tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The carcinogenicity of chromium
Authors: Tor Norseth
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1981)

The carcinogenicity of chromium compounds is reviewed with specific attention to the gaps in knowledge for risk estimation and research needs. The most important problems at present are whether trivalent chromium compounds cause cancer, and whether there is a difference in cancer causing effects between the soluble and the slightly soluble hexavalent compounds in the practical exposure situation. Dose estimates for risk estimation based on epidemiological investigations are also lacking. Present evidence indicates that the trivalent chromium compounds do not cause cancer although high concentrations in some in vitro systems have shown genetic toxicity. Hexavalent chromium compounds cause cancer in humans, in experimental animals and exert genetic toxicity in bacteria and in mammalian cells in vitro. Epidemiological evidence and animal experiments indicate that the slightly soluble hexavalent salts are the most potent carcinogens, but proper identification and characterization of exposure patterns in epidemiological work are lacking. Workers also tend to have mixed exposures. Soluble and slightly soluble salts are equally potent genotoxic agents in vitro. Further work for establishing dose estimates for risk evaluation in epidemiological work is important. In vitro systems should be applied for further identification of the mechanism of the carcinogenic effects, and animal experiments are urgent for comparison of the carcinogenic potency of the different hexavalent salts. Hexavalent chromium salts must be regarded as established carcinogens, and proper action should be taken in all industries with regard to such exposure. At present the carcinogenic risk to the general population caused by chromium compounds seems to be negligible, chromium in cigarettes, however, is an uncertainty in this respect. The amount of chromium and the type of chromium compounds inhaled from cigarettes is not known.
The Mitogenic Effect of the Lymphocytosis Promoting Factor from Bordetella Pertussis on Human Lymphocytes
Authors: J. H. Morse, A. S. Kong, J. Lindenbaum, S. I. Morse
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1977)

The purified lymphocytosis promoting factor (LPF) from Bordetella pertussis was found to be a potent mitogen for peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) from normal adults as well as for cord blood lymphocytes. Proliferation occurred in autologous plasma or fetal calf serum, regardless of previous exposure to pertussis infection or immunization. Only one adult human serum, from a physician constantly working with B. pertussis, inhibited the mitogenic response to LPF and this serum was shown to contain precipitating antibody against LPF. The proliferative effect of LPF was characteristic of a “nonspecific” mitogen and not of antigen stimulation of sensitized cells.
Cigarette Smoking in Pregnancy: Its Influence on Birth Weight and Perinatal Mortality
Authors: N. R. Butler, H. Goldstein, E. M. Ross
Journal: BMJ (1972)

In a British population cigarette smoking during pregnancy increased the late fetal plus neonatal mortality rate by 28% and reduced birth weight by 170 g, and these differences persist even after allowing for a number of "mediating" maternal and social variables. A change in smoking habit by the end of the fourth month of pregnancy places a mother in the risk category appropriate to her changed habit. This evidence should have important implications for health education aimed at getting pregnant mothers to give up smoking.
Effects of Reserpine and Guanethidine on Venous Reflexes
Authors: Thomas E. Gaffney, W. Michael Bryant, Eugene Braunwald
Journal: Circulation Research (1962)

