tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Harmonisation of the acute respiratory infection reporting system in the Czech Republic with the European community networks
Authors: J Kyncl, W  J Paget, M Havlickova, B Kriz
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2005)

Respiratory virus activity is detected in Europe each winter, yet the precise timing and size of this activity is highly unpredictable. The impact of influenza infection and/or acute respiratory infection in European countries is continuously monitored through a variety of surveillance systems. All of these sources of information are used to assess the nature and extent of activity of influenza and other respiratory viruses, and to offer guidance on the prevention and control of morbidity and mortality due to influenza at a local, national and international level. The early warning system for a forthcoming influenza epidemic is mainly based on the use of a set of thresholds. In the Czech Republic, the acute respiratory infection (ARI) reporting system, with automated data processing, uses a statistical model for the early detection of unusual increased rates of the monitored indicators. The collected data consists of the number of ARI, the number of complications due to ARI and the population registered with the reporting general practitioners and paediatricians, all collected separately in five age groups. To improve the reporting system in the Czech Republic, clinical data on the weekly incidence of influenza-like illness (ILI) within the same population and the same age groups was started in January 2004. These data fit the European Commission's recently adopted ILI case definition and allows a better comparison of data with other countries in Europe, in particular those participating in EISS (European Influenza Surveillance Scheme).
Initial serum (1,3)-β-d-glucan as a predictor of mortality in proven candidaemia: findings from a retrospective study in two teaching hospitals in Italy and Brazil
Authors: D.R. Giacobbe, P. Esteves, P. Bruzzi, M. Mikulska, E. Furfaro, A. Mesini, P. Tatarelli, S. Grignolo, C. Viscoli, A.L. Colombo, V. Del Bono
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2015)
Cost effectiveness of community leg ulcer clinics
Authors: Peter J Franks, Christine J Moffatt
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Protecting children from armed conflictChildren affected by war must not be stigmatised as permanently damagedEditor-Southall and Abbasi quote Unicef when they state that the psychological consequences of armed conflict on children are so great that they can rarely be repaired. 1Unicef indeed says that "time does not heal trauma," but there is no sound empirical basis for a generalisation that risks stigmatising whole populations of children affected by war as sick or permanently damaged.Even child survivors of Auschwitz did not turn out like this as a general rule, and there are no published studies of children from non-Western war zones to support such a conlusion.Unicef and other agencies need to review such claims and costly interventions based on them; the claims owe more to prevailing sociocultural assumptions in the West than anything else.Over the past 50 years psychological explanations for life events and the medicalisation of distress have grown hugely.Because many people believe, for example, that rape or other criminal violence, childhood abuse, or even persistent bullying at school is an experience that may have lifelong psychological effects it seems unthinkable that war and atrocity should not do this to almost everyone exposed to them.Constructions of "trauma" deployed in the health field are increasingly expansive and undiscriminating. 2 No one wants to play down what children may suffer, or that war may produce clear psychological dysfunction in some (a minority).But it is not to their mental worlds but to their social worlds that survivors direct their attention, and humanitarian agencies should follow suit.The literature of both anthropology and mental health (in the case of mental health, starting with a classic study by Freud and Burlingham 3 ) shows the positive impact of family and community in buffering the short and longer term effects of war.The concept of child trauma is currently fashionable.But it is the social, cultural, and economic rebuilding of worlds shattered by war (including valued institutions such as schools), allied to urgent issues of equity and justice, which will determine the future wellbeing of several million child survivors worldwide. 4For those for whom this does not happen war may indeed mean a life sentence, but this is not trauma.
Abstract P3-13-10: The maintenance treatment after xeloda contained regimens with xeloda or endocrine for HR positive and HER2 negative MBC patients
Authors: Zefei Jiang, Fan Qi, Shaohua Zhang, Li Bian, Tao Wang, Lei Li
Journal: Cancer Research (2015)

