tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Microsleep during a Simplified Maintenance of Wakefulness Test
Authors: BENOIT PRIEST, COLETTE BRICHARD, GENEVIEVE AUBERT, GIUSEPPE LIISTRO, DANIEL O. RODENSTEIN
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2001)

Daytime somnolence is both a symptom in many patients and a prevalent complaint in the general population, but its objective assessment remains elusive. The current available tests are technically complex and thus inadequate for routine clinical use or epidemiological studies. A simplified behavioral maintenance of wakefulness test (OSLER test) has been recently described that could allow for widespread availability of objective measurements of this symptom. We verified the occurrence of (micro)sleep (episodes of sleep of ⩾ 3 s duration) during the performance of the OSLER test in 10 normal subjects after a non–sleep-deprived night and a sleep-deprived night in randomized order. Sleep was assessed electrophysiologically according to standard methods. The OSLER test (mean of four measurements) was significantly shorter after the sleep-deprived night (25 min versus 38 min). Single missed stimuli were frequent with or without (micro)sleep, but (micro)sleep was almost always present when four or more consecutive stimuli were missed. The sensitivity and specificity of the test in detecting sleep (of ⩾ 3 s duration) are 85% and 94%, respectively. The total number of missed stimuli per minute duration of the test could add valuable information to the simpler mean test result. Sensitivity and specificity are not altered when only three measurements are performed. We conclude that the OSLER test appears as a simple, easy, and reliable method to objectively assess daytime somnolence.
Smoking influence in management of patients followed in an asthma unit
Authors: Ezequiel Ortega Sáenz de Tejada, Jose Luis Velasco Garrido, Nuria Maria Reina Marfil, María Victoria Hidalgo Sanjuán
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

TARGET: We wanted to know the smoking influence in our asthmatic population and how tobacco can affect their asthma evolution and control. METHOD: We analyzed patients that were followed in our asthma unit in last 3 months. We totally recruited 141 patients (48 men (34%) and 93 women (66%), average age= 49.99 +/- 16.90 years old). We registered their smoking history and phase, control and crisis of asthma in the last year. RESULTS: 5 patients (3.5%) were in intermittent asthma, 18 (12.8%) mild persistent, 69 (48.9%) moderate persistent and finally 49 (34.8%) severe persistent. About control we observed 32 patients (22.7%) were well-controlled, 51(36.2%) were partially-controlled and 58 (41.1%) were not-controlled. The smoking history showed 18 patients (12.8%) were active smokers, 25 (17.7%) ex-smokers and 98 (69.5%) non-smokers. If we analyze the smokers ones, 9 (50%) were moderate-persistent asthmatics, 8 (44.4%) severe-persistent and only 1 patient (5.5%) was mild-persistent. Ex-smokers: 10 of them (40%) were severe-persistent, 9 (36%) moderate-persistent and 5 (20%) mild-persistent. About control of asthma, 11 smokers (61.1%) and 12 ex-smokers (48%) were not-controlled; 7 smokers (38.8%) and 9 ex-smokers (36%) were partially-controlled. Only 4 ex-smokers (16%) were well-controlled. Finally, 39 patients (27.7%) visited emergency units in the last year. 14 of them were smokers (35%) and 11 ex-smokers (28%). In the same way, 14 of total smokers (77%) needed emergency units care. So 11 ex-smokers (25%). CONCLUSIONS: tobacco can affect the asthma management. Smokers and ex-smokers have worse control of asthma than non-smoker people, and they use to have more severe asthma too.
IMMUNOLOGICAL RELEASE OF HISTAMINE AND SLOW-REACTING SUBSTANCE OF ANAPHYLAXIS FROM HUMAN LUNG
Authors: Robert P. Orange, W. Gerald Austen, K. Frank Austen
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1971)

