tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Lumbar Plexopathy Caused by Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation
Authors: Donald H. Gilden
Journal: JAMA (1977)

GENERALIZED sepsis and disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) developed in a 26-year-old woman who had a long history of regional enteritis and granulomatous colitis. During bleeding into the retroperitoneal space, which necessitated repeated blood transfusions, acute bilateral femoral and obturator neuropathy developed. The neuropathy slowly resolved during the next six months. Although femoral neuropathy and lumbar plexopathy caused by various hemorrhagic disorders have been described,<sup>1</sup>to our knowledge, this is only the second report of neuropathy and the first of bilateral lumbar plexus involvement caused by DIC. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 26-year-old woman with a ten-year history of regional enteritis and granulomatous colitis had multiple fistulas and abscesses that required drainage. In 1974 she had had a hemicolectomy, with a colostomy stoma placed in the left upper quadrant and a long rectal pouch left in place. Medications thereafter were furosemide, 80 mg daily; corticotropin, 40 units twice weekly; atropine-diphenoxylate
Tumor suppressor MDA-7/IL-24 selectively inhibits vascular smooth muscle cell growth and migration
Authors: Jiyuan Chen, Sunil Chada, Abner Mhashilkar, Joseph M Miano
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2003)

Abnormalities in smooth muscle cell (SMC) proliferation and differentiation underlie the pathogenesis of proliferative vascular diseases. MDA-7 (HUGO approved symbol IL24) is a unique gene, originally identified as a tumor suppressor and more recently shown to have cytokine activity. MDA-7/IL24 has been implicated in apoptosis and cellular differentiation in tumor cells and in tumor invasion/metastasis in clinical specimens-properties central to SMC remodeling during proliferative vascular diseases. In this study, we evaluated the effects of overexpressing MDA-7/IL24 in various SMC: the apparently "normal" rat PAC1 cell line, primary human coronary artery SMC, and normal rat aortic SMC. We transduced SMC with adenovirus-mda7 (Ad-mda7) or control virus (Ad-Luc) and assessed cell viability, apoptosis, and migration. Ad-mda7 suppressed PAC1 cell growth in a dose-dependent manner while having no effect on normal primary human coronary artery cells or rat aortic SMC, despite strong expression of the MDA-7 transgene in all SMC. Similarly, Ad-mda7 treatment induced apoptosis in PAC1 cells with essentially no effect on normal coronary and rat aortic SMC. Ad-mda7 also inhibited serum-stimulated PAC1 cell migration. Karyotype analysis of PAC1 cells revealed that they exhibit multiple chromosomal aberrations. Importantly, recombinant MDA-7 did not elicit cell death or STAT-3 activation in PAC1 SMC, suggesting that the effects of Ad-mda7 were mediated through an intracellular pathway. These data demonstrate that Ad-mda7 exhibits selectivity in apoptosis induction and growth suppression in an atypical SMC line, raising new questions pertaining to heterogeneity in SMC death susceptibility.
Long-Acting Bronchodilation with Once-Daily Dosing of Tiotropium (Spiriva) in Stable Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: MICHAEL R. LITTNER, JONATHAN S. ILOWITE, DONALD P. TASHKIN, MITCHELL FRIEDMAN, CHARLES W. SERBY, SHAILENDRA S. MENJOGE, THEODORE J. WITEK
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2000)

Tiotropium (Spiriva; Ba679BR) is a new-generation, long-acting anticholinergic bronchodilator that has muscarinic M1 and M3 receptor subtype selectivity. A multicenter, randomized, double-blind, parallel group, placebo-controlled study was conducted to evaluate the dose–response characteristics of tiotropium inhalation powder given once daily to stable patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Patients (mean FEV1 = 1.08 L [42% predicted]) were randomized to receive 0, 4.5, 9, 18, or 36 μ g tiotropium once daily at noon for 4 wk, with spirometry done before and hourly for 6 h after dosing. Patients measured and recorded their peak expiratory flow rates (PEFRs) three times each day. Significant dose-related improvement in FEV1 and significant improvement in FVC occurred within 1 h after the first dose of tiotropium as compared with placebo. Over the 29 d of the study, all doses of tiotropium produced significant increases over placebo in trough (i.e., as measured spirometrically at 20 to 24 h after the previous dose and just before the next dose of tiotropium), peak, and 6-h postdose average FEV1 and FVC, and in PEFR, without a significant difference among the different doses investigated. PEFR gradually returned to pretreatment baseline levels over a 3-wk evaluation period following the discontinuation of tiotropium. The overall safety profile for the tiotropium doses was similar to that for placebo. In summary, tiotropium was shown to be safe and effective in doses ranging from 4.5 to 36 μ g delivered once daily. The improvements in spirometry with once-daily dosing confirm the long duration of action of tiotropium reported in single-dose studies, and its sustained improvement of spirometric measures over the 1 mo of testing in the study points to utility of tiotropium as a maintenance bronchodilator for patients with COPD. On the basis of the comparable bronchodilator response at doses from 9 to 36 μ g, and advantages suggested by the safety profile at doses below 36 μ g in this study, a dose of 18 μ g once daily was selected for use in long-term studies of the safety and efficacy of tiotropium.
New Leg Holder Securing a Perfect Lithotomy Posture Without Assistants.
Authors: WILLIS W. DEAN
Journal: JAMA (1900)

