tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Anti-Inflammatory Treatment With Colchicine in Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Spyridon Deftereos, Georgios Giannopoulos, Christos Angelidis, Nikolaos Alexopoulos, Gerasimos Filippatos, Nikolaos Papoutsidakis, George Sianos, John Goudevenos, Dimitrios Alexopoulos, Vlasios Pyrgakis, Michael W. Cleman, Antonis S. Manolis, Dimitrios Tousoulis, John Lekakis
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Background— Inflammatory processes have been identified as key mediators of the deleterious effects of ischemia/reperfusion in ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction. Colchicine is a substance with potent anti-inflammatory properties, suitable for safe use in patients with cardiovascular disease. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that a short course of colchicine treatment could lead to reduced infarct size. Methods and Results— Patients presenting with ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction ≤12 hours from pain onset (treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention) were randomly assigned to colchicine or placebo for 5 days. The primary outcome parameter was the area under the curve of creatine kinase-myocardial brain fraction concentration. A subset of patients underwent cardiac MRI with late gadolinium enhancement 6 to 9 days after the index ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction. One hundred fifty-one patients were included (60 in the MRI substudy). The area under the creatine kinase-myocardial brain fraction curve was 3144 (interquartile range [IQR], 1754–6940) ng·h –1 ·mL –1 in the colchicine group in comparison with 6184 (IQR, 4456–6980) ng·h –1 ·mL –1 in controls ( P &lt;0.001). Indexed MRI-late gadolinium enhancement–defined infarct size was 18.3 (IQR, 7.6–29.9) mL/1.73 m 2 in the colchicine group versus 23.2 (18.5–33.4) mL/1.73 m 2 in controls ( P =0.019). The relative infarct size (as a proportion to left ventricular myocardial volume) was 13.0 (IQR, 8.0–25.3) % and 19.8 (IQR, 13.7–29.8) %, respectively ( P =0.034). Conclusions— These results suggest a potential benefit of colchicine in ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction, but further clinical trials are necessary to draw secure conclusions, especially considering the fact that the present study was not powered to assess clinical end points. Clinical Trial Registration— URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov . Unique identifier: NCT01936285.
Dithranol (anthralin) in psoriasis.
Authors: S. LIDEN, G. MICHA LESSON
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1974)

Biopsies from affected skin of sixty‐two patients with stable psoriasis were investigated by in vitro labelling with tritiated thymidine and by routine histological techniques. In the same patient there were considerable variations in the number of DNA‐synthesizing cells in biopsies taken from different but similarly located lesions of the same macroscopic appearance, whereas variations in the number of DNA‐synthesizing cells in biopsies taken from the same lesions were less pronounced. With due regard given to this finding, it is shown that treatment with dithranol for 1 and 2 weeks significantly reduces the number of DNA‐synthesizing cells. There was an inverse relationship comparing the development of the granular layer with the number of DNA‐synthesizing cells and parakeratosis. The variations in the number of DNA‐synthesizing cells in different lesions in the same patient may also have implications for paired comparisons of topical treatment efficiency.
Utilization of target enriched multiplex PCR for detection of panton-valentine leukocidin in necrotizing pneumonia complicating influenza A
Authors: Michael Gabrilovich, Carol Quinter, Catherine Bacheller, Tai Lam
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Necrotizing pneumonia caused by Staphylococcus aureus (SA) is a complication of Influenza A (INFA) related to the SA virulence factor, Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL). Patients presenting with Influenza-like illness and respiratory failure underwent bronchoscopy and testing for viral respiratory pathogens and SA using Diatherix target enriched multiplex PCR (Tem-PCR) proprietary assay. The assay is nested PCR, with tagged, target specific primers providing initial target gene identification, and common flanking Super Primers providing bulk amplification. Two patients with SA PVL necrotizing pneumonia complicating INFA are described. 22 yo female presented with respiratory failure, SA-PVL bacteremia and septic shock. Bronchoscopy revealed necrotizing, hemorrhagic pneumonia with specimens positive by Tem-PCR for INFA H3N2 and PVL positive SA. Patient eventually died. 64 yo male presented with progressive shortness of breath after viral illness, rapidly developed septic shock and multiorgan failure. Bronchoscopy showed severe necrotizing hemorrhagic tracheobronchitis. Tem-PCR revealed INFA H1N109 and methicillin resistant PVL positive SA. Patient was successfully treated with linezolid and clindamycin with complete recovery. PVL is a cytotoxin causing leukocyte destruction, tissue necrosis precipitating shock, respiratory failure and leukopenia. Bronchoscopy reveals airway bleeding and acute inflammatory exudate. PVL-producing strains of SA have affinity for exposed basement membrane in the ciliary epithelium of the lung present after viral illness. Tem-PCR is unique technology detecting PVL-positive SA and INFA resulting in targeted therapy.
High-throughput pairing of T cell receptor α and β sequences
Authors: Bryan Howie, Anna M. Sherwood, Ashley D. Berkebile, Jan Berka, Ryan O. Emerson, David W. Williamson, Ilan Kirsch, Marissa Vignali, Mark J. Rieder, Christopher S. Carlson, Harlan S. Robins
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2015)