The effects of reserpine and guanethidine on reflex venoconstriction were studied in a group of open-chest anesthetized dogs by the major vessel occlusion technique described by Bartelstone. Guanethidine (10 mg./Kg. intravenously) blocked reflex venous constriction following carotid occlusion and central vagal stimulation within, five minutes after injection in five dogs. Reserpine (0.5 mg./Kg. intravenously) required 50 to 110 minutes to abolish these venopressor reflexes in five animals. Pretreatment with either reserpine (0.5 mg./Kg. intraperitoneally on two consecutive days in four dogs) or guanethidine (10 mg./Kg. intravenously on two days in four dogs) also abolished reflex venoconstriction. These results indicate that reserpine and guanethidine are capable of blocking reflex venoconstriction, and it is suggested that this action may contribute to their effects in the treatment of hypertension.
Effect of Ramipril and of Rosiglitazone on Carotid Intima-Media Thickness in People With Impaired Glucose Tolerance or Impaired Fasting Glucose
Authors: Eva M. Lonn, Hertzel C. Gerstein, Patrick Sheridan, Sandra Smith, Rafael Diaz, Viswanathan Mohan, Jackie Bosch, Salim Yusuf, Gilles R. Dagenais
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2009)
Nitrofurantoin in Urinary Tract Infections
Authors: Paul C. Peters
Journal: JAMA (1967)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> In "Long-Acting Sulfonamides in Urinary Tract Infection" (<b>198</b>:975, 1966), Dr. Seneca states, "Nitrofurantoin cannot be used for longer than two weeks especially in Negro patients who may have an intrinsic erythrocyte abnormality." No doubt Dr. Seneca is referring to those patients who show a defect in glucose 6-phosphatase dehydrogenase, commonly known as G6PD. We avoid giving nitrofurantoin to this group of patients by screening them with a simple test to detect this enzyme defect. I have found nitrofurantoin can be used for many weeks without apparent ill effect on the hematologic or nervous systems. It has been shown by Dr. Stamey that tissue levels and urinary levels are adequate for antimicrobial therapy and that the blood level of nitrofurantoin, though low, does not bear a relationship to the clinical response in urinary tract infection.
Enhancing human healing
Authors: D. Reilly
Journal: BMJ (2001)

All therapeutic avenues meet at life's innate healing or destructive processes. So direct study of human healing might serve as a unifying focus, bridging disparate worlds of care—a truly integrated medicine. In recent decades orthodox medicine's successful focus on specific disease interventions has meant relative neglect of self healing and holism, and from this shadow complementary medicine has emerged, with its counterpointing biases. The gap between them is, however, narrowing with the emerging view, backed by the study of placebo and psychoneuroimmunology,1 that to ignore whole person factors is unscientific and less successful.

Almost 20 years ago young doctors' interest in complementary medicine surfaced,2 presaging major changes in Western medicine that seemed unimaginable at the time. For example, acupuncture is now used in most chronic pain services,3 and about 20% of Scottish general practitioners have basic training in homoeopathy.4 But is integration just bolting on the scientifically proved bits of complementary medicine to the “leaning Tower of Pisa” of orthodoxy?5 To stop there …
The tumor suppressor gene DLEC1 is frequently silenced by DNA methylation in hepatocellular carcinoma and induces G1 arrest in cell cycle
Authors: Guo-Hua Qiu, Manuel Salto-Tellez, James A. Ross, Winnie Yeo, Yan Cui, Nicholas Wheelhouse, George G. Chen, David Harrison, Paul Lai, Qian Tao, Shing Chuan Hooi
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2008)
Depression Phobia, or the Triumph of Psychiatry
Authors: Giovanni A. Fava
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1996)

Case Reports| February 18 2010 Depression Phobia, or the Triumph of Psychiatry Subject Area: Psychiatry and Psychology Giovanni A. Fava Giovanni A. Fava Department of Psychology, University of Bologna, Italy Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Psychother Psychosom (1996) 65 (4): 169–170. https://doi.org/10.1159/000289071 Article history Published Online: February 18 2010 Content Tools Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Giovanni A. Fava; Depression Phobia, or the Triumph of Psychiatry. Psychother Psychosom 1 April 1996; 65 (4): 169–170. https://doi.org/10.1159/000289071 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsPsychotherapy and Psychosomatics Search Advanced Search Article PDF first page preview Close Modal This content is only available via PDF. 1996Copyright / Drug Dosage / DisclaimerCopyright: All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be translated into other languages, reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, microcopying, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher.Drug Dosage: The authors and the publisher have exerted every effort to ensure that drug selection and dosage set forth in this text are in accord with current recommendations and practice at the time of publication. However, in view of ongoing research, changes in government regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to drug therapy and drug reactions, the reader is urged to check the package insert for each drug for any changes in indications and dosage and for added warnings and precautions. This is particularly important when the recommended agent is a new and/or infrequently employed drug.Disclaimer: The statements, opinions and data contained in this publication are solely those of the individual authors and contributors and not of the publishers and the editor(s). The appearance of advertisements or/and product references in the publication is not a warranty, endorsement, or approval of the products or services advertised or of their effectiveness, quality or safety. The publisher and the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to persons or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements. You do not currently have access to this content.
Acute Interstitial Nephritis with the Nephrotic Syndrome Following Recombinant Leukocyte A Interferon Therapy for Mycosis Fungoides
Authors: Steven D. Averbuch, Howard A. Austin, Stephen A. Sherwin, Tatiana Antonovych, Paul A. Bunn, Dan L. Longo
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1984)

