tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Changes in Arterial Oxygenation and Self-Reported Oxygen Use after Lung Volume Reduction Surgery
Authors: Margaret L. Snyder, Christopher H. Goss, Blazej Neradilek, Nayak L. Polissar, Zab Mosenifar, Robert A. Wise, Alfred P. Fishman, Joshua O. Benditt
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2008)

Lung volume reduction surgery (LVRS) is inconsistently reported to improve arterial oxygenation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.We studied the effects of surgery on oxygenation in a large cohort and identified predictors of postoperative oxygenation improvement.We evaluated oxygenation in 1,078 subjects with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease enrolled in the National Emphysema Treatment Trial after LVRS compared with medical control subjects, including arterial blood gases, use of supplemental oxygen during treadmill walking, and self-reported use of oxygen during rest, exertion, and sleep.Pa(O(2)) breathing room air was equal in medical and surgical subjects at baseline (64.8 vs. 65.0 mm Hg, P = not significant), but lower in medical subjects at 6 months (63.6 vs. 70.0 mm Hg, P < 0.001), 12 months (63.9 vs. 68.7 mm Hg, P < 0.001), and 24 months (62.4 vs. 68.0 mm Hg, P < 0.001). Fewer medical subjects required oxygen for treadmill walking at baseline compared with surgical subjects (46 vs. 53%, P = 0.02). However, more medical subjects required oxygen for this activity at 6 months (49 vs. 33%, P < 0.001), 12 months (50 vs. 36%, P < 0.001), and 24 months (52 vs. 42%, P = 0.02). Self-reported oxygen use was greater in medical than in surgical subjects at 6, 12, and 24 months. Multivariate modeling of preoperative characteristics showed baseline oxygenation status was the best predictor of postoperative oxygenation.LVRS increases Pa(O(2)), and decreases treadmill and self-reported use of oxygen for up to 24 months post-procedure. Clinical trial registered with www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT 00000606).
Randomised controlled comparative study of methyldopa and oxprenolol in treatment of hypertension in pregnancy.
Authors: J Fidler, V Smith, P Fayers, M De Swiet
Journal: BMJ (1983)

One hundred pregnant women with hypertension (defined as diastolic blood pressure at or above 95 mm Hg) were allocated at random to treatment with methyldopa or oxprenolol and were compared with nonhypertensive controls matched according to parity and gestation at delivery. The patients were also stratified into those entering the study early (before 32 weeks9 gestation) and those entering late (after 32 weeks9 gestation). Although there were no differences in diastolic blood pressure between the hypertensive groups before or during treatment, in the early entry group the systolic blood pressure at entry of those allocated to oxprenolol was significantly higher than that of those receiving methyldopa; this difference remained throughout the treatment period. Also in the early entry group further increments of drug treatment were required to control blood pressure of patients receiving oxprenolol than in those receiving methyldopa. The eventual fetal outcome for all patients treated with methyldopa was the same as that for those treated with oxprenolol; birth weight, placental weight, head circumference, and Apgar score were not significantly different and there were no stillbirths in either group.
Iodine Deficiency and Fetal Brain Damage
Authors: Basil S. Hetzel
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1994)

Iodine deficiency is by far the most common preventable cause of mental deficits in the world. The evidence for this statement has emerged from a variety of disciplines, including epidemiology, endocrinology, and neurology.1 The most severe effect of iodine deficiency is endemic cretinism, which is characterized by the combination of mental deficiency, deaf-mutism, and motor rigidity or, less commonly, by severe hypothyroidism. The two forms are often referred to as neurologic cretinism and hypothyroid cretinism, respectively. They may occur separately or together.1 Both types of cretinism are associated with iodine deficiency that is sufficiently severe to cause goiter in 30 . . .
Occult lymphoma cells prevalent in autologous marrow from non‐Hodgkin's diffuse lymphoma
Authors: Junkichi Yokoyama, Yoshiaki Fujimiya, Toshikazu Yamaguchi, Kiyoto Shiga, Yoshio Saijo, Debra S. Groveman, John A. McBain, Youichi Suzuki, Takusaburo Ebina
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2003)

