tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
<i>Bingham Mine</i>
Authors: Thomas B. Cole
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Evidence is lacking for or against multivitamins to prevent heart disease or cancer, US task force says
Authors: M. McCarthy
Journal: BMJ (2013)

The evidence is insufficient to tell whether taking multivitamins to prevent cardiovascular disease or cancer is beneficial or harmful, the US Preventive Services Task Force has concluded in a draft report released Tuesday 12 November.1

The task force also found that there wasn’t enough evidence to say whether products that provided one or pairs of vitamins and minerals were either helpful …
Prediction of terminal atrial myocardial repolarisation from incomplete phase 3 data
Authors: S B. OLSSON, N. CAI, N. EDVARDSSON, K. K TALWAR
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1989)

The duration of the monophasic action potential (MAP) carries prognostic antiarrhythmic information when the recording is done during sinus rhythm (SR) after DC conversion of atrial fibrillation (AF). This study analyses whether it is possible to predict MAP duration during sinus rhythm by analysing the atrial MAP during AF, even though complete myocardial repolarisation is never reached during this arrhythmia. We have therefore evaluated the estimated duration of the action potential (AP) and MAP by exponential extrapolation of phase 3 data. (1) AP studies were done on 11 human atrial myocardial specimens. Resting membrane potential (RMP) and AP duration were better identified when more data obtained during repolarisation were used for prediction. Thus the predicted RMP deviated on average by −0.4% of AF amplitude from the real RMP level when data to 90% repolarisation were used for extrapolation. AP duration at 90% repolarisation correlated well with the real AP duration (r=0.88) at this level of data aquisition. (2) Continuous recording of atrial MAPs was done in 15 patients during AF and in 12 of these during SR after DC conversion. Resting myocardial repolarisation level during AF, RP(EST), and estimated MAP duration, MAPD(EST), could be calculated by exponential extrapolation in 12 patients. The actual repolarisation during fibrillation reached below 90% of the RP(EST) level in eight patients and below 70% in all 12. The MAP duration during SR could be predicted with increasing precision when data closer to the RP(EST) were used for calculation of MAPD(EST). Thus MAPD(EST) correlated well with SR MAP duration when data reaching at least 90% of RP were used (r=0.85). We conclude that exponential extrapolation of incomplete repolarisation data, obtained by catheter recording of atrial MAP during AF, allows prediction of the duration of 90% repolarisation during SR.
The Epidemiology of Tuberculosis Among North Carolina Migrant Farm Workers
Authors: Stephen D. Ciesielski
Journal: JAMA (1991)

Although tuberculosis (TB) has been recognized as a significant health problem of migrant farm workers, the nature and extent of the problem have been poorly defined. We report the first population-based study of TB in a random sample of farm workers (n = 543) and the first use of recall antigens in an epidemiologic study of TB. Purified protein derivative positivity ranged from 33% in Hispanics to 54% in US-born blacks and 76% in Haitians. Active tubercular disease occurred in 3.6% of US-born blacks and 0.47% of Hispanics. Among US-born blacks, risk factors associated with farm work were most significant. Blacks born in the United States also had the highest prevalence of anergy. The use of recall antigens made possible a better description of the epidemiology of TB by excluding false negatives and clarifying associations between infection and risk factors. We conclude that TB among farm workers represents a serious public health problem with previously unrecognized risk factors. Additional resources for migrant health care, improvements in health care access, and fundamental changes in the system of migrant labor are all necessary to reduce the transmission of TB. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1991;265:1715-1719)
Interactive Medical Video Communication Appears to Be Ahead, but Many Early Efforts Left Behind
Authors: Phil Gunby
Journal: JAMA (1995)

