tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Motor Vehicle Traffic-Related Pedestrian Deaths — United States, 2001–2010
Authors: Rebecca B Naumann, Laurie F Beck
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2013)

Motor vehicle traffic crashes are the leading cause of unintentional injury-related death in the United States, resulting in 33,687 deaths in 2010. Pedestrian travel makes up 10.5% of all trips (i.e., any travel from one address to another) taken in the United States, and pedestrians represent 13% of all motor vehicle traffic-related deaths. To determine traffic-related pedestrian death rates by sex, age group, race/ethnicity, and urbanization level, the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) analyzed 2001–2010 data from the National Vital Statistics System (NVSS). The results of that analysis indicated that the overall, annualized, age-adjusted traffic-related pedestrian death rate was 1.58 deaths per 100,000 population. Persons aged ≥75 years and those categorized as American Indian/Alaska Native had the highest death rates, and age group differences varied by race/ethnicity. The results suggest that the overall pedestrian death rate could increase with the aging and growing racial/ethnic diversity of the United States population.
Hypermetabolic Lesions of the Pancreas on FDG PET/CT
Authors: Aisheng Dong, Hui Dong, Ling Zhang, Changjing Zuo
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2013)

Interpretation of (18)F-FDG PET/CT studies in the pancreas is challenging owing to nonspecific FDG uptake in various benign and malignant pancreatic lesions. The purpose of this atlas article was to demonstrate features of various pancreatic lesions encountered at our institution, both benign and malignant, which can result in hypermetabolism on FDG PET/CT imaging.We presented FDG PET/CT studies of 13 patients with various pancreatic lesions. All patients underwent abdominal enhanced CT before FDG PET/CT.We described these cases under the following categories: exocrine pancreatic cancer, cystic tumors, solid pseudopapillary tumor, neuroendocrine tumor, lymphoma, pancreatitis (focal acute and chronic pancreatitis, mass forming pancreatitis, and autoimmune pancreatitis), and infection.Knowledge of a wide spectrum of hypermetabolic pancreatic lesions on FDG PET/CT is essential in accurate reading of FDG PET/CT.
Selection of Conserved Blocks from Multiple Alignments for Their Use in Phylogenetic Analysis
Authors: J. Castresana
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2000)

The use of some multiple-sequence alignments in phylogenetic analysis, particularly those that are not very well conserved, requires the elimination of poorly aligned positions and divergent regions, since they may not be homologous or may have been saturated by multiple substitutions. A computerized method that eliminates such positions and at the same time tries to minimize the loss of informative sites is presented here. The method is based on the selection of blocks of positions that fulfill a simple set of requirements with respect to the number of contiguous conserved positions, lack of gaps, and high conservation of flanking positions, making the final alignment more suitable for phylogenetic analysis. To illustrate the efficiency of this method, alignments of 10 mitochondrial proteins from several completely sequenced mitochondrial genomes belonging to diverse eukaryotes were used as examples. The percentages of removed positions were higher in the most divergent alignments. After removing divergent segments, the amino acid composition of the different sequences was more uniform, and pairwise distances became much smaller. Phylogenetic trees show that topologies can be different after removing conserved blocks, particularly when there are several poorly resolved nodes. Strong support was found for the grouping of animals and fungi but not for the position of more basal eukaryotes. The use of a computerized method such as the one presented here reduces to a certain extent the necessity of manually editing multiple alignments, makes the automation of phylogenetic analysis of large data sets feasible, and facilitates the reproduction of the final alignment by other researchers.
Mountain Fever—Practice of Medicine Act—Health, of Denver.
Authors: W. L. Schenck
Journal: JAMA (1894)