The sensitization of human lung with atopic serum is both time and temperature dependent. Highly purified IgE myeloma protein is capable of blocking sensitization of human lung with atopic serum whereas myeloma proteins of the IgG subgroups are inactive. Drugs capable of increasing cellular levels of CAMP such as beta-adrenergic agents and methylxanthines inhibit the antigen-induced release of both histamine and SRS-A from human lung and these agents demonstrate synergism when used together. The beta-adrenergic blocking agent, propranolol, prevents epinephrine-induced inhibition of the immunologic release of the mediators. Diethylcarbamazine also inhibits the antigen-induced release of histamine and SRS-A from human lung and a synergism between this drug and epinephrine is observed. Predominantly alpha-adrenergic stimulation achieved by combining propranolol with epinephrine or norepinephrine not only prevented the inhibitory activity of the sympathomimetic amines but also resulted in an enhanced release of histamine and SRS-A. These observations suggest that whereas increases in cellular levels of CAMP are inhibitory, decreases in cellular levels of CAMP enhance the antigen-induced release of the mediators.
Aurora kinases as novel drug targets in gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumor disease: Antiproliferative and pro-apoptotic effects of ZM 447439, a new aurora kinase inhibitor, in BON and QGP-1 cells
Authors: P. Grabowski, I. Georgieva, Y. Wang, D. Koychev, S. Griss, C. N. Arnold, D. Hörsch, M. Grünbaum, H. Stein, M. Zeitz
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

22023 Background: The serine/threonine protein kinases aurora A and B, key regulators of mitosis, are emerging as novel drug targets for cancer treatment. Aurora B overexpression has been previously documented by immunohistochemistry in several types of human tumors. In gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (GEP-NETs) the therapeutic possibilities are still not satisfactory. Therefore, we assessed aurora B expression in a series of well-differentiated GEP-NETs and studied the effects of a novel aurora kinase A and B inhibitor (ZM 447439) in our well-differentiated human GEP-NET cell lines BON and QGP-1. Materials and Methods: Tumor specimens from 102 patients (40 foregut, 55 midgut, 7 hindgut) were studied immunohistochemically for aurora kinase expression. The cell lines BON and QGP-1 were treated with increasing concentrations of ZM 447439 (Tocris) with or without coincubation with Streptozocin, Doxorubicin, Octreotide and SOM-230. Growth inhibition was measured with crystal violet assays, apoptosis induction with caspase 3/7 activation and DNA fragmentation. Cell cycle analysis was evaluated by performing FACS analysis. Results: The immunohistochemical analysis of aurora B in our patient collective demonstrated an overexpression in a significant portion of tumors, compared with normal epithelium. Moreover, we demonstrate that ZM 447439 inhibited dose-dependently proliferation of BON and QGP-1 cells. Treatment with ZM 447439 induced apoptosis and dose-dependently led to a cell cycle arrest. In addition, combined treatment with the somatostatin analogues Octreotide and SOM-230 in BON cells and with Streptozocin and Doxorubicin in QGP-1 cells, ZM 447439 augmented significantly the antiproliferative effects of Octreotide, Streptozocin and Doxorubicin, but not in combination with SOM-230. Conclusion: Our results suggest that aurora B may represent a valid target in well differentiated GEP- NETs, since aurora B is overexpressed in these tumors, and aurora kinase inhibition by ZM 447439 seems to be a promising new therapeutic approach, which should be evaluated in further clinical trials. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Immunohistochemical analysis of endobronchial biopsies of patients infected with Puumala hantavirus
Authors: G.D. Rankin, J. Rasmuson, J. Pourazar, A. Blomberg, C. Ahlm
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Puumala Hantavirus (PUUV) causes nephropathia epidemica (NE) and involves fever, hemorrhagia and acute renal failure but airway symptoms are common. Inhalation of aerosol-containing virus is a common route of infection. Studies have shown the involvement of a cytotoxic cell response, together with activation of endothelial cells however research into this disease in the lung is limited.  To investigate the local immune response in endobronchial biopsies of NE patients. We hypothesize that an increased inflammatory response occurs within the lower airways of patients with NE.  17 NE patients and 16 age and smoking-matched healthy controls underwent bronchoscopy. PUUV infection was confirmed using PUUV-specific IgM/IgG in serum. Bronchoscopy was performed 6-14 days after on-set of symptoms and endobronchial biopsies were processed into GMA for IHC and stained for inflammatory cells, endothelial cells and ICAM. Staining was corrected for submucosal area and epithelial length. Activated blood vessels were expressed as the ratio of ICAM+ to EN4+ vessels and corrected for submucosal area.  There was no significant difference in macrophages, eosinophils, T cells, CD4+ cells and B cells within the submucosa or between any cell type within the epithelium.  NE involves inflammation of the lung comprised of an infiltration of neutrophils, CD8+ and NK cells and increased ICAM expression in blood vessels. A cytotoxic response is likely to be important in the pathogenesis of NE.
Treating Cancer Pain
Authors: Anand B. Karnad, Henry N. Blansfield, John H. Kilwein, Alan N. Goodman, Carol S. Marcus, William M. O'neill, E. Joanna Chambers, Marie T. Fallon, William D. Bloomer, Charles S. Cleeland, Ada Jacox, Daniel B. Carr, Richard Payne
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1994)
Malignant Transformation in an Area With Elevated F-18 FDG Uptake Within a Low Metabolic Benign Neurofibroma
Authors: Addy C. M. van de Luijtgaarden, Uta E. Flucke, Winette T. A. van der Graaf, Jacky W. J. de Rooy, Han J. J. Bonenkamp, Lioe-Fee de Geus-Oei
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2010)