The crutch here represented is made of light gauge bicycle tubing of various sizes, which telescope one within the other both when adjusted and when packed for transportation. It consists essentially of a cross-bar made in three separate pieces, each twelve inches long, the two outer and larger pieces telescoping the center one, working on it with a sliding motion, and capable of being fixed at any required length by set-screws. It also has two bands or half circles, also adjusted by set-screws, that slide on the cross-bar, and fix the thighs at any required angle from the body. Into each end of the bands are eyelets to which is attached the strap that passes over the shoulders. When in working order, the cross-bar will be under the knees, and the bands around the inner portion of the thigh immediately above the knees. This will give any position desired, and
Leukocyte Profiles Differ Between Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes and Are Associated With Metabolic Phenotypes: Results From the German Diabetes Study (GDS)
Authors: Barbara Menart-Houtermans, Ruth Rütter, Bettina Nowotny, Joachim Rosenbauer, Chrysi Koliaki, Sabine Kahl, Marie-Christine Simon, Julia Szendroedi, Nanette C. Schloot, Michael Roden
Journal: Diabetes Care (2014)

OBJECTIVE Altered immune reactivity precedes and accompanies type 1 and type 2 diabetes. We hypothesized that the metabolic phenotype relates to the systemic cellular immune status. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A total of 194 metabolically well-controlled patients with type 1 diabetes (n = 62, mean diabetes duration 1.29 years) or type 2 diabetes (n = 132, 1.98 years) and 60 normoglycemic persons underwent blood sampling for automated white blood cell counting (WBC) and flow cytometry. Whole-body insulin sensitivity was measured with hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp tests. RESULTS Patients with type 2 diabetes had higher WBC counts than control subjects along with a higher percentage of T cells and activated T helper (Th) and cytotoxic T (Tc) cells but lower proportions of natural killer (NK) cells. In type 1 diabetes, the percentage of activated Th and Tc cells was also higher compared with control subjects, whereas the ratio of regulatory T (Treg) cells to activated Th cells was lower, suggesting diminished regulatory capacity. Parameters of glycemic control related positively to Treg cells only in type 2 diabetes. Upon age, sex, and body mass adjustments, insulin sensitivity correlated positively with monocytes, while circulating lipids correlated positively with T cell subsets in type 1 diabetes. CONCLUSIONS Immune cell phenotypes showed distinct frequencies of occurrence in both diabetes types and associate with insulin sensitivity, glycemia, and lipidemia.
Functional capacity in children and young adults with sickle cell disease undergoing evaluation for cardiopulmonary disease
Authors: Robert I. Liem, Mary A. Nevin, Adrienne Prestridge, Luciana T. Young, Alexis A. Thompson
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2009)

Although cardiopulmonary disease is associated with decreased functional capacity among adults with sickle cell disease (SCD), its impact on functional capacity in children with SCD is unknown. We evaluated 6-min walk (6MW) distance in 77 children and young adults with SCD undergoing screening for cardiopulmonary disease. Of 30 subjects who also underwent cardiopulmonary exercise testing, we found evidence for decreased exercise capacity in a significant proportion. Exercise capacity was related to baseline degree of anemia and was significantly lower in subjects with a history of recurrent acute chest syndrome. We found that 6MW distance adjusted for weight and body surface area was shorter in subjects with restrictive lung disease but that only 6MW adjusted for weight remained significantly shorter when we controlled for baseline hemoglobin. Exercise capacity was not significantly different in subjects with and without cardiopulmonary disease. We conclude that restrictive lung disease is associated with shorter 6MW distances in children and young adults with SCD, but that variables associated with decreased exercise capacity, other than anemia, remain unclear. Our study underscores the importance of further delineating the direct pathophysiologic processes that contribute to decreased exercise capacity observed among individuals with SCD and cardiopulmonary disease.
BMA chairman warns against quick fixes BMA responds to Commission on Social Justice Labour party will not rule out private finance for health
Authors: L. Beecham
Journal: BMJ (1996)

# BMA chairman warns against quick fixes {#article-title-2}

“We cannot go on meeting each succeeding crisis with quick fix expedients which merely displace the pain and strain elsewhere,” Dr Sandy Macara told the BMA's representative body at the beginning of its annual meeting this week. The chairman of council was referring to the “perilous parody” of pretending that providers could be expected to make efficiency savings year on year without disaster striking.

