tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Early life establishment of site-specific microbial communities in the gut
Authors: Joann Romano-Keeler, Daniel J Moore, Chunlin Wang, Robert M Brucker, Christopher Fonnesbeck, James C Slaughter, Haijing Li, Danielle P Curran, Shufang Meng, Hernan Correa, Harold N Lovvorn III, Yi-Wei Tang, Seth Bordenstein, Alfred L George Jr, Jörn-Hendrik Weitkamp
Journal: Gut Microbes (2014)

Fecal sampling is widely utilized to define small intestinal tissue-level microbial communities in healthy and diseased newborns. However, this approach may lead to inaccurate assessments of disease or therapeutics in newborns because of the assumption that the taxa in the fecal microbiota are representative of the taxa present throughout the gastrointestinal tract. To assess the stratification of microbes in the newborn gut and to evaluate the probable shortcoming of fecal sampling in place of tissue sampling, we simultaneously compared intestinal mucosa and fecal microbial communities in 15 neonates undergoing intestinal resections. We report three key results. First, when the site of fecal and mucosal samples are further apart, their microbial communities are more distinct, as indicated by low mean Sørensen similarity indices for each patient's fecal and tissue microbiota. Second, two distinct niches (intestinal mucosa and fecal microbiota) are evident by principal component analyses, demonstrating the critical role of sample source in defining microbial composition. Finally, in contrast to adult studies, intestinal bacterial diversity was higher in tissue than in fecal samples. This study represents an unprecedented map of the infant microbiota from intestinal mucosa and establishes discernable biogeography throughout the neonatal gastrointestinal tract. Our results question the reliance on fecal microbiota as a proxy for the developing intestinal microbiota. Additionally, the robust intestinal tissue-level bacterial diversity we detected at these early ages may contribute to the maturation of mucosal immunity.
798 GENOME-WIDE MOLECULAR SIGNATURE AND TRANSDIFFERENTATION-RELATED GENES IN CHOLANGIOCARCINOMA CELLS
Authors: D.-G. Kim, M.-A. Seol, I.-S. Chu, B.-R. Yun, H.-J. Yu, X.-D. Cui, M.-J. Lee, G.-R. Yu, E.-K. Ahn, H.-C. Yu, S.-H. Leem
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)
THE CONTRIBUTION OF ORAL LESIONS TO THE CAUSE OF CANCER
Authors: JOSEPH A. PETTIT
Journal: JAMA (1923)

In considering cancer of the oral cavity we find presented an opportunity for the observation of lesions in the early stages of malignancy, and during the so-called premalignant stage which is not given when they occur in other parts of the body. The history of the lesion is subject to the observation and notice of the patient long before it is brought to the attention of the surgeon, and the patient can give the history of his case more clearly than usual. Exciting causes of the initial lesion are usually apparent. As in no other part of the body we find here evidence of a chronic irritation stimulation for tissue overgrowth, whether it is a mechanical, chemical or bacteriologic irritation. Most hyperplasias in the oral cavity can be directly observed as coming from a known source of irritation. The leukoplasias, especially the papillary type, and the various excrescences, which persist
Induction of insulin-like growth factor I messenger RNA in rat aorta after balloon denudation.
Authors: B Cercek, M C Fishbein, J S Forrester, R H Helfant, J A Fagin
Journal: Circulation Research (1990)

Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) is a widely distributed mitogen that mediates the growth-promoting effects of platelet-derived growth factor in mesenchymal cells. We show that rat aortic IGF-I messenger RNA (mRNA) is induced 24 hours after deendothelialization, at a time when smooth muscle cell proliferation within the intima is still not apparent. After 7 days, IGF-I mRNA induction peaks at about ninefold control levels and then falls to about threefold 14 days after denudation when smooth muscle cell proliferation is at its peak. We also show that, of the 5' untranslated IGF-I mRNA transcripts, only the class C transcript is expressed and regulated in aortic tissue. In contrast, treatment of rats with supraphysiological doses of growth hormone, the major endocrine regulator of IGF-I gene expression, elicited only twofold induction of aortic IGF-I mRNA. Our findings suggest that IGF-I may be an important autocrine or paracrine regulator of smooth muscle cell proliferation and that it may be significant in determining the cellular response to arterial wall injury.
Developmental expression of a novel murine homeobox gene (Chx10): Evidence for roles in determination of the neuroretina and inner nuclear layer
Authors: Ivy S.C. Liu, Jia-de Chen, Lynda Ploder, Danka Vidgen, Derek van der Kooy, Vitauts I. Kalnins, Roderick R. Mclnnes
Journal: Neuron (1994)
Sn-protoporphyrin inhibition of fetal and neonatal brain heme oxygenase. Transplacental passage of the metalloporphyrin and prenatal suppression of hyperbilirubinemia in the newborn animal.
Authors: G S Drummond, A Kappas
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1986)

