tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
NOV-002, a chemoprotectant/immunomodulator, added to first-line carboplatin/paclitaxel in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC): A randomized Phase 1/2, open-label, controlled study
Authors: C. J. Pazoles, H. Gerstein
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2006)

17021 Background: NOV-002 is a proprietary formulation of oxidized glutathione that modulates production of cytokines and hematopoietic growth factors. A randomized, multi-site advanced NSCLC trial conducted in the Russian Federation showed a one-year survival rate of 63% with NOV-002 + cytotoxic chemotherapy compared to 17% with cytotoxic chemotherapy alone. Methods: Forty-four chemotherapy-naïve, Stage IIIB/IV NSCLC patients (ECOG 0–2, stratified by disease stage) were randomized to one of three groups for six months of treatment: Groups A and B: NOV-002 in combination with carboplatin and paclitaxel (C+P). For each nominal 21-day chemotherapy cycle, these groups received 60 mg of NOV-002 i.v. daily for the first 4 days, then 60 mg i.m. (A) or s.c. (B) weekdays for the next 17 days. Group C: C+P alone. Initial doses of C and P in all three groups were 225 mg/m 2 and AUC 6, respectively. Initiation of repeat C+P cycles required an absence of hematologic and other toxicities in excess of pre-defined values. Primary study endpoints included tumor response (scans performed at baseline and then every two months) and safety. Results: An intent-to-treat analysis of the best overall objective tumor response (WHO criteria), showed that 11 out of 16 (69%) Group B patients demonstrated greater than 50% tumor shrinkage versus 5 out of 15 (33%) in the control group (C) (p = 0.044, logistic regression stratified on disease stage). Six out of 13 (46%) patients in Group A demonstrated an objective response. 100% of NOV-002 treated patients in Group B and 85% in Group A were able to complete four cycles of C+P compared to 50% of control patients (Group C) (p = 0.004, chi square). NOV-002 was well-tolerated in this patient population. Conclusions: These data continue to suggest increased efficacy of NOV-002 plus cytotoxic chemotherapy compared to chemotherapy alone in advanced NSCLC. [Table: see text]
Visceral fat in non-to-moderate and severe obstructive sleep apnoea
Authors: Yuka Harada, Toru Oga, Kimihiko Murase, Yoshiro Toyama, Kensaku Aihara, Yuichi Chihara, Chikara Yoshimura, Takefumi Hitomi, Tomohiro Handa, Tomomasa Tsuboi, Michiaki Mishima, Kazuo Chin
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Introduction:  Visceral obesity and obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA), especially apnoea-hypopnoea index (AHI)≥30, are said to induce cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and mortality.   Aims and objectives:  We hypothesized that there were significant differences in visceral fat area (VFA) and other factors between severe and non-to-moderate OSA and findings could provide information leading to reduce CVD in OSA.   Methods:  We compared age and body mass index (BMI) matched non-to-moderate and severe OSA in the 239 male subjects hospitalized for examination of OSA. We analyzed the relationships between fat areas by computed tomography, comorbidity, polysomnographic data, arterial and venous blood data.   