tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Orr's Operations of General Surgery
Authors: B. Eiseman
Journal: JAMA (1969)

Since the first edition appeared 24 years ago, "Orr's" has been a reliable operative manual for residents and young general surgeons. The new fourth edition, edited by George Higgins, will be no exception. This book is more of an operative atlas than a textbook, but has some features of both. It is a manual of ordinary operations performed by general surgeons. This volume has no pretensions for covering indications, alternatives, and preoperative and postoperative care. The style, in general, is that of a dictated operative note—pithy, but not very inspiring reading. Orr's original text was fresh, personal, and contained new illustrations. Subsequent editors have in general reprinted illustrations from an original article and paraphrased the original text. Fully one half of the illustrations in the fourth edition are such reproductions from journals or even from other texts! The quality of such a mixed bag of illustrations is understandably uneven. Indeed,
Abstract 1594: Transgenic overexpression of NanogP8 in the mouse prostate does not initiate tumorigenesis nor promotes tumor development in the Hi-Myc mouse model
Authors: Shuai Gong, Bigang Liu
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Nanog1 is a homeobox transcription factor critical for the self-renewal and pluripotency of ES cells. NanogP8 is a retrotransposed homolog of Nanog1 preferentially expressed in somatic cancer cells. Work from our lab has shown that shRNA-mediated knockdown of NanogP8 in prostate, breast, and colon cancer cells inhibits tumor regeneration whereas inducible overexpression of NanogP8 in somatic cancer cells promotes cancer stem cell phenotypes and properties. A key unanswered question is whether tissue-specific overexpression of NanogP8 is sufficient to promote tumor development in vivo. To address this question, we generated a NanogP8 transgenic mouse model in which the NanogP8 cDNA derived from a primary prostate cancer was driven by the ARR2Pb promoter to direct prostate-specific expression. IHC analysis revealed that human NanogP8 was expressed mainly in the mouse prostate and the expression levels varied from lobe to lobe, with the highest expression in the lateral and ventral lobes. The ARR2Pb-NanogP8 transgenic mice were viable, developed normally, and did not form spontaneous tumors during the observation period of &amp;gt;2 years. In addition, both wild-type and ARR2Pb-NanogP8 transgenic prostates responded similarly to castration and regeneration and did not develop any tumors. These results indicate that overexpression of human NanogP8 in the mouse prostate is insufficient to initiate tumorigenesis in both androgen intact and deprived conditions. We then crossed the ARR2Pb-NanogP8 transgenic mice with ARR2Pb-Myc (i.e., Hi-Myc) mice and found that the double transgenic (i.e., ARR2Pb-NanogP8; Hi-Myc) mice showed similar tumor incidence and histology to the Hi-Myc mice. Unexpectedly, we found white dots in the ventral lobes of the double transgenic mice, which are currently being characterized. Taken together, our present work demonstrates that transgenic overexpression of NanogP8 in the mouse prostate does not initiate tumorigenesis nor promotes tumor development in the Hi-Myc mouse model. These results are consistent with our recent findings that NanogP8 overexpression fails to initiate tumorigenesis in a K14-NanogP8 transgenic model. Our results are also consistent with others' recent work showing that NanogP8 overexpression in transgenic animals is insufficient to initiate mammary tumor development. Citation Format: Shuai Gong, Bigang Liu. Transgenic overexpression of NanogP8 in the mouse prostate does not initiate tumorigenesis nor promotes tumor development in the Hi-Myc mouse model. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 1594. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-1594
Overexpression of heat-shock proteins reduces survival of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the chronic phase of infection
Authors: Graham R. Stewart, Valerie A. Snewin, Gerhard Walzl, Tracy Hussell, Peter Tormay, Peadar O'Gaora, Madhu Goyal, Joanna Betts, Ivor N. Brown, Douglas B. Young
Journal: Nature Medicine (2001)
Prevention of Urinary Tract Infections After Vaginal Surgery
Authors: W J HANNAH
Journal: JAMA (1963)

The technique of care of the bladder and indwelling catheter during the postoperative period was altered to determine whether the incidence of urinary tract infections following vaginal surgery could be reduced. Sixty-nine patients undergoing various types of vaginal reparative surgery were studied. Irrigation of the bladder was carried out with a closed system, four times daily, using chlorhexidine diacetate 1:20,000. Only 12 of the 69 patients showed urinary infection after removal of the catheter, a marked reduction in the usual incidence. It is suggested, therefore, that this technique is helpful in preventing urinary infection after vaginal surgery. It was noted, however, that a further 12 patients who were free of infection at the time of removal of the catheter subsequently developed infection as a result of catherization for residual urine. It is recommended that routine catheterization for residual urine be abandoned.
