tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Calf Lung Surfactant Extract Prophylaxis and Retinopathy of Prematurity
Authors: Michael X. Repka, Mark L. Hudak, Cameron F. Parsa, James M. Tielsch
Journal: Ophthalmology (1992)

Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is an important cause of blindness among extremely low birth weight infants (birth weight ≤ 1000 g). In the 1990s, greater numbers of extremely low birth weight infants will survive, in part due to routine surfactant replacement therapy for neonatal respiratory distress syndrome. Few studies have evaluated the effect of surfactant therapy on the incidence and severity of ROP. The authors performed a review of the records of extremely low birth weight infants born in two 2-year intervals before and after initiation of a clinical protocol in which all extremely low birth weight infants received prophylactic treatment with calf lung surfactant extract (Infasurf). Surfactant therapy was associated with a significant improvement in survival to discharge (79% [88 of 112] versus 63% [82 of 131]; P = 0.01). Compared with control infants, surfactant-treated infants had a significantly lower incidence of any stage of ROP (64% [56 of 87] versus 85% [68 of 80]; P < 0.004). The incidence of threshold (Stage 3 plus or greater) ROP was substantially reduced (3.4% [3 of 87] versus 10% [8 of 80]; P = 0.16)). The surfactant-associated reduction in ROP was independent of birth weight, gestational age, race, or sex. These data suggest that Infasurf may substantially reduce the incidence and severity of ROP in the extremely low birth weight population. Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is an important cause of blindness among extremely low birth weight infants (birth weight ≤ 1000 g). In the 1990s, greater numbers of extremely low birth weight infants will survive, in part due to routine surfactant replacement therapy for neonatal respiratory distress syndrome. Few studies have evaluated the effect of surfactant therapy on the incidence and severity of ROP. The authors performed a review of the records of extremely low birth weight infants born in two 2-year intervals before and after initiation of a clinical protocol in which all extremely low birth weight infants received prophylactic treatment with calf lung surfactant extract (Infasurf). Surfactant therapy was associated with a significant improvement in survival to discharge (79% [88 of 112] versus 63% [82 of 131]; P = 0.01). Compared with control infants, surfactant-treated infants had a significantly lower incidence of any stage of ROP (64% [56 of 87] versus 85% [68 of 80]; P < 0.004). The incidence of threshold (Stage 3 plus or greater) ROP was substantially reduced (3.4% [3 of 87] versus 10% [8 of 80]; P = 0.16)). The surfactant-associated reduction in ROP was independent of birth weight, gestational age, race, or sex. These data suggest that Infasurf may substantially reduce the incidence and severity of ROP in the extremely low birth weight population.
318 THE BALANCE BETWEEN INTRA-HEPATIC IL-17 POSITIVE T CELLS AND FOXP3 POSITIVE REGULATORY CELLS PLAYS AN IMPORTANT ROLE IN THE HBV-RELATED END-STAGE LIVER DISEASES
Authors: Y.H. Niu, H.L. Liu, R.T. Yi, T.Y. Chen, S.L. Zhang, S.M. Lin, Y.R. Zhao
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
Economic Incentives for Ethical and Courteous Behavior in Medicine
Authors: Edmund L. Erde
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1990)

Several current and proposed structural features of medical reimbursement are intended to alter the behavior of health care providers. I propose adding a structure to make physician behavior more ethical. The structure's design would be complex, but its core would be reminiscent of how a patron tips waiters. My proposal would apply the truism that society's reward systems should foster rather than undermine social goals. This idea draws on features of medicine's social background and on a theory of behavior. It challenges the taboo against the physician's financial interests being clearly present in the doctor-patient relationship and it challenges the overly pure characterization of medical ethical dilemmas that currently dominates. Detailed sketches of necessary mechanisms, such as anonymous forms for patients to complete, are offered, and connections to the insights of George Bernard Shaw are made.
Letter to Cancer Center Directors: Progress in Quantitative Imaging As a Means to Predict and/or Measure Tumor Response in Cancer Therapy Trials
Authors: James M. Mountz, Thomas E. Yankeelov, Daniel L. Rubin, John M. Buatti, Bradley J. Erikson, Fiona M. Fennessy, Robert J. Gillies, Wie Huang, Michael A. Jacobs, Paul E. Kinahan, Charles M. Laymon, Hannah M. Linden, David A. Mankoff, Lawrence H. Schwartz, Hyunsuk Shim, Richard L. Wahl
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2014)

