tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effect of fexofenadine on eosinophil-induced changes in epithelial permeability and cytokine release from nasal epithelial cells of patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis☆☆☆★★★
Authors: Muntasir M. Abdelaziz, Jagdish L. Devalia, Omer A. Khair, Hasan Bayram, Andrew J. Prior, Robert J. Davies
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (1998)
The Use of Fresh-Frozen Plasma
Authors: Robert G. Chapman
Journal: JAMA (1986)

To the Editor.—  The Jan 25, 1985, issue of JAMA contained two articles and an editorial referring to indications for use of fresh-frozen plasma (FFP). 1-3 In discussing these articles recently with a physician preparing guidelines for use of blood components in military casualties it was evident that there can be misinterpretation of the recommendation made at the beginning of the CONSENSUS CONFERENCE report entitled Fresh-Frozen Plasma: Indications and Risks. The report states that Other single-donor plasma units, either frozen or liquid, may be substituted for FFP. Indications for these products are interchangeable with those for FFP except for coagulation factor V deficiency. 1   Liquid plasma loses not only factor V but, to an even greater extent, factor VIII. As Dr Oberman 3 points out in his editorial, three pages later, liquid single-donor plasma may be prepared from FFP after cryoprecipitate is removed and such single-donor plasma units will be
Intra-Deme Molecular Diversity in Spatially Expanding Populations
Authors: Nicolas Ray, Mathias Currat, Laurent Excoffier
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2003)

We report here a simulation study examining the effect of a recent spatial expansion on the pattern of molecular diversity within a deme. We first simulate a range expansion in a virtual world consisting in a two-dimensional array of demes exchanging a given proportion of migrants (m) with their neighbors. The recorded demographic and migration histories are then used under a coalescent approach to generate the genetic diversity in a sample of genes. We find that the shape of the gene genealogies and the overall pattern of diversity within demes depend not only on the age of the expansion but also on the level of gene flow between neighboring demes, as measured by the product Nm, where N is the size of a deme. For small Nm values (< approximately 20 migrants sent outwards per generation), a substantial proportion of coalescent events occur early in the genealogy, whereas with larger levels of gene flow, most coalescent events occur around the time of the onset of the spatial expansion. Gene genealogies are star shaped, and mismatch distributions are unimodal after a range expansion for large Nm values. In contrast, gene genealogies present a mixture of both very short and very long branch lengths, and mismatch distributions are multimodal for small Nm values. It follows that statistics used in tests of selective neutrality like Tajima's D statistic or Fu's FS statistic will show very significant negative values after a spatial expansion only in demes with high Nm values. In the context of human evolution, this difference could explain very simply the fact that analyses of samples of mitochondrial DNA sequences reveal multimodal mismatch distributions in hunter-gatherers and unimodal distributions in post-Neolithic populations. Indeed, the current simulations show that a recent increase in deme size (resulting in a larger Nm value) is sufficient to prevent recent coalescent events and thus lead to unimodal mismatch distributions, even if deme sizes (and therefore Nm values) were previously much smaller. The fact that molecular diversity within deme is so dependent on recent levels of gene flow suggests that it should be possible to estimate Nm values from samples drawn from a single deme.
Transcriptional regulation of the Ikzf1 locus
Authors: Toshimi Yoshida, Esther Landhuis, Marei Dose, Idit Hazan, Jiangwen Zhang, Taku Naito, Audrey F. Jackson, Jeffrey Wu, Elizabeth A. Perotti, Christoph Kaufmann, Fotini Gounari, Bruce A. Morgan, Katia Georgopoulos
Journal: Blood (2013)
Candidates for Thrombolysis among Emergency Room Patients with Acute Chest Pain
Authors: Thomas H. Lee
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1989)