Approaches to Catheter Ablation for Persistent Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Atul Verma, Chen-yang Jiang, Timothy R. Betts, Jian Chen, Isabel Deisenhofer, Roberto Mantovan, Laurent Macle, Carlos A. Morillo, Wilhelm Haverkamp, Rukshen Weerasooriya, Jean-Paul Albenque, Stefano Nardi, Endrj Menardi, Paul Novak, Prashanthan Sanders
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2015)

Catheter ablation is less successful for persistent atrial fibrillation than for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. Guidelines suggest that adjuvant substrate modification in addition to pulmonary-vein isolation is required in persistent atrial fibrillation.We randomly assigned 589 patients with persistent atrial fibrillation in a 1:4:4 ratio to ablation with pulmonary-vein isolation alone (67 patients), pulmonary-vein isolation plus ablation of electrograms showing complex fractionated activity (263 patients), or pulmonary-vein isolation plus additional linear ablation across the left atrial roof and mitral valve isthmus (259 patients). The duration of follow-up was 18 months. The primary end point was freedom from any documented recurrence of atrial fibrillation lasting longer than 30 seconds after a single ablation procedure.Procedure time was significantly shorter for pulmonary-vein isolation alone than for the other two procedures (P<0.001). After 18 months, 59% of patients assigned to pulmonary-vein isolation alone were free from recurrent atrial fibrillation, as compared with 49% of patients assigned to pulmonary-vein isolation plus complex electrogram ablation and 46% of patients assigned to pulmonary-vein isolation plus linear ablation (P=0.15). There were also no significant differences among the three groups for the secondary end points, including freedom from atrial fibrillation after two ablation procedures and freedom from any atrial arrhythmia. Complications included tamponade (three patients), stroke or transient ischemic attack (three patients), and atrioesophageal fistula (one patient).Among patients with persistent atrial fibrillation, we found no reduction in the rate of recurrent atrial fibrillation when either linear ablation or ablation of complex fractionated electrograms was performed in addition to pulmonary-vein isolation. (Funded by St. Jude Medical; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01203748.).
Secretory Phospholipase A2-IIA and Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Michael V. Holmes, Tabassome Simon, Holly J. Exeter, Lasse Folkersen, Folkert W. Asselbergs, Montse Guardiola, Jackie A. Cooper, Jutta Palmen, Jaroslav A. Hubacek, Kathryn F. Carruthers, Benjamin D. Horne, Kimberly D. Brunisholz, Jessica L. Mega, Erik P.A. van Iperen, Mingyao Li, Maarten Leusink, Stella Trompet, Jeffrey J.W. Verschuren, G. Kees Hovingh, Abbas Dehghan, Christopher P. Nelson, Salma Kotti, Nicolas Danchin, Markus Scholz, Christiane L. Haase, Dietrich Rothenbacher, Daniel I. Swerdlow, Karoline B. Kuchenbaecker, Eleonora Staines-Urias, Anuj Goel, Ferdinand van 't Hooft, Karl Gertow, Ulf de Faire, Andrie G. Panayiotou, Elena Tremoli, Damiano Baldassarre, Fabrizio Veglia, Lesca M. Holdt, Frank Beutner, Ron T. Gansevoort, Gerjan J. Navis, Irene Mateo Leach, Lutz P. Breitling, Hermann Brenner, Joachim Thiery, Dhayana Dallmeier, Anders Franco-Cereceda, Jolanda M.A. Boer, Jeffrey W. Stephens, Marten H. Hofker, Alain Tedgui, Albert Hofman, André G. Uitterlinden, Vera Adamkova, Jan Pitha, N. Charlotte Onland-Moret, Maarten J. Cramer, Hendrik M. Nathoe, Wilko Spiering, Olaf H. Klungel, Meena Kumari, Peter H. Whincup, David A. Morrow, Peter S. Braund, Alistair S. Hall, Anders G. Olsson, Pieter A. Doevendans, Mieke D. Trip, Martin D. Tobin, Anders Hamsten, Hugh Watkins, Wolfgang Koenig, Andrew N. Nicolaides, Daniel Teupser, Ian N.M. Day, John F. Carlquist, Tom R. Gaunt, Ian Ford, Naveed Sattar, Sotirios Tsimikas, Gregory G. Schwartz, Debbie A. Lawlor, Richard W. Morris, Manjinder S. Sandhu, Rudolf Poledne, Anke H. Maitland-van der Zee, Kay-Tee Khaw, Brendan J. Keating, Pim van der Harst, Jackie F. Price, Shamir R. Mehta, Salim Yusuf, Jaqueline C.M. Witteman, Oscar H. Franco, J. Wouter Jukema, Peter de Knijff, Anne Tybjaerg-Hansen, Daniel J. Rader, Martin Farrall, Nilesh J. Samani, Mika Kivimaki, Keith A.A. Fox, Steve E. Humphries, Jeffrey L. Anderson, S. Matthijs Boekholdt, Tom M. Palmer, Per Eriksson, Guillaume Paré, Aroon D. Hingorani, Marc S. Sabatine, Ziad Mallat, Juan P. Casas, Philippa J. Talmud
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)

This study sought to investigate the role of secretory phospholipase A2 (sPLA2)-IIA in cardiovascular disease.
