tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Good news - or not?
Authors: P Cardy, C Hall
Journal: BMJ (1994)

“I can't tell you how disappointed I am,” says Eileen as she puts the phone down after 45 minutes. “I really thought the article meant there was a treatment at last.” Eileen has motor neurone disease; a civil servant in her 40s, she cannot walk or make much use of her hands now, and her voice is badly affected. From long acquaintance with this shocking disease, I fear that she has only weeks to live.

Eileen has been in one of the drug trials of nerve growth factors from some months, and she read the Daily Telegraph's piece, “Motor neurone treatment hope” on 19 August, reporting a trial in the United States in which experimental mice were given two different factors, which seemed to slow down the disease. One of them is the drug she is taking. Tonight I explained that the mice do not have human motor neurone disease but a genetic disorder that mimics it. There will probably be a new round of trials before this cocktail can be used on people; neither factor is yet licensed for prescription. We both know it will come too late for her.

In previous discussions I have tried to tell her that nerve growth factors will not suddenly regenerate her dying neurones; that by taking part in the trail she is a volunteer in a medical experiment; that we must have placebo controlled trials to establish whether it is the drug or her (or her doctor's) hope …
Immunosuppression After Liver Transplantation for Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis Influences Activity of Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Kristin Kaasen Jørgensen, Lina Lindström, Milada Cvancarova, Tom H. Karlsen, Maria Castedal, Styrbjörn Friman, Erik Schrumpf, Aksel Foss, Helena Isoniemi, Arno Nordin, Kathrine Holte, Allan Rasmussen, Annika Bergquist, Morten H. Vatn, Kirsten Muri Boberg
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2013)
IOIBD report no 1: Observer variation in calculating indices of severity and activity in Crohn's disease. International Organisation for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease.
Authors: F T de Dombal, A Softley
Journal: Gut (1987)

Observer variation in calculating various indices for estimating the severity and activity of Crohn9s disease is reported. Seven prospective users of Crohn9s disease activity indices were presented with 10 9cases histories9 compiled from relevant patient data and asked to calculate (independently) various indices of severity and activity from this information. The results showed a disquieting degree of observer variation in all indices studied. Similar results were obtained when 15 members of the International Organisation for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IOIBD) reviewed one case history and also when members independently reviewed a series of real life cases. It is suggested that each index so far proposed is open to considerable observer variation, which casts some doubt upon the validity of studies so far carried out. Clarification of indices and the use of ranking methods can, however, do much to overcome this discrepancy.
Caffeine phenotyping of cytochrome P4501A2, N-acetyltransferase, and xanthine oxidase in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis.
Authors: A D Spigelman, K C Farmer, S Oliver, K P Nugent, P N Bennett, L J Notarianni, P Dobrocky, R K Phillips
Journal: Gut (1995)

Patients with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) and age and sex matched controls were tested for cytochrome P4501A2 (CYP1A2), N-acetyltransferase, and xanthine oxidase activities using caffeine urinary metabolites as a discriminator. FAP patients showed significant underactivity of N-acetyltransferase (which inactivates some carcinogens) and significant overactivity of CYP1A2 (which activates some carcinogens). Xanthine oxidase activity, which can generate free radicals and cause cellular damage, was significantly increased in the FAP patients. All but one of the FAP patients had undergone colectomy. A separate group of six patients was therefore assessed before and at an average time of eight weeks after colectomy. No effect on enzyme activity was seen. The differences in enzyme activities detected in this study could produce an excess of active carcinogenic metabolites in the bile of FAP patients and contribute to the high risk for intestinal cancer in FAP.
Prediction of Coronary Heart Disease Based on Clinical Suspicion, Age, Total Cholesterol, and Triglyceride
Authors: IRVINE H. PAGE, J. N. BERRETTONI, ANTANAS BUTKUS, F. MASON SONES
Journal: Circulation (1970)

