tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Impact of Bedtime Snack Composition on Prevention of Nocturnal Hypoglycemia in Adults With Type 1 Diabetes Undergoing Intensive Insulin Management Using Lispro Insulin Before Meals
Authors: Maria Kalergis, Alicia Schiffrin, Réjeanne Gougeon, Peter J.H. Jones, Jean-François Yale
Journal: Diabetes Care (2003)

OBJECTIVE—To determine the impact of four bedtime (HS) snack compositions on nocturnal glycemic control, including frequency of hypoglycemia (&amp;lt;4 mmol/l) and morning hyperglycemia (&amp;gt;10 mmol/l), in adults with type 1 diabetes using lispro insulin before meals and NPH insulin at bedtime. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—Substitutions of 15 g carbohydrate (one starch exchange) for an equivalent amount of uncooked cornstarch or pure protein were compared to a standard snack (control: two starch + one protein exchange) and to no snack (placebo) in 15 adults using a randomized, cross-over design. All snacks were equivalent in kcal, fat, and total available glucose. An intravenous facilitated hourly blood glucose sampling during the night (11:00 p.m. to 7:00 a.m.). RESULTS—The glycemic level at bedtime (&amp;lt;7, 7–10, and &amp;gt;10 mmol/l) mediated the effects observed. A total of 14 hypoglycemic episodes, in 60% of patients, and 23 morning hyperglycemic episodes occurred over 50 nights. Most hypoglycemic episodes (10 of 14, 71%) occurred with no snack compared to any snack (P &amp;lt; 0.001) and at HS levels of &amp;lt;7 mmol/l (P = 0.05). The standard and protein snacks resulted in no nocturnal hypoglycemia at all HS glucose levels (P &amp;lt; 0.001). Only HS glucose &amp;gt;10 mmol/l was protective against hypoglycemia, even in the absence of a snack (P = 0.05); 46% of morning hyperglycemic episodes were associated (r = 0.37, P = 0.07) with this HS glucose level. CONCLUSIONS—The need for and composition of an HS snack depends on the HS glucose such that no snack is necessary at levels &amp;gt;10 mmol/l. At levels between 7 and 10 mmol/l, any snack is advised, and at &amp;lt;7 mmol/l, a standard or protein snack is recommended.
Interleukin 7 induces preferential expansion of V beta 8.2+CD4-8- and V beta 8.2+CD4+8- murine thymocytes positively selected by class I molecules.
Authors: A Vicari, M do C de Moraes, J M Gombert, M Dy, C Penit, M Papiernik, A Herbelin
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1994)

We analyzed the phenotype and V beta-T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire, together with interleukin 7 receptor (IL-7R) expression in unfractionated thymocytes stimulated in vitro with IL-7. This culture system results in a specific proliferation of mature thymocytes belonging to the CD3+CD4-, CD4+8-, and CD4-8+ subsets. IL-7 induced a preferential expansion of V beta 8.2+CD4-8- and V beta 8.2+CD4-8- thymocytes. This phenomenon is not observed in beta 2-microglobulin-deficient mice, showing that a fraction of CD4+8- thymocytes, enriched in V beta 8.2+ cells, is selected by class I molecules in normal mice, as are a large proportion of CD4-8- alpha beta TCR+ thymocytes. Our findings also establish that IL-7 plays a major role in the expansion of rare thymocyte subsets, which could exert important functions in inflammatory and immune responses.
Mental Health of Cambodian Refugees 2 Decades After Resettlement in the United States
Authors: Grant N. Marshall
Journal: JAMA (2005)