Study Objective: To assess the potential clinical impact of thrombolytic therapy for acute myocardial infarction by determining true-positive and false-positive rates of criteria for eligibility among emergency room patients with acute chest pain. Design: Prospective multicenter cohort study. Setting: Emergency rooms of three university and four community hospitals. Patients: Emergency room patients (7734) with acute chest pain. Measurements and Main Results: Only 261 (23%) of 1118 patients with acute myocardial infarctions were 75 years of age or younger, presented within 4 hours of the onset of pain, and had emergency room electrocardiograms showing probable acute myocardial infarction; 60 (0.9%) of the 6616 patients without infarction also met these criteria (positive predictive value, 261/321 = 81%; CI, 77% to 86%). The positive predictive value could increase to about 88% (CI, 82% to 93%) if eligibility were based on the official hospital electrocardiogram reading. Conclusions: Because experience from published studies suggests that about one third of patients who meet these three eligibility criteria have other contraindications to thrombolysis, we estimate that about 15% of patients with acute myocardial infarction would meet the criteria for eligibility for thrombolysis that have been used in clinical trials at the time of emergency room presentation. Further, for every eight patients with true-positive results who are treated, one to two patients with false-positive results may also be treated if decisions are based on the interpretation of a single electrocardiogram.
Results of Surgical Treatment for Patients with Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Takeshi Hanagiri, Kenji Sugio, Tetsuro Baba, Yoshinobu Ichiki, Manabu Yasuda, Hidetaka Uramoto, Takefumi Ohga, Mitsuhiro Takenoyama, Kosei Yasumoto
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2009)
An analysis of sebum excretion rate, bacterial population and the production rate of free fatty acids on human skin
Authors: J. H. COVE, K. T. HOLLAND, W. J. CUNLIFFE
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1980)

Bacteria were sampled using a "scrub" technique from the skin surface of the faces of forty-nine female subjects aged 18-21 years. The sebum excretion rate was determined by a gravimetric method and the level of free fatty acids by titration. The production rate of free fatty acids was calculated from the product of the concentration of free fatty acids in the sebum and the sebum excretion rate. The date was analysed using Kendall's rank correlation method. Positive correlations existed between the number of Micrococcaceae and the skin propionibacteria (P < 0.001) and between both groups of organisms and the production rate of free fatty acids (P < 0.001). There was no significant correlation between the size of the bacterial population and the sebum excretion rate. The results support the view that free fatty acids are produced as a result of bacterial action, that the Micrococcaceae and skin propionibacteria do not compete to the detriment of their respective populations, and that the size of the bacterial population is not dependent upon the sebum excretion rate.
Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor Upregulates the Expression of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells
Authors: George T. Stavri, Ian C. Zachary, Paul A. Baskerville, John F. Martin, Jorge D. Erusalimsky
Journal: Circulation (1995)

Background Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a hypoxia-inducible direct angiogenic factor. Upregulation of VEGF is thought to mediate many of the angiogenic effects of growth factors that are not direct endothelial cell mitogens. Like VEGF, basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) is considered to induce angiogenesis by a direct effect on endothelial cells. This study investigated the possibility that bFGF may also act indirectly by regulating VEGF expression in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Methods and Results Incubation of confluent and quiescent cultures of rabbit VSMCs with bFGF caused a time- and concentration-dependent increase in steady-state levels of VEGF mRNA, as analyzed by Northern blot hybridization. Exposure of VSMCs to a threshold hypoxic stimulus (2.5% O 2 ) caused a modest increase in VEGF mRNA levels. However, the combination of 2.5% O 2 with bFGF had a marked synergistic effect. This effect was specific for VEGF as hypoxia did not enhance bFGF-induced expression of the proto-oncogene c- myc . Synergistic upregulation of VEGF mRNA expression also was observed between hypoxia and TGF-β 1 . Conclusions These results suggest that bFGF may promote angiogenesis both by a direct effect on endothelial cells and also indirectly by the upregulation of VEGF in VSMCs. The synergy demonstrated between hypoxia and either bFGF or TGF-β 1 suggests that multiple diverse stimuli may interact via the upregulation of VEGF expression in VSMCs to amplify the angiogenic response.
Regional Differences in Integrin Expression
Authors: Kelly L. Davenpeck, Cezary Marcinkiewicz, Dian Wang, Rodica Niculescu, Yi Shi, Jack L. Martin, Andrew Zalewski
Journal: Circulation Research (2001)

