tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The impact of pandemics and quality interventions on trends in hospitalized penumonia 2001-2012
Authors: T.-K. Lim, L. Widjaja
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Aim  The aim of this study is to describe the frequency and outcomes of patients hospitalized with pneumonia over the past decade.  Design  Prospective audit of a pneumonia management program in a 1,000 bed university hospital from 2001 to 2012.  Results  We analyzed data from 5,729 pneumonia hospitalizations in general wards from 2001 to 2012. There was a marked increase in average admissions from15-20 per month in 2001/2002 to 60-69 per month in 2011/12. This was especially striking in 2003 and 2009, after each pandemic of respiratory tract infection. Patients were older, mean age of 57-60yrs in 2001/2 increasing to 66yrs in 2011/12 and the proportion who had co-morbidities increased from 52-54% in 2001/2 to 85-86% in 2011/2. There was a slight increase in length of stay, from 4.1-4.5 days in 2001/2 to 4.8-5.6 days in 2011/2, but little change in 2 week re-admission rates of 4.3-9.3% in 2001/2 and 3.6-5.8% in 2011/2. The hospital mortality increased from 11.5% in 2001 to 17.5% in 2007 following which we implemented aggressive guideline based triage and resuscitation at the emergency department ( Phua J et al, Eur Resp J 2010;36:826 & Thorax 2009;64:598 ). The mortality rates then declined steadily to 8% in 2012.  Conclusions  In the past decade, following 2 respiratory pandemics, a lot more patients were hospitalized with pneumonia. The patients were older, had more co-morbidities, stayed longer in hospital and tended to suffer higher mortalities. Aggressive intervention programs are required to cope more effectively with the rising disease burden, patient morbidity and mortality from pneumonia.
Platelet BACE1 levels as a possible biomarker for Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Boris Decourt, Aaron Walker, Amanda Gonzales, Michael Malek-Ahmadi, Carolyn Liesback, Kathryn Davis, Christine Belden, Sandra Jacobson, Marwan Sabbagh
Journal: Molecular Neurodegeneration (2013)

Materials and methods We collected blood samples from 12 CN and 15 AD subjects using a standardized procedure. All samples were processed within 5-60 min after collection. Blood fractions were separated by successive centrifugations: red blood cells, platelet-rich fraction, and platelet-poor plasma. Both platelet and plasma samples were analyzed using a newly developed BACE1 ELISA method and Western blotting.
Hormone replacement therapy for all?
Authors: T. Marshall
Journal: BMJ (1996)

herbal medicines are in fact the effects of other herbal material used in error.This type of mistake is typified by the irritatingly common practice of naming vincristine and related anticancer compounds as Vinca alkaloids although they are derived from Catharanthus roseus.Unfortunately, classical taxonomists and phytoanalysts do not have the same glamour and potential to attract money as some other scientists and so are an endangered species.Their demise will result in mistakes more serious than the one in the editorial.
What Determines Asthma Phenotype?
Authors: JO A. DOUGLASS, ROBYN E. O'HEHIR
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2000)

