tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Role of Bone Marrow in Induction of Thymic Lymphomas by Neonatal Injection of 7,12- Dimethylbenz[&lt;italic&gt;a&lt;/italic&gt;]anthracene&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Ball Jk
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1968)

A single, neonatal injection of 12 μg 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) given to inbred Swiss mice resulted in a 31% incidence of thymic lymphomas. There was a highly significant increase in rate of appearance and final incidence of thymic lymphomas when bone marrow cells, taken from mice 3 days following the neonatal injection of 50 μg DMBA, were injected into 10-day-old mice previously treated with 12 μg DMBA at birth. A linear relationship was obtained between the number of DMBA-treated bone marrow cells transferred and the final thymic lymphoma incidence. Since 60 μg of DMBA injected into 7-day-old mice resulted in only a 26% incidence of thymic lymphomas, it is unlikely that the significant increase found was the result of transferred DMBA in the bone marrow cell preparation. Giving normal bone marrow cells to mice treated with 12 μg DMBA did not increase tumor incidence. Heated bone marrow cells from DMBA-treated donors also did not increase the tumor incidence in mice treated at birth with a low dose of DMBA. Bone marrow cells from DMBA-treated donors injected into normal 1- or 10-day-old recipients did not give rise to any tumors.
Terlipressin plus albumin versus midodrine and octreotide plus albumin in the treatment of hepatorenal syndrome: A randomized trial
Authors: Marta Cavallin, Patrick S. Kamath, Manuela Merli, Silvano Fasolato, Pierluigi Toniutto, Francesco Salerno, Mauro Bernardi, Roberto Giulio Romanelli, Cosimo Colletta, Freddy Salinas, Antonio Di Giacomo, Lorenzo Ridola, Ezio Fornasiere, Paolo Caraceni, Filippo Morando, Salvatore Piano, Angelo Gatta, Paolo Angeli
Journal: Hepatology (2015)

Hepatorenal syndrome (HRS), a serious complication of cirrhosis, is associated with high mortality without treatment. Terlipressin with albumin is effective in the reversal of HRS. Where terlipressin is not available, as in the United States, midodrine and octreotide with albumin are used as an alternative treatment of HRS. The aim was to compare the effectiveness of terlipressin plus albumin versus midodrine and octreotide plus albumin in the treatment of HRS in a randomized controlled trial. Twenty‐seven patients were randomized to receive terlipressin with albumin (TERLI group) and 22 to receive midodrine and octreotide plus albumin (MID/OCT group). The TERLI group received terlipressin by intravenous infusion, initially 3 mg/24 hours, progressively increased to 12 mg/24 hours if there was no response. The MID/OCT group received midodrine orally at an initial dose of 7.5 mg thrice daily, with the dose increased to a maximum of 12.5 mg thrice daily, together with octreotide subcutaneously: initial dose 100 μg thrice daily and up to 200 μg thrice daily. Both groups received albumin intravenously 1 g/kg of body weight on day 1 and 20‐40 g/day thereafter. There was a significantly higher rate of recovery of renal function in the TERLI group (19/27, 70.4%) compared to the MID/OCT group (6/21, 28.6%), P = 0.01. Improvement in renal function and lower baseline Model for End‐Stage Liver Disease score were associated with better survival. Conclusion : Terlipressin plus albumin is significantly more effective than midodrine and octreotide plus albumin in improving renal function in patients with HRS (H epatology 2015;62:567–574
Multiple myeloma: 2014 Update on diagnosis, risk‐stratification, and management
Authors: S. Vincent Rajkumar
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2014)

