tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
PSYCHOTIC REACTIONS IN THE LATE RECOVERY PERIOD FOLLOWING BRAIN INJURY
Authors: JOHN A. AITA, RALPH M. REITAN
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1948)

In the observation of 500 cases of craniocerebral injury evacuated to an army neurologic center several months after injury, 4 cases of psychosis appeared. These are described in detail. Two cases may be classified as schizophrenic reactions in which brain injury played a secondary rôle. At the most, the experience of, trauma, brain damage, and resulting state of deficit served as an aggravating factor. Follow-up study revealed neither patient able to pursue steady or gainful occupation. Two cases may be classified as prolonged, primary traumatic psychotic reactions (confabulatory-amnesic type) in which brain damage appeared to be the outstanding causative factor. Follow-up study revealed that both patients had been able to return to simple, but steady and gainful, occupational adjustments despite some intellectual impairment.
Australia's contribution to global health fund provokes dismay
Authors: Bob Burton
Journal: BMJ (2004)

The Australian government has announced it will contribute only $A25m (£10.4m; $19.4m; €15.4m) over the next three years to the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria.

While welcoming the government's participation, Malcolm Reid, spokesman for Oxfam Community Aid Abroad, the Australian arm of Oxfam, was dismayed by the small grant. “We calculated that based on the size of its economy… Australia should be contributing about $A40m this year …
Retinoic acid and arsenic trioxide trigger degradation of mutated NPM1, resulting in apoptosis of AML cells
Authors: Hiba El Hajj, Zeina Dassouki, Caroline Berthier, Emmanuel Raffoux, Lionel Ades, Olivier Legrand, Rita Hleihel, Umut Sahin, Nadim Tawil, Ala Salameh, Kazem Zibara, Nadine Darwiche, Mohamad Mohty, Hervé Dombret, Pierre Fenaux, Hugues de Thé, Ali Bazarbachi
Journal: Blood (2015)
The Predictive Value of Petechiae in Adults With Bacterial Meningitis
Authors: Jordi Mancebo, Pere Domingo, Lluis Blanch, Alvar Net, Joan Nolla
Journal: JAMA (1986)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Bacterial meningitis remains the second most frequent cause of death among reportable infectious diseases,<sup>1</sup>and<i>Neisseria meningitidis</i>is the second most common pathogen isolated from adult patients with purulent meningitis,<sup>2</sup>although in Europe it is probably the most common.<sup>3</sup>Appropriate therapy, given early, is of paramount importance in decreasing both acute and chronic morbidity and in improving the survival rate of patients with purulent meningitis. An etiologic diagnosis based on clinical grounds is often difficult and may lead to inadequate antibiotic therapy. <h3>Study.—</h3> We evaluated the diagnostic value of petechiae in adult patients with purulent meningitis by studying 139 patients with microbiologicallyproved bacterial meningitis. All of the patients had consistent clinical features and cerebrospinal fluid pleocytosis with more than 200 polymorphonuclear leukocytes per cubic millimeter (200 polymorphonuclear leukocytes per microliter). All of the cerebrospinal fluid samples were obtained by a spinal tap on
The Function of the Carotid Body
Authors: John Remmers, John C. Mithoefer
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1971)

Carotid-body resection, or glomectomy, was introduced as a form of treatment of bronchial asthma in Japan during World War II. After the method received some acceptance in this country, several well controlled studies showed it to be ineffective, and it was the opinion of the Committee on Therapy of the American Thoracic Society in 1968 that the procedure "has no place in the treatment of patients with asthma or emphysema."1 However, seven patients on whom bilateral glomectomy had been performed provided Lugliani and his associates with the opportunity to carry out the studies reported in this issue of the Journal. . . .
Molecular basis of androgen resistance in a family with a qualitative abnormality of the androgen receptor and responsive to high-dose androgen therapy.
Authors: M J McPhaul, M Marcelli, W D Tilley, J E Griffin, R F Isidro-Gutierrez, J D Wilson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1991)

