tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Psychiatrist and Family Planning
Authors: EUGENE B. BRODY
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1973)

The American Psychiatric Association recently appointed a Task Force on Psychiatric Involvement in Family Planning. Major fertility-related decisions may be sexual, contraceptive, abortion-seeking, or procreative. Psychiatrists have a responsibility to be professionally concerned with the psychosocial determinates and consequences of family planning. They may counsel individuals or agencies concerned with family planning, sex education, and other fertility-related matters and also may function as behavioral scientists, as in research on the psychological social, and cultural determinants of fertility-choice behavior. Physicans, including psychiatrists, require information and guidance to reduce indifference and to enhance the idea that family planning should become part of general health care.
Series Introduction: Emerging clinical applications of nucleic acids
Authors: Bruce A. Sullenger
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2000)

Nucleic acid therapeuticsAttempts to employ nucleic acids in gene therapy have become commonplace in recent years, but efficient gene transfer methods have proved unexpectedly difficult to devise, and safety concerns linger.At the same time, however, the study of nucleic acids has revealed remarkable properties of DNA and RNA molecules that could make them attractive therapeutic agents, independent of their well-known ability to encode biologically active proteins.Now would seem to be a good time to consider alternative uses of nucleic acids that do not rely on virus-based vectors or even on gene transfer.Accordingly, the strategies explored in this Perspective series exploit a number of different facets of RNA and DNA biochemistry.Certain nucleic acid molecules can bind to and inhibit the function of target proteins, while others provide a source of tumor antigens, and still others can perform catalysis.Recently, therapies that employ nucleic acids in some of these novel ways have passed the stage of in vitro and animal tests and have begun to be evaluated in clinical trials for treating a variety of disorders.This Perspective series offers an update on the progress in this field.
Assessment of Colorectal Lesions Using Magnifying Colonoscopy and Mucosal Dye Spraying: Can Significant Lesions Be Distinguished?
Authors: S. Kato, T. Fujii, I. Koba, Y. Sano, K. Fu, A. Parra-Blanco, H. Tajiri, S. Yoshida, B. Rembacken
Journal: Endoscopy (2001)

Background and Study Aims: Assessing the nature of lesions at the time of colonoscopy is important, and magnifying colonoscopy allows examination of mucosal crypt patterns. In this study, we assessed mucosal crypt patterns to see whether we could predict the histological findings.
Making Sense of Clinical Trial Data: Is Inverse Probability of Censoring Weighted Analysis the Answer to Crossover Bias?
Authors: Mothaffar Rimawi, Susan G. Hilsenbeck
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2012)

Ideally, therapeutic interventions are evaluated through randomized clinical trials. These trials are commonly analyzed with an intent-to-treat (ITT) approach, whereby patients are analyzed in their assigned treatment group regardless of actual treatment received. If an interim analysis of such trials demonstrates compelling evidence of a difference in benefit, ethical considerations often dictate that the trial be unblinded and participants be provided access to the more efficacious agent. Because interim analysis may not address longer-term outcomes of interest, important clinical questions such as overall survival benefit-the ultimate test of efficacy to many-may remain unanswered. The ensuing crossover disturbs randomization and may lead to biased longer-term analysis, compromising the utility of clinical data. This has been especially apparent in recent adjuvant and prevention breast cancer trials. We consider four such trials: HERA (Herceptin Adjuvant), NSABP P-1 (National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project Breast Cancer Prevention P-1), MA.17, and BIG 1-98 (Breast International Group 1-98), the long-term outcomes of which were complicated by unblinding and selective crossover. We also discuss the biases associated with ITT analysis and, alternatively, censoring of follow-up data (ie, dropping out) after selective crossover. Moreover, we discuss how the statistical procedure of inverse probability of censoring weighted (IPCW) analysis may be used to account for selective crossover as an alternative to ITT or censoring analysis, as was recently done for the BIG 1-98 trial. Notably, IPCW analysis may be particularly suited for detecting overall survival benefits that otherwise would not be detected with an ITT approach, as reported for the BIG 1-98 trial.
Diphenylhydantoin and early diabetes
Authors: S. Vaisrub
Journal: JAMA (1973)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Phosphatidic acid stimulates inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate production in adult cardiac myocytes.
Authors: T Kurz, R A Wolf, P B Corr
Journal: Circulation Research (1993)