Little is known about the long-term mental health of trauma-exposed refugees years after permanent resettlement in host countries.To assess the prevalence, comorbidity, and correlates of psychiatric disorders in the US Cambodian refugee community.A cross-sectional, face-to-face interview conducted in Khmer language on a random sample of households from the Cambodian community in Long Beach, Calif, the largest such community in the United States, between October 2003 and February 2005. A total of 586 adults aged 35 to 75 years who lived in Cambodia during the Khmer Rouge reign and immigrated to the United States prior to 1993 were selected. One eligible individual was randomly sampled from each household, with an overall response rate (eligibility screening and interview) of 87% (n = 490).Exposure to trauma and violence before and after immigration (using the Harvard Trauma Questionnaire and Survey of Exposure to Community Violence); weighted past-year prevalence rates of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and major depression (using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview version 2.1); and alcohol use disorder (by the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test).All participants had been exposed to trauma before immigration. Ninety-nine percent (n = 483) experienced near-death due to starvation and 90% (n = 437) had a family member or friend murdered. Seventy percent (n = 338) reported exposure to violence after settlement in the United States. High rates of PTSD (62%, weighted), major depression (51%, weighted), and low rates of alcohol use disorder were found (4%, weighted). PTSD and major depression were highly comorbid in this population (n = 209; 42%, weighted) and each showed a strong dose-response relationship with measures of traumatic exposure. In bivariate analyses, older age, having poor English-speaking proficiency, unemployment, being retired or disabled, and living in poverty were also associated with higher rates of PTSD and major depression. Following multivariate analyses, premigration trauma remained associated with PTSD (odds ratio [OR], 2.08; 95% CI, 1.37-3.16) and major depression (OR, 1.56; 95% CI, 1.24-1.97); postmigration trauma with PTSD (OR, 1.65; 95% CI, 1.21-2.26) and major depression (OR, 1.45; 95% CI, 1.12-1.86); and older age with PTSD (OR, 1.76; 95% CI, 1.46-2.13) and major depression (OR, 1.47; 95% CI, 1.15-1.89).More than 2 decades have passed since the end of the Cambodian civil war and the subsequent resettlement of refugees in the United States; however, this population continues to have high rates of psychiatric disorders associated with trauma.
Mild Cognitive Impairment, Carotid Disease, and Revascularization—Reply
Authors: James M. Ellison
Journal: JAMA (2009)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Human memory B cells originate from three distinct germinal center-dependent and -independent maturation pathways
Authors: Magdalena A. Berkowska, Gertjan J. A. Driessen, Vasilis Bikos, Christina Grosserichter-Wagener, Kostas Stamatopoulos, Andrea Cerutti, Bing He, Katharina Biermann, Johan F. Lange, Mirjam van der Burg, Jacques J. M. van Dongen, Menno C. van Zelm
Journal: Blood (2011)
Lip service legislation
Authors: L. B Rose, J. Garrow
Journal: BMJ (2009)

More than two months after reporting one case of evidence-free claims to Trading Standards (for an obesity remedy) under the Unfair Trading Regulations 2008,1 we have nothing but a case number and repeated requests to resend our complaint as it has been lost several times.

In another case we challenged the claims made for a widely marketed snoring …
Erratum: Corrigendum: A pivotal role for galectin-1 in fetomaternal tolerance
Authors: Sandra M Blois, Juan M Ilarregui, Mareike Tometten, Mariana Garcia, Arif S Orsal, Rosalia Cordo-Russo, Marta A Toscano, Germán A Bianco, Peter Kobelt, Bori Handjiski, Irene Tirado, Udo R Markert, Burghard F Klapp, Francoise Poirier, Julia Szekeres-Bartho, Gabriel A Rabinovich, Petra C Arck
Journal: Nature Medicine (2009)
THROMBOSIS.Remarks made at the Opening Exercises of the College of Physicians and Surgeons, Boston, Sept. 19, 1894.
Authors: E. CUTTER
Journal: JAMA (1894)

HEART CLOTS OR THROMBOSIS. Practically this subject is in my line of genealogy, as my father, Dr. Benjamin Cutter, died of thrombosis; in my line of clinical morphology, as it includes the detection of the pre-thrombic or embolie state, and in the line of applied medicine, which teaches that thrombosis is caused by soured food and is curable by diet, mainly, an American idea practically proved. The subject has been studied much and well. I own a Latin essay on the polypi of the heart, published in 1729, at Jena, and read before a critical audience, including Dr. Hermann Frederick Teichermeyer, President of the Medical College, by Dr. John Christian de Winterbach, as his inaugural thesis for the doctorate of medicine. Not a bad custom for to-day! The essay is short, but deep and creditable now. It shows that fibrinous concretions in the heart and blood vessels have been observed
Death of the silent witness: patients' reporting of adverse drug reactions
Authors: Ike Iheanacho
Journal: BMJ (2011)