Expression of gene MAGE-A4 in Reed-Sternberg cells
Authors: Hervé Chambost, Nicolas Van Baren, Francis Brasseur, Danièle Godelaine, Luc Xerri, Sylvaine Just Landi, Ivan Theate, Joel Plumas, Guilio C. Spagnoli, Gerard Michel, Pierre G. Coulie, Daniel Olive
Journal: Blood (2000)
Genetics and Latinos: Proceedings of a National Summit
Authors: Amelie G. Ramirez, Jorge Gomez
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

The impact of scientific achievements in human genetics on cancer and on many other diseases and conditions is enormous. These achievements and their potential multi-faceted effects on humans are often discussed in professional scientific and academic forums, but involvement of the lay public has been minimal.The 2003 Hispanic/Latino Genetics Community Consultation Network (HLGCCN) Summit was an ambitious effort to bring the U.S. Latino public into the discussion and receive input from representatives of the country's largest minority group. The two-day conference in Washington, D.C., was sponsored by the National Cancer Institute and National Institutes of Health, Redes En Acción: The National Hispanic/Latino Cancer Network (a Special Populations Networks initiative of NCI), and Baylor College of Medicine. NIH sponsor institutions were the National Institute of General Medical Sciences, National Human Genome Research Institute, and NCI (specifically, the Specialized Program of Research Excellence, Cancer Genetics Network and Center to Reduce Cancer Health Disparities). We are pleased to announce that the full report of the summit is now available online (http://www.aacr.org).The summit brought together 115 Hispanic/Latino genetics researchers, program administrators, government workers, and community leaders to discuss the current status of genetics research/services with regard to Latinos and to make recommendations. In addition to those attending the summit, a larger number of Latinos around the country identified genetics issues through pre-meeting surveys using the Delphi process.The summit meeting thus provided both a forum for developing strategies to improve access to the benefits of genetics research and health care services for Latinos and a model for involving Latinos in identifying and discussing these issues.Leading genetics authorities reported on key areas of historic and current genetics advances and their impact on Latinos. Genetics issues were discussed in the context of research, health care services, professional education and training, and public education and outreach. Recommendations for strategies to address key genetics issues for the Hispanic/Latino population and action plans were developed as were strategies for improving community understanding of genetics and genetics research, promoting access to genetic health care services, and for building on the recommendations from the meeting.The HLGCCN summit was a first step. The real journey begins as administrators, scientists and the public work together to implement strategies that will make a far-reaching and permanent impact on genetics policy. Underrepresented populations play an integral part in the discovery and the vision of the future for genomics research. In a field that holds extraordinary possibilities to find the origins of disease, reduce or eradicate chronic illnesses, and improve the quality of life in ways that are yet to be imagined, Latinos and other minority populations must not be left behind.
