tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Prescription of proton pump inhibitors
Authors: I. Ross, J. Edgehill, J. Mant, M. F G Murphy, M. P Vessey
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Editor—Bashford et al report a 10-fold rise in prescriptions for proton pump inhibitors between 1991 and 1995, mainly because of increased unlicensed use for non-ulcer dyspepsia.1 Diagnosis of non-ulcer dyspepsia will be increased by the frequent use of ulcer healing drugs before referral for gastroscopy because these drugs reduce diagnostic yield.2

We audited 270 dyspeptic patients referred for gastroscopy to determine the ideal time to stop ulcer healing drugs before investigation. In all, 154 (57%) patients had taken ulcer healing drugs in the 3 months before gastroscopy; 77 of these received proton pump inhibitors. When we compared patients treated with ulcer healing drugs with those who had not taken these drugs in the 3 months before gastroscopy, treated subjects had a significantly reduced occurrence of mucosal inflammation at gastroscopy—for example, oesophagitis and peptic ulcer disease. The odds ratio of not having mucosal inflammation when ulcer healing drugs were taken within 2 weeks of gastroscopy was 3.1 (95% confidence interval 1.3 to 7.1, P<0.01). The odds ratio when these drugs were taken 2 to 4 weeks before gastroscopy was 2.0 (1.0 to 3.9, P<0.04). Use of ulcer healing drugs more than 4 weeks before the test did not affect diagnostic yield. Patients taking ulcer healing drugs within 1 month of endoscopy were also less likely to test positive for Helicobacter pylori.

We performed a telephone survey of 31 endoscopy units in July 1997. Fourteen (45%) gave no advice about discontinuing ulcer healing drugs before gastroscopy, and only one recommended stopping a month before the procedure.

In summary, ulcer healing drugs used up to 1 month before gastroscopy reduce both diagnostic yield and detection of H pylori.3 Many endoscopy units do not advise patients to discontinue these drugs. This must exaggerate diagnosis of non-ulcer dyspepsia and will result in repeat prescriptions for patients who might have a curable problem such as duodenal ulcer.
Website of the Week: Missing and unidentified persons
Authors: Upasana Tayal
Journal: BMJ (2003)

The personal view in this week's BMJ (p 349) describes one doctor's experience with a John Doe, an unidentified, presumed missing, person. The internet could play a greater part in helping to identify such people, the author suggests, perhaps with an online international registry made up of hospital records and maybe including photographs of the deceased.

Currently no single internet site provides a list of all missing people. If you are looking for a missing person or if you have seen someone you recognise as missing—or even if you yourself are missing—it is best to consult the site based in your own country, if one exists. In the United Kingdom, the website of the National Missing Persons Helpline (www.missingpersons.org/) is a good example of such a service.

The Doe Network (www.doenetwork.org) is an international non-profit organisation devoted to solving cases concerning unexplained disappearances and unidentified victims of crime from north America, Australia, and Europe. Its volunteers come from diverse fields: forensic artists, medical examiners, journalists, missing persons case workers, law enforcement officers, detectives, and “everyday people.”

The UK National Missing Persons Helpline Identification and Reconstruction Department (www.missingpersons.org/identification.html) provides a brief description of the technologies at our disposal nowadays in the search for missing persons, from image enhancement and facial reconstruction to age progression. Although not visually exciting, www.sciencevictoria.org.au/ord798.htm is an Australian site with an interesting essay on facial reconstruction, stretching from Egyptian Pharaohs and death masks to FACE—the Facial Automatic Composition and Editing system devised by Victoria police and now successfully in operation worldwide.

For information about missing persons of a different kind, have you ever wondered who the FBI's top 10 most wanted are? See www.fbi.gov/mostwant/topten/fugitives/fugitives.htm for a line up of mugshots.

