tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Inhaled nicotine replacement therapy
Authors: David Cipolla, Igor Gonda
Journal: Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences (2015)

There are a large number of smokers who want to quit smoking but have failed in their attempts to do so, with many having been unsuccessful at quitting multiple times over their lifetime. The existing marketed nicotine replacement therapies (NRT) have only marginal effectiveness and none provide a comparable physiological response to that derived from cigarette smoking; that is, rapid absorption of nicotine from the lung leading to peak levels of nicotine in the bloodstream to target the receptors in the brain. Instead, existing NRTs produce a slower and delayed rise in nicotine blood levels which is less effective at reducing the craving sensations. Published data for electronic cigarettes show that they typically deliver nicotine with a profile closer to that for nicotine patches, with a slow rise that can take 30–60 min, or longer, to reach the same peak nicotine concentration that is produced in less than 3 min from a single cigarette. A number of attempts have been made to develop an inhaled product which would deliver the nicotine through the lung and mimic the physiological response from smoking, but many of them produced intolerable aversive reactions or delivered an ineffective dose. This paper discusses examples of the potential for the recent inhaled nicotine products in development to be effective as NRTs, but is not meant to be a comprehensive review.
Comparative analysis of recurrence in colon cancer (Cca) for patients (pts) undergoing sentinel lymph node (SLN) mapping vs. conventional (conv.) surgery
Authors: S. Saha, A. Kunadi, S. Rajurkar, A. Dan, S. Arora, S. Jeswani, D. Iddings, T. Singh, M. Arora, D. Wiese
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2004)

3566 Background: SLN mapping (M) upstages upto 20% of Cca pts. Upstaged pts may benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy (CT), thus reducing the chances of recurrence. Routine pathological examination after conv. surgery understages 15–20% of pts with Cca. The purpose of our trial was to compare the patterns of recurrence in Cca pts undergoing SLNM vs Conv. surgery. Methods: Group A pts underwent SLNM with 1% Lymphazurin. Group B pts underwent conv. surgery. SLNs were examined by 5 microsections for H&E & 1 for immunohistochemistry. The other nonSLNs in group A and all LNs in group B were examined by routine methods. All pts had median follow-up of 5yrs and minimum follow-up of 2yrs. Data was collected for no. of LNs, tumor and nodal status and recurrence patterns. Results: There were 106 pts in group A and 145 pts in group B. T stage distribution for group A and B were as follows: 13.2% vs 7.6% (T1), 23.6% vs 13.8% (T2), 56.6% vs 69.6% (T3) and 6.6% vs 8.9% (T4) respectively. SLNM was successful in 100% of pts with accuracy of 96%, sensitivity of 92% . SLNM upstaged 15% of pts with micromets which would have been missed by conv. methods. Table1 shows number of LNs, incidence of nodal mets and overall recurrences. For stage I (T1,T2,N0) pts, the recurrence in group A was 2.6% vs 13%( p <0.004) in group B. All these 4 recurrences in group B occurred in N0 pts, thereby suggesting possible missed micromets, hence untreated and thus may explain the increased incidence of recurrence 23.4% vs 4.7% in group A. Conclusions: SLNM is simple and accurate in determining nodal mets. Compared to Conv. surgery, SLNM upstages a significant no. of pts whose disease may remain undetected by conv. methods. Pts thus upstaged by SLNM could receive adjuvant CT resulting in a further decrease in recurrence and perhaps prolong survival. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
A Biological Delivery Platform for Zinc Finger Nucleases Using Transferrin-Mediated Endocytosis
Authors: Steffen E. Meiler, William S. Dynan, Matthew Porteus, David L. Spector, Gang Bao, Zhong Chen, Jay Pandey, Deepika Goyal, R. Ileng Kumaran, Marlene Wade, Davies Agyekum
Journal: Blood (2011)
Strain Rate Imaging Differentiates Transmural From Non-Transmural Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Yan Zhang, Anna K.Y. Chan, Cheuk-Man Yu, Gabriel W.K. Yip, Jeffrey W.H. Fung, Wynnie W.M. Lam, Nina M.C. So, Mei Wang, Eugene B. Wu, John T. Wong, John E. Sanderson
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2005)
Review of<i>Infections of the Central Nervous System</i>
Authors: Anita Koshy
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Neurology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Neurology journal
Abstract 3571: Furin activity: A driver of rhabdomyosarcoma progression
Authors: Patricia AIM Jaaks, Gianmarco Meier, Beat W. Schäfer, Michele Bernasconi
Journal: Cancer Research (2015)

