tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effects of endothelial cell growth factor on bone remodelling in vitro.
Authors: E Canalis, J Lorenzo, W H Burgess, T Maciag
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1987)

Endothelial cell growth factor (ECGF) alpha was studied for its effects on bone formation in cultured fetal rat calvariae and on bone resorption in cultured fetal rat long bones. ECGF at 0.1-100 ng/ml stimulated [3H]thymidine incorporation into DNA, an effect enhanced by heparin. Treatment with ECGF for 24 h decreased the incorporation of [3H]proline into collagen but treatment for 48-96 h increased collagen and noncollagen protein synthesis, an effect that was concomitant with an increase in DNA content. ECGF did not alter collagen degradation in calvariae or 45Ca release from long bones, which indicated it had no effect on bone resorption. Although ECGF increased prostaglandin E2 concentrations, its effect on DNA synthesis was not prostaglandin-mediated. In conclusion, ECGF stimulates calvarial DNA synthesis, which is an effect that results in a generalized increase in protein synthesis, but ECGF has no effect on matrix degradation or bone resorption.
ENDOCRINE FUNCTION OF THE SURGICALLY REDUCED PANCREAS
Authors: B. A. Houssay, V. G. Foglia, F. S. Smyth
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1941)

The pancreas reduced to 4 or 10 gm. weeks or months previously by partial resection, is able to maintain a normal glycemic level in dogs of about 10 kilos in good condition. When the pancreas is reduced to 4 gm. the capacity for secreting insulin under certain conditions of strain is diminished whereas a pancreas reduced to 10 gm. may have a normal or decreased capacity. This decreased functional capacity is shown: (1) by a longer hyperglycemic curve after the intravenous injection of 1 gm. of glucose per kilo; (2) by the requirement of smaller doses of extract of anterior hypophysis to produce diabetes; and (3) by the longer time required to correct the diabetic hyperglycemia if reduced pancreas is grafted in the neck of pancreatectomized animals. The time to recover is in inverse ratio to the weight of the transplanted pancreatic tissue.
Psoriatic arthritis assessment tools in clinical trials
Authors: P J Mease, C E Antoni, D D Gladman, W J Taylor
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2005)

In order to measure disease activity, progression, and change with therapy in psoriatic arthritis (PsA), it is important to use accurate, reliable, and feasible outcome measures that can ideally be employed in longitudinal cohorts, clinical trials, and clinical practice. Until recently, there has been little focus on this methodology in PsA. Clinical trials and long term clinical registries have used disparate outcome measures. With emerging therapies, the focus on the methodology of outcome assessment has increased to ensure that discriminant and responsive instruments are used. The Group for Research and Assessment of Psoriasis and Psoriatic Arthritis (GRAPPA), in conjunction with the society, Outcome Measures in Rheumatology (OMERACT), is focused on refining and developing outcome measures for a variety of disease domains reviewed in this report. Key domains to assess include joints, skin, enthesitis, dactylitis, spine, joint damage as assessed radiologically, quality of life, and function. These domains can be assessed by individual and composite measures. A number of measures have been "borrowed" from the fields of rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, and psoriasis and adapted to PsA. Others are being developed specifically for PsA. Few are validated but most have been shown to perform well in distinguishing placebo from treatment response. This report reviews the current state of the art of assessment in PsA and points toward future directions of development of this field.
Long‐term cytogenetic studies in acute leukemia of children; The nature of relapse
Authors: W. W. Zuelzer, Susumu Inoue, Ruby I. Thompson, Mark J. Ottenbreit
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1976)

