tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Tissue Endothelin-Converting Enzyme Activity Correlates With Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Frank Ruschitzka, Ueli Moehrlen, Thomas Quaschning, Mario Lachat, Georg Noll, Sidney Shaw, Zhihong Yang, Daniel Teupser, Thomas Subkowski, Marko I. Turina, Thomas F. Lüscher
Journal: Circulation (2000)

Background —Endothelin-converting enzymes (ECEs) are the key enzymes in endothelin-1 (ET-1) generation. However, their pathophysiological role in patients with cardiovascular disease remains elusive. Methods and Results —Vascular reactivity to big endothelin-1 (bigET-1; 10 − 9 to 10 − 7 mol/L) and ET-1 (10 − 9 to 10 − 7 mol/L) were examined in the internal mammary artery (IMA, n=33) and saphenous vein (SV, n=27) of patients with coronary artery disease with identified cardiovascular risk factors. Vascular ECE activity was determined by conversion of exogenously added bigET-1 to ET-1. Tissue contents of bigET-1 and ET-1 were measured by radioimmunoassay. In addition, the effects of LDL and oxidized LDL on ECE-1 protein levels were determined by Western blot analysis in human IMA endothelial cells. In the IMA, vascular ECE activity showed an inverse correlation with serum LDL levels ( r =−0.76; P &lt;0.01) and systolic and diastolic blood pressure and a positive correlation with fibrinogen ( r =0.58; P &lt;0.05). In the SV, fibrinogen was the only parameter to be correlated with vascular ECE activity. Vascular tissue content of bigET-1 was attenuated in the IMA of patients with hyperfibrinogenemia but increased in patients with elevated systolic blood pressure and increased serum LDL levels ( P &lt;0.05). Most interestingly, LDL and oxidized LDL downregulated ECE-1 protein levels in human IMA endothelial cells ( P &lt;0.05). Conclusions —These data demonstrate, for the first time, that vascular ECE activity is (1) inversely correlated with serum LDL levels and blood pressure and (2) positively associated with fibrinogen in human vascular tissue. Hence, ECE-1 activity may modulate cardiovascular risk in patients with coronary artery disease.
Spectral Karyotyping Detects Chromosome Damage in Bronchial Cells of Smokers and Patients with Cancer
Authors: Marileila Varella-Garcia, Lin Chen, Roger L. Powell, Fred R. Hirsch, Timothy C. Kennedy, Robert Keith, York E. Miller, John D. Mitchell, Wilbur A. Franklin
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2007)

Rationale: Lung cancer is a multistep process that is preceded and often accompanied by molecular cytogenetic lesions in benign bronchial epithelium, the precise character, extent and timing of which are not well defined.Objectives: In this study we comprehensively defined molecular cytogenetic changes in bronchial cells that may precede lung carcinoma using spectral karyotyping (SKY).Methods: SKY was applied to cultured benign bronchial cells from 43 high-risk smokers without carcinoma, 14 patients with concurrent lung carcinoma, and 14 never-smoker healthy volunteers.Measurements and Main Results: The proportion of cells displaying numeric or structural anomalies/total number of metaphase cells was calculated for each case and was referred to as the chromosomal abnormality index. Mean chromosomal abnormality indices were 15.8, 10.1, and 0.7% for patients with cancer, high-risk smokers, and never-smokers, respectively. Clonal abnormalities were found in 17 (40%) of the high-risk smokers without carcinoma and 7 (50%) of the patients with carcinoma, but in none of 14 (0%) never-smokers. Chromosomal gains observed by SKY were confirmed in interphase cultured cells or paraffin sections of biopsy specimens by fluorescence in situ hybridization in 11 of 13 cases for which appropriate probes were available. In 6 of 57 high-risk patients or those with carcinoma, identical clonal abnormalities were dispersed at multiple bronchial sites and were admixed with nonclonal cells.Conclusions: Clonal and single-cell chromosomal abnormalities are frequent in benign bronchial epithelium during lung carcinogenesis, indicating that chromosomal missegregation and other chromosomal rearrangements occur before overt malignancy.
MEAN PLATELET VOLUME IS SIGNIFICANTLY ASSOCIATED WITH SURVIVAL FOLLOWING PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION AND CORONARY ARTERY BYPASS SURGERY
Authors: Binita Shah, Brandon Oberweis, Lakshmi Tummala, Nicholas Amoroso, Iryna Lobach, Eugene Grossi, Steven Sedlis, Jeffrey Berger
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Antidrug antibodies in psoriasis: a systematic review
Authors: L. Hsu, B.T. Snodgrass, A.W. Armstrong
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2013)