There’s been no wrongdoing, just a nasty accident, with the injured party being the only observer at the scene. Someone else is involved, of course—the unwitting initiator of the whole sorry business. Boasting extensive analytical skills, this professional is well placed, you’d think, to offer the relevant authorities key information about what’s gone wrong.⇑

But through guilt, fear, indifference, or embarrassment, he’s saying nothing, declining to report what’s happened even when the hurt person turns up to complain. Still, there’s always that latter individual’s testimony: surely that will …
Electrolyte Abnormalities and the Electrocardiogram
Authors: Travis Winsor
Journal: JAMA (1968)

The important electrolytes as far as the electrocardiogram is concerned (Figure) are potassium and calcium and the relative concentration of these substances to each other. Acidosis also has an effect. Other electrolytes, such as sodium and magnesium, which are known to alter the ECG in experimental animals, do not produce changes in man because they do not reach the low levels of concentration in man as are seen in the experimental situations.   Hyperkalemia has been shown to depress the atria, the A-V node, and the ventricles but has less effect on the sinus node. As a consequence, increasing concentrations of potassium produce the following: prolonged P-R interval; low P waves; sino-atrial block with small or absent mechanical contractions of the atria; tenting of T waves (unusually tall and narrow at the base); intraventricular block with widening of the QRS complexes; abnormal S-T segment shifts; and finally ventricular fibrillation and ventricular
CFTR chloride channels in human and simian heart
Authors: J. D. Warth, M. L. Collier, P. Hart, Y. Geary, C. H. Gelband, T. Chapman, B. Horowitz, J. R. Hume
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1996)

The cAMP-dependent Cl- conductance in heart is believed to be due to cardiac expression of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR). While CFTR expressed in rabbit and guinea-pig heart (CFTRcardiac) is an alternatively spliced isoform of the epithelial gene product, little information is known regarding possible expression of CFTR in primate heart. In this study, we examined molecular expression of CFTR in human and simian atrium and ventricle and functional expression of cAMP-dependent Cl- currents in isolated human atrial and simian ventricular cells.The reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was performed on human and simian atrial and ventricular mRNA using primers designed to border regions of the CFTR gene product corresponding to transmembrane segments I-VI (TSI-VI), the first nucleotide binding domain (NBD1), transmembrane segments VII-XII (TSVII-XII), and the large cytoplasmic domain which includes the regulatory (R) domain and NBD1. Functional expression of CFTR Cl- channels in human atrial and simian ventricular myocytes was determined using whole-cell and giant inside-out patch-clamp techniques.Southern blot analysis of these RT-PCR products demonstrated expression of CFTR transcripts in human and simian atrial and ventricular tissue and revealed a novel pattern of expression compared to most animal species studies: both the exon 5 plus (unspliced) and exon 5 minus (spliced) CFTR transcripts are co-expressed in human and simian atrium and ventricle. Whole-cell experiments demonstrated a Cl- sensitive time-independent background conductance in both human atrial and simian ventricular myocytes that was activated by forskolin (FSK) and insensitive to 4,4'-diisothiocyanatostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid (DIDS). In inside-out patches utilizing the giant patch technique on human atrial myocytes, unitary Cl- sensitive channels resembling CFTR Cl- channels (approximately 14 pS conductance) were activated by the catalytic subunit of protein kinase A (PKA) in 3/12 patches examined.These results clearly demonstrate the molecular expression of CFTR Cl- channels and provide electrophysiological evidence consistent with functional expression of these channels in human atrial and simian ventricular myocardium.
The Perils of Prevention: A Cautionary Note
Authors: Leon Eisenberg
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1977)

