tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Inter-relationship of different types of respiratory symptoms in COPD
Authors: Paul W. Jones, Marc Miravitlles, Ferran Chuecos, Esther Garcia Gil, Rosa Lamarca
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Aim   To examine the relationship between respiratory symptoms and their consistency across subgroups.   Methods   Data were analysed from two, 6-month aclidinium/formoterol combination studies. Respiratory symptoms were assessed by the Exacerbations of Chronic Pulmonary Disease Tool-Respiratory Symptoms (E-RS), the Early Morning Symptoms of COPD questionnaire and the Nighttime Symptoms of COPD questionnaire. The latter both evaluate individual symptoms (cough, wheezing, shortness of breath and difficulty bringing-up phlegm) and have an overall COPD symptoms item; also assessed were: limitation to activity (morning) and nocturnal awakening due to COPD (nighttime). Subgroups tested were sex, age, smoking status, severity of airway obstruction (postbronchodilator FEV 1 /FVC  1  ≥50% predicted or postbronchodilator FEV 1 /FVC  1     Results   The worst scores were: breathlessness, and early morning and nighttime cough and breathlessness. Two factors account for 83% of variance (F1: 72%; F2: 11%). F1 consisted of wheezing, breathlessness, overall COPD symptoms and limitation of activity; F2 contained cough and phlegm. Morning, daytime or night symptoms always loaded onto the same factor. Subgroups had the same pattern except GOLD A and C. In GOLD A, F1 (60% variance) was driven by cough and phlegm, and F2 (16% variance) by breathlessness. In GOLD C, F1 (57% variance) consisted of breathlessness, wheezing and awakenings; F2 (16% variance) contained cough and overall COPD symptoms.   Conclusions   Most COPD symptoms, regardless of time of day, group into a single factor; cough and phlegm form a second factor.
Trends in risk of transfusion-transmitted viral infections (HIV, HCV, HBV) in France between 1992 and 2003 and impact of nucleic acid testing (NAT)
Authors: J Pillonel, S Laperche
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2005)