RECOMBINANT leukocyte A interferon is a highly purified single molecular species of alpha interferon that is produced by recombinant-DNA methods and has been shown to have biologic activity.1 The compound is currently being tested in patients with cancer in order to assess its toxicity and therapeutic efficacy.2 3 4 Previously reported side effects include fever, chills, fatigue, anorexia, myalgias, nausea and vomiting, headache, and dose-dependent, reversible leukopenia and hepatic transaminase elevations.2 3 4 We report here on a patient who had reversible acute renal insufficiency and the nephrotic syndrome after being treated with recombinant leukocyte A interferon for mycosis fungoides. The clinical syndrome and . . .
Research Paper of the Year award 2013
Authors: Trish Groves
Journal: BMJ (2013)

<h3>ABSTRACT</h3> Adult zebrafish fins develop and robustly regenerate an elaborately branched bony ray skeleton. During caudal fin regeneration, basal epidermal-expressed Sonic hedgehog (Shh) locally promotes ray branching by partitioning pools of adjacent progenitor osteoblasts (pObs). We investigated if and how Shh signaling similarly functions during developmental ray branching. As during regeneration, <i>shha</i> is uniquely expressed by basal epidermal cells (bEps) overlying pOb pools at the distal aspect of outgrowing juvenile fins. Lateral splitting of each <i>shha</i>-expressing epidermal domain followed by the pOb pools precedes overt ray branching. We use <i>ptch2:Kaede</i> fish and Kaede photoconversion to identify short stretches of <i>shha</i>+ bEps and tightly juxtaposed pObs as the active zone of Hh/Smoothened (Smo) signaling. Basal epidermal distal collective cell migration continuously replenishes each <i>shha</i>+ domain with individual cells transiently expressing and responding to Shh. In contrast, pObs maintain Hh/Smo activity until differentiating. Hh/Smo inhibition using the small molecule BMS-833923 (BMS) prevents branching in all fins, paired and unpaired, with minimal effects on fin outgrowth or skeletal differentiation. Staggered addition of BMS indicates Hh/Smo signaling acts throughout the branching process. We use live time-lapse imaging and cell tracking to find Hh/Smo signaling restrains the distal movement of bEps by apparent ‘tethering’ to pObs. We conclude short-range Shh/Smo signaling enables ray branching by re-positioning pObs during both fin development and regeneration. We propose instructive basal epidermal collective migration and Shh/Smo-promoted heterotypic cell adhesion between bEps and pObs underlies this unique branching morphogenesis.
Non-communicable diseases in the Arab world
Authors: Hanan F Abdul Rahim, Abla Sibai, Yousef Khader, Nahla Hwalla, Ibtihal Fadhil, Huda Alsiyabi, Awad Mataria, Shanthi Mendis, Ali H Mokdad, Abdullatif Husseini
Journal: The Lancet (2014)
Monoclonal antibodies to Pgp-1/CD44 block lympho-hemopoiesis in long-term bone marrow cultures.
Authors: K Miyake, K L Medina, S Hayashi, S Ono, T Hamaoka, P W Kincade
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1990)