Sn(tin)-protoporphyrin, a potent competitive inhibitor of heme oxygenase, can suppress hyperbilirubinemia in animal neonates and significantly reduce plasma bilirubin levels in animals and man. To further explore the biological actions and metabolic disposition of Sn-protoporphyrin, we have examined its effect in the suckling neonate when administered to the mother either 24-48 h before or immediately after birth. Sn-protoporphyrin, when administered before birth, crossed the placental membranes, inhibited fetal heme oxygenase, and suppressed the transient hyperbilirubinemia that occurs in the neonate after birth in a dose-dependent manner. Tissue heme oxygenase activity in the neonate was also lowered in a dose-dependent manner. The blood-brain barrier of the neonate was permeable to Sn-protoporphyrin for a period of between 20-28 d of postnatal life. Sn-protoporphyrin, however, was not retained in brain, but left the brain space with a t1/2 of 1.7 d. In addition, Sn-protoporphyrin administered once at birth to neonates inhibited brain heme oxygenase in a dose-dependent manner. The results of this study demonstrate that Sn-protoporphyrin can cross the placental membranes, inhibit tissue heme oxygenase activity in the fetus, and can also, following such prenatal treatment, suppress the hyperbilirubinemia of the newborn animal.
Fatal Drug Reactions Among Medical Inpatients
Authors: Samuel Shapiro
Journal: JAMA (1971)

In a series of 6,199 consecutively monitored medical patients, deaths due to drugs administered in hospitals was recorded in 27 cases (0.44%). Most of the fatalities were attributed to commonly used drugs. Hyperkalemia and pulmonary edema, attributed, respectively, to potassium supplements and parenterally administered fluid therapy, were particularly prominent. Other drug-attributed mechanisms which resulted in death were depression of the central nervous system, superinfection, hemorrhage, cardiorespiratory complications, dehydration and electrolyte depletion, hypoglycemia, anaphylaxis, liver failure, perforated duodenal ulcer, and hypercalcemia.
A genome‐wide single‐nucleotide polymorphism‐array can improve the prognostic stratification of the core binding factor acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Jungwon Huh, Hee‐Je Kim, Chul Won Jung, Hee‐Jin Kim, Sun‐Hee Kim, Yeo‐Kyeoung Kim, Hyeoung‐Joon Kim, Myung Geun Shin, Joon Ho Moon, Sang Kyun Sohn, Sung Hyun Kim, Won Sik Lee, Jong Ho Won, Yeung Chul Mun, Hawk Kim, Jinny Park, Woo Sung Min, Dong Hwan (Dennis) Kim
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2012)

Abstract Core binding factor (CBF) AML with the D816 C‐KIT gene mutation demonstrate inferior treatment outcomes. However, the remaining cases without the D816 C‐KIT mutation imply a requirement of more sophisticated dissection of the patients according to their prognosis. In this study, we analyzed the prognostic value of a single nucleotide polymorphism array (SNP‐A) based karyotyping combined with metaphase cytogenetics (MC) to facilitate further stratification of CBF AML patients. A total of 98 CBF AML patients were included and genome‐wide Human SNP 6.0 Arrays (Affymetrix) were performed using marrow samples taken at diagnosis. Overall, 40 abnormal lesions were identified in 25 patients (26%). Survival of the patients with the abnormal lesion(s) detected by SNP‐A and/or MC was worse than those without lesions in terms of the 2‐year overall survival (OS; 57.5% vs. 76.4%, P = 0.028), event‐free (EFS; 45.7% vs. 66.2%, P = 0.072), and leukemia‐free survival (LFS; 49.0% vs. 77.4%, P = 0.015), specially in the subgroup with inv(16)/t(16;16) (40.9% vs. 80.2% OS, P = 0.040) and in the subgroup without the D816 C‐KIT mutation (61.6% vs. 82.7% OS, P = 0.038). Multivariate analysis confirmed the prognostic impact of the abnormal SNP‐A and/or MC lesion on EFS (HR 2.011, P = 0.047), and LFS (HR 3.231, P = 0.005) in the overall CBF AML. This study suggests that the combined use of SNP‐A with MC in the CBF AML can provide important prognostic value, especially in the inv(16)/t(16;16) subgroup or in the patients without the D816 C‐KIT mutation. Am. J. Hematol., 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Radicals versus consolidators
Authors: P. Johnston
Journal: BMJ (1985)

