tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 4868: Subendmyocardial Perfusion Reserve Correlated with Left Ventricular Diastolic Function in Patients with Various Types of Left Ventricular Hypertrophy
Authors: Tairo Kurita, Katsuya Onishi, Hajime Sakuma, Takeshi Takamura, Motonori Nagata, Hiroshi Nakajima, Masaki Ishida, Naoki Fujimoto, Kaoru Dohi, Kan Takeda, Masaaki Ito
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Reduced myocardial perfusion reserve (MPR) and left ventricular (LV) diastolic dysfunction were frequently observed in patients with LV hypertrophy (LVH). The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between MPR assessed by stress-rest perfusion MRI and LV diastolic function in patients with various types of LVH. In patients with diastolic heart failure (DHF, n=34), hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM, n=28), hypertensive LVH (n=42), cardiac amyloidosis (n=4), and control subjects (n=46), stress-rest perfusion MR images were acquired with saturation recovery balanced TFE sequence. Blood input and myocardial output curves were analyzed to determine absolute myocardial blood flow (MBF). MPR were quantified in subendocardial (subend) and subepicardial (subepi) sides of LV wall. LV diastolic function was evaluated using echocardiography, and peak early diastolic mitral annular velocity (Ea) and the ratio of peak early diastolic mitral inflow to Ea (E/Ea) were obtained. MBF at rest was 1.08 mg/ml/min and, subend and subepi MPR were 3.5 and 3.6 in control subjects. To compare with control subjects, subend MPR tended to be decreased in LVH, subend MPR was decreased in DHF, subend and subepi MPR were decreased despite preserved subend and subepi MBF in HCM, and both subend and subepi MBF as well as MPR were decreased in cardiac amyloidosis. According to the disease subgroup, Ea and subend MPR showed a significant correlation(r=0.95), and E/Ea and subend MPR showed an inversed correlation (r=−0.97). (Figure 1 ) Subend MPR significantly correlated with LV diastolic function in patients with various types of LVH.
Effects of Glucose Analogues (2-Deoxy-&lt;sc&gt;d&lt;/sc&gt;-glucose, 2-Deoxy-&lt;sc&gt;d&lt;/sc&gt;-galactose) on Experimental Tumors
Authors: John Laszlo, Stewart R. Humphreys, Abraham Goldin
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1960)
Kinase activity signature of breast cancer using peptide phosphosensors.
Authors: Miki Mori, Jean-Philippe Coppe, Zhongzhong Chen, Laura van't Veer
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2012)