Abstract Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is the most common soft tissue sarcoma in children. The prognosis and survival rate is often very poor and therefore new therapy approaches are required. Thus, we focus on 1) employing RMS-specific peptides for targeted delivery of chemotherapeutics to the tumor site and 2) identifying novel therapeutic targets. In a previous study we discovered that RMS-homing peptides bind preferably to the proprotein convertase furin. Initial investigations confirmed a high expression of furin throughout different pediatric soft tissue sarcoma types and hinted that furin promotes the tumorigenic phenotype of RMS cells in vitro as well as in corresponding xenografts in vivo. Here we present a novel approach of tetracycline-induced shRNA-based silencing of furin in vitro and in vivo in order to investigate in depth the role of furin in RMS progression. Furin depletion was confirmed at mRNA, protein and activity level and led to impaired maturation furin substrates insulin like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) and transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFβ-1). We found that loss of furin activity suppresses the malignant phenotype of Rh30 cells by decreasing proliferation and affecting formation of colonies. Furthermore, we observed increased caspase 3/7 activity and enrichment of nucleosomes in the cytoplasm upon furin depletion, thus hinting initiation of apoptotic processes. Induction of furin silencing in RMS xenografts in NOD/SCID mice delayed tumour growth, indicating a crucial role of furin in early phases of tumour growth. Taken together, our data underscore the importance of furin for RMS progression and therefore targeting the activity of furin represents a promising tool for treatment of RMS. Citation Format: Patricia AIM Jaaks, Gianmarco Meier, Beat W. Schäfer, Michele Bernasconi. Furin activity: A driver of rhabdomyosarcoma progression. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 3571. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-3571
Abstract 1917: ABO-Incompatible Heart Transplantation in Infants: Analysis of the United Network for Organ Sharing Database
Authors: Nishant D Patel, Eric S Weiss, Lois U Nwakanma, Janet Scheel, Duke E Cameron, Luca A Vricella
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Introduction : ABO-incompatible heart transplantation, traditionally contraindicated because of the risk of hyperacute rejection, has been used selectively in recent years. Infants have limited production of isohemagglutinins, which may lower the risk of hyperacute rejection. We analyzed the impact of ABO-incompatibility on outcomes after heart transplantation in infants.

Methods : Heart transplant recipients <1 year of age reported to the United Network for Organ Sharing from 1999–2007 were divided according to donor-recipient ABO-incompatibility or compatibility. Outcomes included Kaplan-Meier survival and hyperacute rejection. Propensity-adjusted Cox regression modeling was used to identify predictors of mortality.

Results : 591 infants underwent heart transplantation: 35 (6%) received allografts from ABO-incompatible donors. ABO-incompatible recipients trended toward more congenital heart disease (71 vs 66%; p =0.06) and were less likely to have dilated cardiomyopathy (11 vs 29%; p =0.02). One ABO-incompatible infant had hyperacute rejection requiring re-transplantation. No ABO-incompatible infant and 2 ABO-compatible infants died from hyperacute rejection. Survival was similar at 3 years (Figure[⇓][1]). Propensity-adjusted Cox regression analysis demonstrated that ABO-incompatibility did not predict mortality (HR 3.61; 95% CI 0.26–49.0; p =0.33).

Conclusion : ABO-incompatible heart transplantation can be performed safely in infants with a low incidence of hyperacute rejection. ABO-incompatible heart transplantation should be considered in infants to maximize donor organ utilization and reduce mortality among infants on the waiting list.



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Effective treatment of house dust mite–induced allergic rhinitis with 2 doses of the SQ HDM SLIT-tablet: Results from a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase III trial
Authors: Pascal Demoly, Waltraud Emminger, Dorte Rehm, Vibeke Backer, Lene Tommerup, Jörg Kleine-Tebbe
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2015)