The cellular content of phosphatidic acid can increase in response to several agonists either by phosphorylation of diacylglycerol after phospholipase C-catalyzed hydrolysis of phospholipids or directly through activation of phospholipase D. Although previous findings indicated that the generation of phosphatidic acid was exclusively a means of regulation of the cellular concentration of diacylglycerol, more recent studies have indicated that phosphatidic acid may also directly regulate several cellular functions. Accordingly, the present study was performed to assess whether phosphatidic acid could stimulate cardiac phospholipase C in intact adult rabbit ventricular myocytes. The mass of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate [Ins (1,4,5)P3] was determined by a specific and sensitive binding protein assay and by direct mass measurement using anion exchange chromatography for separation of selected inositol phosphates and gas chromatography and mass spectrometry for quantification of inositol monophosphate (IP1), inositol bisphosphate (IP2), inositol trisphosphate (IP3), and inositol tetrakisphosphate (IP4). Phosphatidic acid (10(-9)-10(-6) M) elicited a rapid concentration-dependent increase in Ins (1,4,5)P3 accumulation, with the peak fourfold to fivefold increase at 30 seconds of stimulation; the concentration required for 50% of maximal stimulation was 4.4 x 10(-8) M. The time course of individual inositol phosphates indicated a successive increase in the mass of IP3, IP4, IP2, and IP1 in response to stimulation with phosphatidic acid. The production of Ins (1,4,5)P3 in response to phosphatidic acid was not altered in the absence of extracellular calcium or in the presence of extracellular EGTA (10(-3) M). Thus, these findings indicate that phosphatidic acid is a potent activator of inositol phosphate production in adult ventricular myocytes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Physician Gender Effects in Medical Communication
Authors: Debra L. Roter, Judith A. Hall, Yutaka Aoki
Journal: JAMA (2002)

Context Physician gender has been viewed as a possible source of variation in the interpersonal aspects of medical practice, with speculation that female physicians facilitate more open and equal exchange and a different therapeutic milieu from that of male physicians.However, studies in this area are generally based on small samples, with conflicting results. ObjectiveTo systematically review and quantify the effect of physician gender on communication during medical visits.Data Sources Online database searches of English-language abstracts for the years 1967 to 2001 (MEDLINE, AIDSLINE, PsycINFO, and Bioethics); a hand search was conducted of reprint files and the reference sections of review articles and other publications. Study SelectionStudies using a communication data source, such as audiotape, videotape, or direct observation, and large national or regional studies in which physician report was used to establish length of visit, were identified through bibliographic and computerized searches.Twenty-three observational studies and 3 large physician-report studies reported in 29 publications met inclusion criteria and were rated. Data ExtractionThe Cohen d was computed based on 2 reviewers' ( J.A.H. and Y.A.) independent extraction of quantitative information from the publications.Study heterogeneity was tested using Q statistics and pooled effect sizes were computed using the appropriate effects model.The characteristics of the study populations were also extracted.Data Synthesis Female physicians engage in significantly more active partnership behaviors, positive talk, psychosocial counseling, psychosocial question asking, and emotionally focused talk.There were no gender differences evident in the amount, quality, or manner of biomedical information giving or social conversation.Medical visits with female physicians are, on average, 2 minutes (10%) longer than those with male physicians.Obstetrics and gynecology may present a different pattern than that of primary care, with male physicians demonstrating higher levels of emotionally focused talk than their female colleagues.Conclusions Female primary care physicians engage in more communication that can be considered patient centered and have longer visits than their male colleagues.Limited studies exist outside of primary care, and gender-related practice patterns in some subspecialties may differ from those evident in primary care.
Ischemia/reperfusion accelerates the outgrowth of hepatic micrometastases in a highly standardized murine model
Authors: Jarmila D. W. van der Bilt, Onno Kranenburg, Maarten W. Nijkamp, Niels Smakman, Liesbeth M. Veenendaal, Elisabeth A. te Velde, Emile E. Voest, Paul J. van Diest, Inne H. M. Borel Rinkes
Journal: Hepatology (2005)

Abstract Mortality in colorectal cancer is associated with the development of liver metastases. Surgical removal of these tumors is the only hope for cure, but recurrence is common. During liver surgery, ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) often occurs as a result of hemorrhage or vascular clamping. Although the adverse effects of I/R on postoperative liver function are well documented, the influence of I/R on the outgrowth of residual micrometastases is unknown. We used a highly standardized mouse model of partial hepatic I/R to study the effects of I/R on the outgrowth of preestablished colorectal micrometastases. Five days following intrasplenic injection of C26 colon carcinoma cells, the vascular structures of the left lobe were clamped for 45 minutes under hemodynamically stable conditions. Tissue glutathione, plasma liver enzymes, hepatocellular necrosis, and tumor growth were assessed over time. I/R caused oxidative stress and early liver tissue damage. The outgrowth of micrometastases in occluded liver lobes was accelerated five- to sixfold compared with nonoccluded lobes and was associated with areas of necrotic liver tissue surrounded by inflammatory cells and apoptotic hepatocytes. Accelerated tumor growth and tissue necrosis were completely prevented by occluding blood flow intermittently. In contrast, ischemic preconditioning or treatment with the antioxidants α-tocopherol or ascorbic acid failed to protect against late tissue necrosis and tumor growth, although early hepatocellular damage was largely prevented by these methods. In conclusion , I/R is a strong stimulus of recurrent intrahepatic tumor growth. Measures to prevent I/R-induced late tissue necrosis cross-protect against this phenomenon. (Hepatology 2005;42:165–175.)
Microsurgery for Stroke
Authors: JOSE L. Salazar, Oscar Sugar
Journal: JAMA (1978)