A 19-year-old man with a history of neurofibromatosis type 1 was referred for resection of a lesion on the left side of the lumbar spine. The lesion had been growing (4.5 cm/69% increase of the largest dimension over the last 5 years) but had never caused any pain. F-18-fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography/computed tomography (F-18-FDG) showed heterogeneous uptake within this single lesion. Initial histopathology of a low metabolic area showed benign neurofibroma. However, at definitive pathologic evaluation malignant transformation was detected in a region with high F-18 FDG uptake. Thus, false reassurance caused by a sampling error was prevented by F-18-FDG-positron emission tomography/computed tomography.
The clinical relevance of autoimmunity in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Sara Tomassetti, Christian Gurioli, Claudia Ravaglia, Sara Piciucchi, Gian Luca Casoni, Micaela Romagnoli, Carlo Gurioli, Venerino Poletti
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

The aim of this study is to evaluate the clinical significance of autoimmunity in IPF.  This is a retrospective controlled study comparing clinical characteristics and outcome of IPF patients with (n=73) and without (n=87) positive autoimmunity.  Seventy-three cases with positive autoimmunity included: 46 (63%) ANA (anti nuclear antibody), 20 (27%) RF (rheumatoid factor), 2 (3%) anti CCP (anti cyclic-citrullinated), 3 (4%) ENA (antibodies to extractable nuclear antigens), 2 (3%) ANCA (anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody).  No differences were found between patients with positive and negative autoimmunity in terms of age, gender, smoking history, prevalence of familial IPF, high resolution computed tomography features.  During follow up two patients developed an autoimmune disease (one rheumatoid arthritis and one scleroderma).  Survival between IPF patients with and without positive autoimmunity did not differ 77.4 months (95% CI 56.1-97.8).  CONCLUSION  A small minority (2.7 %) of IPF patients with positive autoimmunity test at diagnosis developed an autoimmune disease during follow-up. The presence of positive autoimmunity testing do not influence neither IPF clinical presentation nor survival.
Abstract 4425: Baseline Aldosterone/Renin Ratios Predict Responses to Thiazide in Essential Hypertension, Particularly for Already-Treated Patients
Authors: Huang Chin-Chou, Leu Hsin-Bang, Wu Tao-Cheng, Lin Shing-Jong, Chen Jaw-Wen
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Background: Response to diuretics are variable among hypertensive patients. Our study sought to identify patients who respond well to thiazide diuretics. Methods: Non-diabetic patients with either treated or untreated hypertension were evaluated if their office systolic blood pressure was ≥ 140 mmHg or if their diastolic blood pressure was ≥ 90 mmHg. After 2 weeks of a controlled diet and life style modification, patients who still had an elevated blood pressure (BP) were prospectively given hydrochlorothiazide, 50 mg per day for 2 weeks, in addition to their current treatment if there was any. Variables monitored both before and after treatment included serum aldosterone and renin, office BP. Results: Sixty-six patients received 2 weeks of thiazide treatment. Of the 66, the 27 (41%) who had a significant reduction (≥ 10% reduction from baseline) in office mean arterial pressure (MAP) were defined as responders. The other 39 patients, those who had a reduction in office MAP of &lt; 10% were defined as non-responders. Responders had a higher aldosterone/renin ratio (ARR) (77.90 ± 94.08 vs. 34.67 ± 45.56, p = 0.009) and a lower renin activity (7.44 ± 12.34 vs. 13.88 ± 14.00 pg/mL, p = 0.004). MAP reductions were directly correlated to ARR and inversely correlated to renin activity. ARR ≥ 18.58 independently predicted BP responses to thiazide in patients already taking other antihypertensive medications. Conclusions: The ARR is an independent predictor of responders to hydrochlorothiazide in non-diabetic hypertensive patients, particularly in those already taking other antihypertensive medications.
Response to Ovariectomy of &lt;italic&gt;N&lt;/italic&gt;-Methyl-&lt;italic&gt;N&lt;/italic&gt;-nitrosourea-Induced Mammary Tumors in the Rat&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;, &lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn3"&gt;3&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: L Turcot-Lemay, P A Kelly
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1981)

