tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Redefining the Viral Reservoirs that Prevent HIV-1 Eradication
Authors: Evelyn Eisele, Robert F. Siliciano
Journal: Immunity (2012)

This Perspective proposes definitions for key terms in the field of HIV-1 latency and eradication. In the context of eradication, a reservoir is a cell type that allows persistence of replication-competent HIV-1 on a timescale of years in patients on optimal antiretroviral therapy. Reservoirs act as a barrier to eradication in the patient population in which cure attempts will likely be made. Halting viral replication is essential to eradication, and definitions and criteria for assessing whether this goal has been achieved are proposed. The cell types that may serve as reservoirs for HIV-1 are discussed. Currently, only latently infected resting CD4+ T cells fit the proposed definition of a reservoir, and more evidence is necessary to demonstrate that other cell types, including hematopoietic stem cells and macrophages, fit this definition. Further research is urgently required on potential reservoirs in the gut-associated lymphoid tissue and the central nervous system. This Perspective proposes definitions for key terms in the field of HIV-1 latency and eradication. In the context of eradication, a reservoir is a cell type that allows persistence of replication-competent HIV-1 on a timescale of years in patients on optimal antiretroviral therapy. Reservoirs act as a barrier to eradication in the patient population in which cure attempts will likely be made. Halting viral replication is essential to eradication, and definitions and criteria for assessing whether this goal has been achieved are proposed. The cell types that may serve as reservoirs for HIV-1 are discussed. Currently, only latently infected resting CD4+ T cells fit the proposed definition of a reservoir, and more evidence is necessary to demonstrate that other cell types, including hematopoietic stem cells and macrophages, fit this definition. Further research is urgently required on potential reservoirs in the gut-associated lymphoid tissue and the central nervous system.
Evaluation of home allergen sampling devices
Authors: J. K. Sercombe, D. Liu‐Brennan, M. L. Garcia, E. R. Tovey
Journal: Allergy (2004)

Background: Simple, inexpensive methods of sampling from allergen reservoirs are necessary for large‐scale studies or low‐cost householder‐operated allergen measurement. Methods: We tested two commercial devices: the Indoor Biotechnologies Mitest Dust Collector and the Dräger Bio‐Check Allergen Control; two devices of our own design: the Electrostatic Cloth Sampler (ECS) and the Press Tape Sampler (PTS); and a Vacuum Sampler as used in many allergen studies (our Reference Method). Devices were used to collect dust mite allergen samples from 16 domestic carpets. Results were examined for correlations between the sampling methods. Results: With mite allergen concentration expressed as μ g/g, the Mitest, the ECS and the PTS correlated with the Reference Method but not with each other. When mite allergen concentration was expressed as μ g/m 2 the Mitest and the ECS correlated with the Reference Method but the PTS did not. In the high allergen conditions of this study, the Dräger Bio‐Check did not relate to any methods. Conclusions: The Mitest Dust Collector, the ECS and the PTS show performance consistent with the Reference Method. Many techniques can be used to collect dust mite allergen samples. More investigation is needed to prove any method as superior for estimating allergen exposure.
Medically qualified preclinical academies.
Authors: D Bowsher
Journal: BMJ (1980)

link with their hospital to obtain experience which consultants will accept as qualifying them for appointments in the hospital practitioner grade.Greater use could be made of "clinical attachments," which can be funded under Section 63 money but which are not perhaps fully exploited at present.Greater acceptability could, however, be obtained if general practitioners could be taken on as trainee or probationer hospital practitioners.Consultants would be much more willing to utilise this type of assistance if during the first two years the sessions were to be regarded as for training as well as for patient care, and if complete security of tenure were granted only after satisfactory completion of the training period.
PTU-029 A novel MRI protocol to examine haemodynamic compartments in compensated liver cirrhosis: Abstract PTU-029 Figure 1
Authors: E F Cox, A Ghezzi, M Patel, A Jackson, C Costigan, M W James, S D Ryder, P A Gowland, G P Aithal, S T Francis, I N Guha
Journal: Gut (2012)

