tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Diarrhea at the Olympics.
Authors: R. J. Dickson, H. F. Kirkpatrick
Journal: BMJ (1968)

Diarrhoea at the Olympics SIR,-As one of the medical officers to the British athletes in Mexico City, I read with interest your leading article on " Diarrhoea at the Olympics " (12 October, p. 69).At the Rome, Tokio, and here at the Mexico Olympics we have given the British athletes prophylactically one tablet of Streptotriad twice daily, starting two days before arrival.The number of cases of diarrhoea has been negligible.This is very gratifying, particu- larly in Mexico City, where " travellers' diarrhoea " is so prevalent.-Iam, etc.,
Suppression of angiogenesis, tumor growth, and metastasis by adenovirus-mediated gene transfer of human angiotensinogen
Authors: Céline Bouquet, Noël Lamandé, Marcus Brand, Jean-Marie Gasc, Betsy Jullienne, Gabrielle Faure, Franck Griscelli, Paule Opolon, Elisabeth Connault, Michel Perricaudet, Pierre Corvol
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

Angiogenesis is essential for tumor growth and metastatic dissemination. We have previously shown that human angiotensinogen (AGT) can in vitro inhibit endothelial cell proliferation and migration, capillary-like tube formation, and neovascularization. To determine whether AGT can exert an antitumoral effect through its antiangiogenic properties, we constructed a recombinant adenovirus carrying the human angiotensinogen gene under the control of the cytomegalovirus promoter (AdAGT). In vitro studies showed that AdAGT selectively inhibited endothelial cell proliferation. In vivo, injections of AdAGT into preestablished human MDA-MB-231 mammary carcinomas in nude mice inhibited tumor growth by 70% compared to controls, with 21% total regression. This effect was associated with the suppression of intratumoral vascularization and marked necrosis. Furthermore, in vitroAdAGT infection of MDA-MB-231 and murine melanoma B16F10 cells strongly blocked their in vivo tumorigenicity. Then, in mice expressing high levels of AGT (i.e., either iv injected with AdAGT or HuAGT transgenic mice), the number of B16F10 pulmonary metastases was 85% lower than in control C57BL/6 mice. Our data demonstrate that AGT is a very potent antiangiogenic factor in vivo, independent of angiotensin II generation. Its delivery by gene transfer represents a promising new strategy to block primary tumor growth and to prevent metastasis.
Xeroradiography of a Pre-Columbian Mummy
Authors: S. Heinemann
Journal: JAMA (1974)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> An amateur archaeologist, knowing of my interest in pre-Columbian studies, gave me a mummy (Fig 1) that had been recovered from a cave southwest of the city of Durango, Mexico, preserved by burial in bat guano. The mummy had been previously x-rayed and exhibited locally. The mummy was from the Chalchihuites culture, and is 1,000 years old, plus or minus 350 years. The mummy is a child, 32 cm in length, in the flexed position, with the head in marked dorsi-extension. The abdominal cavity is sunken and the knees are flexed within it to below the diaphragm. Hands are present. Only one foot is present. Xeroradiography (Fig 2) showed a female child, age 3 to 3 1/2 years, with hydrocephalus. In the left lower thorax, an amorphous mass was best defined by the xeroradiographs as less dense in contrast to the bone. Microscopic examination of the material
Case 28-1963
Authors: Farahe Maloof, Oliver Cope
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1963)

Presentation of CaseA fifty-two-year-old woman was referred to the hospital for treatment of attacks of headache and palpitation.Four and a half years before entry and six weeks after a cholecystectomy the patient experienced the first of numerous episodes of violent headache, pressure sensations in the head, pallor and coldness, palpitation, discomfort in the chest and patchy loss of vision. The episodes lasted from a few minutes to over an hour and initially occurred several times daily, but on occasion two or three weeks elapsed between the spells. Sometimes she had an attack only once in one or two . . .
Draft bill sets out how courts should weed out unreliable expert witnesses
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2011)

New legislation to help judges weed out unreliable expert evidence and cut the number of miscarriages of justice in England and Wales has been recommended by the Law Commission, the government’s official law reform body.

The commission, headed by an appeal court judge, says there is a pressing need for the law to be beefed up after at least 11 wrongful convictions in the past eight years caused by or involving unreliable expert evidence.

Several of the miscarriages of justice cited—including “shaken baby” cases and the convictions of mothers Sally Clark and Angela Cannings for murdering their babies, which were later quashed on appeal—rested on evidence from medical experts.