The purpose of this correspondence is to alertcancer center directors and their associated biomedical imaging pro-grams about recent progress in quantitative imaging as a means topredictand/ormeasuretumorresponsetodrugorradiationtherapy,adevelopmentthatiscriticalto(forexample)implementingadaptivetherapy trial designs. There have been a number of initiatives in thisarea by the National Cancer Institute (NCI) and the RadiologicalSociety of North America (eg, the Quantitative Imaging BiomarkersAlliance
B-cell lymphoma associated with chronic lymphatic leukaemia: two cases with contrasting aggressive and indolent behaviour
Authors: R.C. RATNAVEL, D.K. DUNN-WALTERS, L. BOURSIER, E. FRAZER-ANDREWS, G. ORCHARD, R. RUSSELL-JONES, E. CALONJE
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1999)

The term Richter's syndrome is used to describe the transformation of chronic lymphatic leukaemia (CLL) into a high-grade systemic lymphoma and is associated with a poor prognosis. We have undertaken detailed molecular studies in two patients with cutaneous B-cell lymphoma (CBCL) and CLL. Patient 1 exhibited a low-grade CBCL with different immunoglobulin gene rearrangements in blood and skin. By contrast, patient 2 showed identical gene rearrangements, confirmed by gene sequencing, and died within 4 months of presentation. The latter patient fulfilled the criteria for a diagnosis of cutaneous Richter's syndrome, whereas the former patient demonstrated the coincidence of CLL with a primary CBCL. Our results highlight the importance of gene rearrangement studies with sequencing for the accurate diagnosis of cutaneous Richter's syndrome.
Pathologists Are Doctors
Authors: Neil Blumberg
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1993)

Letters1 April 1993Pathologists Are DoctorsNeil Blumberg, MD, Michael Albert, MD, and Keith Krabill, MDNeil Blumberg, MDSearch for more papers by this author, Michael Albert, MDSearch for more papers by this author, and Keith Krabill, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-118-7-199304010-00036 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:We were both moved and appalled by Dr. Inoshita's piece. He found pathology to be suffocating, sterile. Alas, perhaps the fault is in Dr. Inoshita, not in his stars. Dr. Inoshita has finally become a doctor. By implication, pathologists, including those who get out of bed in the middle of the night to perform an emergency therapeutic leukapheresis or a frozen section on a patient are not doctors. We hope Dr. Inoshita can muster more sensitivity for and insight into his patients than he shows his colleagues. And what of those benighted internists who for various reasons ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Neil Blumberg, MD; Michael Albert, MD; Keith Krabill, MD PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 April 1993Volume 118, Issue 7Page: 575KeywordsClinical laboratoriesPathologistsResearch laboratoriesSports and exercise medicine ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 1 April 1993 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1993 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Next-Day Care for Emergency Department Users with Nonacute Conditions
Authors: Donna L. Washington
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2002)

Background: Because of overcrowding and cost-control efforts, emergency departments are under pressure to refer patients with nonacute conditions to other settings. However, no validated systematic methods exist for safely performing such referrals. Objective: To determine the effects on health status and access to care of systematically referring patients with nonacute conditions to next-day primary care. Design: Randomized, controlled trial. Setting: An emergency department in a public hospital. Patients: 156 adults who used the emergency department on weekdays from 7:00 a.m. to 3:00 p.m. and met criteria for deferred care. The criteria applied to three symptom complexes that account for 33% of U.S. emergency department visits by adults. Intervention: Next-day care at the study site's primary care center or usual same-day care. Measurements: Self-reported health status and use of health services during 1-week follow-up. Results: Patients assigned to next-day care did not demonstrate clinically important disadvantages in health status or physician visits compared with usual care patients. In each group, more than 95% of patients were evaluated at least once by a physician, 4% sought health services after their initial evaluation, and no patients were hospitalized or died. At follow-up, both groups reported improved health status and fewer days in bed or with disability, although the deferred care group reported less improvement on all three measures. The 95% CIs were sufficiently narrow to exclude a clinically significant difference in self-reported health status. However, the possibility of 1 additional day in bed or with disability in the deferred care group could not be excluded. Conclusions: Clinically detailed standardized screening criteria can safely identify patients at public hospital emergency departments for referral to next-day care. However, larger studies are needed to assess the possibility of adverse effects.
On the origin of rice bodies with apatite crystals
Authors: W Mohr
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2003)

