tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Outbreaks of salmonellosis
Authors: J. Cowden
Journal: BMJ (1996)

contaminated product.Clinicians also have an important part to play by alerting public health officials if they suspect a com- mon source outbreak and ensuring that faecal specimens are submitted to a microbiology laboratory.Finally, the outbreak highlights the critical role of public health laboratories in dis- ease control.These lessons are applicable to global strategies for addressing emerging infections." 14The challenges presented by emerging infectious diseases demand that national and international organisations and agencies work closely together to strengthen global surveillance and capacity for response and to ensure timely communication when outbreaks with international implications are detected.
INFLUENCE OF THE SYNTHETIC PENTAPEPTIDE LAsp‐Ser‐Asp‐Pro‐Arg ON THE DIRECT AND INDIRECT MAST CELL DEGRANULATION INDUCED BY REAGINIC ANTIBODIES
Authors: N. VARDINON, Z. SPIRER, M. FRIDKIN, J. SCHWARTZ, S. BEN‐EFRAIM
Journal: Allergy (1977)
Flavopiridol Inhibits Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation In Vitro and Neointimal Formation In Vivo After Carotid Injury in the Rat
Authors: Johannes Ruef, Adam S. Meshel, Zhaoyong Hu, Chris Horaist, Carol A. Ballinger, Larry J. Thompson, Vijay D. Subbarao, Jennifer A. Dumont, Cam Patterson
Journal: Circulation (1999)

Background —Smooth muscle cell (SMC) proliferation is a critical component of neointimal formation in many models of vascular injury and in human lesions as well. Cell-cycle inhibition by gene transfer techniques can block SMC proliferation and lesion formation in animal models, although these methods are not yet applicable to the treatment of human disease. Flavopiridol is a recently identified, potent, orally available cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor. Methods and Results —Using human aortic SMCs, we found that flavopiridol in concentrations as low as 75 nmol/L resulted in nearly complete inhibition of basic fibroblast growth factor–induced and thrombin-induced proliferation. At this dose, flavopiridol inhibited cyclin-dependent kinase activity, as measured by histone H1 phosphorylation, but had no effect on mitogen-activated protein kinase activation. Induction of the cell cycle–related proteins cyclin D1, proliferating cell nuclear antigen, and phosphorylated retinoblastoma protein was also blocked by flavopiridol. Flavopiridol had no effect on cellular viability. To test whether flavopiridol had a similar activity in vivo when administered orally, we examined neointimal formation in rat carotid arteries after balloon injury. Flavopiridol 5 mg/kg reduced neointimal area by 35% and 39% at 7 and 14 days, respectively, after injury. Conclusions —Flavopiridol inhibits SMC growth in vitro and in vivo. Its oral availability and selectivity for cyclin-dependent kinases make it a potential therapeutic tool in the treatment of SMC-rich vascular lesions.
Models of the Physician-Patient Relationship-Reply
Authors: Linda L. Emanuel
Journal: JAMA (1992)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —Defining the deliberative model as the paradigmatic physician-patient relationship serves heuristic and normative functions. For instance, the ideal guides physicians when they are uncertain; it also provides the shared assumptions and standards for physicians, patients, and society in general when evaluating medical practices. Nevertheless, just as physicians recognize that there is optimal clinical care for a particular disease and that deviation may be appropriate in particular clinical circumstances and for particular patients, so too there is an optimal physician-patient relationship and deviation from it may be appropriate in certain circumstances. As we stated, "Under different clinical circumstances [such as emergencies] different models may be appropriate.... [These deviations] would not be automatically condemned, but would require justification based on the circumstances of the clinical situation." These comments should make it clear that we agree with Drs Devereux and Silber, Mr Firlik, and Ms Schreiber. The best physician-patient relationship is
PMO-217 Preoperative endoscopic biliary drainage and short-term clinical outcome following pancreaticoduodenectomy for pancreatic adenocarcinoma: site-specific factors
Authors: E Scott, D Mole, A Miller, R Ravindran, E Hidalgo, M Duxbury
Journal: Gut (2012)

