tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 19658: Descending Aortic Reverse Flow is Independently Associated with Left Ventricular Hypertrophy and Diffuse Fibrosis
Authors: Julio A Chirinos, Shivapriya Peddireddy, Payman Zamani, Neetha Vadde, Anjaneyulu Dunde, Sanjal Desai, Priyanka Bhattacharya, Victor Ferrari, Patrick Segers, Scott Akers
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Background:  Disturbed aortic flow, present as flow reversal in a given aortic cross section, is, a.o.., dependent on LV function and aortic anatomy, which in turns impacts ventricular-arterial interactions. Flow reversal from disturbed flow in the descending aorta can be interrogated using phase-contrast MRI. The relationship between aortic flow abnormalities and LV remodeling has not been previously assessed.   Methods:  We prospectively studied 205 subjects without significant aortic regurgitation. Descending thoracic aortic forward (Qf, caudal) and backward (Qb, cranial) flow was quantified with through-plane phase-contrast MRI. A dimensionless index of flow reversal was computed as Qb/Qf. We assessed the relationship between Qb/Qf and: (1) LV hypertrophy; (2) In a subsample (n=49), myocardial fibrosis, quantified as the extracellular volume fraction (ECV) from pre- and post-gadolinium myocardial T1 measurements (Look-Locker sequences): ECV= λ * (1-hematocrit). Lambda (λ), the Gd partition coefficient, was computed as the slope of the linear relationship between myocardial R1 versus blood R1 before and several time points after the administration of Gd.   Results:  In a multivariate model adjusting for multiple risk factors, descending aortic Qb/Qf increased with age (β=0.20; P=0.012), heart rate (β=0.21; P=0.006) and carotid augmentation index, marker of wave reflections (β=0.18;P=0.025). After adjustment for age, body size, mean arterial pressure, pulse pressure, diabetes mellitus, history of hypertension, number of antihypertensive drugs, LDL and HDL cholesterol, Qb/Qf was the strongest independent predictor of LV mass (β=0.29;  P  P =0.004), even after adjustment for all other predictors of ECV (adjusted β=0.35;  P =0.01).   Conclusions:  Descending aortic flow reversal is independently associated with left ventricular hypertrophy and diffuse fibrosis. Our findings support the role of aortic hemodynamics in the pathogenesis of LV hypertrophy and fibrosis.
Abstract 20538: Nrf2 Signaling Ameliorates Ventilator-Induced Lung Inflammation
Authors: Ting Wang, Tao Jiang, Hector Quijada, Joseph B Mascarenhas, Venkateswaran Ramamoorthi Elangovan, Louise Hecker, Yves A Lussier, Jason X Yuan, Donna D Zhang, Joe G Garcia
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI) is an acute lung injury that develops during mechanical ventilation with high tidal volume in patients in the intensive care unit (ICU). VILI is a common entity with an unacceptable mortality rate (~20%). As no current therapies exist for VILI, novel therapeutic targets for VILI and mechanical stress-induced tissue injury are needed. In this study, we defined Nrf2 signaling in VILI and mechanical stress-induced endothelial cell pathobiology. Nrf2 is a transcription factor that alters ROS balance and is a novel therapeutic target for VILI. First, we defined Nrf2 as a sensory marker for mechanical stress-induced endothelial cell injury. Antioxidant response element (ARE) luciferase plasmids were transfected to both endothelial cells and murine lung tissues. EC exposed to 18% cyclic stretch (18% CS) or mice exposed to excessive tidal volume ventilation (40 ml/kg) resulted in ARE activation, site of Nrf2 binding. We next confirmed Nrf2 signaling is essential for gene expression dysregulation by 18% CS via Nrf2 knockdown that significantly ameliorates 18% CS-induced gene expression pattern, including signaling pathways regulating endothelial barrier function including MYLK. Finally, we validated that Nrf2 is a novel and effective therapeutic target for VILI in pre-clinical models of VILI. Nrf2 activator sulforaphane (SF, 11.5 mg/kg) significantly attenuated VILI (40 ml/kg, 4 hrs)-induced lung inflammation, including BAL protein leakage and white blood cell infiltration. These novel findings characterized Nrf2 as a sensor for mechanical stress, a central mediator of mechanical stress induced gene expression dysregulation, and a novel therapeutic target for VILI.