Disease overview : Multiple myeloma accounts for approximately 10% of hematologic malignancies. Diagnosis : The diagnosis requires 10% or more clonal plasma cells on bone marrow examination or a biopsy proven plasmacytoma plus evidence of associated end‐organ damage. If end‐organ damage is not present, the presence of 60% or more clonal plasma cells in the marrow is also considered as myeloma. Risk stratification : In the absence of concurrent trisomies, patients with 17p deletion, t(14;16), and t(14;20) are considered to have high‐risk myeloma. Patients with t(4;14) translocation are considered intermediate‐risk. All others are considered as standard‐risk. Risk‐adapted intial therapy : Standard‐risk patients can be treated with lenalidomide plus low‐dose dexamethasone (Rd), or a bortezomib‐containing triplet such as bortezomib, cyclophosphamide, dexamethasone (VCD). Intermediate‐risk and high‐risk patients require a bortezomib‐based triplet regimen. In eligible patients, initial therapy is given for approximately 4 months followed by autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT). Standard risk patients can opt for delayed ASCT if stem cells can be cryopreserved. In patients who are not candidates for transplant, initial therapy is given for approximately 12 to 18 months. Maintenance therapy : After initial therapy, lenalidomide maintenance is considered for standard risk patients who are not in very good partial response or better, while maintenance with a bortezomib‐based regimen should be considered in patients with intermediate or high risk myeloma. Management of refractory disease : Patients with indolent relapse can be treated first with 2‐drug or 3‐drug combinations. Patients with more aggressive relapse often require therapy with a combination of multiple active agents. Am. J. Hematol. 89:998–1009, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The prognostic role of OSA at the onset of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Pierluigi Carratù, Vitaliano N. Quaranta, Vito Liotino, Mario F. Damiani, Vito A. Falcone, Alberto Capozzolo, Anna Cassano, Onofrio Resta
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Background and aims: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive loss of central motorneurons, and peripheral motor neurons. Some studies have disclosed discordance between the presence of sleep apnea in ALS. An obstructive component also occurs with upper airways hypotonia and muscle weakness that may result in excessive reduction of airway lumen leading to obstructive sleep apneas (OSA). The aim of this study was to assess the role of obstructive apneic events at disease onset in the ALS prognosis.  Methods: a longitudinal retrospective study was conducted on 42 clinically diagnosed ALS patients. Population of patients was divided into two groups according to AHI-obstructive (AHIo) index: 20 patients with AHIo≥5 included group 1, and 22 patients with AHIo  Results: sniff nasal inspiratory pressure (SNIP) was significantly correlated to AHI (p  Conclusions: Our study highlights the importance of early diagnosis of sleep obstructive apneas in ALS population, allowing the identification of an ALS phenotype with presence of OSA (AHIo≥5), characterized by a worst prognosis.
No association of Chlamydia with abortion
Authors: A Feist, T Sydler, J-J O Gebbers, A Pospischil, F Guscetti
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (1999)

Case reports and serological work have raised the possibility that chlamydias can infect the placenta and thus harm the fetus. We investigated the involvement of Chlamydia in a series of 195 unselected cases of spontaneous abortion or miscarriage. Formalin-fixed placental tissues from all cases were examined immunohistochemically, for the presence of chlamydial lipopolysaccharide, as well as histopathologically. A serum sample was collected from 187 of the patients for detection of anti-chlamydial antibodies by microimmunofluorescence. All placental sections were negative for chlamydial antigen. Serological findings indicated that 8 patients had been in contact with C. trachomatis, 15 patients with C. pneumoniae, and none with C. psittaci. A few cases of perivillitis or intervillitis were detected, but none exhibited the intracytoplasmic inclusions typical of C. psittaci. Although these results are negative a search for Chlamydia in abortion materials should be encouraged.
Receptor Crosslinking: A General Method to Trigger Internalization and Lysosomal Targeting of Therapeutic Receptor:Ligand Complexes
Authors: Paul R Moody, Edward J Sayers, Johannes P Magnusson, Cameron Alexander, Paola Borri, Peter Watson, Arwyn T Jones
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2015)

