tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Catatonic stupor after "ecstasy"
Authors: J W Y Lee
Journal: BMJ (1994)

recent sexual partners.Patients were informed that their confidentiality would be preserved.This is important as many patients would not otherwise give details of their contacts.This is protected by law in the genitourinary medicine clinic.Patients were advised to tell their contacts of their diagnosis and to encourage their attendance at a genitourinary medicine clinic.Male -and female patients found to be positive for chlamydia and who had not received treatment at presentation were recalled, treated, and interviewed by the health adviser.All identified partners were then actively sought by the health adviser, when necessary by a home visit.Those who were traced were offered screening and treat- ment.Our experience shows that a programme such as that described by Taylor-Robinson is effective in a genitourinary medicine clinic and suggests that results similar to those in Sweden would be achievable if applied to the community as a whole.We believe that a comprehensive screening programme should include testing of both men and women and that contacts need to be actively pursued by people skilled in preserving confidentiality.The use of a non-invasive first catch urine sample, as we originally described,3 would greatly facilitate widespread screening of sexually active male patients and would identify asymptomatic infections.Sexually transmitted diseases, including C trachomatis infection, are cofactors in the hetero- sexual transmission of HIV infection.'The need for active intervention in the community cannot therefore be overemphasised.
Paradoxical inhibition of cardiac lipid peroxidation in cancer patients treated with doxorubicin. Pharmacologic and molecular reappraisal of anthracycline cardiotoxicity.
Authors: G Minotti, C Mancuso, A Frustaci, A Mordente, S A Santini, A M Calafiore, G Liberi, N Gentiloni
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1996)

Anticancer therapy with doxorubicin (DOX) and other quinone anthracyclines is limited by severe cardiotoxicity, reportedly because semiquinone metabolites delocalize Fe(II) from ferritin and generate hydrogen peroxide, thereby promoting hydroxyl radical formation and lipid peroxidation. Cardioprotective interventions with antioxidants or chelators have nevertheless produced conflicting results. To investigate the role and mechanism(s) of cardiac lipid peroxidation in a clinical setting, we measured lipid conjugated dienes (CD) and hydroperoxides in blood plasma samples from the coronary sinus and femoral artery of nine cancer patients undergoing intravenous treatments with DOX. Before treatment, CD were unexpectedly higher in coronary sinus than in femoral artery (342 +/- 131 vs 112 +/- 44 nmol/ml, mean +/- SD; P < 0.01), showing that cardiac tissues were spontaneously involved in lipid peroxidation. This was not observed in ten patients undergoing cardiac catheterization for the diagnosis of arrhythmias or valvular dysfunctions, indicating that myocardial lipid peroxidation was specifically increased by the presence of cancer. The infusion of a standard dose of 60 mg DOX/m(2) rapidly ( approximately 5 min) abolished the difference in CD levels between coronary sinus and femoral artery (134 +/- 95 vs 112 +/- 37 nmol/ml); moreover, dose fractionation studies showed that cardiac release of CD and hydroperoxides decreased by approximately 80% in response to the infusion of as little as 13 mg DOX/m(2). Thus, DOX appeared to inhibit cardiac lipid peroxidation in a rather potent manner. Corollary in vitro experiments were performed using myocardial biopsies from patients undergoing aortocoronary bypass grafting. These experiments suggested that the spontaneous exacerbation of lipid peroxidation probably involved preexisting Fe(II) complexes, which could not be sequestered adequately by cardiac isoferritins and became redox inactive when hydrogen peroxide was included to simulate DOX metabolism and hydroxyl radical formation. Collectively, these in vitro and in vivo studies provide novel evidence for a possible inhibition of cardiac lipid peroxidation in DOX-treated patients. Other processes might therefore contribute to the cardiotoxicity of DOX.
Histological findings in clinically normal palmar skin of patients with psoriasis
Authors: L. STANKLER
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1977)

Journal Article Histological findings in clinically normal palmar skin of patients with psoriasis Get access L. STANKLER L. STANKLER Department of Dermatology, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB9 2ZB Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 97, Issue 2, 1 August 1977, Pages 131–134, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1977.tb15057.x Published: 01 August 1977
Trends in Prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus in Patients with Myocardial Infarction and Effect of Diabetes on Survival: The Minnesota Heart Survey
Authors: J Michael Sprafka, Gregory L Burke, Aaron R Folsom, Paul G McGovern, Lorraine P Hahn
Journal: Diabetes Care (1991)