<h3>Introduction</h3> The role of preoperative endoscopic biliary drainage (PEBD) prior to pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) remains controversial. We sought to determine the effects of PEBD on the short-term outcome of initially jaundiced patients undergoing PD for pancreatic adenocarcinoma in a regional Hepatopancreaticobiliary (HPB) Surgery unit. <h3>Methods</h3> 100 consecutive initially jaundiced patients undergoing PD for histologically-confirmed pancreatic adenocarcinoma at our institution between 2006 and 2009 were identified from a prospectively maintained database. Patient demographics, perioperative serum bilirubin levels, surgical complications (Clavien classification), length of inpatient stay and in-hospital mortality were assessed. The use of PEBD, the location in which PEBD was performed, and time from PEBD to PD were ascertained. Three patient groups were defined: 1. No PEBD, 2. PEBD in HPB surgery unit (PEBD-HPB) and 3. PEBD in non-HPB surgery unit (PEBD-nHPB). Patients undergoing preoperative percutaneous biliary intervention were excluded from the study. <h3>Results</h3> Mean patient age was 66 years (SD=11.9), M:F=56:44. 74/100 patients underwent PEBD prior to PD, of whom 53 (72%) patients underwent PEBD-HPB and 21 (28%) underwent PEBD-nHPB. In-hospital mortality did not significantly differ between the three patient groups. Mean preoperative serum bilirubin was significantly higher in No PEBD group (p&lt;0.01). Mean length of inpatient stay and occurrence of documented infective wound complications were significantly higher in the PEBD-nHPB group vs PEBD-HPB and No PEBD groups (p=0.035). Mean time from PEBD to PD was significantly higher in the PEBD-nHPB vs the PEBD-HPB group (p=0.045). <h3>Conclusion</h3> In this albeit small sample of patients, PEBD prior to PD did not significantly affect indicators of short-term perioperative morbidity and mortality. PEBD may be detrimental when performed in non-HPB surgical units. While increased time from PEBD to PD may play a role, the cause of this association remains to be determined. The role of PEBD prior to PD warrants further evaluation in the context of a well-designed prospective clinical trial. <h3>Competing interests</h3> None declared.
STUDIES ON MENINGOCOCCUS INFECTION
Authors: Geoffrey Rake
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1933)

Precipitin tests, carried out on the cerebrospinal fluid from cases of meningococcal meningitis with monovalent sera, demonstrate the presence in that fluid of type-specific precipitinogens of the meningococcus. Negative results are secured when the spinal fluid is obtained after the commencement of intrathecal serum treatment and also occasionally when the numbers of infecting organisms are very small. The reaction offers an easy and rapid method of ascertaining to which type of meningococcus a particular case of meningitis is due, and facilitates the immediate use of monovalent therapeutic antimeningococcal serum. Typing by means of the precipitin reaction can be confirmed by agglutination of the strain of organism responsible for the infection, if such strain be isolated. Confirmation by means of agglutination has been possible in all the cases discussed in this report. Spinal fluids from other diseases of the meninges and central nervous system fail to give any precipitin reaction with the monovalent sera.
Patterns of Drug Use in a High School Population
Authors: JOSE R. LOMBILLO, JACK D. HAIN
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1972)

The authors report the results of their questionnaire survey on drug use among high school students in southwestern Florida. They found that 24 percent of the students had used an illegal drug at least once, that certain types of drugs are used more often than others, and that boys and girls differ in the types of drugs they use. The authors also found two basic patterns of drug use, one for tolerance-type drugs (amphetamines, barbiturates, opiates, and "glue") and the other for nontolerance-type drugs (marijuana); hallucinogens were used to some extent by both groups. A number of personal and attitudinal variables were found to be related to the different patterns of drug use.
Information commissioner condemns health secretary for failing to publish risk register
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2012)

The UK government’s decision to use a ministerial veto to suppress an official document outlining the risks of controversial NHS reforms, despite orders to disclose it under the Freedom of Information Act, has been strongly criticised by the information commissioner.

In a report to parliament the commissioner, Christopher Graham, said that the ministerial veto could be used to block orders to release papers under the Freedom of Information Act only in truly exceptional cases, and the transition risk register for the Health and Social Care Act was not in that category.

Andrew Lansley, the health secretary for England, used the veto this month after the commissioner …
Changing patterns of invasive Haemophilus influenzae disease in England and Wales after introduction of the Hib vaccination programme
Authors: R. M Hargreaves, M. P E Slack, A. J Howard, E. Anderson, M. E Ramsay
Journal: BMJ (1996)

Since 1990 we have been monitoring strains of Haemophilus influenzae referred to the Public Health Laboratory Service Haemophilus Reference Laboratories from all cases of invasive H influenzae disease from five English regions and Wales. Methods of reporting and participating laboratories have remained constant over this period, which allowed us to compare the incidence of infection before and after the introduction of vaccination against H influenzae type b in October 1992.

