tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Points: Health Service strikes
Authors: R. Henryk-Gutt, S K Ghosh
Journal: BMJ (1982)

August, p 421), any doctor interested in relieving the dire poverty and hunger in the Third World might be interested in joining the World Development Movement, Bedford Chambers, Covent Gar- den, London WC2E 8HA.This is an organisa- tion which campaigns for a fairer deal for the Third World through activities including lobbying MPs on the implementations of the Brandt Report....
Correlation Between Morphologic Characteristics and Local Temperature Differences in Culprit Lesions of Patients With Symptomatic Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Konstantinos Toutouzas, Andreas Synetos, Elli Stefanadi, Sophia Vaina, Virginia Markou, Manolis Vavuranakis, Eleftherios Tsiamis, Dimitrios Tousoulis, Christodoulos Stefanadis
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2007)
Abstract P4-05-01: Molecular Interactions between Human Adipocytes and Breast Cancer Cells May Underline Increased Breast Cancer Incidence in Obese Postmenopausal Women
Authors: N Siriwardhana, N Moustaid-Mossa, J. Wimalasena
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract There is an increasing body of evidence that obesity, metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance, and diabetes may substantially increase the risk and modify the outcome of a variety of cancers including postmenopausal breast cancer (BC). In has been proposed that stromal adipose tissue is activated in these metabolic diseases and that the activated stroma regulates function of cancer cells. Much of the stroma in the breast is made of adipocytes (AD) and AD and resident immune cells, such as macrophages, secrete cytokines/chemokines which have direct regulatory actions on BC cells. The latter may, in turn, regulate the behavior of AD. We have initiated studies where cultured AD from obese individuals is co-cultured with BC cells (such as MCF-7 and MDA MB 231 cells) in a 3 dimensional (3D) Matrigel co-culture system or non tumorigenic MCF10A cells.We quantitatively measured the changes in 26pro-inflammatory/anti-inflammatory cytokines(using Millipore multiplex ELISA) secreted into culture media. Of the 12 differentially regulated cytokines the expression levels of 6 cytokines (Eotaxin, G-CSF, and IL1α. IL-6, IL-8 and MCP-1) were significantly different between treatments. Secretion of Eotaxin, G-CSF, IL-6 and MCP-1) cytokines from obese adipocytes were significantly higher than the lean adipocyte and the opposite was recorded for IL-8. Further, the secretion of G-CSF, IL-6 and MCP-1 was significantly different in the order of MCF10A &amp;lt;MCF7 &amp;lt; MDA MB 231. In the co-cultures with adipocytes IL-6, IL-8 and MCP-1 showed different secretion levels when lean or obese adipocytes were cocultured with BC cells(e.g. the IL-6 secretion was increased in the order of MCF10A &amp;lt;MCF7 &amp;lt; MDA MB 231 in lean cells but in obese cells the order was changed to MDA MB &amp;lt;MCF10A &amp;lt; MCF7). Further, we measured the differences in 3D acini sizes in the 3D co-cultures, MCF7 cell formed irregular and growth unrestricted structures and when compared to the lean adipocytes diameter measured was 17% higher in the presence of obese adipocytes. The same pattern was observed when monolayer culture media from obese adipocytes were transferred into growing MCF7 cells and growth measured by MTT assay. These data suggest that adipocytes from lean and obese women regulate BC functions differently and such differences may underlie the promotional effect of obesity in BC. Further studies are underway to dissect the molecular mechanisms by which differentially regulated cytokines influence the behavior of BC cells. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2010;70(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P4-05-01.
HLA-DR patterns in pernicious anaemia.
Authors: B Ungar, J D Mathews, B D Tait, D C Cowling
Journal: BMJ (1981)

The pattern of HLA-DR antigens was studied in a group of 66 patients with Addisonian pernicious anaemia, comprising a subgroup of 18 patients with associated endocrine disease and a subgroup of 48 patients with no associated endocrine disease. Compared with a control group of 120 subjects all 66 patients showed an increase in HLA-DR2 and DR4 and a decrease in DR3 (p less than 0.02). Significant differences were also found between the endocrine and non-endocrine subgroups for patterns of HLA-DR antigens (p less than 0.005) and for pairwise combinations of HLA-DR antigens (p less than 0.01). Relative to controls, the endocrine subgroup showed an increase of HLA-DR3/DR4 (relative risk 4.0), contrasting with an increase of HLA-DR2/DR4 (relative risk 6.85) and DR4/DR5 (relative risk 5.38) in the non-endocrine subgroup. These observations suggest that HLA-DR antigens or closely linked genes may interact to influence susceptibility to pernicious anaemia (or endocrine disease, or both). Thus interactive effects related to HLA-DR2/DR4 and DR4/DR5 may predispose to pernicious anaemia without endocrine disease, whereas interactive effects related to HLA-DR3/DR4 may predispose to pernicious anaemia in association with endocrine disease.
A CASE OF SYPHILIS, PHTHISIS, AND LOCOMOTOR ATAXIA
Authors: H. G. Sutherland
Journal: BMJ (1908)