Finally, if you want to know why unidentified people are called John or Jane Doe, it's all to do with a legal debate during the reign of King Edward III (1312-77) about a hypothetical landowner who is kicked out by his leaseholder. See http://ask.yahoo.com/ask/20020923.html for a fuller explanation.
The Lasker Awards—Recognizing and Valuing Investments in Cardiovascular Research
Authors: Eric D. Peterson
Journal: JAMA (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
RAnoLazIne for the Treatment of Diastolic Heart Failure in Patients With Preserved Ejection Fraction
Authors: Lars S. Maier, Beth Layug, Ewa Karwatowska-Prokopczuk, Luiz Belardinelli, Stella Lee, Julia Sander, Christian Lang, Rolf Wachter, Frank Edelmann, Gerd Hasenfuss, Claudius Jacobshagen
Journal: JACC Heart Failure (2013)
Abstract 19964: Effect of Clopidogrel Treatment on the Incidence and Severity of Community Acquired Pneumonia: Results of a Five-Year Cohort Study
Authors: A. K Gross, Steven P Dunn, David J Feola, Craig A Martin, Susan S Smyth
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Introduction: While the role of platelets in hemostasis is well-established, their function in inflammation and immune response has not been fully characterized. Platelet activation results in the ...
Abstract 210: Inhalation of H2 Gas Starting After Resuscitation Under Normoxia Improves Neurological Outcomes in a Rat Cardiac Arrest Model
Authors: Kei Hayashida, Motoaki Sano, Naomi Kamimura, Takashi Yokota, Masaru Suzuki, Shigeo Ohta, Keiichi Fukuda, Shingo Hori
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Background:  We previously described that inhalation of H2 gas in the presence of hyperoxia, starting at the beginning of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and given for 2 h after return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC), significantly improves the functional status of brain and heart in a rat cardiac arrest model. Here, we examined the potential therapeutic benefit of a delayed application of H2 gas either alone or in combination with targeted temperature management (TTM) starting after ROSC under normoxia in post-CA rats.   Methods and Results:  After 6 min of ventricular fibrillation induction, all animals were mechanically ventilated (MV) with 100% O2 and resuscitated. At 5 min after achieving ROSC, animals were randomized into four groups: MV with 26% O2 under normothermia (control group), MV with 26% O2 and 1.3% H2 under normothermia (H2 group), MV with 26% O2 under TTM (TTM group), MV with 26% O2 and 1.3% H2 under TTM (TTM + H2 group). The survival rate at 7 d after ROSC was 38.4% (control group), 71.4% (H2 group and TTM group), and 85.7% (TTM+H2 group). The motor activity and spatial working memory at 7 d after ROSC was better in the TTM+H2 group than the TTM group. Consistent with this, degenerative changes in the neuronal processes and activation of microglia in the hippocampus CA1 at 7d after ROSC was less in the TTM+H2 group than the TTM group.   Conclusions:  A delayed application of H2 gas therapy starting after ROSC under normoxia improves neurological outcomes independently of TTM.
Increasing case numbers of adenovirus conjunctivitis in Germany, 2010
Authors: C Adlhoch, I Schöneberg, G Fell, D Brandau, J Benzler
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2010)

In 2010 (as of 13 October 2010), the number of adenovirus conjunctivitis cases reported to the Robert Koch Institute in Berlin, Germany, has increased by more than 250% compared with same period in the previous two years. An investigation was initiated to identify spatial or temporal clusters, possible sources of infection and potential connections to cases abroad. The analysis did not show a disproportionately affected sex or age group, but many infections were preceded by exposure to ophthalmological facilities, communal facilities or public places.
...that is misunderstood and misdiagnosed
Authors: M Hutson
Journal: BMJ (1994)

EDITOR,- Peter Brooks's editorial on repetitive strain injury1 promotes the contemporary Australian view of this condition, which is based on the apparent reduction of the epidemic of the condition after the denial of its existence. Arguments have been propounded, largely on semantic grounds, that an injury does not result from repetitive use of the arm. Instead it is conceded that pain occurs inthe workplace and endemic work related musculoskeletal syndromes remain, yet …
The Relative Safety and Efficacy of Abciximab and Eptifibatide in Patients Undergoing Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Hitinder S. Gurm, Dean E. Smith, J. Stewart Collins, David Share, Arthur Riba, Andrew J. Carter, Thomas LaLonde, Eva Kline-Rogers, Michael O’Donnell, Hameem Changezi, Marcel Zughaib, Robert Safian, Mauro Moscucci
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2008)
O094 : The presence of echocardiographic abnormalities increases mortality in patients with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis
Authors: M. Mandorfer, S. Bota, P. Schwabl, N. Pfisterer, G. Goliasch, V. Fuhrmann, T. Horvatits, A. Ferlitsch, W. Sieghart, M. Trauner, M. Peck-Radosavljevic, T. Reiberger
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2015)
Importance of enhanced distribution of NK012 and long-term, sustained-release of SN-38 for the treatment of hypovascular tumors
Authors: Yohei Saito, Masahiro Yasunaga, Junichiro Kuroda, Yoshikatsu Koga, Yasuhiro Matsumura
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