Monitoring trends in residual risk of transfusion-transmitted viral infections is important to assess improvements in blood safety and to adapt the risk reduction policies. These trends were analysed in France over 4 periods of 3 years (1992-1994, 1995-1997, 1998-2000 and 2001-2003). The 2001-2003 estimates were compared to the results of HIV-1 and HCV NAT implemented on all blood donations in July 2001. Due to improvements in donor recruitment and selection, continuing progress in screening assays, and preventive measures taken in the community to control infections, a significant decrease was observed in residual risks for HIV, HCV and HBV between 1992 and 2003. The residual risk is currently extremely low: for the 2001-2003 period, this risk was estimated at 1 in 3.15 million donations for HIV, at 1 in 10 million for HCV and at 1 in 640,000 for HBV. Of the 6.14 million donations screened with NAT between July 2001 and December 2003 in France, 2 HIV-positive and 3 HCV-positive donations were discarded thanks to NAT, representing a yield of 1 in 3.07 million for HIV and 1 in 2.05 million for HCV. These results show the limited benefit of NAT and suggest that its cost-effectiveness is poor.
Sleep does not affect health status in a primary care COPD population
Authors: Corina De Jong, Janwillem Kocks, Thys Van Der Molen
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Introduction   Knowledge on the relation between sleep quality and health status in mild COPD patients is very limited.   Aims and objectives    The aim of the current study was to evaluate the effect of sleep on health status as measured by the Clinical COPD Questionnaire (CCQ) in a primary care COPD population.   Method   38 COPD patients were enrolled in the study, which was part of a lager study evaluating health status based treatment versus standard GOLD guideline based treatment. The participants completed the CCQ (symptoms, mental, functional and total scale) and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI; duration, disturbances, latency, daytime dysfunction, efficiency, quality, medication need and total score).   Results   Mean participant age was 66 years; mean number of packyears 41; 72% male; GOLD I 36%, GOLD II 56%, GOLD III 8%. In the univariate analyses relations were found between the CCQ total scale and FEV1 (spearman -0.416, p=0.009), CCQ total and daytime dysfunction (spearman 0.404, p=0.012) and CCQ total and GOLD stage (spearman 0.369, p=0.023). No relations were found with group allocation, age, social economic status, medication, BMI or packyears. Multivariate analyses confirmed health status to be related to FEV1 and daytime dysfunction. The relation with GOLD stage was not confirmed.   Conclusion   Health status by means of CCQ is related to FEV1 and daytime dysfunction. None of the other sleep quality scales showed to have an influence on health status. The current study gives an insight into the possible relation between health status and sleep in a primary care COPD population and shows that the PSQI is a relevant instrument, however the n of 38 is too low for definitive conclusions.
Cardiovascular events (CVE) in COPD patients
Authors: Sergey Avdeev, Gulsara Baimakanova, Alexander Chuchalin
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Aim: To estimate the prevalence of CVE and compare the characteristics of patients with or without CVE during acute exacerbation of COPD (AECOPD).  Methods: We analyzed the data from 80 patients (men 67, age 64,2 ± 7,8 yrs, BMI 25,8 ± 8,8 kg/m2) with AECOPD (history, clinical presentation, X-ray, pulmonary test, blood gases, serum levels of Heart-type fatty acid-binding proteins (H-FABP) and BNP-fragment).  Results: CVE (acute myocardial infarction, pulmonary edema, a new arrhythmia, acute decompensation of chronic heart failure) were reported in 28(35%) patients with AECOPD on 3,8 ± 2,1 admission day. There were no differences between patients with or without CVE in demographics characteristics. We observed significant differences in the biomarkers levels, pulmonary tests, hypoxemia, echocardiographic parameters (Table 1).  Conclusions: CVE may be more likely to occur in the setting of an AECOPD. Lung hyperinflation, hypoxemia, pulmonary hypertension, heart failure, mortality, increased levels of H-FABP, BNP-fragment were greater in AECOPD patients with CVE.
Collapse therapy in cavitary pulmonary tuberculosis
Authors: Sergey Skornyakov, Elena Kildyusheva, Igor Motus, Igor Medvinsky
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Objectives . Cavitary pulmonary tuberculosis (CPTB) is often aggravated by drug resistance. So the treatment is difficult, long, often complicated by toxic reactions, and requires support.

Aims. The aim of the study was to assess the role of collapse therapy in modern treatment of CPTB.

Methods . We used collapse procedures in 297 patients (I group). Multi-drug resistance (MDR) was inones 245 of them (87,8%). Artificial pneumothorax (AP) was applied in CPTB located in upper and middle lobes and apical segments of lower lobes. Artificial pneumoperitoneum (PP) was applied in cavitary disease and/or dissemination in lower lobes. In 51 patients AP was applied before surgical treatment in order to reduce the cavity size. Pleural adhesions impeding proper collapse were divided by VATS in 45 cases. Both AP and PP were applied in 119 patients. Average duration of collapse treatment was 3-6 months. Chemotherapy was conducted according to drug susceptibility tests results. Group II treated only by chemotherapy consisted of 82 patients.

Results. No complications during AP/PP treatment were noted. Closing of the lung cavities and sputum conversion confirmed by culture investigation were achieved in I group in 243 of 297 patients(81,8.%). The results of treatment in II group were significantly lower: 40 of 82 ones (48,8%)(p‹0,01). In patients with MDR these data were 154/198 (77,8%) in I group and 17/47(36,1%) in II group(p‹0,01). The average time of sputum conversion and cavity closing was 4,8 ±1,4 months in I group and 11,8±1,5months in II group.