EXCITING predictions are being made about the future of interactive video communication in medicine and other fields. But what about the meantime? Various broadcast approaches of the recent past have met varying degrees of success. At the end of December, for example, American Medical Television (AMT) ceased regular telecasting after 6 years. Four months earlier—in August 1994— Christopher Whittle's interactive Medical News (television) Network was canceled. Almost exactly a year before that, in August 1993, the Lifetime Medical Television network ceased operation. And in December 1989, the Physicians' Radio Network (which broadcast on frequency modulation sideband to special radio receivers provided to physicians in each area) went off the air. <h3>Now What?</h3> For the moment, says Larry E. Joyce, president of publishing and multimedia development for the American Medical Association (AMA), the association is focusing on developing more continuing medical education programs on CD-ROM (compact disc, read-only memory), developing an
Pictures, propositions, and primitives in the head
Authors: Anjan Chatterjee
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2002)

Data from neuropsychology do not support the idea that the primary visual cortex necessarily displays internal visual images. However, the choice of formats used in human cognition is not restricted to depictive or descriptive representations. Nestled between pictures and propositions, primitive spatial schemas with simple analog features extracted from pictorial scenes may play a subtle but wide role in cognition.
Pustular eruption after drug exposure: is it pustular psoriasis or a pustular drug eruption?
Authors: J.M. SPENCER, D.N. SILVERS, M.E. GROSSMAN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1994)

Generalized pustular eruptions with fever present a diagnostic challenge. A history of preceding drug exposure, and rapid disappearance of the eruption after the drug is stopped, suggest a drug-induced aetiology rather than pustular psoriasis. We describe and evaluate the clinical and histological features of four patients who developed a generalized pustular eruption following drug administration. The history of preceding drug exposure and the presence of a variable number of eosinophils in the inflammatory infiltrate in the lesions of these cases suggested that the generalized pustular eruptions were drug-induced.
Investigative Techniques in Dermatology
Authors: Larry E. Millikan
Journal: JAMA (1980)

The title and format of this book suggest a limited audience. This could not be further from the truth. <i>Investigative Techniques in Dermatology</i>is an excellent resource for many. From it, the dermatology resident can gain rapid comprehension of current research techniques and the practicing dermatologist better understanding of techniques developed since his training. The latter will find very useful chapters on the detection of immune complexes, investigation of photodermatoses, evaluation of complement components, and the use of scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The generalist will find Calnan's review of patch test techniques to be one of the best available in the present literature. A particular value of this book is the emphasis on indications and precautions in various investigative techniques, including common pitfalls. Even the nondermatologist could learn from the many chapters on research "at the cutting edge" of scientific investigation. The best example of this is Mackie's chapter
Derivation of Tumor-specific Cytolytic T-Cell Clones from Two Lung Cancer Patients with Long Survival
Authors: PATRICK WEYNANTS, JOËLLE THONNARD, MARIE MARCHAND, MONIQUE DELOS, THIERRY BOON, PIERRE G. COULIE
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1999)

We derived lung carcinoma cell lines from tumor material resected from a patient with small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) and from a patient with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The patient with NSCLC was vaccinated with irradiated autologous tumor cells. The two patients enjoyed an exceptionally favorable clinical evolution and are currently without signs of cancer 10 and 8 yr after their diagnoses, respectively. Autologous mixed lymphocyte-tumor cell cultures (MLTC) were produced with blood lymphocytes stimulated with irradiated autologous tumor cells. The first patient's SCLC cells, which carried a small amount of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I molecules, were incubated with interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) before being used as stimulator cells. A cytolytic T-lymphocyte (CTL) clone was derived that specifically lysed the IFN-gamma-treated SCLC cells but did not lyse untreated tumor cells or autologous lymphoblasts. Clones of autologous tumor-specific CTL, directed against the NSCLC cells of the other patient, were also obtained. These tumor cells carried a higher level of HLA class I molecules and were lysed by the CTL without incubation with IFN-gamma. Altogether, these results indicate that SCLC and NSCLC cancer cells can be recognized by autologous CTL, and might therefore be susceptible to specific immunotherapy.
THE CLINICAL ACTIVITIES OF THE CONNECTICUT SOCIETY FOR MENTAL HYGIENE
Authors: William B. Terhune
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1922)