BackgroundThe SQ HDM SLIT-tablet (ALK) has been developed for treatment of house dust mite (HDM)–induced respiratory allergic disease.ObjectiveThis trial investigated the efficacy and safety of the SQ HDM SLIT-tablet in adults with moderate-to-severe HDM-induced allergic rhinitis (AR).MethodsThe trial was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase III trial conducted in 12 European countries including 992 adults with moderate-to-severe HDM-induced AR despite treatment with pharmacotherapy. Subjects were randomized 1:1:1 to 1 year of daily treatment with placebo, 6 SQ-HDM, or 12 SQ-HDM. The primary end point was the total combined rhinitis score (ie, the sum of rhinitis symptom and medication scores) during the efficacy assessment period (approximately the last 8 weeks of the treatment period). Key secondary end points were rhinitis symptoms, medication scores, quality of life, and the combined rhinoconjunctivitis score.ResultsAnalysis of the primary end point (observed data) demonstrated absolute reductions in total combined rhinitis score of 1.18 (P = .002) and 1.22 (P = .001) compared with placebo for 6 SQ-HDM and 12 SQ-HDM, respectively. The statistically significant treatment effect was evident from 14 weeks of treatment onward. For all key secondary end points, efficacy was confirmed for 12 SQ-HDM, with statistically significant reductions of rhinitis symptoms and medication scores, improved quality of life, and a reduced combined rhinoconjunctivitis score in the efficacy assessment period compared with placebo. The treatment was well tolerated.ConclusionThe trial confirmed the efficacy and favorable safety profile of both 6 SQ-HDM and 12 SQ-HDM in adults with HDM-induced AR. The treatment effect was present from 14 weeks of treatment onward.
Abstract 20188: The Effect of Disclosing Genetic Risk for Coronary Heart Disease on Perceived Personal Control and Genetic Counseling Satisfaction: The MI-GENES Study
Authors: Christopher L Robinson, Hayan Jouni, Teresa M Kruisselbrink, Kurt D Christensen, Robert C Green, Iftikhar J Kullo
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Background: Perceived personal control (PPC) represents the belief that a person can alter his/her own situation or state. Higher PPC has been associated with increased health-related quality of life and helps facilitate healthy behavioral changes. We investigated whether disclosure of coronary heart disease (CHD) genetic risk influences PPC and genetic counseling satisfaction (GCS) in the myocardial infarction genes (MI-GENES) study, a randomized controlled trial of disclosing genetic risk of CHD. Methods: Participants (40-65 year-old, at intermediate 10-year CHD risk, and not on statins) were randomized to receive estimated 10-year risk of CHD based on their Framingham Risk Score (FRS) or FRS plus a 28 SNP genetic risk score (FRS*GRS). CHD risk was disclosed in each arm by a genetic counselor during a 30-minute scripted session that included a discussion of the impact of family history on CHD risk. For FRS*GRS participants, the genetic counselor also reviewed how their genetic risk score altered their FRS. Each participant then met with a physician to engage in shared-decision making regarding the need for statin therapy. Afterwards, study participants were asked to complete validated surveys to assess PPC and GCS. The 9-item PPC questionnaire was scored 0-9, with higher scores indicating greater control beliefs. The 5-item GCS questionnaire was scored 0-10, with greater scores indicating greater satisfaction with the disclosure session. Results: 207 patients (mean age 58.8±5 years, 46.7% males) were randomized to receive either FRS or FRS*GRS. Patients randomized to receive FRS*GRS had higher PPC compared to FRS although the absolute difference was small (8.85±0.77 vs. 8.54±1.31, P=0.016). Patients randomized to receive FRS*GRS also had a higher GCS score than FRS patients (9.08±2.67 vs. 8.3±3.67, P=0.050]. Conclusions: Disclosure of genetic risk for CHD did not adversely affect PPC or GCS. In fact, patients who received CHD genetic risk information had higher PPC and GCS. Our findings suggest that disclosure of CHD genetic risk is appreciated by patients and may empower them to improve health-related behaviors.
Information needs of patients with cancer
Authors: A. Fleissig
Journal: BMJ (2000)

Editor—I read the paper by Leydon et al on the information needs of patients with cancer1 and comment both as a researcher with a particular interest in the provision of patient information and as a patient who received a diagnosis of cancer last year.

In addition to faith, hope, and charity, the patients' narratives illustrate the part fear plays in preventing patients with cancer from seeking information. The quotations in the paper echo many of my own fears, which at times prevented me from seeking information: one is frightened of finding out something bad (box 2, quote 4), one is frightened of jumping to the wrong conclusions through ignorance (box 1, quote 3) or lack of specific information about one's own condition (box 2, quote 2 and quote 6), and one is frightened of being labelled a “clever dick” (box 1, quote 4). It is important to differentiate between patients who do not seek further information about their condition because they are frightened of the potential content and those who do not seek further information because they are reluctant to ask for more details, even when they do want them (box 3, quote 2). The challenge for health professionals is to distinguish when patients want more detailed information, and the onus is on them to provide it. This will help patients to extract relevant information from other sources.

The narratives also illustrate the fluctuating information requirements of individual patients during the course of their illness (box 1, quote 4; box 2, quote 2 and quote 3), and the authors justifiably recommend further research taking a longitudinal approach to explore the changing nature of patients' orientations. Again, this mirrors my own experience. I wanted as much information as possible, but nevertheless I was terrified of being told the results of my biopsy at one visit to the clinic as I was mentally unprepared (having expected to be told the following week). There was also an internet site that I was unwilling to access on one occasion but that I readily opened a few weeks later.