Interleukin‐23 Mediates the Intestinal Response to Microbial β‐1,3‐Glucan and the Development of Spondyloarthritis Pathology in SKG Mice
Authors: Helen Benham, Linda M. Rehaume, Sumaira Z. Hasnain, Jared Velasco, Athan C. Baillet, Merja Ruutu, Kristine Kikly, Ran Wang, Hsu‐Wen Tseng, Gethin P. Thomas, Matthew A. Brown, Geoffrey Strutton, Michael A. McGuckin, Ranjeny Thomas
Journal: Arthritis & Rheumatology (2014)

Objective Spondyloarthritides (SpA) occur in 1% of the population and include ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and arthropathy of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), with characteristic spondylitis, arthritis, enthesitis, and IBD. Genetic studies implicate interleukin‐23 (IL‐23) receptor signaling in the development of SpA and IBD, and IL‐23 overexpression in mice is sufficient for enthesitis, driven by entheseal‐resident T cells. However, in genetically prone individuals, it is not clear where IL‐23 is produced and how it drives the SpA syndrome, including IBD or subclinical gut inflammation of AS. Moreover, it is unclear why specific tissue involvement varies between patients with SpA. We undertook this study to determine the location of IL‐23 production and its role in SpA pathogenesis in BALB/c ZAP‐70 W163C –mutant (SKG) mice injected intraperitoneally with β‐1,3‐glucan (curdlan). Methods Eight weeks after curdlan injection in wild‐type or IL‐17A −/− SKG or BALB/c mice, pathology was scored in tissue sections. Mice were treated with anti–IL‐23 or anti–IL‐22. Cytokine production and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress were determined in affected organs. Results In curdlan‐treated SKG mice, arthritis, enthesitis, and ileitis were IL‐23 dependent. Enthesitis was specifically dependent on IL‐17A and IL‐22. IL‐23 was induced in the ileum, where it amplified ER stress, goblet cell dysfunction, and proinflammatory cytokine production. IL‐17A was pathogenic, while IL‐22 was protective against ileitis. IL‐22+CD3− innate‐like cells were increased in lamina propria mononuclear cells of ileitis‐resistant BALB/c mice, which developed ileitis after curdlan injection and anti–IL‐22. Conclusion In response to systemic β‐1,3‐glucan, intestinal IL‐23 provokes local mucosal dysregulation and cytokines driving the SpA syndrome, including IL‐17/IL‐22–dependent enthesitis. Innate IL‐22 production promotes ileal tolerance.
Topical melatonin in combination with vitamins E and C protects skin from ultraviolet-induced erythema: a human study<i>in vivo</i>
Authors: None Dreher, None Gabard, None Schwindt, None Maibach
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1998)

In this randomized, double-blind human study, the short-term photoprotective effects of different antioxidants and their combinations were evaluated in vivo. Vitamin C (ascorbic acid), vitamin E (α-tocopherol) and melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) were topically applied, alone or in combination, 30 min before ultraviolet-irradiation of the skin. The erythemal reaction was evaluated visually and non-invasively using different bioengineering methods (skin colour and skin blood flow). The results showed a modest protective effect of the vitamins when applied alone and a dose-dependent photoprotective effect of melatonin. Topical application of combinations of both vitamins, or of melatonin with vitamins, enhanced the photoprotective response. Better protection was obtained by using the combination of melatonin with both vitamins. The role of reactive oxygen species and oxygen-derived free radicals, as well as potential sunscreening properties of the employed antioxidants, are discussed in view of possible mechanisms to explain this elevated photoprotective effect.