The Connecticut Mental Hygiene Society combines clinical work with its other activities. Nearly twenty-five hundred patients have been helped by this organization, sixteen hundred of them having been seen during the past two years. The result of this experience shows the great need of mental hygiene organizations in every county, state and community.
Benefits and Adverse Effects of Weight Loss: Observations from the Framingham Study
Authors: Millicent Higgins
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1993)

To identify the benefits and adverse effects of weight loss.Longitudinal, epidemiologic study in a defined population.Men and women (n = 2500) who were between 35 and 54 years old at baseline, followed for 20 years in Framingham, Massachusetts.Height, weight, lipid levels, blood pressure, smoking status, diet, physical activity, prevalent and incident cardiovascular disease, diabetes, other diseases, and mortality rate were assessed.Compared with those whose body mass index (BMI) or weight changed least, men and women who lost weight during a 10-year period were older, heavier, and had higher blood pressures and cholesterol levels initially but had the smallest gains in blood pressure and cholesterol levels. However, rates of cigarette smoking were higher, and rates of smoking cessation were lower. During 20 years of further follow-up, death rates were highest in those whose BMI decreased and in those with the highest BMI at study entry. Relative risks for death from cardiovascular disease, coronary heart disease, and all causes were significantly greater by 33% to 61% in men whose BMI decreased after adjusting for age and risk factors for cardiovascular disease. In women, weight loss and weight gain were associated with higher relative risks for cardiovascular disease and coronary heart disease, but only the 38% increase in total mortality rate among women who lost weight was statistically significant after adjusting for age.Weight loss was associated with improvements in blood pressure and cholesterol levels but also with continued cigarette smoking, prevalent and incident cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, other diseases, and higher death rates. Leanness and maintenance of stable weight were beneficial to risk factors, and to the prevention of morbidity, and death.
One vs Three Years of Adjuvant Imatinib for Operable Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor
Authors: Heikki Joensuu, Mikael Eriksson, Kirsten Sundby Hall, Jörg T. Hartmann, Daniel Pink, Jochen Schütte, Giuliano Ramadori, Peter Hohenberger, Justus Duyster, Salah-Eddin Al-Batran, Marcus Schlemmer, Sebastian Bauer, Eva Wardelmann, Maarit Sarlomo-Rikala, Bengt Nilsson, Harri Sihto, Odd R. Monge, Petri Bono, Raija Kallio, Aki Vehtari, Mika Leinonen, Thor Alvegård, Peter Reichardt
Journal: JAMA (2012)

<h3>Context</h3>Adjuvant imatinib administered for 12 months after surgery has improved recurrence-free survival (RFS) of patients with operable gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) compared with placebo.<h3>Objective</h3>To investigate the role of imatinib administration duration as adjuvant treatment of patients who have a high estimated risk for GIST recurrence after surgery.<h3>Design, Setting, and Patients</h3>Patients with KIT-positive GIST removed at surgery were entered between February 2004 and September 2008 to this randomized, open-label phase 3 study conducted in 24 hospitals in Finland, Germany, Norway, and Sweden. The risk of GIST recurrence was estimated using the modified National Institutes of Health Consensus Criteria.<h3>Intervention</h3>Imatinib, 400 mg per day, orally for either 12 months or 36 months, started within 12 weeks of surgery.<h3>Main Outcome Measures</h3>The primary end point was RFS; the secondary end points included overall survival and treatment safety.<h3>Results</h3>Two hundred patients were allocated to each group. The median follow-up time after randomization was 54 months in December 2010. Diagnosis of GIST was confirmed in 382 of 397 patients (96%) in the intention-to-treat population at a central pathology review. KIT or PDGFRA mutation was detected in 333 of 366 tumors (91%) available for testing. Patients assigned for 36 months of imatinib had longer RFS compared with those assigned for 12 months (hazard ratio [HR], 0.46; 95% CI, 0.32-0.65; P &lt; .001; 5-year RFS, 65.6% vs 47.9%, respectively) and longer overall survival (HR, 0.45; 95% CI, 0.22-0.89; P = .02; 5-year survival, 92.0% vs 81.7%). Imatinib was generally well tolerated, but 12.6% and 25.8% of patients assigned to the 12- and 36-month groups, respectively, discontinued imatinib for a reason other than GIST recurrence.<h3>Conclusion</h3>Compared with 12 months of adjuvant imatinib, 36 months of imatinib improved RFS and overall survival of GIST patients with a high risk of GIST recurrence.<h3>Trial Registration</h3>clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00116935
Increased expression of the interleukin 2 (IL-2) receptor beta chain (p70) on CD56+ natural killer cells after in vivo IL-2 therapy: p70 expression does not alone predict the level of intermediate affinity IL-2 binding.
Authors: S D Voss, R J Robb, G Weil-Hillman, J A Hank, K Sugamura, M Tsudo, P M Sondel
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1990)