T cell receptor α and β sequences can be accurately paired from hundreds of thousands of T cell clones in parallel.
Effect of prior interferon alfa therapy on the outcome of allogeneic bone marrow transplantation for chronic myelogenous leukemia.
Authors: S A Giralt, H M Kantarjian, M Talpaz, M B Rios, A Del Giglio, B S Andersson, D Przepiorka, A B Deisseroth, R E Champlin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1993)

To determine whether prior interferon alfa (IFN-A) treatment affects the outcome of allogeneic bone marrow transplantation.We analyzed the outcome of 77 patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) who received transplants from an HLA-identical donor using a total-body irradiation-containing preparative regimen. Engraftment, acute and chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), survival, and disease-free survival were compared between patients who had previously received interferon (IFN+) to those who had not (IFN-). Forty-one patients were transplanted in chronic phase and 36 had more advanced CML. The IFN+ group had received IFN-A in doses of 3 to 5 x 10(6) U/m2 three times a week or more for at least 4 weeks anytime before transplantation.For patients in chronic phase, there were no significant differences between the IFN+ group and the IFN- group in regard to neutrophils recovery more than 1.0 x 10(9)/L (29 v 24), platelet recovery more than 50 x 10(9)/L (33 v 36), incidence of grade II to IV GVHD (23% v 28%), incidence of chronic GVHD (39% v 47%), disease-free survival (46% +/- 11% v 59% +/- 13%), relapse (9% v 11%), or 100-day transplant-related mortality (22% v 16%). In patients with more advanced stage disease, there was also no significant differences between the IFN+ group and the IFN- group in regard to these outcomes.Prior treatment with IFN-A did not adversely affect transplant outcome. Further studies are required to better understand the complementary roles of IFN-A and allogeneic bone marrow transplantation for the treatment of CML.
Predictors of hospitalisation and death with acute exacerbations of COPD
Authors: Amir Soltani, David Reid, Steve Quinn, Ian Almond, Richard Wood-Baker, E. Haydn Walters
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Background:  Acute exacerbations of COPD (AECOPD) are common causes of attendance to hospital emergency department (ED), but there are limited data on decision making about hospitalisation.   Aims:  To analyse decision making for hospitalisation and predictors of death in patients attended with AECOPD in a public hospital in Australia.   Methods:  All patients with a diagnosis of AECOPD attending the ED of the Royal Hobart Hospital between November 2006 and July 2008 (21 months) were reviewed. Patients who were admitted to the hospital were compared with those who were discharged home. Survival analysis was used to find predictors of death.   Results:  150 patients with 218 admissions (50% female, 42% current- and 58% ex-smokers, 24% with history of heart disease and 5% with previous history of myocardial infarction) were included in the study.  Those discharged from ED had a lower heart rate/minute than those admitted [mean (SD) 96 (17) vs. 105 (19), p   Conclusions:  Decision making for hospitalisation of patients in the ED seems largely arbitrary. Cardiac disease was the strongest predictor of death.
Diagnostic Reliability of the Acridine Orange Fluorescence Microscope Method for Cytodiagnosis of Cancer
Authors: Felix D. Bertalanffy
Journal: Cancer Research (1961)

