tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A MODIFIED ADENOID CURETTE.
Authors: J. F. BARNHILL
Journal: JAMA (1907)

I recently read a paper before the Southern Section of the American Otological, Rhinological and Laryngological Association advocating the removal of adenoids by one sweep of the curette and without the employment of a general anesthetic. Since this paper will soon be published, and since the plan there suggested is easily misinterpreted unless the instruments are inspected, I desire to show the exact method of using them. Note the narrow shanks viewed at distal ends, and the width of same when viewed in profile. Note very narrow rectangular cutting blade. I have so modified the shanks and cutting blade of the Beckman curette that the shanks will occupy practically no space when the instrument is inserted into the nasopharynx. The cutting blade has been so much narrowed that it occupies the minimum of antero-posterior space. The height of the fenestra is also greater than in the Beckman curette. All these
AN ADJUSTABLE BOARD-BED
Authors: L. Hearn
Journal: BMJ (1928)

JOURNlAL_ be somewhat easier.Between November lst and December 24th, ten abscesses developed 'in vaiious parts of the body, most of which were aspirated or incise-d-under novocain.On-two occasions pus was sent for bacteriological examination and inoculatioln of a guinea-pig requested.The first report was as follows: " Thick grumous blood-stained material.Microscopically non-cellular apart from red blood corpuscles.Tubercle bacilli could not be found."No other organisms found.The second report stated:Microscopically it is essentially structuieless, only a few cell-
Growth and cancer.
Authors: C. H. Price
Journal: BMJ (1970)

MEDICALJOUNL mEq/1.).It would therefore seem sensible to attempt to minimize the side effects experienced by the patient by making a special effort to keep the serum lithium in the lower therapeutic ranges.To reduce the peak rise to a minimum the lithium salt should be given in small divided doses at six-hourly intervals.Alternatively the use of a slow release compound might overcome this latter difficulty.One of the practical problems of deter- mining dosage by serum levels is that flame photometer estimations are only performed at selected centres.In Salford, where the estimations are carried out at only one of the hospital laboratories, we have found by a "split sample technique" that whole blood samples kept at room temperature for 24-48 hours give a valid result.If the serum is separated and kept at 4' C., apart from the duration of transportation, a valid reading can be obtained over a longer period.-Iam, etc.,
Abstract 4311: Identification of a subset of peripheral blood cells expressing ALDH1 with chromosomal abnormalities in lung cancer patients suggests these are putative cancer stem cells
Authors: Abha Khanna, Tanweer M. Zaidi, Weigong He, Ricardo Fernandez, Hua-Zhong Zhang, Nancy P. Caraway, Reza Mehran, Randa El-Zein, David P. Blowers, Feng Jiang, Ruth L. Katz
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract The concept that cancers originate from cytogenetically abnormal stem cells (SC) is becoming accepted. Mechanisms by which cancer stem cells (CSC) contribute to tumor initiation and progression are unknown, however CSCs are resistant to chemotherapy and have metastatic potential. ALDH1 is a marker for identifying SCs. Increased ALDH1 expression in lung cancer (LC) was shown to correlate with disease stage and poor survival. Recently we showed that cytogenetically abnormal cells (CACs) similar to those in the primary tumor are present in the peripheral blood (PB) of patients with LC and numbers of CACs correlated with disease stage. We wished to discover if there were PB cells that expressed ALDH1 and showed chromosomal abnormalities (CA), representing CSCs, and if their presence correlated with tumor subtype and survival. Materials and Methods: Prior to resection of lung cancers, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNCs) were isolated from 5 controls and 11 cases of LC. Patients ranged in age from 41-83 years. There were 4 low stage (I-II) and 7 high stage (III-IV) patients. Patients were followed prospectively over a 20 month period. Immunostaining for ALDH1 (BD Pharmingen) was performed, following which FISH for CEP 3, CEP 7, CEP 17 and LSI 9p21 probe set (Abbott Molecular) was performed on relocated ALDH1+ cells. FISH signals were scored for any chromosomal abnormality; deletion or gain. Results: A low percentage of ALDH1+ cells were present in PB of 7/7 adenocarcinoma (ADC), 2/2 non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) 1/2 squamous carcinoma (SQC) patients and in controls. In LC, 53 ALDH1+ cells were detected of which 18 (34%) showed CAs. Controls were negative for CAs. Conclusions: The numbers of ALDH1+ cells with CA tended to increase with stage. Genetically abnormal ALDH1+ cells may represent CSCs and provide a therapeutic target for efficient treatment of lung cancer.Demographic data and chromosomal abnormalities in ALDH1 + cells# casesStageHistologic SubtypeMean/Range % ALDH1+ cellsMean/Range % ALDH1+ cells with chromosomal abnormalities# of Chromosomal Abnormalities in ALDH1+ cellsFollow up in monthsVitals5Controls1 (1-2)00N/AN/A 7I-II2 SQC 2 ADC2.57 (0-9)0.71 (0-3)5 Monosomy 17 (3) Trisomy 9p21 (2)17-207 alive7III-IV2 NSCLC 5 ADC5 (2-12)1.86 (0-4)13, Monosomy 17 (4), gain 9p21 (3) Monosomy 3 (2) trisomy 3, trisomy 17, monosomy 7, monosomy 9p211-202 alive 5 dead Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4311.
Effect of LSD on Human Pregnancy
Authors: William H. McGlothlin
Journal: JAMA (1970)