Sequential long-term cytogenetic studies in 71 children with acute leukemia were designed to investigate the nature of relapse after prolonged remission. In the overwhelming majority of the cases the findings suggested clonal identity of the leukemic cell population in relapse with that studied at the onset of the disease, notwithstanding considerable karyotypic instability in almost half of the patients. In a small minority an independent origin of the relapse clone could not be excluded on cytogenetic grounds but was considered unlikely, since mechanisms capable of accounting for the changes observed in these patients could be demonstrated in other cases. The persistence of diploid leukemic cells in the presence of an aneuploid subclone was demonstrated in the relapse bone marrow and/or spinal fluid in all active phases of the disease. On this basis the conversion from an aneuploid to a predominantly or exclusively diploid karyotype could be visualized, and a new model of clonal evolution, involving repetitive formation of abnormal karyotypes from a surviving diploid clone could be suggested.
Hemochromatosis: An endocrine liver disease
Authors: Antonello Pietrangelo
Journal: Hepatology (2007)

Abstract This review acknowledges the recent and dramatic advancement in the field of hemochromatosis and highlights the surprising analogies with a prototypic endocrine disease, diabetes. The term hemochromatosis should refer to a unique clinicopathologic subset of iron-overload syndromes that currently includes the disorder related to the C282Y homozygote mutation of the hemochromatosis protein HFE (by far the most common form of hemochromatosis) and the rare disorders more recently attributed to the loss of transferrin receptor 2, HAMP (hepcidin antimicrobial peptide), or hemojuvelin or to certain ferroportin mutations. The defining characteristic of this subset is failure to prevent unneeded iron from entering the circulatory pool as a result of genetic changes compromising the synthesis or activity of hepcidin, the iron hormone. Like diabetes, hemochromatosis results from the complex, nonlinear interaction between genetic and acquired factors. Depending on the underlying mutation, the coinheritance of modifier genes, the presence of nongenetic hepcidin inhibitors, and other host-related factors, the clinical manifestation may vary from simple biochemical abnormalities to severe multiorgan disease. The recognition of the endocrine nature of hemochromatosis suggests intriguing possibilities for new and more effective approaches to diagnosis and treatment. (HEPATOLOGY 2007.)
Systemic necrotizing vasculitis in sickle cell disease
Authors: Elizabeth A. Manci, Deborah A. Maisel, Marcel E. Conrad
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1987)

Abstract A patient with sickle cell disease and systemic necrotizing vasculitis is reported. Although there are a number of immune defects in patients with sickle cell disorders, this association has not been previously reported. We suspect that immunologic disorders frequently are unrecognized in these patients because the symptoms are attributed to complications of sickle cell disease.
Utility of the Prostate-specific Antigen Test
Authors: Arthur P. Wolinsky
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1994)

Letters15 June 1994Utility of the Prostate-specific Antigen TestArthur P. Wolinsky, MDArthur P. Wolinsky, MDPittsburgh, PA 15212Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-120-12-199406150-00031 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Walsh [1] describes two populations in which the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test is used: an asymptomatic group, in which use of the test constitutes screening, and a symptomatic group, in which use of the test constitutes diagnosis. He appropriately points out that the PSA test is likely to have a different yield in patients with complaints due to prostatic enlargement than in asymptomatic persons. Patients with symptoms, however, can present in one of two ways and, by so doing, place themselves into one of two groups: a case-finding group or a diagnosis group. Case finding [2] describes ...References1. Walsh PC. Using prostate-specific antigen to diagnose prostate cancer: sailing in uncharted waters (Editorial). Ann Intern Med. 1993; 119:948-9. Google Scholar2. Sackett DL, Haynes RB, Guyatt GH, Tugwell P. Clinical Epidemiology: A Basic Science for Clinical Medicine. 2nd ed. Boston: Little, Brown; 1991. Google Scholar3. Lachs MS, Nachamkin I, Edelstein PH, Goldman J, Feinstein AR, Schwartz JS. Spectrum bias in the evaluation of diagnostic tests: lessons from the rapid dipstick test for urinary tract infection. Ann Intern Med. 1992; 117:135-40. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Arthur P. Wolinsky, MDAffiliations: Pittsburgh, PA 15212 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 June 1994Volume 120, Issue 12Page: 1053-1054KeywordsAntigensPopulation statisticsPositive predictive valueProstate cancerSpecificitySystematic reviewsUrination ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 15 June 1994 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1994 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Method for Evaluating Function of the Neurogenic Bladder
Authors: Arthur S. Abramson
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Normal voiding is associated with a complex of reflex physiological events involving the somatic and autonomic nervous systems. Thus, detrusor contraction is accompanied by relaxation of the external urinary and rectal sphincters which ordinarily are in a state of tonic contraction. It is also accompanied by a slight rise in blood pressure and pulse rate. Neurogenic disorders, such as those produced by transverse myelopathy, result in changes in timing and intensity of these events. Single methods of examination or testing such as cystoscopy, cystometry, sphincterometry, urethrography, electromyography of the bladder wall, electromyography of striate-muscle sphincters, flowmetry, and cineradiography, when used alone, are not adequate to demonstrate the physiological or pathophysiological events in an integrated and dynamic fashion. A method, adaptable to clinical use, of simultaneous recording of intracystic pressure, indirect monitoring of the activity of the external urinary sphincter from the rectal sphincter, pulse rate, and blood pressure throughout bladder
Case of Idiopathic Porphyria
Authors: R. Hili
Journal: BMJ (1952)