Results:  Of the 239, 52, 67 and 94 had mild, moderate and severe OSA. We compared all the 94 severe OSA with 85 of the 145 non-to-moderate OSA matched with age and BMI. While waist circumference was the same, severe OSA had a significantly larger VFA. Between the 2 groups, arterial oxygen partial pressure (PaO 2 ), HbA1c and fibrinogen differed significantly. Multivariate modeling of those determinants revealed that both VFA and AHI independently determined PaO 2  (contribution rate (R 2 )=6.5% and 6.7%) and fibrinogen (R 2 =7.5% and 4.4%), while HbA1c associated independently with AHI (R 2 =3.7%), not VFA.   Conclusions:  Severe OSA had a significantly larger VFA, lower PaO 2 , higher HbA1c and fibrinogen than non-to-moderate OSA. Larger VFA in severe OSA suspect that VFA increase would be a key factor related to body composition in OSA becoming severe. PaO 2 , HbA1c and fibrinogen were independently predicted by VFA and AHI. Thus, control of OSA would decrease VFA, and in turn, a decrease in VFA and OSA might improve HbA1c and fibrinogen.
Candidate gene association study of chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder using a targeted high throughput sequencing approach
Authors: Joakim Klar, Hans Matsson, Cecilia Söderhäll, Helena Backman, Anne Lindberg, Eva Rönmark, Bo Lundbäck, Niklas Dahl
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Background:  Genetic studies in humans and in animal models suggest that genes associated with lung developmental processes are also implicated in the development of COPD.   Aim:  We aim to investigating candidate genes, with emphasis on genes important for lung development, for genetic variants predisposing to the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) using targeted enrichment in a cohort of COPD patients.   Methods:  Twelve patients with heterozygous loss of function mutations in a lung developmental gene, the fibroblast growth factor 10 ( FGF10),  was investigated for pulmonary functions and COPD was classified according to the ATS/ERS 2005 standard. To identify novel variants associated with COPD, we are currently conducting a candidate gene association approach using targeted enrichment (HaloPlex; Halo Genomics) and high throughput sequencing (Illumina) using patients and controls retrieved from the Swedish Obstructive Lung Disease in Norrbotten (OLIN) sample set. This strategy allows for the detection of all genetic variants in the enriched sequence, without the limitations when investigating known variants using SNP arrays.   Results:  Patients carrying mutations in  FGF10  show a significant decrease in lung function parameters consistent with COPD. Based on these results, we are currently investigating in total 200 kb enriched sequence, including 22 genes implicated in lung development and 71 genes or regions previously associated to COPD.   Conclusion:  These findings support the idea that genetic variants affecting lung developmental genes are important determinants of adult lung function that may ultimately contribute to COPD.
Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring
Authors: R R Townsend, V Ford
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (1996)

