tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Sickness in Salonica: my first, worst, and most successful clinical trial.
Authors: A L Cochrane
Journal: BMJ (1984)

While acting as medical officer to "D" Battalion Layforce I was captured on Crete on 1 June 1941.Together with other prisoners I reached the transit camp for all prisoners of war at Salonica late in June, very tired and hungry.The camp was a run down overcrowded army barracks, infested with bed bugs.The diet was minimal-breakfast: unsweetened "ersatz" coffee; midday: a bowl of vegetable soup; evening: two slices of plain bread-in all, about 400 to 500 calories.We were always hungry.At first there were few medical problems and sufficient medical officers.There was a 200 bedded building used as a hospital; I helped in outpatients.Then, in the course of one or two weeks, everything changed-particularly for me.Firstly, I was appointed chief medical officer by the Germans after a row in the hospital.I did not want the job, nor had I any qualifications for it.The only reason for the decision was that I spoke fluent German.I inherited the hospital with three drugs-aspirin, an inefficient skin disinfectant, and something said to stop diarrhoea.I discovered one great asset-a wonderful set of orderlies.They were from Australia, New Zealand, Yugoslavia, and the United Kingdom, but the backbone were the Quakers from the Friends Field Ambulance, captured in Greece.Next came the evacuation of all the officers in the camp, leaving me with one medical assistant who took over the surgical cases.I thus became in addition senior British officer in charge of 8000 demoralised, hungry British prisoners of war.Both jobs were almost caricatures of responsibility without power.The third event was my diagnosis of the first case of diphtheria.This led to a serious epidemic of more than 80 cases.This was followed by a typhoid fever epidemic of about 12 cases.I was reasonably efficient at diagnosis.I had never previously seen a typhoid case, but the rose spots made it easy.The Germans refused all help with isolation, treatment, or screening, but there were only two deaths.Towards the end of July came a lull.We were all exhausted, hungry, and depressed, but I had enough energy to organise a medical surveillance system of the camp.This was based on the lists of British prisoners kept for food ration distribution.Notes were made by a disabled Quaker who attended all outpatient clinics.The diagnoses recorded were sandfly fever, jaundice, malaria, enteritis, and "ankle oedema," of which a few men had complained.
Abstract 3292: The potential chemomodulatory effects of didox and resveratrol on doxorubicin in colon cancer cells.
Authors: Sahar A. Khaleel, Ahmed M. Al-Abd, Azza A. Ali, Ashraf B. Abdel-Naim
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Resveratrol and didox are polyhydroxy phenols that possess potential anticancer and chemosensitizing effects. The efficacy of doxorubicin in the treatment of colorectal cancer is limited by multi-drug resistance. Herein, we have assessed the chemomodulatory effect of resveratrol and didox on doxorubicin in colorectal cancer cell lines (HCT116 and HT29). Furthermore, we have investigated the molecular aspects of this interaction. Resveratrol was found to possess anti-cancer properties; however with a relatively low potency in HCT116 (IC50 = 17.5 μM) and HT29 (IC50 = 187 μM). IC50 values of Didox in HCT 116 and HT29 was 105 μM and 501 μM, respectively. In terms of Doxorubicin, the IC50-values were 0.96 μM and 0.88 μM in HCT116 and HT29, respectively. Resveratrol combination with doxorubicin significantly reduced its IC50-values to 0.59 μM in HCT116, and to 0.49 μM in HT29. Moreover, Didox combination significantly increased the potency of doxorubicin showing IC50 shift to 0.4 μM in HCT116, and to 0.29 μM in HT29. The combination between doxorubicin and resveratrol/didox in HCT116 and HT29 was found to be additive (combination index ranged from 0.8-1.2). The pro-apoptotic genes, p53 and bax, were markedly elevated after combination of doxorubicin with resveratrol or didox in both HCT116. On the other hand, the anti apoptotic genes, bcl2 and bclx, were downregulated. Caspase-3 concentration revealed marked increase due to combination of didox with doxorubicin in both cell lines. On the other hand, resveratrol combination with doxorubicin showed marginal elevation of caspase-3 concentration in HT-29 cells while marked elevation in HCT116 cells. In conclusion, didox and resveratrol potentiated the efficacy of doxorubicin in colorectal cancer cell lines. Citation Format: Sahar A. Khaleel, Ahmed M. Al-Abd, Azza A. Ali, Ashraf B. Abdel-Naim. The potential chemomodulatory effects of didox and resveratrol on doxorubicin in colon cancer cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3292. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-3292
Kidneys With Single Pyramids
Authors: Jay Bernstein
Journal: JAMA (1979)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I am sorry that Dr Bischel and her colleagues (240:2467, 1978) have not done a more thorough review of the literature on kidneys with single pyramids. The condition was described specifically by Schubert<sup>1</sup>in 1959, and he cited an earlier description. I illustrated this abnormality in a discussion of renal hypoplasia<sup>2</sup>and commented on its relationship to oligomeganephronia, a form of congenital renal hypoplasia, with a reduction in the number of lobes and of total nephrons, delineated by Royer and colleagues<sup>3</sup>in 1962. The importance of the relationship lies in the frequency with which congenital hypoplasia accounts for chronic renal failure in young people: Approximately 10% of end-stage renal disease in children can be attributed to oligonephronic hypoplasia,<sup>4</sup>the proportion being considerably lower in adults because the mortality of oligonephronic hypoplasia lies principally in childhood and because other causes of renal failure increase
Hospitalization rates and costs of care of patients with sickle‐cell anemia in the state of Maryland in the era of hydroxyurea
Authors: Sophie Lanzkron, Carlton Haywood, Jodi B. Segal, George J. Dover
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2006)

