tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Alcohol Withdrawal Treatment Manual
Authors: Michael Mayo-Smith
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1999)

Medical Writings: Book Notes21 December 1999Alcohol Withdrawal Treatment ManualMichael Mayo-Smith, MD, MPHMichael Mayo-Smith, MD, MPHHarvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. (Mayo)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-131-12-199912210-00020 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail DePetrillo P, McDonough M. 244 pages. Glen Echo, MD: Focused Treatment Systems; 1999. $75.00. ISBN 0966167309. Order phone 301-320-0529.Field of medicine: Addiction medicine.Format: Softcover book.Audience: Clinicians who provide medical coverage for substance abuse programs or manage alcohol withdrawal.Purpose: To serve as a manual for management of alcohol withdrawal.Content: Clinical presentation, differential diagnosis, and treatment of alcohol withdrawal, including delirium tremens, are covered. The pharmacology of drugs recommended by the authors and common medical emergencies seen in patients in withdrawal are reviewed. Potential quality assurance monitors for treatment of alcohol withdrawal are also discussed.Highlights: The ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. (Mayo) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 21 December 1999Volume 131, Issue 12Page: 981KeywordsAlcoholismAlcoholsDelirium tremensDrug therapyDrugsEvidence based medicineHealth care quality assessmentPharmacologySoftware toolsSubstance abuse ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 21 December 1999 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1999 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Epilepsy and Occupational Placement
Authors: Reina Berner
Journal: JAMA (1982)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> We are concerned about the response provided in the QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS section (1981; 246:1019) concerning what work restrictions, if any, should be placed on an adult with recent onset of seizures. Initially, Dr Fisher's response included factual information on the Federal Rehabilitation Act of 1972, which "precluded rejecting applicants or employees on the basis of physical or mental disabilities unless the disability is such as to render the applicant not qualified for the jobs that are available. An applicant or employee can be disqualified... only if his/her handicaps create a substantial risk of imminent danger to self or others." Dr Fisher than proceeds to advise that the examining physician should not try to advise on placement of the employee before obtaining a detailed medical history and obtaining information on the type, severity, duration, and control of seizures. From this individualized approach, Dr Fisher then imposes universal
Abstract P5-08-14: Deregulated histone and cell cycle pathways are associated with anthracycline resistance in breast cancer
Authors: M Braunstein, L Liao, N Lyttle, KJ Taylor, P Krzyzanowski, I Kalatskaya, L Stein, R Marcellus, R Al-Awar, JMS Bartlett, M Spears
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Drug resistance in breast cancer is the major obstacle to a successful outcome following chemotherapy treatment. While a well-recognized mechanism of resistance involves upregulation of multidrug resistance (MDR) genes, the complexity and hierarchy of other non-MDR driven pathways are still largely unknown. The aim of this study was to identify pathways contributing to anthracycline resistance using isogenic drug resistant breast cancer cell lines. We generated MDA-MB-231, MCF7, SKBR3 and ZR-75-1 epirubicin-resistant breast cancer cell lines, all of which were cross-resistant to doxorubicin and SN-38; only SKBR3 cell line was also resistant to taxanes. Epirubicin-resistant cells were morphologically different from native cells, and had alterations in apoptosis and cell cycle profile. Using gene expression and small inhibitor analyses we identified deregulation of histone H2A and H2B genes in all four cell lines. These genes contribute to several biological pathways, which include cell cycle, chromosomal maintenance, epigenetics, RNA polymerase and mitochondrial transcription, as well as post-translational protein modifications. Importantly, histone deacetylase and cell cycle/DNA damage small molecule inhibitors reversed resistance and were cytotoxic for all four epirubicin-resistant cell lines confirming that histone and cell cycle pathways are associated with epirubicin resistance. Our study has established a model system for investigating drug resistance in all four breast cancer subtypes and revealed key pathways that contribute to the molecular mechanisms of anthracycline resistance. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr P5-08-14.
360. Disturbance of Airway Epithelium Is Reduced, Whilst Lentivirus-Mediated Gene Transfer Is Maintained, after Low Dose Lysophosphatidylcholine Pre-Treatment In Vivo
Authors: Patricia Cmielewski, Alice G. Stocker, David W. Parsons, Donald S. Anson
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