The increase in recognition and understanding of asthma as an immune-mediated disease has provided greater insights into both the etiology and pathology of the disorder. Because infections have profound effects on the immune system, orchestrating changes in humoral and cell-mediated responses, they influence both the pathogenesis of asthma and its ongoing status. Data regarding respiratory tract and systemic infections have increased our understanding of both the underlying immune genesis of asthma and the acute inflammatory airway changes that occur during asthma. This review deals with both these aspects of respiratory infections.
Cost-consequence of yoga respiratory training on respiratory muscle function in institutionalized elderly
Authors: Maria dels Ã€ngels CebriÃ i Iranzo, Maria Angeles Tortosa Chulia, Celedonia Igual Camacho, David Alan Arnall, Jose Manuel Tomas Miguel
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Introduction: A recent study suggests that yoga respiratory training (YRT) is an effective intervention to improve respiratory muscle (RM) function in healthy elderly, although the effects of YRT remain unknown in impaired elderly. Furthermore, the cost evaluation related to RM intervention on this population is uncommon.  Aim: To evaluate the costs and consequences of YRT to improve the RM function in institutionalized elderly. We hypothesized that YRT is a low-cost intervention and would improve respiratory functioning.  Methods: Fifty-four elderly from 2 nursing-homes in Valencia (Spain), who were unable to walk, were randomly assigned to a control group (n=27) or YRT group (n=27). The supervised training protocol lasted 6 weeks (5 days/week) during 2009. Maximum inspiratory pressure (MIP), maximum expiratory pressure (MEP) and maximum voluntary ventilation (MVV) were assessed at 4 time points.  The costs were presented in 2009 €, were identified those related to staff, consumables and capital for intervention, and health professional perspective was adopted.  Results: Analysed sample (control, n=24; YRT, n=24). ANOVAs revealed significant improvements in MIP ( F   3,138 =9.122, p F   3,138 =9.102, p F   3,138 =9.167, p  The total costs were calculated attending different criteria: control group (5722€), YRT group (8022€), per elderly in YRT group (297€) and per nursing-home (6872€).  Conclusion: YRT applied to the institutionalized elderly improves RM functioning and is a low-cost intervention that could be incorporated into the physiotherapist daily routines in the nursing-homes.
Use of the Urological Resectoscope in Benign and Malignant Rectal Lesions-Review of 12 Cases
Authors: M J Kelly
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (1989)

The urological resectoscope was used over three years for 27 transanal operations in 12 patients. The procedure was quick, safe and effective. Haemorrhage was not a problem, and histology was obtained in every case. It seemed to be the treatment of choice for low anastomotic strictures in the rectum (two cases) and for palliation of inoperable low carcinomas (three cases). Its use for villous adenomas (six cases) both alone and as an adjunct to open surgery is discussed in detail.
Local Treatment of Malignant Brain Tumors Using Implantable Chemotherapeutic Polymers
Authors: Gary L. Gallia, Steven Brem, Henry Brem
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2005)

Malignant gliomas are among the most devastating human cancers. The infiltrating nature of these malignancies makes complete surgical resection nearly impossible. Conventional therapy for malignant gliomas consists primarily of surgical debulking followed by radiation therapy and possibly chemotherapy. The major factor limiting intracranial therapeutic levels of systemically administered chemotherapeutics is the physiologic barriers of the brain. This has led to the development of novel methods of drug delivery such as implantable polymers containing chemotherapeutic agents. Several phase III clinical trials show that implantation of carmustine-containing biodegradable polymers prolongs survival in patients with both recurrent and newly diagnosed malignant gliomas. In this article, we summarize these trials and discuss ongoing clinical trials involving implantable chemotherapy-containing polymers in the treatment of patients with malignant gliomas.
Abstract 1717: Calorie Restriction Reduces MMP-2 Activity and Retards Age-associated Aortic Restructuring in Rats
Authors: Mingyi Wang, Jing Zhang, Rafael de Cabo, Li-Qun Jiang, Gaia Spinetti, Gianfranco Pintus, Robert E Monticone, Donald K Ingram, Edward G Lakatta
Journal: Circulation (2006)

Calorie restriction (CR) is a reproducible approach to extend longevity in rodents. Arterial intimal thickening, with increased matrix-metalloproteinase-type-II (MMP2) activation and changes in oth...
Reducing Language Barriers in Health Care
Authors: Elizabeth A. Jacobs, Monica Vela
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Pediatrics HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Pediatrics journal
Late-breaking abstract: Association of asthma with IgE to staphylococcal enterotoxins in a GA2LEN population based case-control study
Authors: Peter Tomassen, Claus Bachert, Peter Burney, Deborah Jarvis
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Introduction: Presence of specific immunoglobulin E for staphylococcal enterotoxins (SE-IgE) in serum has been associated with severe asthma and nasal polyposis, but the prevalence and link to asthma in the general population has never been studied. We aimed to determine the prevalence of serum SE-IgE, and to study the association with asthma in the general population.