27 Background: Improper control of phosphorylation networks represents one of the most relevant regulator and biomarkers of cell dysfunctions leading to cancer. Surprisingly however, measuring the phosphorylation activity of kinases, and potentially monitoring the functionality of the entire kinome at once, remains largely unexplored. Specifically, a highly convenient tool for clinical applications or research purposes would be the advent of a microarray-like chip to comprehensively map phosphorylation networks. While developing such a kinase-sensing platform, we had to establish a library of probes capable of reporting on the catalytic activity of kinases. We present here strategies and results supporting such methodology. Methods: The devised kinase activity-sensing system we are currently exploiting, relies on peptide probes that act as beacons to evaluate enzymes functionality, which emit distinctive signals before and after (de-)phosphorylation. As presented below, computational and molecular biology methods were used to create and test such (phospho-)peptide sensors. Results: First, in order to use baits relevant to human cancer etiology, we created a protein and peptide repertoire from thousands of publications and &gt;30 public databases computationally curated, filtered and merged. Such library catalogues 6173 distinctive kinase-substrate active nodes and compiles 2702 unique biological kinase peptide targets that all represent latent nano-sensors usable to comprehensively track kinase signaling networks. Second, real-time kinetics, kinase inhibitor and dilution experiments using 5 recombinant enzymes and cell extracts in ATP consumption assays demonstrated peptide 50 probes can directly and specifically assess the functionality of kinases. A panel of 10 peptides shows that the increased presence of activated Src kinase protein in breast cancer cell extracts is related to a significantly elevated kinase activity signature. Conclusions: Biological peptides can serve as phospho-sensing probes to evaluate the activity of kinases. Our efforts will now focus on expending this approach into a functional kinomic-screening platform to map phosphorylation signatures relevant for breast cancer.
Airway smooth muscle myosin phosphatase target subunit 1 phosphorylation in allergic asthma model
Authors: Mayra Álvarez Santos, Olivuia Reynoso Ducoing, Javier Ambrosio, Blanca Bazán Perkins
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Introduction Airway smooth muscle (ASM) contraction has a crucial role in obstruction and hyperresponsiveness (AHR) in asthma. Contraction is produced by the interaction of actin and myosin and relaxation occurs by the activation of myosin light chain phosphatase (MLCP). Activation of MLCP is induced by the phosphorylation of the myosin light chain phosphatasetarget subunit 1 (MYPT1), a regulatory subunit of MLCP, at Ser-507 and Ser-668, and the inhibition by Thr-696 and Thr-853 phosphorylation. It is unknown if MYPT1 is phosphorylated during asthma in vivo. Objective We determinated the phosphorylation patterns of ASM MYPT1 in an asthma model. MethodsSensitized guinea pigs were intermittently challenged with ovalbumin (OA; applied every 10 days). At third OA challenge, the AHR and the expression of MTPY1 in ASM by two dimensional western blot were evaluated. Controls received saline solution instead of OA. Results All sensitized guinea pigs showed airway obstruction after challenges and AHR. ASM in control guinea pigs expresses 3 isoforms of MPTY1 (64, 73 and 194 Da), but only the 73 Da isoform increased its expression in an asthma model. In addition, 73 Da isoform was observed phosphorylated in Ser-507 and Ser-668 in controls and asthma model, although in the latter the expression was higher. MYPT1 was not phosphrorylated in Thr-696 and Thr-853 in controls, but was phosphorylated in asthma model. ConclusionsWe suggest that the inactivation of MYPT1 by phosphorylation of Thr-969 and Thr-853 contributes to AHR development in an asthma model in vivo.
Timothy John Goodwin
Authors: P. Goodwin
Journal: BMJ (2015)

<h3>Objectives</h3> Frequent premature ventricular contractions (FPVCs) in a structurally normal heart generally are considered as a benign condition. However, whether FPVCs have an effect on the cardiac structure and function in those “seemingly-normal” patients is not known. This study is to evaluate whether radiofrequency ablation (RFA) has any effect on cardiac structure and function in patients with idiopathic FPVCs originating from the right-ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) and with a structurally normal heart. <h3>Methods</h3> Sixty-eight patients with idiopathic RVOT FPVCs and normal heart structure and function, were enrolled in this study. Those patients were divided into three groups: RFA group, anti-arrhythmia medicine (AAM) group and control group (without any treatment). <h3>Results</h3> The basic criteria, including age, gender and PVCs history, were comparable among the three groups, except in the control group which had lower FPVC rates. Patients were closely followed-up for six months. The PVC rate was significantly reduced in RFA and AAM groups, but had no significant change in the control group. Concurrent with the increase in the FPVC rate were significant cardiac structure changes. The right atrium, right ventricle, and left ventricle were reduced significantly in the RFA and the AAM groups, but no changes were found in the control group. Further comparisons between the RFA and the AAM groups showed a greater reduction in the cardiac cavities in the RFA group. There was also a tendency of improvement in the cardiac functions in both the RFA and the AAM groups. However, the differences did not attain statistical significance. <h3>Conclusions</h3> RFA reduces the FPVC rate and cardiac cavities in patients with a structurally normal heart, which might indicate that RFA can reverse the cardiac remodeling even in the structurally normal heart.
Randomised prospective phase II study of combination chemotherapy epidoxorubicin, cisplatin, 5-FU (ECF) versus epidoxorubicin, cisplatin, capecitabin (ECX) in patients with advanced or metastatic gastric cancer
Authors: J. Ocvirk, M. Rebersek, E. Skof
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

