tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Asymptomatic Ischemia in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Elizabeth G. Nabel
Journal: JAMA (1987)

ANGINA pectoris is the hallmark symptom of coronary artery disease and its frequency and severity has traditionally provided the basis for evaluation and treatment. Assessment of patients with coronary artery disease and decisions regarding their treatment are usually based on the patient's subjective account of symptoms. Studies (exercise tolerance tests, radionuclide angiography, and coronary arteriography) performed during brief visits to the clinic or hospital can only provide an indirect estimate of the patient's ischemic activity out of the hospital. Recent studies suggest that a large population of adults with coronary artery disease experience many episodes of asymptomatic or silent transient myocardial ischemia on a daily basis, apart from the events that occur with pain.<sup>1,2</sup>Ambulatory electrocardiographic (ECG) monitoring of ST segments provides an objective measurement of transient ischemia during everyday life, and, as a result, a more extensive and detailed understanding of the pathophysiology of coronary artery disease has
Maternal Vernix Caseosa Peritonitis Following Premature Rupture of Fetal Membranes
Authors: Ira S. Schwartz
Journal: JAMA (1985)

MATERNAL vernix caseosa peritonitis is an unusual complication of pregnancy. We report a case diagnosed in a woman who had premature rupture of the fetal membranes. Uterine-tubal reflux, whereby amniotic fluid gained access to the peritoneal cavity, is suggested as etiologic in this case. <h3>Report of a Case</h3><h3>Clinical Findings.—</h3> A 31-year-old woman, para 01111, was admitted to the obstetrical service of the Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, three days after spontaneous rupture of the fetal membranes during the 25th week of an otherwise uneventful pregnancy. The patient was afebrile on admission with normal blood pressure and a nontender uterus without contractions, estimated to be 24 to 25 weeks by size. Real-time ultrasonography revealed a fetus of appropriate gestational age in breech presentation and a small amount of amniotic fluid. Sterile speculum examination revealed a closed cervix with leakage of nitrazine test-positive, clear fluid on Valsalva's maneuver. The fetal heart
Pulmonary vein isolation during minimally invasive mitral valve surgery: one-year follow-up
Authors: Sunil Mirchandani, Douglas S. Holmes, Larry A. Chinitz, Neil E. Bernstein, Robert M. Applebaum, Stephen B. Colvin, Aubrey C. Galloway, Eugene A. Grossi
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
Health concerns in Kosovo
Authors: Z Radovanovic
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Harrison differentiate between somatoform pain disorder and the simple adoption of the sick role by those who are aware that it may be to their advantage to complain?Finally, a plaintiffs failure to return to work after the settlement of litigation does not neces- sarily mean that he or she is psychologically sick.It may merely mean that, with the present level of unemployment and the difference between invalidity benefit and unemployment benefit, the incentive to return to work is low.All that the person has to do is to go on complaining: with the support of a psychiatrist who diagnoses somato- form pain disorder, the prospects for the future are rosy.
Macrophage complement and lectin-like receptors bind Leishmania in the absence of serum.
Authors: J M Blackwell, R A Ezekowitz, M B Roberts, J Y Channon, R B Sim, S Gordon
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1985)

We have examined the relative roles of the macrophage (M phi) plasma membrane receptor for the cleaved third complement component (iC3b, CR3) and of the mannosyl/fucosyl receptor (MFR) in binding and ingestion of Leishmania donovani. In the absence of exogenous complement, the binding and ingestion of promastigotes, which are good activators of the alternative complement pathway, were inhibited by the anti-CR3 monoclonal antibody M1/70, by the Fab portion of an anti-C3 antibody, or by the nucleophile, sodium salicyl hydroxamate, an inhibitor of C3 fixation. This provides strong evidence that M phi-derived, cleaved C3 (iC3b) present on the promastigote surface mediates binding to CR3. Equivalent inhibition of promastigote binding and ingestion was also observed using the soluble inhibitors of MFR activity, mannan or ribonuclease B. No additive effect for blocking the two M phi receptors simultaneously was observed. For amastigotes, which are poor activators of the alternative pathway, a lesser but nevertheless equivalent effect was observed for the three soluble inhibitors of CR3-mediated binding vs. the two soluble inhibitors of MFR-mediated binding. Modulation experiments in which either CR3 or MFR had been rendered inaccessible demonstrated that both receptors must be present on the segment of M phi membrane to which the parasite binds. The combined function of these two distinct M phi receptors may provide a general mechanism for recognition and ingestion of other pathogenic protozoa known to activate the alternative pathway.
Occupational Health Programs for House Staff Physicians
Authors: Sidney Lerner
Journal: JAMA (1982)