Methods: The GA2LEN Survey Follow-Up group conducted a multi-center case-control study in 18 centers across Europe. Subjects were sampled from a preceding cross-sectional survey in 4 groups (controls, asthmatics, chronic rhinosinusitis subjects, and those having both). Subjects answered questionnaires, underwent spirometry and skin prick testing for common allergens, and serum SE-IgE was measured. Analyses were weighted for sampling, using inverse probability weights.

Results: 3505 subjects participated, of which 2908 in 15 centers provided complete information and blood samples. The weighted overall prevalence of asthma was 10.6%, and the prevalence of SE-IgE >0.10 kU/L was 29.3%. SE-IgE was significantly associated with the presence of asthma, adjusting for age, sex, allergy and smoking history. The strength of the association was dependent of the SE-IgE concentration (odds ratio 1.01; 1.33; 1.54 in the first, second and third tertiles). The association was not modified by the presence of a positive skin prick test or tobacco smoking.

Conclusion: Presence of IgE to Staphylococcal enterotoxins is highly prevalent, and is associated with asthma in the general population across Europe. These findings open perspectives on a role for bacterial superantigens in the pathogenesis of asthma.
Continuous abstinence rates at 3, 6, 9 and 12 months for males in a tobacco cessation unit in Albacete University Hospital during 2010
Authors: Francisco Javier Callejas Gonzalez, Sergio Garcia Castillo, Javier Cruz Ruiz, Ana Isabel Tornero Molina, Marta Genoves Crespo, Abel Jesus Martinez Garcia, Juan Pastrana Calderon, Angel Molina Cano, Claudia Rossana Rodriguez Ortega, Maria Dolores Garcia Jimenez
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Introduction: Tobacco is the leading cause of preventable disease and death in the world. Therefore it is essential that smokers quit smoking.  Aims and Objectives: Review the results obtained in a Tobacco Cessation Unit in 2010.  Material and Methods: Retrospective descriptive analysis of the results obtained from males who were attended in a Tobacco Cessation Unit from 1 st . January to 31 st . December 2010 and subsequent follow-up to complete a year.  Results: 314 of 462 patients (50,6% males). If we do not consider those who did not attend the second consultation, 158 patients started treatment (44,3% males) and only 71 (38,02% males) completed it. Mean age 49,86 years old, mean onset smoking age, 16,2 years old, and mean cigarettes/day, 25,83. Moderate nicotine dependence (Fagerstrom 5,93) and high motivation (Richmond 8,34). Severe comorbidity, especially respiratory, 31,4%, CVRF, 91,5%, and psychiatric, 32,9%. Different treatments used: Nicotine Replacement Therapy (TSN), bupropion (BUP), varenicline (VRN), many of them simultaneously or none of them. Of the 158 patients treated, continuous abstinence rates at 3, 6, 9 and 12 months follow up for males were 50%, 30%, 27,1% and 25,7%, respectively. Failure, considered as never abstinent, in 12 males (17,1%). About males´ relapses, 38,5% relapsed before the third month.  Conclusions: 1. Only 70 males started treatment. 2. Moderate nicotine dependence and subjective high motivation. 3. Severe comorbidity, especially CVRF. 4. Continuous abstinence rates at 3, 6, 9 and 12 months follow up were 50%, 30%, 27,1% and 25,7%, respectively, and failure in 17,1%. 6. 38,5% relapsed before the third month.
F-box protein interactions with the hallmark pathways in cancer
Authors: Suzanne J Randle, Heike Laman
Journal: Seminars in Cancer Biology (2015)