4571 Background: In phase II studies ECF with 5- FU inf. resulted in response rates (RR) &gt; 50 %. Despite high responses the potential drawback of ECF may be the poor patient’s (pts) acceptability of the indwelling catheter and external infusion pump and related complications: sepsis, catheter-related infections, shoulder pain, thrombosis and pneumothorax. Capecitabin can maintain a constant level of 5- FU without complications and inconvenience associated with central venous access. The aim was to compare the efficacy and safety ECF versus ECX. Secondary endpoint was overall survival. Methods: Pts with histological proven, previously untreated advanced or metastatic gastric cancer, &gt;18 years, ECOG performance status 0- 2 and adequate organ and hematological function were randomized to ECF or ECX. In ECF epidoxorubicin 50 mg/m 2 and cisplatin 60 mg/m 2 were administrated on day 1 by i.v., 5- FU 200 mg/m 2 /day was administrated by cont. inf. day 1- 14 of each cycle. Cycle was repeated every 3 weeks. In ECX epidoxorubicin 50 mg/m 2 and cisplatin 60 mg/m 2 were administrated on day 1 by i.v., capecitabin 825 mg/m 2 twd was administrated orally day 1- 14. Cycle was repeated every 3 weeks. Results: Seventy- one pts were enrolled in this study between Jan 03 to Dec 05. Male 80 %, median age 56 yrs (40- 77). Thirty pts received ECF and 41 pts received ECX . All pts were assessable for responses and toxicity. The overall clinical RR were 45 % including 12.9 % partial responses (PR) and 6.4 % complete responses (CR) in ECF group and 69 % including 21.4 % PR and 4.7 % CR in ECX group. Median OS and TTP were 8.8 months (mos) ± 7.8 and 6.0 mos ± 4.4 in ECF group and 10.5 mos ± 7.2 and 7.0 mos ± 4.6 in ECX group respectively. The most frequent grade ¾ side effects graded according to CTCAE - 3 were fatigue - 20 % in ECF group and 19.5 % in ECX group, hematological (neutropenia) - 16 % in ECF group and 4.8 % in ECX group, nausea - 10 % in ECF group and 7.3 % in ECX group, diarrhea - 2.4 % in ECX group, hand- foot syndrome - 2.4 % in ECX group. Conclusions: ECX is at least effective as ECF with less toxic pattern and more convenient for pts and could replace ECF in first- line therapy in pts with advanced or metastatic gastric cancer. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Serum IL-33 as a diagnostic and prognostic marker in non- small cell lung cancer
Authors: Marina Petrovic, Ivan Cekerevac, Dejan Petrovic, Rada Vucic, Ivan Simic
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

AIM :  Interleukin-33 (IL-33) has recently been implicated in tumor immunity. The aim of this study was to explore the clinical role of serum IL-33 in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC).   METHODS :Sera collected from 126 healthy volunteers (HV), 148 patients with benign lung diseases (BLD) and 103 NSCLC cases were subjected to IL-33 ELISA and relationships between serum IL-33 and clinical characteristics were evaluated.   RESULTS: Circulating IL-33 levels were higher in the NSCLC group in comparison with the HV and BLD groups (p   CONCLUSIONS: IL-33 is a promising potential diagnostic and prognostic marker in NSCLC, independent of the therapeutic intervention   Key words : non-small cell lung cancer, interleukin-33, diagnostic marker, prognostic marker.
Abstract 2987: Calcium Channel Antagonists Reduce the Risk of Stroke in Patients with Hypertension and Coronary Artery Disease: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Sripal Bangalore, Stacy Vragel, Gurusher Panjrath, Sanobar Parkar, Franz H Messerli
Journal: Circulation (2006)

Background: Antihypertensives including calcium channel antagonists, have been shown to be very efficacious in lowering BP and reducing the risk of stroke in patients at high risk. However, the rol...
The effects of heated humidification in patients on non-invasive ventilation (NIV) for acute respiratory failure
Authors: Diana Hart, Conor O'Dochartaigh, Susan Beaumont-Orr, Joanne Lorimer
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Background: During NIV patient airways experience high pressures and flows of dry gas.This,combined with an already compromised airway causes drying of the upper airway muscosa and may lead to loss of comfort,dry mouth,nose, and throat and nasal congestion.

Objective: To determine whether heated humidification (HH) improves patient comfort and alleviates the side effects of NIV in acute respiratory failure.