Radical Thatcherism, in its purest form, has been put on ice, perhaps to be brought out of suspended animation should the Prime Minister win a third general election.Consolidation is now all the rage among most Cabinet ministers.Its proponents contend that the reforms of the past six years, and those planned for the next 12 months, have established the government's radical credentials.There has been an extension of home and share ownership, a massive privatisation programme, a promised overhaul of the social security system, and sundry other measures designed essentially to
Key function for the Ubc13 E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme in immune receptor signaling
Authors: Masahiro Yamamoto, Toru Okamoto, Kiyoshi Takeda, Shintaro Sato, Hideki Sanjo, Satoshi Uematsu, Tatsuya Saitoh, Naoki Yamamoto, Hiroaki Sakurai, Ken J Ishii, Shoji Yamaoka, Taro Kawai, Yoshiharu Matsuura, Osamu Takeuchi, Shizuo Akira
Journal: Nature Immunology (2006)
AN INDIRECT POOLED COMPARISON OF CLINICAL ENDPOINTS WITH EPLERENONE AND OTHER ALDOSTERONE ANTAGONISTS IN HEART FAILURE-A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Authors: Saurav Chatterjee, Chaim Moeller, Nidhi Shah, Oluwaseyi Bolorunduro, Norbert Moskovits, Edgar Lichstein, Debabrata Mukherjee
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Urinary Incontinence in Young Nulligravid Women
Authors: Ashish K. Tiwari
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2013)

Letters15 January 2013Urinary Incontinence in Young Nulligravid WomenAshish K. Tiwari, MDAshish K. Tiwari, MDFrom Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-158-2-201301150-00017 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:I read with interest the recent article by O'Halloran and colleagues (1) that describes the prevalence of UI in nulliparous young women. Menopause and parity are the 2 physiologic variables most commonly associated with UI that have previously received considerable attention. The uniqueness of this study lies in its target population: relatively healthy young women without any clinically significant predisposition to UI.However, although the authors presented their data on the type of UI in students plus nonstudents together, they did not provide the subanalysis of UI type when they excluded nonstudents from their calculation. This is ...References1. O'Halloran T, Bell RJ, Robinson PJ, Davis SR. Urinary incontinence in young nulligravid women: a cross-sectional analysis. Ann Intern Med. 2012;157:87-93. [PMID: 22801671] LinkGoogle Scholar2. Townsend MK, Curhan GC, Resnick NM, Grodstein F. Oral contraceptive use and incident urinary incontinence in premenopausal women. J Urol. 2009;181:2170-5. [PMID: 19296979] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. Rossouw JE, Anderson GL, Prentice RL, LaCroix AZ, Kooperberg C, Stefanick ML, et al; Writing Group for the Women's Health Initiative Investigators. Risks and benefits of estrogen plus progestin in healthy postmenopausal women: principal results From the Women's Health Initiative randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2002;288:321-33. [PMID: 12117397] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan.Disclosures: None disclosed. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoUrinary Incontinence in Young Nulligravid Women Tessa O'Halloran , Robin J. Bell , Penelope J. Robinson , and Susan R. Davis Urinary Incontinence in Young Nulligravid Women Susan R. Davis , Penelope J. Robinson , and Robin J. Bell Urinary Incontinence in Young Nulligravid Women Michael Falola Metrics 15 January 2013Volume 158, Issue 2Page: 138-139KeywordsConflicts of interestHormone replacement therapyMenopauseOral contraceptive therapy ePublished: 15 January 2013 Issue Published: 15 January 2013 CopyrightCopyright © 2013 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Edema: Mechanisms and Management
Authors: Joachim R. Sommer
Journal: JAMA (1961)

The external form of the book is in keeping with Saunders' publications. The print is easy to read; the tables, drawings, chemical formulas, and curves are clear. The table of contents is well organized, and the general index is extensive. This is a voluminous book, yet one is not taken astray by wordiness. The editors have struck an admirable balance between textbook and symposium. One is as well informed about widely accepted facts, theories, and new experimental work as about speculations and suggestions as to further experimental approaches. This is a commendable book.
Structural Brain Abnormalities in Patients With Schizophrenia and Their Healthy Siblings
Authors: Wouter G. Staal, Hilleke E. Hulshoff Pol, Hugo G. Schnack, Mechteld L.C. Hoogendoorn, Kornçº¯ Jellema, Renç. Kahn
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2000)