Noninbred Sprague-Dawley rats bearing N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU)-induced mammary tumors were ovariectomized at 2.5, 3.5, and 4.5 months after the first MNU injection to determine the response to castration as a function of the time of tumor appearance. Tumor number and tumor size recorded at weekly intervals revealed that the tumors in the control rats continued to grow during each of the three observation periods, but that tumor growth was significantly less during the third period. Ovariectomy performed at 2.5 months after the first MNU injection produced a stabilization of tumor number; when performed at 3.5 or 4.5 months, it resulted in a slight decline in tumor number. Although tumor size decreased slightly in rats that were ovariectomized at 2.5 months, many of the tumors regrew during the last 2 weeks of observation. This was not true, however, for rats that were ovariectomized at either 3.5 or 4.5 months after the first MNU injection. The level of receptors for 17 beta-estradiol (E2), progesterone, and prolactin were significantly reduced by ovariectomy. E2 receptors, which ranged from 2.04 +/- 18 to 2.24 +/- 0.24 (mean +/- SEM) pmol/g tissue for the first and second groups of control rats, declined to 0.93 +/- 0.14 pmol/g tissue for the ovariectomized rats at the end of the last interval studied (5.5 mo after the first MNU injection). This study suggests that hormone responsiveness (response to ovariectomy) of MNU-induced mammary tumors increases slightly with the age or time of appearance of the tumors.
Influence of hepatitis C and hepatitis G virus co-infection on viral and cellular dynamics in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus following interruption of highly active anti-retroviral therapy
Authors: N. Soriano-Sarabia, M.-A. Abad, A. Vallejo, S. Gutiérrez, M. Leal
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2006)

This study describes the influence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) and hepatitis G virus (HGV) co-infection on CD4 cell count decline and plasma human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) viral load in HIV-infected patients during a 1-year period following interruption of highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART) guided by CD4 count. CD4 cell count decline and plasma HIV viral load did not differ between HIV mono-infected patients and those patients co-infected with HCV and HGV. HCV genotype 1 had no apparent influence on the cellular and viral dynamics in HIV-infected patients compared with other HCV genotypes, although the unbalanced groups make larger studies desirable.
Pulmonary rehabilitation in advanced lung cancer patients during chemotherapy - Preliminary report
Authors: Dariusz Jastrzebski, Grzegorz Hydzik, Malgorzata Maksymiak, Anna Poczatek, Sabina Kostorz, Dariusz Ziora, Jerzy Kozielski
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the utility of a pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) program on mobility, pulmonary function, dyspnea and quality of life in patients with advanced lung cancer during chemotherapy.  Methods: This study included patients with newly diagnosed advanced lung cancer. Study group consisted of 12 pts with advanced non-small cell lung cancer and 5 pts with small cell lung cancer. Pulmonary function (FVC, FEV1), mobility (6 MWT), perceived of dyspnea (MRC, OCD, BDI) and quality of life (SF-36, EORTC) was analyzed before and after the intervention. The inpatients rehabilitation program was based on Nordic Walking exercise training and respiratory muscle training. Sessions occurred twice daily, each lasting approximately 60 minutes with 10-minute warm-up period.  Results: Intention-to-treat analysis indicated that 6MW distance increased 55m (95% CI, 18-75, p=.012) with no changes in pulmonary function tests (FVC, FEV1). Perceived of dyspnoea was improved in Oxygen Cost Diagram (2.4 vs. 1.3, p=.012), FI/BDI (1.7 vs. 2.4, p=.008) and overall score BDI (4.4 vs. 6.4, p=.006). General quality of life questionnaire showed improvement in Role-Physical, Bodily-Pain, Social-Functioning and Physical Cumulative Score of SF-36 without statistically significance. Lung cancer questionnaire showed significantly improvement (p  Conclusion: Pulmonary rehabilitation in advanced lung cancer patients during chemotherapy is a beneficial intervention to improvement in their lung cancer symptoms and mobility.
Outbreak of hand, foot and mouth disease/herpangina associated with coxsackievirus A6 and A10 infections in 2010, France: a large citywide, prospective observational study
Authors: A. Mirand, C. Henquell, C. Archimbaud, S. Ughetto, D. Antona, J.-L. Bailly, H. Peigue-Lafeuille
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2012)
Left heart dysfunction in acute exacerbation of COPD: Only risk factor or even outcome?
Authors: Shivanshu Goyal, Uday Gampala, D. Srinath, Nageswari Arcot
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Background:  Cardiac dysfunction worsens COPD & vice versa happens during acute exacerbation of COPD (AECOPD). Various mechanisms proposed: Large negative swings in intrathoracic pressure, ventricular interdependence, remodeling of LV myocardium etc. Hereby need was felt to assess magnitude of left ventricular dysfunction (LVD) in AECOPD.  Aim of study: To evaluate as well as correlate prevalence and severity of LVD in AECOPD. To assess possibility of COPD acting as independent risk factor for LVD.  Methods: Prospective observational study was performed among 50 AECOPD patients after exclusion of other known LVD risk factors. They were evaluated for LVD on basis of clinical, radiological, PFT, ABG & ECHO assessment. All patients once stable were called for follow up after 6 weeks for a fresh assessment.  Results: Findings revealed 80% prevalence of LV Diastolic Dysfunction (LVDD) on admission while it was found to be 72.3% on follow up. 92.5% patients of LVDD were in GOLD 3 & GOLD 4. 23 patients had PHT on admission of which 83.6% had LVDD. Out of 38 patients mechanically ventilated, 76.31% had LVDD. Mean of hospital days in LVDD group was 10.56 +3.84 and in non LVDD group was 7.5 +1.62. (p 0.05).  Conclusion: Our study highlights higher prevalence of LVDD during AECOPD, also that LVDD was present in stable COPD patients. We conclude that COPD acts as an independent risk factor for LVDD. All patients of AECOPD should be evaluated for cardiac dysfunction with an echocardiography as the later increases severity and hospitalization duration in AECOPD.
Lethal acantholytic epidermolysis bullosa due to a novel homozygous deletion in<i>DSP</i>: expanding the phenotype and implications for desmoplakin function in skin and heart
Authors: M.C. Bolling, M.J. Veenstra, M.F. Jonkman, G.F.H. Diercks, C.J. Curry, J. Fisher, H.H. Pas, A.L. Bruckner
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2010)

