tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Hypoxemia as a risk factor for endothelial dysfunction in COPD patients
Authors: Marina Makarova, Sergey Avdeev, Alexander Chuchalin
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Background: The causes of endothelial dysfunction in COPD are multifactorial, and hypoxemia may also play an important role.  Aim: To investigate the role of hypoxemia as a possible risk factor for endothelial dysfunction in COPD patients.  Methods: We enrolled 41 COPD patients (64.5±7.6 yrs; FEV 1  37.7±14.1%, PaO 2  63.2±11.2 mm Hg) and 34 normal control subjects (55.5±6.5 yrs). Assessment of arterial stiffness and endothelial dysfunction was performed by use of digital photoplethysmography (Pulse Trace PCA 2, Micro Medical). Change in reflection index (RI) of the digital volume pulse in response to salbutamol (ΔRI  SALB  ) was used as a marker of endothelial function. Hypoxemia was assessed by means of arterial blood gases at rest, by pulseoxymetry during night and during 6-minute walk test (6-MWT).  Results: In COPD patients stiffness index was significantly higher than in normal control subjects (11.3±3.3 vs 6.9±0.9 m/s; p  SALB   was lower in COPD patients than in control subjects (1.2[0-10]% vs 11.5[6-19]%, p 2 ≤ 60 mmHg) ΔRI  SALB   was significantly lower than in patient without hypoxemia (0.1[-1.7-1.3]% vs 2.0[0.4-12.4]%, p=0.04). ΔRI  SALB   was significantly associated with daytime PaO 2  (r=0.44, p=0.02) and nocturnal time with SpO 2  below 88% (r=0.44, p=0.02). There were also significant correlations between ΔRI  SALB   and nadir SpO 2  during 6-MWT (r=0.44, p=0.02) and time with SpO 2  below 88% during 6-MWT (r=0.48, p=0.01).  Conclusions: Hypoxemia can contribute to the development of endothelial function in COPD.
Defining and Assessing Public Health Functions: A Global Analysis
Authors: Jose M. Martin-Moreno, Meggan Harris, Elke Jakubowski, Hans Kluge
Journal: Annual Review of Public Health (2015)

Given the broad scope and intersectoral nature of public health structures and practices, there are inherent difficulties in defining which services fall under the public health remit and in assessing their capacity and performance. The aim of this study is to analyze how public health functions and practice have been defined and operationalized in different countries and regions around the world, with a specific focus on assessment tools that have been developed to evaluate the performance of essential public health functions, services, and operations. Our review has identified nearly 100 countries that have carried out assessments, using diverse analytical and methodological approaches. The assessment processes have evolved quite differently according to administrative arrangements and resource availability, but some key contextual factors emerge that seem to favor policy-oriented follow-up. These include local ownership of the assessment process, policymakers' commitment to reform, and expert technical advice for implementation.
Predictors of treatment failure in patients with bacteremic pneumococcal community-acquired pneumonia
Authors: Ane Uranga, Alberto Capelastegui, Pedro Pablo Espana, Rosa Díez, Rafael Zalacaín, Luis Alberto López, Amaia Bilbao, Maria Jose Lopez
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Background:  Bacteremia has usually been associated with poor outcomes in patients with pneumococcal pneumonia. However, risk factors for a worse in-hospital course are not easily recognized.   Objectives : The aim of this study was to identify predictive characteristics for treatment failure in patients with bacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia.   Methods : A prospective and observational study was carried out in 2 hospitals. We analysed cases with bacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia from a cohort of hospitalized patients. Patients with meningitis and/or endocarditis were excluded. Treatment failure was defined as clinical deterioration during hospitalization with hemodynamic inestability, confirmation of respiratory failure or the onset thereof, need of mechanical ventilation, demonstrated radiological progression of pneumonia or a new focus of infection, or persistent fever or the reappearance of fever if a change in treatment was needed.  The predictive accuracy was measured by means of logistic regression models while the AUC was used to measure the predictive ability.   Results   We analyzed 399 (44.8%) patients with bacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia. Figure 1 shows predictors of treatment failure with an AUC of 0.78.   Conclusions   The presence of pH
Effect of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy on Survival in Patients With AIDS-Associated Pulmonary Kaposi’s Sarcoma Treated With Chemotherapy
Authors: Beata Holkova, Kenichi Takeshita, Debbie M. Cheng, Matthew Volm, Carolyn Wasserheit, Rita Demopoulos, Asher Chanan-Khan
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2001)