The number of patients undergoing ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) and the number of publications using this technique to evaluate the risks and effects of high blood pressure on target organs has been increasing, and dramatically so, in the last 5 years. Much of this growth has centered on the role of the blood pressure load (the percentage of systolic or diastolic readings above a preset value during a specific time period) and the changes in blood pressures levels that occur, with sleep. Although many studies are focused on the interaction between blood pressure (as assessed by ABPM) and the heart, interest is growing in the application of ABPM to the practice of nephrology. This paper discusses some of the technical aspects of ABPM, followed by a review of five areas of clinical research using ABPM, and which are relevant to renal medicine: microalbuminuria, renal function, renovascular hypertension, dialysis (hemodialysis and continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis), and transplantation. Despite a general lack of reimbursement for performance of the ABPM procedure, the growth in its usage and the willingness of clinicians to withhold or alter therapy on the basis of ABPM readings is testimony to its clinical value in the management of hypertension.
Effectiveness and Implications of Alternative Placebo Treatments
Authors: Raveendhara R. Bannuru, Timothy E. McAlindon, Matthew C. Sullivan, John B. Wong, David M. Kent, Christopher H. Schmid
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2015)

Background: Placebo controls are essential in evaluating the effectiveness of medical treatments. Although it is unclear whether different placebo interventions for osteoarthritis vary in efficacy, systematic differences would substantially affect interpretation of the results of placebo-controlled trials. Objective: To evaluate the effects of alternative placebo types on pain outcomes in knee osteoarthritis. Data Sources: MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and Cochrane Database from inception through 1 June 2015 and unpublished data. Study Selection: 149 randomized trials of adults with knee osteoarthritis that reported pain outcomes and compared widely used pharmaceuticals against oral, intra-articular, topical, and oral plus topical placebos. Data Extraction: Study data were independently double-extracted; study quality was assessed by using the Cochrane risk of bias tool. Data Synthesis: Placebo effects that were evaluated by using a network meta-analysis with 4 separate placebo nodes (differential model) showed that intra-articular placebo (effect size, 0.29 [95% credible interval, 0.09 to 0.49]) and topical placebo (effect size, 0.20 [credible interval, 0.02 to 0.38]) had significantly greater effect sizes than did oral placebo. This differential model showed marked differences in the relative efficacies and hierarchy of the active treatments compared with a network model that considered all placebos equivalent. In the model accounting for differential effects, intra-articular and topical therapies were superior to oral treatments in reducing pain. When these differential effects were ignored, oral nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs were superior. Limitations: Few studies compared different placebos directly. The study could not decisively conclude whether disease severity and co-interventions systematically differed between trials evaluating different placebos. Conclusion: All placebos are not equal, and some can trigger clinically relevant responses. Differential placebo effects can substantially alter estimates of the relative efficacies of active treatments, an important consideration for the design of clinical trials and interpretation of their results. Primary Funding Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality.
Chromosomal Variability in Clonal Populations of a Chinese Hamster Cell Strain
Authors: Alexander F. Zakharov, Eugenia S. Kakpakova, Natalia A. Egolina, Helen E. Pogosianz
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1964)

Journal Article Chromosomal Variability in Clonal Populations of a Chinese Hamster Cell Strain Get access Alexander F. Zakharov, Alexander F. Zakharov Laboratory of Cytogenetics, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Oncology, Academy of Medical Sciences of USSR, Moscow Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Eugenia S. Kakpakova, Eugenia S. Kakpakova Laboratory of Cytogenetics, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Oncology, Academy of Medical Sciences of USSR, Moscow Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Natalia A. Egolina, Natalia A. Egolina Laboratory of Cytogenetics, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Oncology, Academy of Medical Sciences of USSR, Moscow Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Helen E. Pogosianz Helen E. Pogosianz Laboratory of Cytogenetics, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Oncology, Academy of Medical Sciences of USSR, Moscow Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 33, Issue 6, December 1964, Pages 935–956, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/33.6.935 Published: 01 December 1964 Article history Received: 04 May 1964 Published: 01 December 1964
Aspirin Intolerance and Recurrent urticaria in Normal Adults and Children
Authors: Russell A. Settipane, Herbert P. Constattine, Guy A. Settipane
Journal: Allergy (1980)

The frequency of aspirin intolerance by history in 2,592 normal individuals was 0.3%. Although the frequency of aspirin intolerance was similar in adults and children, the bronchospastic type predominated in adults, and only the urticarial regardless of etiology, was significantly greater in adults than in children. The frequency of recurrent urticaria, regardless of etiology, was significantly greater in adults than in children (3.8% vs. 0.3, P &lt;0.001). In adults the frequency of aspirin intolerance was over 20 times greater in individuals with recurrent urticaria than in normal individuals (6.5% vs. 0.3%, P &lt;0.001).
Single- and multistep selection study of the antipneumococcal activity of BMS-284756 compared to ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, trovafloxacin and moxifloxacin
Authors: C.L. Clark, K. Nagai, T.A. Davies, B. Bozdogan, B. Dewasse, M.R. Jacobs, P.C. Appelbaum
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2002)
Blocking neutrophil integrin activation prevents ischemia–reperfusion injury
Authors: Tadayuki Yago, Brian G. Petrich, Nan Zhang, Zhenghui Liu, Bojing Shao, Mark H. Ginsberg, Rodger P. McEver
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2015)

