tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Screening for Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Daniel E. Singer
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1988)

Diabetes mellitus in nonpregnant adults is a chronic affliction that leads to significant vascular and neuropathic disease. Diabetes during pregnancy can lead to perinatal complications. Both of these types of diabetes are common, often asymptomatic, and readily diagnosable by glucose tolerance testing. As a result, screening can identify many previously undiagnosed patients. However there is only limited evidence that screening results in net therapeutic benefit. In the case of gestational diabetes, controlled trials indicate that hypoglycemic therapy decreases the frequency of macrosomia, but has no effect on perinatal mortality. Our analyses indicate that screening for gestational diabetes is a low-cost intervention that produces a small expected benefit. Screening for diabetes in the nonpregnant adult (almost always a type II diabetic) is not recommended, because the link between improving glucose control and reducing diabetic complications is currently too weak. Screening might be reasonable for particular patients, for example, obese persons who would be spurred to lose weight by a demonstration of glucose intolerance. Screening for type I diabetes followed by immunomodulating therapy is still too experimental for confident analysis.
c- <i>myc</i> in Vasculoproliferative Disease
Authors: Elazer R. Edelman, Michael Simons, Martin G. Sirois, Robert D. Rosenberg
Journal: Circulation Research (1995)

Abstract Antisense oligonucleotides to genes central to cellular proliferation have suppressed smooth muscle cell growth in vitro and in vivo. We now report that although the response of cultured smooth muscle cells to antisense oligonucleotides to c- myc and c- myb is identical, the response of the injured arterial wall to these oligomers depends on the kinetics of gene expression and oligonucleotide delivery. Two different antisense oligonucleotides to each oncogene were administered to the perivascular aspect of injured rat carotid arteries via polymer-based delivery systems. The acute release of antisense oligonucleotides from the Pluronic gels reduced in vitro cell growth 54.8% with c- myc and 56.9% with c- myb . The more sustained release from ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer (EVAc) matrices was slightly less efficient, inhibiting proliferation 47.3% and 43.3%, respectively. However, although both EVAc and Pluronic release of c- myb antisense oligonucleotide sequences inhibited intimal hyperplasia 2 weeks after injury, only the more prolonged EVAc matrix release of antisense oligonucleotide to c- myc was effective. The failure of the short course of c- myc oligomer release from Pluronic gels stemmed from early successful suppression with late loss of regulation and not from inactivation of the antisense oligonucleotide within the polymeric gel. Within 24 hours of injury, Pluronic-based release of c- myc antisense oligomers reduced mRNA levels in the tunica media 2.5-fold and immunocytochemical identification of c- myc expression by 98.8%. As a result, the number of proliferating cells was decreased 6.5-fold 3 days after injury. One week after injury, however, the effect of Pluronic gel–released c- myc antisense was lost on both the number of cells expressing the oncogene (only 29.6% suppression) and the extent of intimal hyperplasia (intimal-to-medial area ratio, 0.35±0.02 versus 0.5±0.1 in control arteries). In contrast, EVAc release of the same sequences obliterated protein expression, maintaining a 99.6±0.7% inhibition for the duration of the experiment, and reduced intimal hyperplasia 2 weeks after injury 11.1-fold. We conclude that the effectiveness of the antisense approach to suppression of neointimal proliferation depends on the time course of expression of the target gene as well as the kinetics of oligonucleotide delivery.
Recurrence of conduction in accessory atrioventricular connections after initially successful radiofrequency catheter ablation
Authors: Jonathan J. Langberg, Hugh Calkins, Youn-Nyun Kim, João Sousa, Rafel El-Atassi, Angel Leon, Mark Borganelli, Steven J. Kalbfleisch, Fred Morady
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1992)
Perimenopausal and Geriatric Gynecology
Authors: Alex S. Tulsky
Journal: JAMA (1989)