PURPOSE: Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS) is the most common AIDS-related malignancy. Pulmonary involvement by KS (PKS) has carried a poor prognosis with median reported survival ranging from 3 to 10 months. We studied whether the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART; triple antiretroviral therapy including a protease inhibitor and two reverse transcriptase inhibitors) has been associated with improved survival for AIDS patients with PKS. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A retrospective study was performed of 37 consecutive patients with PKS and human immunodeficiency virus infection in the tumor registry at a large municipal hospital in New York City between 1994 to 1997. There were 16 patients from 1994 to 1995 (pre-HAART period) and 21 patients from 1996 to 1997 (post-HAART period). The primary end point was survival, which was defined as time from start of chemotherapy until death from any cause. RESULTS: Patients were analyzed by the date of diagnosis (pre- v post-HAART period) and whether or not they received HAART. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed significantly better survival in patients diagnosed in the post-HAART period (P = .0025). Additional Kaplan-Meier analysis indicated that patients on HAART had substantially better survival (P &lt; .0001). Cox multivariate analyses showed that HAART therapy was associated with a reduced risk of death (hazard ratio = 0.09; 95% confidence interval, 0.03 to 0.69). CONCLUSION: In patients with AIDS-associated PKS and undergoing chemotherapy, administration of HAART was associated with increased survival.
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: State of the Art and Beyond
Authors: John C. Byrd
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2014)

In the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), select genomic studies can assist in risk stratification of newly diagnosed patients. Chemoimmunotherapy targeting CD20 offers a survival advantage in symptomatic patients both with and without these high-risk genetic features, though patients with del(17p13.1) have poor outcomes and require specific intervention. Obinutuzumab plus chlorambucil is a treatment standard for untreated elderly patients and is superior to rituximab plus chlorambucil. In the setting of relapsed CLL, the new kinase inhibitors have the potential to completely change the treatment paradigm of CLL.
Spectrum of Activity of Lamotrigine in Treatment-Refractory Bipolar Disorder
Authors: Joseph R. Calabrese, Charles L. Bowden, Susan L. McElroy, John Cookson, John Andersen, Paul E. Keck, Jr., Linda Rhodes, Carolyn Bolden-Watson, Jing Zhou, John A. Ascher
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1999)

New mood stabilizers are needed that possess efficacy for all phases of bipolar disorder. This study was designed to provide preliminary evidence for the safety and efficacy of a new anticonvulsant, lamotrigine, in adult patients with bipolar disorder who had been inadequately responsive to or intolerant of prior pharmacotherapy.A 48-week, open-label, prospective trial was conducted in 75 patients with bipolar I or bipolar II disorder. Lamotrigine was used as adjunctive therapy (N = 60) or monotherapy (N = 15) in patients presenting in depressed, hypomanic, manic, or mixed states.Of the 40 depressed patients included in the efficacy analysis, 48% exhibited a marked response and 20% a moderate response as measured by reductions in 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale scores. Of the 31 with a hypomanic, manic, or mixed state, 81% displayed a marked response and 3% a moderate response on the Mania Rating Scale. From baseline to endpoint, the depressed patients exhibited a 42% decrease in Hamilton depression scale scores, and the patients presenting with hypomania, mania, or a mixed state exhibited a 74% decrease in Mania Rating Scale scores. The most common drug-related adverse events were dizziness, tremor, somnolence, headache, nausea, and rash. Rash was the most common adverse event resulting in drug discontinuation (9% of patients); one patient developed a serious rash and required hospitalization.These open-label data provide preliminary evidence that lamotrigine may be an effective treatment option for patients with refractory bipolar disorder; however, potential benefits must be weighed against potential side effects, including rash.
Fluorouracil plus racemic leucovorin versus fluorouracil combined with the pure l-isomer of leucovorin for the treatment of advanced colorectal cancer: a randomized phase III study.
Authors: W Scheithauer, G Kornek, A Marczell, G Salem, J Karner, E Kovats, D Burger, R Greiner, J Pidlich, B Schneeweiss, M Raderer, H Rosen, D Depisch
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1997)