A major unmet clinical need is a universal method for subcellular targeting of bioactive molecules to lysosomes. Delivery to this organelle enables either degradation of oncogenic receptors that are overexpressed in cancers, or release of prodrugs from antibody–drug conjugates. Here, we describe a general method that uses receptor crosslinking to trigger endocytosis and subsequently redirect trafficking of receptor:cargo complexes from their expected route, to lysosomes. By incubation of plasma membrane receptors with biotinylated cargo and subsequent addition of streptavidin to crosslink receptor:cargo–biotin complexes, we achieved rapid and selective lysosomal targeting of transferrin, an anti-MHC class I antibody, and the clinically approved anti-Her2 antibody trastuzumab. These three protein ligands each target a receptor with a distinct cellular function and intracellular trafficking profile. Importantly, we confirmed that crosslinking of trastuzumab increased lysosomal degradation of its cognate oncogenic receptor Her2 in breast cancer cell lines SKBR3 and BT474. These data suggest that crosslinking could be exploited for a wide range of target receptors, for navigating therapeutics through the endolysosomal pathway, for significant therapeutic benefit. A major unmet clinical need is a universal method for subcellular targeting of bioactive molecules to lysosomes. Delivery to this organelle enables either degradation of oncogenic receptors that are overexpressed in cancers, or release of prodrugs from antibody–drug conjugates. Here, we describe a general method that uses receptor crosslinking to trigger endocytosis and subsequently redirect trafficking of receptor:cargo complexes from their expected route, to lysosomes. By incubation of plasma membrane receptors with biotinylated cargo and subsequent addition of streptavidin to crosslink receptor:cargo–biotin complexes, we achieved rapid and selective lysosomal targeting of transferrin, an anti-MHC class I antibody, and the clinically approved anti-Her2 antibody trastuzumab. These three protein ligands each target a receptor with a distinct cellular function and intracellular trafficking profile. Importantly, we confirmed that crosslinking of trastuzumab increased lysosomal degradation of its cognate oncogenic receptor Her2 in breast cancer cell lines SKBR3 and BT474. These data suggest that crosslinking could be exploited for a wide range of target receptors, for navigating therapeutics through the endolysosomal pathway, for significant therapeutic benefit.
Pathogenesis of glomerular injury in the fawn-hooded rat
Authors: J L Simons, A P Provoost, M H De Keijzer, S Anderson, H G Rennke, B M Brenner
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (1993)

Fawn-hooded (FH) rats with congenital proteinuria and systemic and glomerular hypertension are very susceptible to renal damage at a young age. In this study, the effects of unilateral nephrectomy (UNX) on the function and structure of the remaining kidney in the FHH substrain were assessed. A long-term study was performed to determine the changes in systemic blood pressure, renal function, and proteinuria during the development of chronic renal failure in UNX-FHH and two-kidney (2K) FHH rats. Renal micropuncture and morphologic studies were performed at 4 wk after surgery. The long-term study showed that, after UNX, systolic blood pressure did not differ significantly (from that of 2K-FHH rats. After UNX, there was compensatory hyperfiltration, at about 70% of the 2K level, that could be maintained for 12 wk only. The subsequent fall in GFR was preceded by severe proteinuria. The mean survival time of UNX-FHH rats was only 35 wk. Micropuncture studies showed that the high mean glomerular capillary pressure of 2K-FHH rats was further elevated after UNX. The glomerular capillary ultrafiltration coefficient did not differ significantly between UNX-FHH and 2K-FHH rats. The weight of the remaining kidney and the mean glomerular tuft volume in UNX-FHH were, on average, 36 and 31% greater than in 2K rats. The results indicate that the FHH rat is extremely vulnerable to the adverse renal effects of UNX.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Human Biology and Racial Welfare.
Authors: E. V. Cowdry
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1930)

THIS book is addressed to the student about to specialise and to the general reader. It consists of twenty-five essays by eminent authorities in their own fields, and is divided into five parts leading from the origin of man to a consideration of his destiny. The contributions maintain a high scientific level and nevertheless are so written as to be easily understood by those not acquainted with technical terms. This is a somewhat remarkable achievement. But it may be asked whether the editor has not set himself'an impossible task. Though care has been exercised in arrangement, the effect cannot be other than to give the impression of a collection of scraps. The field is vast and those parts of it which are touched upon are briefly, sometimes very briefly, treated. There seems to be no reason why some problems are included and others omitted. The reader finds himself setting off on a number of journeys, and before he has got accustomed to the scenery he is off again in a new direction. Integration, which is presumably one of the objects of the book, is not achieved. Those to whom the book is addressed require a guiding thread, which perhaps could be given if the book was the work of one hand; but no one with a reputation to lose would attempt the task single-handed. A worthy attempt has been made to fill a gap which undoubtedly exists by the alternative method, but with a degree of success that is necessarily limited by the defects of that method.
Bronchial reactivity in patients with chronic renal failure undergoing haemodialysis
Authors: A Ferrer, J Roca, R Rodriguez-Roisin, J López-Pedret, L Revert
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1990)