AACR Annual Meeting-- Apr 12-16, 2008; San Diego, CA

5623 

Background Human pancreatic cancer is collagen-rich and hypovascular. These pathological barriers may hinder the penetration of anticancer agents into masses of pancreatic cancer tissue. Thus, modalities enabling anticancer agents to exert their anticancer activities within hypovascular cancers are urgently needed. Drug Delivery Systems (DDS) can be used to deliver anticancer agents selectively to tumor tissues and to lessen their delivery to normal tissues. NK012 is a drug formulation composed of polymeric micelles containing SN-38; about 80% of the SN-38 inside the micelles can be gradually released within 48 hours under physiological conditions. The purpose of this study was to determine whether NK012 may be an appropriate formulation for the treatment of hypovascular tumors.    Methods and Results We examined the amount of stroma and the number of tumor blood vessels in four human pancreatic cancer xenografts using immunohistochemical analysis. We found that PSN1 appeared to have the richest tumor vasculature and the least number of stromal cells and matrix. On the other hand, Capan1 had the poorest tumor vasculature and the largest amount of stromal tissue. Fluorescence microscopy and HPLC analysis demonstrated that NK012 accumulated and continued to be distributed for more than 48 hours. The efficient, sustained release of SN-38 was maintained for more than 96 hours in both tumors, whereas CPT-11 disappeared almost entirely from both tumors within 6 hours. All the tumors were eradicated in the mice treated with NK012, but not in those treated with CPT-11. Conclusion Since the antitumor activity of SN-38 is time-dependent, NK012, which combines the benefits of an enhanced distribution and the sustained release of SN-38 within tumors, may be ideal for the treatment of hypovascular tumors, such as pancreatic cancer.
Phase II study of docetaxel and oxaliplatin in combination with bevacizumab as first-line therapy for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).
Authors: L. E. Raez, R. Brito, S. Kobina, M. G. Perdekamp, M. Karr, E. S. Santos
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

e18022 Background: Docetaxel (D) is active in advanced NSCLC. Bevacizumab (B) enhances conventional chemotherapy with increased response rate and prolonged survival. The study objective is to evaluate efficacy and safety of D and oxaliplatin (O) in combination with B as first-line therapy in patients (pts) with non-squamous IIIB/IV NSCLC. Methods: Pts with non-squamous, IIIB/IV NSCLC, measurable disease, Performance Status (PS) ≤ 2, and adequate organ function were treated with D 70 mg/m2, O 100 mg/m2 and B 15 mg/kg, intravenously on day 1 in a q3 week cycle up to 6 cycles. B was continued up to a total of one year unless disease progression or unacceptable toxicity occurred. Prophylactic G-CSF was not required. Uncontrolled hypertension and untreated brain metastasis were excluded. Assessments included tumor response (every 6 weeks) and toxicity. Results: Fifty-three pts were enrolled (median age, 62 years; range 36, 77). There were 72% male, 79% Caucasian, 89% stage IV, 94% adenocarcinoma and 6% PS = 2. Among 52 treated pts, a median of 6 cycles were received per pt. 40% patients received at least one cycle of B monotherapy as maintenance. Dose reduction/delay occurred in 19 pts (36%). Nine (17%) pts discontinued treatment due to adverse events. The confirmed overall response rate (ORR) was 30.2% in 16 pts including one complete response (CR). 20 pts (38%) had stable disease (SD). The clinical benefit (CR+PR+SD) was 68%. Median progression free survival was 5.6 months (95% CI: 2.9, 7.9). Median time to treatment failure was 4.7 months (95% CI: 2.9, 5.6). Median overall survival was 14 months (95% CI: 10.3, 18.1). The commonly reported grade (G) 3/4 adverse events included neutropenia (15%) diarrhea (14%), fatigue (12%), and dehydration (10%). One G3 neuropathy (1.9%) and no G3/4 hemoptysis were reported. Four deaths occurred during treatment period and one (pneumonia) was considered treatment related. Conclusions: The docetaxel, oxaliplatin and bevacizumab regimen showed favorable clinical activity in this setting, comparable with historical results of antiangiogenic therapy. This triplet has shown an acceptable toxicity profile. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Position Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration sanofi-aventis Genentech, sanofi-aventis Genentech, sanofi-aventis
Resting Aortic Valve Area at Normal Transaortic Flow Rate Reflects True Valve Area in Suspected Low-Gradient Severe Aortic Stenosis
Authors: Navtej S. Chahal, Maria Drakopoulou, Ana M. Gonzalez-Gonzalez, Ramasamy Manivarmane, Rajdeep Khattar, Roxy Senior
Journal: JACC. Cardiovascular imaging (2015)
Abstract 16721: Mechanical versus Biological Prostheses for Chronic Ischaemic Mitral Regurgitation: A Long-Term Hemodynamic and Functional Capacity Comparison
Authors: Carlo Fino, Paolo Ferrero, Attilio Iacovoni, Emilia Delia, Maurizio Merlo, Lorenzo Galletti, Massimo Caputo, Michele Senni, Julien Magne
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Introduction: mitral valve replacement (MVR) with chordal-sparing represents a valuable alternative surgical option for the treatment of chronic ischaemic mitral regurgitation (CIMR). However, the long-term hemodynamic performance and functional capacity of biological versus mechanical prostheses in patients treated for CIMR is still unknown.The purpose of this study was to compare, in patients undergoing MVR and coronary revascularization, the hemodynamics and functional capacity between the two types of prostheses, using exercise stress echocardiography and six-minute walking test (6-MWT).