<h3>Introduction</h3> The hyperdynamic circulation in cirrhosis results from changes in the splanchnic, systemic, cardiac and renal compartments; it underpins the clinical consequences of portal hypertension. We present a novel MRI protocol that provides non-invasive measurement of these different haemodynamic compartments in a single assessment. Phase contrast (PC) MRI is a validated technique for the measurement of velocity (in cm/s), area, and hence flux (=velocity*area (in ml/s)) in a given vessel.<sup>1</sup> Here, we use PC-MRI, together with MR measures of cardiac function, to assess haemodynamics in early, compensated cirrhosis and matched healthy volunteers. <h3>Methods</h3> Patients were studied from a prospective, longitudinal study of compensated cirrhosis (CC) (Child Pugh A) with age and sex matched healthy volunteers (HV). 20 CC patients (13M/7F, age 57±1 y (mean ± SEM), aetiology 2 ALD, 1 HBV, 7 HCV, 3 NAFLD, 1 PBC, 1 Haemochromatosis, MELD 0–10.6) and 20 HV: 13M/7F, age 57±2 y were included. PC-MRI data were collected for the superior mesenteric (SMA), splenic (SA), hepatic (HA), and renal (RA) artery and portal vein (PV). 15 phases were acquired across the cardiac cycle to calculate the mean area, velocity and flux for each vessel. Cardiac MR consisted of short axis cine images to measure left ventricular ejection fraction (EF) and PC-MRI of the aorta. All data were collected within 20 min, with images acquired during short breath-holding (12–15 s). <h3>Results</h3> In CC, the portal vein was dilated and had a reduction in velocity compared to the HV group (Abstract PTU-029 figure 1A). The SMA (Abstract PTU-029 figure 1B) and SA, showed vasodilation and increased flow velocity, and a resulting increase in flux in patients with CC compared to the HV. There was a trend for a reduction in RA velocity (Abstract PTU-029 figure 1C) and an increase in HA velocity in CC. The ejection fraction was significantly higher in CC compared with the HV (Abstract PTU-029 figure 1D). There was no change in aortic flux, velocity or area with CC. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Using a non-invasive MRI protocol, we have measured haemodynamics in four compartments contemporaneously in cirrhosis. The detection of significant changes in early cirrhosis, suggests this technique has potential to (a) study the evolution of portal hypertension with accompanying changes in splanchnic, renal and systemic circulation as well as (b) assess the haemodynamic response to novel therapeutic agents in cirrhosis. <h3>Competing interests</h3> None declared. <h3>Reference</h3> 1. <b>Debatin JF</b>. <i>Abdom Imaging</i> 1998;<b>23</b>:485–95.
Reactivation from occult HBV carrier status is characterized by low genetic heterogeneity with the wild-type or G1896A variant prevalence
Authors: Tadashi Inuzuka, Yoshihide Ueda, Hiroki Morimura, Yosuke Fujii, Makoto Umeda, Tadayuki Kou, Yukio Osaki, Shinji Uemoto, Tsutomu Chiba, Hiroyuki Marusawa
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
Comparison of the Circulatory Effects of Epinephrine and Norepinephrine
Authors: KHALIL G. WAKIM, HIRAM E. ESSEX
Journal: Circulation (1952)

A comparison was made of the circulatory effects of l -epinephrine and l -norepinephrine when various doses were given either intravenously or intra-arterially into anesthetized animals. No significant difference was found between the effects of identical doses of the two drugs on the arterial blood pressure, heart rate and blood flow. The intensity and duration of effect of either drug varied roughly with the dose given.
Quantity and diversity of environmental microbial exposure and development of asthma: a birth cohort study
Authors: A. M. Karvonen, A. Hyvärinen, H. Rintala, M. Korppi, M. Täubel, G. Doekes, U. Gehring, H. Renz, P. I. Pfefferle, J. Genuneit, L. Keski‐Nisula, S. Remes, J. Lampi, E. Mutius, J. Pekkanen
Journal: Allergy (2014)

