated beneath the cells. The weak adhesive state would be consistent with cells undergoing apoptosis during remodeling or those undergoing cytokinesis. The strong adhesive state is characteristic of a differentiated, quiescent cell, whereas cells in the intermediate adhesive state would include those involved in responding to injury during wound healing or in tissue remodeling during morphogenesis.