Abstract P264: Young Adults, Technology, and Weight Loss: A Focus Group Study
Authors: Janna Stephens, Jerilyn Allen
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Overweight and obesity are major health concerns in young adults. Technology has been integrated into weight loss interventions, however little is known about the effective use of this technology in young adults. The purpose of this study was to explore through focus groups the opinions of young adults on the use of technology and text messaging for weight loss as well knowledge and attitudes towards healthy eating and physical activity. Three focus group sessions were conducted with 17 young adults who wanted to lose weight or maintain weight. One moderator used a single discussion guide with questions to address the topics. Sessions were taped and the discussion was transcribed Two investigators conducted a qualitative analysis using a process of thematic analysis. Categories from each topic were combined to form themes, which provided a comprehensive view of the data. Ages of participants ranged from 18-25 years (mean=21 years). Across all focus groups 59% were female, and 76% were minorities. Five themes evolved from the discussions 1) Freedom to choose often equals overweight and obesity, 2) Priorities are key, 3) Squash the rumors and talk with an expert, 4) Give me an app that does it all, and 5) Personalize messages or risk being ignored. Participants had little knowledge but great interest in the use of Smartphone technology for weight loss. Results also indicated that young adults struggle to make healthy food choices, have priorities that outweigh regular exercise, and need support and guidance to make better decisions to facilitate weight management. Future research should focus on testing the effectiveness of interventions that empower overweight and obese young adults through personalized technology along with expert coaching.
In multiple myeloma, clonotypic B lymphocytes are detectable among CD19+ peripheral blood cells expressing CD38, CD56, and monotypic Ig light chain [published erratum appears in Blood 1995 Jun 1;85(11):3365]
Authors: PL Bergsagel, AM Smith, A Szczepek, MJ Mant, AR Belch, LM Pilarski
Journal: Blood (1995)
Potential use of procalcitonin as a diagnostic criterion in febrile neutropenia: experience from a multicentre study
Authors: H. Giamarellou, E.J. Giamarellos-Bourboulis, P. Repoussis, L. Galani, N. Anagnostopoulos, P. Grecka, D. Lubos, M. Aoun, K. Athanassiou, E. Bouza, E. Devigili, V. Krçmery, F. Menichetti, E. Panaretou, E. Papageorgiou, D. Plachouras
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2004)
Hospice ethos is the heart of caring for dying people in the community
Authors: D. Jolley, M. Tapley
Journal: BMJ (2013)

The articles by Collis and Al-Qurainy1 and Sleeman and Collis2 stand well alongside the recent review of the Liverpool care pathway.3 The key directive from this review is that: “Use of the Liverpool care pathway should be replaced over the next six …
The Construction and Government of Lunatic Asylums and Hospitals for the Insane
Authors: John Conolly
Journal: BMJ (1847)

a prospect,' or to surround their houses with shrubs and flowers.Even in the populous city, the pent-up artisan has a bird, to sing to him whilst he works, and a few flowers, which he cultivates with care.We must not neglect such instincts and capacities if we profess to cure diseased minds.Our practice can only securely rest on the consideration of every- thing, great or little, capable of affecting the mind beneficially or hurtfully."(pp.9-10.)
The use of the regulatory sequences of H19 and IGF2 genes in DNA based therapy of colorectal rat liver metastases
Authors: Patricia Ohana, Pinhas Schacter, Basem Ayesh, Aya Mizrahi, Suhail Ayesh, Tatiana Birman, Tamar Schneider, Imad Maatouk, Peter J. K. Kuppen, Nathan de Groot, Abraham Czerniak, Abraham Hochberg
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2004)

Malignant tumors of the liver are among the most common causes of cancer-related death throughout the world. Current therapeutic approaches fail to control the disease in most cases. This study seeks to explore the therapeutic potential of transcriptional regulatory sequences of the imprinted genes H19 and Insulin growth factor 2 (IGF-2) by directing tumor-selective expression of a toxin gene (A fragment of diphtheria toxin), delivered by non-viral vectors.