Disproportionate and increasing burden of HIV infection among men who have sex with men in Slovenia: surveillance data for 1999-2008
Authors: I Klavs, N Bergant, Z Kastelic, A Lamut, T Kustec
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2009)

The report presents data on HIV infection among men who have sex with men (MSM) in Slovenia during 1999-2008. HIV surveillance was based on universal mandatory reporting of HIV/AIDS cases, monitoring HIV infection prevalence among sentinel populations of MSM and STI patients and selected behaviour indicators in a sentinel population of MSM. Among 48 newly diagnosed HIV cases reported for 2008, 34 were MSM. Since 1999, the annual reported rate of HIV diagnoses in MSM rose from 7.1 to 46.8 per million men aged 15-64 years (an increase of more than six times). During 1999-2008, the proportion of MSM diagnosed with AIDS within three months of HIV diagnosis declined from 60% to 21%, however, the corresponding rate per million men aged 15-64 increased from 4.3 to 9.6. During 1999-2008, HIV prevalence among male clients of STI outpatient services tested for syphilis (including a substantial proportion of MSM) increased from 0% to 3.4%, and it remained below 5% in a sentinel population of MSM in Ljubljana. In the same sentinel population of MSM, the proportion reporting HIV test last year increased from 29% in 2003 to 38% in 2008 while the proportion reporting condom use at last anal intercourse decreased from 81% in 2004 to 66% in 2008. The burden of HIV among MSM in Slovenia is disproportionately high and increasing fast. Promotion of safer sexual behaviour and HIV testing among MSM as well as positive prevention among MSM with diagnosed HIV infection are urgently needed.
Cervical Cancer Screening Among Women Without a Cervix
Authors: Vani Dandolu, Oz Harmanli
Journal: JAMA (2004)

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Abstract 3598: Critical Role of Th17-CD4 <sup>+</sup> T cells in Angiogenic Response to Hindlimb Ischemia in Mice
Authors: Takeki Hata, Masafumi Takahashi, Masanori Kawaguchi, Yuichiro Kashima, Yuji Shiba, Hirohiko Ise, Shigeaki Hida, Yo-ichiro Iwakura, Shin-suke Taki, Uichi Ikeda
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Background: Accumulating evidence indicates that CD4 + T cells contribute to the development of collateral vesssels in ischemic tissue; however, little is known about the responsible subset of CD4 + T cells in the induction of angiogenesis. Th17 cells are recently identified as a new subset of CD4 + T cells and have been associated with the pathogenesis of certain autoimmune diseases. Th17 cells specifically secrete interleukin-17 (IL-17) and regulate various biological functions. The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of CD4 + T and Th17 cells in angiogenic response to hindlimb ischemia. Methods and Results: Unilateral hindlimb ischemia was produced in wild-type (WT: C57BL/6, 8- to 10-week-old) mice treated with or without a neutralizing antibody against CD4. Blood flow perfusion and capillary formation were assessed by using a laser Doppler perfusion imaging (LDPI) and CD31 immunostaining, respectively. Well-developed collateral vessels and capillary formation were observed in WT mice in response to hindlimb ischemia. Treatment with a neutralizing anti-CD4 antibody resulted in almost complete CD4 + T cell depletion (flow cytometry analysis, control: 45.4% vs. antibody: 1.0%) and a significant decrease in angiogenesis after the induction of hindlimb ischemia (LDPI, 21 days, control: 0.61 ± 0.1 vs. antibody: 0.41 ± 0.1, p&lt;0.05). IL-17-deficient (IL-17 −/− ) mice also showed a significant reduction of blood flow perfusion, compared with WT mice (LDPI, day 14: 0.56 ± 0.3 vs. 0.31 ± 0.2, p&lt;0.05; day 21: 0.66 ± 0.3 vs. 0.37 ± 0.3, p=0.05). IL-17 −/− mice had severe ischemic damage of the limb and resulted in a 25% incidence of autoamputation by day 21 (no limb loss in WT mice). Furthermore, capillary formation was also decreased significantly in IL-17 −/− mice (692.9 ± 165.6/mm 2 vs. 1223.3 ± 267.3/mm 2 , p&lt;0.01). Conclusion : These findings demonstrate that Th17 cells, a new subset of CD4 + T cells, contribute to the angiogenic response to hindlimb ischemia and provide new insights into the mechanism by which T cells promote collateral development and angiogenesis.