<h3>The Menopause: Comprehensive Management, edited by Bernard A. Eskin, 2nd ed, 350 pp, with illus, $36, New York, NY, Macmillan Publishing Co, 1988.</h3><h3>Menopause: Physiology and Pharmacology, edited by Daniel R. Mishell, 352 pp, with illus, $60, Chicago, III, Year Book Medical Publishers Inc, 1987.</h3> Because of the vast explosion of medical knowledge, certainly in the last 30 to 50 years, I have long since considered it a formidable challenge for a person to single-handedly take on authorship of a book. So I have to acknowledge the courage of the author who has written the tome<i>Perimenopausal and Geriatric Gynecology</i>, which indeed has an attractive cover and a most touching dedication to his parents. The contents, however, I must say, leave much to be desired. First, it is quite unclear to me as to whom it is directed. After rereading the preface, I think it is meant for nongynecologic gerontologists,
Tuberculous Gastric Ulcer
Authors: G. Mathis, K. Dirschmid, G. Sutterlütti
Journal: Endoscopy (1987)

This is a case report on tuberculosis of the stomach in a 70-year-old woman who, submitted to an endoscopic examination for uncharacteristic upper abdominal complaints, revealed multiple ulcers in the aboral part of the stomach, together with a thickening of the gastric wall. Histologically, caseating epithelioid cell granulomas were found, and only a single acid-fast tubercle (TB rod). As a further specific manifestation, tuberculous spondylitis developed, which was treated surgically. Under anti-tuberculous treatment, the gastric ulcers healed. The clinical-endoscopic picture, the pathogenesis, complications and differential diagnosis are discussed on the basis of current literature.
A protective role of nitric oxide in isolated ischaemic/reperfused rat heart
Authors: A. Bereesewicz, E. Karwatowska-Prokopczuk, B. Lewartowski, K. Cedro-Ceremuzynska
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1995)

Objectives: The importance of NO-induced vasodilator tone in maintaining adequate coronary flow to sustain hemodynamic function in aerobically perfused heart and the role of NO in the injury development in ischaemic/reperfused heart was studied. Methods: Effect of NO synthesis inhibitor (Nω-nitro-l-arginine, L-NOARG) on isolated working rat hearts subjected to either 90 min of aerobic perfusion or to a global ischaemia (27.5 to 42.5 min) followed by 40 min reperfusion was studied. To overcome coronary flow reducing effect of L-NOARG either perfusion pressure was raised from 75 to 120 cm H2O or adenosine (400 nM) was administered. Results: In the hearts perfused at coronary pressure of 75 and 120 cm H2O, L-NOARG (10 μM) reduced coronary flow by 30% and 17%, respectively, while cardiac output was not affected. Only a transient increase in adenosine and lactate outflow occurred in L-NOARG-treated hearts. The post-ischaemic recovery of functions was impaired in L-NOARG-treated hearts, an effect not correlating with L-NOARG-induced reduction in coronary flow. Although the pre-ischaemic coronary flow was similar in the untreated hearts perfused at 75 cm H2O and in L-NOARG-treated hearts perfused at 120 cm H2O, the post-ischaemic recovery in the latter group was still impaired as compared to that in the untreated hearts. Likewise, coronary flow was similar in the untreated hearts and in those treated with L-NOARG plus adenosine, nevertheless, the post-ischaemic recovery in the latter group was impaired as compared to that in the untreated hearts. Conclusions: While the inhibition of NO synthesis resulted in coronary flow reduction it did not induce a state of permanent ischaemia in isolated rat heart. L-NOARG-induced augmentation of the ischaemia/reperfusion injury was related to the deficit of NO, itself, rather than to the reduction in myocardial perfusion.
Primary Angioplasty—Time Is of the Essence
Authors: Michael S. Lauer
Journal: JAMA (2000)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
A CASE IN WHICH LARGE QUANTITIES OF DIPTEROUS LARVAE WERE PASSED PER ANUM
Authors: C. H. Cattle
Journal: BMJ (1906)

THEITIsH 77Progresm.-OnApril 11th, 1906, that is, seventeen days after 1 first saw him, I was sent for and found him in bed suffering from delirium tremens.I was unable to examine him owing to his condition.I called the following morning, April 12th, but found he had gone out.The next night, April 13th, I was sent for to see him in a great hurry and found him dead.Post-mortem Examination.-Iduly notified the case to the coroner, Dr. Vere Benson, who ordered a post-mortem examina- tion, of which the following are the notes: Brain normal.Thorax, left lung, pleuro-pneumonia ; right lung much con- gested.Liver greatly enlarged.Heart weighed 19 oz.instead of 11 oz., the average weight of a male heart, and was very thickly covered with fat.Upon opening the pericardial sac, I was struck with a mass of fat which was attached to.the pericardial sac below the pulmonary artery.
Ethnic monitoring and equity
Authors: P. S Gill, M. Johnson
Journal: BMJ (1995)

