tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
L'aspirine utilisée à faible dose au long cours induit des lésions intestinales
Authors: L Chtourou, B Bejou, G Airinei, C Bon, JJ Raynaud, T Aparicio, R Benamouzig
Journal: Endoscopy (2010)

Introduction: La toxicité intestinale de l'aspirine reste un sujet de controverse. Une étude chez le volontaire sain exploré par capsule a récemment suggéré qu'un traitement court par aspirine à dose cardio-vasculaire préventive (&lt;300mg/24h) pourrait être associée à des lésions muqueuses et à des hémorragies. L'objectif de cette étude a été d'évaluer prospectivement l'incidence des lésions de l'intestin grêle chez les patients explorés pour anémie d'origine obscure recevant ou non de l'aspirine à faible dose au long cours.
Nitric Oxide Regulates Cell Sensitivity to Cisplatin-Induced Apoptosis through <i>S</i>-Nitrosylation and Inhibition of Bcl-2 Ubiquitination
Authors: Pithi Chanvorachote, Ubonthip Nimmannit, Christian Stehlik, Liying Wang, Bing-Hua Jiang, Boonsri Ongpipatanakul, Yon Rojanasakul
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract Cisplatin is a potent cytotoxic agent commonly used for the treatment of solid tumors. However, tumor cell–acquired resistance to cisplatin-induced apoptosis is a major limitation for efficient therapy, as frequently observed in human lung cancer. Nitric oxide (NO) is a key regulator of apoptosis, but its role in cisplatin-induced cell death and the underlying mechanism are largely unknown. Previous studies indicate increased NO synthase activity and elevated NO production in lung carcinomas, which correlate with the incidence of chemotherapeutic resistance. Here, we show that NO impairs the apoptotic function of cells and increases their resistance to cisplatin-induced cell death in human lung carcinoma H-460 cells. The NO donors sodium nitroprusside and dipropylenetriamine NONOate were able to inhibit cisplatin-induced cell death, whereas the NO inhibitors aminoguanidine and 2-(4-carboxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetra-methylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide had opposite effect. Cisplatin resistance in H-460 cells is mediated by Bcl-2, and NO up-regulates its expression by preventing the degradation of Bcl-2 via ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. Cisplatin-induced generation of reactive oxygen species causes dephosphorylation and degradation of Bcl-2. In contrast, generation of NO has no effect on Bcl-2 phosphorylation but induces S-nitrosylation of the protein, which inhibits its ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation. These findings indicate a novel pathway for NO regulation of Bcl-2, which provides a key mechanism for cisplatin resistance and its potential modulation for improved cancer chemotherapy. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(12): 6365-60)
ORGANIZATION OF A WARD FOR ADOLESCENTS IN BELLEVUE PSYCHIATRIC HOSPITAL
Authors: Frank J. Curran
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1939)

In this communication, an effort is made to describe the formation of a ward for adolescent boys (the majority being nonpsychotic behavior problems) in Bellevue Psychiatric Hospital. A description is given of the various types of group activities used on the ward to diagnose and treat these children. Certain statistical data regarding types of cases, diagnoses and disposition is offered. A description is given of various phenomena observed on the ward including: aggressive and destructive behavior, organization of gangs, initiation ceremonies, sexual activities and attitudes, and the adjustment of behavior problems with psychotic patients. A description is given as to disciplinary measurements used here. Since we have organized various group activities, we have reduced the destructive behavior to a very large extent. We wish to emphasize that we are still in the experimental stage and that we frequently change our rules and attitudes toward such problems as discipline, smoking activities, etc. We are in agreement with Potter who wrote: "Above all, one cannot run a children's service by rules and regulations. The arrangements must be kept elastic and all those involved should thoroughly understand that which is planned for and put into operation today may well have to be discarded tomorrow." In conclusion, we believe that the majority of adolescent behavior problems are not properly diagnosed or treated in clinics, but should be observed in hospitals. We believe that one can really evaluate an adolescent patient only when he is exposed to the same types of situations he faces in the community, i. e., in school, theatre and at play. We believe similar wards for adolescents should be organized in other psychiatric hospitals and that special wards for adolescents should be opened in state hospitals.
Identification of human minor histocompatibility antigens based on genetic association with highly parallel genotyping of pooled DNA
Authors: Takakazu Kawase, Yasuhito Nannya, Hiroki Torikai, Go Yamamoto, Makoto Onizuka, Satoko Morishima, Kunio Tsujimura, Koichi Miyamura, Yoshihisa Kodera, Yasuo Morishima, Toshitada Takahashi, Kiyotaka Kuzushima, Seishi Ogawa, Yoshiki Akatsuka
Journal: Blood (2008)
Study of Bisphosphonates Leads to New Views of Bone Remodeling, Therapy for Skeletal Malignancy
Authors: Charles Marwick
Journal: JAMA (1997)