Abstract 11637: Physical Activity and Atrial Fibrillation: Results From the Multi-ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA)
Authors: Aneesh Bapat, Saman Nazarian, Alvaro Alonso, Yiyi Zhang, Wendy Post, Eliseo Guallar, Elsayed Z Soliman, Susan Heckbert, Joao Lima, Alain Bertoni
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Introduction: Prior studies have raised the question of whether an association exists between physical activity (PA) and atrial fibrillation (AF), with mixed results. We sought to use the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) database to examine the association between PA and AF in a diverse population without clinically recognized prevalent cardiovascular disease (CVD). Hypothesis: Increased exercise will have a protective influence on AF incidence. Methods: MESA participants (N=5793) with a completed baseline PA survey and complete covariate data were included. Incident AF events were determined based on hospital discharge ICD-9 codes and Medicare inpatient claims. Total intentional exercise (TIE), defined as a sum of walking for exercise, dance/sport, and conditioning, was used as our independent variable of interest. The MESA population was stratified based on whether they reported participation in any vigorous physical activity (VPA), which was defined as “heavy effort” expended in household chores, lawn/yard/garden/farm work, conditioning activities, and occupational/volunteering work. Cox models, adjusted for demographics and CVD risk factors, were used to determine hazard ratios (HR) for incident AF based on total intentional exercise (TIE) for the subgroups. We performed similar analyses using TIE as a categorical variable stratified into tertiles. Results: During a mean follow-up of 7.7±1.9 years, 199 AF cases occurred. In the overall MESA population, TIE alone was not associated with incident AF. However, within the group that reported any VPA (N=1866), there was a statistically significant protective influence of increasing TIE on incident AF (HR=0.658, p=0.014). Additionally, among the same group, the top tertile of TIE was associated with a significantly lower risk of incident AF compared with the group with no TIE (HR=0.48, p=0.048). Conclusions: TIE was associated with a lower risk of incident AF among those that participated in any VPA, and this protective influence was most notable among those that performed the most TIE. Perhaps as importantly, no subgroup of participants demonstrated an increased risk of incident AF with TIE. These results re-emphasize the beneficial role of exercise for cardiovascular health.
Thrombosis and survival in essential thrombocythemia: A regional study of 1,144 patients
Authors: Marco Montanaro, Roberto Latagliata, Michele Cedrone, Antonio Spadea, Angela Rago, Jonny Di Giandomenico, Francesca Spirito, Raffaele Porrini, Marianna De Muro, Sabrina Crescenzi Leonetti, Nicoletta Villivà, Cinzia De Gregoris, Massimo Breccia, Enrico Montefusco, Cristina Santoro, Giuseppe Cimino, Ignazio Majolino, Maria Gabriella Mazzucconi, Giuliana Alimena, Alesssandro Andriani
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2014)

To identify prognostic factors affecting thrombosis‐free survival (TFS) and overall survival (OS), we report the experience of a Regional cooperative group in a real‐life cohort of 1,144 patients with essential thrombocythemia (ET) diagnosed from January 1979 to December 2010. There were 107 thrombotic events (9.4%) during follow‐up [60 (5.3%) arterial and 47 (4.1%) venous thromboses]. At univariate analysis, risk factors for a shorter TFS were: age &gt;60 years ( P &lt; 0.0054, 95% CI 1.18–2.6), previous thrombosis ( P &lt; 0.0001, 95% CI 1.58–4.52) and the presence of at least one cardiovascular risk factor ( P = 0.036, 95% CI 1.15–3.13). Patients with a previous thrombosis occurred ≥24 months before ET diagnosis had a shorter TFS compared to patients with a previous thrombosis occurred &lt;24 months ( P = 0.0029, 95% CI 1.5–6.1); furthermore, patients with previous thrombosis occurred &lt;24 months did not show a shorter TFS compared with patients without previous thrombosis ( P = 0.303, 95% CI 0.64–3.21). At multivariate analysis for TFS, only the occurrence of a previous thrombosis maintained its prognostic impact ( P = 0.0004, 95% CI 1.48–3.79, RR 2.36). The 10‐year OS was 89.9% (95% CI 87.3–92.5): at multivariate analysis for OS, age &gt;60 years ( P &lt; 0.0001), anemia ( P &lt; 0.0001), male gender ( P = 0.0019), previous thromboses ( P = 0.0344), and white blood cell &gt;15 × 10 9 /l ( P = 0.0370) were independent risk factors. Previous thrombotic events in ET patients are crucial for TFS but their importance seems related not to the occurrence per se but mainly to the interval between the event and the diagnosis. Am. J. Hematol. 89:542–546, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Haplotype tagging for the identification of common disease genes
Authors: Gillian C.L. Johnson, Laura Esposito, Bryan J. Barratt, Annabel N. Smith, Joanne Heward, Gianfranco Di Genova, Hironori Ueda, Heather J. Cordell, Iain A. Eaves, Frank Dudbridge, Rebecca C.J. Twells, Felicity Payne, Wil Hughes, Sarah Nutland, Helen Stevens, Phillipa Carr, Eva Tuomilehto-Wolf, Jaakko Tuomilehto, Stephen C.L. Gough, David G. Clayton, John A. Todd
Journal: Nature Genetics (2001)