Objective The purpose of this study was to document trends in the prevalence of diabetes among men and women hospitalized for myocardial infarction (MI) and to determine the effect of diabetes on in-hospital case fatality rates and long-term survival. Research Design and Methods: The Minnesota Heart Survey is a population-based surveillance system that has monitored trends in coronary heart disease morbidity since 1970. As part of this effort, a 50% random sample of acute Ml discharge records in Minneapolis-St. Paul metropolitan area hospitals was abstracted in 1970,1980, and 1985. Research Design and Methods The Minnesota Heart Survey is a population-based surveillance system that has monitored trends in coronary heart disease morbidity since 1970. As part of this effort, a 50% random sample of acute MI discharge records in Minneapolis-St. Paul metropolitan area hospitals was abstracted in 1970, 1980, and 1985. Results The prevalence of diabetes among MI patients was compared over time, and the data indicated a significant increase between 1970 and 1985 in both men (8.2 vs. 16.8%, P = 0.001) and women (16.0 vs. 25.8%, P = 0.01). Diabetic individuals had an odds ratio of in-hospital death after an MI 1.5 times that of nondiabetic individuals (P &amp;lt; 0.01) after controlling for the effects of sex, age, and year of MI. Among discharged MI survivors, the risk of death was 40% higher (P &amp;lt; 0.01) in diabetic individuals than nondiabetic individuals after 6 yr of follow-up. Compared with nondiabetic individuals, diabetic individuals appeared more likely to have cardiac (pump) failure with acute MI. Conclusions Our findings suggest that the risk of coronary heart disease morbidity and mortality attributable to diabetes may be increasing over time. Therefore, clinicians need to take extra care in the management of MIs in diabetic individuals, and public health efforts to reduce diabetes prevalence are warranted.
Factor V Antibody and Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation
Authors: THOMAS A. LANE
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1978)

A factor V inhibitor arose in a 79-year-old man within 1 month of an operation for a fractured leg. Absorption studies with solid-phase antibodies to human immunoglobulins showed the inhibitory activity to be primarily in the IgG class, but also in the IgA class, of immunoglobulins. This is the first report of an IgA immunoglobulin with factor V inhibitory activity. While the inhibitor was present, and at a time when no circulating Factor V activity was detectable, the patient developed septicemia and disseminated intravascular coagulation. The mechanism sustaining disseminated intravascular coagulation despite the absence of circulating factor V activity remains unexplained. The factor V inhibitor disappeared within 5 months of its initial detection. Possible origins of factor V inhibitors are discussed.
Effects of chronic airway inflammation on the activity and enzymatic inactivation of neuropeptides in guinea pig lungs.
Authors: C M Lilly, L Kobzik, A E Hall, J M Drazen
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1994)

The effects of airway inflammation induced by chronic antigen exposure on substance P (SP)-induced increases and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)-induced decreases in airway opening pressure (Pao), and the recovery of intact and hydrolyzed radiopeptide were studied in tracheally perfused guinea pig lungs. SP (10(-6) mol/kg) induced a significantly greater increase in Pao in lungs from antigen-exposed (30 +/- 5 cm H2O) than saline-exposed animals (15 +/- 1 cm H2O, P < 0.05). Significantly more intact 3H-SP and significantly less 3H-SP 1-7, a neutral endopeptidase (NEP) hydrolysis product, were recovered from the lung effluent of antigen-exposed than saline-exposed animals (P < 0.05). Injection of VIP (10(-9) mol/kg) induced significantly more pulmonary relaxation in saline-exposed compared with antigen-exposed lungs (62 +/- 4%, P < 0.001). In contrast to effluent from saline-exposed animals, lung effluent from antigen-exposed lungs contained less intact VIP, increased amounts of a tryptic hydrolysis product, and no products consistent with the degradation of VIP by NEP. These data indicate that inflamed lungs are more sensitive to the contractile effects of SP because it is less efficiently degraded by NEP and are less sensitive to the relaxant effects of VIP because it is more efficiently degraded by a tryptic enzyme. Changes in airway protease activity occur with allergic inflammation and may contribute to airway hyperresponsiveness.
Computed Brain and Orbital Tomography: Technique and Interpretation
Authors: Glen D. Dobben
Journal: JAMA (1977)

This text of 276 pages highlights the basic physical principles of computerized tomography in language readily understood by the practicing physician or student of medicine. Computerized tomographic artifacts and samples of errors, common within the experience of these sophisticated studies, are well described. The section of neuroanatomy clearly presents illustrations that include the computerized tomographic section for which the projection of the scan has been obtained and the corresponding cut for the gross anatomic display. A corresponding scan is so labeled that the correlation between the gross specimen and the scan is easily recognized. The section on pathological conditions diagnosed with computerized brain scan shows good reproduction of the scan along with presentation of the clinical data, the technique and description of the scan, and the final interpretation of the examination. Scattered throughout this section are appropriate correlated neuroradiologic studies. Among the many examples in the section on trauma, three
Transverse movement of spin-labeled phospholipids in the plasma membrane of a hepatocytic cell line (HepG2): Implications for biliary lipid secretion
Authors: P Muller
Journal: Hepatology (1996)