From this month collecting data on ethnic group from all patients admitted to NHS hospitals will be routine.1 This ethnic monitoring is intended to enable the NHS to provide services without racial or ethnic discrimination. Currently, the use the delivery of services vary on these grounds, with or without intent,2 which hinders the achievement of equity in the NHS.3

Several recent papers in the BMJ have shown that levels of need or use of services may differ between ethnic groups.4 5 6 Two papers in this week's journal also show the potential of properly conducted ethnic monitoring. One paper, identifying ethnic group on the basis of name, shows excessive referrals of Asian patients for gastroenterological investigation with no apparent clinical justification (p 910).7 This finding was replicated in a different region when a different method of categorisation was used (p 909).8 More detailed information could begin to cast light on the reasons for …
Association of Mitral Valve Prolapse and Systemic Abnormalities of Connective Tissue
Authors: Marshall J. Glesby
Journal: JAMA (1989)

More than half of all patients evaluated in our clinic for the possible diagnosis of a heritable disorder of connective tissue could not be classified in the current nosology, yet they had considerable clinical evidence of a systemic defect of the extracellular matrix. As a group, these patients share many manifestations of the Marfan syndrome including long limbs, deformity of the thoracic cage, striae atrophicae, mitral valve prolapse, and mild dilatation of the aortic root. Clinical clustering did not emerge when patients were stratified by mitral valve prolapse or aortic dilatation. The clinical phenotype of patients with mitral valve prolapse constitutes a continuum, from Marfan syndrome at one extreme to isolated mitral valve prolapse due to myxomatous proliferation of the valve leaflets. In the absence of biochemical or DNA markers, discerning whether a patient with mitral valve prolapse and mild aortic root dilatation (in the absence of ectopia lentis or a family history) has Marfan syndrome, or another heritable disorder of connective tissue, will continue to be a clinical challenge. Until subclassification based on refined clinical, genetic, and laboratory investigations is possible, the patients we describe are best seen as having an "overlap" heritable connective-tissue disorder. We suggest the acronym "MASS phenotype" to emphasize involvement of the mitral valve, aorta, skeleton, and skin.
Study Finds Newborn Outcomes Affected by Blood Glucose Levels During Pregnancy
Authors: Tracy Hampton
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Linking dioxins to diabetes: epidemiology and biologic plausibility.
Authors: Rene B J Remillard, Nigel J Bunce
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2002)

Recent epidemiologic studies suggest a possible association between dioxin-like compounds (DLCs) and diabetes in human populations, although experimental links between DLCs and diabetes are lacking. The public health significance of such an association is that all populations are exposed to small but measurable levels of DLCs, chronic low-dose exposure to which may hasten the onset of adult-onset diabetes in susceptible individuals. In this article, we review the epidemiologic studies and propose biologically plausible connections between dioxins and diabetes. Specifically, we suggest that aryl hydrocarbon (Ah) receptor functions may antagonize peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) functions, and hence that the Ah receptor may promote diabetogenesis through a mechanism of PPAR antagonism.
Practical Management of the Elderly
Authors: Elliott B. Oppenheim
Journal: JAMA (1977)