A new panel of mAbs was prepared to a stromal cell line known to support lymphocytes in Whitlock-Witte type long-term bone marrow cultures. These antibodies were then screened with a cell adhesion assay and four were selected that inhibited the binding of B lineage cells to stromal cell monolayers. Immunofluorescent and biochemical analyses revealed that these new antibodies detected epitopes of the previously described Pgp-1/CD44 antigen complex. Addition of Pgp-1/CD44 antibodies to Dexter-type long-term bone marrow cultures completely prevented emergence of myeloid cells and they also blocked lymphocyte growth in Whitlock-Witte type cultures. mAbs MEL-14, LFA-1, and CD45R did not inhibit under the same conditions and there was no apparent relationship to Ig isotype. Adherent layers in treated cultures were not unusual in terms of morphology and the antibodies did not affect factor-dependent replication of lymphoid or myeloid progenitor cells. Therefore, the mechanism of inhibition may not involve direct toxicity to precursors or microenvironmental elements. Previous studies in humans and mice have implicated Pgp-1/CD44-related glycoproteins in the migration of peripheral lymphoid cells, as well as interactions of cells with the extracellular matrix. These findings suggest that they may also be critical for formation of lymphoid and myeloid cells within bone marrow.
Toilet Paper Dermatitis
Authors: Louis Keith
Journal: JAMA (1969)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> In spite of limited exposure, the anogenital region can be affected by a number of irritants,<sup>1</sup>some of which may lead to contact dermatitis.<sup>2</sup>These act either as allergens or primary irritants. Causative agents frequently noted are dyes in underclothing, condoms, douches, contraceptive jellies, sanitary napkins, substances carried by the hands, systemic antibiotics, rubber products included in supporters and elastic girdles, soaps, and perfumes. The clinical manifestations of these dermatoses vary with the inciting agent, the affected site, and the individual's allergic responsiveness. In recent months we have noted another interesting variation of this entity; contact dermatitis caused by perfumed toilet papers. The presenting complaint was the acute onset of mild to severe pruritus. The periurethral area and the vagina were involved in the females and the perianal area in both males and females. Local signs of inflammation were noted with occasional evidences of excoriation.
Left handedness and breast cancer
Authors: Cuno S P M Uiterwaal, Diederick E Grobbee
Journal: BMJ (2005)

EDITOR—We did not first find an association and only then start speculating about mechanisms. As clearly indicated in our paper, first came a hypothesis about influences in the womb, including exposure to steroids, and breast cancer risk.1 Like the group that proposed this hypothesis,2 we used handedness as a putative marker for such early life influences. As we did find an association which is obviously not directly causal, we subsequently speculated that the original hypothesis might underlie it.

Speculations are different from conclusions. We speculated that our findings may support other …
Serum lymphocytotoxic antibodies and neurocognitive function in systemic lupus erythematosus.
Authors: A A Long, S D Denburg, R M Carbotte, D P Singal, J A Denburg
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1990)

The hypothesis that lymphocytotoxic antibodies are associated with neuropsychiatric involvement in systemic lupus erythematosus (NP-SLE) is re-evaluated in this study. In an unselected cohort of 98 women with SLE a cross-sectional study has been performed to analyse associations among standardised clinical, neurological, and neuropsychological assessments and lymphocytotoxic antibodies measured by microcytotoxicity assay. Fifty patients showed objective clinical evidence of continuing or past NP-SLE and 54 patients had cognitive impairment. In accordance with previous observations 44% (24/54) of the cognitively impaired group did not have clinically detectable evidence of NP-SLE. Although lymphocytotoxic antibodies were found to be only marginally more prevalent in those patients with a clinical diagnosis of NP-SLE than in those without (32% v 23%), these antibodies were significantly associated with cognitive impairment (chi 2 = 5.42; p less than 0.02). No association was detected between lymphocytotoxic antibodies and either overall systemic disease activity or other organ system involvement, suggesting that the association between lymphocytotoxic antibodies and cognitive dysfunction in SLE is specific.
Localization of allergenic molecules in pollen grains
Authors: YRJÖ MÄKINEN
Journal: Allergy (1985)

The wall of the mature pollen grain contains several layers, of which the outermost, the exine, is formed by the mother plant. Numerous proteins are incorporated in the exine. During the normal germination process on the stigma, these proteins interact with the stigmatic proteins. The interaction results into either enhancement or cessation of the pollen tube growth. It has been shown that most of these proteins diffuse into surrounding solutions already in a few seconds. They also cause allergic reactions in man. The diffusion of proteins and their allergic properties are not dependent on the germination of the pollen grains, and probably not either on their viability. The pollen grains of conifers are very weak allergens; their structure and function are different from those of the remaining flowering plants.
Ciprofloxacin Treatment of Typhus
Authors: Molly Eaton
Journal: JAMA (1989)

