tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Risk of Fever After Pediatric Trivalent Inactivated Influenza Vaccine and 13-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine
Authors: Melissa S. Stockwell, Karen Broder, Philip LaRussa, Paige Lewis, Nadira Fernandez, Devindra Sharma, Angela Barrett, Jose Sosa, Claudia Vellozzi
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2014)

An observational study found an increased risk of febrile seizure on the day of or 1 day after vaccination (days 0-1) with trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (TIV) in the 2010-2011 season; risk was highest with simultaneous vaccination with TIV and 13-valent pneumococcal vaccine (PCV13) in children who were 6 to 23 months old. Text messaging is a novel method for surveillance of adverse events after immunization that has not been used for hypothesis-driven vaccine safety research.To prospectively evaluate whether children receiving TIV and PCV13 simultaneously had higher rates of fever on days 0 to 1 than those receiving either product without the other.Prospective observational cohort study of parents of children 6 to 23 months old recruited from 3 medical center-affiliated clinics in New York City from November 1, 2011, through April 5, 2012. A total of 530 of 614 eligible participants (86.3%) were enrolled. Parents were texted on the night of vaccination (day 0) and the 7 subsequent nights (days 1-7) to report their child's temperature. We used log-binomial regression to calculate adjusted relative risks (aRRs) and excess risk for fever on days 0 to 1, adjusted for age group, past influenza vaccination and simultaneous receipt of selected inactivated vaccines.Receipt of TIV and/or PCV13.Temperature of 38°C or higher on days 0 to 1 after vaccination.On days 0 to 1, children receiving TIV and PCV13 simultaneously had higher rates (37.6%) of fever (temperature ≥38°C) than those receiving TIV (7.5%; aRR, 2.69; 95% CI, 1.30-5.60) or PCV13 (9.5%; aRR, 2.67; 95% CI, 1.25-5.66). The excess risk of fever after TIV and PCV13 was 20 and 23 per 100 vaccinations compared with TIV without PCV13 and PCV13 without TIV, respectively. Fever rates for days 2 to 7 were similar across groups. For days 0 to 1, 74.8% of the text messages were confirmed delivered; for another 9.0%, delivery status was unknown. Response rates were 95.1% and 90.9% for days 0 and 1 for confirmed delivered messages, respectively.Simultaneous TIV and PCV13 administration was associated with higher transient increased fever risk than administration of either vaccine without the other product. Text messaging to prospectively assess a specific vaccine adverse event has potential for enhancing prelicensure and postlicensure monitoring of adverse events after immunization and deserves further study.clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT01467934.
Amnesty says human rights have been eclipsed by “war on terror”
Authors: Lynn Eaton
Journal: BMJ (2006)

<h3>Abstract</h3> The tetrapod limb is a stunning example of evolutionary diversity, with dramatic variation not only among distantly related species, but also between the serially homologous forelimbs (FLs) and hindlimbs (HLs) within species. Despite this variation, highly conserved genetic and developmental programs underlie limb development and identity in all tetrapods, raising the question of how limb diversification is generated from a conserved toolkit. In some breeds of domestic pigeon, shifts in the expression of two conserved limb identity transcription factors, <i>PITX1</i> and <i>TBX5</i>, are associated with the formation of feathered HLs with partial FL identity. To determine how modulation of <i>PITX1</i> and <i>TBX5</i> expression affects downstream gene expression, we compared the transcriptomes of embryonic limb buds from pigeons with scaled and feathered HLs. We identified a set of differentially expressed genes enriched for genes encoding transcription factors, extracellular matrix proteins, and components of developmental signaling pathways with important roles in limb development. A subset of the genes that distinguish scaled and feathered HLs are also differentially expressed between FL and scaled HL buds in pigeons, pinpointing a set of gene expression changes downstream of <i>PITX1</i> and <i>TBX5</i> in the partial transformation from HL to FL identity. We extended our analyses by comparing pigeon limb bud transcriptomes to chicken, anole lizard, and mammalian datasets to identify deeply conserved <i>PITX1</i>- and <i>TBX5</i>-regulated components of the limb identity program. Our analyses reveal a suite of predominantly low-level gene expression changes that are conserved across amniotes to regulate the identity of morphologically distinct limbs. <h3>Summary statement</h3> In feather-footed pigeons, mutant alleles of <i>PITX1</i> and <i>TBX5</i> drive the partial redeployment of an evolutionarily conserved forelimb genetic program in the hindlimb.
Endogenous Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone and Radioactive Iodine Uptake in Normal Subjects
Authors: Patricio González, Rodrigo Jaimovich, Verónica Araya, Teresa Massardo, Alberto Carmona
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2012)