We have examined the nature of the mutant androgen receptor in a family with a severe defect in virilization associated with a qualitative defect in receptor function. The androgen receptor gene in this family contains two structural alterations: a single nucleotide substitution at position 2444 in exon 5 (adenosine----guanosine) that converts tyrosine 761 to a cysteine residue and a shortened glutamine homopolymeric segment in exon 1 that encodes 12 rather than the usual 20-22 glutamines. A family study was performed using polymerase chain reaction amplification of the glutamine-rich segment, and it was shown that the sister of the proband does not carry the mutant allele. The effects of these two mutations on the function of the androgen receptor were studied by introducing the changes, individually and in combination, into cDNAs encoding the normal human androgen receptor and analyzing the receptor protein produced after transfection of the cDNAs into eukaryotic cells. The presence of a cysteine residue at position 761 causes rapid dissociation of dihydrotestosterone from the receptor protein. Marked thermolability of the transfected receptor protein, however, was demonstrable only upon introduction of an androgen receptor cDNA containing both the partial deletion of the glutamine homopolymeric segment and a cysteine residue at position 761. Likewise, the ability of the receptor to stimulate a reporter gene is strikingly diminished only when both alterations are present, suggesting that the shortened glutamine homopolymeric segment amplifies the impairment of receptor function caused by the tyrosine to cysteine substitution.
Purification of Cardiomyocytes From Differentiating Pluripotent Stem Cells Using Molecular Beacons That Target Cardiomyocyte-Specific mRNA
Authors: Kiwon Ban, Brian Wile, Sangsung Kim, Hun-Jun Park, Jaemin Byun, Kyu-Won Cho, Talib Saafir, Ming-Ke Song, Shan Ping Yu, Mary Wagner, Gang Bao, Young-Sup Yoon
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Background— Although methods for generating cardiomyocytes from pluripotent stem cells have been reported, current methods produce heterogeneous mixtures of cardiomyocytes and noncardiomyocyte cells. Here, we report an entirely novel system in which pluripotent stem cell–derived cardiomyocytes are purified by cardiomyocyte-specific molecular beacons (MBs). MBs are nanoscale probes that emit a fluorescence signal when hybridized to target mRNAs. Method and Results— Five MBs targeting mRNAs of either cardiac troponin T or myosin heavy chain 6/7 were generated. Among 5 MBs, an MB that targeted myosin heavy chain 6/7 mRNA (MHC1-MB) identified up to 99% of HL-1 cardiomyocytes, a mouse cardiomyocyte cell line, but &lt;3% of 4 noncardiomyocyte cell types in flow cytometry analysis, which indicates that MHC1-MB is specific for identifying cardiomyocytes. We delivered MHC1-MB into cardiomyogenically differentiated pluripotent stem cells through nucleofection. The detection rate of cardiomyocytes was similar to the percentages of cardiac troponin T– or cardiac troponin I–positive cardiomyocytes, which supports the specificity of MBs. Finally, MHC1-MB–positive cells were sorted by fluorescence-activated cell sorter from mouse and human pluripotent stem cell differentiating cultures, and ≈97% cells expressed cardiac troponin T or cardiac troponin I as determined by flow cytometry. These MB-based sorted cells maintained their cardiomyocyte characteristics, which was verified by spontaneous beating, electrophysiological studies, and expression of cardiac proteins. When transplanted in a myocardial infarction model, MB-based purified cardiomyocytes improved cardiac function and demonstrated significant engraftment for 4 weeks without forming tumors. Conclusions— We developed a novel cardiomyocyte selection system that allows production of highly purified cardiomyocytes. These purified cardiomyocytes and this system can be valuable for cell therapy and drug discovery.
Treatment of staphylococcal septic arthritis in rabbits by systemic antibiotics and intra-articular corticosteroids
Authors: A J Wysenbeek, J Volchek, M Amit, D Robinson, I Boldur, Z Nevo
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1998)