Dr Macara said that 3% was no trifling sum and the cumulative effects of the imposition of such cunningly concealed cuts could not be denied any longer. “We cannot go on doing more and more work for more and more patients with less and less resources,” he said. The system was condemning the clinical winners to becoming the financial losers.

The present situation had been described as shuffling the deckchairs on the Titanic. The ship of state—the NHS—needed to change course and after the health minister's listening tour of general practice Dr Macara wondered if the government would now listen to other groups. Would it listen to general practitioners' judgment about core services? Would it listen to the juniors' concerns about the failure to fund the proposals in the Calman report on specialist training? Would it listen to consultants' complaints about their burgeoning workload? Would it listen to the sound of their exodus as they jostled for early retirement? Would it listen to the beleaguered clinical academics? Would it listen to the cries of public health physicians incarcerated in the purchasing prison?

The last two annual meetings had supported the chairman's call …
THE USE OF ADHESIVE PLASTER
Authors: George F. Beasley
Journal: JAMA (1925)

The result of a series of personal accidents during the last two years has taught me that we have not been using adhesive plaster, that important adjuvant of our armamentarium, in some cases, in the proper manner, but have followed along the lines laid down by our predecessors, in spite of the protestations of our suffering patients. While crossing a street, I was struck by an automobile, fortunately going slow, the fender catching the back of my left leg. I was thrown forward and to the right; my right foot caught in the groove of the street railway track, and I went down on my right side. I immediately got up, gave my legs a tryout and found I could walk, but my foot felt numb. I managed to walk home, a distance of four squares. The leg and foot began to swell. The foot was strapped and looked all
Safety and Preliminary Evidence of Biologic Efficacy of a Mammaglobin-A DNA Vaccine in Patients with Stable Metastatic Breast Cancer
Authors: Venkataswarup Tiriveedhi, Natalia Tucker, John Herndon, Lijin Li, Mark Sturmoski, Matthew Ellis, Cynthia Ma, Michael Naughton, A. Craig Lockhart, Feng Gao, Timothy Fleming, Peter Goedegebuure, Thalachallour Mohanakumar, William E. Gillanders
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Purpose: Mammaglobin-A (MAM-A) is overexpressed in 40% to 80% of primary breast cancers. We initiated a phase I clinical trial of a MAM-A DNA vaccine to evaluate its safety and biologic efficacy. Experimental Design: Patients with breast cancer with stable metastatic disease were eligible for enrollment. Safety was monitored with clinical and laboratory assessments. The CD8 T-cell response was measured by ELISPOT, flow cytometry, and cytotoxicity assays. Progression-free survival (PFS) was described using the Kaplan–Meier product limit estimator. Results: Fourteen subjects have been treated with the MAM-A DNA vaccine and no significant adverse events have been observed. Eight of 14 subjects were HLA-A2+, and the CD8 T-cell response to vaccination was studied in detail. Flow cytometry demonstrated a significant increase in the frequency of MAM-A–specific CD8 T cells after vaccination (0.9% ± 0.5% vs. 3.8% ± 1.2%; P &amp;lt; 0.001), and ELISPOT analysis demonstrated an increase in the number of MAM-A–specific IFNγ-secreting T cells (41 ± 32 vs. 215 ± 67 spm; P &amp;lt; 0.001). Although this study was not powered to evaluate progression-free survival (PFS), preliminary evidence suggests that subjects treated with the MAM-A DNA vaccine had improved PFS compared with subjects who met all eligibility criteria, were enrolled in the trial, but were not vaccinated because of HLA phenotype. Conclusion: The MAM-A DNA vaccine is safe, capable of eliciting MAM-A–specific CD8 T-cell responses, and preliminary evidence suggests improved PFS. Additional studies are required to define the potential of the MAM-A DNA vaccine for breast cancer prevention and/or therapy. Clin Cancer Res; 20(23); 5964–75. ©2014 AACR.
AMINO ACIDS AND HEMOGLOBIN PRODUCTION IN ANEMIA
Authors: G. H. Whipple, F. S. Robscheit-Robbins
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1940)