specially lndicated.in eases requising the exhibition of amall doses ol eircury frequently repeated, in cases in which the pattient is also tuberaulous, in which the func- tions of" the liver and kidneys are not being carried out eatisfactorily, in nervous women, in the milder forms of ocular lesions, and In those whose digestion is impaired, and who are conpequently intolerant of the drug-when
Lenalidomide and CC-4047 Inhibit the Proliferation of Malignant B Cells while Expanding Normal CD34+ Progenitor Cells
Authors: Dominique Verhelle, Laura G. Corral, Kevin Wong, Jessica H. Mueller, Laure Moutouh-de Parseval, Kristen Jensen-Pergakes, Peter H. Schafer, Roger Chen, Emilia Glezer, Gregory D. Ferguson, Antonia Lopez-Girona, George W. Muller, Helen A. Brady, Kyle W.H. Chan
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

Clinical studies involving patients with myelodysplastic syndromes or multiple myeloma have shown the efficacy of lenalidomide by reducing and often eliminating malignant cells while restoring the bone marrow function. To better understand these clinical observations, we investigated and compared the effects of lenalidomide and a structurally related analogue, CC-4047, on the proliferation of two different human hematopoietic cell models: the Namalwa cancer cell line and normal CD34+ progenitor cells. Both compounds had antiproliferative effects on Namalwa cells and pro-proliferative effects on CD34+ cells, whereas p21WAF-1 expression was up-regulated in both cell types. In Namalwa cells, the up-regulation of p21WAF-1 correlated well with the inhibition of cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) 2, CDK4, and CDK6 activity leading to pRb hypophosphorylation and cell cycle arrest, whereas in CD34+ progenitor cells the increase of p21WAF-1 did not inhibit proliferation. Similarly, antiproliferation results were observed in two B lymphoma cell lines (LP-1 and U266) but interestingly not in normal B cells where a protection of apoptosis was found. Finally, CC-4047 and lenalidomide had synergistic effects with valproic acid [a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor] by increasing the apoptosis of Namalwa cells and enhancing CD34+ cell expansion. Our results indicate that lenalidomide and CC-4047 have opposite effects in tumor cells versus normal cells and could explain, at least in part, the reduction of malignant cells and the restoration of bone marrow observed in patients undergoing lenalidomide treatment. Moreover, this study provides new insights on the cellular pathways affected by lenalidomide and CC-4047, proposes new potential clinical uses, such as bone marrow regeneration, and suggests that the combination of lenalidomide or CC-4047 with certain HDAC inhibitors may elevate the therapeutic index in the treatment of hematologic malignancies.
Exacerbation of chronic liver disease due to hepatitis B surface antigen after delta infection.
Authors: A G Shattock, J F Fielding
Journal: BMJ (1983)

This letter to the editor commented on a finding that in Italy, delta infection acquired by a hepatitis B carrier was severely detrimental to the patient. The authors of this letter stated that in Ireland they had found that the acquisition of delta infection and hepatitis B simultaneously was not usually associated with severe hepatitis. They also noted that similar results had been found in Sweden. Their evidence emanated from a study of 212 drug abusers with hepatitis B and five longterm drug abusing carriers of hepatitis B surface antigen.
Doctors maintain patients' dependence, whereas counsellors give them control
Authors: J. Menage
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Editor—In her news item on counselling in general practice Alison Boulton quotes remarks by Dr Bonnie Sibbald about patient confidentiality and outcome.1 These remarks exemplify the lack of understanding of many medical professionals about counselling and make me wonder whether primary care is the best place for counsellors to work.