Our results, based on the definition of coronary heart disease by cinearteriography, show that definite relationships exist among incidence of coronary heart disease (CHD), age, total cholesterol (TC), and total triglycerides, with less definite ones between free cholesterol, and phospholipids for a specific group of 450 male patients referred to the Cleveland Clinic because of suspected coronary heart disease. Equations and graphs of the association of incidence of CHD with these conditions are presented. The relationships were strong enough to be of aid in discriminating CHD from normal; the most useful being age, TC, and TG. Incidence determinations were presented in terms of total incidence and incidence associated with the variable itself. Coronary angiography demonstrated 350 CHD and 100 normals or a ratio of 3.5 to 1. This ratio is a reflection of the high accuracy with which physicians suspect CHD. Age and TC were good discriminators in these patients suspected of CHD. An improved relationship and better discrimination was obtained by relating incidence simultaneously to age, TC, and TG. The probability of having CHD is the total incidence corresponding to the patient's age, TC, and TG. The probability level of 0.90 gave 95% assurance of a correct prediction for the physician-selected group of patients. Twenty-nine per cent of them had probabilities above 0.90.
CORRELATION BETWEEN THE VERIFYNOW P2Y12 ASSAY AND LIGHT TRANSMITTANCE AGGREGOMETRY TO MEASURE PLATELET P2Y12 RECEPTOR INHIBITION IN PATIENTS ON CLOPIDOGREL THERAPY
Authors: Masafumi Ueno, Jose Luis Ferreiro, Kodlipet Dharmashankar, Piera Capranzano, Davide Capodanno, Andrew Darlington, Desai Bhaloo, Ronald Charlton, Lyndon Box, Martin Zenni, Luis Guzman, Theodore Bass, Dominick J. Angiolillo
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
New techniques resculpt the cornea
Authors: R. Voelker
Journal: JAMA (1995)

INNOVATIONS in refractive surgery for myopes, hyperopes, and presbyopes bent on improving their vision are generating debate about the advantages of new laser techniques, as well as the potential for billions in revenue.  Final Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval last month of an excimer laser to treat nearsightedness by reshaping the cornea is expected to unleash a flood of consumer demand for photorefractive keratotomy (PRK).  Patients who are farsighted, have other refractive errors, or just prefer an alternative to zapping away their myopia might choose insertable devices and lenses that also reshape the cornea or create a bifocal effect without the use of eyeglasses.  We're just entering the era where refractive surgery is becoming well accepted, said Richard Lindstrom, MD, medical director at Phillips Eye Institute Center for Teaching and Research in Minneapolis, Minn, during a Research to Prevent Blindness (RPB) science writers seminar in Orlando, Fla.  Lindstrom, also
Osteomalacia: Current Concepts
Authors: BOY FRAME
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1978)

Recently acquired knowledge about vitamin D metabolism has improved our understanding in different varieties of osteomalacia. Many new causes of osteomalacia continue to be found. Radiologic and biochemical changes are not always characteristic and may occasionally be misleading. Bone biopsy after a double tetracycline label is helpful in differentiating osteomalacia from high bone turnover conditions and is recommended in most patients with a generalized rarefying skeletal disorder. Even if the underlying disease state cannot be corrected, effective therapy is available in most varieties of osteomalacia. The newer metabolites of vitamin D should soon be generally available to the medical profession. Their use will make treatment of osteomalacia more individualized and specific.
Evaluation of the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System in a Large Cohort of Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
Authors: Michael D. Kappelman, Millie D. Long, Christopher Martin, Darren A. DeWalt, Patricia M. Kinneer, Wenli Chen, James D. Lewis, Robert S. Sandler
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2013)
Radiosurgery Plus Whole-Brain Radiation Therapy for Brain Metastases
Authors: Roy A. Patchell, William F. Regine, Jay S. Loeffler, Raymond Sawaya, David W. Andrews, Lawrence S. Chin
Journal: JAMA (2006)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Sickle Cell Trait and Splenic Syndrome-Reply
Authors: John H. Githens
Journal: JAMA (1985)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> Dr Steinberg's letter raises two interesting questions. The first is whether α-thalassemia protects blacks with sickle cell trait from high-altitude splenic syndromes. Approximately 30% of blacks with sickle cell trait also have α-thalassemia. These individuals have a lower percentage of hemoglobin S and a lower MCV than persons with sickle trait without α-thalassemia.<sup>1-3</sup>We agree that lower concentrations of hemoglobin S in the sickle trait erythrocyte may be beneficial to those with α-thalassemia. However, it is important to remember that 70% of blacks with sickle cell trait do not have α-thalassemia. These individuals vastly outnumber nonblacks with sickle trait, and the percentage of hemoglobin S in their erythrocytes (40% ±0.6%)<sup>1</sup>is identical to that observed in our nonblack patients. Given these considerations, the disproportionate number of cases of altitude-induced splenic syndrome observed in nonblacks is likely due to factors other than the incidence of α-thalassemia in
Prehospital thrombolysis Views of non-users ignored
Authors: I D Clark, I Bonavia, K Cooney, P D Thomas, W E Leverton
Journal: BMJ (1994)

EDITOR, - In his assimilation of general practitioners' views on prehospital thrombolysis John Rawles fails to look in detail at the subgroup from whom we are most likely to gain an interesting insight - namely, those general practitioners who took part in the Grampian region early anistreplase trial.1 Only 25 of the 87 doctors who took part in the study (a study which he suggests shows that the efficacy of thrombolysis is doubled when it is given before admission to hospital) identified themselves as current users of thrombolysis. Why did the remaining doctors stop using this treatment?