Certain individual amino acids when given to standard anemic dogs cause an increase in new hemoglobin production. Occasional negative experiments are recorded. Glycine, glutamic acid, aspartic acid, cystine, histidine, phenylalanine, and proline when given in 1 gm. doses daily for 2 weeks, increase hemoglobin output on the average 23 to 25 gm. above the control level. This reaction amounts to 25 to 30 per cent of the new hemoglobin produced by the feeding of 300 gm. liver daily for 2 weeks-a standard liver test. Alanine, valine, isoleucine, and arginine in the same dosage increase the hemoglobin output on the average 13 to 17 gm. per 2 weeks over the control level. Leucine, methionine, lysine, tryptophane, and tyrosine fall in a middle group with hemoglobin output of about 20 gm. Isovaleric acid, beta-hydroxybutyric acid, glutaric acid, and asparagine have shown positive effects and the butyrate is unusually potent for hemoglobin production (Table 2). The isomeric and dl-synthetic forms of the amino acids are as effectively utilized in this reaction as are the natural forms.
Married Women Consultants
Authors: C. M. Illingworth
Journal: BMJ (1974)

Married Women Consultants SnI,-In all the letters and discussion about 10-session contracts for consultants and whether or not private practice should be allowed I have seen no mention of maried women consultanir who, like my- self, elect to do maximum part-tmne work not to do private practice but so that they can have a modest amounit of
Four different mutations in codon 28 of alpha spectrin are associated with structurally and functionally abnormal spectrin alpha I/74 in hereditary elliptocytosis.
Authors: T L Coetzer, K Sahr, J Prchal, H Blacklock, L Peterson, R Koler, J Doyle, J Manaster, J Palek
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1991)

Hereditary elliptocytosis (HE) Sp alpha I/74 is a disorder associated with defective spectrin (Sp) heterodimer self-association and an abnormal tryptic cleavage of the 80-kD alpha I domain of Sp resulting in increased amounts of a 74-kD peptide. The molecular basis of this disorder is heterogeneous and mutations in codons 28, 46, 48, and 49 (codons 22, 40, 42, and 43 in the previous nomenclature which did not include the six NH2-terminal amino acids) have been reported. In this study we present data on seven unrelated HE Sp alpha I/74 kindred from diverse racial backgrounds in whom we identified four different mutations all occurring in exon 2 of alpha Sp at codon 28. Utilizing the polymerase chain reaction we established a CGT----CTT; Arg----Leu 28 mutation in one kindred of Arab/Druze origin. In two unrelated white kindred of English/European origin the substitution is CGT----AGT; Arg----Ser 28 and in two apparently unrelated white kindred from New Zealand, the mutation is CGT----TGT; Arg----Cys 28. Finally, in one American black kindred and in a black kindred from Ghana the mutation involves CGT----CAT; Arg----His 28. Allele specific oligonucleotide hybridization confirmed that the probands are heterozygous for the respective mutant alleles. All four point mutations abolished an Aha II restriction enzyme site which allowed verification of linkage of the mutation with HE Sp alpha I/74. Our results imply that codon 28 of alpha Sp is a "hot spot" for mutations and also indicate that Arg 28 is critical for the conformational stability and functional self association of Sp heterodimers.
Nanoparticle delivery of stable miR-199a-5p agomir improves the osteogenesis of human mesenchymal stem cells via the HIF1a pathway
Authors: Xiao Chen, Shen Gu, Bi-Feng Chen, Wei-Liang Shen, Zi Yin, Guo-Wei Xu, Jia-Jie Hu, Ting Zhu, Gang Li, Chao Wan, Hong-Wei Ouyang, Tin-Lap Lee, Wai-Yee Chan
Journal: Biomaterials (2015)
Longitudinal erythronychia with distal subungual keratosis: onychopapilloma of the nail bed and Bowen’s disease
Authors: R. Baran, C. Perrin
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2000)