The frequencies of spontaneous abortions, premature births, and birth defects in 121 human pregnancies following relatively infrequent, low doses of medically administered lysergic acid diethylamide are within the normal ranges. The incidence of spontaneous abortions was above average for a small sample of 27 pregnancies where LSD was ingested under both medical and nonmedical conditions. Spontaneous abortions occurred significantly more frequently when the mother received LSD as opposed to the father only; however, the data do not permit the establishment of a clear causal relationship.
Diagnosis of primary ciliary dyskinesia: searching for a gold standard
Authors: Jane S Lucas, Margaret W Leigh
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Despite advances, standardised methods to diagnose primary ciliary dyskinesia are still needed http://ow.ly/CMYsfSignificant advances have been made in the diagnosis of patients with primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) including centralised services [1-3], European consensus guidelines [4], systematic, protocol-directed diagnostic testing in a national service in the UK [2] and in a PCD research consortium in North America [1], and evidence for standardisation of nasal nitric oxide testing as a test for PCD [5].Moreover, there have been striking advances in discovery of PCD genes and multigene panels in Europe and North America.Despite these developments there remains no ''gold standard'' single, diagnostic test for PCD.Thus, the diagnosis usually requires a number of technically demanding, sophisticated investigations that are not available in many centres or countries.The manuscript by RAIDT et al. [6], in this edition of the European Respiratory Journal, describes a large cohort of patients with defined mutations in multiple PCD genes and the associated abnormalities of ciliary pattern observed by high-speed video-microscopy analysis (HVMA), using freshly obtained nasal epithelium.Their findings are consistent with prior reports of altered ciliary waveforms associated with mutations in specific PCD genes.For example, different mutations in DNAH5 all resulted in minimal residual beating which was disorganised.They also confirmed a previous report [7] suggesting that different mutations in the same gene can be associated with different ciliary patterns, with mutations in DNAH11 resulting in stiff hyperkinetic beating in some families while another patient had mostly static cilia [6].A limitation of the study was small numbers of patients with individual gene defects.Furthermore, it is not clear whether the definition of ciliary beat abnormality was established before or after other diagnostic tests and identification of gene mutations.A prospective, multicentre study will be required to include sufficient families with this rare disease (as well as healthy and disease controls) to fully understand the associations between gene mutations and ciliary function.This study demonstrates the value of genetic testing in PCD and it is hoped that the study will contribute to the availability of genotyping in countries where it is not yet available.
Hospitals allow patients to top up care and continue to get NHS treatment
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2008)

At least 30 hospitals throughout the United Kingdom are using a loophole in rules to allow patients to buy top-up care that their trusts will not fund without jeopardising their patients’ NHS care.

The Department of Health’s guidance A Code of Conduct for Private Practice , issued in April 2003, advises trusts not to allow patients to pay for drugs privately while having NHS treatment. Those patients who choose to buy treatment outside the NHS should then have to pay for all of their treatment privately, it says.

But Nick James, professor of clinical oncology at Birmingham University and consultant in oncology at the city’s Queen Elizabeth Hospital, told the BMJ that he had been allowing patients to top up their care for years. 