Everyone knows that prevention is better than cure; it cannot be otherwise when an ounce of the former is worth a pound of the latter. Moreover, the truth of the aphorism has been officially certified by governments.1 , 2 He (or she) who would question revealed wisdom must be heretic indeed. In doing so, I add apostasy to heresy; I have written on prevention repeatedly (or is it repetitiously?).3 , 4 Yet the putative benefits of a "preventive approach" are now so universally acclaimed that it is more than time for an iconoclastic view to be heard.Proponents of prevention are fond of the . . .
Abstract 5319: The role of ISBER (The International Society for Biological and Environmental Repositories) in cancer research
Authors: Debra L. Garcia, Katherine Sexton, William E. Grizzle, Fay Betsou
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract High quality biospecimen collections are essential for biomarker discovery in Cancer Research. Biomarker analytical and clinical performance depends heavily upon the pre-analytical variation of biospecimens used. For this reason, standardization of procedures is of utmost importancein the collection, preparation, and storageof biospecimens, making it possible to accurately associateprocessing methods withappropriate end-use applications. The International Society for Biological and Environmental Repositories (ISBER) is a professional society of organizations and individuals who share an interest in promoting consistent, high quality standards, ethical principles, and Best Practices in biospecimen banking. ISBER, with almost 500 individual and organizational members throughout the world, is the leading international forum for promoting innovation in the science and management of biospecimen collection, processing, storage, distribution, and use. ISBER educational resources and meetings focus on a wide variety of topics from biorepository development, maintenance, and improvement, to technical concerns regarding equipment, quality assurance and control, regulation, human subject privacy, and confidentiality. Additional tools developed by ISBER, many of which are web-based, are available to assist researchers in ensuring biospecimen quality and biorepository compliance with Best Practices. ISBER routinely provides information about existing biorepositories and their biospecimen collections as well. For more information, please visit http://www.ISBER.org. Citation Format: Debra L. Garcia, Katherine Sexton, William E. Grizzle, Fay Betsou. The role of ISBER (The International Society for Biological and Environmental Repositories) in cancer research. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 5319. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-5319
Monocyte-endothelial cell interaction induces expression of adhesion molecules on human umbilical cord endothelial cells
Authors: M Takahashi
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1996)

Objective: The adhesive interaction of monocytes and endothelial cells has been implicated as a regulatory signal in the cell activation that is involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. We investigated the effect of monocyte-endothelial cell interaction on the expression of adhesion molecules, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), in human umbilical cord vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Methods: ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 protein and mRNA expression were determined by cellular ELISA and Northern blot analysis, respectively. Results: The addition of unstimulated human monocytes, as well as interleukin-lβ (IL-1β: 25 U/ml) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF: 100 U/ml), to HUVECs rapidly induced the expression of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 protein and mRNA in HUVECs, whereas the addition of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) had no significant effect on their expression. The induction of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 by the co-culture of HUVECs and monocytes was significantly, but partially, inhibited by the combination of anti-IL-1α, anti-IL-lβ and anti-TNF Abs. Actinomycin D and genistein, but not calphostin C, also significantly inhibited the co-culture-induced adhesion molecule expression. Conclusions: These results suggest that the monocyte-endothelial cell interaction induces the expression of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 in endothelial cells partially through the production of IL-1 and TNF. These findings also suggest that the monocyte-endothelial interaction further augments their interaction through the up-regulation of endothelial adhesion molecules, as a positive feedback mechanism.
Controlled clinical studies of air pollutant exposure: evaluating scientific information in relation to air quality standards.
Authors: J D Hackney, W S Linn
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1983)