Will Focus on Terrorism Overshadow the Fight Against AIDS?
Authors: R Voelker
Journal: JAMA (2001)

PHILADELPHIA—In the coming weeks and months, as the United States and the rest of the world come to grips with heightened terrorist threats, public health and human rights advocates are worried about keeping their work on the front burner of public and political attention. Such strategic issues as HIV/AIDS, women’s rights, and the welfare of immigrants and refugees could easily be overlooked as world leaders turn their attention to military strikes and covert intelligence. “The events of recent days are going to make more difficult the struggle for human rights, human dignity, and the human right to health,” said noted human rights advocate Michael Kirby. He spoke during a conference of public health and human rights supporters held two weeks after terrorist hijackers killed more than 5000 people in devastating attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon. “Enormous amounts of capital will be spent on the armaments of war,” warned Kirby, a justice of the High Court of Australia. Initially scheduled to attend the conference sponsored by the American Society of Law, Medicine, and Ethics and the Temple University Beasley School of Law, Kirby instead sent a videotape of his talk. The terrorist attacks, coupled with an important case on the High Court’s docket, persuaded him to remain in Australia. Yet more than 350 participants from 23 nations arrived here at a time when international travel was difficult at best. In the aftermath of the unprecedented attacks on the United States, human rights and public health experts said they fear that responses to the attacks will endanger civilians in Afghanistan and fuel vicious cycles of discrimination and stigma that will further endanger the health of refugees, immigrants, and populations of poor nations already at high risk of disease.
Second primary melanomas on treatment with vemurafenib
Authors: S. Dalle, N. Poulalhon, S. Debarbieux, L. Thomas
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2012)

Funding sources: none. Conflicts of interest: none declared. Madam, We read with great interest the article published by Sinha et al.1 regarding the cutaneous adverse events observed on treatment with vemurafenib. Surprisingly, a major cutaneous side‐effect that is currently a priority with the dermatological community was not mentioned in this paper. Actually, many changes including regression, second primary melanomas and atypical melanocytic proliferations occur on pigmented lesions under treatment with vemurafenib. This is in keeping with preclinical studies suggesting a paradoxical activation of BRAF wild‐type lesions when using BRAF inhibitors to treat BRAF‐mutated melanomas.2 These changes develop quickly after BRAF‐blocker initiation. We reported3 what has been subsequently confirmed by a collaborative international group.4 This is obviously not a trivial concern for dermatologists and dermatopathologists as the activated naevus and melanoma occurring under vemurafenib treatment are potentially life‐threatening and need our expertise to diagnose early. To this end, while these inhibitors are now being entered into large‐scale trials in the adjuvant setting for patients with melanoma, we think that a careful dermoscopic follow‐up of such patients should be included in the recommendations.5 We would be glad to read the authors' comments and recommendations facing this major issue.
Physical Activity and Public Health in Older Adults
Authors: Miriam E Nelson, W Jack Rejeski, Steven N Blair, Pamela W Duncan, James O Judge, Abby C King, Carol A Macera, Carmen Castaneda-Sceppa
Journal: Circulation (2007)

To issue a recommendation on the types and amounts of physical activity needed to improve and maintain health in older adults.A panel of scientists with expertise in public health, behavioral science, epidemiology, exercise science, medicine, and gerontology.The expert panel reviewed existing consensus statements and relevant evidence from primary research articles and reviews of the literature.After drafting a recommendation for the older adult population and reviewing drafts of the Updated Recommendation from the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) and the American Heart Association (AHA) for Adults, the panel issued a final recommendation on physical activity for older adults.The recommendation for older adults is similar to the updated ACSM/AHA recommendation for adults, but has several important differences including: the recommended intensity of aerobic activity takes into account the older adult's aerobic fitness; activities that maintain or increase flexibility are recommended; and balance exercises are recommended for older adults at risk of falls. In addition, older adults should have an activity plan for achieving recommended physical activity that integrates preventive and therapeutic recommendations. The promotion of physical activity in older adults should emphasize moderate-intensity aerobic activity, muscle-strengthening activity, reducing sedentary behavior, and risk management.