This title hides a description of operations designed to increase the blood supply to the brain when it has been impaired by a lesion not accessible to more conventional vascular surgery in the neck. These operations include anastomosis of a branch of the superficial temporal artery to a branch of the middle cerebral artery and, with increasing frequency, anastomosis of the occipital artery to the posteroinferior cerebellar artery. When these procedures were ten years old, in 1976, the third international symposium dealing with microsurgical anastomoses was held in Rottach-Egern, West Germany. The current text represents the effort of an international panel to review problems of cerebral ischemia from historical, experimental, and clinical viewpoints. As with revascularization of the coronary arteries, there is much discussion of the basic pathology, technique, indications for operation, and results of follow-up. The text illustrates well the combined use of regional cerebral blood flow measurements and
Motor neurone disease: a demeaning illness.
Authors: R Carus
Journal: BMJ (1980)

I wish with all my heart and soul that I had not written this paper; for then I should still be where I spent five years' training to be, and where I planned to spend these years of my life, at work as a civil engineer, looking forward to coming home and playing football with my son. It would also mean, of course, that I would not have had to endure this agonising and devasta ting illness, motor neurone disease.
Post-vaccination CTLA-4 expression correlates inversely with survival in patients vaccinated with allogeneic melanoma cell vaccine
Authors: M. B. Faries, E. C. Hsueh, S. Shu, E. Famatiga, D. L. Morton
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2004)

2565 Background: Immunologic endpoints are often utilized in cancer vaccine trials as surrogates to clinical outcomes. However validation of these endpoints, particularly in adjuvant vaccine trials, is not yet thoroughly explored. Signaling through CTLA-4 has been associated with a diminished T cell response, and this cell surface molecule is now a target in some melanoma immunotherapy trials. We examined CTLA-4 expression in T cells upon stimulation with autologous tumor before and after vaccination with an allogeneic melanoma cell vaccine. Methods: T cells isolated from cryopreserved PBMC were co-cultured with autologous melanoma cells (isolated from surgically resected metastases) for 3 days. After culture, cells were harvested and stained with fluorochrome labeled antibodies for CD3 and CTLA-4. The percentage of T cells expressing CTLA-4 was determined using flow cytometry. Survival of patients expressing CTLA-4 in greater than 1% of T cells was compared to those with less than 1% before and after vaccination. Results: Lymphocytes from 15 patients were examined. Median overall survival for the group was 42.6 months. Mean percent of T cells expressing CTLA-4 was 1.01% prior to vaccination and 0.78% 2–3 months post-vaccination (p=0.11). Survival did not correlate significantly with CTLA-4 expression by pre-vaccination T cells (p=0.51), but there was a strong correlation with post-vaccination T cell CTLA-4 expression (Wilcoxon p=0.04).Median survival for patients with CTLA-4 >1%post-vaccination was 15.9 months, while median survival for those <1% was 74 months. Conclusions: In patients undergoing vaccine therapy for melanoma, relatively high levels of CTLA-4 expressing T cells after stimulation with autologous tumor correlates with decreased overall survival. This measurement may be a prognostically important immunologic surrogate measure in adjuvant vaccine trials. It also suggests that there may be a clinical benefit to CTLA-4 blockade in conjunction with melanoma immunotherapy. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Cancervax Corp. Cancervax Corp. Cancervax Corp.
Comment on Knowler et al. Preventing Diabetes in American Indian Communities. Diabetes Care 2013;36:1820–1822
Authors: Luohua Jiang, Spero M. Manson, Janette Beals, William G. Henderson, Haixiao Huang, Kelly J. Acton, Yvette Roubideaux
Journal: Diabetes Care (2014)

Knowler and Ackermann (1) provided a commentary regarding our article reporting the Special Diabetes Program for Indians Diabetes Prevention (SDPI-DP) demonstration project (2). We deeply appreciate the efforts of the editorial staff in recruiting such a knowledgeable group of diabetes prevention experts to comment on this article. We are especially grateful to the authors for underscoring the contribution that the Indian Health Service has made, which includes the SDPI-DP, to lessen the daunting diabetes disparities that face American Indian and Alaska Natives.