OESOPHAGUS-Amyl nitrite did not reduce the fre- quency of the contractions, and did not relieve the symptoms.He was given 0.75 g. of pentamethonium bromide ("lytensium" .syrup)by mouth.Within fiveminutes relief from his symptomsoccurred which lasted for 30 minutes and was more complete than with atropine.Un- fortunately, he refused to have further radiographic examinations, and so it was not possible to note " s ss the effect of pentamethonium bro- mide on the oesophageal contractio.s.He also refused to have an oeso- phagoscopy carried out and he left hospital.Further treatment with
Dietary Sodium and Blood Pressure
Authors: Jeremiah Stamler
Journal: JAMA (1996)

To the Editor.  —According to the Data Synthesis section in the abstract of the meta-analysis by Dr Midgley and colleagues, 1 reduction in sodium (salt) intake produces a significant decrease ( P   The evidence in their specific, limited analyses in this study is qualitatively concordant—not discordant—with many other sets of evidence from every research discipline supporting the judgment that habitual high salt intake is an etiologically significant and important contributor to adverse blood pressure levels present throughout the adult population aged 35 years and older. 2-6 Midgley et al say nothing about this total evidence. Instead they cite, as the basis for their conclusion, their metaanalysis results for a subgroup
A retrospective mortality study among Canadian petroleum marketing and distribution workers.
Authors: A R Schnatter, A M Katz, M J Nicolich, G Thériault
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1993)

We conducted a retrospective mortality study among 6672 petroleum marketing and distribution workers from 226 locations throughout Canada. These employees worked for at least 1 year in the marketing distribution segment from 1964 through 1983 or were annuitants as of 1964. Industrial hygienists assigned hydrocarbon (HC) exposure frequency scores for several jobs, departments, and job functions. We computed standardized mortality ratios for the total cohort, HC exposure frequency groups, and tank truck drivers, and we also used Poisson regression techniques to model mortality for selected causes of death according to HC exposure frequency. Results indicate overall mortality below that of the general Canadian population for all marketing distribution workers [Standardized mortality ratio (SMR) = 0.88]. Mortality from aortic aneurysms was significantly elevated in all marketing/distribution workers (SMR = 1.79) but was due to raised mortality in nonexposed workers (SMR = 2.80). Tank truck drivers showed significantly elevated mortality due to leukemia (SMR = 3.35) based on five deaths. The leukemia findings were not evident in the larger group of marketing distribution workers classified as exposed to hydrocarbons (SMR = 1.01). No other cause of death was elevated in truck drivers. The leukemia findings are suggestive of a possible influence due to exposure to HCs in tank truck drivers, although other explanations cannot be ruled out. Other findings of elevated mortality in the marketing distribution group are generally not statistically significant. These included moderately increased mortality due to multiple myeloma, malignant melanoma, and kidney cancer. Small numbers of observed and expected deaths limit concise interpretations for these diseases.
B Lymphocytes of Xeroderma Pigmentosum or Cockayne Syndrome Patients with Inherited Defects in Nucleotide Excision Repair Are Fully Capable of Somatic Hypermutation of Immunoglobulin Genes
Authors: Nayun Kim, Karen Kage, Fumihiko Matsuda, Marie-Paule Lefranc, Ursula Storb
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1997)