Background Early-life exposure to environmental microbial agents may be associated with the development of allergies. The aim of the study was to identify better ways to characterize microbial exposure as a predictor of respiratory symptoms and allergies. Methods A birth cohort of 410 children was followed up until 6 years of age. Bacterial endotoxin, 3-hydroxy fatty acids, N-acetyl-muramic acid, fungal extracellular polysaccharides (EPS) from Penicillium and Aspergillus spp., β-D-glucan, ergosterol, and bacterial or fungal quantitative polymerase chain reactions (qPCRs) were analyzed from dust samples collected at 2 months of age. Asthma, wheezing, cough, and atopic dermatitis were assessed using repeated questionnaires. Specific IgEs were determined at the age of 1 and 6 years. Results Only few associations were found between single microbial markers and the studied outcomes. In contrast, a score for the total quantity of microbial exposure, that is, sum of indicators for fungi (ergosterol), Gram-positive (muramic acid) bacteria, and Gram-negative (endotoxin) bacteria, was significantly (inverted-U shape) associated with asthma incidence (P < 0.001): the highest risk was found at medium levels (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 2.24, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.87–5.75 for 3rd quintile) and the lowest risk at the highest level (aOR 0.34, 95% CI 0.09–1.36 for 5th quintile). The microbial diversity score, that is, sum of detected qPCRs, was inversely associated with risk of wheezing and was significantly (inverted-U shape) associated with sensitization to inhalant allergens. Conclusion Score for quantity of microbial exposure predicted asthma better than single microbial markers independently of microbial diversity and amount of dust. Better indicators of total quantity and diversity of microbial exposure are needed in studies on the development of asthma.
THE ALLERGTO ORIGIN OF ZIRCONIUM DEODORANT GRANULOMAS. *
Authors: WALTER B. SHELLEY, HARRY J. HURLEY
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1958)

Journal Article THE ALLERGTO ORIGIN OF ZIRCONIUM DEODORANT GRANULOMAS. Get access WALTER B. SHELLEY, M.D., Ph.D. D.Sc.(Med.) and, WALTER B. SHELLEY, M.D., Ph.D. D.Sc.(Med.) and Department of Dermatology (Dr. Donald M. Pillsbury, Chairman), University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.A Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar HARRY J. HURLEY, M.D. HARRY J. HURLEY, M.D. Department of Dermatology (Dr. Donald M. Pillsbury, Chairman), University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.A Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 70, Issue 3, 1 March 1958, Pages 75–101, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1958.tb13297.x Published: 01 March 1958
The Ballistocardiogram in Myocardial Infarction: A Study of One Hundred Cases
Authors: MARVIN MOSER, LEON PORDY, KENNETH CHESKY, ROBERT C. TAYMOR, ARTHUR M. MASTER
Journal: Circulation (1952)

In the presence of previous myocardial infarction, the direct ballistocardiogram is abnormal in approximately 80 per cent of the cases. Following the coronary occlusion, a normal ballistocardiogram is relatively rare in patients with angina pectoris as compared with those who are asymptomatic. There is no correlation between the ballistocardiographic patterns and the persistence of electrocardiographic evidence of myocardial infarction. The prognostic significance of the ballistic findings reported will be determined by long-term follow-up studies.
Nuclear Factor-κB–Mediated Cell Survival Involves Transcriptional Silencing of the Mitochondrial Death Gene BNIP3 in Ventricular Myocytes
Authors: Delphine Baetz, Kelly M. Regula, Karen Ens, James Shaw, Shilpa Kothari, Natalia Yurkova, Lorrie A. Kirshenbaum
Journal: Circulation (2005)