Nearly all physicians are involved in the partial practice of geriatrics. Few source books have been available, but Sir Ferguson Anderson, in 1967, introduced his comprehensive study of the practical management of the elderly. The new third edition emphasizes the expanding, important part that the elderly play in modern society and approaches aging from the viewpoint that the aging process is not an abnormal one. Beginning with a detailed perspective comparing and contrasting normal and abnormal aging, Dr Ferguson presents practical aids for the physician or nurse. The statistics on aging from the English socialized health system are presented in a nearly readable format that spans not only hair growth, deafness, and blood pressure, but hand-grip measurements and sleep patterns. The preventive approach is emphasized and addresses the important physician role in channeling the often lonely octagenarians toward early diagnostic health examinations, preretirement training, hobbies and crafts, friendly housing, and
Abstract 5111: Protective effect of Traditional Chinese Medicine formula LQ against cyclophosphamide-induced renal damage in nude mice.
Authors: Lei Zhang, Chengyu Wu, Robert M. Hoffman
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract TCM formula LQ is an herbal cocktail. Cyclophosphamide (CYC) is widely used in cancer chemotherapy. However renal damage is a dose-limiting side effects of CYC. In the current study, we determined if LQ can protect against damage. The heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney, and intestine of a mouse from control, LQ pretreatment, CYC pretreatment, and CYC+LQ treatment were stained with HE. The histology of each organ was observed under microscopy. The histology of the heart, liver, spleen, lung and intestine showed normal histopathological structure in all groups. The kidneys in the control mice, LQ pretreated mice, and CYC+LQ pretreated mice showed normal architecture of kidney cortex and medulla. The cortex showed normal renal corpuscle, proximal convoluted tubules, and distal convoluted tubules. The inner medulla and outer medulla all contained a thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle, and interstitial connective tissue. However, kidney of the CYC pretreatment mice showed damage in structures compare with other groups. The toxic effect of CYC on the kidney involved the glomeruli, the tubules, and the interstitium. The structures of the cortex in CYC pretreated group showed disconnection between glomeruli and tubules. The ducts in the medulla were destroyed. LQ also protected against weight loss and cachexia induced by CYC. LQ may be a promising drug for combination with CYC to improve its therapeutic index. Citation Format: Lei Zhang, Chengyu Wu, Robert M. Hoffman. Protective effect of Traditional Chinese Medicine formula LQ against cyclophosphamide-induced renal damage in nude mice. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5111. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-5111
Psychological disabilities amongst patients with port wine stains
Authors: S.W. LANIGAN, J.A. COTTERILL
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1989)

In a questionnaire study to assess psychological disabilities in 110 patients with port wine stains, 71 completed questionnaires were analysed. The questionnaire revealed a high level of psychological morbidity resulting from a feeling of stigmatization amongst these patients that was not apparent in casual social intercourse. In contrast, standard psychological screening tests for psychiatric illness, depression or anxiety revealed that these patients had similar or less evidence of morbidity than controls or other patient groups. It would appear that patients with port wine stains suffer a considerable degree of psychological morbidity which they suppress. This may be related to a need to hide their port wine stain.
Diabetes and the quality and outcomes framework
Authors: Harry Keen
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Editor—Kenny analysed the way in which the care for people with diabetes has developed in Britain over the past 15 years or so.1 This primary sector concern for the welfare of people with diabetes is a welcome but recent turn of events.1 In the late 1980s, the rising prevalence of diabetes drove two major developments in hospital based diabetes care: the introduction of diabetes specialist nurses, and the creation of a countrywide network of relatively open access, hospital based, diabetes centres.

The hope was that these developments would evolve into new collaborative care networks where diabetes centres passed into the “joint ownership” of primary care, the specialist teams, and their constituencies of patients. Any aspirations of a new, patient based system were ended by the politicians, who opted for the health economists' view that the NHS could be made to work efficiently only by imposing a contestational structure on it. Primary care and hospital services were put on opposite sides of a transactional divide, and there they remain (except in Scotland, where the market has been closed down).

Simultaneously, new financial incentives were offered to general practitioners to take over the care of diabetic patients, and the response was remarkable. Primary care seemed to be rising to the diabetes challenge, largely by dint of a great expansion of practice nurse power, who were given opportunities to refresh and update their knowledge through training. Largely by enhanced nursing effort have quality standards been raised in primary care, and I hope that this will be recognised in the distribution of the financial incentivisation that Kenny considers to have been so important.

Times change. Primary care trusts now carry responsibility for commissioning hospital services. The fate and future of the diabetes centres will inevitably be influenced by their policies. I hope that in the future, the interests of diabetes patients will be the central determinants of changes in the organisation of the delivery of diabetes care and that reintegration rather than disintegration is the chosen path.
Elevated urinary neutrophil gelatinase‐associated lipocalcin after acute heart failure treatment is associated with worsening renal function and adverse events
Authors: Sean P. Collins, Kimberly W. Hart, Christopher J. Lindsell, Gregory J. Fermann, Neal L. Weintraub, Karen F. Miller, Susan N. Roll, Matthew I. Sperling, Douglas B. Sawyer, Alan B. Storrow
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2012)