Abstract The multicenter study of hydroxyurea (MSH) in sickle‐cell anemia (SCA) demonstrated that patients treated with hydroxyurea (HU) had a 44% decrease in hospitalizations when compared with those taking placebo. A subsequent study looking at the cost‐effectiveness of HU showed that decreased hospitalizations for painful crisis accounted for the majority of cost savings in those taking HU. The purpose of this study was to examine whether the expected decrease in hospital utilization occurred after the approval of HU in Maryland. We used data collected by the Maryland Health Services Cost Review Commission to obtain SCA discharge data for Maryland from FY1995 through FY2003. We also reviewed the inpatient and outpatient charts of all adults with SCA admitted to a large university hospital during 2003. Hospitalization rates for adults with SCA in Maryland have increased significantly since approval of HU. While the total costs of inpatient care in Maryland are estimated to have increased by 31% above inflation from 1995 to 2003, the costs of inpatient care for adult SCA patients has increased by almost 60% above inflation. By comparison, there has been no significant increase in the pediatric hospitalization rate. We found that 70% of patients in one hospital who were appropriate candidates for HU were not taking the medication. Hospital utilization among adults with SCA has increased significantly. There are likely many factors that have played a role in this increase. One factor that appears to be involved is the underutilization of HU. Am. J. Hematol., 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Tortuous arguments evade the issue
Authors: K. Andrews
Journal: BMJ (1995)

cholesterol concentration and the progress of angiographic signs of atherosclerosis; most studies have found no association between serum lipid concentrations and restenosis after angioplasty; and no trial has found a systematic association between the degree of cholesterol lowering and outcome.Oliver and colleagues claim that angiographic trials have shown a decrease in cholesterol concentration to be associated with a lessening of atheromatous obstruction.To translate a microscopic widening or delay of angiographic stenosis to a lessening of atheromatosis, however, is premature, because early stages of atheromatosis are compen- sated for by an enlargement of the lumenal area,2 indicating that a widening may be due to both an increase and a decrease in atherosclerosis.That the effect was due to cholesterol lowering is also questionable because a dose-response relation was not found in these angiographic trials.3The Scandinavian simvastatin study is seem- ingly a good argument for cholesterol lowering, but simvastatin has other effects.At least two of them may be beneficial to cardiovascular disease independent of the cholesterol concentration.4Such effects may have operated in the Scandinavian study, because the outcome was independent of baseline lipid concentrations4 and, according to the preliminary data presented at meetings arranged by Merck Sharpe and Dohme in Sweden, there was no dose-response relation with either total or low density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration.Simvastatin may be of benefit in cardiovascular
Hormone Treatment of Breast Cancer
Authors: Albert Segaloff
Journal: JAMA (1975)