Methods: we analyzed 86 consecutive patients who received MVR with either biological (n=41) or mechanical (n=45) prostheses, for CIMR. All patients underwent both preoperative and postoperative (at 32±13 months) resting and exercise stress echocardiography and 6-MWT. The mean age was 63.5±3.8 years. There was no significant difference between the 2 groups regarding baseline demographic, clinical and echocardiographic data.

Results: compared to biological prostheses, the postoperative indexed effective orifice area were significantly higher at rest and during exercise in patients with mechanical prostheses (rest: 1.3±0.2 vs. 1.19±0.3cm2/m2; p=0.03; exercise: 1.57±0.2 vs. 1.18±0.3cm2/m2 respectively; p=0.0001). The exercise systolic pulmonary arterial pressure was higher in biological prostheses, as compared to mechanical valves (59±7 vs. 41±5mmHg, p=0.0001). Compared to preoperative data, postoperative 6-MWT, adjusted for age and sex, significantly increased only in patients with mechanical valves (from 242±43 to 290±50m vs. 250±40 to 220± 44m, p= 0.001).

In multivariate analysis, after adjusting for age and sex, exercise indexed effective orifice area and exercise systolic pulmonary arterial pressure were identified as independent determinants of both postoperative functional capacity and postoperative improvement in functional capacity.

Conclusions: in patients with CIMR undergoing MVR, biological prostheses showed worse valve hemodynamic performance and reduced functional capacity, as compared to mechanical prostheses.
Adolescent versus adult onset of mania
Authors: T H McGlashan
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1988)