The redistribution of spin-labeled phospholipid analogs across the plasma membrane of HepG2 cells, either in suspension or grown as monolayers, was investigated. After incorporation into the outer membrane leaflet spin-labeled aminophospholipids phosphatidylserine (PS) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) moved rapidly to the inner monolayer, whereas the analog of phosphatidylcholine (PC) disappeared more slowly from the outer leaflet. The fast, inward movement of the aminophospholipids was abolished after adenosine triphosphate (ATP)- depletion of cells, suggesting the presence of an aminophospholipid translocase in the plasma membrane of these cells. Compared with human red blood cells, the activity of the aminophospholipid translocase is two orders of magnitude higher in HepG2 cells. From these data, a transverse phospholipid asymmetry can be inferred with the aminophospholipids mainly concentrated on the inner monolayer and the choline-containing phospholipids on the outer leaflet. The relevance of the enrichment of PC in the outer membrane leaflet for the formation and composition of the bile is discussed.
Epidermal stem cells: practical perspectives and potential uses
Authors: O. Abbas, M. Mahalingam
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2009)

Throughout adult life, the epidermis and the hair follicle undergo a perpetual cycle of growth, regression and rest. Stem cells in the epidermis not only ensure the maintenance of epidermal homeostasis and hair regeneration, but also contribute to repair of the epidermis after injury. These stem cells lie within specific niches in the hair follicle and the epidermis. The availability of monoclonal antibodies that can be used on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue has greatly facilitated the use of this methodology as an adjunct to uncovering stem cell niches. In this review, we attempt to provide an overview of the potential markers available to identify and study stem cells in an effort to providing a better understanding of the pathogenesis of skin diseases including disorders of hair loss and malignancies. The potential uses of these markers in prognosis and in expanding the therapeutic options in several disorders will also be addressed.
SOME PSYCHIATRIC NOTES ON THE<i>ANDREA DORIA</i>DISASTER
Authors: PAUL FRIEDMAN, LOUIS LINN
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1957)

We have presented observations concerning the phases of initial psychic shock and of recovery; prejudicies and paranoid attitudes; the problems of communications, of leadership and of children in disasters; the role of official identification lists; reactions among the Ile de France passengers; instances of perceptual distortion experienced by the latter; and various attitudes of the survivors toward personal property and toward clothing. It is our hope that these observations will be of interest and possible value to those concerned with the psychological problems of civil disasters. The sinking of the Titanic in 1912 prompted major reforms and improvements in the physical aspects of safe navigation. Our psychological exploration of the Andrea Doria disaster, unsystematic though it be, points to avenues of further study into the following areas: (a) Our notes on the role of prejudice in the development and resolution of crisis might merit the attention of the World Federation for Mental Health in its program for the prevention of social and individual emotional disorder through the systematic search for tension-reducing techniques. Our observations also emphasize the importance of paranoid reactions which are apt to arise in crises and to intensify conditions of chaos. (b) The Andrea Doria experience points up the fallacy that all disaster training must be based on the expectation of nuclear warfare. Men of leadership caliber who shy away from preparations for atomic attack might participate more wholeheatedly in programs which emphasize training for such peacetime disasters as may befall anyone. (c) The introduction of leadership devices that are based on established psychological needs. In our discussion of the "women and children first" principle we pointed out the desirability of having at least one parent accompany the child. The need for such practice has been amply demonstrated during previous crises in recent history. The importance of a speedy method of collecting and publishing survivor identification lists in disasters has also been established as a major device designed to aid survivors in maintaining their identify and to alleviate the traumatic content of their experiences. The authors do not attempt to draw any general conclusions on human nature from the Andrea Doria catastrophe. But they do believe that the introduction of modern psychiatric principles in these areas will effect progress in important aspects of human welfare.
Electromyographic Changes in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: V. L. Steinberg, C. B. W. Parry
Journal: BMJ (1961)