Background— A survival role for the transcription factor nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) in ventricular myocytes has been reported; however, the underlying mechanism is undefined. In this report we provide new mechanistic evidence that survival signals conferred by NF-κB impinge on the hypoxia-inducible death factor BNIP3. Methods and Results— Activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway by IKKβ in ventricular myocytes suppressed mitochondrial permeability transition pore (PTP) opening and cell death provoked by BNIP3. Expression of IKKβ or p65 NF-κB suppressed basal and hypoxia-inducible BNIP3 gene activity. Deletion analysis of the BNIP3 promoter revealed the NF-κB elements to be crucial for inhibiting basal and inducible BNIP3 gene activity. Cells derived from p65 −/− -deficient mice or ventricular myocytes rendered defective for NF-κB signaling with a nonphosphorylative IκB exhibited increased basal BNIP3 gene expression, mitochondrial PTP, and cell death. Genetic or functional ablation of the BNIP3 gene in NF-κB–defective myocytes rescued them from mitochondrial defects and cell death. Conclusions— The data provide new compelling evidence that NF-κB suppresses mitochondrial defects and cell death of ventricular myocytes through a mechanism that transcriptionally silences the death gene BNIP3. Collectively, our data provide new mechanistic insight into the mode by which NF-κB suppresses cell death and identify BNIP3 as a key transcriptional target for NF-κB–regulated expression in ventricular myocytes.
Endocarditis Due to Streptococcus mitis With High-Level Resistance to Penicillin and Ceftriaxone
Authors: Camille Sabella, Daniel Murphy, Jonathan Drummond-Webb
Journal: JAMA (2001)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Aortic Valve Repair Using a Differentiated Surgical Strategy
Authors: Frank Langer, Diana Aicher, Anke Kissinger, Olaf Wendler, Henning Lausberg, Roland Fries, Hans-Joachim Schäfers
Journal: Circulation (2004)

Background— Reconstruction of the aortic valve for aortic regurgitation (AR) remains challenging, in part because of not only cusp or root pathology but also a combination of both can be responsible for this valve dysfunction. We have systematically tailored the repair to the individual pathology of cusps and root. Methods— Between October 1995 and August 2003, aortic valve repair was performed in 282 of 493 patients undergoing surgery for AR and concomitant disease. Root dilatation was corrected by subcommissural plication (n=59), supracommissural aortic replacement (n=27), root remodeling (n=175), or valve reimplantation within a graft (n=24). Cusp prolapse was corrected by plication of the free margin (n=157) or triangular resection (n =36), cusp defects were closed with a pericardial patch (n=16). Additional procedures were arch replacement (n=114), coronary artery bypass graft (n=60) or mitral repair (n=24). All patients were followed-up (follow-up 99.6% complete), and cumulative follow-up was 8425 patient-months (mean, 33±27 months). Results— Eleven patients died in hospital (3.9%). Nine patients underwent reoperation for recurrent AR (3.3%). Actuarial freedom from AR grade ≥II at 5 years was 81% for isolated valve repair, 84% for isolated root replacement, and 94% for combination of both; actuarial freedom from reoperation at 5 years was 93%, 95%, and 98%, respectively. No thromboembolic events occurred, and there was 1 episode of endocarditis 4.5 years postoperatively. Conclusions— Aortic valve repair is feasible even for complex mechanisms of AR with a systematic and individually tailored approach. Operative mortality is low and mid-term durability is encouraging. The incidence of valve-related morbidity is low compared with valve replacement.
HYSTERICAL MONOCULAR AMAUROSIS
Authors: Emory L. Kniskern
Journal: JAMA (1931)

L. W., a woman, aged 21, single, a factory worker, seen, March 2, 1931, complained of blindness of the left eye, which occurred suddenly a half hour before with no other symptoms. She said that everything "went black" before the left eye. Examination showed the left eye to have no light perception. The right eye with correction had normal vision and normal field for white, color field not being taken. Malingering was easily disproved. In the dark room a bright light turned suddenly into the eye caused not the slightest blinking. A sudden motion as near as possible to the eye in a light room likewise was devoid of effect. Just before return of vision, the blinking reaction could be obtained. The pupils were equal, about 3 mm. in diameter in a dim light and not much more than 3.5 mm. in the dark; they contracted but little in the
Editorial: People aren't diseases
Authors: R. H. Mojer
Journal: JAMA (1975)

For many years I have carried on a lonely, futile (admittedly desultory) campaign to combat the depersonalization of sick people through careless language that refers to them by their disease. I have long since come to realize that it is a forlorn task, since most of these dreadful words are so deeply embedded in our medical patois that no editorial crowbar can pry them loose. Some of the words sound more terrible than others, but all are offensive, especially to the hapless patient. Not only must he endure the somatic injury of his disease, but he must suffer the dehumanizing insult of the thoughtless jargon that flows between the White Coats—towering over his bed. He is no longer a sick person; he has become just a sick organ. So loathesome was the term "leper" that popular pressure expunged it from the scientific literature and most of the literate press. It
A Trial of Mercaptomerin in Severe Congestive Heart Failure
Authors: W. D. Alexander
Journal: BMJ (1954)