OBJECTIVE: The authors sought to investigate the contribution of genotype on structural brain abnormalities in schizophrenia. METHOD: Intracranial volumes and volumes of the cerebrum, white and gray matter, lateral and third ventricles, frontal lobes, caudate nucleus, amygdala, hippocampus, parahippocampal gyrus, and the cerebellum were measured in 32 same-sex siblings discordant for schizophrenia and 32 matched comparison subjects by means of magnetic resonance imaging. RESULTS: Third ventricle volumes did not differ between the schizophrenic patients and their healthy siblings. However, both had higher third ventricle volumes than did the comparison subjects. The schizophrenic patients had lower cerebrum volumes than did the comparison subjects, whereas the cerebrum volume of the healthy siblings did not significantly differ from the patients or comparison subjects. Additionally, patients with schizophrenia displayed a volume reduction of the frontal lobe gray matter and a volume increase of the caudate nuclei and lateral ventricles compared to both their healthy siblings and comparison subjects. Intracranial volume, CSF volume, or volumes of the cerebellum, amygdala, hippocampus, or the parahippocampal gyrus did not significantly differ among the patients, siblings, and comparison subjects. CONCLUSIONS: Healthy siblings share third ventricle enlargement with their affected relatives and may partially display a reduction in cerebral volume. These findings suggest that third ventricular enlargement, and to some extent cerebral volume decrease, may be related to genetic defects that produce a susceptibility to schizophrenia.
Report criticises French hospitals
Authors: A Dorozynski
Journal: BMJ (1994)

The French system of public hospitals has been accused of being riddled with financial irregularities, poorly administered, and ill adapted to the health needs of the population. The attack comes in the annual report of the Inspectorate General of Social Affairs (IGSA), which claims that public hospitals tend to prolong admissions to get more money and that staff numbers are often increased beyond what is necessary.

The report also finds that hospital doctors, who are authorised to see a limited number of patients in public hospitals, sometimes take advantage of that privilege to the extent that the share …
Murine Kupffer cells. Mononuclear phagocytes deficient in the generation of reactive oxygen intermediates.
Authors: D A Lepay, C F Nathan, R M Steinman, H W Murray, Z A Cohn
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1985)

Murine Kupffer cells (KC) were isolated by a high yield collagenase perfusion technique. The morphology, surface markers, and secretory products were typical of macrophages in other tissues. However, KC released negligible levels of H2O2 and O-2, in contrast to peritoneal macrophages. KC oxygen consumption was not increased by agents triggering a respiratory burst in peritoneal cells. Moreover, KC capacity to secrete reactive oxygen intermediates (ROI), in contrast to Ia antigen expression, was not enhanced by exposure to lymphokines or recombinant gamma interferon. The selective defect in KC oxidative response was paralleled by impaired in vitro killing of Toxoplasma gondii trophozoites and Leishmania donovani promastigotes and amastigotes. Deficient secretion of ROI by KC might protect hepatocytes and erythrocytes from injury during endocytosis by KC, but might render the liver more susceptible to parasitization by organisms that are primarily killed through oxygen-dependent mechanisms.
Expression of NADPH oxidase is induced by all-trans retinoic acid but not by phorbol myristate acetate and 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3 in the human promyelocytic cell line NB4
Authors: E-N N’Diaye, C Vaissiere, J Gonzalez-Christen, C Grégoire, V Le Cabec, I Maridonneau-Parini
Journal: Leukemia (1997)
Neonatal Herpes: How Can It Be Prevented?
Authors: Nancy J. Binkin
Journal: JAMA (1983)

Neonatal herpes is a disease with serious consequences. Even with vidarabine therapy, more than one third of affected infants will die and another one fourth will have some degree of neurological sequelae.<sup>1</sup>Neonatal herpes can be caused by either type 1 or type 2 herpes simplex virus (HSV) and may be acquired during delivery or postnatally. A majority of cases, however, are caused by HSV-2 and are acquired during delivery through contact with an infected genital tract. Women with primary infection are at higher risk of transmitting the virus to their offspring during delivery than those with recurrent infection.<sup>2,3</sup> Genital HSV infections seem to be increasing among the adult population in the United States. No national data exist on incidence or prevalence. However, a recent study from Olmsted County, Minnesota, reported a rise in incidence from 12.5 per 100,000 persons in 1965 to 1969 to 82.3 per 100,000
Intussusception at 70 Hours
Authors: S. Feggetter
Journal: BMJ (1954)