PURPOSE To compare the efficacy and toxicity of fluorouracil (FU) and racemic leucovorin (d,l-LV) versus FU combined with the l-isomer of leucovorin (l-LV) in the treatment of advanced colorectal cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 248 patients with advanced measurable colorectal cancer previously unexposed to chemotherapy were randomly assigned to treatment with either FU (400 mg/m2/d by intravenous [I.V.] infusion for 2 hours) and racemic LV (100 mg/m2/d by I.V. bolus injection) given for 5 consecutive days, or the combination of FU and the pure l-isomer of LV using the same dose schedule. In both treatment arms, courses were administered every 28 days if toxicity allowed for a total of 6 months, unless evidence of tumor progression was documented earlier. RESULTS There were no significant differences between the FU/racemic LV and the FU/l-LV arm in the overall response rate (25% v 32%), duration of response (7.2 v 8.0 months), median time to progression or death (6.25 v 8.0 months), or median overall survival time (14.5 v 15.0 months). Except for minor myeloid toxic effects associated with FU/l-LV, there was also no significant difference in terms of adverse reactions. Gastrointestinal symptoms, specifically mucasitis and diarrhea, were less frequent and less severe in both treatment arms compared with other trials with FU/racemic LV reported in the literature, which might be because of the prolonged administration of FU used in both arms. CONCLUSION The combination of FU/l-LV produced response rates, response durations, and survival times similar to those with FU/d,l-LV. Biochemical modulation of FU by either pure l-LV or racemic LV thus appears to result in equivalent clinical efficacy.
Detection of haemagglutinin D222 polymorphisms in influenza A(H1N1)pdm09-infected patients by ultra-deep pyrosequencing
Authors: M. Selleri, A. Piralla, G. Rozera, E. Giombini, B. Bartolini, I. Abbate, G. Campanini, F. Rovida, L. Dossena, M.R. Capobianchi, F. Baldanti
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2012)
Predictive factors of relapse in pulmonary tuberculosis
Authors: Sonia Habibech, Ines Zendah, Khadija Ayed, Leila Bayahi, Ibtihel Kouaja, Habib Ghedira
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Background : Pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) relapse is a life-threatening condition. Revealing the factors that lead to relapse may help developing preventive measures.   Aim : The aim of this study is to reveal the main predictive factors of relapse in patients with pulmonary TB.   Methods : We compared the data reported during the first episode of TB of 22 non-HIV patients treated for pulmonary TB and who had a relapse with those of 36 non-HIV patients treated for the same disease without relapse. Files were selected if the follow-up period exceeds 3 years. Results are expressed as a percent or a mean with [CI 95% ].   Results : Patients with relapsing disease, as compared to patients without relapse, are older (61[56-65] vs 37[33-41] years-old), with history of heavier smoking (40[29-51] vs 18[10-26] Pack-Years) and a lower proportion of TB-vaccinated patients (40% vs 80%; p=0.05). The 2 last findings are likely to be correlated to age. But independently of age, in patients with relapse, we found a higher proportion of patients who have a close contact with another TB-patient (63% vs 38 %; p=0.01) and a more frequent right lung involvement (50% vs 36 % p=0.05).   Conclusion : From our data, relapse of pulmonary TB is more likely to occur in older patients, those exposed to contagious persons and those with a right lung involvement during the first episode of TB.
Strategy of descent is not without risk
Authors: E. J Hammond
Journal: BMJ (1995)