To the Editor.—  Dr Lewy points out a number of valid objectives for an occupational health program but did not include what is probably the most important one, whether it be for a hospital or industry, that is, to facilitate the placement of a worker in a job that can be performed without endangering the worker or others. Management, including that in hospitals, has a responsibility to ensure this is accomplished, particularly with regard to the health of others such as fellow employees and patients. Most, if not all, mandated examinations are primarily for the benefit of others. Education and voluntary participation are the obvious best approaches, but failure of the employee to comply does not relieve management of its responsibility and more importantly does not provide patients or fellow employees a safe environment to which they are entitled.
TCT-38 Two-Year Clinical Data Of Cohort 1 And Multi-Modality Imaging Results Up To 1-Year Follow-Up Of The BIOSOLVE-I Study With The Paclitaxel-Eluting Bioabsorbable Magnesium Scaffold (DREAMS)
Authors: Michael Haude, Raimund Erbel, Paul Erne, Stefan Verheye, Paul Vermeersch, Hubertus Degen, Dirk Boese, Ron Waksman, Neil Weissman, Francesco Prati, Jacques Koolen
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Indices of Apoptosis Activation After Blood Cardioplegia and Cardiopulmonary Bypass
Authors: Basel Ramlawi, Jun Feng, Shigetoshi Mieno, Csaba Szabo, Zsuzsanna Zsengeller, Richard Clements, Neel Sodha, Munir Boodhwani, Cesario Bianchi, Frank W. Sellke
Journal: Circulation (2006)