WHEN patients can be identified as having clinically recurrent and progressive breast cancer, our first choice of therapy generally should be hormonal in nature. Certain patients, ie, those whose only clinical metastatic disease involves the brain, should be treated primarily with whole-brain radiation therapy under the protection of high-dose corticosteroid administration, while patients with rapidly advancing and extensive pulmonary disease may be better candidates for multiple chemotherapeutic regimens that include corticosteroids as initial therapy. Although we hope that the determination of cytoplasmic estrogen receptors may be of assistance in recognizing hormonally responsive patients, neither the state of the art nor the availability of facilities is such at present that we can recommend this as a method for choosing hormonal therapy for patients. It appears, however, that the absence of cytoplasmic estrogen receptors in breast cancer may help to reject patients for hormonal manipulation.<sup>1</sup> <h3>Premenopausal Women</h3> It is generally agreed
Implicit learning of (boundedly) rational behaviour
Authors: Daniel John Zizzo
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2000)

Stanovich &amp; West's target article undervalues the power of implicit learning (particularly reinforcement learning). Implicit learning may allow the learning of more rational responses–and sometimes even generalisation of knowledge–in contexts where explicit, abstract knowledge proves only of limited value, such as for economic decision-making. Four other comments are made.
RELATION OF RECRUITING TO PREVENTIVE MEDICINE
Authors: W. H. RENNIE
Journal: JAMA (1910)

That old and trite saying that "the efficiency of an army or navy depends on the soundness of the health of the individuals composing it," was equally true in the past as in the present, when the study of preventive medicine is so much to the fore. To-day there is a deeper appreciation of the reality of this fact, and consequently the work of recruiting has assumed the serious rôle to which it is ertitled. "Since the most important factor in the efficiency of an army is its health, it follows that everything which may influence this in any way for the better or worse should be looked after with the utmost care. The men who compose an army are drawn from civil life, in which each individual has, to a greater or lesser extent, independent control of his time, choice of occupation, selection of food and dwelling-place, and
Adjunctive thrombolytic therapy for angioplasty in ischemic rest angina: Results of a double-blind randomized pilot study
Authors: John A. Ambrose, Sabino R. Torre, Samin K. Sharma, Douglas H. Israel, Craig E. Monsen, Melvin Weiss, William Untereker, Andrew Grunwald, Jeffrey Moses, James Marshall, Do Paul Bunnell, John Sobolski
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1992)
Mutation in the TCRα subunit constant gene (TRAC) leads to a human immunodeficiency disorder characterized by a lack of TCRαβ+ T cells
Authors: Neil V. Morgan, Sarah Goddard, Tony S. Cardno, David McDonald, Fatimah Rahman, Dawn Barge, Andrew Ciupek, Anna Straatman-Iwanowska, Shanaz Pasha, Mary Guckian, Graham Anderson, Aarnoud Huissoon, Andrew Cant, Warren P. Tate, Sophie Hambleton, Eamonn R. Maher
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2011)

