tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Estradiol and Progestins Differentially Modulate Leukocyte Infiltration After Vascular Injury
Authors: Dongqi Xing, Andrew Miller, Lea Novak, Ricardo Rocha, Yiu-Fai Chen, Suzanne Oparil
Journal: Circulation (2003)

Inflammation plays an important role in the response to endoluminal vascular injury. Estrogen (17beta-estradiol, E2) inhibits neointima formation in animal models, and the progestin medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) blocks this effect. This study tested the hypothesis that E2 inhibits the migration of inflammatory cells, particularly granulocytes, into the rat carotid arteries after acute endoluminal injury and that MPA blocks this effect.Ovariectomized rats were randomly divided into subgroups and treated with E2, MPA, E2+MPA, or vehicle and subjected to balloon injury of the right carotid artery. After 1, 3, or 7 days, rats were euthanized, and carotid arteries (injured and control) were analyzed for inflammatory cells by flow cytometry. At 1 day, granulocytes (HIS48+ and CD45+), monocyte/macrophages (Mar1+ and CD45+), and T lymphocytes (CD3+ and CD45+) were increased 26-fold, 12-fold, and 3-fold, respectively, in injured compared with contralateral control arteries of vehicle-treated rats. Granulocytes and monocyte/macrophages decreased markedly by 3 days. E2 reduced the granulocyte and monocyte/macrophage populations of injured vessels by approximately 50% and increased T lymphocytes. MPA had no independent effect on inflammatory cells but completely blocked the effect of E2. Immunohistochemical examination verified these findings and localized inflammatory cells to the adventitial and periadventitial domains of injured vessels.E2 may limit the neointimal response to endoluminal vascular injury, at least in part, by limiting leukocyte entry from adventitial/periadventitial tissues into injured vessels early in the injury response.
Tumor-induced anorexia and weight loss are mediated by the TGF-β superfamily cytokine MIC-1
Authors: Heiko Johnen, Shu Lin, Tamara Kuffner, David A Brown, Vicky Wang-Wei Tsai, Asne R Bauskin, Liyun Wu, Greg Pankhurst, Lele Jiang, Simon Junankar, Mark Hunter, W Douglas Fairlie, Nicola J Lee, Ronaldo F Enriquez, Paul A Baldock, Eva Corey, Fred S Apple, MaryAnn M Murakami, En-Ju Lin, Chuansong Wang, Matthew J During, Amanda Sainsbury, Herbert Herzog, Samuel N Breit
Journal: Nature Medicine (2007)
A Musculoskeletal Syndrome in Intravenous Heroin Users
Authors: ROBERT S. PASTAN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1977)

During a recent 5-month period, 16 intravenous heroin users were hospitalized with a previously unrecognized complication of drug abuse. The characteristic symptoms were similar in all patients and included fever, paraspinal myalgias, and periarthritis. There was no evidence of bacterial infection, hepatitis, or drug abstinence as the cause of these musculoskeletal symptoms. Continued heroin use was associated with progressive musculoskeletal symptoms, while discontinuation of heroin use resulted in complete recovery. Antibiotics did not affect the outcome, and the syndrome was self-limited in all hospitalized patients. The pathogenesis of this syndrome is unknown but may be related to the heroin, which was described as brown by the patients, or an adulterant.
The PARP inhibitor olaparib induces significant killing of ATM-deficient lymphoid tumor cells in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Victoria J. Weston, Ceri E. Oldreive, Anna Skowronska, David G. Oscier, Guy Pratt, Martin J. S. Dyer, Graeme Smith, Judy E. Powell, Zbigniew Rudzki, Pamela Kearns, Paul A. H. Moss, A. Malcolm R. Taylor, Tatjana Stankovic
Journal: Blood (2010)
Historic Passage — Reform at Last
Authors: John K. Iglehart
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2010)

