tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
An Early Commentary on Medical Care
Authors: Leon Gordis
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1975)

Much is written today about the nature of physicianpatient interaction, patient response to the medical encounter, patient compliance and patient satisfaction. Although these are often viewed as new concerns of medicine, their importance was recognized long ago as demonstrated in this Old Testament story from the fifth chapter of the second book of Kings. Selected verses* follow together with brief comments:1. THE MEDICAL PROBLEM Now Naaman, captain of the army of the king of Aram, was a great man with his master and held in esteem, because by him the Lord had given victory unto Aram; he was also . . .
Degradation of sulfated proteoglycans in the subendothelial extracellular matrix by human platelet heparitinase.
Authors: J Yahalom, A Eldor, Z Fuks, I Vlodavsky
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1984)

Cultured vascular and corneal endothelial cells produce an underlying extracellular matrix (ECM) which induces platelet adherence, aggregation, and release reaction. Incubation of a metabolically (35S)O = 4-labeled ECM with platelet-rich plasma or washed platelets, but not with platelet-poor plasma, resulted in degradation of its heparan sulfate-containing proteoglycans into labeled fragments four to five times smaller than intact glycosaminoglycan side chains. These fragments were sensitive to deamination with nitrous acid and were not produced in the presence of heparin, indicating that heparan sulfate in the ECM is susceptible to cleavage by the platelet heparitinase. This degradation required adhesion of platelets to the ECM rather than aggregation since it was not inhibited by aspirin, which prevented platelet aggregation but not adherence. The enzyme was not released during aggregation of platelets on the ECM but was readily liberated upon their exposure to thrombin. This liberation was inhibited in the presence of prostacyclin (PGI2). Isolated high molecular weight proteoglycans first released from the ECM by incubation with platelet poor plasma served as a substrate for further degradation by the platelet heparitinase, suggesting a cascade mechanism for degradation of heparan sulfate in the ECM. Heparitinase, although to a lower level, was also active when washed platelets were added on top of a confluent endothelial cell monolayer covering the (35S)O = 4-labeled ECM. It is suggested that the platelet heparitinase may be involved in the impairment of the integrity of the vessel wall and thus facilitate the extravasation of blood-borne cells.
Localized Hypersensitivity and Late Coronary Thrombosis Secondary to a Sirolimus-Eluting Stent
Authors: Renu Virmani, Giulio Guagliumi, Andrew Farb, Giuseppe Musumeci, Niccolo Grieco, Teresio Motta, Laurian Mihalcsik, Maurizio Tespili, Orazio Valsecchi, Frank D. Kolodgie
Journal: Circulation (2004)

Background— The US Food and Drug Administration recently issued a warning of subacute thrombosis and hypersensitivity reactions to sirolimus-eluting stents (Cypher). The cause and incidence of these events have not been determined. Methods and Results— We present findings of a 58-year-old man who died of late stent thrombosis 18 months after receiving 2 Cypher stents for unstable angina. Although angiographic and intravascular ultrasound results at 8 months demonstrated the absence of neointimal formation, vessel enlargement was present. An autopsy showed aneurysmal dilation of the stented arterial segments with a severe localized hypersensitivity reaction consisting predominantly of T lymphocytes and eosinophils. Conclusions— The known pharmacokinetic elution profile of Cypher stents and the presence of polymer fragments surrounded by giant cells and eosinophils suggest that a reaction to the polymer may have caused late stent thrombosis. Careful long-term follow-up of patients with vessel enlargement after Cypher stent placement is recommended.
Rupture of breast implant shell must be differentiated from gel bleed
Authors: C. Boffa, R. I. Cutress, C. M. Rubin, N. Horlock, G. T. Royle
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Confusion has been caused by differences in definition of leakage of silicone from breast implants.1 The Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency website (www.mhra.gov.uk) usefully differentiates between rupture of the shell of the …
Analysis of factors predicting survival in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma treated with percutaneous laser ablation
Authors: Claudio Maurizio Pacella, Giancarlo Bizzarri, Giampiero Francica, Giuseppe Forlini, Alessandra Petrolati, Dario Valle, Vincenzo Anelli, Antonio Bianchini, Stefano De Nuntis, Sara Pacella, Zaccaria Rossi, John Osborn, Roberto Stasi
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2006)
Unusual selection on the KIR3DL1/S1 natural killer cell receptor in Africans
Authors: Paul J Norman, Laurent Abi-Rached, Ketevan Gendzekhadze, Daniel Korbel, Michael Gleimer, Don Rowley, Dan Bruno, Christine V F Carrington, Dasdayanee Chandanayingyong, Yih-Hsin Chang, Catalina Crespí, Güher Saruhan-Direskeneli, Patricia A Fraser, Kamran Hameed, Giorgi Kamkamidze, Kwadwo A Koram, Zulay Layrisse, Nuria Matamoros, Joan Milà, Myoung Hee Park, Ramasamy M Pitchappan, D Dan Ramdath, Ming-Yuh Shiau, Henry A F Stephens, Siske Struik, David H Verity, Robert W Vaughan, Dolly Tyan, Ronald W Davis, Eleanor M Riley, Mostafa Ronaghi, Peter Parham
Journal: Nature Genetics (2007)
Differential Activation of Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases by H <sub>2</sub> O <sub>2</sub> and O <sub>2</sub> <sup>−</sup> in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells
Authors: Arnold S. Baas, Bradford C. Berk
Journal: Circulation Research (1995)