<h3>To the Editor. —</h3> Ciprofloxacin is a quinolone antibiotic that is effective against a variety of bacterial pathogens. In vitro activity against Rickettsiaceae has been documented,<sup>1,2</sup>but there are few successful case reports of treatment.<sup>3</sup>We present two cases of rickettsial disease in which fever and constitutional symptoms resolved within 72 hours of starting ciprofloxacin therapy. These diagnoses were established by indirect immunoperoxidase antirickettsial immunoassays<sup>4</sup>on paired serum samples performed at the Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand. <h3>Report of Cases.— Case 1.—</h3> A 33-year-old Dutch man working in Nepal presented with 6 days of fever (temperature as high as 39.5°C), severe headaches, and myalgias. Ten days before the onset of symptoms he stayed with a Nepalese family and sustained multiple bites from insects in their straw mattress. His temperature was 38.6°C, his pulse rate was 104 beats per minute, and his blood
Chlamydial Pneumonia in Infants
Authors: Margaret R. Hammerschlag
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1978)

Schachter1 recently reviewed the impressive progress that has been made in understanding of chlamydial infections, since Halberstaedter and von Prowazeck demonstrated the characteristic cytoplasmic inclusions in conjunctival scrapings from patients with trachoma.2 Chlamydia trachomatis is an intracellular parasite with many of the characteristics of bacteria, including susceptibility to several antimicrobial agents such as sulfisoxazole, tetracycline or erythromycin. It is responsible for 30 to 50 per cent of cases of nongonococcal urethritis in men,1 and in women, chlamydiae can cause cervicitis, which is often asymptomatic. Infants may acquire the organism during delivery, with development of neonatal inclusion conjunctivitis (inclusion blennorrhea). Since . . .
Attenuation of Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury by Superinduction of Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase
Authors: Shinichi Kanno, Paul C. Lee, Yuqing Zhang, Chien Ho, Bartley P. Griffith, Larry L. Shears, Timothy R. Billiar
Journal: Circulation (2000)

Background —Nitric oxide (NO) has been implicated as a mediator in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, but its functional properties have been conflicting. We investigated whether NO has a protective role against I/R injury. Methods and Results —Using endothelial NO synthase knockout (eNOS KO) mice, inducible NOS KO mice, the NO donor S -nitroso- N -acetylpenicillamine (SNAP), and the NOS inhibitor N -iminoethyl- l -ornithine (L-NIO), we performed studies of isolated perfused hearts subjected to 30 minutes of global ischemia followed by reperfusion. After 60 minutes of reperfusion, nitrite levels in the coronary effluent in the SNAP and eNOS KO groups were significantly elevated compared with other groups. Immunoblot and immunohistochemistry showed that iNOS was markedly induced in the eNOS KO hearts. Under spontaneous beating conditions during reperfusion, increased NO activity was correlated with a prevention of the hyperdynamic contractile response and enhanced myocardial protection, as evidenced by a reduction in myocardial injury and infarct size. During prolonged reperfusion, SNAP-treated hearts were able to preserve contractile functions for 180 minutes, whereas L-NIO–treated hearts showed a sustained deterioration in contractility. Conclusions —NO protects against I/R injury by preventing the hyperdynamic response of isolated perfused hearts during early reperfusion. In the eNOS KO hearts, a paradoxical increase in NO production was seen, accompanied by a superinduction of iNOS, possibly due to an adaptive mechanism.
Endorphins and Ventilatory Control
Authors: Victor Chernick
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1981)

Opiate-receptor sites and enkephalins are found in high concentrations in the solitary nuclei and area postrema of the medulla. These areas are thought to be important as relay stations for a variety of chemical and sensory stimuli that affect ventilation. Thus, a number of investigators have looked for an effect of endogenous opioids on ventilatory control. Such studies have now been performed in fetal, neonatal, and adult animals as well as in adult human beings.The first study was performed in newborn rabbits.1 Profound asphyxia in the newborn animal produces a characteristic and reproducible response. At first there is hyperpnea; . . .