Desmoplakin is the major linker in desmosomes in epithelia and myocardium, anchoring intermediate filaments by the C-terminus to plakoglobin and plakophilin in the desmosomal plaque. Mutations in the gene DSP encoding desmoplakin have been associated with various phenotypes affecting skin and/or heart. One of these phenotypes, lethal acantholytic epidermolysis bullosa (LAEB), is characterized by extensive postnatal shedding of epidermis leading to early demise and is caused by recessive mutations in the gene DSP resulting in truncation of the desmoplakin C-terminus. Here we describe two infants born to the same consanguinous parents who suffered extensive epidermal dislodgment and died shortly after birth. In addition, universal alopecia, anonychia, malformed ears and cardiomyopathy were observed. As the clinical diagnosis was LAEB, DSP mutation analysis was performed. A homozygous deletion (c.2874del5) abrogating the donor splice site of exon 20 was found. The deletion is predicted to cause read-through in intron 20 with subsequent recognition of a premature termination codon, resulting in desmoplakin lacking its rod domain and C-terminus (p.Lys959MetfsX5). Electron microscopic analysis of skin biopsies showed absence of the desmosomal inner dense plaque and lack of tonofilament insertion. This is the second report of LAEB. These findings suggest DSP mutations as the aetiology of LAEB and cardiomyopathy as part of the phenotype. Furthermore, they indicate that in addition to the desmoplakin C-terminus, the rod domain is dispensable for intrauterine development but is essential for the inner dense plaque of desmosomes.
Human Rectosigmoid Electromyography: A New Approach and Some Pitfalls
Authors: E A Wegman, A M Aniss, T D Bolin, A E Davis, S C Gandevia
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (1989)

A method has been developed to record directly myoelectrical activity from the smooth muscle of the colon of intact subjects using pairs of intramuscular wires. Discrete bursts of myoelectrical activity occurred at 4–20 per min. A small interelectrode distance in this method allows contamination of colonic myoelectrical activity by the electromyogram of skeletal muscle to be excluded. This artefact has not been considered in previous recordings of ‘colonic’ activity.