The expression of the 70-kD beta subunit of the interleukin 2 receptor (IL-2R) has been examined on peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) obtained from patients receiving systemic infusions of IL-2. Using monoclonal antibodies directed against p70, flow cytometric analyses revealed a greater than threefold increase in expression of the IL-2R beta chain on CD56+ natural killer (NK) cells from post-IL-2 therapy PBL relative to pre-therapy cells. The level of p70 expression on the post-therapy cells was three- to fourfold greater (based on fluorescence intensity) than the level of p70 expression on YT cells, an NK-like cell line that expresses approximately 12,000 intermediate affinity IL-2 binding sites/cell. Despite the high level of p70 expression, in 125I-IL-2 binding assays only 790-1,290 intermediate affinity IL-2 binding sites/cell were detected on post-therapy cells from six patients. These data represent the first report of increased p70 expression after in vivo IL-2 administration and suggest a requirement for at least one additional subunit for the formation of functional intermediate affinity IL-2Rs. Furthermore, the presence on the surface of post-therapy NK cells of excess p70 that does not bind IL-2 with intermediate affinity implies that the formation of intermediate affinity IL-2Rs is not solely determined by the level of p70 expression, and that the response of NK cells to IL-2 might be regulated by altering the expression of p70 or some other IL-2R subunit.
The proximate mechanisms and ultimate functions of smiles
Authors: Marc Mehu, Karim N'Diaye
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2010)

Abstract Niedenthal et al's classification of smiles erroneously conflates psychological mechanisms and adaptive functions. This confusion weakens the rationale behind the types of smiles they chose to individuate, and it obfuscates the distinction between the communicative versus denotative nature of smiles and the role of perceived-gaze direction in emotion recognition.
Biochemical Changes in Liver Associated with Kwashiorkor1
Authors: Helen B. Burch, Guillermo Arroyave, Ruth Schwartz, Ana Maria Padilla, Moisés Béhar, Fernando Viteri, Nevin S. Scrimshaw
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1957)