To assess the effect of intra-articular corticosteroids added to systemic antibiotics in experimental septic arthritis.Rabbits were injected intra-articularly by Staphylococcus epidermidis. Rabbits received no additional treatment and served as control (group 1), were treated with systemic antibiotics (group 2), or treated with systemic antibiotics and intra-articular corticosteroids (group 3). After 15 days animals were killed and joint histopathological-histochemical parameters were assessed.All rabbits survived the experiment. The treated groups (2-3) had lower histological-histochemical scores in comparison with the untreated group (1). Group 3 had significantly lower scores in joint sections in comparison with group 2: (mean (SD) 6.5 (1.4) v 4.0 (1.0), p = 0.001 and 7.4 (2.6) v 4.2 (2.2), p = 0.01), because of lower damage expressed in clustering of chondrocytes, pannus formation, proteoglycan depletion, and synovitis.Addition of local corticosteroids to systemic antibiotics in septic arthritis seems to be harmless, and improves joint histological-histochemical parameters in this experimental setting.
DNA Flow Cytometry Reveals Depressed Spermatogenetic Activity in the Contralateral Testis within 24&amp;nbsp;h of Ipsilateral Spermatic Cord Torsion Independently of the Presence of the Testis and Epididymis
Authors: A. Bedii Salman, D. Hamza Okur, F. Cahit Tanyel
Journal: European Urology (1998)
IgG-mediated down-regulation of IgE bound to mast cells: a potential novel mechanism of allergen-specific desensitization
Authors: C. Uermösi, F. Zabel, V. Manolova, M. Bauer, R. R. Beerli, G. Senti, T. M. Kündig, P. Saudan, M. F. Bachmann
Journal: Allergy (2013)

Allergen-specific IgGs are known to inhibit IgE-mediated mast cell degranulation by two mechanisms, allergen-neutralization and engagement of the inhibitory FcγRIIB recruiting the phosphatase SHIP-1. Here we unravel an additional mechanism of IgG-mediated mast cell desensitization in mice: down-regulation of allergen-specific IgE.Mast cells were loaded in vitro and in vivo with monoclonal IgE antibodies specific for Fel d1 and exposed to immune complexes consisting of Fel d1-specific IgG antibodies recognizing different epitopes. Down regulation of IgE was followed by flow cytometry.Mast cells loaded with 2 different IgE antibodies efficiently internalized the IgE antibodies if exposed to recombinant Feld d1. In contrast, no down-regulation occurred if mast cells were loaded with IgE antibodies exhibiting a single specificity before stimulation with recombinant Fel d1 [corrected]. Interestingly, however, IgEs of a single specificity were rapidly down-regulated in vitro and in vivo in the presence of Fel d1-specific monoclonal IgGs recognizing another epitope on Fel d1. Despite FceRI-internalization, little calcium flux or mast cell degranulation occurred. FcγRIIB played a dual role in the process since it enhanced IgE internalization and prevented cellular activation as documented by the inhibited calcium flux and mast cell degranulation. Similar observations were made in the presence of low concentrations of IgEs recognizing several epitopes on Fel d1.We demonstrate here that Fel d1-specific IgG antibodies interact with FcγRIIB which (i) promotes IgE internalization; and (ii) inhibits mast cell activation. These results broaden our understanding of allergen-specific desensitization and may provide a mechanism for long-term desensitization of mast cells by selective removal of long-lived IgE antibodies on mast cells.
Preliminary Experience Using Endoscopic Ultrasonography in the Diagnosis of Choledocholithiasis
Authors: S. A. Edmundowicz, G. Aliperti, W. D. Middleton
Journal: Endoscopy (1992)

Twenty patients with symptomatic cholelithiasis and suspected choledocholithiasis were evaluated in an ongoing prospective trial using endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS), standard abdominal ultrasonography (US) and ERCP for the detection of choledocholithiasis prior to laparoscopic cholecystectomy. EUS was used successfully to image the extrahepatic bile duct in all patients. EUS detected three of four proven bile duct stones and correctly identified 16 bile ducts as stone free, thus being more accurate than standard abdominal US. The preliminary results of this ongoing prospective trial and the experience reported by other authors suggest that EUS may be as sensitive as ERCP in the detection of choledocholithiasis.
The cognitive impenetrability hypothesis: Doomsday for the unity of the cognitive neurosciences?
Authors: Birgitta Dresp
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1999)

The heuristic value of Pylyshyn's cognitive impenetrability theory is questioned in this commentary, mainly because, as it stands, the key argument cannot be challenged empirically. Pylyshyn requires unambiguous evidence for an effect of cognitive states on early perceptual mechanisms, which is impossible to provide because we can only infer what might happen at these earlier levels of processing on the basis of evidence collected at the post-perceptual stage. Furthermore, the theory that early visual processes cannot be modified by cognitive states implies that it is totally pointless to try to investigate interactions between consciousness and neurosensory processes.
When is onychomycosis onychomycosis? A cross-sectional study of fungi in normal-appearing nails
Authors: A. Shemer, A.K. Gupta, R. Farhi, D. Daigle, B. Amichai
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2014)