Abstract —There is increasing evidence to suggest that coronary smooth muscle cells (SMCs) differ from noncoronary SMCs. As integrin adhesion molecules regulate many SMC functions, we hypothesized that differences in integrin expression on coronary and noncoronary SMCs may account for cellular differences. Analysis of integrin expression on freshly isolated porcine coronary and noncoronary SMCs revealed that coronary SMCs express significantly less α 5 β 1 than noncoronary SMCs, whereas the expression of total β 1 and that of α v β 3 are similar. Consistent with these findings, coronary SMCs demonstrated significantly less adhesion to fibronectin, compared with carotid artery SMCs. As α 5 β 1 -mediated signaling has been associated with cellular proliferation, the effects of differential α 5 β 1 expression on cell proliferation were examined by comparing primary coronary and carotid artery SMC proliferation. Coronary SMC growth was significantly lower than that of carotid artery SMCs when plated on fibronectin or type I collagen. Blocking α 5 β 1 function on carotid artery SMCs produced a significant decrease in cellular proliferation, resulting in growth similar to that of coronary SMCs. Furthermore, blocking α 5 β 1 , but not α v β 3 , inhibited loss of α-smooth muscle actin in proliferating SMCs. Proliferating coronary SMCs were found to upregulate α 5 β 1 expression, further indicating a role for α 5 β 1 in SMC growth. These results suggest that dissimilar α 5 β 1 integrin expression may mediate regional differences in phenotype of vascular SMCs.
Physician Subsidies for Tobacco Advertising
Authors: Victor L. Roggli, Claude A. Piantadosi, Neil R. MacIntyre, Stephen L. Young, Peter S. Kussin, Mark P. Steele, Martha Sue Carraway, Karen E. Welty-Wolf, Joseph A. Govert, Timothy J. McMahon, Scott M. Palmer, Thomas A. Sporn, Andrew J. Ghio
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2006)
Lymphoma, Immunodeficiency and the Epstein-Barr Virus
Authors: Fred S. Rosen
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1977)

It is established that Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) is the etiologic agent of infectious mononucleosis and African Burkitt's lymphoma. Thus, EBV, a herpes-related virus, commonly causes a benign, self-limited infection in man, or, in certain settings, a malignant lymphoma.1 EBV infects primarily, if not exclusively, the B lymphocytes of man and subhuman primates.2 When B lymphocytes are infected in vivo by EBV, the infected B cells are attacked and destroyed by T lymphocytes. This war among the lymphocytes is manifested clinically as infectious mononucleosis. In vitro B lymphocytes infected with EBV become immortal in that long-term B-lymphocyte culture lines can be . . .
A Study of Medical Injury and Medical Malpractice
Authors: Howard H. Hiatt, Benjamin A. Barnes, Troyen A. Brennan, Nan M. Laird, Ann G. Lawthers, Lucian L. Leape, A. Russell Localio, Joseph P. Newhouse, Lynn M. Peterson, Kenneth E. Thorpe, Paul C. Weiler, William G. Johnson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1989)

For nearly two decades, an atmosphere of crisis has enveloped our system of medical-malpractice litigation and liability insurance. Courts have expanded the limits of tort liability, an increasing number of patients have sought to redress their grievances in court, and juries have awarded ever-increasing damages for medical injuries. Legislatures have responded to the problems of a shrinking insurance market and rising insurance costs by restricting liability and, in some cases, limiting damages. The courts have reviewed some of these statutory restrictions and have struck down a number of them as unconstitutional. Mean-while, report after report has come from federal and . . .
Androgenic effect of testosterone and some of its metabolites in relation to their biotransformation in the skin.
Authors: C.M.A.A. GOOS, P. WIRTZ, A.J.M. VERMORKEN, P. MAUVAIS-JARVIS
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1982)