Neutrophil recruitment, mediated by β2 integrins, combats pyogenic infections but also plays a key role in ischemia–reperfusion injury and other inflammatory disorders. Talin induces allosteric rearrangements in integrins that increase affinity for ligands (activation). Talin also links integrins to actin and other proteins that enable formation of adhesions. Structural studies have identified a talin1 mutant (L325R) that perturbs activation without impairing talin’s capacity to link integrins to actin and other proteins. Here, we found that mice engineered to express only talin1(L325R) in myeloid cells were protected from renal ischemia–reperfusion injury. Dissection of neutrophil function in vitro and in vivo revealed that talin1(L325R) neutrophils had markedly impaired chemokine-induced, β2 integrin–mediated arrest, spreading, and migration. Surprisingly, talin1(L325R) neutrophils exhibited normal selectin-induced, β2 integrin–mediated slow rolling, in sharp contrast to the defective slow rolling of neutrophils lacking talin1 or expressing a talin1 mutant (W359A) that blocks talin interaction with integrins. These studies reveal the importance of talin-mediated activation of integrins for renal ischemia–reperfusion injury. They further show that neutrophil arrest requires talin recruitment to and activation of integrins. However, although neutrophil slow rolling requires talin recruitment to integrins, talin-mediated integrin activation is dispensable.
Methodological Challenges in Solving Geographic Disparity in Liver Allocation
Authors: Daniela P. Ladner, Sanjay Mehrotra
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Surgery HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Surgery journal
Assessing symptom change in Southeast Asian refugee survivors of mass violence and torture
Authors: R F Mollica, G Wyshak, J Lavelle, T Truong, S Tor, T Yang
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1990)

The authors evaluated changes in symptoms and levels of perceived distress of 21 Cambodian, 13 Hmong/Laotian, and 18 Vietnamese patients before and after a 6-month treatment period. Most of the patients improved significantly. Cambodians had the greatest and Hmong/Laotians had the least reductions in depressive symptoms. Although psychological symptoms improved, many somatic symptoms worsened. The authors conclude that refugee survivors of multiple traumata and torture can be aided by psychiatric care. They recommend investigations with larger samples and suitable control groups to further clarify the relative contributions of trauma, diagnosis, and acculturation stress to treatment outcome.
Cord blood IgE. III. Prediction of IgE high‐response and allergy
Authors: L. G. Hansen, A. Høst, S. Halken, A. Holmskov, S. Husby, L. B. Lassen, K. Storm, O. Østerballe
Journal: Allergy (1992)

Screening of total IgE in 2814 cord blood samples was analysed by Phadebas IgE PRIST in 2 1‐year birth cohorts (1983–1984 and 1985–1986) in Denmark ( n = 1189 + 1625). For follow‐up we chose all infants with cord blood IgE≥0.5 kU/1 and a randomly chosen group of the same size with cord blood IgE &lt; 0.5 kU/1. A total group of 762 infants were clinically evaluated at 18 months of age, and in 688 of these we evaluated total and specific IgE. A diagnosis of definite atopy, probable atopy or no atopy was established. In the present study we defined allergic disease as atopic disease combined with elevated total IgE. We found a statistically significant correlation between cord blood IgE and IgE at 18 months of age. Significantly more infants with elevated cord blood IgE had developed allergic disease at 18 months. A cut‐off value of 0.3 kU/1 for cord blood IgE was superior to the originally suggested 0.5 kU/1. Significantly more infants with elevated cord blood IgE had developed specific IgE antibodies at 18 months. The most frequent specific IgE antibody was towards cow's milk. Specific IgE antibodies were very rarely found when total IgE was not elevated. A total IgE at the age of 18 months &gt; 26 kU/1 could be regarded as elevated. With regard to allergic disease the positive predictive values of cord blood lgE≥0.3 kU/1 in the 2 series were 21 % and the corresponding sensitivities 67% and 46%, respectively. The risk of developing allergic disease was elevated with a factor 3 to 4 when cord blood IgE ≥ 0.3 kU/1. In a high‐risk group based on atopic predisposition and elevated eord blood IgE ≥0.5 kU/1 the relative risk of allergic disease was 5, the predictive value of positive test 38%, the sensitivity 24% and the specificity 96%. Clinical aspects Cord blood IgE was a good predictor of allergic disease at the age of 18 months. A cord blood cut‐off IgE value of 0.3 kU/l was superior to other cord blood IgE values with the Phadebas IgE PRIST method.
Brief Communication: Gas Contaminant Inhibition of Mammary Gland Differentiation In Vitro2
Authors: M. R. Warner, D. Medina
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1975)