The presence of fungal organisms in healthy-looking toenails has previously been reported in individuals with a known dermatophyte infection and in those with onycholysis, but has not been extensively studied in individuals who do not present with foot pathology.To determine the prevalence of fungal organisms in the toenails and on the soles of normal-appearing feet.Adults who visited a dermatology clinic between June 2012 and February 2013 for concerns unrelated to fungal infection of the nails and feet participated in this study. Participants' feet were clinically examined, and skin and nail samples were collected and sent for potassium hydroxide (KOH) light microscopy and culture.Five hundred and eighty-five individuals with normal-appearing feet and toenails participated in this study. Fungal organisms were detected in 9·2%, 3·9% and 3·1% of participants' toenails by KOH, culture, and a combination of KOH and culture, respectively, while fungal organisms were present on the soles of the feet of 7·0%, 2·9% and 1·4% of participants by KOH, culture and both these methods combined, respectively. A significant association between the presence of fungal organisms in toenails and on the soles of the feet was found (P < 0·01).The presence of fungal organisms in the nail, even in the absence of clinical signs, may be termed 'subclinical' onychomycosis. The normal-appearing nail plate may act as a reservoir for infectious dermatophyte and nondermatophyte organisms. When left unimpeded by the host's immune system, these organisms are inclined to proliferate to produce clinically apparent disease.
Cyclosporin A inhibits hepatitis B and hepatitis D virus entry by cyclophilin-independent interference with the NTCP receptor
Authors: Shirin Nkongolo, Yi Ni, Florian A Lempp, Christina Kaufman, Thomas Lindner, Katharina Esser-Nobis, Volker Lohmann, Walter Mier, Stefan Mehrle, Stephan Urban
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
Screening and brief alcohol intervention to prevent hazardous drinking in adolescents aged 14–15 years in a high-school setting (SIPS JR-HIGH): a feasibility pilot trial
Authors: Stephanie O'Neil, Simon Coulton, Paolo Deluca, Mark Deverill, Colin Drummond, Eilish Gilvarry, Erin Graybill, Christine Harle, Denise Howel, Eileen Kaner, Paul McArdle, Elaine McColl, Ruth McGovern, Chris Speed, Elaine Stamp, Les Tate, Dorothy Newbury-Birch
Journal: The Lancet (2012)
LAA CLOSURE USING THE WATCHMAN DEVICE IN PATIENTS WITH CONTRAINDICATIONS TO WARFARIN: PRELIMINARY RESULTS FROM THE “ASA PLAVIX REGISTRY” (ASAP)
Authors: Vivek Yerrapu Reddy, Petr Neuzil, Gerhard Schuler, Sven Möbius-Winkler, Peter Sick, Horst Sievert
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Too much of many good things?
Authors: Douglas Kamerow
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Drugs are great preventive medicine, especially if they are cheap. Why bother with fancy screening tests if we can write a prescription? Low dose aspirin, for example, costs a few pennies a day and can help prevent heart attacks and strokes in high-risk patients. But should we give it to older women to help prevent cognitive decline? Jae Kang and colleagues analyzed data on this question from a substudy of the huge US women's health study (doi: 10.1136/bmj.39166.597836.BE). They could not find evidence of overall cognition benefits in women 65 or over treated with 100 mg …
Tc-99m MIBI in a Patient With Parathyroid Carcinoma
Authors: MARCEL P.M. STOKKEL, BERTHE L.F. VAN ECK-SMIT
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1996)

A 42-year-old man with a history of parathyroid carcinoma underwent total body scintigraphy and SPECT using Tc-99m MIBI for the evaluation of metastases. At the time of imaging, laboratory tests showed elevated levels of calcium and parathyroid hormone. Unexpected intense uptake was observed in the left maxillary sinus. Biopsy and histologic examination of the specimen revealed a brown tumor. The authors conclude that Tc-99m MIBI seems to be of limited value in staging parathyroid carcinoma, especially in patients with elevated parathyroid hormone levels.
1108-121 Survival benefit with spironolactone therapy is not related to reduced hsCRP levels in severe congestive heart failure: Results from a RALES substudy
Authors: Michel F Rousseau, Annie R Robert, Ronald Van Beneden, Birginie de Coninck, Sylvie A Ahn, Jean-Marie Ketelslegers, Hubert G Pouleur
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
P663Cardiac energy dependence on glucose increases metabolites related to glutathione and activates metabolic genes controlled by mTOR
Authors: J Schisler, T Grevengoed, J Ellis, D Paul, M Willis, C Patterson, R Coleman
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2014)