Abstract Objective To discuss the optimizing selection of maintenance treatment after xeloda-contained chemotherapy regimen being applicated in HER-2 negative, HR positive relapsing metastatic breast cancer(MBC) patients, and contrast the curative effect of maintenance treatment with xeloda or endocrine. Methods 119 patients with HER-2 negative, HR positive were enrolled during 2009-2013.All patients taking the xeloda contained chemotherapy regimens to obtain CR,PR or SD were randomly divided into group A(65 cases, maintenance capecitabine therapy 800-1000mg/ m2 bid, orally, Days 1 ∼ 14, q3w)and group B(54 cases, a switch to maintenance endocrine therapy). Endpoints include overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). Results The ages, menopausal status, number of metastases and treatment line numbers had no statistical differences between two groups, and the p value of two therapy co-operative groups was 0.002. There were 37 patients(56.9%)using TX and 28(43.1%)using NX in therapy co-operative group A. There were 39 patients (72.2%)using TX, 9(16.7%)using NX and 6(6%) using regimen containing xeloda in therapy co-operative group B. Progression-free survival was 8 months in patients who follow by xeloda and 12 months in those who follow by endocrine (p&amp;lt;0.01).Conclusion Endocrine therapy after xeloda-contained chemotherapy regimen tend to be more effective than single xeloda therapy for patients with HER-2 negative, HR positive. This results request to be verified by advanced OS data, which was needed to in-depth study in clinic and explore relevant biological indicators. Citation Format: Zefei Jiang, Fan Qi, Shaohua Zhang, Li Bian, Tao Wang, Lei Li. The maintenance treatment after xeloda contained regimens with xeloda or endocrine for HR positive and HER2 negative MBC patients [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirty-Seventh Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2014 Dec 9-13; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(9 Suppl):Abstract nr P3-13-10.
Abstract 5391: Combined Ablation of Junctin and Triadin is Associated with Leaky Ryanodine Receptors and Depressed Cardiac Contractile Function
Authors: Peidong Han, Xiaoyang Zhou, Wen Zhao, Guoli Chen, Shan Chen, Sarah Figueira, Guochang Fan, Paul D Allen, Evangelia G Kranias
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Junctin (JCN) and triadin (TRD) share similar structures and they both function to anchor calsequestrin (CSQ) to the ryanodine receptor (RyR) in the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) quaternary Ca-release complex. In failing human hearts, JCN and TRD protein levels are markedly decreased, implicating alterations in SR Ca-cycling and contractility. To address the role of combined JCN and TRD down-regulation in cardiac function, we generated and characterized a murine model deficient in both JCN and TRD. The double-knockout (DKO) mice presented lower body weight, poor fertility, and an apparent cardiac hypertrophy. In addition, deficiency of both JCN/TRD was associated with decreased peak Ca transient amplitude (34%), prolonged transient decay time (48%) and reduced caffeine-induced SR Ca-release. This depressed contractility was also confirmed at the intact organ (Langendorff perfusion) and whole animal (by echocardiography and catheterization) levels. Furthermore, examination of the properties of Ca sparks, which are informative of ryanodine receptor (RyR) gating , revealed increased frequency in the DKO myocytes, which indicated a larger opening probability of RyR. These findings suggest that the combined JCN/TRD-deficiency is associated with leaky RyR and depressed cardiac Ca-cycling, which may contribute to the progression of heart failure. This research has received full or partial funding support from the American Heart Association, AHA National Center. Table 1. Hemodynamic parameters from echocardiography and catheterization
Aortic Expansion Assessed by Imaging Follow-up after Acute Aortic Syndrome: Effect of Sleep Apnea
Authors: Gilles Barone-Rochette, Frédéric Thony, Laetitia Boggetto-Graham, Olivier Chavanon, Mathieu Rodière, Jean-Louis Pépin, Estelle Vautrin, Patrick Lévy, Gérald Vanzetto, Renaud Tamisier, Jean-Philippe Baguet
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2015)
Psychological benefits of Spiritual Baptist "mourning"
Authors: E E Griffith, G E Mahy
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1984)

Members of the Spiritual Baptist Church in the West Indies engage in a ceremony called "mourning," which involves prayer , fasting, and the experiencing of dreams and visions while in isolation. Twenty-three church members who had undergone the experience were interviewed. Mourners cited six benefits of the practice: relief of depressed mood; attainment of the ability to foresee and avoid danger; improvement in decision-making ability; heightened facility to communicate with God and to meditate ; a clearer appreciation of their racial origins; identification with church hierarchy; and physical cures. Mourning appears to be a viable psychotherapeutic practice for these church members.
The inherent bias in positing an inherence heuristic
Authors: Muhammad Ali Khalidi, Joshua Mugg
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2014)