Abstract Increased generation of active oxygen species such as H 2 O 2 and O 2 − may be important in vascular smooth muscle cell growth associated with atherosclerosis and restenosis. In previous work, we showed that H 2 O 2 stimulated vascular smooth muscle cell growth and proto-oncogene expression. In the present study, we compared the effects of H 2 O 2 and O 2 − on cultured rat aortic vascular smooth muscle cell growth and signal transduction. O 2 − was generated in a concentration-dependent manner by the naphthoquinolinedione LY83583. Vascular smooth muscle cell growth, as measured by [ 3 H]thymidine incorporation, was stimulated by 200 μmol/L H 2 O 2 (110% increase versus 0.1% serum) and 1 μmol/L LY83583 (175% increase) to levels comparable to 10 ng/mL platelet-derived growth factor (210% increase). Since activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAP kinase) is one of the earliest growth factor signal events, the activity of MAP kinase was measured by changes in mobility on Western blot and by phosphorylation of myelin basic protein. There was a concentration-dependent increase in MAP kinase activity by LY83583 (maximum, 10 μmol/L) but not by H 2 O 2 . The time course for activation of MAP kinase by LY83583 showed a maximum at 5 to 10 minutes with return to baseline by 20 minutes. Activation of MAP kinase by LY83583 was protein kinase C dependent. Expression of MAP kinase phosphatase-1 (MKP-1), a transcriptionally regulated redox-sensitive protein tyrosine/threonine phosphatase, was also measured. Although H 2 O 2 induced MKP-1 mRNA to a greater extent than did LY83583, the increased MKP-1 expression could not explain the inability of H 2 O 2 to stimulate MAP kinase, because mRNA levels were not detected until 60 minutes. The findings that both O 2 − and H 2 O 2 stimulate vascular smooth muscle cell growth but only O 2 − rapidly activates MAP kinase suggest that additional signal events are required for the mitogenic effects of H 2 O 2 .
Use of 125I- and 51Cr-Labeled Albumin for the Measurement of Gastrointestinal and Total Albumin Catabolism*
Authors: Robert M. Kerr, John J. Du Bois, Peter R. Holt
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1967)

A method for the simultaneous measurement of gastrointestinal protein loss and total albumin turnover entailing the use of a combination of (125)iodine- and (51)chromium-labeled albumin is described. Albumin turnover was calculated by the measurement of albumin-(125)I plasma decay and cumulative urinary excretion, and the results obtained agreed closely with previous studies utilizing albumin-(131)I. Gastrointestinal catabolism was calculated from the rate of fecal excretion of (51)Cr and the specific activity of plasma albumin-(51)Cr, and these data were related to the calculated albumin turnover results. During the period of 6-14 days after administration, the ratio of specific activties of albumin-(125)I and -(51)Cr in plasma and in extravascular spaces or gastric and biliary secretions remained almost identical. Fecal excretion of (51)Cr was also quite stable at this time. In six normal subjects gastrointestinal catabolism accounted for less than 10% of total albumin catabolism. Excessive gastrointestinal protein losses did not contribute to the low serum albumin in three patients with cirrhosis or in two adults with the nephrotic syndrome. Multiple mechanisms leading to hypoalbuminemia were demonstrated in other subjects with a variety of gastrointestinal disorders.
A Late Relapse of Wegener Granulomatosis
Authors: Elliot W. Ehrich
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1990)