Introduction: In developing an effective gene therapy for CF lung disease we have shown that pre-treatment of mouse nasal respiratory epithelium with the detergent lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) enhances lentivirus (LV)-mediated gene transfer in vivo. Initial studies showed significant gene transfer, however areas of cell damage were also evident. This study sought to find lower dose settings that achieved similar gene transfer, without histologically apparent disruption of the epithelium.
Psychiatric Units in General Hospitals
Authors: B. M. C. Gilsenan
Journal: BMJ (1963)

the hope of severing a partly cut off tissue or by cutting the tube and allowing the trapped specimen to slough off so that eventually the capsule may be recovered in the faeces.With the tubes designed by Brandborg et al. and our- selves the knife movements are controlled at all times by the pull-wire, and thus any nipped mucosa can be released without trouble.To summarize, we believe that a smaller biopsy aperture, carefully con- trolled use of negative pressure, and indirect control of the movements of the knife make for safe biopsies.With our own child's-size biopsy tube no complications were encountered in 104 successful child biopsies.The investigator has therefore to choose between safety on the one hand, and simplicity of method and perhaps technical superiority on the other hand.Small intestinal biopsy in children must be regarded as a specialized procedure and requires skill and knowledge of tech- nique, whatever method is used.We believe that the pull-wire tubes should not be discarded in favour of the Crosby- Kugler tube, especially in paediatric work.They could certainly be improved technically.Would any paediatrician be interested in trying ?-I am, etc.,
PD3-2-7: Implications of tumour cavitation on response assessment in trials of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor (VEGFR) Inhibitors in combination with platinum-based chemotherapy for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC): An analysis of trials conducted by the National Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group (NCIC CTG).
Authors: Scott A. Laurie, Simon Crabb, Andrew Arnold, Glen Goss, Frances A. Shepherd, Lesley Seymour
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2007)
Influence of substratum surface chemistry/energy and topography on the human fetal osteoblastic cell line hFOB 1.19: Phenotypic and genotypic responses observed in vitro☆
Authors: Xiaomei Liu, Jung Yul Lim, Henry J. Donahue, Ravi Dhurjati, Andrea M. Mastro, Erwin A. Vogler
Journal: Biomaterials (2007)
Prevalence of Arterial Hypertension in Diabetic Patients Before and After the JNC-V
Authors: Lise Tarnow, Peter Rossing, Mari-Anne Gall, Flemming S Nielsen, Hans-Henrik Parving
Journal: Diabetes Care (1994)

To compare the prevalence of arterial hypertension in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) and non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) according to blood pressure (BP) criteria from the World Health Organization (WHO) and The Fifth Report of the Joint National Committee on Detection, Evaluation and Treatment of High Blood Pressure (JNC-V).Two cohorts of Caucasian patients attending the outpatient clinic at Hvidöre Hospital were identified: 1) 957 patients with IDDM; 53% men, 40 (18-75) years of age (mean [range]); and 2) 549 patients with NIDDM; 53% men, 60 (20-76) years of age. BP was measured at least yearly, while patients rested in a sitting position, with a standard clinical sphygmomanometer. Patients were classified as hyper- or normotensive based on average BP during a 3-year follow-up period. Patients receiving antihypertensive treatment were classified as hypertensives.In IDDM patients, the prevalence of arterial hypertension rose from 15 to 42% in the normoalbuminuric group, from 26 to 52% in the microalbuminuric group, and from 61 to 79% in the macroalbuminuric group when WHO and JNC-V criteria were compared. The corresponding rises in NIDDM patients were from 51 to 71% (normo-), from 73 to 90% (micro-), and from 82 to 93% (macroalbuminuria). Of the untreated hypertensive patients, 78% of IDDM patients and 50% of NIDDM patients had stage 1 (140-159/90-99 mmHg) hypertension; 20% of IDDM patients and 37% of NIDDM patients had stage 2 (160-179/100-109 mmHg) hypertension. Two out of three untreated hypertensive patients had isolated systolic hypertension.The new JNC-V criteria approved by the American Diabetes Association leads to a considerable increase in the prevalence of arterial hypertension in a population of IDDM and NIDDM patients. Isolated systolic hypertension contributes importantly.
Costs—Adding Up the Little Things
Authors: William E. Golden
Journal: JAMA (1980)