HORMONE THERAPYMEDICALJOURNAL 1335change and evidence of chronic venous congestion.Kidney: evidence of toxaemia, with cloudy swelling of tubular epi- thelium.Spleen: congestion of sinusoids; Malpighian corpuscles were small, with relative deficiency of lymphocytes.Hilar lymph nodes: reactive hyperplasia and evi- dence of early pyogenic infection.The suprarenals were normal (right 6.6 g., left 6.7 g.).The pituitary was also normal.Two similar cases are mentioned in the 1953 annual report of the rheumatological department of the Royal Free Hospital.These were both on long-term cortisone; they remained symptomless until they became explosively ill, and in spite of treatment died a few hours later.These cases will be reported fully in due course.
Airway Delivery of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Prevents Arrested Alveolar Growth in Neonatal Lung Injury in Rats
Authors: Timothy van Haaften, Roisin Byrne, Sebastien Bonnet, Gael Y. Rochefort, John Akabutu, Manaf Bouchentouf, Gloria J. Rey-Parra, Jacques Galipeau, Alois Haromy, Farah Eaton, Ming Chen, Kyoko Hashimoto, Doris Abley, Greg Korbutt, Stephen L. Archer, Bernard Thébaud
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2009)

Rationale: Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) and emphysema are characterized by arrested alveolar development or loss of alveoli; both are significant global health problems and currently lack effective therapy. Bone marrow–derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) prevent adult lung injury, but their therapeutic potential in neonatal lung disease is unknown.Objectives: We hypothesized that intratracheal delivery of BMSCs would prevent alveolar destruction in experimental BPD.Methods: In vitro, BMSC differentiation and migration were assessed using co-culture assays and a modified Boyden chamber. In vivo, the therapeutic potential of BMSCs was assessed in a chronic hyperoxia-induced model of BPD in newborn rats.Measurements and Main Results: In vitro, BMSCs developed immunophenotypic and ultrastructural characteristics of type II alveolar epithelial cells (AEC2) (surfactant protein C expression and lamellar bodies) when co-cultured with lung tissue, but not with culture medium alone or liver. Migration assays revealed preferential attraction of BMSCs toward oxygen-damaged lung versus normal lung. In vivo, chronic hyperoxia in newborn rats led to air space enlargement and loss of lung capillaries, and this was associated with a decrease in circulating and resident lung BMSCs. Intratracheal delivery of BMSCs on Postnatal Day 4 improved survival and exercise tolerance while attenuating alveolar and lung vascular injury and pulmonary hypertension. Engrafted BMSCs coexpressed the AEC2-specific marker surfactant protein C. However, engraftment was disproportionately low for cell replacement to account for the therapeutic benefit, suggesting a paracrine-mediated mechanism. In vitro, BMSC-derived conditioned medium prevented O2-induced AEC2 apoptosis, accelerated AEC2 wound healing, and enhanced endothelial cord formation.Conclusions: BMSCs prevent arrested alveolar and vascular growth in part through paracrine activity. Stem cell–based therapies may offer new therapeutic avenues for lung diseases that currently lack efficient treatments.
Expression of soluble human signaling lymphocytic activation molecule in vivo
Authors: Pia Isomäki, Gregorio Aversa, Chia-Chun J. Chang, Reijo Luukkainen, Simo Nikkari, Paavo Toivanen, Jan E. de Vries, Juha Punnonen
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (1999)
Smoking Cigarettes May Do Developing Fetus More Harm Than Ingesting Cocaine, Some Experts Say
Authors: Paul Cotton
Journal: JAMA (1994)

CIGARETTES may actually be worse for a fetus than cocaine. Both recreational teratogens are vasoconstrictors that, in similar ways, trigger hypoxia and ischemia, decreasing blood flow to the fetus and depriving it of oxygen and nutrition. "There is a great resemblance in their effects on brain development," says Theodore Slotkin, PhD, professor of pharmacology at Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC. Yet animal studies show that nicotine has an additional effect on specific cholinergic receptors that develop during the third trimester of gestation and are involved in acetylcholine neurotransmission. "It's as though nicotine equals cocaine plus this additional effect" that cocaine does not have, says Slotkin. Rats exposed in his laboratory to constant low doses of nicotine equal to moderate smoking (one-half to one pack a day) by a human mother were born with far fewer of these nerve cells than normal, up to one third less in some