CHEMICAL compounds called bisphosphonates, some of which were originally used as water softeners, are playing an increasing role in the treatment of metastatic skeletal malignancies. The development may provide new insights into the normal processes involved in bone remodeling. Some solid tumors, especially those of the breast, prostate, and lung, readily metastasize to bone, where they stimulate its formation or, more frequently, its destruction. Since bisphosphonates inhibit bone turnover by decreasing bone resorption, investigators have become interested in studying their possible use for controlling or even preventing metastatic skeletal lesions. "We've been remiss in not considering this specific problem of bone metastasis. We need to understand it to develop rational ways of preventing and treating it. The information is now available or is on the horizon which can really make a difference in this process," said Gregory Mundy, MD, introducing a symposium last month at the National Institutes of Health
PACE trial authors' reply to letter by Kindlon
Authors: P. D. White, T. Chalder, M. Sharpe, T. Johnson, K. Goldsmith
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Kindlon states that access to the committee minutes of the PACE (Pacing, Graded Activity, and Cognitive Behaviour Therapy—a Randomised Evaluation) trial is needed “to find out why outcome measures were changed.”1 We disagree.

Firstly, the primary outcome measures were the same as those described in the protocol—fatigue and physical disability.2

Secondly, details and explanations of …
Improve medical training and safety culture for better paediatric care
Authors: Lisa Hitchen
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Substandard management is responsible for 40% of deaths in infants and disability caused by asphyxia at birth, clinicians heard at a paediatric conference this week.

Umesh Prabhu, a consultant paediatrician and medical director of Bury NHS Trust, told delegates at a meeting on clinical risk management that 140 out of 350 incidents in the United Kingdom in which babies died or were disabled after brain damage could have been avoided.

“If every trust concentrated on those babies and what can go wrong I think we could do a lot for them, and it would save the NHS £200m [$380m; €300m] a year,” he said.

Dr Prabhu implemented a clinical risk management approach at his own trust four years ago. As a result, he noted, Bury has not seen any preventable paediatric deaths. …
Paediatricians question Nestle's donation
Authors: C Court
Journal: BMJ (1994)

A charitable donation of pounds sterling 140 000 made by the infant formula milk producer Nestle to the British Paediatric Association (BPA) has caused concern among members of the association, who say that they should have been consulted first.

The donation was for pounds sterling 35 000 each year for four years starting on 1 July last year. The second donation is thus due to be accepted by the BPA next week. But members are unhappy that the original offer was accepted without discussion in any BPA council meeting.

Since 1991 the General Synod of the Church of England has endorsed a boycott of Nestle products because of its concern about what it sees as the company's aggressive marketing of baby milk powder in developing countries.

Lobby groups claim the Nestle has consistently broken the World Health Organisation's (WHO) international code on the marketing of breast milk substitutes. Although there has been more recent evidence of an improvement in the company's approach in Britain, members of the BPA believe that in the light of this …
Do Patents Prevent Access to Drugs for HIV in Developing Countries?
Authors: M. Boelaert
Journal: JAMA (2002)

Differential pricing of antiretroviral medications between industrialized and developing drug markets should be systematically and promptly adopted not after several years of delay.  Generic competition should be encouraged and exceptions to patent rights should be widely supported in the case of highly active antiretroviral therapy in developing countries.  (excerpt)
Potential Role of High-Mobility Group Box 1 in Cystic Fibrosis Airway Disease
Authors: Steven M. Rowe, Patricia L. Jackson, Gang Liu, Mathew Hardison, Alessandra Livraghi, G. Martin Solomon, D. Brent McQuaid, Brett D. Noerager, Amit Gaggar, J. P. Clancy, Wanda O'Neal, Eric J. Sorscher, Edward Abraham, J. Edwin Blalock
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2008)