Inherited immunodeficiency disorders can be caused by mutations in any one of a large number of genes involved in the function of immune cells. Here, we describe two families with an autosomal recessive inherited immunodeficiency disorder characterized by increased susceptibility to infection and autoimmunity. Genetic linkage studies mapped the disorder to chromosomal region 14q11.2, and a homozygous guanine-to-adenine substitution was identified at the last base of exon 3 immediately following the translational termination codon in the TCRα subunit constant gene (TRAC). RT-PCR analysis in the two affected individuals revealed impaired splicing of the mRNA, as exon 3 was lost from the TRAC transcript. The mutant TCRα chain protein was predicted to lack part of the connecting peptide domain and all of the transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains, which have a critical role in the regulation of the assembly and/or intracellular transport of TCR complexes. We found that T cells from affected individuals were profoundly impaired for surface expression of the TCRαβ complex. We believe this to be the first report of a disease-causing human TRAC mutation. Although the absence of TCRαβ+ T cells in the affected individuals was associated with immune dysregulation and autoimmunity, they had a surprising level of protection against infection.
Supraphysiologic L-tryptophan elicits cytoskeletal and macromolecular permeability alterations in hamster small intestinal epithelium in vitro.
Authors: J L Madara, S Carlson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1991)

We have previously shown that Na(+)-coupled transport of glucose and amino acids across the apical membrane of intestinal absorptive cells is accompanied by alterations in cytoskeletal structure and altered sieving of small hydrophilic solutes by tight junctions. Here we report that in response to the essential amino acid L-tryptophan at lumenal concentrations likely to be supraphysiological (1 mM or greater), these responses are so exaggerated as to induce disruption of tight junctions and transepithelial macromolecular leaks. Since these effects of L-tryptophan are energy and Na+ dependent and occur with mucosal but not serosal exposure to L-tryptophan, it appears they are triggered by activation of a Na(+)-nutrient cotransporter in the apical membrane of absorptive cells rather than by the presence of an unidentified trace contaminant. Our findings suggest the possibility that dietary supplementation by L-tryptophan may result in loss of the intestinal epithelial barrier to dietary antigens. We speculate that such a response to supraphysiologic tryptophan may contribute, in part, to the recently recognized curious tryptophan-induced eosinophilia myalgia syndrome.
Flesh Wounds: The Culture of Cosmetic Surgery
Authors: D. Sullivan
Journal: JAMA (2004)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Imaging of an Actively Bleeding Aortoduodenal Fistula
Authors: MOHAN MAKHIJA, SIDNEY SCHULTZ
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1985)

Diagnosis of gastrointestinal bleeding remains a difficult problem. Radionuclides have been used widely to detect active Gl bleeding. A case of actively bleeding aortoduodenal fistula detected on radionuclide imaging is presented.
Aneurysmal Bone Cyst of Vertebra with Compression Symptoms
Authors: Arthur Winter
Journal: JAMA (1961)

A 14-YEAR-OLD boy was admitted to the East Orange General Hospital, Oct. 18, 1960, for pain in the back and right leg. There was a 2-months' history of back pain, and 2 weeks prior to admission pain had developed along the outer aspect of the right leg. The symptoms were made worse by moving and bending. There was pain on percussion over the spinous processes of L-1 and L-2. Decreased sensation to pinprick was present over L-3 dermatome on the right, with paravertebral guarding, pain on flexion of trunk, and decreased right knee jerk. X-rays of the lumbar area revealed erosion of the right pedicle, lamina, and transverse process at the level of L-1. A lumbar myelogram was performed, Oct. 28, 1960. Manometry gave no evidence of obstruction, pressure was normal, there were no cells, protein level was 24 mg.%, and sugar content was 55 mg.%. Fluoroscopy and x-rays demonstrated
Countertransference in Focal Psychotherapy
Authors: Howard Klar, Allen Frances
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1984)

The authors discuss the role and development of countertransference in brief psychotherapy. Factors inherent to the goals, setting and techniques of brief therapy appear to undercut the development of a regressive countertransference. The countertransference phenomena that seem to be more prevalent in brief treatment are those stemming from the reality-based response of the therapist to the patient. The impact of these factors on patient selection and treatment outcome in brief therapy are discussed.
Cardiac Inotropic and Coronary Vascular Responses to Countershock
Authors: FREDERICK R. COBB, ANDREW G. WALLACE, GALEN S. WAGNER
Journal: Circulation Research (1968)