Recent articles in the medical literature voice concern over the rising costs associated with increased use of routine laboratory tests. The prevalence of automated screening of sera for biochemical and immunologic abnormalities has fostered a casual attitude toward obtaining additional information about a patient's biological profile. In addition, the creation of a new class of allied health personnel (ie, laboratory liaison technicians, phlebotomists—"the stickers") has removed another barrier to the use of laboratory facilities. Using a disinterested person to obtain blood from a patient frees the attending or house staff physician from the time commitment and potentially uncomfortable personal interaction connected with collecting yet another sample of body fluid. In many hospitals ordering a test has become merely the translation of thought to paper—the technicians, the laboratories, and the billing office take care of the rest of the logistics. It is not surprising, then, that laboratory use often reflects physician
Criminal Responsibility — A New Test for Massachusetts
Authors: A. Louis McGarry
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1968)

A NEW standard for criminal responsibility was established by the Supreme Judicial Court of Massachusetts in the McHoul decision,1 which was handed down on May 16, 1967. James McHoul's attorneys had appealed his conviction on two charges connected with an attempted rape on the grounds that his plea of not guilty by reason of insanity had been improperly rejected by the lower court. The decision had the effect of ordering a new trial for McHoul under the new standard, which is contained in the American Law Institute's Model Penal Code. It also had the effect of adopting this standard for . . .
Microbes make the bouquet
Authors: B Dixon
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Some years ago the manuscript of a book of mine went off simultaneously to both the British and American publishers. When their comments came back they were virtually identical - with one conspicuous difference. The US company took strong exception to part of a chapter on cheese making. I had pointed out that some of the fungi responsible for the delicious flavours of Stilton and Gorgonzola were categorised in US textbooks of dairy microbiology as unwanted contaminants. In a world dedicated to making indistinguishable varieties of bland “processed” cheese, the same micro-organisms so richly prized …
Predictors of Bone Mass in Perimenopausal Women
Authors: Charles W. Slemenda
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1990)

Study Objective: To determine whether clinically available data on risk factors are adequate to identify perimenopausal women with either low or high bone mass. Design: Cross-sectional observational study of a cohort of perimenopausal women (mean age, 50. 8 years). Setting: Community volunteers in a university hospital. Subjects: One hundred twenty-four white volunteers established as perimenopausal by history and serum concentrations of estrogens and follicle-stimulating hormone. Measurements and Main Results: Models were constructed to predict bone mass in the radius, lumbar spine, and hip using risk factors (age, height, weight, calcium and caffeine intake, alcohol and tobacco use, and urinary markers of bone turnover). Although highly significant predictive models were developed for all skeletal sites, none of the models correctly identified more than 70% of women with low bone mass at any site. However, for the radius, a model was constructed that never overestimated bone mass by more than 0.10 g/cm. A small subgroup (7%) with short stature, low body weight, low calcium intake, and who were heavy smokers always had low radial bone mass. Using these models, about 30% of our population could be assessed without bone mass measurements. Predictions for the spine and femur were less efficient, suggesting that direct measurements are required if therapy decisions are to be based on bone mass at these sites. Conclusions: Risk factors for osteoporosis are of limited use in identifying women with low bone mass around the time of menopause. Measurements of bone mass are probably necessary if the risk for osteoporosis is to be the basis for deciding on estrogen replacement therapy.
Double-blind cross-over comparison of indomethacin, flurbiprofen, and placebo in ankylosing spondylitis.
Authors: R D Sturrock, F D Hart
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1974)

Preliminary studies of flurbiprofen, a newly introduced anti-inflammatory agent, have shown that it exerts some anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects in man when compared with placebo and is relatively well tolerated (Chalmers, Cathcart, Kumar, Dick and Buchanan, 1972).The purpose of this paper is to compare the effects of flurbiprofen, indomethacin, and placebo under double-blind conditions in a group of patients with ankylosing spondylitis. Material and methodsThe patient group studied consisted of 24 subjects, three females and 21 males.All had a negative sheep cell agglutination test and fulfilled the criteria for the diagnosis of ankylosing spondylitis (Bennett and Wood, 1968).Exclusions from the trial were made on the basis of a history of peptic ulceration, intolerance to Indomethacin, and concurrent steroid therapy.Details of the patient group are shown in Table I.
Frequency of Glaucoma in Three Population Groups
Authors: Henry Packer, Alice R. Deutsch, Melvin W. Deweese, Mark Kashgarian, Philip M. Lewis
Journal: JAMA (1964)