The most effective treatment for recurrent non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) appears to be a high-dose cytotoxic chemotherapy (HDC) followed by autologous bone marrow transplantation (ABMT). However, it has been suggested that the presence of occult lymphoma cells in harvested marrow may be responsible for a significant fraction of treatment failures after HDC/ABMT. The present study examined randomly accrued NHL patients, independent of their cytogenic grades, for the presence of cells bearing bcl-2/immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgH) gene rearrangements in lymph node (LN) biopsies and the bone marrow by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Southern blot hybridization combined with a classical culturing technique. Among 41 NHL patients examined, bcl-2/IgH translocations were evident in LN biopsies and marrow from each of 10 follicular lymphoma patients, but not in any samples from 31 newly diagnosed diffuse lymphoma patients. Marrow aspirates from several patients that were cultured using a one-week "triggering culture" followed by an extended period of conventional culture resulted in emergence of a monoclonal, IgH-rearranged, bcl-2-normal lymphoid cell population. Such outgrowth was specifically seen in cultures of diffuse lymphoma marrow (7 of 28 evaluable patients). Southern analysis for IgH rearrangement within LN biopsies and of cells cultured from marrow of individual diffuse lymphoma patients produced identical patterns, suggesting that the occult lymphoma cells present in harvested marrow were derived from the predominant lymphoma cell population represented within involved lymph nodes. The culture of histologically occult lymphoma from diagnostic marrow and analysis of the derived cells by Southern blot hybridization can be used to detect potentially aggressive lymphoma cells within harvested marrow, despite their lack of bcl-2 gene rearrangement.
Localized morphoea, xanthomatosis and primary biliary cirrhosis
Authors: J.R. Reed, N. De Luca, A.S. McIntyre, J.D. Wilkinson
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2000)

Journal Article Localized morphoea, xanthomatosis and primary biliary cirrhosis Get access J.R. Reed, J.R. Reed Department of Dermatology, Amersham Hospital, Whielden Street, Amersham HP7 0JD, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar N. De Luca, N. De Luca Department of Gastroenterology, Wycombe Hospital, High Wycombe HP11 2TT, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A.S. McIntyre, A.S. McIntyre Department of Gastroenterology, Wycombe Hospital, High Wycombe HP11 2TT, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J.D. Wilkinson J.D. Wilkinson Department of Dermatology, Amersham Hospital, Whielden Street, Amersham HP7 0JD, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 143, Issue 3, 1 September 2000, Pages 652–653, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2000.03732.x Published: 01 September 2000
Reconstructive surgery is often needed after obesity surgery
Authors: Chidi C Ekwobi, Adam R Greenbaum
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Kral discusses the surgical management of obesity and the many benefits but did not mention post-bariatric reconstructive surgery.1 After bariatric surgery, patients usually experience a drastic loss of weight (50-70 kg is a common amount in our experience) over a very short period of time, for which the elasticity in their skin cannot compensate. …
Bacterial translocation is downregulated by anti-TNF-α monoclonal antibody administration in rats with cirrhosis and ascites
Authors: Rubén Francés, Maite Chiva, Elisabet Sánchez, José M. González-Navajas, Teresa Llovet, Pedro Zapater, Germán Soriano, Carlos Muñoz, Joaquín Balanzó, Miguel Pérez-Mateo, Xiao-yu Song, Carlos Guarner, José Such
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2006)
Hallucinations in association with ceftazidime.
Authors: M. F. al-Zahawi, M. S. Sprott, D. J. Hendrick
Journal: BMJ (1988)

