tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
801 LONG-TERM PROGNOSIS OF COMBINED HEPATOCELLULAR AND CHOLANGIOCARCINOMA AFTER CURATIVE RESECTION: COMPARISON WITH HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA AND CHOLANGIOCARCINOMA
Authors: J.-H. Lee, W. Kim, H.Y. Kim, D. Kim, Y.J. Jung, J.-H. Yoon, H.-S. Lee, K.-S. Suh, K.U. Lee, J.J. Jang, Y.J. Kim
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)
Effect of partial agonist activity in beta blockers in severe angina pectoris: a double blind comparison of pindolol and atenolol.
Authors: A A Quyyumi, C Wright, L Mockus, K M Fox
Journal: BMJ (1984)

The use of beta adrenoceptor blockade in the treatment of rest angina is controversial, and the effects on severe angina of partial agonist activity in beta blockers are unknown. Eight patients with effort angina and seven with effort and nocturnal angina and severe coronary artery disease were studied initially when they were not taking any antianginal drugs. Pindolol 5 mg thrice daily (with partial agonist activity) and atenolol 100 mg daily (without partial agonist activity) were given for five days each in a double blind randomised manner. Diaries of angina were kept and treadmill exercise testing and ambulatory ST monitoring performed during the last 48 hours of each period of treatment. Daytime and nocturnal resting heart rates and the frequency of angina were significantly reduced by atenolol compared with pindolol (p less than 0.01). The duration of exercise was significantly increased and the frequency, duration, and magnitude of daytime and nocturnal episodes of ST segment depression on ambulatory monitoring were reduced by atenolol. Reduction in resting heart rate is important in the treatment of both effort and nocturnal angina. Partial agonist activity in beta adrenoceptor antagonists may be deleterious in patients with severe angina pectoris.
Deadly Fish, Tainted Toothpaste Spur Scrutiny of Products From China
Authors: Tracy Hampton
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
387 PLATELET COUNT/SPLEEN DIAMETER RATIO COMPARED TO HVPG AND TRANSIENT ELASTOGRAPHY TO PREDICT SEVERE PORTAL HYPERTENSION IN PATIENTS WITH LIVER CIRRHOSIS
Authors: D. Bitetto, W. De Bernardi-Venon, C. Fabris, P. Toniutto, M. Rizzetto, A. Marzano
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
Glucose Control and Renal and Retinal Complications of Diabetes Mellitus-Reply
Authors: H. Peter Chase
Journal: JAMA (1990)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> Dr Gwinup should be aware that the urine glucose measurements of the 1950s and the 1960s were shown to be of little value in the 1970s and the 1980s. Teenagers were smarter than we physicians in learning to exercise, avoid sweets, get all of the insulin in, etc, on urine collection days. They could affect the results as they wished. In addition, numerous investigators showed that the kidney threshold for glucose varied from person to person, and even from one time of day to another time of day for the same individual. Thus, our article in<i>JAMA</i>represents the first study with more than 1 or 2 years of data in which a reliable objective measurement, the glycohemoglobin, was used to evaluate glucose control longitudinally. Dr Gwinup should also be aware that the microalbumin measurements used in the article were shown in the 1980s to be an
Statistical Power, Sample Size, and Their Reporting in Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: David Moher
Journal: JAMA (1994)

To describe the pattern over time in the level of statistical power and the reporting of sample size calculations in published randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with negative results.Our study was a descriptive survey. Power to detect 25% and 50% relative differences was calculated for the subset of trials with negative results in which a simple two-group parallel design was used. Criteria were developed both to classify trial results as positive or negative and to identify the primary outcomes. Power calculations were based on results from the primary outcomes reported in the trials.We reviewed all 383 RCTs published in JAMA, Lancet, and the New England Journal of Medicine in 1975, 1980, 1985, and 1990.Twenty-seven percent of the 383 RCTs (n = 102) were classified as having negative results. The number of published RCTs more than doubled from 1975 to 1990, with the proportion of trials with negative results remaining fairly stable. Of the simple two-group parallel design trials having negative results with dichotomous or continuous primary outcomes (n = 70), only 16% and 36% had sufficient statistical power (80%) to detect a 25% or 50% relative difference, respectively. These percentages did not consistently increase over time. Overall, only 32% of the trials with negative results reported sample size calculations, but the percentage doing so has improved over time from 0% in 1975 to 43% in 1990. Only 20 of the 102 reports made any statement related to the clinical significance of the observed differences.Most trials with negative results did not have large enough sample sizes to detect a 25% or a 50% relative difference. This result has not changed over time. Few trials discussed whether the observed differences were clinically important. There are important reasons to change this practice. The reporting of statistical power and sample size also needs to be improved.
The Birth of Granulocytes
Authors: Mehdi Tavassoli
Journal: JAMA (1984)