Abstract P384: Disparities in Activity Limitations among Adults with Coronary Heart Disease and Stroke
Authors: Jing Fang, Carma Ayala, Guijing Wang, Fleetwood Loustalot
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Background: Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of mortality and a major cause of disability among US adults. Activity limitations are one aspect of disability and are likely to vary among those with- and without cardiovascular disease, as well as by sociodemographic characteristics. The objective of this report is to use the most recent national surveillance data to assess disparities of self-reported activity limitations among those with coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke. Methods: Using 2012 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System data, an annual, state-based telephone survey of adults collecting health behavior and risk factors information, we identified those with self-reported CHD and stroke. Self-reported activity limitations were assessed using the question, “Are you limited in any way in any activities because of physical, mental, or emotional problems?” Age-standardized prevalence of activity limitations was measured among those with CHD and stroke, respectively. Selected demographic and descriptive characteristics included age, sex, race/ethnicity, education, income, health insurance, arthritis and diabetes. Results: Among 471,812 eligible participants, 6.8% and 2.9% reported CHD and stroke, respectively. Self-reported prevalence of activity limitations was significantly higher among those with CHD (50.2% vs 18.1%, p&lt;0.001) and stroke (55.4% vs 19.3%, p&lt;0.001) than those without the conditions, respectively. Among those with CHD, significant higher activity limitations existed among middle aged population (57.0%, 95% confidence interval 55.3-58.7) for 45-64 years compared to 43.7% (39.6-47.8) for 18-44 years; American Indian/Alaska natives (67.5% (57.9-75.9)) compared to Asia-Pacific Islanders (31.8% (19.5-47.2)), non-Hispanic whites (48.2% (45.5-51.0)), non-Hispanic blacks (48.9% (42.7-55.0)) and Hispanics (38.9% (33.2-44.8)); those with less than high school education (54.5% (48.2-60.6)) compared to those with college or higher education (32.6% (29.4-35.9)); as well as those with household income &lt;$25,000 (55.1% (52.1-58.0) compared to those ≥$50,000 (28.6% (24.7-32.7)). Similar patterns were noted among those with stroke. By state, age-standardized prevalence of activity limitation among those with CHD ranged from 30.3% (24.4-36.9) (Maryland) to 62.9% (53.8-71.3) (Tennessee). Among those with stroke, the prevalence of reported activity limitation ranged from 31.1% (20.3-44.4) (Delaware) to 74.6% (66.3-81.4) (Tennessee). Conclusion: Among those who report a history of CHD or stroke, more than half reported activity limitations. Significant disparities were noted among subgroups by sociodemographic characteristics and state.
Serotype, biotype and genomic DNA XbaI restriction fragment analysis of Yersinia enterocolitica, isolated from infected beta-thalassemic and nonthalassemic children in Greece
Authors: Z. Kyriazi, S. Chatzipanagiotou, E. Trikka-Graphakos, N. J. Legakis, P. T. Tassios
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2000)
Transplantability of L1210 Cell in BALB/c × DBA/2F1 Mice Associated with Cell Agglutinability by Concanavalin A
Authors: Tateshi Kataoka, Shigeru Tsukagoshi, Yoshio Sakurai
Journal: Cancer Research (1975)

Summary  L1210 cells treated with different concentrations of glutaraldehyde at ice-cold temperature were characterized from various aspects. With 0.013% glutaraldehyde, the cells lost transplantability in BALB/c × DBA/2F 1  mice, and, concomitantly, lost cell agglutinability as measured by concanavalin A. They were, however, able to exclude trypan blue, and their cell surfaces were similar to those of the intact cells in susceptibility to mechanical disruption and in absorption of cytotoxic activity of rabbit anti-L1210 cell serum. Precise analysis indicated that transplantability was closely associated with cell agglutinability but not with excludability of trypan blue. On the basis of these results, the experimental condition was suggested in which immunization could be done safely to induce resistance against L1210 leukemia.