Counselling and medicine are of different cultures. Medicine is expert centred, whereas counselling is client centred. Medical …
806 SEVERE HEPATITIS C RECURRENCE AFTER LIVER TRANSPLANTATION (LT) WITH DONATION AFTER CARDIAC DEATH (DCD) ORGANS IS ALMOST UNIVERSAL AT 3 YEARS
Authors: J.A. Ortiz, E.L. Feyssa, M.A. Niazi, A. Azhar, A. Parsikia, K. Tufail, N. Hashemi, A.H. Malek, S. Campos, K. Khanmoradi, R. Zaki, V. Araya
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
Enhanced Tumor Accumulation of Sub‐2 nm Gold Nanoclusters for Cancer Radiation Therapy
Authors: Xiao‐Dong Zhang, Jie Chen, Zhentao Luo, Di Wu, Xiu Shen, Sha‐Sha Song, Yuan‐Ming Sun, Pei‐Xun Liu, Jing Zhao, Shuaidong Huo, Saijun Fan, Feiyue Fan, Xing‐Jie Liang, Jianping Xie
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2013)

A new type of metabolizable and efficient radiosensitizer for cancer radiotherapy is presented in this study by combining ultrasmall Au nanoclusters (NCs, <2 nm) with biocompatible coating ligands (glutathione, GSH). The new nano-construct (GSH-coated Au25 NCs) inherits attractive features of both the Au core (strong radiosensitizing effect) and GSH shell (good biocompatibility). It can preferentially accumulate in tumor via the improved EPR effect, which leads to strong enhancement for cancer radiotherapy. After the treatment, the small-sized GSH-Au25 NCs can be efficiently cleared by the kidney, minimizing any potential side effects due to the accumulation of Au25 NCs in the body.
Mechanism of Pressor Response to l-Norepinephrine During Hemorrhagic Shock
Authors: NOBLE O. FOWLER, ROBERT FRANCH
Journal: Circulation Research (1957)

Dogs were bled 50 ml./min. until mean systemic pressure approximated 35 mm. Hg. Blood pressure was maintained at this level for 30 min. l-Norepinephrine was then infused in amounts sufficient to increase systemic blood pressure to twice the shock level or more. Measurements of systemic blood pressure, right atrial and pulmonary arterial pressures and of direct Fick cardiac output were made in the control period, during shock, during norepinephrine infusion, and following discontinuation of norepinephrine. Both cardiac output and peripheral resistance increased during the infusion of norepinephrine.
Genetic assimilation of behaviour does not eliminate learning and innovation
Authors: Gavin R. Hunt, Russell D. Gray
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2007)

Abstract Ramsey et al. attempt to clarify methodological issues for identifying innovative behaviour. Their effort is seriously weakened by an underlying presumption that the behavior of primates is generally learned and that of non-primates is generally “innate.” This presumption is based on a poor grasp of the non-primate literature and a flawed understanding of how learned behaviour is genetically assimilated.
SYPHILIS OF THE LUNG
Authors: ALFRED FRIEDLANDER
Journal: JAMA (1922)

I do not believe that any man can do this urologie work.I have seen barium used in a child with dilated ureters, the result of a con¬ genital deformity, and the outcome was anything but satis¬ factory.We know that in adults, some fatal results have attended the use of different substances employed in urog- raphy.There is a distinct danger attached to it, and the impression should not go out that one can use any medium at all.I am interested to know what medium
ABVD Compared With BEACOPP Compared With CEC for the Initial Treatment of Patients With Advanced Hodgkin's Lymphoma: Results From the HD2000 Gruppo Italiano per lo Studio dei Linfomi Trial
Authors: Massimo Federico, Stefano Luminari, Emilio Iannitto, Giuseppe Polimeno, Luigi Marcheselli, Antonella Montanini, Antonio La Sala, Francesco Merli, Caterina Stelitano, Samantha Pozzi, Renato Scalone, Nicola Di Renzo, Pellegrino Musto, Luca Baldini, Giulia Cervetti, Francesco Angrilli, Patrizio Mazza, Maura Brugiatelli, Paolo G. Gobbi
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