Letters and Corrections15 June 1990A Late Relapse of Wegener GranulomatosisElliot W. Ehrich, MD, James L. McGuire, MD, Hugh O. McDevitt, MDElliot W. Ehrich, MDSearch for more papers by this author, James L. McGuire, MDSearch for more papers by this author, Hugh O. McDevitt, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-112-12-965_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the Editor:We report the long-term follow-up of a patient (Case 2) described previously in this journal (1). The patient presented in 1968 at age 23 with fever, malaise, purulent rhinitis, and right otitis media. She had multiple nodules on a chest roentgenogram, mucosal thickening on a sinus roentgenogram, and proteinuria with erythrocyte casts. Lung and sinus biopsies were consistent with Wegener granulomatosis. She was treated with intravenous nitrogen mustard followed by oral prednisone and chlorambucil through September 1970 with complete resolution of symptoms and laboratory findings. The patient remained entirely asymptomatic off medication until February 1990 when she...References1. Raitt J. Wegener's granulomatosis: treatment with cytotoxic agents and adrenocorticoids. Ann Intern Med. 1971;74:344-56. LinkGoogle Scholar2. Fauci A, Haynes B, Katz P, and Wolff S. Wegener's granulomatosis: prospective clinical and theraputic experience with 85 patients for 21 years. Ann Intern Med. 1983;98:76-85. LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Elliot W. Ehrich, MD; James L. McGuire, MD; Hugh O. McDevitt, MDAffiliations: Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford, CA 94305 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 June 1990Volume 112, Issue 12Page: 965-965KeywordsBiopsyFeversLungsOtitis mediaPatient advocacyProteinuriaResearch laboratoriesRhinitisThoraxWegener granulomatosis ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 15 June 1990 PDF downloadLoading ...
Why don't we have all the evidence on oseltamivir?
Authors: F. Godlee, M. Clarke
Journal: BMJ (2009)

We evaluated 2 patients with primary autonomic failure, without clinical peripheral neuropathy. One had primary autonomic failure alone (PAF), and the other had autonomic failure and multiple system atrophy (MSA). Direct intraneural recordings demonstrated a marked reduction of sympathetic efferent nerve impulse activity in the PAF patient. The patient with MSA had spontaneous bursts of sympathetic nerve impulses that confirmed the functional integrity of postganglionic sympathetic efferent neurons. Neurosecretory activity of these neurons correlated with the electrophysiologic findings. The PAF patient had markedly reduced supine norepinephrine (NE) levels that did not rise upon standing. The supine NE level in the MSA patient was normal. Morphometric study of biopsied sural nerve in the MSA patient showed that unmyelinated fibers were normal, whereas the nerve of the PAF patient showed clear evidence of past degeneration. We suggest that the primary preganglionic sympathetic defect in MSA releases viable postganglionic sympathetic efferents from central control. Decentralized postganglionic elements may fire spontaneously, thus activating peripheral effectors and providing potentially useful signs and symptoms for differential diagnosis.
Prognostic Factors in Upper G.I. Bleeding
Authors: F.T. de Dombal, J.R. Clarke, Susan Clamp, G. Malizia, M.R. Kotwal, A.G. Morgan
Journal: Endoscopy (1986)

This presentation draws upon the experience of the O.M.G.E. Multi-national Upper G.I. Bleeding Survey, using data collected during 1980-1982 by 185 clinicians from 44 centres in 21 countries to discuss two questions. First, can prognostic factors be identified in patients presenting to hospital with upper G.I. bleeding, and if so what are they? Second, is it possible - by combining the two technologies of endoscopy and computers - to provide an individual patient with a short-term prognostic prediction sufficiently accurate to affect patient management.
Are Esophageal Motility Abnormalities Produced During the Intraesophageal Acid Perfusion Test?
Authors: Joel E. Richter
Journal: JAMA (1985)