F-box proteins (FBP) are the substrate specifying subunit of Skp1-Cul1-FBP (SCF)-type E3 ubiquitin ligases and are responsible for directing the ubiquitination of numerous proteins essential for cellular function. Due to their ability to regulate the expression and activity of oncogenes and tumour suppressor genes, FBPs themselves play important roles in cancer development and progression. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of FBPs and their targets in relation to their interaction with the hallmarks of cancer cell biology, including the regulation of proliferation, epigenetics, migration and invasion, metabolism, angiogenesis, cell death and DNA damage responses. Each cancer hallmark is revealed to have multiple FBPs which converge on common signalling hubs or response pathways. We also highlight the complex regulatory interplay between SCF-type ligases and other ubiquitin ligases. We suggest six highly interconnected FBPs affecting multiple cancer hallmarks, which may prove sensible candidates for therapeutic intervention.
Soluble FasL and Fas+ lymphocytes in peripheral blood of non-smoking patients with COPD
Authors: Anatoli Tahanovich, Aliaksei Kadushkin
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Background.  Fas/FasL pathway is considered to play an important role in the apoptosis of immune cells, including T-cells. However its role has not been studied in non-smoking patients with COPD.   Aim.  To evaluate the proportion of T-lymphocytes expressing Fas (CD95) and sFasL level in peripheral blood of non-smoking and smoking patients with COPD.   Methods.  We examined 21 non-smokers with COPD, 20 smokers with COPD, 20 healthy non-smokers and 21 healthy smokers. For analysis of lymphocytes subtypes the flow cytometry was used. The level of sFasL in plasma was measuredby ELISA.   Results.  There was an increase in blood T-cells expressing Fas receptors in patients with COPD irrespective of smoking status. Increased proportion of CD8+CD95+ cells and elevated level of sFasL were observed only in non-smoking COPD patients compared to non-smoking healthy control subjects. The percentages of CD3+CD95+ and CD8+CD95+ lymphocytes and sFas level were significantly higher in blood of non-smoking patients with COPD compared to COPD smokers. There was a significant positive correlation between level of sFasL and proportions of CD3+CD95+ and CD8+CD95+ cells in the combined group (smokers and non-smokers) of patients with COPD. Patients (smokers and non-smokers combined) with high and very high impact level of COPD on health status (according to the results of CAT, COPD Assessment Test) had significantly higher proportion of CD95+ T-cells than patients with low and medium impact level.   Conclusion.  The results of the study indicate smoking-independent alterations in expression ofCD95+ on blood T-cells in COPD patients and reveal some differences in the pathogenesis of COPD between smokers and non-smokers.
HER-2/neu in node-negative breast cancer: prognostic significance of overexpression influenced by the presence of in situ carcinoma.
Authors: D C Allred, G M Clark, A K Tandon, R Molina, D C Tormey, C K Osborne, K W Gilchrist, E G Mansour, M Abeloff, L Eudey
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1992)