Early recognition of subclinical glaucoma offers the best hope of minimizing its role as a leading cause of blindness. A glaucoma detection program based in the City of Memphis Hospitals provided an opportunity to compare frequency rates for glaucoma in three population groups. Analysis of the results of screening tests for glaucoma upon 9,243 persons and complete opthalmologic examinations upon 712 persons revealed estimated frequency rates of 3.0% in health card applicants, 6.4% in persons attending the medicine outpatient clinic, and 13.3% in persons with visual complaints attending the eye clinic.
REAL-TIME THREE-DIMENSIONAL ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY FOR A COMPREHENSIVE PRE-OPERATIVE ASSESSMENT OF HEART FAILURE PATIENTS WITH LEFT VENTRICULAR ANEURYSM: VALIDATION STUDY WITH MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING
Authors: Nina Ajmone Marsan, Jos J M Westenberg, Stijntje D. Roes, Claudia Ypenburg, Rutger J. van Bommel, Victoria Delgado, Rob J. van der Geest, Robert J. Klautz, Johan C. Reiber, Martin J. Schalij, Jeroen J. Bax
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Abstract 3396: Predictive value of metastatic lymph node ratio in diagnosis of recurrence after surgical resection of gastric cancer
Authors: Hiroaki Tanaka, Kazuya Muguruma, Mami Yoshii, Tomohiro Lee, Kenjiro Kimura, HIsashi Nagahara, Eiji Noda, Ryosuke Amano, Naoshi Kubo, Masakazu Yashiro, Nobuya Yamada, Kiyoshi Maeda, Tetsuji Sawada, Masaichi Ohira, Kosei Hirakawa
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Peritoneal meatastasis is the most important pattern in postoperative recurrence of gastric cancer. The purpose of this study was to investigate the predictive factors of peritoneal recurrence in gastric cancer patients who underwent surgical resection. We retrospectively analyzed clinical data of 137 consecutive patients diagnosed with peritoneal recurrence after curative gastrectomy at Department of Osaka City University Hospital. We evaluated association of clinicopathological features with relapse free survival rate. Parameters analyzed in this study included age, sex, tumor diameter, histological type, tumor infiltration, number of lymph node metastasis, TNM stage, lymphatic invasion, venous invasion, and metastatic lymph node ratio (MLR). Median survival time of entire patients was 12 months and mean MLR was 34%. For statistical analysis, we divided patients into two groups based on relapse free survival time. 78 patients who had peritoneal recurrence within one year after gastrectomy were defined as early recurrence group. The remaining 59 patients were stratified to late recurrence group. In comparison of both groups, univariate analysis showed statistically significant predictive factors associated with recurrence, for example, peritoneal lavage cytology, lymphatic invasion, tumor diameter, number of lymph node metastasis, and MLR. In multivariate analysis, MLR was identified as an independent predictive factor. Also the patients with 20% or higher MLR had poorer prognosis in overall survival. We demonstrated that lymph node metastasis was associated with peritoneal recurrence. Our findings suggested that MLR should be considered for postoperative adjuvant therapy to impede progression of peritoneal metastasis for gastric cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3396. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-3396
Colourings, flavourings, and sugars in children's medicines in India.
Authors: M L Kulkarni, C Sureshkumar, V Venkataramana
Journal: BMJ (1993)

Clinicians have recently questioned this theory because of the different age ranges of women with the two conditions.In our study not only was smoking twice as frequent as the local and national age matched expected fre-quency5 but the number of cigarettes smoked was increased in patients.Heavy smoking increases the risk of women developing periductal mastitis, but other factors may also have a role.Women with periductal mastitis should be warned that continued smoking may lead to recurrent mammary sepsis.The close correlation between smoking and the degree of periductal inflammation suggests that smoking is directly implicated in the pathogenesis of periductal mastitis.The finding that increasing age rather than smoking was related to duct dilatation seems to confirm clinicians' view that periductal mastitis and duct ectasia are two separate diseases.Clearly the nomenclature of these diseases needs clarification to emphasise their different aetiologies.
Inherited Deficiency of Second Component of Complement and HLA Haplotype A10,B18 Associated with Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: JOHN D. SLADE
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1978)