In 105 normal volunteers, 52 male and 53 female, mean age 45 (range, 20–68), serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) (1.46 ± 0.7; range, 0.43–3.87 microUI/mL) and 24-hour thyroid radioactive iodine uptake (RAIU) (16.15% ± 4.78% range, 6.45%–30.08%) were measured. Additionally, TSH was 1.18 ± 0.5 microUI/mL for 20 to 29 year-olds and 1.59 ± 0.9 microUI/mL for 60 to 68 year old (P = 0.037). RAIU was 18.30 ± 4.5 for 20 to 29-year-olds and 14.92 ± 3.1 for 60 to 68 year-olds (P = 0.009). TSH trends positively and RAIU at 24 hours correlates negatively with aging of the pituitary axis.
Experts suggest ways to tackle shortage of sperm donors
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Pilots are to be run in two areas of England to test the feasibility of a national sperm donation service in an effort to tackle the shortage of sperm donors. The Department of Health is to seek bids for the trial runs. Mark Hamilton, the consultant gynaecologist who chaired the working party of the British Fertility Society that recommended a national hub and spoke service last year, said, “We desperately need a national service framework. The closest analogy is the blood service. A very similar system could be put in place for sperm.”

The number of men volunteering to …
Dynamics of Thiocyanate Dialyses
Authors: Lamont E. Danzig
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1955)

THE thiocyanates have been used widely in the treatment of hypertension.1 They produce a significant drop in blood pressure in about 50 per cent of patients, and they often succeed in controlling hypertensive headaches that are resistant to other forms of treatment.2 A serious drawback to their use, however, has been the high frequency of serious toxic effects, some of which have been fatal.3 It has been estimated that 14,000 pounds of this drug were consumed in the United States for medicinal purposes alone in 1952.4 Its use in foreign countries is estimated to be even greater.The toxic reactions . . .
Steroid-resistant asthma. Cellular mechanisms contributing to inadequate response to glucocorticoid therapy.
Authors: E R Sher, D Y Leung, W Surs, J C Kam, G Zieg, A K Kamada, S J Szefler
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1994)

The current study examined whether alterations in glucocorticoid receptor (GR) binding contribute to poor response to glucocorticoid therapy in asthma. 29 asthma patients with forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) < 70% predicted were studied. Patients were classified as steroid sensitive (SS) if their morning FEV1 increased > 30% after a 1-wk course of oral prednisone 20 mg twice daily and steroid resistant (SR) if they failed to increase > 15%. PBMC obtained from these two groups, 17 SR and 12 SS, as well as 12 normal controls were analyzed. SR patients had two distinguishable GR binding abnormalities: 15 of the 17 SR patients demonstrated a significantly reduced GR binding affinity, as compared with SS patients (P = 0.0001) and normal controls (P = 0.0001). This defect was localized to T cells and reverted to normal after 48 h in culture media. However, incubation with a combination of IL-2 and IL-4 sustained this abnormality. The other two SR patients had an abnormally low GR number with normal binding affinity that was not limited to T cells. Furthermore, GR number failed to normalize after incubation in media alone or IL-2 and IL-4. Therefore, SR asthma may be due to more than one abnormality, the majority related to a reversible cytokine-induced reduction in GR binding affinity and the second related to an irreversible reduction in GR number. These findings may have important implications for the design of alternative treatment approaches for recalcitrant asthma.
Characterization of toxicokinetics and toxicodynamics with linear systems theory: application to lead-associated cognitive decline.
Authors: J M Links, B S Schwartz, D Simon, K Bandeen-Roche, W F Stewart
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2001)