High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is a potent inflammatory mediator elevated in sepsis and rheumatoid arthritis, although its role in cystic fibrosis (CF) lung disease is unknown.
Physicians and the Changing Medical Marketplace
Authors: Thomas Bodenheimer
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1999)

As the 20th century closes, the practice of medicine in the United States faces challenges as great as it ever has. On the one hand, medical science and technology have brought unimaginable benefits to the American population. On the other hand, these advances have contributed to the escalation of health care costs above what many people are able to pay. Physicians are caught in the middle — pressured by private and governmental purchasers of health care to keep costs down, while driven by the public and their own professional standards to do everything that might be beneficial for each patient. . . .
Liver failure induced by paracetamol.
Authors: R Garnier, C Bismuth
Journal: BMJ (1993)

among the 119 recorded as dying in 1990 or how many would not have taken an overdose had they been aware that paracetamol, if taken in large quantities, often results in a painful and lingering death due to liver failure.By diverting attention towards the 1143 deaths due to overdose of drugs other than paracetamol Spooner disregards the fact that paracetamol is consistently one of the most common drugs used in suicide and far exceeds any other over the counter medication as a method of death by poisoning.It is also by far the most common substance used in deliberate self poisoning attempts.In a review of 3263 admissions after deliberate self poisoning in South West Thames region in 1989 I found that 957 were a result of paracetamol overdose (unpublished study).The next most common class of drugs used was benzodiazepines, which accounted for 584 admissions.Benzodiazepines, of course, are prescription only drugs, and an overdose is far less likely to cause death.Combining paracetamol with methionine, as Bray suggests, may not be the answer, but surely the manufacturers of paracetamol should take a more responsible attitude by at least placing a more specific warning of the effects of overdose on the packaging.
Commentary: An "ethnic minority" medical student
Authors: H. Ip
Journal: BMJ (2008)

I began my medical studies in London in 2003, naive, but brimming with enthusiasm. Five years on1 I have more insight into the challenges medical students face, as well as the particular implications of belonging to an ethnic minority. In their study, Woolf et al describe stereotypical views of South Asian medical students. I think that students and teachers hold similar views of Chinese medical students: conscientious, hardworking, and bright in terms of book learning, but weaker at communicating with patients and teachers.

The authors suggest that academic performance is adversely affected by negative stereotypes (stereotype threat). I feel that my mindset—that of an international student—shielded me from some of these …
The British government's Troubled Families Programme
Authors: A. Fletcher, F. Gardner, M. McKee, C. Bonell
Journal: BMJ (2012)

The British government has recently established the Troubled Families Programme in response to the riots in England in 2011, scaling up a non-negotiable version of the previous government's Family Intervention Projects.Their aim is to prevent further riots.Key workers will assess the needs of families identified as being troubled and coordinate a year long programme of intensive family support to tackle antisocial behaviour, misuse of drugs and alcohol, and youth crime.However, evidence for the effectiveness of family intervention projects is weak, being made up of small scale evaluations without external comparison groups. 1 A systematic review commissioned by the previous government found no studies to support the claim that such interventions improve outcomes for families.
Disability from inflammatory bowel disease among employees in West Germany.
Authors: A Sonnenberg
Journal: Gut (1989)

The statistics of the German social security system were used to analyse the epidemiology of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in Germany and to assess its impact on disability. Patients granted disability pension for IBD were compared with a control group of patients disabled from other causes. Crohn9s disease and ulcerative colitis led to disability in significantly younger patients than other diseases. Disability from Crohn9s disease was 2.0-fold more common in women than men (95% confidence interval: 1.8-2.3), while disability from ulcerative colitis was similar in both sexes. White collar employees were affected by both diseases more frequently than blue collar employees, the ratio being 1.3 (1.2-1.5) in Crohn9s disease and 1.6 (1.4-1.8) in ulcerative colitis. Although IBD is relatively rare, it has severe socioeconomic implications, because compared with other diseases, predominantly young age groups become disabled.
ISOLATED DISEASE OF THE SCAPHOID
Authors: CHARLES R. McCLURE
Journal: JAMA (1918)

