tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A Comparison of Four Phenoxypenicillins
Authors: J. M. Bond, J. W. Lightbown, M. Barber, P. M. Waterworth
Journal: BMJ (1963)

Design of TrialFour oral penicillins of the phenoxy group were selected for comparison.These were: (1) phenoxymethylpenicillin (penicillin V, supplied by Eli Lilly as K salt) ; (2) phen- ethicillin (phenoxyethylpenicillin; " broxil," supplied by Beecham Research Laboratories Ltd. as K salt); (3) propicillin (phenoxypropylpenicillin; " brocillin,"
Abdominal angiostrongyliasis mimicking acute appendicitis
Authors: Paul Kröner, Victor Argueta
Journal: Endoscopy (2015)

A 57-year-old Guatemalan man with no relevant medical or surgical history presented with an acute onset of sharp, non-radiating lower abdominal pain of 12 hours duration. His social history included smoking a daily pack of cigarettes and working as a fisherman on the tropical Guatemalan south coast. The patient reported fevers up to 101° F, nausea, and three episodes of nonbloody vomiting in the preceding 12 hours. He stated that 3 hours prior to presentation, the pain had become generalized over his entire abdomen.
Detection of Subclinical Disorders of the Hypopharynx and Larynx by Gastrointestinal Endoscopy
Authors: S. Watanabe, K. Matsuda, K. Arima, Y. Uchida, M. Nishioka, T. Haruo, T. Uohashi
Journal: Endoscopy (1996)

It is believed that blind introduction of an endoscope into the esophagus causes less patient discomfort. The aim of this study was to evaluate the yield and usefulness of endoscopic screening of the hypopharyngeal and laryngeal regions.A total of 1623 patients who underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy for gastrointestinal disease between 1987 and 1992 had the instrument introduced under visual guidance, and were retrospectively studied.We found 15 pathological conditions in the throat (0.92%): two small cancers (0.12%), one advanced cancer (0.06%), two hypopharyngeal polyps (0.12%), one cyst (0.06%), and eight cases of lymphoid hyperplasia (0.49%) in the hypopharyngeal region. A large Zenker's diverticulum was detected in one patient (0.06%). All of these cases could have been overlooked if the instrument had been passed blindly through the throat.In patients undergoing upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, the procedure of screening the hypopharyngeal and laryngeal region is justified to detect earlystage disease in these regions.
Abstract 2971: Genomic instability of breast stroma
Authors: Seth Rummel, Rachel E. Ellsworth, Jennifer Kane, Brenda Deyarmin, Jeffrey A. Hooke, Darrell L. Ellsworth, Craig D. Shriver
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Background: Research in the past decade has demonstrated the importance of the tumor microenvironment in breast cancer development and progression. Allelic imbalance evaluation of tumor and stromal components suggests a limited number of alterations in the tumor may lead to cellular transformation while tumor behavior may be driven by molecular changes in the surrounding stroma. Recent studies evaluating copy number changes in frozen stromal tissue, however, found no chromosomal alterations and suggested that earlier studies represent artifacts from the use of archive tissues. Methods: High-quality flash-frozen specimens were collected from breast quadrants from 14 patients undergoing mastectomy; patient characteristics ranged from prophylactic mastectomy to stage IV breast cancer. DNA was isolated (Gentra) from benign tissue sections and hybridized to GeneChip Human Mapping 250K arrays (Affymetrix). Genomic DNA from peripheral blood for each patient was genotyped to assess copy number variation (CNV) by paired analysis. CNVs were identified using Genome Console 3.0.2 (Affymetrix) with a minimum genomic size/fragment of 500 Kb and a minimum of 50 markers/segment. Results: Copy number changes ranging in size from 586-5061 kb were detected in 50% (7/14) patients in at least one quadrant, with a single patient having copy number changes present in each quadrant. 21% of quadrants (12/57) showed detectable copy number changes affecting 1 - 18 chromosomal arms. Copy number changes were detected not only in stroma from diseased breasts, but in prophylactic mastectomies, as well. Copy number changes were observed in all quadrants irrespective of tumor location. While copy number alterations on chromosomes 1q21, 2p21, 12p13, 14q12 and 18q12 were shared between patients, no patient had the same patterns of CNVs across all quadrants. Conclusions: Chromosomal alterations were detected in high-quality frozen breast stroma specimens utilizing genome-wide SNP array data, supporting earlier claims that breast stroma may be genetically unstable. Half of the patients in this study demonstrated copy number alterations in breast stroma distant from the tumor, suggesting that for a subgroup of breast cancer patients, widespread chromosomal instability may increase risk of recurrence. Note: This abstract was not presented at the AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010 because the presenter was unable to attend. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2971.
P600Endothelial Nox2 is protective against sepsis-induced severe hypotension and systemic inflammatory response
Authors: S C Trevelin, CX Santos, M Zhang, C Sag, TM Cunha, JC Alves-Filho, LR Lopes, FQ Cunha, A Ivetic, AM Shah
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2014)