Background— Cardioplegic arrest (CA) using cold blood cardioplegia (CBC) has been reported to reduce ischemia-reperfusion (IR)-induced myocardial injury via apoptosis. We studied key apoptotic mediators via the caspase-dependent and intrinsic pathways as well as poly(ADP)-ribosylating protein (PARP) activity in myocardial and peripheral tissues after CA and cardiopulmonary bypass (CBP). Methods and Results— Right atrial (RA) and skeletal muscle(SM) was harvested from cardiac surgical patients with similar baseline characteristics (N =6) before and after CPB and CBC. Total and modified caspase-3, Bcl-2, Bad, apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF), and PARP were quantified by immunoblotting. Terminal caspase-3 activity was assessed and immunohistochemistry was performed for PARP and AIF. TUNEL staining was used for identification of apoptotic cells. Microarray gene expression analysis was performed using Affymetrix U95 GeneChip. In RA tissue, CA with CBC significantly increased phosphorylation of Bcl-2 (Ser 70 ), Bad (Ser 112 ) (2.63±0.4 and 1.77±0.3-fold respectively; P &lt;0.05), and cleavage of the downstream caspase 3 (1.45±0.1-fold; P &lt;0.05). There was no significant change in total protein levels. Also, there was an increase in mature AIF (57 kDa) levels (1.22±0.01-fold; P &lt;0.05) and a trend toward nuclear translocation on histological staining. Caspase 3 activity was increased 1.5±0.14-fold ( P &lt;0.05). The number of apoptotic cells in atrial tissue increased after compared with before CPB/CA using TUNEL staining (1.55±0.66 versus 0.325±0.05%, respectively; P =0.03). In contrast, SM samples did not show any of the changes observed in RA tissue after CPB. Conclusion— Despite optimal current surgical myocardial protection, we found that CA with CBC induced both programmed cell death and survival signaling in myocardial tissue.
Rheb is a Critical Regulator of Autophagy During Myocardial Ischemia
Authors: Sebastiano Sciarretta, Peiyong Zhai, Dan Shao, Yasuhiro Maejima, Jeffrey Robbins, Massimo Volpe, Gianluigi Condorelli, Junichi Sadoshima
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Rheb is a GTP-binding protein that promotes cell survival and mediates the cellular response to energy deprivation (ED). The role of Rheb in the regulation of cell survival during ED has not been investigated in the heart.Rheb is inactivated during cardiomyocyte (CM) glucose deprivation (GD) in vitro, and during acute myocardial ischemia in vivo. Rheb inhibition causes mTORC1 inhibition, because forced activation of Rheb, through Rheb overexpression in vitro and through inducible cardiac-specific Rheb overexpression in vivo, restored mTORC1 activity. Restoration of mTORC1 activity reduced CM survival during GD and increased infarct size after ischemia, both of which were accompanied by inhibition of autophagy, whereas Rheb knockdown increased autophagy and CM survival. Rheb inhibits autophagy mostly through Atg7 depletion. Restoration of autophagy, through Atg7 reexpression and inhibition of mTORC1, increased cellular ATP content and reduced endoplasmic reticulum stress, thereby reducing CM death induced by Rheb activation. Mice with high-fat diet-induced obesity and metabolic syndrome (HFD mice) exhibited deregulated cardiac activation of Rheb and mTORC1, particularly during ischemia. HFD mice presented inhibition of cardiac autophagy and displayed increased ischemic injury. Pharmacological and genetic inhibition of mTORC1 restored autophagy and abrogated the increase in infarct size observed in HFD mice, but they failed to protect HFD mice in the presence of genetic disruption of autophagy.Inactivation of Rheb protects CMs during ED through activation of autophagy. Rheb and mTORC1 may represent therapeutic targets to reduce myocardial damage during ischemia, particularly in obese patients.
Contractile properties of isolated porcine ventricular myocytes
Authors: F. G Spinale, R. Mukherjee, B M. Fulbright, J. Hu, F. A Crawford, M. R Zile
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1993)

The aim was to examine the structure, function, and inotropic responsiveness of isolated porcine myocytes.Left ventricular myocytes were harvested from six pigs with normal echocardiographic and pressure indices of left ventricular function: fractional shortening 30 (SEM 2)%, peak+dP/dt 1225(110) mm Hg.s-1, end diastolic pressure 7(2) mm Hg, and cardiac output 2.8(0.5) litres.min-1. Indices of myocyte contractility were examined using a computer assisted video edge detection system which included the percent and velocity of myocyte shortening. Myocyte contractions were recorded by alternating field stimulation at 1 Hz and measurements performed in the presence of 2-10 mM extracellular Ca2+. Contractile properties of isolated porcine myocytes were examined unattached (n = 20) or following attachment to a basement membrane substrate (n = 63).Left ventricular myocytes were successfully obtained from all pigs with a 68% average yield of viable myocytes. Isolated myocyte length was 128(6) microns with an average profile surface area of 2226(51) microns 2 (coefficients of variation of 25% and 35% respectively). Electron microscopic examination showed normal cytoarchitecture with 62(4)% myofibrils by volume. Baseline extent and velocity of shortening for unattached myocytes was 6.2% and 77(10) microns.s-1 respectively. Baseline extent and velocity of shortening for myocytes adherent to a basement substrate were 4.9(0.4)% and 64(7) microns.s-1. These indices of myocyte contractile function increased from baseline values for both the unattached and attached cells with increased extracellular Ca2+.Isolated porcine left ventricular myocytes retain normal cytoarchitecture and composition, respond to field stimulation, and are responsive to extracellular Ca2+. Myocytes adherent to a basement membrane substrate were capable of contracting against this resistive load.
Endoscopic flushing with pronase improves the quantity and quality of gastric biopsy: a prospective study
Authors: Sun-Young Lee, Hye Han, Jae Cha, Yu Cho, Gwang Kim, Il-Kwun Chung
Journal: Endoscopy (2014)