Conclusions. Collapse procedures in conditions of increasing drug resistance is a valuable addition to chemotherapy in CPTB. This can improve the results and reduce the time of treatment.
Necitumumab in Metastatic Squamous Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Daniel A. Goldstein, Qiushi Chen, Turgay Ayer, David H. Howard, Joseph Lipscomb, Suresh S. Ramalingam, Fadlo R. Khuri, Christopher R. Flowers
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2015)

<h3>Importance</h3> The SQUIRE trial demonstrated that adding necitumumab to chemotherapy for patients with metastatic squamous cell lung cancer (mSqCLC) increased median overall survival by 1.6 months (hazard ratio, 0.84). However, the costs and value associated with this intervention remains unclear. Value-based pricing links the price of a drug to the benefit that it provides and is a novel method to establish prices for new treatments. <h3>Objective</h3> To evaluate the range of drug costs for which adding necitumumab to chemotherapy could be considered cost-effective. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> We developed a Markov model using data from multiple sources, including the SQUIRE trial, which compared standard chemotherapy with and without necitumumab as first-line treatment of mSqCLC, to evaluate the costs and patient life expectancies associated with each regimen. In the analysis, patients were modeled to receive gemcitabine and cisplatin for 6 cycles or gemcitabine, cisplatin, and necitumumab for 6 cycles followed by maintenance necitumumab. Our model's clinical inputs were the survival estimates and frequency of adverse events (AEs) described in the SQUIRE trial. Log-logistic models were fitted to the survival distributions in the SQUIRE trial. The cost inputs included drug costs, based on the Medicare average sale prices, and costs for drug administration and management of AEs, based on Medicare reimbursement rates (all in 2014 US dollars). <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> We evaluated incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) for the use of necitumumab across a range of values for its cost. Model robustness was assessed by probabilistic sensitivity analyses, based on 10 000 Monte Carlo simulations, sampling values from the distributions of all model parameters. <h3>Results</h3> In the base case analysis, the addition of necitumumab to the treatment regimen produced an incremental survival benefit of 0.15 life-years and 0.11 quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs). The probabilistic sensitivity analyses established that when necitumumab cost less than $563 and less than $1309 per cycle, there was 90% confidence that the ICER for adding necitumumab would be less than $100 000 per QALY and less than $200 000 per QALY, respectively. <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> These findings provide a value-based range for the cost of necitumumab from $563 to $1309 per cycle. This study provides a framework for establishing value-based pricing for new oncology drugs entering the US marketplace.
Toxicokinetic Modeling of Persistent Organic Pollutant Levels in Blood from Birth to 45 Months of Age in Longitudinal Birth Cohort Studies
Authors: Marc-André Verner, Dean Sonneborn, Kinga Lancz, Gina Muckle, Pierre Ayotte, Éric Dewailly, Anton Kocan, Lubica Palkovicová, Tomas Trnovec, Sami Haddad, Irva Hertz-Picciotto, Merete Eggesbø
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2012)

Despite experimental evidence that lactational exposure to persistent organic pollutants (POPs) can impact health, results from epidemiologic studies are inconclusive. Inconsistency across studies may reflect the inability of current methods to estimate children's blood levels during specific periods of susceptibility.
Analysis of intracellular human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 drug resistance mutations in multi-failed HIV-1-infected patients treated with a salvage regimen: 72-week follow-up
Authors: F. Falasca, C. Montagna, P. Maida, M. Bucci, A. Fantauzzi, I. Mezzaroma, G. Antonelli, O. Turriziani
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2013)
Fluticasone propionate decreases MUC5AC expression on airway epithelial cells induced by rhinovirus infection in the airway
Authors: Takenori Okada, Naoto Fueki, Makoto Fueki, Sohei Makino, Hironori Sagara
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Viral infections such as a common cold in the airway can potentially exacerbate signs and symptom of asthma, including mucus overproduction, airway hyperresponsiveness, and airway obstruction. These signs and symptoms are associated with progression of airway remodeling. MUC5AC is related intimately related to mucus overproduction in the airway and is localized in airway epithelial goblet cells. Fluticasone propionate and salmeterol are used to treat asthma. These drugs prevent exacerbation of asthmatic symptoms due to common colds. However, the effects of these drugs on viral-infected epithelial cells in the airway are unclear.