Antidrug antibodies (ADAs) against biological agents may be clinically significant and potentially alter a biological drug's treatment efficacy. This systematic review aims to (i) determine the prevalence of ADAs against infliximab, etanercept, adalimumab and ustekinumab in patients with psoriasis; (ii) ascertain whether ADAs are associated with changes in drug efficacy; and (iii) explore the use of concomitant methotrexate to prevent ADA formation. Through a systematic search using Medline and Embase from 29 January 1950 to 29 March 2013, we identified 25 studies that met the inclusion criteria. Of 7969 patients with psoriasis, 950 tested positive for ADAs. Antibodies against infliximab, etanercept, adalimumab and ustekinumab were reported in 5·4-43·6%, 0-18·3%, 6-45% and 3·8-6% of patients, respectively. Anti-infliximab antibodies were associated with lower serum infliximab concentrations in three studies, and decreased treatment response in five studies. ADAs against etanercept were non-neutralizing and not associated with any apparent effects on clinical response. Antiadalimumab antibodies were associated with lower serum adalimumab concentrations in three of five studies, and reduced clinical efficacy in four studies. Two of six studies reported that antiustekinumab antibodies were associated with lower Psoriasis Area and Severity Index responses, and three ustekinumab studies noted that most of these antibodies were neutralizing. Although the use of concomitant methotrexate with biological agents to prevent ADA formation in other immune-mediated diseases is promising, their use in psoriasis is sparse. ADA development remains a challenge with biological therapies and therefore should be considered in patients with psoriasis who experience diminished treatment response.
Defending 19 deaths from food poisoning
Authors: P. Johnston
Journal: BMJ (1986)

The government is facing virtually irresistible political pressure to remove the crown immunity enjoyed by National Health Service hospitals. The scandal uncovered by the inquiry into the food poisoning outbreak at the Stanley Royd psychiatric hospital in Wakefield (p 348) has added new momentum to a campaign that was already in full swing at Westminster. Ironically, the inspectors, who took more than a year to complete their report, are adamant that in the case of Stanley Royd the evidence did not support the need for the abolition of crown immunity. All the environmental health officers questioned by the inquiry team agreed that the conditions at the hospital, though sometimes far from ideal, at no time would have justified a prosecution under the food and drugs legislation. Nevertheless, in the months to come, members of parliament will cite the tragedy in Wakefield as proof of the urgent need to abolish crown immunity. Conservative backbencher Mr Richard Shepherd, the member for Hereford, is soon to launch a private Bill in the Commons, which would make those employed in kitchens on crown premises subject to the health and safety laws. His supporters acknowledge the inquiry team's opinion that crown immunity did not contribute to the food poisoning at Stanley Royd hospital; but they believe strongly that this does not affect the principle of the matter. Indeed, the Wakefield outbreak, in which 19 people died and a total of 355 patients and 106 members of staff were affected, was the most extreme consequence of a general level of hygiene in NHS hospital kitchens that seems to be nothing short of scandalous. The inquiry team referred to comments made frequently to us that the Institute of Environmental Health Officers regarded many hospital kitchens throughout the country as being unsatisfactory, a view publicly reiterated many times since our hearings concluded. Stripped of the ultimate sanction of bringing criminal charges against crown servants, the health officers regard themselves as visitors and advisers. The government, not wishing to abolish crown immunity for a variety of reasons, wants hospitals to act on this advice to bring their kitchens up to acceptable hygiene standards without recourse to the law. The report, however, seems to question this approach; the inquiry team uncovered a difference between the way that health inspectors carry out their duties on hospital premises compared with other establishments. This difference is difficult to define but was appreciated by all the officers who gave evidence before us. The only reason that we were able to discern for this difference was that the environmental
Short-Term Clinical Outcome of Patients With Acute Pulmonary Embolism, Normal Blood Pressure, and Echocardiographic Right Ventricular Dysfunction
Authors: Stefano Grifoni, Iacopo Olivotto, Paolo Cecchini, Filippo Pieralli, Alberto Camaiti, Gennaro Santoro, Alberto Conti, Giancarlo Agnelli, Giancarlo Berni
Journal: Circulation (2000)