Although the …
Total body potassium and chronic renal failure.
Authors: Y K Seedat
Journal: BMJ (1972)

glands are cholinergic and show muscarinic characteristics.They are therefore blocked by muscarinic antagonists such as atropine but are quite unaffected by alpha blockers.The second point arises from the state- ment that noradrenaline is without direct effect on the myocardium.Although the spectrum of agonist activity of noradren- aline is predominantly alpha it does exhibit some beta activity, and therefore it is false to imagine the myocardium immune from the actions of noradrenaline.-Iam, etc.,
Locoregional Recurrence with Breast Conservation Surgery and Radiotherapy after Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy.
Authors: S. Lee, K. Shin
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Purpose; Breast conservation surgery (BCS) and radiotherapy(RT) after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NEO) has concerns of high locoregional recurrence (LRR) rates. This analysis was done to know LRR rates and the variables increasing LRRs.Patients and Methods; 242 breast cancer patients treated with BCS and RT after NEO between 2001 and 2006 were included in this study. All patients were clinically node positive by positron emission tomography. Clinical stage at diagnosis (2003 AJCC) was IIA in 22.7%, IIB in 43.0%, IIIA in 33.5% and IIIB in 0.8% of patients. Of the patients, 51.4% received anthracycline-based NEO, 34.2% received a taxane, and 14.4% received anthracycline combined taxane regimen. RT was done to all patients.Results; At a median follow-up of 56 months (range, 14 - 86 months), 24 patients (9.9%) had developed LRR. Among these, 18 (7.4%) were ipsilateral breast tumor recurrences (IBTR), 2(0.8%) axilla, 3 (1.2%) supraclavicular and 5 (2.1%) internal mammary recurrences. Five-year actuarial rates of IBTR-free and LRR-free survival were 86.9% and 84.4%, respectively. Distant metastases were detected in 36 patients (14.9%). On multivariate analyses of LRR, adjuvant hormone therapy, pathological lymph node status and clinical stage were associated with higher rates of LRR. The hazard ratios for lack of hormone therapy, pathological nodal stage N2-3, and clinical stage III were 8.9 (95% CI, 3.5 to 23.1; p&amp;lt;0.0001), 4.3 (95% CI, 1.7 to 11.2; p=0.003) and 2.7 (95% CI, 1.1 to 6.5; p=0.02), respectively. 5-year actuarial LRR-free survival rate was 86.5% in patients with adjuvant hormone therapy while it was 76.8% in patients without adjuvant hormone therapy.Conclusion; BCS with RT after NEO results in acceptably low rates of IBTR and LRR in clinical node positive patients. The adjuvant hormone therapy, pathologic lymph node status and clinical stages predict higher rates of LRR. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 4120.
Abstract A28: Role of PDGF signaling during the progression of breast ductal carcinoma in situ to invasive carcinoma
Authors: Carina Strell, Janna Paulsson, Fredrik Wärnberg, Hemming Johansson, Karin Jirström, Per Hall, Arne Östman
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Breast cancer is one of the most common cancer diseases; in Sweden over 7000 women are diagnosed yearly and 1500 die from the disease. About 20 % of newly diagnosed breast cancers are ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), an early stage of breast cancer. The majority of DCIS will never become malignant but 15-20 % will proceed to invasive carcinoma and/or metastasize. Predicative markers for invasiveness are highly needed to understand which tumors will recur and to prevent over treatment. Tumor characteristics are determined by interactions between malignant cells and the microenvironment. Cancer associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are a major component of the tumor microenvironment and one important regulator of their phenotype are the PDGFs, which signal through the PDGFα and β receptors (PDGFRs). Our previous studies in invasive breast carcinoma have shown that high stromal PDGFβR expression is associated with shorter survival, particularly in pre-menopausal women. The aim of this study is to investigate the potential prognostic significance of stromal PDGFRs in the transition of breast DCIS to invasive carcinoma. We found that both PDGFRs are highly expressed in normal breast stroma, whereas DCIS displays loss of periepithelial stromal PDGFαR. In contrast, patients with a high stromal PDGFβR expression in the DCIS lesion, showed a trend for a higher risk of local recurrence or general disease. These previously un-recognized potentially differential effects of stromal PDGFαR and PDGFβR signaling in breast cancer progression is presently being further explored in animal studies and in vitro experiments. Citation Format: Carina Strell, Janna Paulsson, Fredrik Wärnberg, Hemming Johansson, Karin Jirström, Per Hall, Arne Östman. Role of PDGF signaling during the progression of breast ductal carcinoma in situ to invasive carcinoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Tumor Invasion and Metastasis; Jan 20-23, 2013; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(3 Suppl):Abstract nr A28.
Should Transesophageal Echocardiography Be Used to Guide Cardioversion?
Authors: Werner G. Daniel
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1993)