President Barack Obama, sealing a hard-fought and historic victory, has signed into law the Democrats' comprehensive health care reform bill, the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, a sweeping measure that would expand coverage to 32 million uninsured Americans. Appearing March 23 in the White House East Room before gleeful members of Congress who enacted the measure and other guests, Obama said, “Today . . . health insurance reform becomes law in the United States of America. . . . We have just enshrined the core principle that everybody should have some basic security when it comes to their health care.” Two days earlier, . . .
Captopril and hypertension in black diabetics.
Authors: A. J. Burr, J. Hay
Journal: BMJ (1989)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is a chronic, inflammatory, musculoskeletal disease that affects up to 30% of patients with psoriasis. Current challenges in clinical care and research include personalised treatment, understanding the divergence of therapy response and unravelling the multifactorial pathophysiology of this complex disease. Moreover, there is an urgent clinical need to predict, assess and understand the cellular and molecular pathways underlying the response to disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs). The TOFA-PREDICT clinical trial addresses this need. Our primary objective is to determine key immunological factors predicting tofacitinib efficacy and drug-free remission in PsA. <h3>Methods and analysis</h3> In this investigator-initiated, phase III, multicentre, open-label, four-arm randomised controlled trial, we plan to integrate clinical, molecular and imaging parameters of 160 patients with PsA. DMARD-naïve patients are randomised to methotrexate or tofacitinib. Additionally, patients who are non-responsive to conventional synthetic (cs)DMARDs continue their current csDMARD and are randomised to etanercept or tofacitinib. This results in four arms each with 40 patients. Patients are followed for 1 year. Treatment response is defined as minimal disease activity at week 16. Clinical data, biosamples and images are collected at baseline, 4 weeks and 16 weeks; at treatment failure (treatment switch) and 52 weeks. For the first 80 patients, we will use a systems medicine approach to assess multiomics biomarkers and develop a prediction model for treatment response. Subsequently, data from the second 80 patients will be used for validation. <h3>Ethics and dissemination</h3> The study was approved by the Medical Research Ethics Committee in Utrecht, Netherlands, is registered in the European Clinical Trials Database and is carried out in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. The study’s progress is monitored by Julius Clinical, a science-driven contract research organisation. <h3>Trial registration number</h3> EudraCT: 2017-003900-28.
Simvastatin Inhibits Cigarette Smoking–induced Emphysema and Pulmonary Hypertension in Rat Lungs
Authors: Ji-Hyun Lee, Dong-Soon Lee, Eun-Kyung Kim, Kang-Hyeon Choe, Yeon-Mock Oh, Tae-Sun Shim, Sang-Eun Kim, Yun-Song Lee, Sang-Do Lee
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2005)

Rationale: In cigarette smoking–induced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, structural and functional derangements are characterized by parenchymal destruction and pulmonary hypertension. Statins are 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl–coenzyme-A reductase inhibitors that have been used as lipid-lowering agents. These drugs also have additional pharmacologic properties, including antiinflammation, scavenging reactive oxygen species, restoring endothelial function, and antithrombogenesis, all of which can counteract the harmful effects of cigarette smoking.Objective: We performed assays to determine whether simvastatin could attenuate lung damage induced by chronic cigarette smoking in rats.Methods: In Sprague-Dawley rats exposed to cigarette smoke for 16 weeks, morphologic changes in the lungs and pulmonary arterial pressure were examined.Main Results: Simvastatin inhibited lung parenchymal destruction and development of pulmonary hypertension, and also inhibited peribronchial and perivascular infiltration of inflammatory cells and induction of matrix metalloproteinase-9 activity in lung tissue. Simvastatin additionally prevented pulmonary vascular remodeling and the changes in endothelial nitric oxide synthase expression induced by smoking. In human lung microvascular endothelial cells, simvastatin increased expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase mRNA.Conclusions: Simvastatin ameliorated the structural and functional derangements of the lungs caused by cigarette smoking, partly by suppressing inflammation and matrix metalloproteinase-9 induction and preventing pulmonary vascular abnormality. These findings indicate that statins may play a role in the treatment of cigarette smoking–induced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Anorexia nervosa in diabetes mellitus.
Authors: C G Fairburn, J M Steel
Journal: BMJ (1980)