We therefore investigated the effects of fluticasone propionate or salmeterol on rhinovirus 14 (RV14)-induced MUC5AC gene expression in a human airway epithelial cell line (NCI-H292). Fluticasone propionate significantly decreased MUC5AC gene expression in rhinovirus-infected NCI-H292 cells. Our results suggest that fluticasone propionate prevents exacerbation of asthma due to rhinovirus infection by decreasing MUC5AC expression in the airway, potentially slowing the progression of airway remodeling.
Selective Bcl-2 Inhibition With ABT-199 Is Highly Active Against Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) Irrespective Of TP53 Mutation Or Dysfunction
Authors: Mary Ann Anderson, Constantine C.S. Tam, John F. Seymour, Anthony Bell, David A Westerman, Surender Juneja, David C.S. Huang, Andrew W. Roberts
Journal: Blood (2013)
Contrasting evolutionary histories of chloroplast thioredoxins f and m.
Authors: H Hartman, M Syvanen, B B Buchanan
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (1990)

Fourteen thioredoxin sequences were used to construct a minimal phylogenetic tree by using parsimony. The bacterial thioredoxins clustered into three groups: one containing the photosynthetic purple bacteria, Escherichia and Corynebacterium; a second containing the photosynthetic green bacterium, Chlorobium; and a third containing cyanobacteria. These groupings are similar to those generated from earlier 16s RNA analyses. Animal thioredoxins formed a fourth group. The two thioredoxins of chloroplasts (f and m) showed contrasting phylogenetic patterns. As predicted from prior studies, spinach chloroplast thioredoxin m grouped with its counterparts from cyanobacteria and eukaryotic algae, but, unexpectedly, thioredoxin f grouped with the animal thioredoxins. The results indicate that, during evolution, thioredoxin m of contemporary photosynthetic eukaryotic cells was derived from a prokaryotic symbiont, whereas thioredoxin f descended from an ancestral eukaryote common to plants and animals. The findings illustrate the potential of thioredoxin as a phylogenetic marker and suggest a relationship between the animal and f-type thioredoxins.
Intermittent Pneumatic Compression Devices in the Management of Lymphedema
Authors: Peter J. Franks, Christine J. Moffatt
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2015)

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Comprehensive Genomic Characterization of Long Non-coding RNAs across Human Cancers
Authors: Xiaohui Yan, Zhongyi Hu, Yi Feng, Xiaowen Hu, Jiao Yuan, Sihai D. Zhao, Youyou Zhang, Lu Yang, Weiwei Shan, Qun He, Lingling Fan, Lana E. Kandalaft, Janos L. Tanyi, Chunsheng Li, Chao-Xing Yuan, Dongmei Zhang, Huiqing Yuan, Keqin Hua, Yiling Lu, Dionyssios Katsaros, Qihong Huang, Kathleen Montone, Yi Fan, George Coukos, Jeff Boyd, Anil K. Sood, Timothy Rebbeck, Gordon B. Mills, Chi V. Dang, Lin Zhang
Journal: Cancer Cell (2015)
TWENTY YEARS OF GROUP PSYCHOTHERAPY
Authors: RUDOLF DREIKURS, RAYMOND CORSINI
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1954)

The field of group psychotherapy has been reviewed with the intention of clarifying its purposes, methods, and mechanisms. We cannot expect consensus at a time when group psychotherapy is still rapidly expanding and no objective integrative concept has evolved. It is inevitable that trying to summarize the extensive literature probably results in more questions raised than answers provided. As with many other therapies we are more certain of possessing an effective method than of knowing the reasons for its effectiveness. True enough, many individual therapists are sure that they know the dynamics with which they operate; but their findings and reports are so divergent and often contradictory, that a scientifically reliable answer seems to elude us. The integration of all available information into one body of knowledge would be a Herculean task; but group psychotherapy may be able to accomplish what psychiatry has been unable to do—integrate the various dynamic theories into one body of scientific knowledge. It is the medium of group psychotherapy itself that may promote such long-overdue integration. The therapy group provides facilities for controlled observation that hardly exist in individual cases. Furthermore, a spirit of increased cooperation characterizes all those who have experienced group psychotherapy and benefited from it, patients and therapists alike. Group therapists seem to be willing to exchange their findings and—regardless of their orientation—discuss their observations in a give-and-take way, essential for scientific progress. In this sense psychiatry may experience a true revolution through the new methods it has invented for the treatment of patients.
A role for cathepsin S in the pathogenesis of cystic fibrosis lung disease
Authors: Sinéad Weldon, Paul McNally, Christopher Scott, Scott Randell, Paul McCray, Clifford Taggart
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