Recent experiments have strongly suggested that the process of somatic mutation is linked to transcription initiation. It was postulated that a mutator factor loads onto the RNA polymerase and, during elongation, causes transcriptional arrest that activates DNA repair, thus occasionally causing errors in the DNA sequence. We report the analysis of the role of one of the known DNA repair systems, nucleotide excision repair (NER), in somatic mutation. Epstein–Barrvirus-transformed B cells from patients with defects in NER (XP-B, XP-D, XP-V, and CS-A) were studied. Their heavy and light chain genes show a high frequency of point mutations in the variable (V), but not in the constant (C) regions. This suggests that these B cells can undergo somatic hypermutation despite significant defects in NER. Thus, it is doubtful that NER is an essential part of the mechanism of somatic hypermutation of Ig genes. As an aside, NER seems also not involved in Ig gene switch recombination.
The tumour necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 1b 676T&gt;G polymorphism in relation to response to infliximab and adalimumab treatment and disease severity in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: E J M Toonen, M J H Coenen, W Kievit, J Fransen, A M Eijsbouts, H Scheffer, T R D J Radstake, M C W Creemers, D-J R A M de Rooij, P L C M van Riel, B Franke, P Barrera
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2008)

To assess the effect of a functional polymorphism (676T>G, M196R) in the tumour necrosis factor receptor super family 1b (TNFSF1b) gene on disease activity, radiological joint damage and response to infliximab and adalimumab treatment in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).Two cohorts of patients with RA were genotyped for the 676T>G polymorphism (rs1061622) in exon 6 of the TNFSF1b gene by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. One cohort (n = 234) included patients from the Dutch Rheumatoid Arthritis Monitoring register with detailed information on their response to anti-TNF therapy (infliximab and adalimumab), the other cohort comprised patients from a long-term observational early inception cohort at our centre (n = 248).The 676T>G polymorphism was not associated with anti-TNF response after 3 or 6 months of treatment. Linear regression analysis showed no significant difference in the progression of radiological joint damage during the first 3 and 6 years of disease between the three genotype groups (TT, TG and GG). Additionally, no difference in mean disease activity between genotypes was seen after 3 and 6 years of disease.Despite its demonstrated functionality, the 676T>G polymorphism in the TNFSF1b gene does not have a major role in either the response to anti-TNF therapy or in the disease severity or radiological progression in RA.
Bacteriology of Erysipeloid
Authors: P. H. A. Sneath, J. D. Abbott, A. C. Cunliffe
Journal: BMJ (1951)

The published descriptions of Eiysipelothrix rhusso- pathiae vary a good deal, and there is no recent full comparison of human strains with those from animals.We therefore examined in detail, including serology and sensitivity to antibiotics, the sexen strains isolated from the patients with erysipeloid whose case histories are described by Price and Bennett (1951) at page 1060 of this issue and compared them with strains from other sources.
Letter: Drugs for rheumatoid arthritis.
Authors: D Vere, J Woodland
Journal: BMJ (1975)