Summary  The cytodiagnostic acridine orange (AO) fluorescence microscope method was applied to exfoliated material from 4348 cases. The method utilizes increased amounts of cytoplasmic ribonucleic acid (RNA) in malignant cells to demonstrate them in brilliant orange and red fluorescence colors. Scanning smears under low magnification readily revealed the presence of cells with increased fluorescence. Usually with higher magnifications it was determined by their morphology whether such cells were cytologically negative, suspicious, or malignant. To test the diagnostic reliability of the fluorescence method, the diagnoses thus reached were compared with those obtained independently by conventional cytodiagnosis on different smears from the same exfoliated specimens. The diagnoses were in agreement with material from the female genital tract, gastric washings, and urine. Some differences in the diagnoses were encountered with exfoliated specimens from the respiratory system. Presumably these were induced by the nature of this material rather than by the method, considering the initially lower reliability of cytodiagnosis with respiratory material in general, and the excellent agreement between fluorescence and conventional diagnoses on most other material. Thus, it is felt that the AO fluorescence method in proper procedure yields as reliable results as do other cytodiagnostic technics; this is in agreement with the findings of other workers who have tested the reliability of the fluorescence method for cytodiagnosis of cancer.
Serum procalcitonin is useful in differentiating between drug-induced pneumonitis and bacterial pneumonia
Authors: Akihiro Nishiyama, Hiromasa Tachibana, Machiko Arita, Tadashi Ishida
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Background:The differential diagnosis of drug-induced pneumonitis (DIP) is difficult, and distinguishing DIP from infection is essential. Serum procalcitonin (PCT) is used as a specific marker of bacterial infection, but some patients with drug induced hypersensitivity syndrome have a high serum PCT, and it is not clear whether this maker is useful or not in distinguishing DIP from bacterial pneumonia.  Purpose:To assess the usefulness of serum PCT for distinguishing DIP from bacterial pneumonia  Methods:Between June 2012 and December 2013 inclusive, there were 75 patients diagnosed with DIP and 199 with bacterial pneumonia. DIP was diagnosed according to the Japanese Respiratory Society guidelines, and bronchoscopic examination was undertaken to rule out other disease including infection. Serum PCT with 0.25ng/ml or more was regarded as a positive result, and the following parameters were investigated: age, sex, smoking status, presence of fever, white blood cell (WBC) count, C-reactive protein (CRP) level, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) value, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) level, and albumin level.  Results:Parameters with significant difference between the two groups according to multiple logistic regression analysis were age, PCT level, WBC count, CRP level, and LDH value. Receiver operating characteristic curve was based on the five variables, and area under the ROC curve was 0.876.  Conclusion: Our results suggest that serum PCT is useful in differentiating between DIP and bacterial pneumonia.
Cancer Mortality in Nonsmokers: Prospective Study by the American Cancer Society&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN1"&gt;1&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Lawrence Garfinkel
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1980)

Standardized mortality ratios (SMR) were computed for nonsmokers who were compared with the total American Cancer Society study population for sites of cancer. The SMR were 64 for males and 96 for females for total cancer. Sites with low SMR in males (<30) included lung, larynx, pleura, tongue, mouth, and pharynx. SMR less than 60 were observed for cancers of the esophagus and bladder. For female nonsmokers, relatively low SMR were observed for lung, larynx, and pharynx cancers. Death rates for cancers of all sites in females exceeded those in males in the age groups of 35–44, 45–54, and 55–64 years. Death rates were about the same in the 65- to 74-year-old group and about 40% higher in males than in females 75 years old and older. Lung cancer death rates in nonsmokers among both males and females were low and ranked between fourth and sixth in males and fifth to eleventh in females in the 5 age groups.
Galectin‐3 in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: results from the Aldo‐<scp>DHF</scp> trial
Authors: Frank Edelmann, Volker Holzendorf, Rolf Wachter, Kathleen Nolte, Albrecht G. Schmidt, Elisabeth Kraigher‐Krainer, André Duvinage, Ines Unkelbach, Hans‐Dirk Düngen, Carsten Tschöpe, Christoph Herrmann‐Lingen, Martin Halle, Gerd Hasenfuss, Götz Gelbrich, Wendy Gattis Stough, Burkert M. Pieske
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2014)
Subcutaneously Injected Radiolabeled Liposomes: Transport to the Lymph Nodes in Mice&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Vasily I. Kaledin, Nellie A. Matienko, Valery P. Nikolin, Yevgeny V. Gruntenko, Vladimir G. Budker, Tamara E. Vakhrusheva
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1982)