its mother so modest matemal fevers may lead to fetal temperatures approaching 40°C, which could be dangerous for the baby.2In addition, maternal raised body temperature leads to fetal tachycardia which may be misinterpreted as fetal distress, leading to intervention.2Unlike normal labour rooms (usually kept at 26-28°C), birthing pools are close to body temperature and can therefore prevent the normal loss of heat that is necessary to maintain maternal isothermia.In our unit the protocol for use of the pool originally suggested keeping the water at 37-38°C.In the light of our audit, we now recommend maintaining the temperature at 36-37°C, with hourly monitoring.Prospective research is urgently needed to determine the optimum water temperature for safe use of the birthing pool.This is particularly important in the light of the surprising length of time some women spend in the pool.
Lifestyles and Cognitive Health
Authors: Sudeep S. Gill, Dallas P. Seitz
Journal: JAMA (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
FENO as a diagnostic tool in paediatric asthma * Author's reply
Authors: A Deykin
Journal: Thorax (2004)

Malmberg and colleagues reported the robust discriminatory properties of exhaled nitric oxide (FENO) for asthma in a paediatric population, but also noted that 29% of the subjects studied could not perform the manoeuvres necessary for online NO measurements at a target expiratory flow rate of 50 ml/s.1 These results are consistent with those reported by Canady and colleagues who noted that 24% of children studied could not perform online NO analysis.2 We studied healthy and asthmatic adults and found a similarly robust ability of NO …
Severe lymphocytopenia and interstitial pneumonia in patients treated with paclitaxel and simultaneous radiotherapy for non-small-cell lung cancer.
Authors: B Reckzeh, H Merte, K H Pflüger, R Pfab, M Wolf, K Havemann
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1996)

PURPOSE In a phase II trial with paclitaxel and simultaneous radiotherapy in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients, an unexpected high incidence of interstitial pneumonias was observed. The type of immunodeficiency associated with this treatment approach is characterized. PATIENTS AND METHODS Fifteen patients with inoperable stage IIIA/B NSCLC were treated with paclitaxel as a 3-hour infusion on day 1 in weeks 1 to 3 and 6 to 8 at dose levels between 50 mg/m2 and 86 mg/m2 and with simultaneous radiotherapy in daily doses of 2 Gy, 5 days per week, in weeks 1 to 3 and 6 to 8 up to a total dose of 56 Gy. Hematologic parameters and lymphocyte subsets were monitored. RESULTS Fourteen patients are assessable for response. The overall response rate was 78%, with four major responses, six partial remissions, and four minor responses. The major toxic effect observed was a moderate to severe protracted lymphocytopenia (380 +/- 310/microL) in all patients. Seven patients developed moderate to severe interstitial pneumonia; one had an additional herpes zoster infection, while an eighth patient had a cytomegalovirus infection. During treatment, all lymphocyte subsets were reduced, as follows (n = 9, mean +/- SD): CD4+ T cells (100 +/- 90/microL), CD8+ T cells (130 +/- 160/microL), natural killer (NK) cells (70 +/- 80/microL), and B cells (20 +/- 10/microL). Thus, the most pronounced toxicity was seen in CD4+ T and B cells. There was no recovery of lymphocyte subsets during a 3-month follow-up period. CONCLUSION Paclitaxel with simultaneous radiation induces lymphocytopenia and promotes opportunistic infections. Long-term antibiotic and antimycotic prophylaxis is recommended. Whether the lymphocytopenia is an additive effect of paclitaxel and radiation or whether it can be induced by low-dose weekly paclitaxel alone remains to be determined.
Functional regulation of tyrosinase and LAMP gene family of melanogenesis and cell death in immortal murine melanocytes after repeated exposure to ultraviolet B
Authors: None Ota, None Park, None Jimbow
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1998)