The role of echocardiographic right ventricular (RV) dysfunction in predicting clinical outcome in clinically stable patients with pulmonary embolism (PE) is undefined. In this study, we assessed the prevalence and clinical outcome of normotensive patients with RV dysfunction among a broad spectrum of PE patients.This prospective clinical outcome study included cohort of 209 consecutive patients (age, 65+/-15 years) with documented PE. Acute RV dysfunction was diagnosed in the presence of >/=1 of the following: RV dilatation (without hypertrophy), paradox septal systolic motion, and Doppler evidence of pulmonary hypertension. Four groups were identified: 28 patients presenting with shock or cardiac arrest (13%), 19 hypotensive patients without shock (9%), 65 normotensive patients with echocardiographic RV dysfunction (31%), and 97 normotensive patients without RV dysfunction (47%). Among normotensive patients with RV dysfunction, 6 (10%) developed PE-related shock after admission: 3 of these patients died, and 3 were successfully treated with thrombolytic agents. In comparison, none of the 97 normotensive patients without RV dysfunction developed shock or died as a result of PE.A significant proportion (31%) of normotensive patients with acute PE presents with RV dysfunction; these patients with latent hemodynamic impairment have a 10% rate of PE-related shock and 5% in-hospital mortality and may require aggressive therapeutic strategies. Conversely, normotensive patients without echocardiographic RV dysfunction have a benign short-term prognosis. Thus, early detection of echocardiographic RV dysfunction is of major importance in the risk stratification of normotensive patients with acute PE.
Vitamin B12 (from Streptomyces griseus) in Pernicious Anaemia
Authors: M. H. Pappworth
Journal: BMJ (1950)

ULCERATIVE COLITIS BDICJOURNAL marked fatty degeneration and there was well-marked necrosis of the liver cells in the central areas of the lobules.There was little regeneration of the liver cells, but proliferation of the bile ducts was well marked.Congestion was not pronounced and infiltration by inflammatory cells was minimal.Bile thrombi were not seen.Colon:-The submucosa was thickened and oedematous, and was infiltrated with lymphocytes and polymorphs.The mucosa was shed in places.Case 3 -A married woman aged 33 had a 102-years history of diar- rhoea with blood and mucus; motions numbered 14 to 20 daily in bad attacks, which were fairly well controlled by sulphonamides.She became worse in February, 1949, since when she has had fluctuating jaundice.On examination her nutrition was fair, the conjunctivae were slightly icteric, and the fingers were clubbed.Oedema of legs and ascites were not present.Her liver was enlarged a hand's breadth below the costal margin, extending right across the epigastrium; the lower border was firm and quite regular.Investigations.-Hb, 860%X; red cells, 4,020,000 per c.mm.; white cells, 7,400; normal differential count.Urine: bili- rubin +, urobilin increased.Prothrombin index, 70%1 ; alkaline phosphatase, 13.4 units; thymol turbidity, 15 units.Plasma proteins, 8.92 g.%/,-albumin 3.65 g., globulin 5.27 g.%.Sig- moidoscopy showed thickening of the rectal mucous membrane with ulceration and haemorrhage.The patient subsequently improved; the jaundice has subsided, and the liver has diminished in size.Summary Three cases of chronic ulcerative colitis which were associ- ated with severe liver damage are described, together with the post-mortem finuings in one.The possibility that there is a causal association between the two conditions is discussed.
Human urine-derived stem cells can be induced into osteogenic lineage by silicate bioceramics via activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway
Authors: Junjie Guan, Jieyuan Zhang, Shangchun Guo, Hongyi Zhu, Zhenzhong Zhu, Haiyan Li, Yang Wang, Changqing Zhang, Jiang Chang
Journal: Biomaterials (2015)
Critical Illness Outcomes in Specialty versus General Intensive Care Units
Authors: Jason P. Lott, Theodore J. Iwashyna, Jason D. Christie, David A. Asch, Andrew A. Kramer, Jeremy M. Kahn
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2009)