Method: Patients with type 2 respiratory failure caused by an exacerbation of COPD or Obesity Hypoventilation Syndrome requiring NIV were randomised to an open -label,parallel study to receive 4 hour 'washout' period of NIV ,followed by 8 hrs of NIV with either heated humidification (HH) or without heated humidification (No HH). Patient comfort (visual analogue scale) ,facial skin temperatures inside and outside of the mask were measured and a NIV side effects questionnaire were completed.

Results: 33 patients were recruited to the study and data was obtained for 31,15 in the HH group and 16 in the No HH group.There was no significant difference in the change in comfort scores,from the end of the washout NIV to 8 hours of treatment NIV,between HH and No HH groups.However at 4 hours of treatment HH was significantly less comfortable (p=0.01).For facial skin temperatures,the difference between body temperature and chin temperature was significantly lower in the HH group compared to the No HH group(mean difference 3.2 C for HH and 5.4 C for No HH;P=0.03,indicating that facial skin temperatures within the mask were higher with HH.

Conclusion: Using HH during NIV increases facial skin temperatures within the mask which had a varying effect on patient comfort.
Do we treat different COPD patients depending on the guideline we use
Authors: Silvia Alvarez, Xavier Flor, Laia Lamarca, M. Mar Fraga, M. Victoria Feijoo, Cristina Fernández
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

INTRODUCTION  In Spain, since2012 we have2 different guidelines (GOLD and GesEPOC)which classifies and treats COPD patients from two distinc points of view.  MAIN OBJECTIVES:  1. 1. To evaluate the time needed to implement both guidelines  2. 2.To asses the concordance in treatment and severity between guidelines  3. 3.To asses the concordance between the baseline treatment and guidelines recommendations  METHODS  Cross-sectional multicentric study from Barcelona, in 6 Primary Care (PC) centers. 400 COPD patients.Both GOLD and GesEPOC guidelines were administered to all the patients collecting the following data: time needed to implement the guides, socio-demographic, comorbidities,COPD classification and severity,patients9 current treatment and guidelines recommendations. To avoid bias, patients were randomised into which guideline should be first administered.Descriptive and bivariant analysis was made with Chi-square and t-Student tests. Kappa index was calculated for establishing concordance between guidelines.  RESULT  400 patients enrolled the study. Mean age 70,81years (SD9,88). 86,6%were men. FEV1 post 61,40%(SD17,83). 91,1%have comorbidities. GOLD: A45,2%, B23,9% ,C6,9% and D23,9%. GesEPOC: A72,3%, B11,4%, C4,5% and D11,2%.Mean time for GOLD6,4min (SD2,68) and GesEPOC 6,68min (SD3,24)(p=0,095). 68,6%have mild/moderate disease with GOLD whereas in GesEPOC90,69%(K:0,2).The baseline treatment was the same as recommend by GOLD in 60,36%(K:0,46) while in GesEPOC 53%(K:0,35). About 71% of the treatments match between guidelines(K:0,57)  CONCLUSIONs  Both guidelines can be administered in PC in terms of time, but they do not classify and asses severity equally. They do not always recommend the same treatment.
Training overseas doctors in the United Kingdom
Authors: C. Welsh
Journal: BMJ (2000)

The authors study two characteristics found to be associated with reduced financial advisor misconduct: gender and professional designations. Their findings suggest that consumer guidelines are helpful in avoiding adverse advisor experiences. These guidelines can be especially valuable given the advisory market’s absence of clear, uniform standards to assess financial advisory professionals. The authors find that female advisors are statistically less likely to engage in misconduct. In addition, they find that female advisors with a Certified Financial Planner (CFP) or Chartered Financial Consultant (ChFC) designation are less likely to exhibit disclosed misconduct as compared to male and female advisors who have at least one of the CFP, ChFC, or Chartered Financial Analyst designations. Their findings offer another powerful reason why attracting women to the industry is important and why advanced financial planning training may improve consumer outcomes. <b>TOPICS:</b>Wealth management, in wealth management, legal/regulatory/public policy
Computer-administered cognitive-behavioral therapy for depression
Authors: P M Selmi, M H Klein, J H Greist, S P Sorrell, H P Erdman
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1990)