Purpose: To investigate the role of endothelial Nox2 in sepsis-induced systemic inflammatory response and hypotension. Methods: All experiments were conduced in accordance with the Scientific Procedures Act. 1986 (UK Home Office). Mice with endothelial-target deletion of Nox2 were generated by crossing Nox2fl/fl mice with Tie2Cre transgenic animals. We compared Nox2fl/fl Tie2Cre+/− mice (Knockout,KO) with matched littermate Nox2fl/fl Tie2Cre-/- (Control) animals on a C57BL/6 background. Mice received an iv injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 10mg/kg) or saline. Systolic and diastolic blood pressures were determined by tail-cuff plethysmography. A clinical severity score comprising signs of lethargy, piloerection, tremor, periorbital exudates, respiratory distress and diarrhoea was determined 2-hourly after LPS injection. After 12 hours sepsis, animals were euthanized and neutrophil sequestration in lungs was evaluated by myeloperoxidase assay. ROS production in mesenteric vessels was assessed by dihydroethidium- image assay and 3-nitrotyrosine staining was used as a readout of nitrosative stress. Levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) were determined by enzymatic linked immunoabsorbent assay. Results: KO mice had lower ROS production in mesenteric vessels than controls after LPS injection. Despite similar basal values (94.46±2.1 vs 96.43±2.50mmHg for systolic blood pressure and 68.19±1.74 vs 69.26±2.56mmHg for diastolic pressure), KO mice had lower blood pressure than control mice, 6 hours after LPS injection (63.04±2.56 vs 76.70±1.38mmHg for systolic blood pressure and 48.24±2.77 vs 59.14±1.89 mmHg for diastolic pressure; p<0.05; n=9). The clinical severity scores were also more aggravate in KO mice compared to controls (p=0.0003, n=9). Mice with endothelial-target Nox2 deletion had higher number of neutrophils trapped in lungs (12480±207.4 vs 6489±75.09 cells/mg lung, p=0.0004, n=6), and increased levels of TNF-alpha in plasma (95.70±13.51 vs 33.69±11.59 pg/ml, p=0.0207, n=5) compared to controls. Interestingly, 3-nitrotyrosine staining in mesenteric vessels was higher in KO mice compared to controls. Conclusions: Endothelial cell Nox2 appears to be protective during sepsis by reducing the extent of hypotension, neutrophil sequestration in lungs and levels of TNF-alpha in plasma. The severe hypotension in KO mice during sepsis could be associated with evidence of greater nitrosative stress in mesenteric vessels than controls. The cellular mechanisms underlying the Nox2 protective effect are currently being investigated.
Endocardial-Cushion Defects
Authors: Timothy M. Lefevre, Oscar Magidson, Jerome Harold Kay
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1962)

RENEWED interest has recently developed in the diagnostic features of congenital malformations of the atrioventricular canal. This interest has been stimulated by the more accurate diagnosis offered by newer cardiologic technics and by recently reported surgical correction of these defects. Although the anatomic distinction of the so-called "ostium-primum" type of defect of the atrial septum has been described in the literature for decades, only in recent years has a clear-cut clinical picture of this lesion been offered.It is important to distinguish the frequently seen ostium-secundum defect from the less commonly seen endocardial-cushion defect because of the marked difference in . . .
THE EVOLUTION OF THE TREATMENT OF PELVIC INFLAMMATION.
Authors: E. E. MONTGOMERY
Journal: JAMA (1902)

Standing to-day as we do on the summit of perfected work in pelvic surgery, it is difficult for us to appreciate the helplessness of those who have preceded us in this field. Meiggs, the accomplished writer, the brilliant teacher and the leading practitioner of his day, describes in graphic terms the tubal tumor filled with water, pus or blood, and says, "the Fallopian tubes may be the seat of inflammation which will render fecundation impossible, but they are equally impossible of diagnosis during life." No one could present a more brilliant word picture of death from ectopic gestation than could he, but he was forced to end with the wail, "Alas, what can we do? Where is the surgeon who would be brave enough to open the abdomen on an uncertain diagnosis?" Much as he realized that surgery would afford the only hope of saving the life of the afflicted,
Tamoxifen for the prevention of breast cancer
Authors: P. Bruzzi
Journal: BMJ (1998)

News p 1187 

The complexity of the effects of tamoxifen has recently been summarised: “Tamoxifen is an antioestrogen with complex pharmacology encompassing variable species-, tissue-, cell-, gene-, age- and duration of administration-specific effects, from oestrogen-like agonist actions to complete blockade of oestrogen action. This complexity is consistent with the various, and sometimes paradoxical, effects that have been associated with tamoxifen administration in animals and humans.”1 The report concluded that there was sufficient evidence that tamoxifen increased the risk of endometrial cancer and conclusive evidence that it reduced the risk of contralateral breast cancer.

Because of this complexity of effects, a consensus has existed until recently that using tamoxifen for preventing breast cancer was questionable even in clinical trials, and that only trials in women at high risk of breast cancer could be justified.2 This month, however, investigators from the National Cancer Institute-National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project decided to release the initial results of the Breast Cancer Prevention Trial, based on their assessment that a reduction in breast cancer had been shown in the group receiving tamoxifen (p 1187).3 Should we now conclude that the evidence is sufficient to warrant the widespread use of tamoxifen for …
Hydrolyzable tannins from Balanophora polyandra
Authors: Yangai Wang, Jianbo Yang, Aiguo Wang, Jie Ma, Jin Tian, Tengfei Ji, Yalun Su
Journal: Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B (2013)

This study reports an investigation of the chemical constituents of Balanophora polyandra Griff. Fifteen compounds were isolated by column chromatography on silica gel, Toyo-pearl HW-40C, Sephadex LH-20 and by HPLC. Their structures were elucidated as 1,4-di-O-galloyl-2-O-[(E)-p-coumaroyl]-β-D-glucopyranose (1), 1-O-galloyl-β-D-pyranglucose (2), 1-p-coumaryl-β-D-pyranglucose (3), 1-O-(E)-caffeoyl-β-D-pyranglucose (4), 1,3-di-O-galloyl-β-D-pyranglucose (5), 1,6-di-O-galloyl-β-D-pyranglucose (6), 1-O-(E)-caffeoyl-4-O-galloyl-β-D-pyranglucose (7), 1-O-(E)-caffeoyl-6-O-galloyl-β-D-pyranglucose (8), 1-O-(E)-caffeoyl-4,6-di-O-galloyl-β-D-pyranglucose (9), 1-O-(E)-caffeoyl-4,6-(S)-HHDP-β-D-pyranglucose (10), 1,2,3,6-tetra-O-galloyl-β-D-pyranglucose (11), 4,6-(S)-hexahydroxydiphenoyl-(α/β)-D-glucose (12), 1-O-(E)-caffeoyl-4,6-[1′,1″-(3′,3″,4′,4″-tetrahydroxydibenzofurandicarboxyl)]-β-D-glucopyranose (13), flavogallonic acid (14), and phloretin-4′-O-β-D-glucoside (15) on the basis of spectral analysis. Compound 1 was a new hydrolyzable tannin, 9 was obtained from this genus for the first time, and compounds 5, 6 and 11–14 were isolated from this plant for the first time.
AN EVER-READY SUTURER
Authors: Myer M. Marbel
Journal: JAMA (1926)

The device here described and illustrated was developed with the idea of furnishing the physician a convenient, sterile and ever-ready combination for sewing up wounds. It embodies features of simplicity, efficiency and convenience that will afford increased skill and greater speed (from four to six stitches per minute), with better asepsis and less chance for contamination on the part of the operator. In caring for emergency wounds away from office or hospital, it lends itself to a high degree of convenience and safety.  To one arm of the needle holder-hemostat is attached a tank holding 300 inches of suture material; the suture is immersed in alcohol and contained within a removable glass vial. To the second arm of the needle holder-hemostat is attached a threader with two vises that will automatically thread the needle and then anchor the suture material to the needle's eye. On and below the grip-jaws of
Wound healing following surgical and regenerative periodontal therapy
Authors: Cristiano Susin, Tiago Fiorini, Jaebum Lee, Jamie A. De Stefano, Douglas P. Dickinson, Ulf M. E. Wikesjö
Journal: Periodontology 2000 (2015)

Abstract Clinical studies have evaluated the effect of conventional periodontal surgical therapy. In general, although some clinical gain in tissue support may be attained, these therapies do not support regeneration of the periodontal attachment. Even though the biological possibility of periodontal regeneration has been demonstrated, the clinical application of this intrinsic potential appears difficult to harness; thus also conceptually most intriguing candidate protocols face clinical challenges. In this review, we explore the bioclinical principles, condiciones sine quibus non , that unleash the innate potential of the periodontium to achieve clinically meaningful periodontal regeneration (i.e. space‐provision, wound stability and conditions for primary intention healing). Moreover, limiting factors and detrimental practices that may compromise clinical and biological outcomes are reviewed, as is tissue management in clinical settings.
Multiple Annular Plaques on Both Legs
Authors: Ignacio Gómez-Martín, Gemma Martín-Ezquerra, Daniel López Aventín
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Dermatology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2022 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Dermatology journal
Pigment epithelium–derived factor is a niche signal for neural stem cell renewal
Authors: Carmen Ramírez-Castillejo, Francisco Sánchez-Sánchez, Celia Andreu-Agulló, Sacri R Ferrón, J Daniel Aroca-Aguilar, Pilar Sánchez, Helena Mira, Julio Escribano, Isabel Fariñas
Journal: Nature Neuroscience (2006)
Radiological distribution of pulmonary emphysema: Clinical and physiological features of patients with emphysema of upper or lower zones of lungs
Authors: N. A. Martelli, D. C. S. Hutchison, C. E. Barter
Journal: Thorax (1974)

<b>Martelli, N. A., Hutchison, D. C. S., and Barter, C. E. (1974).</b><i>Thorax</i>, <b>29</b>, 81-89. <b>Radiological distribution of pulmonary emphysema: clinical and physiological features of patients with emphysema of upper or lower zones of lungs.</b> Pulmonary emphysema exists in two main pathological forms, centrilobular and panlobular (panacinar) emphysema, the lesions predominantly affecting the upper and lower zones of the lungs respectively. There is disagreement among authors as to the clinical and physiological differences between these two forms, and direct evidence of the pathological type is seldom available during life. Patients with emphysema can, however, be divided on radiological criteria into an `upper zone9 and a `lower zone9 group, and it can be argued that these groups relate respectively to the centrilobular and panlobular forms of the disease. The evidence is far from conclusive but it was thought that a comparison of the two radiological groups would be of value. Patients in whom there was no obvious zonal preponderance were not included in the study. Fifty patients with definite radiological evidence of pulmonary emphysema have been studied, those with α<sub>1</sub>-antitrypsin deficiency being excluded. Thirty-one patients (62%) had emphysema which predominantly affected the upper zones of the lungs; the lower zones were the more severely affected in the remainder. Bullae were found in approximately equal proportions in each group. All the patients were, or had been, cigarette smokers. There was no significant difference between the mean ages of the two groups; only seven patients were free from exertional dyspnoea, all being in the upper zone group. Chronic bronchitis occurred with equal frequency in the two groups but started on average about 10 years earlier in those with lower zone disease; the latter patients had rather more severe airflow obstruction and more severe blood-gas abnormalities. The presence or absence of chronic bronchitis per se, however, did not appear to have any significant effect upon the common respiratory function tests. No data emerged from this study which suggested that there were differing aetiological factors in the two groups.
Randomized Trial of Cardiac Resynchronization in Mildly Symptomatic Heart Failure Patients and in Asymptomatic Patients With Left Ventricular Dysfunction and Previous Heart Failure Symptoms
Authors: Cecilia Linde, William T. Abraham, Michael R. Gold, Martin St. John Sutton, Stefano Ghio, Claude Daubert
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2008)
Preventative Effects of Rosiglitazone on Restenosis After Coronary Stent Implantation in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Donghoon Choi, Soo-Kyung Kim, Sung-Hee Choi, Young-Guk Ko, Chul-Woo Ahn, Yangsoo Jang, Sung-Kil Lim, Hyun-Chul Lee, Bong-Soo Cha
Journal: Diabetes Care (2004)