Kwashiorkor, the most prevalent form of se- vere protein malnutrition, is a serious disease, often fatal to young children and especially common from weaning to five years of age.There are insufficient data concerning the chemical changes which take place during development of the dis- ease, although clinical information is extensive.Present knowledge about various aspects of the disease has been reviewed by Trowell, Davies, and Dean (1), by Brock (2, 3) and more recently by Scrimshaw and co-workers (4).Its biochemical characteristics include low levels of serum pro- tein, amylase, alkaline phosphatase, pseudo-cholin- esterase, cholesterol, riboflavin and vitamin A. Concomitantly the livers are usually found to be high in fat and low in protein.Waterlow (5, 6) did pioneering work on en- zymes in liver biopsy specimens from malnour- ished children and reported that hepatic lactic dehydrogenase and cytochrome oxidase of four children in Gambia remained virtually unchanged after treatment whereas pseudo-cholinesterase was initially low but more than doubled on treat- ment.Later, Waterlow and Patrick (7, 8) stud- ied levels of eight enzymes in liver biopsy samples from a large number of malnourished children in
Abstract 2048: microRNA regulation of tissue factor expression in breast cancer cells
Authors: Xiao-Xi Zhang, Haijun Yu, Jessica R. Lou, Jie Zheng, Narcis-Ioan Popescu, Florea Lupu, Wei-Qun Ding
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Tissue factor is recognized to be an important regulator of tumor angiogenesis and metastasis, independent of its participation in the blood coagulation pathway. The tissue factor gene is highly expressed only in breast carcinoma cells having high invasive potential, but the mechanisms regulating tissue factor gene expression in breast cancer cells remain unclear. This study examined the hypothesis that microRNA regulation of tissue factor expression is responsible for over-expression of the tissue factor gene in invasive breast cancer cells. Tissue factor was highly expressed in the highly invasive MDA-MB-231 line but was barely detectable in the less invasive MCF-7 line, as assayed by RT-PCR and western blot. A reporter gene assay showed that the tissue factor promoter can be activated in extracts prepared from MCF-7 cells. Forced expression of tissue factor cDNA was achieved in MCF-7 cells, implying that that tissue factor expression is regulated by the 3′-UTR of its transcript. Bioinformatics analysis suggested that microRNA species such as miR-19 (miR-19a and 19b) and miR-106b interact with the 3’-UTR of the tissue factor transcript and may regulate tissue factor protein translation and/or mRNA degradation. microRNA array confirmed that miR-19b is highly expressed in MCF-7 cells, as compared to MDA-MB-231 cells. A reporter gene assay using a TF-3′-UTR-luciferase construct indicated that the tissue factor 3′-UTR negatively regulates tissue factor expression, an effect that was completely reversed by deletion of the miR-19 binding site in the reporter construct. Application of an antisense microRNA for miR-19 enhanced tissue factor expression in MCF-7 cells. This study demonstrates that tissue factor expression in breast cancer cells is regulated by miR-19. The expression pattern of miR-19 in breast cancer tissues and its role in mediating angiogenesis and metastasis merit future investigation. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2048.
Reproductive Health Indicators and Outcomes Among Refugee and Internally Displaced Persons in Postemergency Phase Camps
Authors: Michelle Hynes
Journal: JAMA (2002)

ContextDespite increasing awareness of the importance of reproductive health programs and services for refugee and internally displaced populations, there is a paucity of basic epidemiological data on reproductive health outcomes.ObjectivesTo collect data on reproductive health outcomes among refugees and internally displaced persons in postemergency phase camps and compare these outcomes with those of host country and country-of-origin populations. To determine programmatic factors that may affect reproductive health outcomes.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsRetrospective study of data collected from August 1998 through March 2000 of 688 766 persons living in 52 postemergency phase camps in 7 countries. Reproductive health outcomes of refugee and internally displaced populations were compared with available data of reference populations within their respective host country and country of origin.Main Outcome MeasuresCrude birth rate (CBR), neonatal mortality rate (NNMR), maternal mortality ratio (MMR), percentage of newborns with low birth weight (LBW), and incidence of complications of unsafe or spontaneous abortions.ResultsSix of 11 groups had lower CBRs than their country of origin and 5 of 9 groups had lower CBRs than their host country. Four of 5 had lower NNMRs than their country of origin and 6 of 9 had lower NNMRs than the host country. Four of 6 had lower MMRs than their country of origin, and 5 of 6 had lower MMRs than their host country. Seven of 9 had lower percentages of LBWs than in the country of origin and 5 of 9 had lower percentages of LBWs than the host country. Higher CBRs were associated with more recently established camps and higher numbers of local health staff per 1000 persons; and higher percentages of LBW newborns were associated with rainy season, more recently established camps, lower numbers of community health workers per 1000 persons, and camps without supplementary feeding programs.ConclusionsRefugees and internally displaced persons in most postemergency phase camps had better reproductive health outcomes than their respective host country and country-of-origin populations.