plexes suggests their responsibility in the recurrence of pulmonary haemorrhage.The origin and nature of these immune complexes remain unknown.They may be composed of basal membrane antigens and the corres- ponding antibodies or they may result from an intercurrent immuno- logical attack of some sort.Our findings emphasise the importance of assaying for immune complexes in patients with Goodpasture's syndrome who suffer recurrences of pulmonary haemorrhages.We thank Madeleine Delauche for the technical help and Mich8le Duquenoy for secretarial help.
SMALL LEFT ATRIAL VOLUME IS AN INDEPENDENT PREDICTOR FOR FAINTING DURING HEAD-UP TILT TEST: THE IMPACT OF INTRACARDIAC VOLUME RESERVE ON VASOVAGAL SYNCOPE
Authors: Jeonggeun Moon, Hye Jin Hwang, Boyoung Joung, Jong-Won Ha, Moon-Hyoung Lee, Yangsoo Jang, Sung Soon Kim, Hui-Nam Pak
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Thioredoxin-Interacting Protein Mediates ER Stress-Induced β Cell Death through Initiation of the Inflammasome
Authors: Christine M. Oslowski, Takashi Hara, Bryan O'Sullivan-Murphy, Kohsuke Kanekura, Simin Lu, Mariko Hara, Shinsuke Ishigaki, Lihua J. Zhu, Emiko Hayashi, Simon T. Hui, Dale Greiner, Randal J. Kaufman, Rita Bortell, Fumihiko Urano
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2012)
Scientific Review and Clinical Applications
Authors: Wendy Levinson
Journal: JAMA (2002)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
800-4 Coronary Calcification by Ultrafast Computed Tomography is an Independent Predictor of Obstructive Coronary Artery Disease: A Multivariate Risk Factor Analysis
Authors: John M. Kennedy, Matthew J. Budoff, Demetrios Georgiou, Arthur S. Agatston, Matthew A. Romano, Robert C. Detrano, Bruce H. Brundage
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
Phase I Study of an Immunomodulatory Thalidomide Analog, CC-4047, in Relapsed or Refractory Multiple Myeloma
Authors: S.A. Schey, P. Fields, J.B. Bartlett, I.A. Clarke, G. Ashan, R.D. Knight, M. Streetly, A.G. Dalgleish
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2004)

To assess the safety, efficacy, and immunomodulatory effects of CC-4047 (Actimid; Celgene, San Diego, CA) in patients with relapsed or refractory myeloma.Twenty-four relapsed or refractory patients were treated with a dose-escalating regimen of oral CC-4047. Clinical responses and adverse effects were identified, and peripheral T-cell subsets, serum cytokines, and proangiogenic factors were evaluated.CC-4047 was tolerated with no serious nonhematologic adverse events. All patients were eligible for analysis. Toxicity criteria during the initial 4 weeks of study were used to define the maximum-tolerated dose (MTD). During this period, one patient withdrew with a deep vein thrombosis (DVT) probably caused by an undiagnosed primary melanoma with lymphadenopathy in the groin, one patient withdrew because of progressive disease (PD), and three patients discontinued with neutropenia. Nineteen of 24 patients continued on treatment beyond 4 weeks to PD or development of a serious adverse event. Three further patients developed a DVT at 4, 9, and 11 months. Treatment resulted in a greater than 25% reduction in paraprotein in 67% of patients, 13 patients (54%) experienced a greater than 50% reduction in paraprotein, and four (17%) of 24 patients entered complete remission. The MTD was 2 mg/d. All patients showed increased CD45RO expression on CD4(+) and CD8(+) cells, with a concomitant decrease in CD45RA(+) cells. CC-4047 treatment was associated with significantly increased serum interleukin (IL)-2 receptor and IL-12 levels, which is consistent with activation of T cells and monocytes and macrophages.This study demonstrates the safety and efficacy of CC-4047. The MTD of CC-4047 orally was 2 mg/d. This is the first report demonstrating in vivo T-cell costimulation by this class of compound, supporting a potential role for CC-4047 as an immunostimulatory adjuvant treatment.
Cryptococcosis in a Febrile Renal Transplant Recipient—Reply
Authors: Ying-Guo Ding, Hong Fang
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Prime minister tells troubled trusts to “hold their nerve”
Authors: Michael Day
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Tony Blair has intervened personally in the financial and political storm over NHS debts and job losses. He summoned the chief executives of 16 of the most debt ridden hospital and primary care trusts to Downing Street to discuss the progress of “turnaround teams,” the financial and management specialists despatched to help the trusts balance their books.