We hypothesized that patients with chronic renal failure may present nonspecific bronchial hyperreactivity due to subclinical interstitial lung oedema. To assess lung function disturbances and methacholine (MTH) bronchial responsiveness in this condition, we studied 12 patients (9 men and 3 women; 41.8 +/- 13.3 yrs (SD] with chronic renal failure undergoing regular haemodialysis (HD). Before HD, mean results of conventional lung function tests were within the normal range: forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), 89 +/- 12.9% predicted; forced mid-expiratory flow (FEF25-75), 81 +/- 36.7% predicted; total lung capacity (TLC), 94 +/- 14.6% predicted, but 3 subjects presented mild reduction in lung volumes and 5 individuals showed mild obstructive ventilatory impairment. After HD, maximal expiratory flow rates increased significantly (FEV1, + 8.2 +/- 5.1% (p less than 0.005); FEF25-75, +26.2 +/- 25.9% (p less than 0.005]. Interestingly, these increases in FEV1 after HD correlated with body weight loss during HD (r = 0.74, p less than 0.01). In contrast, pre-HD bronchial reactivity was within the normal range (mean % change in FEV1 after MTH, -3.7 +/- 4.5%; range, +1- -14%) without significant changes in methacholine bronchial responsiveness after HD. We speculate that interstitial lung oedema may play a significant role in lung function impairment observed in patients with chronic renal failure. This study shows that nonspecific bronchial hyperreactivity is not present in clinically stable patients with this disorder.
Effect of almitrine bismesylate on pulmonary vasoreactivity to hypoxia in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: AY Saadjian, FF Philip-Joel, A Barret, S Levy, AG Arnaud
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1994)

The aim of this double-blind, placebo-controlled study was to determine whether acute administration of almitrine enhances hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Haemodynamics and blood gases were studied at various inspiratory fractional concentrations of oxygen (FIO2): 0.15, 0.21, 0.30 and 1.0, randomly administered for 20 min periods under constant infusion of either placebo or almitrine (8 micrograms.kg-1.min-1) in 20 patients with COPD. The almitrine group exhibited a significant increase in mean pulmonary artery pressure, pulmonary vascular resistance and arterial oxygen tension (PaO2) at FIO2 0.15, 0.21 and 0.30. During hypoxia, the increase in mean pulmonary pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance was three times greater in the almitrine group than the placebo group. No significant difference in cardiac output and systemic haemodynamics was found. These results suggest that almitrine at the dose used, enhances pulmonary vasoconstriction in COPD patients.
Endemic Burkitt's Lymphoma: Phenotypic Analysis of Tumor Biopsy Cells and of Derived Tumor Cell Lines2
Authors: C. M. Rooney, C. D. Gregory, M. Rowe, S. Finerty, C. Edwards, H. Rupani, A. B. Rickinson
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1986)

Tumor cells from 10 patients with Epstein-Barr virus-positive endemic Burkitt's lymphoma (BL) have been examined for cell surface phenotype, both at the biopsy stage and during BL cell line outgrowth in vitro, the cultures being followed for up to 150 passages. In all 10 cases, the biopsy cells showed coexpression of the common acute lymphoblastic leukemia antigen (CALLA) and of the BL-associated glycolipid antigen (BLA) with no accompanying expression of several "lymphoblastoid" cell surface markers defined by selected monoclonal antibodies. During cell line establishment and in vitro passage, the individual BL cell lines showed different degrees of progression toward a more "lymphoblastoid" cell surface phenotype, some even losing CALLA and BLA expression while retaining the chromosomal translocations indicative of their malignant origin. This differential capacity for phenotypic progression in vitro explains much, if not all, of the heterogeneity of the BL cell phenotype apparent from many previous studies with panels of long-established lines. Such heterogeneity in vitro belies the true homogeneity of the tumor cell phenotype in vivo.
Serum Protein-Bound Carbohydrates for Following the Course of Disease in Patients With Metastatic Breast Carcinoma&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: T. Phillip Waalkes, John E. Mrochek, Stanley R. Dinsmore, Douglas C. Tormey
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1978)