Atrial fibrillation occurs in 0.3 to 0.4 percent of the adult population,1 and its prevalence increases with age. It is found in 2 to 4 percent of people over 60 years of age,2 and in those over 75 years, a prevalence of 11.6 percent has been reported3. It has been estimated that more than 1 million Americans have atrial fibrillation4; about 80 percent of these have coexisting cardiovascular disease. As the incidence of rheumatic heart disease has declined, hypertensive and coronary heart disease, cardiac failure, and diabetes have become the predominant disorders underlying atrial fibrillation1.The mortality . . .
Ethnic and geographical variation in antiphospholipid (Hughes) syndrome
Authors: I Uthman
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2005)

Investigation of the clinical epidemiology of the antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is in its early stages. During the past 20 years, studies of antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) and APS have been made in many countries and ethno-geographical groups. aPL appear to occur in all populations studied, with some variations noted in their frequency and in the clinical complications. Environmental and genetic factors contribute to ethnic variation and susceptibility to APS and thus interethnic differences in disease patterns may be due to environmental or genetic factors, or both.
Complaints in Medicine — The Miners' Health —Macabre Postscript
Authors: John Lister
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1974)

ALTHOUGH complaints about doctors and the National Health Service tend to receive considerable publicity, a recent survey indicated that the majority of patients are fairly satisfied with their family physicians. The survey was carried out by the Consumers' Association, and the findings were reported in the association's magazine WHICH.1 From the electoral register in different parts of the country 804 people selected at random were interviewed, and 2522 others returned a postal questionary; 112 family doctors also collaborated.The survey revealed that most doctors' offices are open in the mornings and in the evenings during the week, except on . . .
A study of the total number and distribution of melanocytic naevi in a British population
Authors: C.P. Fitzsimmons, R.M. MacKie, P.D. Wilson
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1984)

Journal Article A study of the total number and distribution of melanocytic naevi in a British population Get access C.P. Fitzsimmons, C.P. Fitzsimmons Department of Dermatology, Glasgow University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar R.M. MacKie, R.M. MacKie Department of Dermatology, Glasgow University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar P.D. Wilson P.D. Wilson Department of Dermatology, Glasgow University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 111, Issue s26, 1 July 1984, Pages 9–27, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1984.tb05222.x Published: 01 July 1984
Hepatic fibrosis in rats produced by carbon tetrachloride and dimethylnitrosamine: Observations suggesting immunoassays of serum for the 75 fragment of type IV collagen are a more sensitive index of liver damage than immunoassays for the NH2-terminal propeptide of type III procollagen
Authors: Leena Ala-Kokko, Volkmar Günzler, Jan B. Hoek, Emanuel Rubin, Darwin J. Prockop
Journal: Hepatology (1992)