Like all blood cells, granulocytes are produced in the extravascular space of the bone marrow through the differentiation of hemopoietic stem cells that can also produce red cells and platelets. Stem cells differentiate into progenitor cells committed to the production of granulocytes and macrophages. These progenitor cells, although morphologically not recognizable, can form granulocytic colonies in culture and, hence, are known as colony-forming units in culture. They further differentiate into recognizable myeloblasts, which first develop primary granules and then specific neutrophilic granules. When they are fully mature, they crawl to the abluminal surface of specialized vascular structures, known as sinusoids. Here, on the body's demand and in the presence of appropriate stimuli, they penetrate the cytoplasm of sinusoidal endothelium, entering the lumen and thence into the circulation. Humoral factors such as corticosteroids, immune mediators (eg, complement components), and possibly lymphokines (eg, interleukins) may function as the mediator of their egress.
Comparative roles of intraoperative epicardial and early postoperative transthoracic echocardiography in the assessment of surgical repair of congenital heart defects
Authors: Narayanswami Sreeram, Renate Kaulitz, Oliver F.W. Stümper, John Hess, Jan M. Quaegebeur, George R. Sutherland
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1990)
Functional Significance of Presynaptic α-Adrenergic Receptors in Failing and Nonfailing Human Left Ventricle
Authors: John D. Parker, Gary E. Newton, Joel S. Landzberg, John S. Floras, Wilson S. Colucci
Journal: Circulation (1995)

Background There are α-adrenergic receptors on human myocardium that exert positive inotropic effects. The effect of α-adrenergic receptor blockade on human left ventricular (LV) performance has not been fully explored. Although α-adrenergic receptor blockade might have effects on LV function that are mediated via blockade of postsynaptic myocardial α-adrenergic receptors, it is also possible that blockade of presynaptic α 2 -adrenergic receptors and subsequent increased release of norepinephrine would have effects on LV performance. In the present study, we explored the effects of nonselective α-adrenergic receptor blockade on LV performance and transcardiac norepinephrine concentrations in a group of patients with normal LV function and in a group of patients with congestive heart failure secondary to dilated cardiomyopathy. Methods and Results Using an intracoronary drug infusion technique, we administered the nonselective α-adrenergic antagonist phentolamine to 13 patients with normal LV function and 19 patients with congestive heart failure secondary to dilated cardiomyopathy. With a high-fidelity LV catheter, the systolic (+dP/dt) and diastolic (−dP/dt and Tau) LV function responses to intracoronary infusion of phentolamine (0.2 mg/min×5 minutes) were assessed. In 8 patients with normal ventricular function and 10 patients with congestive heart failure, arterial and coronary sinus blood samples were drawn to determine the effects of phentolamine on catecholamine concentrations. Phentolamine had no measurable effect on LV performance or catecholamine concentrations in the normal ventricular function group. In patients with congestive heart failure, intracoronary phentolamine caused a significant increase in +dP/dt and the rate of isovolumic LV relaxation (−dP/dt and Tau). These hemodynamic effects were accompanied by a significant increase in coronary sinus norepinephrine concentration but no change in arterial norepinephrine concentration. Conclusions Myocardial α-adrenergic receptor blockade causes significant inotropic and lusitropic effects in the failing but not the nonfailing human LV. These effects appear to be mediated by increased release of norepinephrine from cardiac nerves secondary to blockade of presynaptic α 2 -adrenergic receptors. Differences in the responses of the failing and nonfailing human LV appear to reflect the higher level of sympathetic activation that is seen in the group with congestive heart failure. This suggests that the presynaptic α 2 -adrenergic receptor exerts a tonic inhibitory effect on the release of norepinephrine from cardiac nerves in patients with congestive heart failure.
Association of Body Mass Index and Obesity Measured in Early Childhood With Risk of Coronary Heart Disease and Stroke in Middle Age
Authors: Debbie A. Lawlor, David A. Leon
Journal: Circulation (2005)