The authors evaluated a six-session interactive computer cognitive-behavioral treatment program given to volunteer patients who met Research Diagnostic Criteria (RDC) for major or minor depressive disorder. Patients were randomly assigned to computer-administered cognitive-behavioral treatment, to therapist-administered cognitive-behavioral treatment, or to a waiting-list control condition. After treatment and at 2-month follow-up, both treatment groups had improved significantly more than control subjects in their scores on the Beck Depression Inventory, SCL-90-R depression and global scales, Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression, and Automatic Thoughts Questionnaire. The treatment groups did not differ from each other at either time.
Effects of non invasive ventilation on left and right hemodynamic parameters during acute respiratory failure secondary to COPD exacerbation
Authors: Baldassare Canino, Vincenzo Calandrino, Caterina Urso, Roaul Aiello, Rosalia Lo Presti, Gregorio Caimi
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Non Invasive Ventilation (NIV) is a technique used in different forms of acute respiratory failure that allows the patient to provide a full or partial ventilatory support without intubation. NIV has obvious effects on lung mechanics, but the changes that brings to the pulmonary vascular circulation, and to the right and left ventricle are more less investigated. Based on this assumption, we studied 32 patients (18 men, 14 women, mean age 72.0 ± 7.5 years) with respiratory failure secondary to COPD exacerbation who required NIV and we submitted to transthoracic echocardiography at the admission and at the resolution of respiratory failure. We have therefore shown that NIV not only has positive outcomes on right ventricular function (reduction of Pulmonary Insufficiency, Tricuspid Regurgitation, and four-chambers Right Ventricolar Systolic and Diastolic Areas and short-axis Diameters with secondary improving of Tricuspid Annular Plane Systolic Excursion), but had a statistical positive effect also on left ventricular function (Ejection Fraction increase, p
Assault experiences of 100 psychiatric inpatients: evidence of the need for routine inquiry
Authors: Andrea Jacobson, Bonnie Richardson
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1987)

The authors obtained complete histories of all experiences of being physically or sexually assaulted from 100 psychiatric inpatients, using a structured interview with well-defined assault scales and a detailed inquiry into circumstances surrounding the assault. The majority (81%) of patients had experienced major physical and/or sexual assault. The circumstances associated with the assaults, the patients' perceptions of the effects of the assaults, and previous therapists' lack of awareness of the assaults are discussed. On the basis of these findings the authors recommend routine inquiry into patients' assault history.
Disclosure of child sexual abuse
Authors: B Harrington, P Cullen
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Editor—In the recent ethical debate on child sexual abuse an allegation of a serious criminal offence was made in a situation of assumed confidentiality.1 Revealed child abuse (physical or sexual) is rarely an isolated occurrence, and perpetrators tend to escalate their activities with time.2 Sexual abuse of children is a personality disorder which does not spontaneously resolve and is refractory to intervention.3 If these allegations are true, other children may have been or may still be being abused. 

Medical training inculcates an ability to make decisions. This can create an expectation of making a decision when it may be inappropriate for the decision to be made by an individual doctor. A fundamental tenet of child abuse work is to share information. Indeed, the Children Act makes this a duty.4 One person may be unaware of all the information. David is not in a position to make a decision not to proceed. Immediate medical and social work colleagues would be his first points of reference and, thereafter, the trust’s medical director (who will have access to legal advice) and his defence society. 

If abuse to others occurred after the date of this woman’s disclosure and was uncovered and it then became known that David had had this information, it is not certain how a judge or the General Medical Council would regard a choice of maintaining confidentiality. Would a victim be able to sue the professor for placing confidentiality ahead of a future victim’s physical and psychological safety? 

What of the woman’s best interests? It is difficult to take life decisions which are for the best in the long term but which will precipitate extreme short term difficulties. She has bulimia, and the prospects of resolving this without addressing the underlying psychodynamics are poor. Her main obstacle to disclosure is the real fear of further psychological difficulties. Victims of child abuse need help in coming to full disclosure. Did David inform her of the support and therapeutic options which could help her to cope and recover after disclosure? 

He should meet this woman again to see if she has altered her views. If she has not, he should explain why he has to make disclosure. He should tell her how he intends to address her needs and liaise with her general practitioner.