Rawles's main conclusions are that general practitioners feel the need to be better educated and value the input of local cardiologists in establishing protocols and management guidelines. I would have thought that those general practitioners who took part in the Grampian study had been sufficiently well educated and supported by local cardiologists. Why, when these two barriers to use have been removed and the case for the effectiveness of the treatment has been well made, do large numbers of general practitioners feel unable to change their behaviour? Has it anything to do with the cost of the treatment? Given that the second international study of infarct survival suggests that aspirin is as effective as streptokinase, perhaps the role of general practice should be to ensure that this safer treatment is started as soon as possible.

It is disconcerting to find that 22% of the general practitioners who gave thrombolytic drugs felt confident of doing so without recourse to electrocardiography and that 45% were happy to give them despite having no access to a defibrillator. The users also reported, on average, over 50% more cases of suspected myocardial infarction than non-users (5.27 v 3.30). …
Surgical Management of Degenerative Arthritis of the Lower Limb
Authors: Kingsbury G. Heiple
Journal: JAMA (1976)

As is typical of even limited-scope monographs today, this work of 25 chapters has 21 contributors. Apart from a final chapter on the foot and ankle, which is not particularly useful, the material is totally about the hip and knee. The three introductory chapters on the pathophysiology, biochemistry, and repair mechanisms of articular cartilage are a convenient and concise review for those who have not followed the extensive literature on articular cartilage for the past decade. The particular value of such a work on the hip and knee is the juxtaposition and parallel presentation of alternative strategies for the management of similar problems of the hip and knee. With total joint arthroplasty dominating most current publishing, a review of "Intertorchanteric Osteotomies in Adults" by M. Muller and "Resection and Soft-Tissue Procedures for Degenerative Arthritis of the Hip" by D. L. Hamblen are both welcome and excellently done. Arthrodesis is covered
PET Imaging of Oncolytic VSV Expressing the Mutant HSV-1 Thymidine Kinase Transgene in a Preclinical HCC Rat Model
Authors: Kim A Muñoz-Álvarez, Jennifer Altomonte, Iina Laitinen, Sibylle Ziegler, Katja Steiger, Irene Esposito, Roland M Schmid, Oliver Ebert
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2015)

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most predominant form of liver cancer and the third leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Due to the relative ineffectiveness of conventional HCC therapies, oncolytic viruses have emerged as novel alternative treatment agents. Our previous studies have demonstrated significant prolongation of survival in advanced HCC in rats after oncolytic vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) treatment. In this study, we aimed to establish a reporter system to reliably and sensitively image VSV in a clinically relevant model of HCC for clinical translation. To this end, an orthotopic, unifocal HCC model in immune-competent Buffalo rats was employed to test a recombinant VSV vector encoding for an enhanced version of the herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) thymidine kinase (sr39tk) reporter, which would allow the indirect detection of VSV via positron emission tomography (PET). The resulting data revealed specific tracer uptake in VSV-HSV1-sr39tk–treated tumors. Further characterization of the VSV-HSV1-sr39tk vector demonstrated its optimal detection time-point after application and its detection limit via PET. In conclusion, oncolytic VSV expressing the HSV1-sr39tk reporter gene allows for highly sensitive in vivo imaging via PET. Therefore, this imaging system may be directly translatable and beneficial in further clinical applications. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most predominant form of liver cancer and the third leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Due to the relative ineffectiveness of conventional HCC therapies, oncolytic viruses have emerged as novel alternative treatment agents. Our previous studies have demonstrated significant prolongation of survival in advanced HCC in rats after oncolytic vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) treatment. In this study, we aimed to establish a reporter system to reliably and sensitively image VSV in a clinically relevant model of HCC for clinical translation. To this end, an orthotopic, unifocal HCC model in immune-competent Buffalo rats was employed to test a recombinant VSV vector encoding for an enhanced version of the herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) thymidine kinase (sr39tk) reporter, which would allow the indirect detection of VSV via positron emission tomography (PET). The resulting data revealed specific tracer uptake in VSV-HSV1-sr39tk–treated tumors. Further characterization of the VSV-HSV1-sr39tk vector demonstrated its optimal detection time-point after application and its detection limit via PET. In conclusion, oncolytic VSV expressing the HSV1-sr39tk reporter gene allows for highly sensitive in vivo imaging via PET. Therefore, this imaging system may be directly translatable and beneficial in further clinical applications.
Intrapericardial Aneurysmal Dilatation of the Left Atrial Appendage
Authors: THOMAS F. GODWIN, PIERRE AUGER, JAMES A. KEY, E. DOUGLAS WIGLE
Journal: Circulation (1968)