“In fact I have been puzzled by …
A Validity Study of the MMPI Alexithymia Subscale Conducted on Migraine Headache Outpatients
Authors: R. Federman, E. Mohns
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1984)

A validity study of Kleiger and Kinsman's MMPI alexithymia subscale was conducted upon a patient population of 56 migraine headache outpatients. Kleiger and Kinsman's initial research was replicated in terms of Beth Israel Hospital Psychosomatic Questionnaire (BIQ) and Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) assessment. Their results were not supported, and, instead, a trend towards an inverse relationship between BIQ ratings and MMPI subscale scores was reported. The findings of the study call into question the validity of the MMPI alexithymia subscale when applied to different patient populations than the respiratory disordered group used by Kleiger and Kinsman for the original MMPI subscale derivation.
NEW OPERATION FOR THE CURE OF INDIRECT INGUINAL HERNIA
Authors: U. C. BATES
Journal: JAMA (1913)

This operation consists in making an incision, about 2 inches long, parallel with Poupart's ligament. The end of the incision should be about one inch above the usual location of the internal ring. The fascia of the external oblique muscle is divided in line of its fibers. The arching fibers of the internal oblique are separated and retracted. The fascia of the transversalis, together with the peritoneum, is opened. If adhesions are encountered they can be broken up by traction and blunt dissection with the finger within the sac. The internal ring, including the neck of the sac, is caught up with an Allison tissue forceps or a hemostat and pulled up to the incision, where a purse-string suture of No. 3 plain [ill]atgut, on a needle, is passed around the circumference of the ring, engaging the fascia of the transversalis except at the junction of the inner and lower
Darkness Visible: A Memoir of Madness
Authors: Donald W. Goodwin
Journal: JAMA (1991)

Several years ago, without warning, William Styron lost a friend. The friend abandoned him "not gradually and reluctantly, as a true friend might, but like a shot—and I was left high and certainly dry." Dry indeed. The friend was alcohol. For 40 years, Styron had (his word) "abused" alcohol. Suddenly, at 60, he could not drink. A "mouthful of wine" caused nausea, wooziness, a sinking feeling, something Styron supposed Antabuse might do—but he was not taking Antabuse. Apparently he had never been treated for a drinking problem. The Antabuse-like reaction had no medical explanation. The author of<i>Lie Down in Darkness</i>and<i>Sophie's Choice</i>missed alcohol terribly. "Like a great many American writers," he wrote, "I used alcohol as the magical conduit to fantasy and euphoria, and to the enhancement of the imagination. There is no need to either rue or apologize for my use of this soothing, often sublime
False-Positive Finding of Brain Metastasis on 18F-FDG PET Imaging Due to Early Subacute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Hari Nandu, Frank Berkowitz, Giuseppe Esposito
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2013)

An F-FDG PET performed for staging of a left lung mass showed a hypermetabolic focus in the left posterior fossa suggestive for brain metastasis. However, subsequent MRI showed restricted diffusion in the left cerebellum indicating a subacute ischemic stroke. Follow-up PET showed resolution of FDG uptake; MRI showed focal left cerebellar encephalomalacia. This case demonstrates visualization of the hypermetabolic inflammatory phase of a subacute ischemic stroke. The rare possibility of a false-positive result for brain metastasis must be recognized, and because focal neurologic symptoms may overlap in brain metastases and stroke, MRI confirmation of positive brain findings on FDG PET is needed.
Abstract 1438: Targeting metabolic enzyme with locked nucleic acids in non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Wen Cai Zhang, Bing Lim
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Despite advances in our knowledge of genetics of cancer and some progress in cancer treatment over the last few decades, lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide. Recently cancer metabolomics have been widely applied into cancer research, including of cancer diagnosis and therapy. Our recent work has identified tumor initiating cells (TICs) derived from non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients and shown that metabolic enzyme glycine decarboxylase (GLDC) is critical for TICs in NSCLC. In the clinic, aberrant activation of GLDC correlates with poorer survival in lung cancer patients. Those findings provide potential diagnostic markers and/or therapeutic target for NSCLC. Locked nucleic acids (LNAs) are novel high-affinity DNA analogs that can be used as genotype-specific drugs. In this study we tested NSCLC patient-derived xenograft tumor growth inhibition by GLDC LNAs antisense oligonucleotides. These LNAs antisense oligonucleotides strongly reduce GLDC protein levels. The osmotic minipumps were filled with GLDC LNAs antisense oligonucleotides at 0.5,1 and 5 mg/kg/day dose and implanted dorsally into tumor-bearing NOD/SCID Il2rγ-/- mice. Tumor growth was inhibited at dosages from 1 mg/kg/day. LNAs antisense oligonucleotides appeared to be non-toxic at dosages of 5 mg/kg/day. Furthermore, we found significant changes of serum metabolomics in lung cancer patients compared to normal donors. Our data show that GLDC LNAs antisense oligonucleotides are potent genotype-specific drugs that can inhibit lung tumor growth in vivo. Note: This abstract was not presented at the meeting. Citation Format: Wen Cai Zhang, Bing Lim. Targeting metabolic enzyme with locked nucleic acids in non-small cell lung cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 1438. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-1438
Target organ damage in black hypertensives.
Authors: G Entwisle, A Y Apostolides, J R Hebel, M M Henderson
Journal: Circulation (1977)