The commentary correctly pointed out difficulties in quantifying the benefits of the intervention among SDPI-DP participants absent a control group. However, as we sought to communicate, the primary purpose of the SDPI-DP was to …
Postpartum haemolytic-uraemic syndrome successfully treated with antithrombin III.
Authors: P Brandt, J Jespersen, G Gregersen
Journal: BMJ (1980)

Postpartum haemolytic-uraemic syndrome successfully treated with antithrombin III Since first described in 1966 the acute postpartum haemolyticuraemic syndrome (HUS) has been reported in over 40 cases by various authors.'In view of the poor prognosis despite treatment with dialysis, immunosuppression and heparin, streptokinase, dipyridamol, acetylsalicylic acid, or corticosteroids, alone or combined, we report a case in which treatment with a concentrate of antithrombin III (AT-III) appeared to cure the haemolytic anaemia and the thrombo- cytopenia rapidly, normalise kidney function within a few days, and prevent irreversible kidney damage. Case reportA 34-year-old primipara was admitted to hospital in the eighth month of pregnancy because of a slightly raised blood pressure (150/100 mm Hg) and
Cell-mediated Immunity in Legionnaires' Disease
Authors: Marcus A. Horwitz
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1983)

Previous studies from this laboratory have suggested a role for cell-mediated immunity in host defense against Legionella pneumophila. In this paper, cell-mediated immunity to L. pneumophila in patients recovered from Legionnaires' disease was studied by examining patient mononuclear cell responses to L. pneumophila antigens. Patient mononuclear cells were assayed both for their capacity to respond to L. pneumophila antigens with the production of cytokines that activate monocytes, as measured by monocyte inhibition of L. pneumophila multiplication, and for their capacity to respond with proliferation, as measured by [3H]thymidine incorporation.
Mapping the X-Chromosome
Authors: Daniel D. Federman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1987)

Of all life's inequalities, the contrast between the X and Y chromosomes is one of the most fundamental and certainly one of the most intriguing. The X is large — about 6 percent of the genomic DNA; the Y is less than half that size. The X has over 100 distinct genetic disorders linked to it; there is no proved Y-linked disorder. X-linked traits have been extensively conserved through evolution; the Y is a relative newcomer1 and seems to carry little functional information beyond testicular differentiation, linear growth, and the prevention of some congenital anomalies. Although the paucity of Y-linked . . .
Increased Serum Levels of Squalene in Patients with Acute Influenza
Authors: John I. Gallin, William M. O'Leary, Donald Kaye
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1970)

Nine patients with acute influenza (Hong Kong strain) had increased concentrations in serum of a lipoidal material with physical, Chromatographic and infrared characteristics identical with squalene. Convalescent-phase serum specimens from these nine patients and all specimens from 45 patients with acute febrile illnesses other than influenza showed no elevations of this material.
Prostate Cancer Experts Debate Screening, Treatment At Workshop
Authors: T. Reynolds
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1993)

Journal Article Prostate Cancer Experts Debate Screening, Treatment At Workshop Get access Tom Reynolds Tom Reynolds Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 85, Issue 14, 21 July 1993, Pages 1104–1106, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/85.14.1104 Published: 21 July 1993
Expression profiling in liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) using a large scale real time RT-PCR approach
Authors: Valerie Paradis, Ivan Bieche, Delphine Dargere, Ingrid Laurendeau, Franck Bonvoust, Martine Olivi, Juliette Nectoux, Jacques Belghiti, Claude Degott, Michel Vidaud, Pierre Bedossa
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2002)
False-Positive Results Obtained with Stress Myocardial SPECT in Patients with Right Bundle Branch Block
Authors: N. Ö. KÜÇÜK, PELIN ARICAN, E. İBIŞ, G. ARAS, B. BERKALP, D. ORAL, K. M. KIR
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2000)

Purpose Right bundle branch block (RBBB) is a conduction defect that often is accompanied by nonspecific patient symptoms. The objective of this study was to evaluate the false-positive results obtained with Tl-201 myocardial SPECT in patients with RBBB. Methods Thirty-one patients (24 men, 7 women; age range, 35 to 78 years; mean age, 39 ± 14 years) had nonspecific chest pain and electrocardiograph-proved RBBB, normal results of echography, and normal results of coronary angiography. None of them had a previous history or evidence of myocardial infarction. All patients underwent stress–rest Tl-201 myocardial SPECT; 24 had normal images but 7 showed hypoperfusion in the inferolateral segments, both visually and quantitatively. Results Tl-201 myocardial perfusion scintigraphs must be evaluated carefully in RBBB because false-positive results are likely to occur as a result of functional changes produced by dissynchronous activation between the ventricles.
‘Life Begins' for Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging—Research Group Has 40th Birthday
Authors: Phil Gunby
Journal: JAMA (1998)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal