tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Parenchymal expression of CD40 exacerbates adenovirus-induced hepatitis in mice
Authors: Jiabin Yan, Zuliang Jie, Lifei Hou, Joao L. Wanderley, Lynn Soong, Shalini Gupta, Suimin Qiu, Tehsheng Chan, Jiaren Sun
Journal: Hepatology (2011)

Abstract The healthy adult human liver expresses low levels of major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC II) and undetectable levels of immune costimulatory molecules. However, high levels of MHC II, CD40, and B7 family molecules are expressed in the activated Kupffer cells and hepatocytes of patients with viral hepatitis. The precise role of these molecules in viral clearance and immune-mediated liver injury is not well understood. We hypothesized that parenchymal CD40 expression enhances T cell recruitment and effector functions, which may facilitate viral clearance and alleviate liver injury. To test this hypothesis, we generated novel liver-specific, conditional CD40 transgenic mice, and we challenged them intravenously with a recombinant replication-deficient adenovirus carrying Cre recombinase (AdCre). Wild-type mice infected with AdCre developed a relatively mild course of viral hepatitis and recovered spontaneously. CD40 expression in the livers of transgenic animals, however, resulted in CD80 and CD86 expression. The dysregulation of population dynamics and effector functions of intrahepatic lymphocytes (IHLs) resulted in severe lymphocytic infiltration, apoptosis, necroinflammation, and serum alanine aminotransferase elevations in a dose-dependent fashion. To our surprise, an early expansion and subsequent contraction of IHLs (especially CD8+ and natural killer cells), accompanied by increased granzyme B and interferon-γ production, did not lead to faster viral clearance in CD40 transgenic mice. Conclusion: Our results demonstrate that hepatic CD40 expression does not accelerate adenoviral clearance but rather exacerbates liver injury. This study unveils a previously unknown deleterious effect of hepatic CD40 on adenovirus-induced liver inflammation. (Hepatology 2011;)
PARALYSIS OF THE RIGHT DIAPHRAGM ASSOCIATED WITH BRACHIAL PALSY
Authors: Mendel Zeligs
Journal: JAMA (1928)

It would appear from the scarcity of reports of diaphragmatic paralysis due to birth injury that it is a rare condition. Weigert,<sup>1</sup>reporting a case, was able to find in the literature reference to only four others occurring in early infancy. In none of these, with the exception of Weigert's case, was the condition verified by fluoroscopic examination. Kofferath,<sup>2</sup>in 1921, and Epstein,<sup>3</sup>in 1927, reported cases very similar to mine; that is, diaphragmatic paralysis due to injury of the phrenic nerve, associated with a brachial palsy. Friedman and Chamberlain<sup>4</sup>reported a case in a child, aged 17 days, in whom the symptoms and physical signs, while indicating pneumonia, led to a diagnosis of right diaphragmatic paralysis by fluoroscopic examination. This case was also associated with a paralysis of the right arm which was noted soon after birth. Dyson<sup>5</sup>reported a case of diaphragmatic paralysis
Resolution of Airway Eosinophilia is Associated with Upregulation of Fas Ligand (FasL) Expression After a Single Aspergillus fumigatus (Af) Challenge of Sensitized Mice
Authors: S.K. Sharma, S. Kierstein, A. Pitt, F. Almeida, J. Peterson, X. Yang, J. Zangrilli, A. Haczku
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2006)
Propranolol for infantile haemangiomas: certain chances, potential risks
Authors: P.H. Hoeger
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2015)

Within a few years of the serendipitous discovery of its remarkable effects on proliferating infantile haemangiomas (IH) in 2008,1 the nonselective beta‐adrenergic antagonist propranolol has become the first‐line therapy for complicated haemangiomas worldwide. As evidenced in large case series and meta‐analyses,2 3 4 the response rate to oral propranolol (2–3 mg kg−1 per day for 6 months) is 96–98%; reported side‐effects were reversible and mostly benign. Propranolol has thus virtually replaced oral corticosteroids, laser surgery or interferon and vincristine, which in former years (and for decades) were used to treat infants with obstructive, ulcerative or disfiguring IH. Unlike ‘new’ agents, propranolol is a generic, off‐patent and readily available drug, and was used for the treatment of IH at the discretion of the prescribing physician long before randomized controlled studies5 or official recommendations6 were published. Its mode of action, however, is incompletely understood so far. In this issue of BJD, two articles shed new light on the effects of propranolol. Ji et al.7 summarize current knowledge about mechanisms potentially underlying the antiproliferative effect of propranolol in IH. Beta‐adrenergic blockade targets endothelial cells, pericytes and haemangioma stem cells, initially resulting in vasoconstriction, followed by long‐term tumour regression that is likely due to inhibition of both vasculogenesis and angiogenesis. This is a result of suppression of de novo growth of blood vessels from stem cells and interference with proliferation of existing vessels.
MEDICAL EDUCATION IN PROGRAMS OF THE PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE
Authors: LEONARD A. SCHEELE
Journal: JAMA (1949)

A broad concept of medical education is essential in the present era. For the purposes of my discussion, I have taken medical education to include the basic and postgraduate training of the major professional groups concerned with the health care of the people.  The medical school is recognized as the indispensable, integrating force of the medical center of the future. The medical center, as we visualize it, would be the hub of continuous research and education, as well as of medical and public health services to outlying areas.  The contemporary problems of medical education are matters of public concern. In 1946 Dr. H. G. Weiskotten stated: 1   The first and most important step to be taken in improving the health and medical care of the American public is to see to it that medical schools are provided with sufficient funds to conduct a basically satisfactory program of medical education.  Since
ON THE DIET AND GENERAL CARE OF CONSUMPTIVES COMING TO SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA.
Authors: GEORGE L. COLE
Journal: JAMA (1898)

When asked to contribute to this Section I recalled the fact that only a few days previously a patient consulted me who had recently been sent to this region by his physician in one of the Middle Eastern States. His doctor had told him to go to Southern California, find a place suitable to live in, receive the benefit of the climate and not waste his money on either physicians or drugs, to use his own judgment and when he thought best to return to the East. Not this case alone, but the many similar cases, impressed me with the fact that a few words along this line may result in benefit to some who may seek such a change in the future. Imagine the responsibility thus laid upon the patient. How shall he find the place suitable for himself? How should he know where to find suitable lodgings and
Intrahepatic Bile Duct Dilatation and Cholestasis in Autosomal Recessive Polycystic Kidney Disease
Authors: KAREN WATERS, ROBERT HOWMAN-GILES, MONICA ROSSLEIGH, ALBERT LAM, ROGER UREN, JOHN KNIGHT
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1995)

Fifteen patients with the clinical and radiologic features of autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease were investigated with radionuclide hepatobiliary scintigraphy. In nine patients (60%), cholestasis and intrahepatic bile duct dilatation were demonstrated. A 10th child had scintigraphic evidence of cholestasis, but the bile ducts were not dilated. The other five children had normal hepatobiliary scans. The authors conclude that intrahepatic bile duct dilatation with cholestasis (Caroll's disease) Is part of the clinical spectrum of autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease and that hepatobiliary scintigraphy can be of value in determining the extent of hepatobiliary disease in this group of patients.
Team–Patient Interaction in Chronic Hemodialysis Units
Authors: Kaplan De-Nour, J.W. Czaczkes
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1974)

We have tried to present briefly some of our impressions and findings about teams'–patients' interaction and its influence on patients' behaviour. It seems that teams defended hostility is a major problem in teams'–patients' interactions, and that helping a team to use less defenses is beneficial to all. Having proved that patients' behaviour is to a great extent determined by a number of personality traits, we tried to study the modification of this behaviour caused by the team. Our hypothesis has been that congruence in realistic expectations helps the patient to achieve his potential for adjustment, while discrepancies in expectations act like double-bind communications and patients do not adjust as well as could be expected. Some of the results also seem to point in the suggested direction, but real proof or disproof of the hypothesis can be obtained only by studying larger units as well as by improving the methodology.
THE CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS OF SILICOSIS
Authors: Kenneth A. Owen
Journal: JAMA (1933)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —On reading "The Clinical Manifestations of Silicosis" by Dr. R. R. Sayers and the discussion inThe Journal, August 19, it occurred to me that, although the author stressed shortness of breath as the cardinal symptom and decreased chest expansion as the cardinal sign of the condition, no mention was made of the obvious importance of vital capacity readings. It is well known that measurements of chest expansion are unreliable. With the spirometer the vital capacity of these patients could be quickly and reliably checked.
Phase II Study of Sequential Triplet Chemotherapy, Irinotecan and Cisplatin Followed by Amrubicin, in Patients with Extensive-Stage Small Cell Lung Cancer: West Japan Thoracic Oncology Group Study 0301
Authors: Masashi Kobayashi, Kaoru Matsui, Yasuo Iwamoto, Noriyuki Ebi, Satoshi Oizumi, Koji Takeda, Toshiyuki Sawa, Kazuhiko Shibata, Hideo Saka, Fumio Imamura, Nobuhiko Seki, Hiroshi Saito, Isao Goto, Kazuhiko Nakagawa
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2010)
Influence of ranitidine on plasma metoprolol concentrations.
Authors: D Jack, M Mitchard, R N Smith
Journal: BMJ (1983)