<h3>Rationale</h3> Although the guidance for using a pMDI is to inhale ‘slow and deeply’, many patients inhale fast over a short duration. The ERS/ISAM Task Force suggested ‘slowly’ equates to inhaling over 4–5 seconds (s) for adults1, a much clearer instruction. This study therefore examined the influence of inhalation time on total lung deposition (TLD) using Functional Respiratory Imaging (FRI). <h3>Methods</h3> Three-dimensional airway models of 6 asthma patients (mean FEV1 83%), treated with an ICS/LABA combination, were included. The lung deposition characteristics of an HFA-based pMDI (MMAD ~3.0μm; fine particle fraction (FPF) ~40%) were assessed using FRI. Simulations were performed on 3 different inhalation profiles matched for the same inspiratory volume (3 L) with durations of 1s, 3s and 5s and actuation at start of inhalation. <h3>Results</h3> For the 1s, 3s and 5s profiles, the TLD values were 22.81 ± 3.71%, 36.13 ± 2.51% and 41.61 ± 3.11% of nominal dose respectively, and were predicted using a concave down quadratic model (R2 = 0.87, p &lt; 0.001). The central to peripheral deposition ratios were 1.58, 0.81 and 0.57 respectively. <h3>Conclusions</h3> A 5 s inhalation led to highest TLD with greatest peripheral deposition. Increased deposition with longer times mainly reflected increased peripheral deposition, central deposition was less affected by flow rate. These data support ERS/ISAM guidance for inhaling over 4–5 sec to optimise deposition, although similar TLD were achieved with 3s. These data also suggest that high FPF pMDIs can achieve reasonable deposition even with short, fast inhalations. <h3>References</h3> Laube BL, <i>et al</i>. ERJ 2011;37(6):1308–417 Disclaimer acknowledgement: Reproduced with permission of the European Respiratory Society: Eur Resp J September 2014; 44, Suppl. 58: In Press
Relationship between trinucleotide repeat expansion and phenotypic variation in Huntington's disease
Authors: Russell G. Snell, John C. MacMillan, Jeremy P. Cheadle, Iain Fenton, Lazarus P. Lazarou, Peter Davies, Marcy E. MacDonald, James F. Gusella, Peter S. Harper, Duncan J. Shaw
Journal: Nature Genetics (1993)
Use of lung centile charts in asthma.
Authors: N Connolly
Journal: Thorax (1972)

Proceedings of the Thoracic Society and pressure measurements were obtained before giving the frusemide intravenously and the changes were followed over a six-hour period in 20 patients.Measurement of dead space-tidal volume ratio and venous admixture was made in 11 patients.Changes in gas exchange were correlated with change in cardiac output.
Clinical course and molecular characterization of a compound heterozygote for sickle hemoglobin and hemoglobin kenya
Authors: John S. Waye, David H. K. Chui, Shi‐Ping Cai, Barry Eng, William H. Francombe
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1992)

Abstract We describe a 25‐year‐old black woman who presented with a long history of anemia requiring transfusions during childhood and adolescence. Molecular analysis revealed her to be a compound heterozygote for the sickle mutation and the ∼22.7 kb deletion associated with hemoglobin Kenya. This patient's clinical course was more severe than previously reported for the Hb S/Hb Kenya genotype, a probable consequence of concomitant iron deficiency. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Interrelation between polyploidization and megakaryocyte differentiation: a gene profiling approach
Authors: Hana Raslova, Audrey Kauffmann, Dalila Sekkaï, Hugues Ripoche, Fréderic Larbret, Thomas Robert, Diana Tronik Le Roux, Guido Kroemer, Najet Debili, Philippe Dessen, Vladimir Lazar, William Vainchenker
Journal: Blood (2006)