A representative sample of black hypertensives has been appraised to determine candidacy for hypertension treatment. A total of 1759 black residents were successfully screened at home. Forty-one percent of the males and 33% of the females had diastolic blood pressures of 95 mm Hg or greater. They were invited for secondary screening along with those hypertensives controlled on therapy. Clinical and laboratory evidence of cardiovascular disease was common among examined patients who were studied to determine their eligibility for therapy based on criteria of elevated blood pressure (greater than 104 mm Hg) at two visits, or evidence of end organ damage at lowere blood pressure levels. Of patients previously aware of their hypertension but not on therapy, 88% of the males and 67% of the females were considered candidates for therapy. Of patients not previously aware of their elevated blood pressure, 72% of the males and 67% of the females were considered candidates.
Use and misuse of a digoxin assay service.
Authors: I Gibb, J C Cowan, A J Parnham, T H Thomas
Journal: BMJ (1986)

In a study of the use of a digoxin assay service and its influence on clinical management 285 assay requests were audited over 12 weeks. For 67 (24%) there was no clear clinical indication for the request and for 140 the period between the last dose of digoxin being given and the blood sample being taken was either unknown or inappropriate. Treatment in 64 patients (22%) was changed after the assay result was received [corrected]. 24 of these changes bore no relation to the original clinical indication for requesting the assay, suggesting that such changes were based on the assay result alone. Of samples collected within six hours after the last dose, 15 of 69 (22%) led to a reduction in treatment compared with 10 of 116 (9%) taken after six hours (p less than 0.025), thereby highlighting the danger that incorrectly timed samples may lead to inappropriate clinical decisions.
Définition du niveau de risque de dysplasie de haut grade et d'adénocarcinome intra-muqueux (Tis) en fonction de la taille des adénomes. Étude prospective de population à risque moyen de cancer colorectal soumise au dépistage par test Hémoccult®
Authors: JF Bretagne, C Piette, G Mallard, S Manfredi, G Durand
Journal: Endoscopy (2008)

Rationnel: Les résultats de la coloscopie virtuelle amènent à s'interroger sur la taille limite des polypes à partir de laquelle une vidéocoloscopie s'impose après un tel examen de dépistage. Une meilleure connaissance du risque de dysplasie de haut grade (DHG) et d'adénocarcinome en fonction de la taille des adénomes permettrait de mieux répondre à la question.
Comparison of rectosigmoid myoelectrical activity in the irritable colon syndrome during relapses and remissions.
Authors: I Taylor, C Darby, P Hammond
Journal: Gut (1978)