Hypocholesterolaemia and cancer?SIR,-The largest study so far was not mentioned in Dr K G Taylor's leading article (21 May, p 1598).In an international collaborative analysis,' which included a large UK centre, we found that the association with a low serum cholesterol concentration was not specific for colon cancer and that it was almost entirely short term.(table).It seems that the main, and Mean difference in cholesterol concentrations and number of deaths Mean cholesterol difference (mmol/l) Period of follow up (years) All cancers Colon cancer 1 -0-75 (70) -0-65 (4) 2-5 -0-10 (616) -0-23 (41) 6-10 -0-05 (798) +0-08 (60)Conversion: SI to traditional units-Cholesterol: 1 mmol/l 38-7 mg/100 ml.Values in parentheses = number of deaths.
Femoral Aneurysms
Authors: George Pappas, Joseph M. Janes, Philip E. Bernatz, Alexander Schirger
Journal: JAMA (1964)

A study was made of femoral aneurysms occurring in 89 patients from 1950 through 1963. True aneurysms were bilateral in 36% of the patients and multiple in 69%; associated aneurysms involved the popliteal and iliac arteries and the abdominal aorta. Complications were primarily passive venous congestion and occlusive arterial disease. Forty-four of the 89 patients were not considered surgical candidates, often because associated disease made the risk prohibitive. The remaining 45 patients underwent 52 operations. Elective surgery is considered appropriate in the management of femoral-arterial aneurysms when they are of significant size, when the surgical risk is reasonable, and when distal vessels provide sufficient run-off to maintain patency of the graft.
Hypothesis: Could Excessive Fructose Intake and Uric Acid Cause Type 2 Diabetes?
Authors: Richard J. Johnson, Santos E. Perez-Pozo, Yuri Y. Sautin, Jacek Manitius, Laura Gabriela Sanchez-Lozada, Daniel I. Feig, Mohamed Shafiu, Mark Segal, Richard J. Glassock, Michiko Shimada, Carlos Roncal, Takahiko Nakagawa
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (2009)

We propose that excessive fructose intake (>50 g/d) may be one of the underlying etiologies of metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes. The primary sources of fructose are sugar (sucrose) and high fructose corn syrup. First, fructose intake correlates closely with the rate of diabetes worldwide. Second, unlike other sugars, the ingestion of excessive fructose induces features of metabolic syndrome in both laboratory animals and humans. Third, fructose appears to mediate the metabolic syndrome in part by raising uric acid, and there are now extensive experimental and clinical data supporting uric acid in the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome. Fourth, environmental and genetic considerations provide a potential explanation of why certain groups might be more susceptible to developing diabetes. Finally, we discuss the counterarguments associated with the hypothesis and a potential explanation for these findings. If diabetes might result from excessive intake of fructose, then simple public health measures could have a major impact on improving the overall health of our populace.
Low‐dose alemtuzumab‐associated immune thrombocytopenia in chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Gianluigi Reda, Francesco Maura, Giuseppe Gritti, Anna Gregorini, Francesca Binda, Francesca Guidotti, Alfonso Piciocchi, Carlo Visco, Francesco Rodeghiero, Agostino Cortelezzi
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2012)