A patient with inflammatory bowel disease and sacroiliitis had haplotypes A10,B18 and Aw32,B18 at the major histocompatibility locus. Serum total complement and C2 hemolytic complement activities were undetectable; levels of the remaining C1-C9 components were normal. The parents, both siblings, and a child each had half-normal levels of C2 and either the A10,B18 or the Aw32,B18 HLA haplotype. In a second unrelated family, an only child and both parents developed inflammatory bowel disease. The father and child had HLA haplotype A10,B18, but, along with the mother, each had normal serum levels of hemolytic C and C2. Homozygous C2 deficiency, often in association with the A10,B18 haplotype, has previously been linked with various autoimmune diseases and with propensity to infection. Our findings suggest that C2 deficiency or this haplotype also may predispose to inflammatory diseases of the intestine.
Low doses of IGF-1 decrease histological damage, portal pressure (PP) and bacterial translocation (BT) in rats with cirrhosis induction
Authors: Vicente Lorenzo Zuniga, Ramon Bartoli, Ramon Planas, Carlos Rodriguez Ortigosa, Inmaculada Castilla Cortazar, Belen Vinado, Isabel Ojanguren, Jorge Quiroga, Miguel Angel Gassull, Jesus Maria Prieto
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2002)
P172 Acute NIV and mortality - failure of delivery or patient selection?
Authors: S Zaidi, K MacFarlane, K Dodd, V Ford, K Ward, H Ashcroft, J Cheney, V Molyneux, B Chakrabarti, J O'Reilly, N Duffy, R Angus, R Parker
Journal: Thorax (2013)

<h3>Background</h3> Non-invasive ventilation (NIV) is an established treatment for patients with acute ventilatory failure. It can be successfully provided on a specialist ward, rather than intensive care (ICU) when certain criteria are met. It is frequently delivered outside ICU when a patient is deemed not suitable for invasive ventilation. <h3>Methods</h3> Deaths in 2012 on our dedicated ventilation unit were analysed as part of ongoing clinical governance. Information on demographics, admission diagnosis, respiratory and metabolic acidosis, consolidation or pulmonary oedema on chest radiograph reports, Glasgow Coma Score (GCS), serum creatinine and hospital length of stay prior to NIV were recorded. Escalation of care and resuscitation decisions were noted. <h3>Results</h3> There were 228 admissions for acute NIV, with 31 recorded deaths (13.6%), 22 case notes were available for review. Mean age was 79 years, 77.3% had known COPD, admission median MRC score of 4, and 18.2% had been in hospital for &gt;7 days before NIV. All had acute hypercapnic respiratory failure. Not for resuscitation decisions had been made for 95.5% prior to NIV, and 100% had NIV as a ‘ceiling of care’. Mean pH was 7.25 (SD 0.06), similar to previous reports of admissions to our unit<sup>1</sup>, 22% had mixed acidosis (BE &lt;-2.0 mmol/l). GCS was &lt;8 in 9% and 36.4% had serum creatinine &gt;100 µmol/l, all triggering alerts for acute kidney injury. Admission diagnoses are shown in figure 1. Radiographic consolidation was reported in 59.1% and pulmonary oedema in 18.2%. <h3>Conclusion</h3> The mortality of patients receiving acute NIV is low<sup>2</sup>. Most deaths had an underlying diagnosis of COPD, they were an elderly frail group, deemed inappropriate for escalation to critical care. There were multiple risk factors for NIV failure on initiation of therapy. Whilst a trial of NIV may have been appropriate based purely on blood gases, it was at high risk of failure and discussion about end of life care may have offered an alternative approach. <h3>References</h3> Chakrabarti <i>et al</i>. <i>Thorax</i> 2009;857–62. Roberts <i>et al</i>. <i>Thorax</i> 2010;43–8.