In developing recommendations, the government's cancer information strategy should attend to these variations over time within individuals, in addition to the variations between patients in their desire for information.
Abstract 2685: Troponin-T Elevation After Implanted Defibrillator Discharges Predicts Survival - A Prospective Study
Authors: Dan Blendea, Mihaela C Blendea, Jeffrey Banker, Craig A McPherson
Journal: Circulation (2006)

Background: Troponin-T (TnT) elevations have been reported to occur after implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) discharges, but their prognostic significance is unknown. Aim of the study: To...
Use of biomimetic microtissue spheroids and specific growth factor supplementation to improve tenocyte differentiation and adaptation to a collagen-based scaffold in vitro
Authors: Felix Theiss, Ali Mirsaidi, Rami Mhanna, Jan Kümmerle, Stephan Glanz, Gregor Bahrenberg, André N. Tiaden, Peter J. Richards
Journal: Biomaterials (2015)
High heterogeneity in methods used for the laboratory confirmation of pertussis diagnosis among European countries, 2010: integration of epidemiological and laboratory surveillance must include standardisation of methodologies and quality assurance
Authors: Q He, A M Barkoff, J Mertsola, S Glismann, S Bacci, Collective on behalf of the European Bordetell, Collective the European surveillance network f
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2012)

Despite extensive childhood immunisation, pertussis remains one of the world’s leading causes of vaccine preventable deaths. The current methods used for laboratory diagnosis of pertussis include bacterial culture, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) serology. We conducted a questionnaire survey to identify variations in the laboratory methods and protocols used among participating countries included in the European surveillance network for vaccine-preventable diseases(EUVAC.NET). In February 2010, we performed the survey using a web-based questionnaire and sent it to the country experts of 25 European Union countries,and two European Economic Area (EEA) countries,Norway and Iceland. The questionnaire consisted of 37 questions which covered both general information on surveillance methods and detailed laboratory methods used. A descriptive analysis was performed.Questionnaires were answered by all 27 contacted countries. Nineteen countries had pertussis reference laboratories at the national level; their functions varied from performing diagnosis to providing technical advice for routine microbiology laboratories. Culture,PCR and serology were used in 17, 18 and 20 countries,respectively. For PCR, nine laboratories used insertion sequence IS481 as the target gene, which is present in multiple copies in the Bordetella pertussis genome and thus has a greater sensitivity over single copy targets, but has been proved not to be specific for B.pertussis. Antibodies directed against pertussis toxin(PT) are specific for B. pertussis infections. For ELISA serology, only 13 countries’ laboratories used purified PT as coating antigen and 10 included World Health Organization (WHO) or Food and Drug Administration (FDA) reference sera in their tests. This present survey shows that methods used for laboratory confirmation of pertussis differ widely among European countries and that there is a great heterogeneity of the reference laboratories and functions. To evaluate the effects of different pertussis immunisation programmes in Europe, standardisation and harmonisation of the laboratory methods are needed.
Medically unexplained symptoms in secondary care
Authors: J. McCormack
Journal: BMJ (2001)

European consensus on cancer screening should be applied urgently by health ministersEditor-In Vienna in November 1999 consensus was reached on European recommendations for cancer screening at a conference organised by the European Commission of experts in research, health care, and cancer screening from all member states of the European Union.Despite this agreement, however, the political authorities concerned have not yet officially validated the recommendations.This lack of a European policy will lead to a continuation of inefficient opportunistic screening in several member states.It will also increase the risk of uncontrolled penetration of new screening methods from commercial lobbying.This issue needs therefore to be high on the agenda of one of the next meetings of the European health ministers, preferably during Belgium's presidency of the European Union (July-December 2001).The guidelines were published in the European Journal of Cancer and will be included in the updated European Guidelines for Quality Assurance in Mammographic Screening. 1 2 They recommend that cancer screening be offered only in organised programmes with quality assurance at all levels, as well as good information about benefits and risks.The benefits of a screening programme are achieved only if coverage is high and standards of rigorous quality assurance are respected.Management and evaluation of the programme require accurate monitoring of data.Opportunistic screening activities should be discouraged as they may not achieve the potential benefits but result in negative side effects.The guidelines address screening for cervical, breast, and colorectal cancer.Pap smears should be used for cervical screening among a core age group of women aged 30-60, and the screening interval should be three to five years.If resources are available, screening could be offered to a wider age group but not to women younger than 20.Mammography should be used in screening for breast cancer, and only women aged 50-69 should be invited every two to three years.Screening for colorectal cancer by faecal occult blood detection should also be considered a preventive measure, targeting people aged 50-74 every one to two years.Immunological tests and flexible sigmoidoscopy should be evaluated as potential new tests in screening for colorectal cancer. 1 3 Screening is currently not recommended for any other form of cancer.New technologies can be introduced only after their effectiveness and cost effectiveness have been established.Use of human papillomavirus DNA detection may improve management of women with equivocal Pap smears. 4But there is insufficient evidence about the long term effects of primary screening for human papillomavirus. 5Resources should be made available to extend current population trials and increase their size, as well as to initiate new trials.European coordination of these initiatives is recommended.