These experiments were designed to examine the role of excitation of intracardiac nerves in the response to countershock with either alternating current (ac) or direct current (dc). Studies were performed on intact anesthetized dogs and on isolated perfused hearts. In intact dogs a-c and d-c countershock produced transient sinus arrest and an increase in myocardial contractile force. Sinus arrest could be prevented with atropine, and the positive inotropic response could be prevented with propranolol or prior surgical denervation of the heart. In isolated hearts, a-c and d-c countershock produced sinus arrest which could be prevented with atropine or hemicholinium-3. Alternating-, but not direct-, current countershock increased contractile force of the isolated heart. The inotropic response to ac could be blocked with propranolol and was absent in hearts removed from dogs which had undergone prior cardiac denervation. Both a-c and d-c countershock produced a decrease in coronary vascular resistance which could be prevented with atropine. Cholinergic responses to countershock persisted after surgical denervation of the heart. These observations provide evidence for excitation of intracardiac cholinergic and adrenergic nerves by countershock. Direct-current countershock excites cardiac sympathetic nerves in intact dogs, but not in isolated hearts. Intracardiac cholinergic nerves persist after surgical denervation of the heart.
DANGEROUS DRUG REACTIONS
Authors: Armand J. Quick
Journal: JAMA (1934)

To the Editor:—  Too little emphasis has been given to the possibility that a drug may have, besides its direct action, an indirect or latent and potential effect. Thus, cinchophen appears to cause liver injury only in sensitive individuals, in contradistinction to hydrazine, which produces liver damage in all subjects. The recent work of Watkins ( Proc. Staff Meet., Mayo Clin.  8: 713 [Nov. 22] 1933) and of Madison and Squier (The Journal, March 10, p. 755) indicates quite definitely that compounds such as amidopyrine and various barbituric acid derivatives can cause granulocytopenia; but unlike the action of benzene, which consistently attacks bone marrow, the condition is produced in only a small percentage of cases. There has been a growing tendency to look on this latent toxic action of drugs as allergic. In a recent article ( Am. J. M. Sc.  187: 155 [Jan.] 1934) I proposed the theory that drugs which
Medical staffing: Report says anomalies will undermine move towards high quality NHS
Authors: M. Gould
Journal: BMJ (2002)

The government's pledge to achieve a high quality, consultant led NHS will not be realised unless major anomalies in the grading structure of hospital doctors and the lack of recognised training posts for doctors below consultant level are tackled, says the Audit Commission.

In a report shown to the BMJ , the Audit …
HEALTH OF THE SELF-SUPPORTING COLLEGE STUDENT
Authors: R. W. BRADSHAW
Journal: JAMA (1928)

The college health service offers peculiar opportunities for the effective practice of preventive medicine. The health of a particular student group may be found to differ markedly from that of another group. A study of the environment and activities of the group will often bring to light the factors which contribute to the excessive illness of the group. At Oberlin the health of the self-supporting student seemed to warrant investigation.  The desire for a college education is not confined to the class who can easily afford this luxury. Many young men and women throughout the country in families in which there can be no place in the budget for the several thousand dollars required for collegiate training are willing and anxious to undertake the task of earning their way through four years of college.  A small percentage of these ambitious students with what they earn in work in the college
Role of platelets on liver regeneration after 90% hepatectomy in mice
Authors: Andriy Myronovych, Soichiro Murata, Mitsuru Chiba, Ryota Matsuo, Osamu Ikeda, Motonobu Watanabe, Katsuji Hisakura, Yoritaka Nakano, Keisuke Kohno, Takuya Kawasaki, Ikuka Hashimoto, Yuki Shibasaki, Hiroshi Yasue, Nobuhiro Ohkohchi
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2008)
TCT-9 Spontaneous Coronary Artery Dissection: Association with Predisposing Arteriopathies and Precipitating Stressors, and Cardiovascular Outcomes
Authors: Jacqueline Saw, Eve Aymong, Tara Sedlak, Andrew Starovoytov, Donald Ricci, Simon Robinson, Johannes Vuurmans, Min Gao, Karin Humphries, G. B. John Mancini
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)