Liver fibrosis was induced in rats both with carbon tetrachloride and dimethylnitrosamine. Assays were performed on steady–state levels of messenger RNAs in the liver for several collagens and basement membrane components. The results indicated marked increases in the steady–state levels of messenger RNA for type I collagen, type III collagen, type IV collagen and the B2 component of laminin. In the same animals, immunoasgays were performed for serum levels of the N–terminal propeptide of type 111 procollagen and the 75 fragment of type IV collagen. The results demonstrated an increase in the serum levels of 75 fragment that occurred early and closely paralleled the increase in the steady–state levels of messenger RNA for the al(IV) chain of type IV collagen. In contrast, no signiscant increase was seen in the serum levels of the N–propeptide of type 111 procollagen. The results suggest that immunoassays for 7s fragment of type IV collagen in serum are a more sensitive index for liver cell damage and fibrosis than assays for the N–propeptide of type III procollagen. The results suggest that greater attention should be paid to assays of 75 fragments in assessing hepatic fibrosis in man. (Hepatology 1992; 16: 167-172.)
EFFICACY OF DRUG–ELUTING STENTS FOR TREATING VERY SMALL VESSEL CORONARY DISEASE: A PROPENSITY SCORE ANALYSIS
Authors: Seiji Habara, Kazushige Kadota, Koshi Miyake, Yusuke Hyodo, Naoki Saito, Suguru Otsuru, Yoshikazu Shigemoto, Daiji Hasegawa, Takeshi Tada, Hiroyuki Tanaka, Yasushi Fuku, Tsuyoshi Goto, Kazuaki Mitsudo
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Parameters for reliable results in genetic association studies in common disease
Authors: Ingrid Dahlman, Iain A. Eaves, Roman Kosoy, V. Anne Morrison, Joanne Heward, Stephen C.L. Gough, Amit Allahabadia, Jayne A. Franklyn, Jaakko Tuomilehto, Eva Tuomilehto-Wolf, Francesco Cucca, Cristian Guja, Constantin Ionescu-Tirgoviste, Helen Stevens, Philippa Carr, Sarah Nutland, Patricia McKinney, Julian P. Shield, William Wang, Heather J. Cordell, Neil Walker, John A. Todd, Patrick Concannon
Journal: Nature Genetics (2002)
218 SUPPRESSIVE EFFECTS OF ENTECAVIR ON VIRAL REPLICATION AND TUMOR PROLIFERATION IN PATIENTS WITH HEPATITIS B VIRUS-RELATED HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA
Authors: K.M. Kim, H.C. Lee, D.J. Yoo, J.H. Shim, Y.S. Lim, Y.H. Chung, Y.S. Lee, D.J. Suh
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
Outcomes of Older Patients Receiving Chronic Dialysis
Authors: Nancy G. Kutner
Journal: JAMA (1994)

To the Editor.  —Dr Ifudu and colleagues 1 have highlighted important issues regarding outcomes of patients receiving chronic dialysis in the United States. Especially important, as Drs Blagg and Fitts 2 note in their Editorial, is the need (1) to measure and monitor patients' physical functional status and (2) to address, from the outset of treatment, contributors to patients' deconditioning and inactivity.  Useful measures of functioning and well-being in ESRD patients are being developed and evaluated. 3 Ifudu et al based a large part of their discussion of functional status on data obtained with a modified Karnofsky scale, which they propose as a tool that elicits more precise information than the original scale. However, it is unclear what criteria governed the specific scores that patients received on this scale. In addition, patients were asked to describe their status on the modified scale as of 2 years before starting treatment, but
Prudent diet: effect on moderately severe hyperlipidaemia.
Authors: D B Jones, S Lousley, P Slaughter, R D Carter, J I Mann
Journal: BMJ (1982)

endotoxic properties may be related to a lipopolysaccharide fraction which has not been found in other Gram-negative bacteria.5Our patient had an initial encephalopathy with focal disturbance of the corpus striatum.Chorea is a previously unreported complication but, like other neurological dysfunctions, appears to resolve spontaneously after a protracted course.
HTLV-1 bZIP Factor Suppresses Apoptosis by Attenuating the Function of FoxO3a and Altering Its Localization
Authors: Azusa Tanaka-Nakanishi, Jun-ichirou Yasunaga, Ken Takai, Masao Matsuoka
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

As the infectious agent causing human adult T-cell leukemia (ATL), the human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) virus spreads in vivo primarily by cell-to-cell transmission. However, the factors that determine its transmission efficiency are not fully understood. The viral genome encodes the HTLV-1 bZIP factor (HBZ), which is expressed in all ATL cases and is known to promote T-cell proliferation. In this study, we investigated the hypothesis that HBZ also influences the survival of T cells. Through analyzing the transcriptional profile of HBZ-expressing cells, we learned that HBZ suppressed transcription of the proapoptotic gene Bim (Bcl2l11) and that HBZ-expressing cells were resistant to activation-induced apoptosis. Mechanistic investigations into how HBZ suppresses Bim expression revealed that HBZ perturbs the localization and function of FoxO3a, a critical transcriptional activator of the genes encoding Bim and also Fas ligand (FasL). By interacting with FoxO3a, HBZ not only attenuated DNA binding by FoxO3a but also sequestered the inactive form of FoxO3a in the nucleus. In a similar manner, HBZ also inhibited FasL transcription induced by T-cell activation. Further study of ATL cells identified other Bim perturbations by HBZ, including at the level of epigenetic alteration, histone modification in the promoter region of the Bim gene. Collectively, our results indicated that HBZ impairs transcription of the Bim and FasL genes by disrupting FoxO3a function, broadening understanding of how HBZ acts to promote proliferation of HTLV-1-infected T cells by blocking their apoptosis.
Postural changes in diastolic blood pressure and the risk of myocardial infarction: the Normative Aging Study.
Authors: D Sparrow, C P Tifft, B Rosner, S T Weiss
Journal: Circulation (1984)