<b>Background and study aims:</b> Pronase, a proteolytic enzyme, is known to improve mucosal visibility during esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD), but little is known about its effects on gastric biopsy. This study assessed whether endoscopic flushing with pronase improves the quality of gastric biopsy. <b>Patients and methods:</b> Consecutive patients who underwent EGD were randomly assigned to either the control group or the pronase group in a prospective setting. The first biopsy of the identified lesion was performed during endoscopy. Endoscopic flushing with either 50 mL of water and dimethylpolysiloxane (DMPS; control group) or 50 mL of water, pronase, sodium bicarbonate, and DMPS (pronase group) was then applied to the lesion. After 5 minutes, the second biopsy was performed 2 – 3 mm away from the first biopsy site. The thickness of mucus, depth of the specimen, overall diagnostic adequacy, anatomical orientation, and crush artifact were measured to assess the quality of the biopsy. <b>Results:</b> Of the 208 patients, 10 were not analyzed due to the absence of an identifiable lesion. Compared with the control group, the pronase group showed significantly decreased thickness of mucus (<i>P</i> < 0.001), increased depth of biopsy (<i>P</i> < 0.001), improved anatomical orientation (<i>P</i> = 0.010), and improved overall diagnostic assessment (<i>P</i> = 0.011) in the second biopsied specimen following endoscopic flushing. The crush artifact and hemorrhage did not differ between the groups. <b>Conclusions:</b> Endoscopic flushing with pronase not only improved the depth of biopsy but also the anatomical orientation and overall diagnostic adequacy. Pronase can be recommended for flushing during EGD to improve the quantity and quality of biopsy.
My New Year's wish is for an effective sunscreen
Authors: D. Kamerow
Journal: BMJ (2014)

President Obama signs bill to help US close the sunscreen gap



And now for something completely different: sunscreens and health policy. The United States, bastion of high technology, may in the next year or two finally catch up to the rest of the world in the availability of effective sunscreen preparations. In a rare show of bipartisanship between Republicans and Democrats and of cooperation between Congress and the White House, Congress passed and the president has now signed into law the Sunscreen Innovation Act.

A little background. The sun’s ultraviolet rays are of two major types, both deleterious to human skin and health. UVB rays cause burning and contribute to cancer risk, and UVA rays, penetrating more deeply, cause skin aging and also increase cancer risk. SPF, the skin protective factor number that we’ve all come to love and search for on our sunscreen’s label, measures only the sunscreen’s effectiveness in blocking UVB rays. Thus, it does not tell the …
Antipsychotic-Induced Weight Gain in Patients With Schizophrenia—Reply
Authors: Jing-Ping Zhao
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
THE USE OF LARGE PROBES IN STENOSIS OF THE LACHRYMAL DUCT.
Authors: MELVILLE BLACK
Journal: JAMA (1898)

In the presentation of this subject no reference is made to such mild cases of lachrymal stenosis as can be relieved by probing the canaliculi with small probes, followed by syringing, nor to cases dependent upon closure of the lower opening of the duct by pressure from the inferior turbinated body. The class to which I desire to call attention is that of true stenosis of the lachrymal duct, in which mild measures and nasal treatment are of no avail. In order to pass a large probe down the lachrymal duct it is first necessary to slit a canaliculus. It is very important that the canaliculus of lesser function should be selected. The punctum and canaliculus of the lower lid unquestionably have greater function in draining the palpebral aperture of fluid than have the corresponding parts in the upper lid. Once the canaliculus is slit and its punctum destroyed, its
Toxicity of chloroprene, 1,3-dichlorobutene-2, and 1,4-dichlorobutene-2.
Authors: J J Clary
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1977)