General intensive care units (ICUs) provide care across a wide range of diagnoses, whereas specialty ICUs provide diagnosis-specific care. Risk-adjusted outcome differences across such units are unknown.To determine the association between specialty ICU care and the outcome of critical illness.We conducted a retrospective cohort study design analyzing patients admitted to 124 ICUs participating in the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation IV from January 2002 to December 2005. We examined 84,182 patients admitted to specialty and general ICUs with an admitting diagnosis or procedure of acute coronary syndrome, ischemic stroke, intracranial hemorrhage, pneumonia, abdominal surgery, or coronary-artery bypass graft surgery. ICU type was determined by a local data coordinator at each site. Patients were classified by admission to a general ICU, a diagnosis-appropriate ("ideal") specialty ICU, or a diagnosis-inappropriate ("non-ideal") specialty ICU. The primary outcomes were in-hospital mortality and ICU length of stay.After adjusting for important confounders, there were no significant differences in risk-adjusted mortality between general versus ideal specialty ICUs for all conditions other than pneumonia. Risk-adjusted mortality was significantly greater for patients admitted to non-ideal specialty ICUs. There was no consistent effect of specialization on length of stay for all patients or for ICU survivors.Ideal specialty ICU care appears to offer no survival benefit over general ICU care for select common diagnoses. Non-ideal specialty ICU care (i.e., "boarding") is associated with increased risk-adjusted mortality.
Maternal-Fetal Interactions and Disease
Authors: Thomas J. Gill
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1993)

The recognition of associations between HLA antigens and a variety of diseases has stimulated many immunologic studies of the pathogenesis of complex human diseases. This is particularly true of autoimmune diseases1,2 and, more recently, some reproductive disorders3,4. In interpreting these associations, however, one must avoid the pitfall of looking for a lost key under the nearest street lamp, not because that is where it was lost but because that is where the light is.There remains much to learn about the structure and function of the 3800-to-4000-kilobase segment of the human genome that encompasses the major histocompatibility . . .
The Value of Sharing Treatment Decision Making With Patients
Authors: Steven J. Katz, Sarah Hawley
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Carbonic Anhydrase IX Expression, a Novel Surrogate Marker of Tumor Hypoxia, Is Associated With a Poor Prognosis in Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Daniel E.B. Swinson, J. Louise Jones, Donna Richardson, Charles Wykoff, Helen Turley, Jaromir Pastorek, Nick Taub, Adrian L. Harris, Kenneth J. O’Byrne
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2003)