To compare doxorubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine, dacarbazine (ABVD) versus bleomycin, etoposide, doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, vincristine, procarbazine, and prednisone (BEACOPP) versus cyclophosphamide, lomustine, vindesine, melphalan, prednisone, epidoxirubicin, vincristine, procarbazine, vinblastine, and bleomycin (COPPEBVCAD; CEC) for advanced Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL).Three hundred seven patients with advanced HL (stage IIB, III, and IV) were randomly assigned to receive six courses of ABVD, four escalated plus two standard courses of BEACOPP, or six courses of CEC, plus a limited radiation therapy program.After a median follow-up of 41 months, BEACOPP resulted in a superior progression-free survival (PFS), with a significant reduction in risk of progression (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.50) compared with ABVD. No differences between BEACOPP and CEC, or CEC and ABVD were observed. The 5-year PFS was 68% (95% CI, 56% to 78%), 81% (95% CI, 70% to 89%), and 78% (95% CI, 68% to 86%), for ABVD, BEACOPP, and CEC, respectively (BEACOPP v ABVD, P = .038; CEC v ABVD and BEACOPP v CEC, P = not significant [NS]). The 5-year overall survival was 84% (95% CI, 69% to 92%), 92% (95% CI, 84% to 96%), and 91% (95% CI, 81% to 96%) for ABVD, BEACOPP, and CEC, respectively (P = NS). BEACOPP and CEC resulted in higher rates of grade 3-4 neutropenia than ABVD (P = .016); BEACOPP was associated with higher rates of severe infections than ABVD and CEC (P = .003).As adopted in this study BEACOPP is associated with a significantly improved PFS compared with ABVD, with a predictable higher acute toxicity.
225 Diagnosis of hepatic steatosis and fibrosis by transient elastography in asymptomatic healthy people: A prospective study in potential living related liver donors
Authors: K.M. Kim, S.H. Park, E.S. Yu, S.G. Lee, Y.S. Lim, H.C. Lee, Y.H. Chung, Y.S. Lee, D.J. Suh
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2006)
Reduction of free testosterone by antiepileptic drugs.
Authors: J Dana-Haeri, J Oxley, A Richens
Journal: BMJ (1982)

Pure red-cell aplasia: association with systemic lupus erythematosus and primary autoimmune hypothyroidism Pure red-cell aplasia has been reported in association with several autoimmune disorders, but not with primary autoimmune hypothyroidism.This report confirms another link between pure red-cell aplasia and altered autoimmunity.
Solid Tumors in Multiple Myeloma
Authors: ROGER STEGMAN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1979)

The frequency of solid tumors was evaluated in 628 consecutive patients with multiple myeloma who had been treated with various melphalan-prednisone combinations. Among those patients who lived at least 2 months, the incidence and diversity of second tumors were similar to those in normal persons of the same age and duration at risk. The diagnosis was usually made within 2 years after the start of chemotherapy for the myeloma. Long-term melphalan therapy did not seem to contribute to the pathogenesis of second solid tumors in patients with multiple myeloma.
PATHOGENESIS OF ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION
Authors: IRVINE H. PAGE
Journal: JAMA (1949)

Much is known of the pathogenesis of spontaneous hypertension in human beings and experimental hypertension in animals, despite the short time during which modern investigative methods have been used. Because the various types of experimental renal hypertension have received the greatest share of study is insufficient reason for one's assuming that they necessarily mirror more exactly essential hypertension in human beings. Several years ago, some clinicians overstepped judicious bounds in proclaiming that the cause of human hypertension had been reproduced in animals, a view wisely not expressed at that time by the inspirer of some of this work, Harry Goldblatt. But there are certainly enough similarities between experimental renal hypertension and essential hypertension to justify the hope that elucidation of the mechanism of the former will aid in the understanding of the latter. For some years, the view was held that hypertension was due to humoral agents. A poor case
Editorial opposes social justice and equal opportunity
Authors: Jonathan Mathers, Kenton Lewis
Journal: BMJ (2008)

We select the letters for these pages from the rapid responses posted on bmj.com favouring those received within five days of publication of the article to which they refer.Letters are thus an early selection of rapid responses on a particular topic.Readers should consult the website for the full list of responses and any authors' replies, which usually arrive after our selection.patricia de la rosa/stone/getty images screening for type 2 diabetes Screen women with gestational diabetes for type 2 diabetesOne way to reduce type 2 diabetes would be to target women with gestational diabetes. 1Maternity services are increasingly screening women and treating gestational diabetes, after the demonstration of significant perinatal benefits. 2 Within 10 years, 35-60% of women with gestational diabetes will develop type 2 diabetes. 3These women are an already identified high risk group.Their children are also more likely to be obese and share a genetic propensity to type 2 diabetes. 4 Following up women with gestational diabetes allows the targeting of two high risk people without additional screening.Many health service contacts are made in the first year of a child's life, therefore interventions may be easily delivered.Also, many women are receptive to health advice around the time of a birth when new lifestyle patterns are being established.Improved follow-up of these women with promotion of diet, exercise, and pharmacology, together with prolongation of breast feeding and subsequent healthy infant feeding is likely to be effective for mother, child, and the health service.
Reactive oxygen species during ischemia-reflow injury in isolated perfused rat liver.
Authors: H Jaeschke, C V Smith, J R Mitchell
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1988)