The case definition was a systemic infection in which culture of normally sterile body fluid revealed H influenzae, or the organism was detected by antigen to H influenzae type b. Organisms were identified and typed at the reference laboratories using both type specific antisera …
Mitochondrial Dynamics in Disease
Authors: David C. Chan
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2007)

Mitochondria are subcellular organelles that coordinate numerous metabolic reactions, including those of the respiratory complexes that produce the ATP that powers cellular reactions. They have often been depicted as static, with a kidney-bean shape, but there is a growing appreciation of their dynamic nature.1,2 Moreover, they are strikingly varied in structure, ranging from small, spherical particles to long, interconnected filaments. Mitochondria are also highly motile and constantly move in a directed manner along cytoskeletal tracks within cells.An individual mitochondrion is not an autonomous organelle. The hundreds of mitochondria within a typical cell undergo continual cycles of fusion and . . .
Promoting Primary Care: Where to Start?
Authors: John G. Faughnan
Journal: JAMA (1993)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —I enjoyed reading Stimmel's article, "The Crisis in Primary Care and the Role of Medical Schools."<sup>1</sup> In America, relative income defines the perceived value of a profession. If society determines that primary care is valuable and wishes physicians to pursue our specialty, then there are only two ways to improve perceived value. Primary care physicians can be paid more, or all other physicians can be paid much less. Changing the relative income of primary care physicians does not address access issues, however. There is a longstanding alternative that is politically feasible, economically sensible, and likely to increase the prestige of primary care. A primary care physician working in concert with three to five physician assistants as a primary care team can provide quality care for less cost and support higher primary care incomes. We are modifying our family practice curriculum to teach medical students to work
Evaluation of the BiodivYsio Stent with matrix HI coating designed for local drug delivery in coronary Arteries: A randomized trial
Authors: Helmut Schühlen, Adnan Kastrati, Julinda Mehilli, Jörg Hausleiter, Jürgen Pache, Josef Dirschinger, Albert Schömig
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Oral iron and the bioavailability of zinc.
Authors: N J Meadows, S L Grainger, W Ruse, P W Keeling, R P Thompson
Journal: BMJ (1983)

The oral bioavailability of zinc was studied in nonpregnant adults before and 24 hours after two weeks of oral supplementation with iron and folic acid. Bioavailability was greatly reduced, and the shape of the plasma curves suggested that this was due to impairment of the intestinal absorption of zinc. The findings suggest that the reduced bioavailability of zinc occurs because of interelement competition in the bowel wall. This might induce zinc depletion.
Dilution of betamethasone ointment
Authors: J.F. Smith, E. G. Beveridge, N.A. Orr
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1983)

Journal Article Dilution of betamethasone ointment Get access J.F. Smith, J.F. Smith Dept. of Pharmaceutics, Sunderland Polytechnic, Sunderland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar E. G. Beveridge, E. G. Beveridge Dept. of Pharmaceutics, Sunderland Polytechnic, Sunderland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar N.A. Orr N.A. Orr Dept. of Pharmaceutics, Sunderland Polytechnic, Sunderland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 108, Issue 2, 1 February 1983, Pages 248–250, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1983.tb00070.x Published: 01 February 1983
Hazards of Being Single
Authors: Rudolph H. de Jong
Journal: JAMA (1978)

James J. Lynch, professor of psychology at the University of Maryland School of Medicine, proposes that lack of human companionship is one of the leading causes of premature death in America. In<i>The Broken Heart</i>(New York, Basic Books, 1977), he makes a cogent case that death rates are higher in single, widowed, separated, or divorced subjects than in married persons. If that is so, then Dr Lynch may have made the strongest case yet for that frail social institution of marriage. One of the more striking outcomes of Lynch's research is that not just cardiovascular disease but all other major causes of death take a higher toll in unmarried than in married persons. Why that should be is by no means obvious; perhaps the very process of selection removes the sick from the marriageable pool, as they are less likely to find a partner. However, selection alone is unlikely
Cleft Palate: A Multidiscipline Approach
Authors: Bradford Cannon
Journal: JAMA (1968)

Whatever may be the reader's attitude and practice in the "team approach" for treating the child with cleft palate, Stark's treatise includes every facet of the subject. Nineteen authors have contributed to the volume, each well versed in his special field. The authors are staff members of the services which make up the St. Luke's Cleft Palate Clinic. Most of the 302 illustrations are line drawings of operative procedures and techniques, but preoperative and postoperative photographs and some photographic details at operation are included. The drawings are precisely done, insuring a clearer picture of the surgical details than is possible even by photography. Stark's chapters on the etiology and the surgery of cleft palate are a delight, well written, with a charming selection of words, full of wise judgments based on firm evidence, and a frank awareness of the shortcomings of our current knowledge. The classification of clefts, which was
Oral contraceptives and the prothrombin time.
Authors: J Pangrazzi, M C Roncaglioni, M B Donati
Journal: BMJ (1980)