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is frequently complicated during its course by autoimmune disorders (from 2 to 12% of cases), such as autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) and immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP). In particular, ITP has been reported in about 2–5% of CLL population. Recently, Cuker et al. reported the occurrence of ITP in 6/216 patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis in a phase 2 clinical trial of annual alemtuzumab. Alemtuzumab is an anti-CD52 monoclonal antibody used in CLL both as first-line treatment and in relapsed/refractory patients. We evaluated a cohort of 64 consecutive patients affected by relapsed-refractory CLL treated with low-dose alemtuzumab and we observed a incidence of ITP higher than predicted. Our data, associated with the report of Cuker et al., seem to suggest an important role of alemtuzumab in the pathogenesis of ITP which could be related to its induced dysregulation of T-lymphocyte activity.
Delirium: another factor when considering type of anesthetic for hip fracture surgery in adults
Authors: N. Gupta
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Patorno and colleagues’ large database study highlights the comparative safety of general and combined routes of anesthesia compared with regional anesthesia for hip fracture surgery in adults.1 However, the findings would have been more robust if an important factor that contributes to mortality—delirium associated with hip surgery—had been included. The authors acknowledge the lack …
Integration of health and social care would better safeguard adults from harm
Authors: B. Boland
Journal: BMJ (2013)

On 14 May 2013 Norman Lamb MP announced the UK government’s intention for health and social care to be fully integrated by 2018.1 A cohort of experimental sites will be unveiled in September to trial new ways of delivering care, he announced. Healthcare providers and local authorities will forge new partnerships to tackle unmet need with the aim of avoiding patients falling between two stools.

Support for integration from patients and their carers is strong. National Voices, the “national coalition of health and social care charities in England” champions this cause, calling for integrated care to develop “quickly and at scale.”2 Its influence is considerable and growing—for example, it has worked closely with the NHS Leadership Academy in developing its new programmes to make sure the “patient experience is central to the programme.”3

From the perspective of patients, integrated care makes complete sense. In 2010-11, 95 000 adults were referred for safeguarding because of suspected abuse in England and Wales, with 44% referred by social care staff and only 22% by healthcare staff. Referrals from primary and community care made …
Neonatal Gonococcal Orogastric Contamination
Authors: Claudia Carbonetto
Journal: JAMA (1978)

NO RECENT comprehensive screening study is available on the incidence of vaginal gonorrhea during the third trimester of pregnancy or at the time of delivery, but Handsfield et al<sup>1</sup>have reported on the incidence of gonorrhea found in a selective group of mothers and newborns. They found that 2.7% of these newborns had gonococcal orogastric contamination, 12.2% of mothers had symptomatic or asymptomatic gonococcal vaginitis, and the presence of gonorrhea is associated with an increased morbidity of the newborn. A case of a gonococcal infection was found in an asymptomatic mother and her apparently healthy newborn. This case emphasizes the importance of screening for gonorrhea in the third as well as the first trimester of pregnancy. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A married woman followed up for prenatal care in a community hospital clinic during her first trimester had a negative routine culture for gonorrhea. However, her FTA-ABS was positive,
Red cell CDP (dCDP)‐choline and P‐choline in normal subjects and in certain hemolytic syndromes
Authors: William N. Valentine, Donald J. Jenden, Donald E. Paglia
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1984)

Abstract The concentrations of red cell CDP (dCDP)‐choline and P‐choline were measured and compared in normal subjects, in subjects with hemolytic anemia other than that due to pyrimidine‐5′‐nucleotidase deficiency, in homozygotes for the latter enzymopathy, and in a single subject with a hemolytic syndrome speculatively due to choline phosphotransferase deficiency.
Sertraline-Related Night Sweats
Authors: Stewart F. Babbott
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1999)