The meeting on Wednesday last week came just hours after the West Hertfordshire Hospitals NHS Trust announced that it would axe up to 500 jobs to tackle its deficit of £28.6m (€41.3m; $50.3m).

In …
Timolol: new antiglaucoma agent works by a different mechanism
Authors: May Annexton
Journal: JAMA (1979)

For the first time in 25 years, a new drug was approved last fall for the treatment of glaucoma. "It works almost like magic," says Thom Zimmerman, MD, of the Department of Ophthalmology, Louisiana State University, New Orleans. Timolol maleate was released as a topical ocular hypotensive agent in September by the Food and Drug Administration. Extensive studies and clinical tests, Zimmerman told a recent meeting of the International Glaucoma Congress (III) in Las Vegas, have proved that the drug is extremely effective against open angle glaucoma, the most common form of the disease. In addition, there are few side effects so far, thus eliminating the compliance problems so common with the use of other glaucoma medications. "It doesn't change pupil size, vision, or accommodation," Zimmerman says. "What it does is decrease the formation of aqueous humor. This is just the opposite of other glaucoma medications that enhance the outflow
The role of granulomatous phlebitis and thrombosis in the pathogenesis of cirrhosis and portal hypertension in sarcoidosis
Authors: F Moreno-Merlo, I R Wanless, K Shimamatsu, M Sherman, P Greig, D Chiasson
Journal: Hepatology (1997)

Sarcoidosis often involves the liver with mild elevation of serum enzymes and granulomas histologically. Rarely, chronic cholestasis, portal hypertension, cirrhosis, or nodular hyperplasia may be found. The pathogenesis of the portal hypertension and of the cirrhosis are not understood, in part because large samples of tissue have seldom been described. We describe the clinical and anatomic findings of four patients with sarcoid liver disease in whom the whole livers were available for examination. One patient had cirrhosis, one had diffuse nodular hyperplasia, and two had small regions of parenchymal fibrosis. The first two of these had a history of variceal bleeding and healed portal vein thrombosis. One had chronic cholestasis without cirrhosis. We suggest that the cirrhosis and focal fibrosis were caused by ischemia secondary to primary granulomatous phlebitis of portal and hepatic veins. The portal hypertension in two patients was likely secondary to portal vein thrombosis, because cirrhosis was absent at the onset of variceal bleeding.
Getting animated about medicine
Authors: N. Marks
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Can a cartoon character help relay health information to children? 

You don't have to be a parent, paediatrician, or child psychiatrist to recognise the power of a strong and loveable popular character with whom children can identify. There can scarcely be an adult left in the land who when asked, “Can we fix it?” wouldn't know the appropriate, “Yes we can!” response to yell back. But now it could be time for Bob the Builder, along with Fireman Sam and Postman Pat, to move over. Welcome instead the cheery, boyish figure of Dr Dan.

Dr Dan has just won the Medical Futures Best Innovation in Health Communication Award for his co-creators, paediatrician Dr Veronica Kinsler, ophthalmologist Dr Eoin O'Sullivan, and their lawyer spouses. If all goes according to plan, then Dr Dan, like Sam, Pat, and Bob, is set for a future captivating the imagination of the under 7s. He will feature across the media, in books, on television, and on the web—he …
SK channel modulation rescues striatal plasticity and control over habit in cannabinoid tolerance
Authors: Cristiano Nazzaro, Barbara Greco, Milica Cerovic, Paul Baxter, Tiziana Rubino, Massimo Trusel, Daniela Parolaro, Tatiana Tkatch, Fabio Benfenati, Paola Pedarzani, Raffaella Tonini
Journal: Nature Neuroscience (2012)
Evaluating Patients With Persistent Chest Pain and No Obstructive Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Steven W. Seiden
Journal: JAMA (2009)