Many years ago, it was proposed that the symptoms of heartburn correlated more closely with acid-induced esophageal motility abnormalities than with the presence of inflammation. This concept, however, has not been evaluated by modern manometric techniques. We monitored intraesophageal pressures during acid perfusion (0.1N hydrochloric acid) in 17 reflux patients with gross esophagitis and positive pain response and 17 age-matched controls. Using a low-compliance infusion system, amplitude, duration, velocity, and the presence of simultaneous and repetitive contractions in the body of the esophagus were evaluated. Amplitude did not change in either group. Duration did increase significantly during acid perfusion in reflux patients, but not in controls. Mean duration between groups, however, was similar before and during acid perfusion. No simultaneous contractions were observed, while three patients and two controls had repetitive contractions. A significant decrease in velocity was observed in both groups during acid perfusion. These studies indicate that acid-induced motor abnormalities are neither a common accompaniment nor necessary for the production of acid-induced pain in the esophagus. (<i>JAMA</i>1985;253:1914-1917)
Study Design and Statistical Analysis: A Practical Guide for Clinicians
Authors: Halcyon Skinner
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2007)

Medical Writings: Book Notes20 November 2007Study Design and Statistical Analysis: A Practical Guide for CliniciansHalcyon Skinner, PhD, MPHHalcyon Skinner, PhD, MPHFrom the University of Wisconsin School of Medicine Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-147-10-200711200-00021 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Katz M. 200 pages. New York: Cambridge Univ Pr; 2006. $36.00. ISBN 0521534070. Order at www.cambridge.org/us.Field of medicine: Clinical research.Format: Softcover book.Audience: Clinicians or medical students with an interest in conducting observational research or clinical studies, and those who want to better understand research methods in medical literature.Purpose: With its companion book, to “enable clinical researchers to design rigorous studies and analyse the data using both basic and advanced statistical techniques.”Content: The book surveys clinical research from the formulation of a research question through the collection and analysis of data to the publication of results. ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From the University of Wisconsin School of Medicine Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 20 November 2007Volume 147, Issue 10Page: 744KeywordsData managementInstitutional review boardsIntent to treat analysisPrevention, policy, and public healthResearch designSoftware toolsStatistical dataSurvey research ePublished: 20 November 2007 Issue Published: 20 November 2007 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2007 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Association of Electrocardiographic Morphology of Exercise-Induced Ventricular Arrhythmia with Mortality
Authors: Robert E. Eckart, Michael E. Field, Tomasz W. Hruczkowski, Daniel E. Forman, Sharmila Dorbala, Marcelo F. Di Carli, Christine E. Albert, William H. Maisel, Laurence M. Epstein, William G. Stevenson
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2008)

Background: The prognostic importance of exercise-induced ventricular arrhythmia (EIVA) may be confounded by the presence of lower-risk idiopathic right ventricular outflow tract arrhythmias with left bundle-branch block (LBBB) morphology. Objective: To determine whether right bundle-branch block (RBBB)–morphology EIVA was associated with increased mortality. Design: Retrospective cohort. Setting: Academic medical center. Patients: 585 unique patients with EIVA and 2340 patients without EIVA, matched by age, sex, and risk factor, who were referred for exercise testing in an academic medical center. Measurements: Deaths and ischemia and infarction found on perfusion scan. Results: During a mean follow-up of 24 months (SD, 13), 31 deaths occurred in the EIVA group compared with 43 deaths in the group without EIVA (5.3% vs. 1.8%; P < 0.001). Worse survival in patients with RBBB-morphology or multiple-morphology EIVA (6.9%) than in patients without EIVA caused this difference. Patients with LBBB-morphology EIVAs had a mortality rate (2.5%) similar to that of patients without EIVA (P = 0.93, log-rank test). Among patients without known atherosclerotic coronary artery disease, any RBBB-morphology EIVA was associated with death (hazard ratio, 2.73 [95% CI, 1.78 to 4.13]; P < 0.001), but LBBB-morphology EIVA was not (hazard ratio, 0.82 [CI, 0.18 to 2.04]; P = 0.72). Limitations: Not all LBBB-morphology EIVA can be dismissed, and not all RBBB-morphology EIVA is high risk. Further evaluation of patients for structural heart disease was clinically driven, not protocol-driven. Conclusion: Right bundle-branch block– or multiple-morphology EIVA is associated with increased mortality. Inclusion of patients with isolated LBBB-morphology EIVA, which often is idiopathic, may contribute to differences in the prognostic importance of EIVA in previous studies.
SKIN XANTHOMA FOLLOWING ERYTHRODERMA
Authors: ANNE E. WALKER, I. B. SNEDDON
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1968)