A gas mixture of 95% O2/5% CO2 from several commercial sources was contaminated with a filterable substance(s) that inhibited mammary gland morphologic differentiation in vitro.
Carbapenem-non-susceptible Enterobacteriaceae in Europe: conclusions from a meeting of national experts
Authors: H Grundmann, D M Livermore, C G Giske, R Cantón, G M Rossolini, J Campos, A Vatopoulos, M Gniadkowski, A Toth, Y Pfeifer, V Jarlier, Y Carmeli, Collective the CNSE Working Group
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2010)

The emergence and global spread of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae is of great concern to health services worldwide. These bacteria are often resistant to all beta-lactam antibiotics and frequently co-resistant to most other antibiotics, leaving very few treatment options. The epidemiology is compounded by the diversity of carbapenem-hydrolysing enzymes and the ability of their genes to spread between different bacterial species. Difficulties are also encountered by laboratories when trying to detect carbapenemase production during routine diagnostic procedures due to an often heterogeneous expression of resistance. Some of the resistance genes are associated with successful clonal lineages which have a selective advantage in those hospitals where antimicrobial use is high and opportunities for transmission exist; others are more often associated with transmissible plasmids. A genetically distinct strain of Klebsiella pneumoniae sequence type (ST) 258 harbouring the K. pneumoniae carbapenemases (KPC) has been causing epidemics of national and international proportions. It follows the pathways of patient referrals, causing hospital outbreaks along the way. Simultaneously, diverse strains harbouring New Delhi metallo-beta-lactamase (NDM-1) are repeatedly being imported into Europe, commonly via patients with prior medical exposure in the Indian subcontinent. Since the nature and scale of carbapenem-non-susceptible Entrobacteriaceae as a threat to hospital patients in Europe remains unclear, a consultation of experts from 31 countries set out to identify the gaps in diagnostic and response capacity, to index the magnitude of carbapenem-non-susceptibility across Europe using a novel five-level staging system, and to provide elements of a strategy to combat this public health issue in a concerted manner.
Effectiveness of Tumor Necrosis Factor α Blockers in Early Axial Spondyloarthritis: Data From the DESIR Cohort
Authors: Anna Moltó, Simon Paternotte, Pascal Claudepierre, Maxime Breban, Maxime Dougados
Journal: Arthritis & Rheumatology (2014)

To estimate the frequency of use and effectiveness in daily practice of tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) blockers in a population with inflammatory back pain suggestive of early axial spondyloarthritis (SpA).The Devenir des Spondylarthropathies Indifférenciées Récentes (DESIR) cohort is a prospective, multicenter, observational cohort of 708 patients with early (<3 years' duration) inflammatory back pain suggestive of axial SpA. The percentage of patients receiving TNFα blockers over the first 2 years of followup was estimated by survival analysis. To evaluate effectiveness, the primary outcome (40% improvement in disease activity according to the Assessment of SpondyloArthritis international Society criteria [ASAS40]) was compared in patients who received TNFα blockers versus control patients who received any other treatment (usual care). Controls were matched to the patients based on a propensity score method.A total of 30.2% (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 26.7-33.7) patients received at least 1 TNFα blocker during the 24 months of followup. The percentage of ASAS40 responders was 31.5% (62 of 197 patients) in the group receiving TNFα blockers versus 13.2% (26 of 197) in the control group (OR 2.99 [95% CI 1.80-4.99], P = 0.0002). This effectiveness was more pronounced in the subgroup of patients with sacroiliitis identified on magnetic resonance imaging, with 46% of ASAS40 responders receiving TNFα blockers versus 15% of ASAS40 responders receiving usual care (OR 4.99 [95% CI 2.17-11.51]).Our study shows that TNFα blockers are frequently used in daily practice to treat patients with early axial SpA. Our findings confirm the effectiveness of TNFα blockers as compared to any other treatment, especially in the subgroup of patients with sacroiliitis on MRI.