We present a theoretical approach to analysis of toxicokinetics and toxicodynamics using linear systems theory. In our approach, we define two impulse response functions that characterize the kinetic behavior of an environmental agent in the body and the dynamic time-course behavior of its effect on the body. This approach provides a formalism for understanding the relation among exposure, dose, and cumulative biologically effective dose and for understanding the implications of an effect time-course on cross-sectional and longitudinal data analyses. We use lead-associated cognitive decline as a specific example where the approach may be applied.
In Vellore, Tamil Nadu
Authors: Marsha A. Kunin
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
PI3 Kinase Pathway Analysis in Tissue Microarrays Using Laser Capture Microdissection and Immunohistochemistry.
Authors: H. Gardner, P. Nuciforo, W. Liu, B. Lee, J. Rheinhardt, C. Barrett, R. Linnartz, M. Dugan, W. Eiermann, T. Pienkowski, M. Martin, N. Robert, J. Forbes, M. Buyse, R. Finn, M. Lindsay, D. Slamon, M. Press
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Background. During the performance of the BCIRG trials primary patient tumor samples were obtained from paraffin blocks and assembled into 15 tissue microarrays, including 3000 samples from trial 005 (adjuvant taxol in Her2- node positive patients), 2200 in 006 (adjuvant herceptin in Her2+ high risk patients) and 300 in 007 (addition of platinum in Her2+ first line therapy). This array set was prepared prospectively, in anticipation of molecular epidemiologic studies of a variety of targets in relation to outcome. In order to address the potentially important role of the PIK3CA pathway in modulating outcome in different clinical situations we assessed components of the PIK3CA pathway by various methods.Methods. We analysed the expression of PTEN, Cyclin D1, p53 and Stathmin by immunohistochemistry using standard methods. All markers were scored by histoscore. Phospho S6 240 and phospho Akt 473 were assessed simultaneously by quantum dot immunofluorescence using automated image capture and segmentation. PIK3CA mutations were evaluated using SnaPshot analysis of laser captured TMA spots in a subset of approximately 2000 samples.Results. In the samples analyzed PIK3CA mutation had an incidence of 23%, with 9% being mutations in exon 9 and 13% in exon 20, with 0.5% being mutant in both exons. Initial analysis of the results prior to outcome analysis indicated that Stathmin expression, while being a robust marker with good dynamic range, did not appear to correlate with PTEN loss by IHC or with PIK3CA mutation.Conclusions. PIK3CA mutational analysis is feasible from TMA cores and gives mutation incidences similar to the published literature for archival material. Relationships of markers with outcome will be presented. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 4043.
Changing Intravenous Tubing Containing Burettes
Authors: Adele Josephson
Journal: JAMA (1985)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> While the efforts of Gorbea and colleagues<sup>1</sup>to define safe infection control practice is laudable, I found their application of statistical methods faulty. Their study<sup>1</sup>examined the safety of changing intravenous (IV) tubing containing burettes at 48 hours instead of the usual 24 hours. Since contamination was the end point studied, interest is in contamination rates at 24 hours in the 24-hour group and contamination rates at 48 hours in the 48-hour group. Even if the McNemar test were capable of showing independence between the 24- and 48-hour specimens in the 48-hour group, the 24-hour specimen results do not contribute to the determination of safety at 48 hours and are irrelevent. In fact, they only inappropriately inflate the denominator.<sup>2</sup>Using the data in Table 2 and the text,<sup>1</sup>I calculate that there were five positive 48-hour cultures. If all 118 burettes had a 48-hour culture,
New Observations in Erythroblastosis Fetalis
Authors: Richard L. Naeye
Journal: JAMA (1967)