with comparisons following on a regional basis in England, where travelling expenses were usually funded either regionally or by districts.Indeed, some may claim that the whole intercomparison procedure would still be under consideration, rather than in progress, without this Scottish initiative.
1214 MULTIPLE MUTATIONS IN DOMAIN II OF NS5A IDENTIFIED IN GENOTYPE 2/3 VITAL-1 STUDY BREAKTHROUGH PATIENTS ARE REQUIRED TO REDUCE SUSCEPTIBILITY TO ALISPORIVIR IN VITRO
Authors: J.M. Pawlotsky, D. Chen, Y. Tang, W. Bao, J. Ke, J. Yu, K. Lin, B. Wiedmann, K.A. Wong, C.T. Jones, C. Avila, N.V. Naoumov, B. Li
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
Severe immune-mediated drug-induced liver injury linked to ibandronate: A case report
Authors: Nicolas Goossens, Laurent Spahr, Laura Rubbia-Brandt
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)

Ibandronate is a widely used bisphosphonate with no previously well documented hepatotoxicity. We report the first case of ibandronate-related hepatotoxicity and, to our knowledge, the first case of immune-mediated drug-induced liver injury (DILI) related to bisphosphonates.
Indian government plans tougher tobacco laws
Authors: G Nandan
Journal: BMJ (1994)

The Indian government has drafted antitobacco legislation aimed at curbing India's rising consumption of tobacco. The legislation, which will be introduced to parliament at its next sitting, seeks to ban all advertisements for tobacco products; prohibit smoking in public; and extend statutory warnings to non-cigarette products of tobacco, which account for nearly 80% of all tobacco consumed in the country.

The legislation, prepared by the ministry of health and family welfare in consultation with the law ministry, also seeks to ban the sale of tobacco within a radius of 100m of all educational institutions, medical colleges, and hospitals. The new rules will …
Alternatives to Hysterectomy for Menorrhagia
Authors: Karen J. Carlson, Isaac Schiff
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1996)

Menorrhagia (also termed hypermenorrhea) is a common problem among women of reproductive age. One quarter of middle-aged British women studied in household surveys reported heavy menstrual bleeding that has interfered with their lives.1 Menorrhagia is the presenting symptom for the majority of women who undergo hysterectomy, which remains the most common nonobstetrical major surgical procedure in the United States. Pressure from patients for less radical methods of treatment and from insurers to reduce costs has focused attention on alternatives to hysterectomy.Menorrhagia may be caused by uterine fibroids, polyps, or other anatomical or systemic disorders, but it is theorized to . . .
The Blot Upon the Brain; Studies in History and Psychology.
Authors: William Wotherspoon Ireland
Journal: JAMA (1893)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Effect of posture on upper airway dimensions in normal human.
Authors: M A Jan, I Marshall, N J Douglas
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1994)

Posture has a major effect on breathing during sleep. Snoring, hypopneas, and apneas are all more common lying than sitting and more common supine than in a lateral lying position. Because the effect of the lateral lying position on upper airway caliber has not previously been studied, we examined this in 20 normal awake subjects and also determined the effect of neck position. The acoustic reflection technique was used. Pharyngeal cross-sectional areas (CSA) fell significantly from the sitting to supine position (oropharyngeal junction, from 1.65 +/- [SEM] 0.6 cm to 1.31 +/- 0.07 cm), but there was no difference in CSA between the supine and lateral positions for oropharyngeal junction (1.36 +/- 0.06 cm), mean pharyngeal area, maximal pharyngeal area, or pharyngeal volume. Neck hyper-extension significantly increased pharyngeal CSA (e.g., oropharyngeal junction null position 1.51 +/- 0.08, hyper-extension 1.94 +/- 0.11 cm), but there was no significant effect of neck flexion on airway CSA. These results confirm that in normal awake subjects, pharyngeal areas are smaller lying than sitting but also showed no significant difference between CSA in the supine and lateral lying positions. The study also demonstrates that the upper airway caliber increases with neck extension in conscious adults.
EPILEPSY AND MURDER
Authors: Samuel Livingston
Journal: JAMA (1964)