Purpose: To evaluate carbonic anhydrase (CA) IX as a surrogate marker of hypoxia and investigate the prognostic significance of different patterns of expression in non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods: Standard immunohistochemical techniques were used to study CA IX expression in 175 resected NSCLC tumors. CA IX expression was determined by Western blotting in A549 cell lines grown under normoxic and hypoxic conditions. Measurements from microvessels to CA IX positivity were obtained. Results: CA IX immunostaining was detected in 81.8% of patients. Membranous (m) (P = .005), cytoplasmic (c) (P = .018), and stromal (P &lt; .001) CA IX expression correlated with the extent of tumor necrosis (TN). The mean distance from vascular endothelium to the start of tumor cell positivity was 90 μm, which equates to an oxygen pressure of 5.77 mmHg. The distance to blood vessels from individual tumor cells or tumor cell clusters was greater if they expressed mCA IX than if they did not (P &lt; .001). Hypoxic exposure of A549 cells for 16 hours enhanced CA IX expression in the nuclear and cytosolic extracts. Perinuclear (p) CA IX (P = .035) was associated with a poor prognosis. In multivariate analysis, pCA IX (P = .004), stage (P = .001), platelet count (P = .011), sex (P = .027), and TN (P = .035) were independent poor prognostic factors. Conclusion: These results add weight to the contention that mCA IX is a marker of tumor cell hypoxia. The absence of CA IX staining close to microvessels suggests that these vessels are functionally active. pCA IX expression is representative of an aggressive phenotype.
A proteomic study of the effects of ramipril on post‐infarction left ventricular remodelling in the rabbit
Authors: Ching‐Yi Chen, Bai‐Chin Lee, Hsiu‐Ching Hsu, Hung‐Ju Lin, Chia‐Lun Chao, Yen‐Hung Lin, Yi‐Lwun Ho, Ming‐Fong Chen
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2008)
Human chorionic gonadotropin hormone prevents wasting syndrome and death in HIV-1 transgenic mice.
Authors: S K De, C R Wohlenberg, N J Marinos, D Doodnauth, J L Bryant, A L Notkins
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1997)

At birth, transgenic mice, homozygous for the HIV-1 provirus pNL4-3, deleted in gag/pol, are normal in appearance and weight. Within several days after birth, the pups develop a syndrome characterized by dry, scaly, hyperkeratotic skin, growth failure, and death. The possibility that the homozygous embryos are being protected during gestation by a maternal factor led us to treat the newborn animals with various pregnancy-related hormones including human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), estrogen, progesterone, and dexamethasone. Treatment with hCG prevented death, led to normal growth, and markedly reduced skin lesions. In contrast to the skin of the untreated homozygous pups, which expressed high levels of HIV mRNA and proteins (i.e., gp120 and Nef), the skin of the hCG-treated pups showed a marked reduction in both HIV mRNA and proteins. Discontinuation of hCG resulted in the reappearance of HIV transcripts and proteins, skin lesions, and growth failure resulting in death. In addition, HIV transcripts and proteins were reduced significantly in heterozygous mothers during pregnancy, but reappeared after parturition. Similarly, hCG treatment resulted in a decrease of HIV proteins in the skin of nonpregnant heterozygous transgenic mice. These findings suggest that the inhibiting effect of hCG on HIV expression may be clinically useful in the treatment of HIV infections, and may be responsible, during pregnancy, for the low transmission of HIV from infected mothers to their offspring.
Is methadone too dangerous for opiate addiction?: Issue is one of toxicity <i>v</i> acceptability
Authors: Adam Bakker, Vanessa Sibanda
Journal: BMJ (2006)

The nursing profession's coming of age The end of medicine as a professionEditor-Young describes the coming of age of the nursing profession. 1 All professions and occupations are human creations and therefore are subject to change.With the widening of roles of many professions, it becomes harder to define what a doctor can do that can't be done by an appropriately trained member of another profession.Perhaps major surgery and certifying cause of death are all that remains.With the increasing difficulty of getting junior doctors to do anything that may be regarded as work (rather than education) we doctors may be engineering the abolition of our profession, and we may move from distinct professions to practitioners from varied backgrounds being trained for a particular function.
III. Electron Microscopic Studies of Human Myocardium
Authors: Arthur A. Stein
Journal: JAMA (1962)

Portions of auricular myocardium obtained surgically from a series of 11 cases of congenital and rheumatic heart disease were embedded for electronmicroscopic study. The normal distribution of the organelles in the ultrastructure of the human heart is described. The difference between human and other mammalian heart muscles appears to be only quantitative.