A pathologic condition limited to the scaphoid bone of the foot is rarely observed. First described by Kohler in 1908, it has since been known as isolated disease of the scaphoid, or Kohler's disease. Including the three cases described by Kohler, thirteen cases of this condition have been reported in the literature. Having had the opportunity of observing such a case recently, I have found it worth while to report it, incidentally directing attention to certain distinguishing features concerning its pathologic history.  REPORT OF CASE  A boy, aged 7 years, was brought to see me, Nov. 6, 1917. Lameness was the chief complaint. The family history was negative as to tuberculosis and syphilis. Both parents are living and well. The home surroundings, the rural environment of a prosperous farmer, had been ideal. The child had never had any illnesses, except measles and infected ears the preceding two winters, his health
Fibers From Disposable Gowns and Drapes
Authors: William C. Beck
Journal: JAMA (1979)

To the Editor.—  I read with concern Dr Dragan's CLINICAL NOTE concerning wood fibers from surgical gowns and drapes.  We know that foreign bodies are a cause of problems in serous cavities. Starch granuloma is common, and linting may also be. Starch cannot be completely removed from gloves.  Drapes and gowns made from 140-thread cotton, however, are valueless as aseptic barriers if they become wet with body fluids or blood. This is a very important factor. While the finding of wood fibers in surgical wounds deserves further study, I do not believe that either disposable or reusable true barrier materials should be abandoned. The anecdotal increase of complications from such material needs better documentation.
IDENTIFICATION OF ASYMPTOMATIC CAROTID PLAQUES IMPROVES CLASSIFICATION OF PATIENTS WITH INFLAMMATORY JOINT DISEASE REGARDING CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE PREVENTION
Authors: Anne Grete Semb, Silvia Rollefstad, Jonny Hisdal, Anne S. Eirheim, Desiree van der Heijde, Einar Stranden, Tore K. Kvien, Inge C Olsen
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
DIAGNOSTIC SURVEYS AND ASYLUM REFORM
Authors: Charles A. L. Reed
Journal: JAMA (1922)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —Probably no subject appeals to general practitioners more than does the care of epileptics, insane and associated classes. Estimates based on the findings of the National Committee on Mental Hygiene indicate that there are approximately 400,000 such cases under institutional treatment in the United States today. No section of the country is immune. The general practitioner is the attendant in the first instance, and remains the family adviser not only of institutionalized cases but also of the probably quarter of a million other cases not now in institutions. Among the more recent developments is the relationship of focal infections — located in the teeth, tonsils, sinuses, intestines, etc.—to the causation of "epilepsy" and "insanity." Individual cases and groups of cases have been reported in which convulsions and mental disturbances have ceased following the removal of foci of infection. The interest of the general practitioner, and the
Heart Block in Polymyositis
Authors: Herbert H. Schaumburg, Surl L. Nielsen, Peter M. Yurchak
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1971)

POLYMYOSITIS is said rarely to involve the myocardium. Only two pathologically documented cases of polymyositis with myocardial involvement have been reported, and conduction disorders were noted in neither.1 , 2 In the case presented below polymyositis was proved to involve the conduction system, with the initial appearance of atrioventricular block and, eventually, persistent ventricular asystole.Case ReportW.C., a 26-year-old man, began to experience difficulty in climbing stairs 10 years before his terminal admission. The weakness progressed, and 3 years later, at the time of the 1st admission, there was mild diffuse proximal weakness. General physical examination and the remainder of the . . .
Exacerbation of chronic liver disease due to hepatitis B surface antigen after delta infection.
Authors: G Raimondo, G Longo, G Squadrito
Journal: BMJ (1983)

week.We noticed that large haemoptyses occurred shortly after the nebulised salbutamol.After substitution of the salbutamol by nebulised isotonic saline there was a pronounced reduction in haemoptysis with only streaks of blood in the sputum thereafter.To substantiate these observations nebulised salbutamol was reintroduced and caused a further large haemoptysis (300 ml).Bronchodilator treatment was therefore subsequently maintained with oral prednisolone and the nebulised salbutamol discontinued.The episodes of haemoptysis gradually subsided over the next 48 hours.There was no recurrence when inhaled salbutamol 200 tLg four times daily was reinstituted one week later.
Disorders of Neuromuscular Transmission Caused by Drugs
Authors: Jan Koch-Weser, Zohar Argov, Frank L. Mastaglia
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1979)