On the origin of rice bodies with apatite crystalsWe read with interest the article of Li-Yu et al on synovial rice bodies containing calcium hydroxyapatite crystals. 1 From their findings the authors assume that the pathogenesis of this "apparently" rare coincidence of fibrin with bone-like apatite crystals remains unexplained.A brief case report may give insight into the development of such a coincidence.A specimen taken at operation from the knee joint of a 55 year old woman with longstanding seropositive rheumatoid arthritis and rapid joint destruction owing to ischaemic bone necroses of the femoral and tibial compartment exhibited macroscopically a synovial membrane entirely covered with villous fibrin. 2 Light microscopy showed villi of older fibrin including a lot of tissue fragments (fig 1A).Sections stained with haematoxylin and eosin showed that these particles consisted of irregular shaped bone sequesters and basophilic granules as well as shreds of hyaline cartilage.In alizarin red stained sections the bone fragments were usually faintly stained (fig 1B).However, a multitude of tiny granules were characterised by a strong stainability with this "calcium dye" (fig 1C). 3 From this observation it can be deduced that bone debris from osteonecrotic areas gained access to the synovial membrane via the synovial fluid.The shreds of bone debris induced a preferentially "fibrinous inflammation", leading to villi with entrapped cartilage and bone fragments of different size as well as tiny bone particles appearing as alizarin red granules.With respect to the development of rice bodies of fibrin with enclosed "apatite crystals" it may be assumed that parts of the villous fibrin with bone particles can become detached from their synovial adherence and "reappear" in the synovial fluid with the formation of rice bodies.The morphological findings described in the case report are an unusual major form of fibrinous debris synovitis due to large bone necroses.However, minor forms of this synovial reaction, originally described by Freund in 1927, 4 are not rare, and histological investigations on synovial membranes from
Review: Enteral or parenteral nutrition reduces risk for mortality in acute pancreatitis
Authors: Shahnaz Sultan
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2008)

ACP Journal ClubDecember 16, 2008Review: Enteral or parenteral nutrition reduces risk for mortality in acute pancreatitisShahnaz Sultan, MD, Chris E. Forsmark, MDShahnaz Sultan, MDMalcolm Randall VA Medical Center (S.S.)Search for more papers by this author, Chris E. Forsmark, MDUniversity of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA (C.E.F.)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-149-12-200812160-02006 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Source CitationPetrov MS, Pylypchuk RD, Emelyanov NV. Systematic review: nutritional support in acute pancreatitis. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2008;28:704-12. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18616520Clinical Impact RatingsHospitalists: Gastroenterology: References1 Forsmark CE, Baillie J. [AGA Institute technical review on acute pancreatitis]. Rev Gastroenterol Mex. 2007;72:257-85. [PMID: 18402218] Google Scholar2 Proper Nutrition for Acute Pancreatitis Patients (SNAP). Clinical Trials.gov NCT00580749 clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00580749?term=nasogastric+AND+nasojejunal+feeding+AND+acute+pancreatitis&rank=1 (accessed 22 October 2008). Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Malcolm Randall VA Medical Center (S.S.)University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA (C.E.F.) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics December 16, 2008Volume 149, Issue 12Page: JC6-6KeywordsAcute pancreatitisHospitalistsHyperglycemiaJejunumMorbidityNutritionPancreatitisPatientsPopulation statisticsSafetySystematic reviews Issue Published: December 16, 2008 CopyrightCopyright © 2008 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Different mechanism of lumen enlargement during balloon angioplasty between focal and diffuse in-stent restenosis
Authors: Makoto Hirose, Yoshio Kobayashi, Farzana Arif, Octavia Balan, Arlene Reyes, Ioannis Iakovou, Costantino Costantini, Issam Moussa, George Dangas, Roxana Mehran, Alexandra J. Lansky, Gregg W. Stone, Gary S. Mintz, Martin B. Leon, Jeffrey W. Moses
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
Leg ulcer and thigh telangiectasia associated with natural killer cell CD56– large granular lymphocyte leukemia in a patient with pseudo-Felty syndrome
Authors: Ana Filipa Duarte, Ana Nogueira, Alberto Mota, Teresa Baudrier, Áurea Canelhas, Jorge Cancela, Margarida Lima, Filomena Azevedo
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2009)
Endogenous T Cell Responses to Antigens Expressed in Lung Adenocarcinomas Delay Malignant Tumor Progression
Authors: Michel DuPage, Ann F. Cheung, Claire Mazumdar, Monte M. Winslow, Roderick Bronson, Leah M. Schmidt, Denise Crowley, Jianzhu Chen, Tyler Jacks
Journal: Cancer Cell (2011)
THE PREVENTION AND TREATMENT OF SHOCK
Authors: E. M. Cowell
Journal: BMJ (1939)