A case of intrapericardial aneurysmal dilatation of the left atrial appendage occurring in a young woman is described. The patient presented with recurrent arrhythmia, which on one occasion was documented to be a supraventricular tachycardia. Routine chest x-ray revealed an abnormal configuration of the left heart border. A precordial scan with 131 I-labeled albumin provided evidence that the mass on the left heart border was blood filled and strongly suggested that it was cardiac in origin. Pulmonary, followed by left atrial, cineangiography provided the definitive diagnosis and demonstrated extremely slow clearance of radiopaque dye from the appendageal aneurysm. Following surgical removal of the aneurysm the tachycardias have not recurred. The previous experience in the literature with this problem is briefly presented.
Reduction in murine Langerhans cell ATPase staining following topical but not systemic treatment with steroid and non-steroid immunosuppressants
Authors: G.M. HALLIDAY, B.A. KNIGHT, H.K. MULLER
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1986)

The effects on murine Langerhans cells (LC) of steroid and non‐steroid immunosuppressive drugs which are commonly used for long‐term immunotherapy of human patients were investigated. Hydrocortisone, prednisolone, cyclosporin A or azathioprine was administered daily for 7 consecutive days either topically by application to the skin, or systemically by intraperitoneal injection. LC densities were determined on the day following cessation of treatment by staining for the plasma membrane‐bound enzyme adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase). All immunosuppressants caused a significant reduction in ATPase‐positive LC when administered topically, but not systemically. The systemically administered drugs, although given in high concentration, may not have penetrated the epidermis in sufficient concentrations to disrupt the LC membrane. These observations are consistent with long term immunosuppressants depleting cutaneous LC by bone marrow suppression rather than by a direct effect on LC.
Pulmonary hypertension in mitral valve disease: 56 surgical patients reviewed.
Authors: J M Manners, J L Monro, J K Ross
Journal: Thorax (1977)

A total of 392 patients have undergone prosthetic valve surgery including the mitral valve over a four-year period (1972-76). Of these patients 56 (14%) had a pulmonary artery systolic pressure of 70 mmHg or more during preoperative cardiac catheterisation and the hospital mortality of this group was 5.4%. Similarly, the hospital mortality of the remaining 336 patients with a pulmonary artery pressure below 70 mmHg was 5.4%. The presence of pulmonary hypertension in patients with valve disease including the mitral valve does not therefore indicate that the risk of dying in hospital as a consequence of corrective surgery is increased. The absence of a raised hospital mortality in this recent series may be attributed to improved surgical techniques and materials, while the use of droperidol and pentolinium which may reduce pulmonary vascular resistance as well as systemic resistance during surgery could be contributory.
Myocardial proteolysis during acute myocardial ischaemia
Authors: R. BOLLI, N. J DAVENPORT, R. E GOLDSTEIN, S. E EPSTEIN
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1983)

Journal Article Myocardial proteolysis during acute myocardial ischaemia Get access ROBERTO BOLLI, ROBERTO BOLLI * From the Section on Experimental Physiology and Pharmacology, Cardiology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20205 *Address for reprints: Roberto Bolli, MD, Cardiology Section, Baylor College of Medicine, 6535 Fannin F905, Houston, Texas 77030, USA. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar NANCY J DAVENPORT, NANCY J DAVENPORT From the Section on Experimental Physiology and Pharmacology, Cardiology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20205 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar ROBERT E GOLDSTEIN, ROBERT E GOLDSTEIN From the Section on Experimental Physiology and Pharmacology, Cardiology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20205 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar STEPHEN E EPSTEIN STEPHEN E EPSTEIN From the Section on Experimental Physiology and Pharmacology, Cardiology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20205 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 17, Issue 5, May 1983, Pages 274–281, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/17.5.274 Published: 01 May 1983