HBAg in Papular Acrodermatitis of Childhood SIR,-Your leading article on Australia antigen in papular acrodermatitis of childhood (9 March, p. 407), criticizing Gianotti's' hypothesis that serum hepatitis and papular acrodermatitis of childhood (P.A.C.) are the same disease or are closely related, prompts us to report our own ex- perience in the matter.We have recently seen three children with the characteristic picture of P.A.C. as described by C&anotti.Their serum bilirubin was normal and transaminases were at the upper end of the normal range.Using radioimmunoassay as described by Ling and Overby2 we found that all three children were HBAg positive.None were living in any institution.Their parents were HBAg negative.We agree that the presence of HBAg in cases of P.A.C. needs further investigation, and the most sensitive method available for this is radioimmunoassay.If such studies confirm previous reports they will provide strong support for Gianotti's theory of a close relationship between serum hepatitis and P.A.C. P.A.C. would then be the only disease other than serum hepatitis to be consistently associated with HBAg.Con- sidering the prevalence of anicteric hepatitis in children P.A.C. might be a peculiar formn of hepatitis in childhood due to a particular reactivity of the reticulohistiocytic system to the viral infection.-Weare, etc.,
Rats surviving injurious mechanical ventilation show reversible pulmonary, vascular and inflammatory changes
Authors: Nicolás Nin, José A. Lorente, Marta de Paula, Mariam El Assar, Susana Vallejo, Oscar Peñuelas, Pilar Fernández-Segoviano, Antonio Ferruelo, Alberto Sánchez-Ferrer, Andrés Esteban
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2008)
Doctors in Hospitals: Medical Staff Organization and Hospital Performance
Authors: David Littauer
Journal: JAMA (1971)

When current debates about delivery of health services are resolved, the complex task of implementing the broad policy decisions reached will require assessment of each component of presently existing health services. These include medical practice and hospital performance, which intersect primarily through the medical staff organization. This book attempts to relate the varieties of medical staff structures to the hospital performance in providing direct care to patients (as well as a miscellany of community health services). Performance is conceived as "what the hospital as a social organization does." In order to put such a study in perspective, the authors describe in several excellent introductory chapters the development of the modern hospital and its organized medical staff, the conflicts that divide them, and the social pressures and external controls that affect the institutions in which physicians work. No single study method can probe hospital-based medical practice as well as the diverse
18F-FDG PET/CT Imaging of Extensive Systemic Sarcoidosis With Epididymal Involvement
Authors: Fumitoshi Aga, Yuka Yamamoto, Kenichi Tanaka, Yuko Ono, Hiroaki Dobashi, Yoshihiro Nishiyama
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2012)

Sarcoidosis rarely involves the male reproductive tract. We present an unusual case of extensive systemic sarcoidosis with epididymal involvement. The ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT demonstrated extensive foci of hypermetabolic activity involving multiple lymph nodes, liver, epididymides, muscles, and subcutaneous tissues. After immunosuppressive therapy, a follow-up PET scan showed almost complete disappearance of the FDG accumulation except for in the hilar lymph nodes.
PERITYPHLITIS—REPORT OF THREE CASES OF PERFORATING CÆCITIS.
Authors: F. C. SCHAEFER
Journal: JAMA (1893)

It has been claimed by McBurney of New York, that 98 per cent. of all the cases called perityphlitis are really cases of appendicitis, and this statement seems to have been almost universally accepted by the profession of our country, for the term perityphlitis has been almost entirely dropped from the new text books and the writings of most surgeons, and appendicitis adopted as a substitute. This change of terms has been accepted with too great haste in our judgment and is in all probability one of the chief causes which leads to the great differences of opinion relative to the question of operating; for we shall find upon searching the literature of this subject that various conditions may be and in all probability are described under the term "appendicitis." I am led to believe through my experience that a larger percentage of cases of so-called appendicitis than we are
New molecular insights into peripheral T cell lymphomas
Authors: Stefano A. Pileri, Pier Paolo Piccaluga
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2012)

Peripheral T cell lymphomas (PTCLs) are heterogeneous neoplasms and represent about 12% of all lymphoid malignancies. They are often regarded as "orphan diseases," a designation that does not reflect their real incidence but rather signifies the difficulties encountered in their classification, diagnosis, and treatment. Here we revise the current understanding of the pathobiological characteristics of the most common nodal PTCLs by focusing on the contribution given by high-throughput technologies and the identification of potential therapeutic targets proposed by translational studies.