New Castle, Colo., Sept. 1, 1894. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —Possibly some of your many readers may be interested in a line from "the heart of the Rockies;" not that we have much disease here, for we have very little where good habits prevail. I have seen an occasional case of "mountain fever," a form of remittent, consequent upon exposure and the hot days and cool nights of July and August, altitude causing a lower type and temperature than is found in the low, damp regions where the disease is most common. Both observation and reason commend the careful use of the still fashionable agents that depress the heat-producing centers. An enforced idleness consequent upon "labor troubles," "a strike" in a mining camp of 1,200, when the wages were so low they could not live, though they spent annually from seventy-five to an hundred thousand dollars for alcoholics, permitted me to camp out during August in the near by "big game country."
Low minimal inhibitory concentrations of linezolid against multidrug-resistant tuberculosis strains
Authors: Giovanni Sotgiu, Rosella Centis, Lia D'Ambrosio, Paolo Castiglia, Giovanni Battista Migliori
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

We thank Weiss T. and colleagues who wrote an interesting correspondence citing our research letter published in a previous issue of the European Respiratory Journal [1]. We compared the findings of an individual data meta-analytic observational cohort of extensively drug-resistant (XDR) tuberculosis (TB) patients [2] with those of the first experimental study on linezolid in XDR-TB subjects [3]. The results of both studies on the safety of this anti-TB drug underlined the advantage of prescribing a daily dosage of linezolid at a concentration ≤600 mg, when compared with a dosage >600 mg, once daily, in terms of a reduced proportion of adverse events [2, 3]. Interestingly, the positive tolerability response with ≤600 mg once daily of linezolid identified in both XDR-TB cohorts, had previously been confirmed in the larger, observational cohort of patients with a TB disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains that were at least resistant to both isoniazid and rifampicin (multidrug-resistant (MDR) TB) [2]. Low linezolid dosage ≤600 mg a day for MDR-TB patients can reduce the occurrence of linezolid-related adverse events <http://ow.ly/AtTVm>
Cleaner Fuel for Heating and Cooking Saves Lung Function
Authors: M. J. Friedrich
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Replacing dirty cooking fuels with cleaner ones and improving ventilation in kitchens is associated with better lung function and a reduced risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), according to a 9-year study in rural southern China (Zhou Y et al. PLoS Med. 2014:11[3]:e1001621).
Differentiation-dependent and subset-specific recruitment of T-helper cells into murine liver
Authors: Katja Klugewitz, Stefan Andreas Topp, Uta Dahmen, Toralf Kaiser, Sabine Sommer, Evelyn Kury, Alf Hamann
Journal: Hepatology (2002)

It has been suggested that the liver traps and deletes activated and potentially harmful T cells, especially of the CD8 + subset, providing mechanisms to limit systemic immune responses. It is unknown whether this also applies to CD4 + T cells. In this study, we show that activated stages of CD4 + T cells were trapped in the liver on intraportal injection. Intravital microscopy showed an immediate adhesion of activated CD4 + T cells within periportal sinusoids after intraportal injection. Furthermore, we detected high frequencies of interferon gamma (IFN-γ)- (Th1) and interleukin 4 (IL-4)- (Th2) synthesizing effector cells in the liver. Transfer experiments were performed to identify those phenotypes showing specific retention in the liver. Our data show that effector stages and activated cells in general are more efficiently recruited into the liver than resting CD4 + T cells, similar to what has previously been shown for CD45RB low memory cells. In addition, we observed a certain preference for Th1-polarized cells to be trapped by the liver. However, the actual cytokine-producing cells did not specifically enrich among the total population. In conclusion, these data indicate that the liver acts as a filter for activated and memory/effector cells. Cells trapped in the liver might subsequently undergo modulatory influences exerted by the postulated specific microenvironment of the liver.
Hepatitis C and haemophilia
Authors: C. A Lee
Journal: BMJ (1995)