Muscular wasting is a prominent feature of rheumatoid arthritis.The exact reason for this has never been adequately explained.The idea that it is merely secondary to joint involvement or to disuse does not fit the facts, for the wasting may be out of proportion to the joint involvement, and may be found in muscles around joints that retain a full range of movement.Muscle pain and stiffness are prominent features of rheumatoid arthritis, and, indeed, it is well known that such symptoms may precede joint involvement by many years.Histological changes in the muscles have been described by several workers, but it is now agreed that these changes are non-specific and certainly not diagnostic of rheumatoid arthritis.Curtis and Pollard (1940) found perivascular infiltration of lymphocytes in the muscles ; Steiner et al. (1946) performed muscle biopsies on seven cases of rheumatoid arthritis and found inflammatory lesions in every case, calling the lesion " nodular polymyositis."These findings have been confirmed by other workers, and, if the results are analysed, positive biopsies occur in 40-100% of cases, depending on the series.While the histological changes of polymvositis with necrosis are distinct from the nodular polymyositis of rheumatoid arthritis, it must be remembered that Steiner et al. also demonstrated various stages of degeneration and atrophy to be present in rheumatoid muscle.Recently the concept of polymyositis has attracted attention, and, while muscle-wasting and pain are the prominent features of the condition, joint symptoms and signs are frequent, and a rheuimatoid type of polyarthritis may also be present (Richardson, 1957 ;Pearson, 1959).Polymyositis may be a primary condition.but it is usually secondary to such conditions as thyrotoxicosis,
FOUR YEARS' WORK AT AN ANTE-NATAL CLINIC
Authors: A. Crook
Journal: BMJ (1919)

efftsion.The area of cardiac dullness extendled upward and to the right and left, with muffling of heart sounids, small and rapid pulse, and collapse of the lower lobe of the left lung.Exploration exclutded pleural effusion, and after fluctuations in the severity of the symptoms and failnre of local applicatiois, Mr. Ravmond Johnsoni tapped the pericardium ona October 6th, far back on the left side, and drew off 18 oz. of sero-fibriiious fluid, which during withdrawal showed tlhe characteristic pulsatile stream.The fluid was centrifugalized, and both free and in still greater iutimbers taken up in the leucocytes, were demonstrated numerous miniute diplococci.Recovery was remnarkably rapid, the temperature falling to niormal four days later-after a course of irregular fever lasting five weeks, and reaching.at times to 1030 F. The pulse- rate, which had reached to 156 in the minute, fell to 112, and the impulse of the heart became well defined and forcible in character.A wave of severe influenza then spread through the ward and the patient was attacked-needless to add, to the general dismay.From October 14th to the 22nd tihere was
Relief for Women Scientists
Authors: Joan Stephenson
Journal: JAMA (2005)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Adiponectin inhibits steatotic CD95/Fas up-regulation by hepatocytes: Therapeutic implications for hepatitis C
Authors: Inga Wedemeyer, Lars P. Bechmann, Margarethe Odenthal, Christoph Jochum, Guido Marquitan, Uta Drebber, Guido Gerken, Robert K. Gieseler, Hans P. Dienes, Ali Canbay
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2008)
Hair and toenail arsenic concentrations of residents living in areas with high environmental arsenic concentrations.
Authors: Andrea L Hinwood, Malcolm R Sim, Damien Jolley, Nick de Klerk, Elisa B Bastone, Jim Gerostamoulos, Olaf H Drummer
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2002)

Surface soil and groundwater in Australia have been found to contain high concentrations of arsenic. The relative importance of long-term human exposure to these sources has not been established. Several studies have investigated long-term exposure to environmental arsenic concentrations using hair and toenails as the measure of exposure. Few have compared the difference in these measures of environmental sources of exposure. In this study we aimed to investigate risk factors for elevated hair and toenail arsenic concentrations in populations exposed to a range of environmental arsenic concentrations in both drinking water and soil as well as in a control population with low arsenic concentrations in both drinking water and soil. In this study, we recruited 153 participants from areas with elevated arsenic concentrations in drinking water and residential soil, as well as a control population with no anticipated arsenic exposures. The median drinking water arsenic concentrations in the exposed population were 43.8 micro g/L (range, 16.0-73 micro g/L) and median soil arsenic concentrations were 92.0 mg/kg (range, 9.1-9,900 mg/kg). In the control group, the median drinking water arsenic concentration was below the limit of detection, and the median soil arsenic concentration was 3.3 mg/kg. Participants were categorized based on household drinking water and residential soil arsenic concentrations. The geometric mean hair arsenic concentrations were 5.52 mg/kg for the drinking water exposure group and 3.31 mg/kg for the soil exposure group. The geometric mean toenail arsenic concentrations were 21.7 mg/kg for the drinking water exposure group and 32.1 mg/kg for the high-soil exposure group. Toenail arsenic concentrations were more strongly correlated with both drinking water and soil arsenic concentrations; however, there is a strong likelihood of significant external contamination. Measures of residential exposure were better predictors of hair and toenail arsenic concentrations than were local environmental concentrations.