This study characterizes the induction of melanogenesis and the expression of tyrosinase, tyrosinase‐related protein (TRP) and lysosome‐associated membrane protein (LAMP) gene families in the cultured melanocyte lines of non‐agouti mice with four major genetic loci, i.e. melan‐a2 (black, wild type), melan‐b (brown, TRP‐1 mutation), melan‐s (black, piebaldism mutation) and melan‐c (white, tyrosinase mutation) in response to repeated exposure to ultraviolet (UV) B (5 mJ/cm2, 7 consecutive days). Electron microscopy showed that new melanogenesis was induced in melan‐a2, melan‐s and melan‐b melanocytes. Melan‐a2, melan‐s and melan‐b showed an almost twofold increase in tyrosinase activity and gene expression with increased synthesis of melanosomes, although melan‐b showed a minimum increase in tyrosinase activity. There was a twofold upregulation of LAMP‐1 mRNA but no alteration in LAMP‐2 and LAMP‐3 mRNA expression in melan‐a2, while there was no alteration in LAMP‐1 mRNA expression but increased expression of LAMP‐2 and LAMP‐3 mRNA in melan‐s, LAMP‐3 showing a higher increase. Melan‐b cells showed the same gene expression of LAMP‐1, LAMP‐2 and LAMP‐3 as that of non–UV exposed cells. All three lines, however, exhibited simultaneously cell death, melan‐b reaching the highest rate of cell death (96.5%). In contrast, melan‐c, which did not have any tyrosinase activity with failure of melanogenesis induction, expressed all the mRNAs of the tyrosinase and LAMP gene families, but was not associated with any significant melanocyte death. Our study indicated: (i) that melanogenesis induction and melanocyte death are two photobiological processes occurring simultaneously after repeated UVB exposure, (ii) that in response to an upregulation of tyrosinase mRNA and enzymic activity, there was a co‐ordinated upregulation of the LAMP‐1 gene in wild type melan‐a2, while no upregulation was found in melan‐s and melan‐b mutants, and (iii) that UV‐induced melanocyte death is related to the upregulation of the tyrosinase gene, induction of new melanogenesis and mutation of the TRP‐1 gene in immortal murine melanocytes.
Isolation and Characterization of a Hormone-Producing Cell Line From Human Small Cell Anaplastic Carcinoma of the Lung 2 3
Authors: O. S. Pettengill, C. S. Faulkner, D. H. Wurster-Hill, L. H. Maurer, G. D. Sorenson, A. G. Robinson, E. A. Zimmerman
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1977)

Journal Article Isolation and Characterization of a Hormone-Producing Cell Line From Human Small Cell Anaplastic Carcinoma of the Lung Get access O. S. Pettengill, O. S. Pettengill Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar C. S. Faulkner, C. S. Faulkner Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar D. H. Wurster-Hill, D. H. Wurster-Hill Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar L. H. Maurer, L. H. Maurer Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar G. D. Sorenson, G. D. Sorenson Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar A. G. Robinson, A. G. Robinson Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar E. A. Zimmerman E. A. Zimmerman Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 58, Issue 3, March 1977, Pages 511–518, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/58.3.511 Published: 01 March 1977 Article history Received: 23 March 1976 Accepted: 16 August 1976 Published: 01 March 1977
Vincristine, doxorabicin, cyclophosphamide, prednisone and etoposide (VACPE) in high-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma — a multicenter phase II study
Authors: L. Bergmann, T. Karakas, G. Lautenschläger, E. Jäger, A. Knuth, P.S. Mitrou, D. Hoelzer
Journal: Annals of Oncology (1995)
Oncogenic Response of Rats With X-Ray-Induced Microcephaly to Transplacental Ethylnitrosourea 2
Authors: Josef Warkany, T. I. Mandybur, Harold Kalter
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1976)

Journal Article Oncogenic Response of Rats With X-Ray-Induced Microcephaly to Transplacental Ethylnitrosourea Get access Josef Warkany, Josef Warkany 3Children's Hospital Research Foundation, Institute for Developmental Research; and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar T. I. Mandybur, T. I. Mandybur 4Department of Pathology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Harold Kalter Harold Kalter 3Children's Hospital Research Foundation, Institute for Developmental Research; and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229. 5We thank Dr. Jerry M. Rice, National Cancer Institute, for his assistance and advice, Mrs. Ilona Ormsby for technical assistance, and Dr. J. C. Kereiakes for guidance in irradiation of the animals. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 56, Issue 1, January 1976, Pages 59–64, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/56.1.59 Published: 01 January 1976 Article history Received: 10 April 1975 Accepted: 22 August 1975 Published: 01 January 1976