Dr. De Teresa and others reported that mean prothrombin time ratio of 12 patients on long-term anticoagulation with warfarin was significantly higher when they were also taking oral contraceptives (OCs). A study of prothrombin complex activity was recently conducted in female rats treated with an estrogen-progestogen combination (lynestrenol 5 mg; mestranol 0.3 mg/kg body weight) which resulted in a 100% infertility in this species. After 1 treatment for only 1 estral cycle, OC-treated rats had a significantly longer Normotest clotting time (37.7+ or-0.5 sec) than control rats (31.0+or-0.4); the difference was even more notable after 10 cycles. Although this finding has not been reported in women on OCs, it may be that the estrogen-induced "lability" of the prothrombin complex occurs in humans only in special conditions, such as anticoagulation. Alternatively, liver dysfunction occurring among women on OCs may be responsible for reduced metabolism of warfarin, contributing to the effectiveness of the anticoagulation. Further pharmacology studies should be done to clarify the interaction between OCs and oral anticoagulants.
Dietary Fat, Serum Cholesterol Levels and Incidence of Atherosclerosis in Delhi
Authors: S. PADMAVATI, S. GUPTA, G. V. A. PANTULU
Journal: Circulation (1959)

Very little information is available about the incidence of coronary heart disease in India, or of factors considered responsible for it. In a previous paper, the incidence of atherosclerosis as judged by electrocardiogram, the fat intake, and serum cholesterol levels in 2 low-income groups (industrial and rural) in Delhi were investigated. These data in high-income groups in Delhi have now been studied and the results compared. There were considerable differences in the findings in the 2 groups.
A randomized comparison of continuous vs. intermittent infliximab maintenance regimens over 1 year in the treatment of moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis
Authors: Alan Menter, Steven R. Feldman, Gerald D. Weinstein, Kim Papp, Robert Evans, Cynthia Guzzo, Shu Li, Lisa T. Dooley, Cynthia Arnold, Alice B. Gottlieb
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2006)
On the Cause of So-Called Phosphorus Necrosis of the Jaw in Match-Workers
Authors: R. Stockman
Journal: BMJ (1899)

THE CAUSE OF PHGSPHORUS NECROSIS..L JNAt .92ment of the sick.Experienc& proves that this is not' the *case; the new organisations, especially when they are closely 4niAtei to the hospital,'afford them rather the opportunity of 'Wingimagfto the service of their patients new means of cure.
Profiling of suppressive immune subsets in metastasis negative and positive sentinel lymph nodes from patients with HER2- breast cancer
Authors: Rieneke van de Ven, Kim van Pul, Shaghayegh Aliabadi, M Petrousjka van den Tol, Daniel Haley, Raina Tamakawa, Ronald J Vuylsteke, Hein B Stockmann, Julie L Cramer, Walter J Urba, Bernard A Fox, Tanja D de Gruijl
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2014)

Meeting abstracts Since it is the site of initial immune activation and priming of antigen-specific T cells, as well as the first location to which tumor cells metastasize, our research focuses on understanding the immune status and tumor-induced suppression within breast cancer (BrCa)-draining
Ethics and Medicine
Authors: J. G. Thwaites
Journal: BMJ (1952)

Neutrophilic asthma is a prevalent, yet recently described phenotype of asthma. It is characterized by neutrophilic rather than eosinophilic airway inflammation and airways hyperresponsiveness (AHR) and may have an infectious origin. Chlamydial respiratory infections are associated with asthma, but how these Th1-inducing bacteria influence Th2-mediated asthma remains unknown. The effects of chlamydial infection on the development of asthma were investigated using a BALB/c mouse model of OVA-induced allergic airways disease (AAD). The effects of current and resolved <i>Chlamydia muridarum</i> infection during OVA sensitization on AAD were assessed and compared with uninfected and nonsensitized controls. Current, but not resolved, infection attenuated hallmark features of AAD: pulmonary eosinophil influx, T cell production of IL-5, mucus-secreting cell hyperplasia, and AHR. Current infection also induced robust OVA-driven neutrophilic inflammation and IFN-γ release from T cells. The phenotype of suppressed but persistent Th2 responses in association with enhanced neutrophilia is reminiscent of neutrophilic asthma. This phenotype was also characterized by increased pulmonary IL-12 and IL-17 expression and activation of APCs, as well as by reduced thymus- and activation-regulated chemokine. Inhibition of pulmonary neutrophil influx during infection blocked OVA-induced neutrophilic inflammation and T cell IFN-γ production and reversed the suppressive effects on mucus-secreting cell hyperplasia and AHR during AAD. These changes correlated with decreased IL-12 and IL-17 expression, increased thymus- and activation-regulated chemokine and altered APC activation. Blocking IFN-γ and IL-17 during OVA challenge had no effect. Thus, active chlamydial respiratory infection during sensitization enhances subsequent neutrophilic inflammation and Th1/Th17 responses during allergen exposure and may have a role in the pathogenesis of neutrophilic asthma.
Bergmann glia expression of polyglutamine-expanded ataxin-7 produces neurodegeneration by impairing glutamate transport
Authors: Sara K Custer, Gwenn A Garden, Nishi Gill, Udo Rueb, Randell T Libby, Christian Schultz, Stephan J Guyenet, Thomas Deller, Lesnick E Westrum, Bryce L Sopher, Albert R La Spada
Journal: Nature Neuroscience (2006)