A quantitative morphologic study has been made of body size, organ size, and cellular structure in 23 newborn infants with erythroblastosis fetalis. Spleen, liver, heart, and adrenals were enlarged for gestational age while thymus, brain, and lymph nodes were subnormal in size. The quantitative analysis revealed a hyperplasia of myocardial fibers, of pancreatic islet cells, and of fetal zone adrenal cortical cells. Islet cells and adrenal cortical cells were hypertrophic while cells in other organs had normal dimensions. Individual aspects of these morphologic abnormalities resemble features of other disorders and in some instances a similar pathogenesis may exist.
Treatment of Lice
Authors: Robert Auerbach
Journal: JAMA (1975)

To the Editor.—  This is in regard to the answer to the question about pediculosis capitis (232:74, 1975): (1) Gamma benzene hexachloride shampoo used once is almost 100% effective in killing lice and eggs. (2) Removal of nits is unnecessary, very difficult, uncomfortable, and painful if hairs are pulled out in the process. Attempts at removal add to emotional distress of having pediculosis capitis, as does the shave-the-head threat.  Children may return to school, with the dead nits, immediately after a benzene hexachloride shampoo. A school epidemic may be controlled by having everyone shampoo their hair on the same night.
ACE insertion/deletion polymorphism in sepsis and acute respiratory distress syndrome
Authors: J. J. Brugts, C. A. Den Uil
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2008)

With great interest, we read the article by Villar et al., who investigated the angiotensin-converting enzyme insertion/deletion (ACE I/D) polymorphism in relationship to sepsis and acute respiratory syndrome (ARDS) in over 300 Spanish patients. The authors did not find an association between this polymorphism and susceptibility, and outcome in either severe sepsis or ARDS [1]. In our opinion, the authors’ explanation for this lack of association is not sufficiently discussed and we hope to open the discussion on this topic by raising several issues. First, the authors correctly noted that ACE is an important enzyme involved in cardiovascular homeostasis [2]. We are disappointed that the authors investigated only one (non-functional) polymorphism in the ACE-gene. Instead of investigating one polymorphism, we would have preferred analysis of common variation in the complete ACE-gene, which would have been easy and feasible in such a relatively small population. This would have significantly strengthened any associations between ACE-genotypes and sepsis. In addition, it is good to realize that the ACE I/D polymorphism is only responsible for less than 20% variation of plasma ACE levels. It is hard to believe that such a single polymorphism accounts for a significant causal effect on endpoints such as sepsis and ARDS, which are probably syndromes that are highly influenced by microbial characteristics and polygenetic factors. Second, the authors reported a statistical power of 76–85% using a sample size of 212 septic and 120 ARDS patients. An adequate study size and statistical power are necessary to exclude false negative or positive association studies. An important review article in this field recently addressed that a number of 2,000 patients with sepsis would be required to detect a mortality relative risk of 1.5 from any polymorphism [3]. Third, the authors did not fully explain why the ACE I/ D polymorphism could be important in sepsis, since individuals who have the DD-genotype usually have higher ACE levels relative to controls, whereas in septic ARDS patients markedly decreased plasma ACE levels have been observed [4, 5]. In this respect, it would have been nice if the authors would have correlated their findings to plasma ACE levels. Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited.
THE CONSEQUENCES OF HEPARIN USE IN PRIMARY PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION: INSIGHTS FROM THE BLUE CROSS BLUE SHIELD OF MICHIGAN CARDIOVASCULAR CONSORTIUM (BMC2)
Authors: Prashanth S. Katrapati, Marta Bande, Milan Seth, Samer Kazziha, Mark Zainea, Simon Dixon, David Wohns, James Mitchiner, Hitinder Gurm
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Understanding Diabetic Neuropathy
Authors: Arthur K. Asbury
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1988)

A tremendous amount of new knowledge about peripheral-nerve function and dysfunction has accumulated over the past 25 years. Advances have come from major technological developments in electrodiagnosis, the morphologic study of nerve, and the application of a wealth of new neurobiologic methods. The pathophysiology of neuropathic symptoms and signs is now reasonably well worked out, even at the single-fiber and membrane level, although the classification of polyneuropathies has become so complex that it is the province of experts.Despite the advances, understanding of the pathogenesis of peripheral neuropathies, particularly the axonal (as opposed to the demyelinating) polyneuropathies, has lagged far . . .
Proposal for the Reconsideration of the Definition of Gestational Diabetes
Authors: Lois Jovanovic
Journal: Diabetes Care (2006)