Long chain acyl-CoA synthetases (ACSL) catalyze long chain fatty acids (FA) conversion to acyl-CoAs. Temporal ACSL1 inactivation in mouse hearts (Acsl1H-/-) impaired FA oxidation (FAO) and dramatically increased glucose uptake, glucose oxidation, and mTOR activation, resulting in cardiac hypertrophy. Our objective was to elucidate the cardiac cellular response to increased glucose utilization in response to the genetic inactivation of FAO using metabolomics and gene expression analyses. Using metabolomics analysis, we identified 60 metabolites altered in Acsl1H-/- hearts, including 6 related to glucose metabolism and 11 to cysteine and glutathione pathways. Concurrently, global transcriptional analysis revealed differential expression of 568 genes in Acsl1H-/- hearts, a subset of which we hypothesized were targets of mTOR; subsequently, we measured the transcriptional response of several genes after chronic mTOR inhibition via rapamycin treatment during the period in which cardiac hypertrophy develops. Hearts from Acsl1H-/- mice increased expression of several Hif1α-responsive glycolytic genes regulated by mTOR; additionally, expression of Scl7a5, Gsta1/2, Gdf15, and starvation-response genes Fgf21, Asns, Trib3, Mthfd2, were strikingly increased by mTOR activation. The switch from FA to glucose utilization causes mTOR-dependent alterations in cardiac metabolism. We identified cardiac mTOR-regulated genes not previously identified in other cellular models, suggesting tissue-specific mTOR signaling. Increased glucose utilization also changed glutathione-related pathways and compensation by mTOR. The hypertrophy, oxidative stress, and metabolic changes that occur within the heart when glucose supplants FA as a major energy source suggests substrate switching to glucose may not be entirely benign Open in new tabDownload slide
Clinical Evaluation of Drugs
Authors: Dale G. Friend
Journal: JAMA (1964)

THE I HE INTRODUCTION of a new chemical agent into the human organism can be as exciting, and at times as hazardous, as major surgery. It is, therefore, imperative that every possible means be taken to insure the maximum degree of safety while, at the same time, every available bit of information is secured. There are many factors which must be taken into consideration when a new agent is to be evaluated for the first time in man. In general, these can be divided into (1) the investigator and his responsibilities, (2) the place of investigation, (3) the subject, (4) the design of the study, (5) the pharmacological and clinical principles essential in assessing the safety of a drug, and (6) the legal, moral, and administrative aspects.<sup>1</sup> <h3>Investigator</h3> The most important of these factors is the investigator. The field of drug evaluation in humans requires individuals with highest motivation,
Blood Pressure and Flow in the Ascending Aorta of Conscious Dogs
Authors: M. I. M. Noble, I. T. Gabe, D. Trenchard, A. Guz
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1967)

Blood pressure and flow were measured in the root of the aorta in conscious dogs. Aortic flow was varied by pacing the heart and by injecting myocardial stimulants into a coronary artery. The calculated aortic input impedance was capacitative in the lower frequency range and inductive above 3 to 6 cycles/sec. Graphical analysis also showed that aortic pressure rose by 50% of the pulse pressure when less than 1 ml. of the stroke volume had been ejected from the heart.
The Whole Story
Authors: Ruth Kannai
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2011)

On Being a Doctor18 October 2011The Whole StoryRuth Kannai, MDRuth Kannai, MDFrom Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-155-8-201110180-00016 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail You can't imagine what you can know about your patients,” my quality assurance director began. We were sitting in my office side by side, staring at the computer together. After long months of grading my quality performance and suggesting ways to improve my scores, the director found some time to help me develop more intimate relations with the BINA (intelligence) quality control computer program.“This program will enable you to analyze, compartmentalize, categorize, and integrate data in a way that will tell you everything about your patients,” she promised. “You will also see why they aren't balanced in terms of ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel.Corresponding Author: Ruth Kannai, MD, Department of Family Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel; e-mail, [email protected]com. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 18 October 2011Volume 155, Issue 8Page: 558-559KeywordsBlood pressureCholesterolElderlyHealth care quality assessmentHeartLow density lipoproteinMedical risk factorsSoftware toolsStatinsSystematic reviews ePublished: 18 October 2011 Issue Published: 18 October 2011 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2011 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...