In controlled clinical studies, volunteers are deliberately exposed to specific air pollutants under conditions simulating ambient exposures, and health-related responses are documented. Studies of the health risks of air pollution need to be scientifically rigorous and clearly relevant to "real-world" pollution exposures. Their results should be confirmed by independent replication if they are to be used as a basis for air quality regulations. Well-designed controlled clinical studies readily meet these criteria, and complement the other methods of scientific risk assessment--animal toxicology and epidemiology. Clinical studies, toxicology, and epidemiology all have provided important information about air pollution health effects. A better understanding of the interrelationships of findings from these different fields is needed.
Book Review Neurons and Networks: An introduction to neuroscience By John E. Dowling. 447 pp., illustrated. Cambridge, Mass., Belknap Press/Harvard University Press, 1992. $45. ISBN 0–674–60820–8 . An Introduction to Molecular Neurobiology Edited by Zach W. Hall. 555 pp., illustrated. Sunderland, Mass., Sinauer, 1992. $46.95. ISBN 0–87893–307–7 .
Authors: Michael J. Brownstein
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1992)
EXPERIMENTAL CARDITIS. CHANGES IN THE MYOCARDIUM AND PERICARDIUM OF RABBITS SENSITIZED TO STREPTOCOCCI
Authors: Benjamin M. Baker, Caroline Bedell Thomas, Rawley M. Penick
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1935)

Many kinds of organisms have been introduced through different channels into various experi- mental animals in an attempt to reproduce the lesions characteristic of rheumatic fever.The re- sults of these researches are summarized thor- oughly in the comprehensive reviews of Thomson and Thomson (9) and of Gross, Loewe and Eli- asoph (1).Although certain abnormalities of the heart have been produced, chiefly by streptococci, these lesions have not resembled those of human rheumatic fever enough to attract wide attention.Recently Rinehart, Connor and Mettier (5,6) have used haemolytic streptococci of beta type to infect guinea pigs which were maintained on a diet deficient in vitamin C.They have observed valvular lesions quite regularly in these animals and, in some, myocardial lesions which are strik- ingly similar to those of human rheumatic carditis.During recent years many authors, chief of which are Swift and his associates (8) have em- phasized the possible role of allergy in the pro- duction of some of the features of rheumatic fever.Seegal, Seegal and Jost (7) have pro- duced extraordinary lesions of the myocardium, pericardium and the aorta in rabbits made hyper- sensitive to egg white.After having produced in animals a hypersensitive state by the repeated subcutaneous injection of egg white they injected a solution of egg white directly into the pericardial sac.In 88 per cent of the animals extensive in- flammatory changes in the myocardium or peri- cardium resulted which were not found in the hearts of animals not previously sensitized.
Dysfunctional platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa associated with a platelet release defect: A family study
Authors: Mikio Kamiyama, Yale S. Arkel, Jean Lynch, Karen Chen, Jan Kunicki
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1993)

Abstract We are reporting on a 36‐year‐old white female with a bleeding history attributed to dysfunctional platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa (GPIIb/IIIa) and a coexisting platelet release defect. Platelet aggregation studies (PAS) revealed markedly diminished to absent responses to ADP, epinephrine, collagen and arachidonic acid; the ristocetin response was normal. ATP content was normal with poor release to the agonists as measured by luminescent technique. DDAVP infusion shortened bleeding time from 13.5 min to 8.0 and 12 min (at 1 and 2 hours). Flow cytometry and immunoblotting revealed normal amounts of GPIIb and diminished GPIIIa (50% of control). Using a previously reported ELISA which measures the binding of GPIIb/IIIa to immobilized fibrinogen, the patient's platelet extract showed no binding to fibrinogen. Both the father and mother were found to have decreased PAS responses and normal amounts of GPIIb/IIIa determined by both Western blot and flow cytometry. However, the ELISA showed decreased binding of their GPIIb/IIIa to fibrinogen (71% and 62% as compared to controls, respectively). The patient's dysfunctional fibrinogen receptor was clearly demonstrated by the ELISA. The parents had moderately reduced GPIIb/IIIa function in this assay, but they did not demonstrate a reduced GPIIIa as was noted in the patient. The parents' PAS indicated a platelet release defect. These findings suggest an inherited platelet release defect and a dysfunctional GPIIIa. The partial response to DDAVP would be compatible with the presence of a platelet release defect. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.