OBJECTIVE—Despite the popularity of coronary stenting in coronary artery disease (CAD), restenosis remains a challenging clinical problem. This study evaluated the efficacy of rosiglitazone for preventing in-stent restenosis in type 2 diabetic patients. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—We conducted a prospective, randomized, case-controlled trial involving 95 diabetic patients with CAD who were randomly assigned to either the control or rosiglitazone group (48 and 47 patients, respectively). Quantitative coronary angiography (QCA) was performed at study entry and again at 6-month follow-up. The primary end point was the restenosis rate, which was determined by QCA. RESULTS—Eighty-three patients (45 patients with 55 lesions in the control group and 38 patients with 51 lesions in the rosiglitazone group) completed follow-up angiography. Rosiglitazone treatment for 6 months reduced fasting insulin concentration. The high-sensitivity C-reactive protein concentration was significantly reduced in the rosiglitazone group compared with that in the control group (from 2.92 ± 1.98 to 0.62 ± 0.44 mg/l, P &amp;lt; 0.001 vs. from 2.01 ± 1.33 to 1.79 ± 1.22 mg/l, P = NS). However, the baseline and follow-up glucose and lipid concentrations were not different between two groups. The rate of in-stent restenosis was significantly reduced in the rosiglitazone group compared with the control group (for stent lesions: 17.6 vs. 38.2%, P = 0.030). The rosiglitazone group had a significantly lower degree of diameter stenosis (23.0 ± 23.4% vs. 40.9 ± 31.9%, P = 0.004) compared with the control group. CONCLUSIONS—We demonstrated that treatment with rosiglitazone significantly reduces in-stent restenosis in diabetic patients with CAD who underwent coronary stent implantation.
Prevalence and clinical characteristics of left ventricular dysfunction among elderly patients in general practice setting: cross sectional survey
Authors: S Morgan, H Smith, I Simpson, G S Liddiard, H Raphael, R M Pickering, D Mant
Journal: BMJ (1999)

<h3>abstract</h3> <b>Objective</b>: To assess the prevalence and clinical characteristics of left ventricular dysfunction among elderly patients in the general practice setting by echocardiographic assessment of ventricular function. <b>Design</b>: Cross sectional survey. <b>Setting</b>: Four centre general practice in Poole, Dorset. <b>Subjects</b>: 817 elderly patients aged 70-84 years. <b>Main outcomes</b>: Echocardiographic assessment of left ventricular systolic function including measurement of ejection fraction by biplane summation method where possible, clinical symptoms, and signs of left ventricular dysfunction. <b>Results</b>: The overall prevalence of left ventricular systolic dysfunction was 7.5% (95% confidence interval 5.8% to 9.5%); mild dysfunction (5.0%) was considerably more prevalent than moderate (1.6%) or severe dysfunction (0.7%). Measurement of ejection fraction was possible in 82% of patients (n=667): in patients categorised as having mild, moderate, or severe dysfunction, the mean ejection fraction was 48% (SD 12.0), 38% (8.1), and 26% (7.9) respectively. At all ages the prevalence was much higher in men than in women (odds ratio 5.1, 95% confidence interval 2.6 to 10.1). No clinical symptom or sign was both sensitive and specific. In around half the patients with ventricular dysfunction (52%, 32/61) heart failure had not been previously diagnosed. <b>Conclusions</b>: Unrecognised left ventricular dysfunction is a common problem in elderly patients in the general practice setting. Appropriate treatment with angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors has the potential to reduce hospitalisation and mortality in these patients, but diagnosis should not be based on clinical history and examination alone. Screening is feasible in general practice, but it should not be implemented until the optimum method of identifying left ventricular dysfunction is clarified, and the cost effectiveness of screening has been shown.