The haemophilic community in Britain, already hit by HIV infection, is now facing the problem of chronic hepatitis C. The high incidence of hepatitis after treatment with clotting factor concentrate from a large pool was first identified by Kasper and Kipnis in 1972.1 They found that infection was more common in young patients having their first treatment. It is now known that there was virtually a 100% rate of transmission of hepatitis C virus to previously untreated patients with haemophilia until effective procedures to inactivate the virus were introduced in 1985-6.2 3 Transmission of hepatitis C occurred with plasma from NHS and commercial sources. Studies of the hepatitis C virus genotype found in British patients with haemophilia who have been treated with concentrates have shown types 1, 2, and 3, reflecting contamination from the British and North American donor pool. Type 4 (reported in the Middle East and Zaire) and type 5 (reported in South Africa) have also, however, been found in a few patients, leading to speculation about the source of some commercial concentrates.4 …
PPAR regulates bone-metabolism by facilitating Wnt-signalling
Authors: C. Scholtysek, H. Fu, J. Katzenbeisser, S. Uderhardt, C. Bohm, J.-P. David, B. Desvergne, G. Schett, G. Kronke
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2011)

<h3>Background</h3> Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) act as key factors during the regulation of fat and glucose metabolism. In addition, the PPARγ isoform has been implicated as major catabolic regulator of bone homeostasis in mice and humans. <h3>Materials and methods</h3> By using PPARβ-specific agonists and PPARβ-deficient mice, the authors analysed the role of PPARβ in osteoblasts and bone homeostasis in vitro and in vivo. <h3>Results</h3> Here the authors describe a novel role of its family member PPARβ as anabolic regulator of bone. In contrast to PPARγ, PPARβ acted in a permissive manner on Wnt-signalling in osteoblasts. Activation of PPARβ induced expression of the Wnt-co-receptor LRP5, promoted nuclear accumulation of β-catenin and consequently enhanced TCF-driven transcriptional activity. Thereby, PPARβ augmented expression of different Wnt-dependent genes, such as <i>osterix</i> and <i>osteoprotegerin</i> (<i>opg</i>), in osteoblasts. Consequently, activation of PPARβ in osteoblasts blocked the differentiation of bone-resorbing osteoclasts. Mice deficient in PPARβ, displayed reduced Wnt-signalling activity and low serum levels of OPG associated with increased differentiation of osteoclasts and osteopenia. Conversely, pharmacological treatment with PPARβ-specific agonist blocked the formation of osteoclasts in vivo and protected mice from ovariectomy-induced bone loss. <h3>Conclusion</h3> These data reveal a so far unrecognised role of PPARβ in the crosstalk between energy metabolism and bone homeostasis and highlights its potential to serve as a target for the treatment of osteoporosis.
Changes in interleukin-2 and interleukin-4 production in asymptomatic, human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive individuals.
Authors: M Clerici, F T Hakim, D J Venzon, S Blatt, C W Hendrix, T A Wynn, G M Shearer
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1993)

Infection with HIV results in an incremental loss of T helper cell (TH) function, which can occur years before CD4 cell numbers are critically reduced and AIDS is diagnosed. All TH function is not affected, however, because B cell activation and hypergammaglobulinema are also characteristic of this period. Recently, in a murine model of AIDS an early loss in production of the CD4 cytokines IL-2 and IFN-gamma was correlated with an increase in the B cell stimulatory cytokines IL-4, IL-5, and IL-10. We therefore assessed the production of IL-4 generated by PBL from HIV-seropositive (HIV+) individuals who did not have AIDS, yet who exhibited different TH functional categories based on their IL-2 production profiles. We observed that the decreases in recall antigen-stimulated IL-2 production were accompanied by an increase in IL-4 production. The loss of recall antigen-stimulated responses in HIV+ individuals could be reversed in vitro by anti-IL-4 antibody. Our results suggest that the TH functions assessed by IL-4 production replace the normally dominant TH function of antigen-stimulated IL-2 production in the progression toward AIDS, and raise the possibility of cytokine cross-regulation in AIDS therapy.
Epstein–Barr virus as a therapeutic target in Hodgkin's disease and nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Richard F. Ambinder, Keith D. Robertson, Stacy M. Moore, Jie Yang
Journal: Seminars in Cancer Biology (1996)