Patients with adolescent-onset mania at a long-term treatment facility presented with more psychotic symptoms and greater chronicity than adult-onset manic patients. However, the long-term (15-year) outcome of the 35 adolescent-onset patients was comparable to or better than that of the 31 adult-onset patients.
Abstract #2221: Epac enhances melanoma cell migration through tubulin polymerization
Authors: Erdene Baljinnyam, Yoshihiro Ishikawa, Mizuka Iwatsubo, Kosaku Iwatsubo
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Background: Melanoma has a poor prognosis due to its strong metastatic ability. We recently found that Epac, a newly-found target protein of cAMP, enhances melanoma cell migration, which is a pivotal process in metastasis, through the production of extracellular matrix; however, intracellular mechanism by which Epac regulates melanoma cell migration is unknown. Since microtubule formation plays a major role in cell migration, we studied whether Epac regulates tubulin polymerization in melanoma cells, leading to melanoma cell migration. Methods: We used SK-Mel-2, a human melanoma cell line, in this study. Migration assays were performed using the 24-well Boyden chambers. Microtubule formation was examined by tubulin polymerization assay and immunocytochemistry. To examine the effect of Epac, adenoviral overexpression of Epac1 (Epac1 OE) and 8-pMeOPT-29-O-Me-cAMP (8-pMeOPT), an Epac specific agonist, were used. Results: Epac activation significantly increased melanoma cell migration (control, 100 ±13 %; 8-pMeOPT 189±19 % of control, p   Citation Information:  In: Proc Am Assoc Cancer Res; 2009 Apr 18-22; Denver, CO. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; 2009. Abstract nr 2221.
Abstract 17732: Histone Deacetylase Knockout Mice are Protected From Adipose Tissue Dysfunction and Systemic Metabolic Disease During High Fat Feeding
Authors: Tapan K Chatterjee, Joshua E Basford, Ellen Knoll, Wilson S Tong, Victor Blanco, Andra L Blomkalns, Steven Rudich, Alex B Lentsch, David Y Hui, Neal L Weintraub
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Background: Obesity-related insulin resistance and diabetes is a leading cause of heart disease. In obesity, adipose tissue expands primarily by adipocyte hypertrophy rather than adipocyte hyperpla...
Abstract 2467: Stentless Aortic Valve Replacement Increased the Requirement for Permanent Pacemaker
Authors: Eric Lehr, Elizabeth Allen, John Mullen, Roderick MacArthur, David Ross, Arvind Koshal, Elliot Gelfand, Dennis Modry, Shao Hua Wang
Journal: Circulation (2007)

BACKGROUND: Stentless aortic valve prosthesis are thought to provide a superior hemodynamic profile compared to mechanical or other tissue valve replacements. Unlike other aortic valve prostheses, stentless valves are most commonly implanted in the subcoronary position, potentially resulting in the placement of sutures in the atrio-ventricular node of the heart’s conduction system. We assessed the incidence of permanent pacemaker insertion following aortic valve replacement. METHODS: We performed a retrospective cohort analysis of all patients who underwent aortic valve replacement at the University of Alberta Hospital between January 1996 and December 2004. The primary outcome was heart block requiring permanent pacemaker insertion. Binary logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the influence of a number of factors on the requirement for permanent pacemaker insertion. RESULTS: In total, 1,451 patients underwent aortic valve replacement (69% male, age 17–92). Permanent pacemaker insertion was required in 32 (5.0%) of 644 patients receiving mechanical valves and in 24 (4.4%) of 543 patients who had a stented tissue aortic valve replacement. In contrast, 27 (10.2%) of 264 patients who had a stentless bioprosthetic valves implanted developed heart block necessitating permanent pacemaker insertion (P = 0.02). Logistic regression demonstrated that implantation of a stentless tissue valve and postoperative inotropic support were the only two significant predictors of the development of heart block following aortic valve replacement. CONCLUSIONS: Aortic valve replacement with a stentless valve prosthesis increases the risk of heart block and the requirement for permanent cardiac pacing. Multivariate predictors of requirement for permanent pacemaker
Abstract NG07: Immunomodulatory and tumor cell killing effects of the demethylating agent 5-azacytidine in ovarian cancer
Authors: Katherine B. Chiappinelli, Pamela Strissel, Ray-Whay Chiu Yen, Huili Li, Meredith L. Stone, Lauren Murphy, Benjamin Akman, Cynthia A. Zahnow, Reiner Strick, Stephen B. Baylin
Journal: Cancer Research (2015)

Abstract _ Citation Format: Katherine B. Chiappinelli, Pamela Strissel, Ray-Whay Chiu Yen, Huili Li, Meredith L. Stone, Lauren Murphy, Benjamin Akman, Cynthia A. Zahnow, Reiner Strick, Stephen B. Baylin. Immunomodulatory and tumor cell killing effects of the demethylating agent 5-azacytidine in ovarian cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr NG07. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-NG07
Abstract 12848: Estrogen Potentiates Cardiac Anti-Hypertrophy/Remodeling From Cyclic GMP-PDE5 Inhibition
Authors: Hideyuki Sasaki, Takahiro Nagayama, Guangshuo Zhu, Manling Zhang, Dong I Lee, Virginia Shalkey, Norimichi Koitabashi, Djahida Bedja, Kathleen L Gabrielson, David A Kass, Eiki Takimoto
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Background PDE5 inhibitor sildenafil (SIL) activates cGMP-PKG and ameliorates cardiac hypertrophy/remodeling in male mice pressure-overload model, associated with de-activation of Gq signaling. Ant...