SUMMARY. Four patients who developed diffuse xanthomatous lesions during the course of chronic dermatoses are described. It is suggested that the association is more than coincidental and is related to the underlying disturbance of the reticulo-endothelial system.
FURTHER REPORT OF A PREVIOUSLY RECORDED CASE OF BLASTOMYCOSIS OF THE SKIN; SYSTEMIC INFECTION WITH BLASTOMYCES; DEATH; AUTOPSY.
Authors: JAMES W. WALKER
Journal: JAMA (1902)

<h3>INTRODUCTORY NOTE BY DR. MONTGOMERY.</h3> I reported this case before the meeting of the American Dermatological Association in 1900<sup>1</sup>as a case of blastomycosis of the skin (blastomycetic dermatitis of Gilchrist), in which death finally occurred from miliary tuberculosis of the lungs and other organs. In explanation, I would state that I was away from Chicago during the last weeks of the man's illness and at the time of his death. My friend, the late Dr. D. D. Bishop, in whose charge I left the case, wrote me that the autopsy showed the man died of miliary tuberculosis. Up to this time the diagnosis of the cutaneous lesions had not been definitely determined, though they had been carefully studied both clinically and histologically by a number of competent observers. The case was now considered an unusual form of cutaneous tuberculosis followed by systemic infection. I gave Dr. Bishop the
WHO report says AIDS offers healthcare opportunity
Authors: F. Fleck
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Dr Lee Jong-wook, director general of the World Health Organization, has said that the organisation's goal of getting lifesaving antiretroviral drugs to three million patients with HIV or AIDS in the developing world by 2005 presents a golden opportunity to put in place desperately needed basic healthcare systems.

In the preface to WHO's annual report on global health Dr Lee said that funds for tackling the AIDS crisis could in turn establish lasting health systems for the future treatment and prevention of disease in the developing world.

“A message that runs through these …
Abstract 2333: Serotonin: A known neurotransmitter functions as an angiokine to support cancer progression
Authors: Ali Zamani, Anshu Roy, Ling Zhai, Yulia Maxuitenko, Rongbao Li, Zhican Qu
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Platelet aggregation leads to significant serotonin release from its major storage and results in increasing of serotonin levels at injury site and thrombotic tumor environment. Many studies have shown that platelet activation plays a crucial role in tumor progression; however, the role of serotonin in angiogenesis and tumor progression has not been well studied. In this study, we have tested the hypothesis that 5-HT promotes angiogenesis, and antagonizing 5-HT activity has anti-angiogenic benefit in controlling tumor growth. Real time PCR and western blot studies showed that endothelial cell expressed 5-HT receptor 1B (HTR1B) in higher level than other 5-HT receptors. Endothelial cell proliferation and tube formation were significantly affected by blocking HTR1B and the cAMP and IP1 assays have revealed the HTR1B as the inhibitory type of GPCR. Stimulation of endothelial cell with 5-HT or HTR1B agonist has led to activation of two individual signaling pathways: ERK and Akt / mTOR. In further studies, p70S6K was recognized as the merging point of these signaling. These kinases have been also activated by known angiogenic factors (VEGF and FGF) but the mechanism of activation was different from serotonin and it was through their tyrosine kinase receptors. In contrast, pretreatment of endothelial cell with a selective HTR1B antagonist have led to blockade of the 5-HT induced kinases’ activation. We also demonstrated angiogenic promoting activity of 5-HT with a mouse Matrigel plug (in vivo angiogenesis model system) and antiangiogenic potential of antagonists against HTR1B with an ex vivo tumor angiogenesis model (xenograft CAM assay) and xenograft mice model of human ovary cancer (SKOV-3). Selective HTR1B antagonist displayed the synergistic effect (combination index analysis) in blocking tumor-induced new blood vessel formation when it was applied in combination with Sutent (VEGFR2 antagonist). HTR1B antagonist also showed preclinical efficacy in the xenograft model of human ovary cancer by reducing over 50% in tumor size and blood vessel density marker.The results of this study enhanced our understanding of the serotonin-signaling pathway in human endothelial cells during angiogenesis. This research also revealed the potential of 5-HT signaling as the new target for antiangiogenic development. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2333. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-2333