Testosterone and several of its metabolites were tested in the female hamster flank organ. Microscopical examination was carried out and some histological features were quantified. Testosterone, 5α‐dihydrotestosterone and 3α‐androstanediol were very effective in stimulating the growth of the sebaceous structure, whereas 3β‐androstanediol showed no effect at all. Androsterone could evoke only a small effect. The metabolism of these steroids was studied in the hamster flank organ, hamster skin and in human scalp hair follicles and the possible interrelationship between androgenic effect and metabolism is discussed.
Abstract LB-10: A gene expression signature reflects the regulatory status of Wnt/β-catenin pathway activity
Authors: Zhong Wu, John DiCarlo, Yexun Wang
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Due to limitations of cytotoxic based chemotherapies, current oncology drug development is designed to target specific cellular signaling pathways critical for tumor growth and progression. Such targeted drug development requires specific biomarkers to monitor the activity status of pathway. Compared to the traditional method which relies on one or a few indicators within the pathway constituents, multi-gene expression based methods measure pathway alteration as a function of the downstream effect of pathway regulation on multiple gene expression changes. These downstream gene expression alterations can potentially capture all changes related to any upstream alteration of a pathway component. The Wnt/β-catenin pathway is one of the most frequently altered pathways in a number of human cancers including colorectal carcinomas, melanomas, breast cancer and hepatocellular carcinomas and therefore of major interest to cancer researchers. Activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway results in a variety of downstream biological effects and this functional diversity is reflected in gene expression changes. By utilizing Wnt3a stimulation and siRNA mediated β-catenin knockdown in 293H cells followed by gene expression profiling analysis, we identified a list of 64 genes whose expression was upregulated in response to Wnt3a and whose increased expression levels were diminished by treatment with β-catenin siRNA. These 64 Wnt/β-catenin response genes were further evaluated by real-time PCR with 11 samples from a panel of 10 different cell lines either stimulated with Wnt3a and LiCl and/or inhibited with β-catenin siRNA. Sixteen genes were identified as a specific panel of indicators for Wnt/β-catenin pathway regulation using a nearest shrunken centroid classifier method. To further verify the 16 gene signature, we applied the signature to 10 new samples from 9 different cell lines in which 5 samples were stimulated with Wnt3a or LiCl and the rest of them were from cells transfected with β-catenin siRNA. The 16 gene signature predicted the regulatory status of Wnt/β-catenin pathway in these 10 samples with an accuracy of 100%. Our study demonstrates the identification and initial verification of a gene expression signature that can potentially serve to monitor the regulatory status of cellular Wnt/β-catenin pathway activity. The applications presented here are for research use only. Not for use in diagnostic procedures. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-10. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-LB-10
Vasectomy and Increased Risk of Prostate Cancer
Authors: Gabe Mirkin
Journal: JAMA (1993)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —The higher rates of prostate cancer reported in men who have had vasectomies<sup>1</sup>do not prove that vasectomies cause prostate cancer. I believe that the behavior of men who have had vasectomies is responsible for their higher rates of prostate cancer. Prostate cancer is associated with human papillomavirus<sup>2</sup>and a high-fat diet.<sup>3</sup>Men who have vasectomies are more likely to be sexually active. Since they do not need to worry about impregnating women, they may be more promiscuous; they are far less likely to use condoms, and thus, they increase their risk of acquiring venereal warts. It would be interesting to see if they are also more likely to eat a high-fat diet.
NICE and its value judgments: Authors' reply
Authors: Michael Rawlins, Tony Culyer
Journal: BMJ (2004)

NICE and its value judgments Option of safe "understudy" treatments should be availableEditor-The National Institute for Clinical Excellence (NICE) aims for the highest attainable standards of care. 1 The bedrock of its advice is published evidence of benefits from treatment (mainly pharmaceuticals).In the report accepted in May consideration of safety issues focused on invasive surgical and diagnostic procedures, and the "judgment" on risk assumed that such risks are small and calculable. 2 In economic terms, to distinguish between real risk (calculable and potentially manageable) and uncertainty, where judgment of costs is purely subjective, is important.In July the new health service director of research and development announced a forthcoming national programme of research on drug treatment in children.Given the serious and quite common adverse consequences of paediatric treatment reported, 3 a fundamental reassessment of child health interventions is warranted.Adverse drug reactions or interactions between new and existing drug treatments are uncertain in caring for children aged 0-16 years.NICE has hitherto sought to judge the best treatment (singular), but in an uncertain interaction between doctor and child simultaneous identification of "good enough" second line treatments that can understudy for the "best" treatment when the safety of an individual child may preclude using the most cost effective drug may make good economic sense.This "good enough for some children" standard is not currently in the expertise of the licensing authorities, but it could become a feature of NICE expertise.In the absence of safe treatment alternatives, the long term costs to some children and families (and the health service) of adverse drug reactions could be heavy.For adult health care the burden of adverse drug reactions is 6.5% of hospital admissions. 4 For childhood drug treatment, what will be our options?
Cine-angiography of the Mitral Valve
Authors: P. G. F. Nixon
Journal: BMJ (1966)