To the Editor: Dr Phan and colleagues presented 2 interesting patients with chest pain and normal coronary angiograms, speculating that for one patient the symptoms were due to microvascular coronary dysfunction and, for the other, due to abnormal cardiac nociception. I do not believe they have justified their conclusion that both patients illustrate the value of coronary reactivity testing. Indeed, the details of their diagnostic investigations are a reminder of the old saw that a well person is one who has not been completely worked up. The first patient, with cardiac syndrome X, had already had a negative radionuclide perfusion stress test (usually positive in this syndrome) and 2 normal coronary angiograms before commencing the workup discussed by the authors, which included repeat coronary angiography and insertion of an intracoronary flow wire followed by intracoronary infusion of vasoactive agents. The authors dismissed the negative stress test as reflecting the insensitivity of that test, although lack of specificity of the coronary reactivity testing is equally plausible. They justified the risks of the invasive evaluation by pointing out that patients with microvascular coronary dysfunction have an increased risk for adverse events, although no treatment has been demonstrated to reduce that risk. The 1 article cited to support an improved prognosis with treatment refers to hypertensive patients with abnormal brachial artery flow-mediated vasodilatation; whether these findings would apply to a nonhypertensive patient with microvascular coronary dysfunction is unknown. The second patient, a woman diagnosed with abnormal cardiac nociception, had normal coronary reactivity testing but had severe chest pain during flow-wire manipulations and infusions, requiring 2 doses of 25 μg of fentanyl for relief. She was treated with “reassurance and low-dose imipramine . . . ” and “has not sought additional testing at 18-month follow-up.” There is no evidence that the testing led to more effective therapy for this patient. I believe it would be a mistake to conclude that the coronary reactivity testing described by Phan et al is anything more than a research tool. Although the authors provided interesting theoretical explanations for the chest pain in their 2 patients, the diagnostic studies resulted in empirical, not tailored, therapy with no proven benefits in terms of symptom relief or prognosis. They therefore have not justified the increased risk and expense of the procedure.
Portacaval anastomosis induces region-selective alterations of the endogenous opioid system in the rat brain
Authors: J de Waele, R M Audet, D K Leong, R F Butterworth
Journal: Hepatology (1996)

Portacaval anastomosis (PCA) in the rat results in a broad spectrum of neurological and neurobehavioral changes, including alterations of circadian rhythms, impaired locomotor activity, and reflexes, as well as decreased threshold to noxious stimuli. In addition, following portacaval shunting, rats drink significantly more ethanol in a free– choice drinking paradigm. Available evidence suggests that many of these behavioral changes may be modulated by the endogenous opioid system of the brain. To evaluate this possibility, the effects of PCA on circulating β–endorphin (β–EP), as well as β–EP content in the pituitary and specific brain nuclei, was evaluated using a sensitive radioimmunoassay. Furthermore, the characteristics and regional densities of mu and delta opioid receptors in the brains of PCA and sham–operated control rats were studied using an in vitro technique, as well as quantitative receptor autoradiography and the specific ligands 125I [D–Ala2, MePhe4, Met(o)ol5]enkephalin (FK 33–824) and 125I [2–d–penicillamine, 5–d–penicillamine]–enkephalin (DPDPE) for micro and delta sites, respectively. PCA resulted in region–selective modifications of β–EP in brain, but not in pituitary or blood. Autoradiographic studies revealed a generalized decrease in mu binding sites (up to 70% decreases compared with sham–operated controls) and region–selective alterations of delta receptor densities following PCA. Portacaval–shunted rats drank significantly more ethanol in a free– choice drinking paradigm, an effect that was significantly attenuated by the administration of the opiate antagonist naloxone. Increased ethanol preference thus appeared to result from modifications of the endogenous opioid system in nucleus accumbens of rats following PCA.