To assess the relationship of postural changes in blood pressure to risk of myocardial infarction, 1359 men were followed for an average of 8.7 years. The men were participants in the Normative Aging Study, a longitudinal study of aging initiated in 1963 at the Veterans Administration Outpatient Clinic in Boston. It was found that the relationship of sitting blood pressure to the subsequent incidence of myocardial infarction was modified by a variable formed by subtracting supine from standing diastolic blood pressure (delta DBP). The effect of sitting diastolic blood pressure on risk of myocardial infarction was confined primarily to men with a delta DBP of 10 mm Hg or more. The effect of sitting systolic blood pressure on risk of myocardial infarction was apparent in all categories of delta DBP (less than 1, 1 to 9, greater than or equal to 10 mm Hg), but the gradient of risk became stronger with increasing levels of delta DBP. The modifying influence of delta DBP remained even when standard coronary risk factors were included in multivariate analyses. These findings suggest a relationship of vascular responsiveness to risk of subsequent myocardial infarction and may have clinical utility.
Multi‐centre experience on the use of perhexiline in chronic heart failure and refractory angina: old drug, new hope
Authors: Thanh Trung Phan, Ganesh Nallur Shivu, Anirban Choudhury, Khalid Abozguia, Chris Davies, Ulasini Naidoo, Ibrar Ahmed, Zaheer Yousef, John Horowitz, Michael Frenneaux
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2009)
Gastric mucosal barrier: barrier to hydrogen ions imparted by gastric surfactant in vitro.
Authors: B A Hills, C A Kirwood
Journal: Gut (1992)

A simple experiment is described which shows how the highly surface active ingredient of gastric surfactant (DPPC) can be deposited on a filter paper to reduce the rate of transmission of hydrogen ions by one to two orders of magnitude. This finding is compatible with previous studies implying that the hydrophobic layer of surface active phospholipid provides the gastric mucosal barrier as a distinct physical entity.
Abstract 965: Establishment of a Sunitinib resistant cell line from ccRCC by long term drug application.
Authors: Gerhard Unteregger, Simone Krein, Anne Weiland, Michael Stoeckle, Kerstin Junker
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Introduction: Sunitinib (SUN) acts as a multitargeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) in the treatment of advanced renal cell carcinoma. It addresses predominantly the neo-angiogenic pathway by inhibition of proliferation and induction of apoptosis. But in clinical practice patients fail therapy. To elucidate the mechanism behind the failure of SUN we started to investigate the efficacy of SUN in long term cell culture studies using permanent cell lines representing ccRCC. Material and Methods: CAKI-1/2, A-498 and 786-O cell lines, normal fibroblasts and HUVEC were subjected to different concentrations of SUN for up to 5 days. Efficacy of SUN was monitored by quantification of viability (WST-1), apoptosis (CDD+), necrosis (LDH+) and proliferation (BrdU). Under long term SUN-treatment growth behavior was assessed by cell counting spanning a cultivation period of several weeks. miRNA profiling was performed by microarray analysis at different point within this schedule. Results: ccRCC cell lines offer a decrease in viability down to 40-60% at 2-5μM/L SUN dependent on cell-type and cell concentration as a result of f proliferation-inhibition. Endothelial cells and fibroblasts react more sensitive showing a growth inhibition between 80-90% compared to untreated controls. Long term application of SUN to these ccRCC-cells results in SUN-insensitive cell clones offering no inhibition of proliferation at 2-5μM/l drug. Specific miRNA expression changes were identified in insensitive cells. Conclusion: Drug resistance by a long term SUN treatment provides cell lines to study the molecular mechanisms underlying this phenomenon. We have shown that resistance is associated with miRNA alterations. 3D-combination of these cell lines together with endothelial cells and fibroblasts offer a powerful tissue-like model to develop new therapeutic schedules to overcome the failure of actual treatment. Citation Format: Gerhard Unteregger, Simone Krein, Anne Weiland, Michael Stoeckle, Kerstin Junker. Establishment of a Sunitinib resistant cell line from ccRCC by long term drug application. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 965. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-965