Background— There is concern that the childhood epidemic of obesity will result in increases in the risk of cardiovascular disease in the future; however, there is currently little direct evidence on this issue. Methods and Results— We assessed the association of body mass index, measured when subjects were a mean age of 4.9 years old, with the future risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke in a large Scottish birth cohort (born in the 1950s) who have been linked to hospital admissions and mortality data. At the start of the follow-up period (1981), there were 11 106 (91%) members of the cohort alive and believed to be resident in Scotland. Over the follow-up period, they contributed 245 000 person-years of risk. Among these subjects, there were 302 (53 fatal) cases of CHD, 109 (4 fatal) cases of stroke, and 397 (57 fatal) cases of either a CHD or stroke. There was no association between childhood body mass index and CHD risk. There was no linear association between childhood body mass index and stroke risk, but those who were obese in childhood (top 2.5% of the body mass index distribution) compared with all others had an increased risk of stroke; the adjusted (for gender, father’s occupational social class at birth, number of siblings, and birth weight) hazards ratio was 2.41 (95% CI 1.00 to 5.86). Conclusions— Body mass index in early childhood does not appear to be associated with increased CHD risk in later life.
Mannose binding lectin gene mutations are associated with progression of liver disease in chronic hepatitis B infection
Authors: Man-Fung Yuen, Chak-Sing Lau, Yu-Lung Lau, Wai-Man Wong, Chi-Chung Cheng, Ching-Lung Lai
Journal: Hepatology (1999)

Mannose-binding lectin (MBL) plays an important role in immune defense. We examined the MBL gene mutations and MBL levels in Chinese hepatitis B and hepatitis C patients with and without symptomatic cirrhosis. We recruited 190 hepatitis B and C patients, and 117 normal Chinese as controls. Serum MBL levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. MBL gene mutation at codons 52, 54, and 57 was detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. In asymptomatic hepatitis B and C patients, there was no increase in codons 52, 54, and 57 mutation, but the MBL levels were significantly lower than those in the controls. Codon 54 mutation rate was increased to 44.4% (P =.007) in symptomatic hepatitis B cirrhosis and 64.3% (P =.0026) in patients with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP). There was no increase in codon 54 mutation rate in hepatitis B-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In chronic hepatitis B infection, the odds ratio for an individual with codon 54 mutation to develop cirrhosis was 1.84 (95% CI: 1.21-2. 81) and to develop SBP was 4.58 (95% CI: 1.73-12.16). Chronic hepatitis B and hepatitis C infection lowered the MBL levels, probably by suppressing MBL production. Codon 54 mutation of MBL was associated with progression of disease in chronic hepatitis B infection.
Identification of Arctigenin as an Antitumor Agent Having the Ability to Eliminate the Tolerance of Cancer Cells to Nutrient Starvation
Authors: Suresh Awale, Jie Lu, Surya K. Kalauni, Yukiko Kurashima, Yasuhiro Tezuka, Shigetoshi Kadota, Hiroyasu Esumi
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract Tumor cells generally proliferate rapidly and the demand for essential nutrients as well as oxygen always exceeds the supply due to the unregulated growth and the insufficient and inappropriate vascular supply. However, cancer cells show an inherent ability to tolerate extreme conditions, such as that characterized by low nutrient and oxygen supply, by modulating their energy metabolism. Thus, targeting nutrient-deprived cancer cells may be a novel strategy in anticancer drug development. Based on that, we established a novel screening method to discover anticancer agents that preferentially inhibit cancer cell viability under the nutrient-deprived condition. After screening 500 medicinal plant extracts used in Japanese Kampo medicine, we found that a CH2Cl2-soluble extract of Arctium lappa exhibited 100% preferential cytotoxicity under the nutrient-deprived condition at a concentration of 50 μg/mL with virtually no cytotoxicity under nutrient-rich condition. Further bioassay-guided fractionation and isolation led to the isolation of arctigenin as the primary compound responsible for such preferential cytotoxicity; the compound exhibited 100% preferential cytotoxicity against nutrient-deprived cells at a concentration of 0.01 μg/mL. Furthermore, arctigenin was also found to strongly suppress the PANC-1 tumor growth in nude mice, as well as the growth of several of the tested pancreatic cancer cell lines, suggesting the feasibility of this novel antiausterity approach in cancer therapy. Further investigation of the mechanism of action of arctigenin revealed that the compound blocked the activation of Akt induced by glucose starvation, which is a key process in the tolerance exhibited by cancer cells to glucose starvation. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(3): 1751-7)
Soluble tumour necrosis factor receptor treatment does not affect raised transforming growth factor beta levels in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: S Drynda
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2002)