PURPOSE Amplification and/or overexpression of the HER-2/neu oncogene have been shown to correlate with poor clinical outcome in patients with axillary node-positive breast cancer. In contrast, the prognostic significance of HER-2/neu in node-negative disease is controversial. This study was undertaken to evaluate further the relationship between HER-2/neu and clinical outcome in node-negative disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS Overexpression of HER-2/neu was evaluated by permanent-section immunohistochemistry in tumors from 613 patients with long-term clinical follow-up enrolled in the Intergroup Study 0011. Patients were stratified into low-risk (n = 307) and high-risk (n = 306) groups on the basis of tumor size and estrogen-receptor (ER) status. Low-risk patients were defined as having small (less than 3 cm), ER-positive tumors and were observed without additional treatment after initial surgery. High-risk patients had either ER-negative or large (greater than or equal to 3 cm), ER-positive tumors and were randomized to be observed (n = 146) or to receive adjuvant chemotherapy (n = 160) after surgery. RESULTS The rate of HER-2/neu overexpression was 14.3% in all tumors combined and was higher in invasive carcinomas with (21.5%) than without (11.2%) a significant noninvasive or in situ histologic component (P less than .0001). There was no relationship between overexpression and clinical outcome in the natural history setting of combined low-risk and high-risk patients not receiving adjuvant therapy (n = 453). Based on the reasoning that the influence of HER-2/neu may have been obscured by high-risk features and/or the presence of noninvasive carcinoma, we also analyzed the subset of patients with low-risk lesions not containing a significant in situ component (n = 179). Patients of this group with HER-2/neu-positive tumors showed only 40% disease-free survival (DFS) at 5 years, compared with over 80% in patients with HER-2/neu-negative tumors (P less than .0001). A similar inverse correlation was observed between overexpression and overall survival in the same group of patients (P = .0001). In a separate analysis involving patients receiving adjuvant chemotherapy, those with HER-2/neu-negative tumors showed significantly improved DFS in response to therapy compared with patients with HER-2/neu-positive tumors. CONCLUSION Overexpression of HER-2/neu is associated with poor clinical outcome in a subset of node-negative patients with small, ER-positive, predominantly invasive tumors and may play a role in resistance to adjuvant chemotherapy.
Britain must replace its lead pipes to meet WHO standards for drinking water
Authors: E. Millstone, J. Russell
Journal: BMJ (1995)

Nearly half the sample favoured maintenance prescription of injectable opiates.The inevitable outcome of such practices is illicit selling on of drugs, with accidental overdoses and deaths.Indeed, much prescribed oral methadone ends up on the streets and already seems to play a part in accidental deaths.The emergence of "dual diagnosis" patients, with both mental disorder and substance misuse, highlights the importance of psychiatric input to drug services.Although the Health of the Nation recommends consultation with users and carers, it does not suggest that services should be designed solely to satisfy consumers' preference or convenience.'Planning of services should be based on good evidence and sound clinical practice.
Endogenous Stimuli‐Sensitive Multistage Polymeric Micelleplex Anticancer Drug Delivery System for Efficient Tumor Penetration and Cellular Internalization
Authors: Junjie Li, Wendong Ke, Hui Li, Zengshi Zha, Yu Han, Zhishen Ge
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2015)

To efficiently deliver anticancer drugs to the entire tumor tissue and cancer cells, an endogenous stimuli‐sensitive multistage polymeric micelleplex drug delivery system is developed via electrostatic complexation between poly(ethylene glycol)‐ block ‐poly[( N ′‐dimethylmaleoyl‐2‐aminoethyl)aspartamide]‐ block ‐poly( ε ‐caprolactone) (PEG‐ b ‐PAsp(EDA‐DM)‐ b ‐PCL) triblock copolymer micelles and cisplatin prodrug (Pt(IV))‐conjugated cationic poly(amidoamine) dendrimers (PAMAM‐Pt(IV)). The micelleplexes maintain structural stability at pH 7.4 ensuring long blood circulation and high tumor accumulation level, while they exhibit triggered release of secondary PAMAM‐Pt(IV) dendrimer nanocarriers at tumoral acidity (≈pH 6.8) due to acid‐labile charge‐reversal properties of PAsp(EDA‐DM) component under mildly acidic condition. The released PAMAM delivery nanocarriers with small size and slightly positive charges exhibit significantly deep tumor tissue penetration and efficient cellular internalization, followed by release of active cisplatin anticancer drug in intracellular reducing medium. In vivo investigation reveals that the Pt(IV)‐loading micelleplexes significantly suppress tumor growth via intravenous injection due to synergistic effect of long circulation in bloodstream, high tumor accumulation, deep tumor tissue penetration, and efficient cellular internalization. Thus, the micelleplexes with stimuli‐responsive multistage release feature show great potentials for better therapeutic efficacy of cancer especially through enhanced tumor penetration and cellular internalization.