The "average reader" who has recently been exposed to the many newspaper articles relative to the Jack Ruby murder trial can understandably get the impression that epilepsy, murder, and crimes of passion are related. Many of my epileptic patients and also many employers of persons with epilepsy have contacted me. They cannot help but wonder if some such frightful thing could be perpetrated by them—or upon them. Since I have spent a medical career dealing with epileptic patients, I feel a sincere responsibility to express my opinion on this subject. To my knowledge, there are no reports in the current medical literature which prove that there is a higher rate of criminal action among epileptics than among other individuals. My observations are in agreement with the ings of Alström,<sup>1</sup>who investigated the relationship between criminality and epilepsy and reported as follows: "In a modern text-book of neurology published in
Biliary and urinary excretion of sulfated, glucuronidated and tetrahydroxylated bile acids in cirrhotic patients
Authors: Adolf Stiehl, Richard Raedsch, Gerda Rudolph, Ursula Gundert-Remy, Martin Senn
Journal: Hepatology (1985)

In patients with hepatobiliary diseases, considerable amounts of sulfated and glucuronidated bile acids are excreted in urine. Information on the biliary excretion of these compounds is lacking. We used an intestinal perfusion method to determine the biliary excretion of sulfated and glucuronidated bile acids in eight patients with alcoholic cirrhosis and moderately severe cholestasis and compared results with urinary excretion rates. In bile, the patients excreted 508.7 mumoles per hr (mean) nonsulfated, nonglucuronidated bile acids, 8.1 mumoles per hr sulfated bile acids and 4.0 mumoles per hr glucuronidated bile acids. In urine, these patients excreted 0.27 mumoles per hr nonsulfated, nonglucuronidated bile acids, 0.88 mumoles per hr sulfated bile acids and 0.02 mumoles per hr glucuronidated bile acids. Sulfates and glucuronides of mono-, di- and trihydroxy bile acids were detected in urine and bile. In urine, tetrahydroxy bile acids were only excreted as nonsulfated and nonglucuronidated forms. The bile:urine excretion ratio of sulfated bile acids was 9:1 and of glucuronidated bile acids was 226:1. In alcoholic cirrhosis with cholestasis, biliary excretion is an important excretory route of sulfated and glucuronidated bile acids.
Successful alpha‐2b‐interferon therapy for chronic neutrophilic leukemia
Authors: S. Meyer, W. Feremans, B. Cantiniaux, P. Capel, K. Huygen, M. Dicato
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1993)

The authors report two patients with characteristic features of chronic neutrophilic leukemia (CNL) treated with alpha-2b-interferon (IFN) (Schering-Plough). At initiation of therapy, both patients had progressive disease and presented with large tumors. A rapid reduction of the tumor mass and a long-term stabilisation of the myeloproliferative disorder was obtained (therapy duration 16 and 26 months, respectively, and presently ongoing). In one patient, the dose of IFN could be significantly reduced during maintenance without relapse. Neither presented infectious or hemorrhagic complications under therapy. Alpha-2b-interferon is active and safe in CNL, even pretreated and progressive. It can also correct the neutrophil and natural killer functional defects frequently observed in CNL.
Immunological Mechanisms in Chronic Thyroiditis.
Authors: Noel R. Rose
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1964)

s1 February 1964Immunological Mechanisms in Chronic Thyroiditis.Noel R. Rose, Ph.D.Noel R. Rose, Ph.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-60-2-329_3 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptA large majority of patients suffering from various forms of chronic thyroiditis develop one or more manifestations of auto-immune response: (1) precipitating auto-antibodies to thyroglobulin, (2) complement fixing antibodies to thyroid cell particulates, (3) cytotoxic antibodies to living thyroid cell cultures, or (4) dermal hypersensitivity to thyroid extract. Most adults with hypothyroidism show similar responses, as does smaller proportion of patients with hyperthyroidism or carcinoma of the thyroid. A few apparently normal individuals possess thyroid auto-antibodies, usually in low titer. Autologous thyroglobulin, injected under proper conditions, can produce autosensitivity in experimental animals, providing an avenue of study to the pathogenetic... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Noel R. Rose, Ph.D.Affiliations: Buffalo, New York PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 February 1964Volume 60, Issue 2_Part_1Page: 329-329KeywordsAntibodiesCell culturesHypersensitivityHyperthyroidismHypothyroidismParticulatesPathogensThyroglobulinThyroidThyroid carcinoma ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 February 1964 PDF downloadLoading ...
Prostaglandin E2 reduces radiation-induced epithelial apoptosis through a mechanism involving AKT activation and bax translocation
Authors: Teresa G. Tessner, Filipe Muhale, Terrence E. Riehl, Shrikant Anant, William F. Stenson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2004)

Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) synthesis modulates the response to radiation injury in the mouse intestinal epithelium through effects on crypt survival and apoptosis; however, the downstream signaling events have not been elucidated. WT mice receiving 16,16-dimethyl PGE2 (dmPGE2) had fewer apoptotic cells per crypt than untreated mice. Apoptosis in Bax–/– mice receiving 12 Gy was approximately 50% less than in WT mice, and the ability of dmPGE2 to attenuate apoptosis was lost in Bax–/– mice. Positional analysis revealed that apoptosis in the Bax–/– mice was diminished only in the bax-expressing cells of the lower crypts and that in WT mice, dmPGE2 decreased apoptosis only in the bax-expressing cells. The HCT-116 intestinal cell line and Bax–/– HCT-116 recapitulated the apoptotic response of the mouse small intestine with regard to irradiation and dmPGE2. Irradiation of HCT-116 cells resulted in phosphorylation of AKT that was enhanced by dmPGE2 through transactivation of the EGFR. Inhibition of AKT phosphorylation prevented the reduction of apoptosis by dmPGE2 following radiation. Transfection of HCT-116 cells with a constitutively active AKT reduced apoptosis in irradiated cells to the same extent as in nontransfected cells treated with dmPGE2. Treatment with dmPGE2 did not alter bax or bcl-x expression but suppressed bax translocation to the mitochondrial membrane. Our in vivo studies indicate that there are bax-dependent and bax-independent radiation-induced apoptosis in the intestine but that only the bax-dependent apoptosis is reduced by dmPGE2. The in vitro studies indicate that dmPGE2, most likely by signaling through the E prostaglandin receptor EP2, reduces radiation-induced apoptosis through transactivation of the EGFR and enhanced activation of AKT and that this results in reduced bax translocation to the mitochondria.
Design Issues in Randomized Phase II/III Trials
Authors: Edward L. Korn, Boris Freidlin, Jeffrey S. Abrams, Susan Halabi
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2012)

Phase II trials are used to show sufficient preliminary activity of a new treatment (in single-arm designs or randomized screening designs) or to select among treatments with demonstrated activity (in randomized selection designs). The treatments prioritized in a phase II trial are then tested definitively against a control treatment in a randomized phase III trial. Randomized phase II/III trials use an adaptive trial design that combines these two types of trials in one, with potential gains in time and reduced numbers of patients required to be treated. Two key considerations in designing a phase II/III trial are whether to suspend accrual while the phase II data mature and the choice of phase II target treatment effect. We discuss these phase II/III design parameters, give examples of phase II/III trials, and provide recommendations concerning efficient phase II/III trial designs.
THE HOSPITAL TRAINING OF INTERNS
Authors: HAROLD L. FOSS
Journal: JAMA (1931)

The present medical school enrolment in the United States (1930) is the largest in twenty years, totaling 21,597 students. There are eighty-seven approved medical colleges in the United States, Philippine Islands and Canada, eleven requiring that students shall have completed a fifth year as intern in an approved hospital before the degree of Doctor of Medicine will be granted, while sixteen states, including the Territory of Alaska and the District of Columbia, require an intern year before the license may be applied for. In 1930, 4,561 students graduated in medicine, 119 more than in 1929. There are at present in this country 648 hospitals approved for intern training, with a total of 193,557 beds furnishing service for 5,496 interns. These internships, which become available and are filled each July, have all been carefully surveyed by the Council on Medical Education and Hospitals of the American Medical Association. Many of the