Objective: To further elucidate the immunomodulating effects of anti-tumour necrosis factor α treatment in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) by studying changes in plasma levels of transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) in patients with RA undergoing etanercept treatment. Methods: Plasma levels of TGFβ1 and TGFβ2 were determined in 26 patients with RA during six months of etanercept treatment and compared with disease activity and laboratory parameters, including matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3) and interleukin 6 (IL6). Results: Before treatment all patients had raised TGFβ1, IL6, and MMP-3 levels. In the course of treatment IL6 and MMP-3 levels decreased significantly, accompanied by a drop in serological markers (C reactive protein and erythrocyte sedimentation rate) and clinical disease activity (visual analogue scale and Thompson joint score). By contrast, high levels of latent TGFβ1 were present in all specimens over the entire six months. TGFβ2 levels did not change during treatment. Conclusions: Etanercept treatment induces subtle changes in the cytokine network. Although the proinflammatory cytokine IL6 is down regulated, the persistence of high TGFβ plasma levels indicates the existence of as yet unknown mechanisms for TGFβ overexpression in RA. This may predispose to severe infections and can cause an altered tumour defence.
An Uncommon Surgical Disease
Authors: Julien Jarry, Thierry Peycru, Manu Shekher, Jean Luc Faucheron
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Surgery HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Surgery journal
High-Potency Olfactory Receptor Agonists Discovered by Virtual High-Throughput Screening: Molecular Probes for Receptor Structure and Olfactory Function
Authors: Nicolas Triballeau, Eric Van Name, Guillaume Laslier, Diana Cai, Guillaume Paillard, Peter W. Sorensen, Rémy Hoffmann, Hugues-Olivier Bertrand, John Ngai, Francine C. Acher
Journal: Neuron (2008)
Comparison of Positron Emission Tomography Measurement of Adenosine-Stimulated Absolute Myocardial Blood Flow Versus Relative Myocardial Tracer Content for Physiological Assessment of Coronary Artery Stenosis Severity and Location
Authors: Mohammad M. Hajjiri, Marcia B. Leavitt, Hui Zheng, Amy E. Spooner, Alan J. Fischman, Henry Gewirtz
Journal: JACC. Cardiovascular imaging (2009)
186 EFFECT OF LOW MOLECULAR WEIGHT HEPARIN (LMWH) ON THROMBIN GENERATION IN CIRRHOTIC PATIENTS AT DIFFERENT STAGES OF LIVER DISEASE
Authors: K.I. Rodriguez, V. Rossetto, P. Dabrilli, S. Gavasso, C. Radu, P. Burra, P. Simioni, M. Senzolo
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
Tamoxifen Labeling Includes Stronger Warning
Authors: Stuart L. Nightingale
Journal: JAMA (1994)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Central role of PPARα-dependent hepatic lipid turnover in dietary steatohepatitis in mice
Authors: Emilia Ip, Geoffrey C. Farrell, Graham Robertson, Pauline Hall, Richard Kirsch, Isabelle Leclercq
Journal: Hepatology (2003)

We have proposed that steatohepatitis results from reactive oxygen species (ROS) acting on accumulated fatty acids to form proinflammatory lipoperoxides. Cytochrome P450 4a (Cyp4a) and Cyp2e1 are potential hepatic sources of ROS. We tested the hypothesis that increasing Cyp4a through activation of peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor α (PPARα) should aggravate steatohepatitis produced by feeding a methionine and choline deficient (MCD) diet. Conversely, we assessed dietary steatohepatitis in PPARα -/- mice that cannot up–regulate Cyp4a. Male wild type (wt) or PPARα -/- mice (C57BL6 background) were fed the MCD diet with or without Wy–14,643 (0.1% wt/wt), a potent PPARα agonist. Controls were fed the same diet supplemented with methionine and choline. After 5 weeks, wt mice fed the MCD diet developed moderate steatohepatitis and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels were increased. Wy–14,643 prevented rather than increased liver injury; ALT levels were only mildly elevated whereas steatohepatitis was absent. Wy–14,643 up–regulated mRNA for liver fatty acid binding protein and peroxisomal β–oxidation enzymes (acyl–CoA oxidase, bifunctional enzyme, and ketothiolase), thereby reducing hepatic triglycerides and preventing steatosis. In wt mice, dietary feeding up–regulated Cyp4a14 mRNA 2.7–fold and increased hepatic lipoperoxides compared with controls. Wy–14,643 prevented hepatic lipoperoxides from accumulating despite an 18–fold increase in both Cyp4a10 and Cyp4a14 mRNA. PPARα -/- mice fed the MCD diet developed more severe steatohepatitis than wt mice, and were unaffected by Wy–14,643. In conclusion, PPARα activation both increases Cyp4a expression and enhances hepatic lipid turnover; the latter effect removes fatty acids as substrate for lipid peroxidation and is sufficiently powerful to prevent the development of dietary steatohepatitis.
Strokes at night more likely to delay care
Authors: F. Charatan
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Patients who have strokes during the night wait 4-7 hours longer to seek emergency treatment than those whose strokes occur during the day, according to a US study.

This delay in seeking medical help is important because the type of treatment a stroke patient receives is partly determined by the length of time since the stroke began, warned researcher Dr Wayne Rosamond, assistant professor of epidemiology at the University of North Carolina, …