Conventional approaches to the treatment of malignancy are often not curative or are associated with serious complications. New approaches to treatment are needed. A variety of specific approaches to the destruction of virus-associated tumor cells are illustrated in the context of EBV-associated Hodgkin's disease and nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Viral antigens expressed by tumors may be targeted by cytotoxic T cells. Other viral antigens not naturally expressed by tumors may be induced by pharmacologic manipulations such as treatment with demethylating agents. Viral enzymes not naturally expressed by tumors such as thymidine kinase may be induced by protein kinase C activators, thus rendering tumor cells sensitive to killing by ganciclovir.
Allergen impermeable covers appear clinically ineffective in the management of adult asthma patients
Authors: M Belton
Journal: Thorax (2003)

▴ Woodcock A, Forster L, Mattehews E, et al. Control of exposure to mite allergen and allergen-impermeable bed covers for adults with asthma. N Engl J Med2003;349:3[OpenUrl][1][CrossRef][2][PubMed][3][Web of Science][4] This double blind, randomised study compared allergen impermeable … [1]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DNew%2BEngland%2BJournal%2Bof%2BMedicine%26rft.stitle%253DNEJM%26rft.aulast%253DLangford%26rft.auinit1%253DC.%2BA.%26rft.volume%253D349%26rft.issue%253D1%26rft.spage%253D3%26rft.epage%253D4%26rft.atitle%253DTreatment%2Bof%2BANCA-Associated%2BVasculitis%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1056%252FNEJMp030047%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F12840085%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [2]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=10.1056/NEJMp030047&link_type=DOI [3]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=12840085&link_type=MED&atom=%2Fthoraxjnl%2F58%2F10%2F854.atom [4]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=000183896100001&link_type=ISI
Problematic Aspects of Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy and Its Relation to Previous Excisional Biopsy in Breast Cancer
Authors: Ulkem Yararbas, A Murat Argon, Levent Yeniay, Murat Kapkac
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2009)

The aim of the study is to review problematic aspects of sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) and to evaluate the influence of a previous excisional biopsy on these problems.A total of 345 patients were evaluated retrospectively, 156 of them had a previous biopsy. Tc-99m tin colloid was injected the day before surgery at 4 quadrants around the areola intradermally. Problems complicating SLNB are reviewed in 3 topics: visualization or gamma probe detection problems, dilated lymphatic channels, and misleading activity accumulation.SLN detection rate and mean sentinel lymph node numbers were as follows in patients with and without biopsy, respectively: 95.5% versus 99.4% and 1.71 +/- 0.97 versus 1.70 +/- 0.92. Problems complicating the procedure occurred in 20 patients (5.8%). Among these 20 patients, 15 had a prior excisional biopsy, and incisions were located in the upper, outer and periareolar zones. Visualization or gamma probe detection problems occurred in 8 patients. Except for one with faint uptake in a sentinel node, all had a prior biopsy. Lymphatic channel dilatation complicated the procedure in 7 patients. Of these 7 patients, 4 had a previous biopsy. Misleading activity accumulations compromised SLNB in 5 patients, 4 of whom had a prior biopsy.Although SLNB is still applicable with a high success rate in cases with excisional biopsy, a review of problematic aspects of SLNB demonstrated a relation with the presence of a previous biopsy and its localization. The demonstration of nonvisualization preoperatively and the precise localization of atypically located activity accumulation may be helpful in the prevention of potential complications.
Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α) Plays a Protective Role in Acute Viral Myocarditis in Mice
Authors: Hisayasu Wada, Kuniaki Saito, Tsugiyasu Kanda, Isao Kobayashi, Hidehiko Fujii, Suwako Fujigaki, Naoya Maekawa, Hisato Takatsu, Hisayoshi Fujiwara, Kenji Sekikawa, Mitsuru Seishima
Journal: Circulation (2001)