A review of the toxicity of 1,3-dichlorobutene-2 (1,3-DCB), 1,4-dichlorobutene-2 (1,4-dcb), and 2-chlorobutadiene, 1,3 (beta-chloroprene) was undertaken with an emphasis on assessing the hazards of these materials in the industrial situation. 1,3-DCB is a by-product of beta-chloroprene from the acetylene route, with 1,4-DCB is an intermediate in the production of beta-chloroprene from the butadiene route, the production route used in the U.S. Presented in the review is a summary of the acute toxicity including mutagen testing, skin, eye, and inhalation testing of these compounds. In addition, subacute inhalation testing, embryotoxicity, teratogenicity, and carcinogenicity are also reviewed where the information is available.
A 54-Year-Old Man With Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Authors: Samuel T. Kuna
Journal: JAMA (2002)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Diagnosis of atrial thrombi by ultrasound.
Authors: R M Donaldson, M Ballester, E Olsen
Journal: Thorax (1982)

Left atrial thrombi were shown by two-dimensional echocardiography in three patients with mitral valve disease and neurological symptoms. In two patients the atrial thrombi had probably been the source of a previous cerebrovascular embolus. In the third, two-dimensional echocardiography detected the development of a recent ball-valve thrombus in the left atrial cavity, which caused intermittent obstruction and syncope. Echocardiographic findings were correlated with anatomical and histological data in all three patients. The spatial orientation provided by the multiple imaging planes of two-dimensional echocardiography permitted correct estimates of the size and position of the thrombus, and this mode was superior to the standard M-mode technique for non-invasive imaging of thrombus. Despite limitations of technique and resolution, the information provided by ultrasound can be extremely helpful in the management of patients. Ultrasonic screening (particularly the two-dimensional mode) is to be recommended in patients with neurological symptoms and clinical evidence of cardiac disease or arrhythmia.
STUDIES ON THE FILTRABILITY OF BACTERIUM GRANULOSIS
Authors: P. K. Olitsky, R. E. Knutti, J. R. Tyler
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1931)

The evidence hitherto reported concerning the filtration of trachomatous material, and inoculation of man and monkeys with the filtrates points to the conclusion that the incitant of trachoma is not, as a rule, filtrable. Our findings confirm this view and indicate further that no virus causing the disease is adsorbed to Bacterium granulosis. On the other hand, Bacterium granulosis itself in heavy suspensions is irregularly filtrable through Berkefeld V candles, like some other bacteria (14), but it is present in the filtrates in only small numbers. When suspensions were used of trachomatous human and monkey tissues, which contain much fewer organisms than do actual cultures, Bacterium granulosis was never recovered from the filtrates. The conception that trachoma is a disease caused by an ultramicroscopic virus is based on (a) the positive results of filtration in two animals, as reported by Nicolle and his coworkers, and (b) the presence of so called "inclusion bodies" in some of the cells of the lesions. One can state definitely that the evidence is now greatly against the filtrability of the etiological agent of trachoma. Furthermore, filtrability does not in itself suffice for the classification of an agent as an ultramicroscopic virus. Concerning (b), a vast literature has accumulated which indicates that the "inclusion bodies" of trachoma are not specific for the disease and that the bodies themselves may be bacterial in origin (15). We have not as yet found bodies of the kind characteristic of many filtrable viruses in the tissues of man or of monkeys with the experimental disease.
A fully rational life
Authors: T. Dalrymple
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Theodor Gomperz (1832-1912) was a great Austrian classicist who impressed and was impressed by Freud: indeed it was he who commissioned Freud to translate a volume of John Stuart Mill’s work into German. Gomperz’s son, a philosopher, was a patient of Freud’s for a time.

Gomperz devoted a chapter in his great four volume history of classical philosophy to the Greek doctors, especially to Hippocrates and the school of Cos. He was extremely complimentary about them, seeing them as forerunners not only of rational medicine but of a properly empirical and scientific approach to the phenomena of nature as a whole.

To Gomperz primitive medicine was merely absurd: “As well …