Male A/He mice were given sc injections in the feet with [3,5,3'-125I]triiodothyronine, [125I]T3, either in the free state or encapsulated within sonicated phosphatidylcholine liposomes. Radioactivity was recovered from the injection site, the popliteal lymph nodes (LN), blood, liver, lungs, and spleen at various times (5 min to 6 hr) after injection. The highest level of radioactivity was found in the popliteal LN of mice given liposome-encapsulated (LE) [125I]T3: For more than 3 hours after the injection, radioactivity was fivefold to fiftyfold higher there than that in all the other organs including the popliteal LN of mice given injections of free [125I]T3. The results demonstrated that sc injected liposomes enter the lymphatic pathways and reach the draining LN. Thus local administration of LE antitumor drugs into the sites of a malignant tumor before its excision might be useful in preventing postoperative metastases to the draining LN.
Incidence, management, and outcome of high‐grade transformation of nodular lymphocyte predominant hodgkin lymphoma: Long‐term outcomes from a 30‐year experience
Authors: Toby A. Eyre, Kevin Gatter, Graham P. Collins, Georgina W. Hall, Caroline Watson, Chris S.R. Hatton
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2015)

Nodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin lymphoma (NLPHL) is a rare form of Hodgkin lymphoma that typically presents as early stage, indolent disease in young adult males. The relationship between NLPHL and DLBCL is incompletely understood, and there remains a paucity of data with regard the incidence and management of high‐grade transformation. We report the largest study to date describing the incidence, management and long‐term outcome of 26 cases of high‐grade transformation of NLPHL over a 30‐year period. We report a transformation incidence of 17.0%. Bone marrow, splenic, and liver infiltration with DLBCL was frequent. Patients with an aa‐IPI 2–3 have poorer OS and PFS ( P = 0.034 and P = 0.009, respectively). Although the approach to treatment was somewhat variable, typically young, otherwise fit patients received anthracycline‐based induction, platinum‐based consolidation with stem cell harvesting, followed by autologous SCT with BEAM conditioning. Long‐term (5 year) PFS was over 60% with this approach, and comparable to our de novo DLBCL historical age and time period‐matched cohort largely treated with CHOP‐like chemotherapy alone. The transformation rate of 17.0% highlights the importance of accurate initial diagnosis, long‐term follow‐up, and re‐biopsy at relapse. Am. J. Hematol. 90:E103–E110, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Serum YKL-40 is elevated in children with pneumonia and RSV infection
Authors: Anna James, Katarina Stenberg-Hammar, Lovisa Reinius, Jon Konradsen, Christophe Pedroletti, Erik Melén, Cilla Söderhäll, Juha Kere, Sven-Erik Dahlén, Gunilla Hedlin
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Background   Associations between levels of the chitinase-like protein YKL-40 ( CHI3L1 ) and airway inflammation and remodeling have been shown in adults (Chupp et al. NEJM 2007;357:2016-27) and children (Konradsen et al. JACI 2013; 132:328-35) with asthma.   Aim   As certain infecting pathogens may be associated with the later development of asthma, we aimed to further investigate the involvement of YKL-40 in asthma by analysing levels in children with different airway infections.   Methods   Blood was obtained from children with acute rhinovirus (RV)-induced bronchial obstruction (6 mth-4 yr, n=19), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)-induced bronchiolitis ( CHI3L1  rs4950928 genotype.   Results   Serum YKL-40 was higher in children with pneumonia and RSV, compared to controls, but unaltered in those with RV. We also confirm that  CHI3L1  rs4950928 genotype significantly affects YKL-40 levels whereby the -131 CC allele was associated with elevated serum YKL-40 in the patient groups examined (CC>CG>GG, p   Conclusion   We show that invasive airway infections, such as bacterial pneumonia and RSV-induced bronchiolitis, are characterized by increased levels of serum YKL-40 in children. This finding further supports the clinical utility of YKL-40 as a biomarker in airway diseases.
Vitamin D Status and Rates of Cognitive Decline in a Multiethnic Cohort of Older Adults
Authors: Joshua W. Miller, Danielle J. Harvey, Laurel A. Beckett, Ralph Green, Sarah Tomaszewski Farias, Bruce R. Reed, John M. Olichney, Dan M. Mungas, Charles DeCarli
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2015)