MORE than 30 drugs in current clinical use, other than those used in anesthesia, may interfere with neuromuscular transmission. This complication of drug therapy is unusual but has been well documented; over 200 cases have been reported.1 Awareness of the possibility of such an effect is important, since failure to recognize that a drug is responsible for, or is contributing to, a myasthenic syndrome may lead to unnecessary morbidity and even to a fatal outcome in what is potentially a reversible condition. Although clinically manifest neuromuscular blockade is uncommon, subclinical involvement is probably more frequent than is generally appreciated.Clinical . . .
TREATMENT OF SYPHILIS COEXISTENT WITH A CONDITION SIMULATING DIABETES
Authors: JAMES E. PAULLIN
Journal: JAMA (1924)

The majority of authors who have written on the subject of diabetes mellitus agree that, in those cases in which diabetes is coexistent with syphilis, antisyphilitic treatment yields but little improvement of the diabetic condition. Nevertheless, there appears in the literature an occasional report of a case in which diabetes seems to have developed as a result of syphilitic infection, and in which antisyphilitic treatment effected an apparent clinical recovery. Although most of these cases were reported before the days of the Wassermann reaction and the details are rather meager, the evidence seems to establish the existence of syphilis and a condition resembling diabetes, rather than the transient glycosuria that frequently occurs during the various stages of syphilitic infection.  CASES PREVIOUSLY REPORTED  Umber1reports the case of a man, aged 48 years, who had had a chancre in 1898. During 1909 he began to suffer with dyspeptic symptoms and
The efficacy and safety of atorvastatine, omega 3 fatty acid and orlistateon non alcoholic liver disease (NASH)
Authors: Dimitrios Koliouskas, Chris Savopoulos, Dimitrios Koliouskas, Apostolos Hatzitolios, Ioannis Sidiropoulos, Maria Masmanidou, Stefanos Dokas, Antonios Ziakas
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2002)
Endotracheal Tube Lost in the Trachea
Authors: ASHIQ H. Tahir
Journal: JAMA (1972)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> A variety of foreign bodies have lodged in the air and food passages.<sup>1</sup>Aspiration of the tracheostomy cannula<sup>2</sup>and nebulizer cork,<sup>3</sup>and swallowing of endotracheal tubes<sup>4</sup>have occurred, but I have not found a report in which an endotracheal tube had been aspirated into the upper-respiratory tract. <h3>Report of a Case.—</h3> A 16-month-old male infant weighing 16 kg who had ingested a small amount of bleach was anesthetized with halothane, nitrous oxide, and oxygen for an esophagoscopy. A well-lubricated 16 F Cole tube with a 5-mm endotracheal connector was introduced into the larnyx under direct vision. Shortly after the endoscope was advanced, the patient made strenuous inspiratory efforts and complete respiratory obstruction developed. At this point the esophagoscope, the surgeon's index finger, and the distal half of the endotracheal tube connector were in the patient's mouth. Difficulty was thought to be due to
Cardioprotection induced by Na+/K+-ATPase activation involves extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 and phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt pathway
Authors: J. Zheng, X. Koh, F. Hua, G. Li, J. W. Larrick, J.-S. Bian
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2010)

AimsNa+/K+-ATPase (NKA) has recently been found to relay extracellular signals to intracellular compartments. Activation of NKA with polyclonal antibody produces positive inotropic effects. The present study was designed to examine whether DRRSAb, a NKA DR region-specific antibody, also produces cardioprotective effects.
Unemployment after Health Care Reform?
Authors: Francis X. Brickfield
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1994)

To the Editor: A change in the financing of our health care system is clearly needed -- and imminent. When I was in practice I was astounded by the amount of paperwork the private sector generated in paying for health care and dismayed by the amount of time my staff and I devoted to the paperwork, rather than to the patient. Should simplification of paperwork indeed result from a national health care plan, this would free a considerable amount of time for the provision of health care. But the law of unintended consequences could operate here. What will all the . . .