The hypothesis that intracellular generation of reactive oxygen species in hepatocytes or reticuloendothelial cells may cause ischemia-reperfusion injury was tested in isolated perfused livers of male Fischer rats. GSSG was measured in perfusate, bile, and tissue as a sensitive index of oxidative stress. After a preperfusion phase of 30 min, the perfusion was stopped (global ischemia) for various times (30, 120 min) and the liver was reperfused for another 60 min. The bile flow (1.48 +/- 0.17 microliters/min X gram liver weight), the biliary efflux of total glutathione (6.54 +/- 0.94 nmol GSH eq/min X g), and GSSG (1.59 +/- 0.23 nmol GSH eq/min X g) recovered to 69-86% after short-term ischemia and to 36-72% after 2 h of ischemia when compared with values obtained from control livers perfused for the same period of time. During reperfusion, the sinusoidal efflux of total glutathione (16.4 +/- 2.1 nmol GSH eq/min X g) and GSSG (0.13 +/- 0.05 nmol GSH eq/min X g) did not change except for an initial 10-30-s increase during reperfusion washout. No increased GSSG secretion into bile was detectable at any time during reperfusion. The liver content of total glutathione (32.5 +/- 3.5 nmol GSH eq/mg protein) and GSSG (0.27 +/- 0.09 nmol GSH eq/mg protein) did not change significantly during any period of ischemia or reperfusion. We conclude, therefore, that at most only a minor amount of reactive oxygen species were generated during reperfusion. Thus, reactive oxygen species are unlikely to cause ischemia/reperfusion injury in rat liver by lipid peroxidation or tissue thiol oxidation.
Search by Clinical Methods for Persistent Urinary Infectious in Children
Authors: P. M. Dunn, L. C. Hine, M. E. MacGregor
Journal: BMJ (1964)

There is general agreement that persistent infection of the urinary tract is a common disease in infancy and childhood, and that, if it is not checked?whether its clinical accompani ments are manifest, silent, or relapsing?it may lead on to chronic atrophie pyelonephritis and hypertensive renal failure (Rosenheim, 1963). The infection may be symptomless, or nearly so, arid evidence from necropsy suggests that by no means all cases are diagnosed before death (Kleeman, Hewitt, and Guze, 1960). Alternatively, symptoms may be ignored or misinterpreted, particularly when they suggest some other disease, as is so frequent in childhood. Though repeated urinary infections are, in fact, usually repeated exacerbations of a continuing underlying process (Deluca, Fisher, and Swenson, 1963), even when this process is suspected, the diagnosis can be difficult to confirm. Now that we have a fuller understanding of its potential seriousness, it is very important not to overlook this infection. The prospects of cure have not in the past been very good (Macaulay and Sutton, 1957 ; Straffon and Engel, 1960), but are getting better as we become aware of correctable surgical lesions that are frequently present at the same time, such as vesico-ureteric reflux (Williams and Sturdy, 1961 ; Gross, Randolph, and Wise, 1963), and now that we possess a new range of antibiotics. In recent years there has been an increasing inclination to rely for diagnosis upon counts of bacteria and white cells in the urine (Kass, 1960 ; Little, 1962 ; Stansfeld, 1962). In the search for accuracy counting techniques have become more complicated, so that dependence on the laboratory has become greater. We still badly need a reliable and simple test that can disclose urinary infection independently of a laboratory, and which is rapid enough to be used with large numbers of patients (Lancet, 1962). A main aim of the study now to be reported was to determine the efficacy of microscoping unspun urine under standard conditions in the ward or out-patient depart ment as a means of detecting infection of the urinary tract. Its further motive was the wish to discover how many of the children treated for acute urinary infection in a hospital unit during the past 12 years had been rendered permanently free of infection.
Metal Attraction: An Ironclad Solution to Arsenic Contamination?
Authors: Lance Frazer
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2005)

Inorganic arsenic-the more acutely toxic form of this metalloid element-contaminates drinking water supplies around the world. In the United States, the most serious arsenic contamination occurs in the West, Midwest, Southwest, and Northeast; as many as 20 million people-many getting their water from unregulated private wells-may be exposed to excess arsenic in their drinking water. In Bangladesh, it's estimated that as many as 40 million people may be suffering from arsenic poisoning; contaminated drinking water is also a problem in many other countries, including Argentina, China, Chile, Ghana, Hungary, India, and Mexico.
London has highest proportion of people attending emergency departments
Authors: G. Iacobucci
Journal: BMJ (2014)

The proportion of the population attending major emergency departments was 65% higher in London than in some other parts of England last year, new figures have shown.

The NHS’s Health and Social Care Information Centre, which published the regionalised figures for 2012-13, said that the disparity across the country was “striking” and warranted further analysis.

The figures, which relate to attendance rates at major (type 1) emergency departments, show …