CXCL12-Producing Vascular Endothelial Niches Control Acute T Cell Leukemia Maintenance
Authors: Lauren A. Pitt, Anastasia N. Tikhonova, Hai Hu, Thomas Trimarchi, Bryan King, Yixiao Gong, Marta Sanchez-Martin, Aris Tsirigos, Dan R. Littman, Adolfo A. Ferrando, Sean J. Morrison, David R. Fooksman, Iannis Aifantis, Susan R. Schwab
Journal: Cancer Cell (2015)
EPIDEMIOLOGY
Authors: A. P.-Y. Liu, M. M.-K. Shing, H.-L. Yuen, C.-H. Li, S.-C. Ling, C.-W. Luk, S.-Y. Ha, C.-K. Li, G. C.-F. Chan, K. Tsui, A. Gajjar, C. Li, D. Srivastava, A. Broniscer, C. Wetmore, L. E. Kun, T. E. Merchant, D. W. Ellison, B. Orr, F. A. Boop, J. Paul Klimo, J. D. Ross, L. L. Robison, G. T. Armstrong, D. Walker, T. Chu, A. Shah, S. Wilne, M. Coleman, F. A. M. Jaque, M. Muthappan, A. J. J. Law, M. M. K. Shing, G. C. F. Chan, H. L. Yuen, R. C. H. Lee, S. C. Ling, C. W. Luk, S. Y. Ha, C. K. Li, O. W. S. Mang, R. K. C. Ngan, R. Alston, E. Estlin, M. McCabe, J. Birch, R. Gattamaneni, I. Kamaly-Asl, E. Estlin, I. Kamaly-Asl, M. McCabe, J. Birch, R. Gattamaneni, R. Alston, R. Alston, E. Estlin, M. McCabe, R. Gattamaneni, J. Birch, I. Kamaly-Asl, A. Bendel, D. Pond, A. Woehrer, A. A. Azizi, R. Heumesser, M. Hackl, J. A. Hainfellner, C. Dorfer, T. Czech, M. Chocholous, I. Slavc, C. Haberler, H. Hami, A. Ayoujil, F. Habib, A. Soulaymani, A. Mokhtari, A. Quyou, A. H. J. Lim, M. Y. Chan, A. M. Tan, S. Y. Soh, S. M. Garba, H. Hami, H. M. Zaki, A. Soulaymani, H. Nouhou, A. Quyou, E. Owens-Pickle, A. Smith, A. L. Green, M. Schoettler, P. Bandopadhayay, N. Sauer, P. E. Manley, S. N. Chi, C. Rodriguez-Galindo, M. W. Kieran, K. Ribeiro
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

EP-001. CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM TUMORS IN CHINESE CHILDREN UNDER THE AGE OF THREE: A POPULATION STUDY BY THE HONG KONG PAEDIATRIC HAEMATOLOGY/ ONCOLOGY STUDY GROUP Anthony Pak-Yin Liu1, Matthew Ming-Kong Shing2, Hui-Leung Yuen3, Chak-Ho Li4, Siu-Cheung Ling5, Chung-Wing Luk3, Shau-Yin Ha1, Chi-Kong Li2, and Godfrey Chi-Fung Chan1; Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Department of Paediatrics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Department of Paediatrics, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Department of Paediatics and Adolescent Medicine, Tuen Mun Hospital, Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Princess Margaret Hospital, Hong Kong, Hong Kong