Serum protein-bound carbohydrates, L-fucose, sialic acid, D-galactose, and D-mannose, were measured as potential biologic markers in patients with breast cancer with the use of high-resolution anion exchange separation in combination with a sensitive cerate oxidimetric fluorescence detector system. For 22 randomly selected patients with proved metastatic breast cancer, both L-fucose and sialic acid levels were above the normal range in 21 patients (95%). In contrast, D-mannose was increased in the sera of 9 patients (41%), and D-galactose in 6 (27%). By comparison, the level of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) was elevated in 14 patients (64%). The levels for serially determined serum protein-bound carbohydrates paralleled objective changes of response or progression in 5 patients with measurable disease. As might be expected, the degree and pattern of elevation for the individual carbohydrates varied for each patient studied. Combinations of serum protein-bound carbohydrates, particularly L-fucose and sialic acid, and, in addition, CEA, appear to have promise as potential biomarkers for following the course of the disease in patients with metastatic breast cancer.
Tumor-Specific Inhibition of Growth of Methylcholanthrene-lnduced Sarcomas <italic>In Vivo</italic> and <italic>In Vitro</italic> by Sensitized Isologous Lymphoid Cells<xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN1">2</xref>
Authors: W. Rosenau, D. L. Morton
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1966)

The purpose of this study was to investigate and correlate the effect of sensitized isologous lymphoid cells from mice with tumor-specific immunity against methylcholanthrene-induced sarcomas on the growth of these tumors in vivo and in vitro. Viable sarcoma cells were inoculated into the hind legs of isologous mice, and the legs were amputated when the tumor had grown to a diameter of about 1.0 to 1.5 em. Direct challenge with known numbers of tumor cells demonstrated specific immunity against the neoplasm used for sensitization. Lymphoid cells from these immune mice inhibited the growth of the same tumor lines when they were introduced, with the tumor cells, into irradiated isologous mice. Such a protective effect against the tumor used for immunization could be shown by passive transfer in 5 of 6 tumor lines. Aliquots of the same lymphoid cell suspensions were also tested against explants of the same tumors in tissue culture. These lymphoid cells in vitro also suppressed the tumor cells. The specificity of the inhibition of the neoplasm in vitro was demonstrated. There was a close correlation between the inhibitory effect of sensitized lymphoid cells on tumors in vivo and the suppressive effect of such lymphoid cells on these neoplasms in tissue culture.
Drinking, Micturition Habits, and Urine Concentration as Potential Risk Factors in Urinary Bladder Cancer
Authors: D J Braver, M Modan, A Chêtrit, A Lusky, Z Braf
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1987)

Investigation of micturition and drinking habits in urban (n = 475) and rural (n = 156) working populations demonstrated less frequent micturition, decreased fluid intake, and a higher urine concentration in the urban as compared to the rural group. All these differences were significant (P<.01) by multivariate analysis, adjusting for age and sex differences. Drinking and micturition habits were similar in both sexes, but urine concentration was significantly lower in females (P<.01) in both the urban and rural groups. Incidence of bladder cancer is reportedly higher in urban versus rural populations and in males versus females, the differences being apparently unaccountable for by differences in smoking, an important risk factor for bladder cancer. Our findings of greater urine concentration and less frequent micturition (which augments urine contact with bladder epithelium) in high-risk groups for bladder cancer are consistent with the “urogenous contact hypothesis.” This hypothesis associates the etiology of bladder cancer with prolonged exposure to urine, on the basis of studies indicating carcinogenicity of urine. Further studies should indicate whether frequent drinking and urination are effective preventive measures against bladder cancer.