The pathogenesis of lung disease in cystic fibrosis (CF) has not been fully elucidated, however, neutrophil-dominated inflammation is thought to play a major role. Nonetheless, a number of proteases produced by other cells in the lung may play a pivotal role in CF lung damage. Human lysosomal cysteine proteases are a family of proteases that have been relatively unexplored in the area of CF lung disease. We have shown that cathepsin S activity is increased in CF bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. In addition to lung tissue degradation, cathepsins have been found to contribute significantly to the destruction of host defence proteins such as SLPI, β-defensins and lactoferrin. These findings indicate a role for cathepsin S in the diminution of the lung antiprotease and antimicrobial screen possibly leading to lung destruction and favouring conditions for bacterial infection. We have identified epithelial cells as a source of cathepsin S in the CF lung with the demonstration that CF bronchial and tracheal epithelial cell lines express and secrete significantly more active cathepsin S than normal cells in the absence of proinflammatory stimulation. These findings were confirmed in primary human bronchial epithelial cells from CF patients. On the basis of our results to date, we postulate that upregulated cathepsin S plays an important role in CF lung disease and we are currently investigating reasons for this upregulation of cathepsin S in CF epithelial cells. This data will shed valuable light on the role of cathepsin S in CF, an area that has been overshadowed to date, and may open up new avenues for exploration in the search for an effective therapeutic target in CF lung disease.
STUDIES ON THE RELATIONSHIPS OF VITAMIN B12, FOLIC ACID, THYMINE, URACIL, AND METHYL GROUP DONORS IN PERSONS WITH PERNICIOUS ANEMIA AND RELATED MEGALOBLASTIC ANEMIAS
Authors: RICHARD W. VILTER, DANIEL HORRIGAN, JOHN F. MUELLER, THOMAS JARROLD, CARL F. VILTER, VIRGINIA HAWKINS, ARTHUR SEAMAN
Journal: Blood (1950)
Hepatopathy-thrombocytopenia syndrome--a complication of dactinomycin therapy for Wilms' tumor: a report from the United Kingdom Childrens Cancer Study Group.
Authors: J Raine, A Bowman, K Wallendszus, J Pritchard
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1991)

We have observed hepatopathy, associated with thrombocytopenia, in children receiving chemotherapy for Wilms' tumor. We have studied this hepatopathy-thrombocytopenia syndrome (HTS) in patients enrolled in the United Kingdom Childrens' Cancer Study Group (UKCCSG) Wilms' tumor trials (UKW1 and UKW2). At the time of this study, 501 patients had completed therapy. Treatment flow sheets were examined for evidence of hepatopathy (hepatomegaly with abnormal liver function tests) and severe thrombocytopenia (platelet count less than 25 x 10(9)/L). No child who developed the syndrome had received irradiation. HTS was seen in five of 355 (1.4%) of patients treated with combination chemotherapy but in none of the 146 patients treated with vincristine alone. In each instance, the onset was less than 10 weeks after diagnosis. In two children, hepatopathy was severe with jaundice, ascites, transaminases greater than 1,000 IU/L, and prolongation of prothrombin time. On average, HTS lasted 12 days, and resolved with supportive treatment. After recovery, the children tolerated chemotherapy, mostly at reduced dosage, without recurrence. There was no evident long-term morbidity. Dactinomycin is the probable cause of this syndrome. We conclude that the HTS is a rare but important complication of dactinomycin-containing combination chemotherapy for Wilms' tumor. Children developing "isolated" thrombocytopenia following dactinomycin are "at risk" of developing the full-blown syndrome and should have their treatment modified accordingly.