The term "shock " should not be used unqualified.In civilian surgery it should be preceded by the word "surgical " or "traumatic>" and in military or air-raid surgery the term "wound-shock" (1917) is accurate and descriptive.This terminology avoids confusing the con- dition with " shell-shock " or shock resulting from a transient psychical disturbance.Wound-shock is not a nervous phenomenon; indeed, the nervous system occupies only a small part of the picture.The conception of wound-shock as being a condition of failure of the circulation is all-important.It may be defined as a condition of lowered vitality of the body resulting from injury or accident, which leads to failure of the circulation, with lowering of the blood pressure, reduction of the body temperature, diminution of the blood volume and concentration of the blood, intra- cellular anoxaemia, and, in untreated cases, subsequent death.An excellent discussion of the theories of traumatic shock may be found in Cannon 's book (1923a).None of the theories, however, were very helpful in the matter of treatment, and vast numbers of wounded died from shock in the first years of the great war. Findings of Shock Committee in 1917Early in 1917 a Shock Committee was established in London, and the first memorandum on the subject was published.Experimental work was undertaken by Bayliss and others in this country, and clinical observations were made by Fraser, Hooper, and Cowell in France.W. B. Cannon arrived from Harvard and took an important part in the investigations, working with Bayliss in London and Fraser in Bethune.It was felt that much might be learned from studying the actual conditions under which men were wounded, and by making clinical observations immediately the man was hit and in the next few hours while he was being transported to the casualty clearing station.No. 33 Casualty Clearing Station was the receiving hospital where Fraser and Cannon worked in the operating theatre and laboratory respectively, and Cowell made observations in the trenches on Hill 70, following the casualties to the regimental aid posts and advanced dressing station in Loos.From this study it became clear that wound-shock could be classified into two types: primary, which was rare, and occurred only in wounds, which were almost immediately fatal; and secondary-the common type-which was of slow onset, and occurred in the presence of one or more of
1187 The predictive value of core AG testing in the management of patients receiving PEG-IFN/ribavirin treatment — relevance for the early identification of non-responders and relapsers
Authors: P PRADAT, M MAYNARD, P BERTHILLON, G PICCHIO, H TILLMANN, J WIEGAND, N VOIRIN, M MANNS, M BUTI, J ESTEBAN
Journal: Hepatology (2003)
“Working the System”—British American Tobacco's Influence on the European Union Treaty and Its Implications for Policy: An Analysis of Internal Tobacco Industry Documents
Authors: Katherine E. Smith, Gary Fooks, Jeff Collin, Heide Weishaar, Sema Mandal, Anna B. Gilmore
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2010)

Impact assessment (IA) of all major European Union (EU) policies is now mandatory. The form of IA used has been criticised for favouring corporate interests by overemphasising economic impacts and failing to adequately assess health impacts. Our study sought to assess how, why, and in what ways corporations, and particularly the tobacco industry, influenced the EU's approach to IA.In order to identify whether industry played a role in promoting this system of IA within the EU, we analysed internal documents from British American Tobacco (BAT) that were disclosed following a series of litigation cases in the United States. We combined this analysis with one of related literature and interviews with key informants. Our analysis demonstrates that from 1995 onwards BAT actively worked with other corporate actors to successfully promote a business-oriented form of IA that favoured large corporations. It appears that BAT favoured this form of IA because it could advance the company's European interests by establishing ground rules for policymaking that would: (i) provide an economic framework for evaluating all policy decisions, implicitly prioritising costs to businesses; (ii) secure early corporate involvement in policy discussions; (iii) bestow the corporate sector with a long-term advantage over other actors by increasing policymakers' dependence on information they supplied; and (iv) provide businesses with a persuasive means of challenging potential and existing legislation. The data reveal that an ensuing lobbying campaign, largely driven by BAT, helped secure binding changes to the EU Treaty via the Treaty of Amsterdam that required EU policymakers to minimise legislative burdens on businesses. Efforts subsequently focused on ensuring that these Treaty changes were translated into the application of a business orientated form of IA (cost-benefit analysis [CBA]) within EU policymaking procedures. Both the tobacco and chemical industries have since employed IA in apparent attempts to undermine key aspects of European policies designed to protect public health.Our findings suggest that BAT and its corporate allies have fundamentally altered the way in which all EU policy is made by making a business-oriented form of IA mandatory. This increases the likelihood that the EU will produce policies that advance the interests of major corporations, including those that produce products damaging to health, rather than in the interests of its citizens. Given that the public health community, focusing on health IA, has largely welcomed the increasing policy interest in IA, this suggests that urgent consideration is required of the ways in which IA can be employed to undermine, as well as support, effective public health policies.
Use of personal computers in a teaching hospital in Zambia
Authors: I H Wilson, D A K Watters
Journal: BMJ (1988)

This article reports on doctors who imported microcomputers to Zambia to use in a teaching hospital. The types of programs utilized and the cost of the programs is provided. Computers are used in both hospital and general practice and are often large, powerful, and expensive models that would be inappropriate in the developing countries. This is particulary true where there is a lack of trained technicians locally to maintain both hardware and software. Recent reductions in the costs of buying and running microcomputers meant that it became possible to consider using them more in medical practice, and user friendly software made them particularly suitable for use in hospitals in developing countries. Personal computers are useful because they enable doctors to teach and write in countries in which medical and administrative manpower is limited. The effectiveness of many doctors in developing could be increased if they had access to microcomputers. The authors promote the use of microcomputers as cost effective and urge any doctors planning to work in a developing country where research or administration will be part of their job to take a computer with them.