It has been reported that tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) is expressed in the heart with viral myocarditis and that its expression aggravates the condition. The pathophysiological effects of TNF-alpha on viral myocarditis, however, have not been fully elucidated.To investigate the role of TNF-alpha in the progression of viral myocarditis, we used TNF-alpha gene-deficient mice (TNF-alpha(-/-)) and induced acute myocarditis by infection with encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV). The survival rate of TNF-alpha(-/-) mice after EMCV infection was significantly lower than that of TNF-alpha(+/+) mice (0% versus 67% on day 14). Injection of recombinant human TNF-alpha (0.2 to 4.0 microg/mouse IV) improved the survival of TNF-alpha(-/-) mice in a dose-dependent manner, indicating that TNF-alpha is essential for protection against viral myocarditis. The levels of viral titer and viral genomic RNA of EMCV in the myocardium were significantly higher in TNF-alpha(-/-) than in TNF-alpha(+/+) mice. Histopathological examination showed that the inflammatory changes of the myocardium were less marked in TNF-alpha(-/-) than in TNF-alpha(+/+) mice. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that the levels of immunoreactivity of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 in the myocardium were decreased in TNF-alpha(-/-) mice compared with TNF-alpha(+/+) mice.These observations suggested that TNF-alpha is necessary for adhesion molecule expression and to recruit leukocytes to inflammatory sites, and thus, the lack of this cytokine resulted in failure of elimination of infectious agents. We concluded that TNF-alpha plays a protective role in the acute stage of viral myocarditis.
ALOPECIA AREATA AND STRABISMUS: FAMILIAL GROUPS
Authors: C. F. Harford
Journal: BMJ (1924)

Thank you for your interest in spreading the word about The BMJ.NOTE: We only request your email address so that the person you are recommending the page to knows that you wanted them to see it, and that it is not junk mail. We do not capture any email address. Username * Your Email * Send To * You are going to email the following ALOPECIA AREATA AND STRABISMUS: FAMILIAL GROUPS Your Personal Message CAPTCHA This question is for testing whether or not you are a human visitor and to prevent automated spam submissions.
Prognostic Index for 4-Year Mortality in Older Adults—Reply
Authors: Sei J. Lee, Kenneth E. Covinsky
Journal: JAMA (2006)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
ABC of diabetes: pregnancy.
Authors: P J Watkins
Journal: BMJ (1982)

Diabetic pregnanciesPerinatl mortality King's College HospitalThirty years ago about one-third of diabetic pregnancies ended in fetal death.Now 95% are successful.This remarkable improvement is due to major developments in obstetric, diabetic, and paediatric care.Nevertheless, fetal losses are still two to three times greater than normal, and half of the deaths are due to major congenital malformations.4.00/.
Progression of Subclinical Coronary Atherosclerosis
Authors: Andrea E. Cassidy, Lawrence F. Bielak, Yan Zhou, Patrick F. Sheedy, Stephen T. Turner, Jerome F. Breen, Philip A. Araoz, Iftikhar J. Kullo, Xihong Lin, Patricia A. Peyser
Journal: Circulation (2005)

Obesity is associated with coronary artery calcification (CAC), a marker of the presence and extent of subclinical coronary atherosclerosis. Obesity adds incremental information in identifying those at higher risk of coronary heart disease to traditional risk factor assessment. The present study examined associations between obesity measures and progression of CAC in those at higher (> or =10%) and lower (<10%) 10-year coronary heart disease risk according to the Framingham risk equation.In this study, 443 asymptomatic white individuals >30 years of age (243 men) had baseline and follow-up CAC measurements an average of 8.9 years apart. Multivariable linear regression models were fit to determine associations of obesity measures at baseline with progression of CAC defined as log(e) of the difference between follow-up and baseline CAC area plus 1 divided by time (in years) between examinations, adjusting for baseline CAC quantity, age, sex, baseline hypertension status, and baseline cholesterol level. Among 329 participants (74.3%) in the lower-risk group, waist circumference (P=0.024), waist-to-hip ratio (P<0.001), body mass index (P=0.036), and being overweight compared with being underweight or of normal weight (P=0.008) were each significantly positively associated with progression of CAC. Among those at higher coronary heart disease risk, no baseline obesity measures were associated with CAC progression.Various measures of obesity were associated with increased progression of CAC in those at lower risk of coronary heart disease. Future studies examining the effectiveness of weight reduction strategies in reducing CAC progression among those with an otherwise favorable risk factor profile may be warranted.