We thank Dawood for his comments (1) concerning our letter (2), in which we reported the results of our two populations (from Japan and California). Our results underscore the need for a unique diagnosis for those women with moderate to severe hyperglycemia and/or other evidence of long-standing diabetes complications, and thus the label of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is not adequate to identify …
Physiological profiles of elite badminton players: aspects of age and gender
Authors: Jan Heller
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2010)

In order to evaluate the physiological profile of elite badminton players, 54 males and 26 females, members of Czech senior and junior national teams had been examined by an incremental maximum treadmill exercise test (with constant 5% inclination, increment 1 km/h per min) at the end of the preparatory period. VO 2 max in junior male players (n=29, mean age 17.2± (SD 1.2) years) and in senior male players (n=25, 21.3±2.2 years) attained 64.6±4.3 and 63.2±3.7 ml/kg/min, respectively. In female players, there were also no differences in VO 2 max in junior (n=16, 17.6±0.8 years) and senior (n=10, 24.5±2.5 years) players: 54.9±2.5 and 55.2±2.6 ml/kg/min, respectively. The players were subdivided into internationally (IP) and nationally (NP) ranked subgroups. A comparison had shown that both male and female IP had lower body fat (p&lt;0.05) than NP. Male IP also exhibited higher forced vital capacity, maximum pulmonary ventilation and a higher maximum tidal volume (p&lt;0.05) than in NP. Both male and female IP and NP were not different in VO 2 max maximum running speed or T vent . The study indicates that elite badminton is associated with relatively low body fat and lean body build, both in males and females. Maximum treadmill exercise test in badminton players may provide basic physical condition data necessary to elite performance (eg, VO 2 max above 60 and 52 ml/kg/min, in male and female player, respectively). However, the results of laboratory treadmill testing seem to be a poor predictor with regard to the ability relative to internationally and/or nationally badminton game-play performance.
Mechanisms of T-Cell Functional Deficiency in the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
Authors: GERALD V. QUINNAN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1985)

Cell-mediated immune responses to cytomegalovirus infections were studied to define mechanisms for deficient effector T-cell responses in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Progressive cytomegalovirus infection is common in such patients and is accompanied by a failure to develop HLA-restricted cytotoxic T-cell responses. The mechanism for the cytotoxic T-cell deficiency is presumably the basis for susceptibility to opportunistic infections. Precursors to these effector cells circulate in the peripheral blood of patients, but maturation of these cells into cytotoxic T cells is arrested during an interleukin-2-dependent phase. Production of interleukin-2 by lymphocytes from patients with AIDS is deficient because sera from these patients contain an inhibitor of interleukin-2 production. Excess suppressor cell activity does not appear to account for this deficient production. Studies of the source of the serum inhibitor should provide insights into the pathogenesis of AIDS and possible leads for effective treatment.
Atypical Measles Acquired Abroad
Authors: John M. Zahradnik
Journal: JAMA (1979)

WITH the present-day upswing in international travel to six continents, physicians in the United States are likely to be faced with differential diagnostic considerations that include both truly exotic diseases and diseases that are rare because of our immunization practices. In this report, two young adults are described who contracted atypical measles during a European vacation. <h3>Report of Cases</h3><h3>Case 1.—</h3> On July 25, 1977, a 22-year-old woman noted the onset of a pruritic, erythematous, and papular rash on her wrists and abdomen during a flight that was bringing her and her family home from a three-week visit to Central Europe and England. Three days later, generalized aches, fever (temperature, 38.9 to 39.4 °C), chills, and headaches developed. These symptoms persisted for three days. Six days after her return home, she sought medical attention because of severe bilateral flank pain. Chest roentgenogram at this time was interpreted as normal. On