Letters2 February 1999Sertraline-Related Night SweatsStewart F. Babbott, MD and Vincent E. Pearson, PharmDStewart F. Babbott, MDBaystate Medical Center; Springfield, MA 01199 (Babbott)Johns Hopkins University; Baltimore, MD 21287 (Pearson)Search for more papers by this author and Vincent E. Pearson, PharmDBaystate Medical Center; Springfield, MA 01199 (Babbott)Johns Hopkins University; Baltimore, MD 21287 (Pearson)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-130-3-199902020-00035 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:A 24-year-old woman was evaluated for night sweats and dry cough that had progressed over 3 months. She had no history of fever, chills, or prior night sweats. She had noted fatigue, weakness, decreased appetite, and a 7-pound weight loss over the past 6 months. She had infrequent postnasal drip and mild seasonal allergies. She reported no tobacco use, gastroesophageal reflux, upper or lower respiratory tract infection symptoms, dyspnea, diarrhea, risk factors for HIV infection, adenopathy, recent travel, or use of nonprescription medication. She had been exposed to tuberculosis as a volunteer in an HIV clinic, and ...References1. American Hospital Formulary Service. Drug Information. Bethesda, MD: American Society of Health-System Pharmacists; 1997:1694-714. Google Scholar2. Kiev A, Feiger A. A double-blind comparison of fluvoxamine and paroxetine in treatment of depressed outpatients. J Clin Psychiatry. 1997;58:146-52. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. Fisher S, Kent TA, Bryant SG. Post-marketing surveillance by patient self monitoring: preliminary data for sertraline versus fluoxetine. J Clin Psychiatry. 1995;56:288-96. MedlineGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Stewart F. Babbott, MD; Vincent E. Pearson, PharmDAffiliations: Baystate Medical Center; Springfield, MA 01199 (Babbott)Johns Hopkins University; Baltimore, MD 21287 (Pearson) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byEffect of terazosin on sweating in patients with major depressive disorder receiving sertraline: A randomized controlled trialNight Sweats and Elevated Follicle-Stimulating Hormone Levels While Taking Selective Serotonin Reuptake InhibitorsSertraline-Related Night SweatsNight Sweats RevisitedSertraline 2 February 1999Volume 130, Issue 3Page: 242-243KeywordsFatigueHIVReuptake inhibitorsRisk managementSerotoninSweatThoraxThyroid-stimulating hormoneTuberculinWeight loss ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 2 February 1999 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1999 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Validation of the Determinant-based Classification and Revision of the Atlanta Classification Systems for Acute Pancreatitis
Authors: Nelly G. Acevedo–Piedra, Neftalí Moya–Hoyo, Mónica Rey–Riveiro, Santiago Gil, Laura Sempere, Juan Martínez, Félix Lluís, José Sánchez–Payá, Enrique de–Madaria
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2013)
BMA backs police campaign against female genital mutilation
Authors: Peter Moszynski
Journal: BMJ (2007)

A crackdown on female genital mutilation has been launched by London's Metropolitan Police in an attempt to protect the estimated 6500 girls it believes undergo the procedure each year in the United Kingdom.

The BMA backed campaign, dubbed Operation Azure, has been launched at the start of the summer holidays, because that is the time when girls from certain ethnic groups—mainly African communities—are thought to be most at risk. The extended holiday period allows time to recover from the physical effects of the operation. Most girls are sent abroad, but female genital mutilation is also thought to be conducted in the UK, although no one has ever been prosecuted.

A £20 000 (€30 000; $40 000) reward has been offered in an attempt to break the wall of silence surrounding the issue. The Metropolitan …
At Your Own Risk: The Case Against Chiropractic
Authors: Joseph A. Sabatier
Journal: JAMA (1969)

The rapidly growing accumulation of compelling evidence that chiropractic is a public health hazard has been documented again in a newly published book, entitled<i>At Your Own Risk: The Case Against Chiropractic</i>.<sup>1</sup>The book is the result of authorscience writer Smith's years of personal, penetrating investigation of chiropractic. And, like others who have taken the time to investigate chiropractic, he concludes that the theory of chiropractic is false, and that treatments given in accordance with the theory bear no relationship to the management or cure of human disease. After 11 chapters of documentation, Smith proposes two steps which must be taken by the legislatures of the 48 states that license chiropractors. The immediate first step is to prohibit further use of x-ray by chiropractors. Second, each state must create an orderly program for withdrawing chiropractic licenses. Only by public exposure can any unscientific cult such as chiropractic be placed
Phospholipase A2 reduction ameliorates cognitive deficits in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Rene O Sanchez-Mejia, John W Newman, Sandy Toh, Gui-Qiu Yu, Yungui Zhou, Brian Halabisky, Moustapha Cissé, Kimberly Scearce-Levie, Irene H Cheng, Li Gan, Jorge J Palop, Joseph V Bonventre, Lennart Mucke
Journal: Nature Neuroscience (2008)