Recent studies have suggested that a high incidence of 0.05 Hz (3 c/m) slow wave electrical activity is present within the rectosigmoid of patients with the irritable colon syndrome during symptomatic phases. However, it is known that this is a chronic relapsing disorder and in this study we have compared myoelectrical recordings, using an on-line frequency analyser, during periods of severe symptoms and asymptomatic phases. Treatment with either bran (in the form of bran tablets) or an antispasmodic resulted in 12 of the 20 patients becoming free from symptoms after one to three months. In those patients who were initially constipated a statistically significant increase in mean stool weight and a decrease in mean transit time occurred, but this was not associated with any alteration in either percentage motility or electrical activity. In patients with predominant diarrhoea no statistically significant difference occurred in either transit time or stool weight after treatment nor did the abnormal myoelectrical activity return towards normal with symptomatic improvement. These results suggest that a fixed basic myoelectrical abnormality exists which is unrelated to symptoms. This may help to explain the chronic relapsing nature of the irritable colon syndrome.
Sucked into the Herceptin maelstrom
Authors: Jane Keidan
Journal: BMJ (2007)

I was diagnosed with HER2 positive breast cancer in August 2005. Before my diagnosis, I had little knowledge of the modern management of breast cancer and, like many patients, used online resources for information. The Breast Cancer Care website was running a campaign to make Herceptin (trastuzumab) available to all HER2+ women and I signed up. I simply could not understand from the data presented on the website and in the media why such an effective agent should be denied to women who, if they relapsed, would receive it anyway. The logic seemed flawed. I wrote letters to everyone—both primary care trusts (PCTs) in the area, the chair of policy at the Cancer Network, my member of parliament, the prime minister, the chief executives of the strategic health authority and the hospital trust—asking when and if the drug would be made available to me and other HER2+ women. 

In the meantime, I was contacted by the Sun newspaper, whose health editor was championing the Herceptin campaign. She was interested in my story—I was both a doctor and a “cancer victim”—and …
Complete Disappearance of Osteoblastic Metastasis in Prostatic Carcinoma
Authors: Roger K. Waage
Journal: JAMA (1977)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The disappearance of osteoblastic metastasis originating from carcinoma of the prostate as described by Catane et al (237:2471, 1977) is not unique to estramustine phosphate. We have a case of complete radiographic disappearance of an osteoblastic metastasis from a carcinoma of the prostate following orchiectomy alone, <h3>Report of a Case.—</h3> A 52-year-old man was seen with acute urinary retention in 1969. He underwent a transurethral resection of the prostate and was found to have an anaplastic adenocarcinoma of the prostate. On that admission he was found to have an asymptomatic osteoblastic metastasis of his L-2 vertebral body; this was confirmed by needle biopsy of that vertebra (Fig 1). He underwent bilateral orchiectomy and was discharged without estrogenic therapy. This patient was again seen in 1973 in urinary retention and underwent a repeat transurethral resection. At that time it was noted that he had a complete roentgenographic clearing
BILATERAL DIAPHRAGMATIC PLEURISY SIMULATING PERFORATED GASTRIC ULCER
Authors: George L. Carrington
Journal: JAMA (1927)

Occasionally, in a child, a respiratory infection beginning on the right side with referred pain has been mistaken by some surgeon for appendicitis and operation has been performed. Less often it has occurred with the adult. Seldom does a respiratory infection masquerade under symptoms suggestive of a perforated abdominal viscus. In the case here reported, however, the abdomen was explored with a preoperative diagnosis of perforated gastric or duodenal ulcer; ten days later a postoperative diagnosis of bilateral diaphragmatic pleurisy was established.  REPORT OF CASE  B. O. V., a white man, aged 50, a clothing salesman, and married, gave a negative family history, except for the facts that his father before death had had frequent attacks of both gallstone and kidney colic; one of his sisters had been operated on for gallstones, and another sister had frequent attacks of indigestion. The patient gave a history of much trouble with indigestion. He had
Outcome measures in case-control studies
Authors: J. Fletcher
Journal: BMJ (2009)

A case-control study was carried out using general practice records to investigate whether a low fibre diet is a risk factor for irritable bowel disease. One hundred new cases of irritable bowel disease and 200 randomly selected controls were found through a search of practice records, and the patients were then approached to be interviewed. Which of the following, if any, could be estimated …
ORTHOSTATIC HYPOTENSION: A NEW RISK FACTOR FOR INCIDENT HEART FAILURE IN COMMUNITY-DWELLING OLDER ADULTS
Authors: Ravi V. Desai, Marjan Mujib, Mustafa Ahmed, Prakash Deedwania, Kannayiram Alagiakrishnan, Gregg C. Fonarow, Daniel E. Forman, Susan Zieman, Michel White, Wilbert Aronow, Ali Ahmed
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)