Vitamin D (VitD) deficiency is associated with brain structural abnormalities, cognitive decline, and incident dementia.
Early High-Volume Hemofiltration versus Standard Care for Post–Cardiac Surgery Shock. The HEROICS Study
Authors: Alain Combes, Nicolas Bréchot, Julien Amour, Nathalie Cozic, Guillaume Lebreton, Catherine Guidon, Elie Zogheib, Jean-Claude Thiranos, Jean-Christophe Rigal, Olivier Bastien, Hamina Benhaoua, Bernard Abry, Alexandre Ouattara, Jean-Louis Trouillet, Alain Mallet, Jean Chastre, Pascal Leprince, Charles-Edouard Luyt
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2015)

Post-cardiac surgery shock is associated with high morbidity and mortality. By removing toxins and proinflammatory mediators and correcting metabolic acidosis, high-volume hemofiltration (HVHF) might halt the vicious circle leading to death by improving myocardial performance and reducing vasopressor dependence.To determine whether early HVHF decreases all-cause mortality 30 days after randomization.This prospective, multicenter randomized controlled trial included patients with severe shock requiring high-dose catecholamines 3-24 hours post-cardiac surgery who were randomized to early HVHF (80 ml/kg/h for 48 h), followed by standard-volume continuous venovenous hemodiafiltration (CVVHDF) until resolution of shock and recovery of renal function, or conservative standard care, with delayed CVVHDF only for persistent, severe acute kidney injury.On Day 30, 40 of 112 (36%) HVHF and 40 of 112 (36%) control subjects (odds ratio, 1.00; 95% confidence interval, 0.64-1.56; P = 1.00) had died; only 57% of the control subjects had received renal-replacement therapy. Between-group survivors' Day-60, Day-90, intensive care unit, and in-hospital mortality rates, Day-30 ventilator-free days, and renal function recovery were comparable. HVHF patients experienced faster correction of metabolic acidosis and tended to be more rapidly weaned off catecholamines but had more frequent hypophosphatemia, metabolic alkalosis, and thrombocytopenia.For patients with post-cardiac surgery shock requiring high-dose catecholamines, the early HVHF onset for 48 hours, followed by standard volume until resolution of shock and recovery of renal function, did not lower Day-30 mortality and did not impact other important patient-centered outcomes compared with a conservative strategy with delayed CVVHDF initiation only for patients with persistent, severe acute kidney injury. Clinical trial registered with www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT 01077349).
Pulmonary functions in systemic sclerosis
Authors: Abdalla Khoury, Firas Abou-Trabeh, Saeid Hamdoun
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Background: Pulmonary involvement is the leading cause of systemic sclerosis (SSc)-related deaths.  Objective: To determine the prevalence of pulmonary involvement in systemic sclerosis and its distributions on the disease subsets, and to study its relation with other organ involvement.  Methods: We analyzed 43 SSc patients, a careful history and clinical examination was perform to each patient, All the patients were submitted to chest radiographs and high-resolution CT (HRCT) and underwent pulmonary function testing and echocardiography and electrocardiography and six minutes walk test. Patients were grouped into four descriptive disease subsets: lcSSc, dcSSc, SSc sine scleroderma and overlap-syndrome.  Results. Of the 43 patients, (53.5%) of patients had lcSSc and (27.9%) dcSSc. Overlap syndrome was diagnosed in (11.6%) of patients,  SSc sine scleroderma was present in (7%) of patients, (93%) were female and the mean age was 41.67±11.51, (55.8%) of the patients had pulmonary symptoms or signs, dyspnea was the most prevalent symptom (37.2%). Pulmonary fibrosis was most prevalent involvement (41.9%), and it was more common in dcSSc (41.6%) compared with lcSSc (30.4%), pulmonary hypertension was second in prevalence (PASP>35 mmHg) 20.9% and it was more common in lcssc (21.7%) compared with dcssc (8.3%). (62.8%) of the patients had restrictive pulmonary function test. (65.1%) of the patients had normal six minutes walk test.  Discussion: Our results will be discussed with well known international studies.