We biopsied longitudinal erythronychia in 16 subjects, and found an onychopapilloma in 14 cases and Bowen's disease in the remaining two. Shared clinical features in addition to erythronychia (or sometimes an interrupted line made up of splinter haemorrhages) were typically a longitudinal marked ridge of the nail bed expanded at the distal nail bed as subungual keratosis, and associated localized onycholysis. The presentation of Bowen's disease in this pattern has not been previously reported. In all cases of onychopapilloma of the nail bed, acanthosis and papillomatosis were evident, and were associated with a keratogenous zone identical to the nail matrix. In addition, we found multinucleate giant cells in two onychopapillomas. We have therefore suggested that the term 'localized, distal, subungual keratosis with multinucleate cells' should be replaced by 'onychopapilloma' (nail-producing papilloma).
Skin test evaluation in nonimmediate allergic reactions to penicillins
Authors: M.‐J. Torres, E. Sánchez‐Sabaté, J. Álvarez, C. Mayorga, J. Fernández, A. Padial, J.‐A. Cornejo‐García, T. Bellón, M. Blanca
Journal: Allergy (2004)

Background: Nonimmediate reactions (NIR) to aminopenicillins (AP) are frequent. Although patch testing (PT) and intradermal testing (IT) are used for diagnosis, comparative results have never been adequately performed. We compared PT and IT in subjects with NIR to AP. Methods: Twenty‐one subjects with NIR to AP and positive IT were re‐evaluated. Skin tests were performed with amoxicillin (AX) and ampicillin (AM) at different concentrations in petrolatum, 50, 25, and 5% w/w, for PT and in saline, 20, 2, and 0.2 mg/ml for both PT and IT. Skin biopsies from the site of the positive response were studied with haematoxylin–eosin and immunohistochemistry. Results: In the re‐evaluation, one case was IT and PT negative and was excluded; 20 were IT positive and 18 PT positive for both AX and AM. Decreasing concentrations of AP induced a reduction in positivity in both methods when diluted in saline, but not when mixed in petrolatum (PT only). With both PT and IT, immunohistochemical studies showed a perivascular mononuclear infiltrate with CD4 and CD8 memory cells expressing perforin and granzyme B. Conclusions: Both tests appear valuable for the diagnosis of NIR to AP. However, IT diagnosed more patients than PT. The vehicle (saline or petrolatum) had no influence on the response, although in the former the concentration was critical. The immunohistochemical analysis showed skin infiltrates compatible with a T‐cell drug reaction.
1215 PERSISTENCE OF NS5A GS-5885 DRUG RESISTANCE MUTATIONS FOLLOWING 3 DAYS OF MONOTHERAPY IN GENOTYPE-1 HCV PATIENTS IS DEPENDENT ON THE HCV SUBTYPE AND SPECIFIC MUTATION
Authors: K.A. Wong, A. Worth, D.M. Brainard, E. Lawitz, M.D. Miller, H. Mo
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)
A macrophage tumor cell line and plasminogen activator. A potential model system for macrophage regulation of enzyme production.
Authors: J A Hamilton, P Ralph, M A Moore
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1978)

The macrophage cell line, RAW264.10, synthesizes and secretes plasminogen activator. Production of this enzyme is inhibited by low concentrations of glucocorticoids and increased by phorbol myristate acetate. It is proposed that this line could be a suitable model for the regulation of enzyme synthesis by mouse peritoneal macrophages.
Transverse Presentation of Fetus
Authors: Carl E. Johnson
Journal: JAMA (1964)

Transverse presentation of the fetus is an uncommon complication of pregnancy, but when it is present, it is often associated with conditions which make vaginal delivery hazardous for both fetus and mother. Cesarean section has greatly reduced the fetal mortality as has also the judicious use of external version and subsequent vaginal delivery in selected cases. The use of internal podalic version and breech extraction carries a much greater risk, particularly to the fetus, and is reserved mainly for delivery of the patient who arrives at the hospital with near complete dilation in the management of which external version is unsuccessful, and for the patient with a dead fetus. Presence of the transverse presentation should alert the obstetrician to the possibility of cephalopelvic disproportion, placenta previa, or low-lying placenta and uterine tumor or abnormality.
Psychiatry in the United States and the USSR: A Comparison
Authors: MARTIN G. ALLEN
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1973)

On the basis of personal observations made during a recent tour of the Soviet Union and on an investigation of the literature on Soviet psychiatry, the author presents a brief description of psychiatry in the USSR, a comparison of the Soviet and American systems of psychiatry, and a discussion of the advantages and disadvantages of each system.
718 DIETARY MONOSODIUM GLUTAMATE EXACERBATES TRANS FAT-INDUCED NONALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE
Authors: K. Collison, Z. Maqbool, S. Saleh, A. Inglis, N. Makhoul, R. Bakheet, M. Al-Johi, R. Al-Rabiah, M. Zaidi, F. Al-Mohanna
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)