Cine-angiography of the Mitral Valve SIR,-At some time in our lives all of us have enjoyed the films, and one of the intense pleasures of modern cardiology is sitting at ease in an armchair examining the function of the mitral valve in the manner described in your leading article (4 June, p. 1377).However, it is dangerous to assume that the cardiologist's enthusiasm for the movies justi- fies his abandoning the older, simpler, and safer measures for the newer, more expensive, and most dangerous.Naturally occurring cases of advanced rheumatic mitral disease-that is, those not
Murine hepatic accessory cells support the proliferation of Th1 but not Th2 helper T lymphocyte clones.
Authors: D B Magilavy, F W Fitch, T F Gajewski
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1989)

The liver is the major site of clearance and degradation of foreign antigens from the portal circulation. Despite the presence of hepatic accessory cells, antibody responses to orally administered antigens are uncommon. To ascertain if hepatic accessory cells are incapable of stimulating specific subsets of T lymphocytes, freshly isolated hepatic nonparenchymal and splenic cells were cultured with a panel of antigen-specific, H-2-restricted Th1 and Th2 HTL clones. Whereas spleen cells stimulated the proliferation of both Th1 and Th2 clones, hepatic nonparenchymal cells (NPC) stimulated the proliferation of only Th1 and not Th2 clones. Adding rIL-1, rIL-6, and rIL-7, alone or in combination, to the cultures did not result in proliferation of the Th2 clones. Despite the absence of Th2 proliferation, NPC were able to stimulate the secretion of IL-3 and IL-4 by Th2 clones in the presence of antigen. Moreover, adding hepatic NPC did not inhibit spleen cells from stimulating Th2 clones in the presence of antigen. Thus, the inability of liver cells to stimulate the proliferation of Th2 helper T lymphocytes appears to be secondary to an absence of either an unknown accessory cell cofactor or an accessory cell that preferentially presents antigen to Th2 cells. The selective activation of Th1 and not Th2 cells by liver accessory cells may result in suppression of antibody responses to orally administered antigens.
Defining Adequate Surgery for Primary Melanoma
Authors: Susan E. Krown, Paul B. Chapman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2004)

The incidence of malignant melanoma has been rising over the past three decades.1 Much of the increase is accounted for by thin, localized cutaneous melanomas with the potential to be cured by surgery. Once melanoma spreads beyond the primary lesion, however, the likelihood of cure decreases dramatically. Five-year relative survival rates for patients with melanoma in the United States between 1992 and 1998 were 96 percent for those with local lesions but only 60 percent for patients whose melanomas had spread regionally and 14 percent for those with distant metastases.1 The thickness of the tumor and the presence or absence . . .
A SYSTEM OF PERSONAL BIOLOGIC EXAMINATIONS THE CONDITION OF ADEQUATE MEDICAL AND SCIENTIFIC CONDUCT OF LIFE.
Authors: GEORGE M. GOULD
Journal: JAMA (1900)

The ranchman has his annual round-up; the merchant his yearly account of stock and balancing of books; the machinist gives his engine a thorough going-over at regular intervals; every military organization has its reviews and inspections, every government its budgets—indeed, every financial hair of the commercial head is noted, and not a sparrow of the hunter, Success, falls to the ground unnumbered; those that do not fall are even more accurately numbered. But it is not so concerning the one piece of mechanism that conditions all these things, and that is the most valuable of all earthly possessions—the human body. For all practical consideration a man's body is his life, and yet civilization has come so far without any systematization of the business and mechanics of the entire single and personal life. The science of bodily living in its complete extent still awaits its discoverer. Numberless philosophers treating of the