Abstract There are two problems with Cimpian &amp; Salomon's (C&amp;S's) claim that an innate inherence heuristic is part of our cognitive makeup. First, some of their examples of inherent features do not seem to accord with the authors' own definition of inherence. Second, rather than posit an inherence heuristic to explain why humans rely more heavily on inherent features, it may be more parsimonious to do so on the basis of aspects of the world itself and our relationship to it.
Abstract 12944: Patients With Acute Coronary Syndrome, Compared to Those With Stable Angina Pectoris, Have Increased Bright Spots at the Culprit Site by Optical Coherence Tomography
Authors: Yoshiyasu Minami, Jennifer E Phipps, Taylor Hoyt, Marc D Feldman, Ik-Kyung Jang
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Background: Recent studies reported that bright spots detected by optical coherence tomography (OCT) represent more complex plaques including macrophages and cholesterol crystals. We hypothesized that the density and area of bright spots would be greater at the culprit lesion in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) compared to those with stable angina pectoris (SAP). Aim: To compare the density and extent of bright spots in the culprit lesion between patients with ACS and with SAP. Methods: We identified 14 ACS and 17 SAP patients who underwent pre-PCI OCT imaging of the culprit lesion. Cases with poor image quality or left main disease were excluded. Bright spots within superficial 125μm of the vessel wall were identified in a 5mm length segment at the culprit site. The density was calculated as the number of bright pixels identified by the algorithm divided by the number of pixels in each frame (total 25 frames in one case). The area of bright spots was also calculated. Results: There were no significant differences in the baseline characteristics including mean age (65.9 ± 10.2 vs 65.2 ± 9.32 yrs, P=0.83) and the prevalence of coronary risk factors between ACS and SAP. Mean and maximum density of bright spots was significantly greater in ACS than in SAP (Table). The area of bright spots was also significantly larger in ACS. Among ACS patients, a subgroup with plaque rupture (n=11) had much greater mean density and area compared with SAP (1.20 [0.41-1.73] vs 0.44 [0.21-0.58], P=0.01, 5.32 [1.88-8.07] vs 2.06 [0.97-2.64], P=0.01). Conclusions: Using the novel algorithm, we demonstrate that the density and area of bright spots are significantly greater in ACS than in SAP. This result suggests that the measurement of bright spots can be useful to determine plaque vulnerability.
Asthma and respiratory symptoms among pupils in Malaysian schools-assocations with ethnicity and levels of endotoxin, ergosterol, fungal DNA and allergens in classroom dust
Authors: Dan Norbäck, Pawel Markowicz, Gui-Hong Cai, Zailina Hashim, Faridah Ali, Yi-Wu Zheng, Xu-Xin Lai, Michael Dho Spangfort, Lennart Larsson, Jamal Hisham Hashim
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

We studied associations between respiratory symptoms in pupils, ethnicity and components in school dust in Malaysia. Totally 462 pupils (96%) from 8 randomly selected secondary schools in Johor Bahru, Malaysia, participated. Dust was vacuumed from 32 classrooms and analysed for different endotoxin as 3-hydroxy fatty acids (3-OH), muramic acid, ergosterol, allergens and five fungal DNA sequences. Multiple logistic regression was applied. Totally 13.1% had doctors diagnosed asthma, 10.3% wheeze and 21.1% pollen/pet allergy. Indian and Chinese children had less atopy and asthma than Malay. No cat (Fel d1), dog (Can f 1) or horse allergens (Ecu cx) were detected. The levels of Bloomia tropicalis (Blo t), house dust mite allergens (Der p 1, Der f 1, Der m 1) and cockroach allergens (Per a 1 and Bla g 1) were low. There were positive associations between levels of Aspergillus versicolor DNA and daytime breathlessness, between C14 3-OH and respiratory infections and between ergosterol and doctors diagnosed asthma. There were negative (protective) associations between levels of C10 3-OH and wheeze, between C16 3-OH and day time and night time breathlessness, between cockroach allergens and doctors diagnosed asthma. Moreover there were negative associations between amount of fine dust, total endotoxin (LPS) and respiratory infections. In conclusion, endotoxin in school dust seems to be mainly protective for respiratory illness but different types of endotoxin could have different effects. Fungal contamination, especially of Aspergillus versicolor, can be risk factors. The ethnic differences deserve further attention.
Diarrhea With<i>Clostridium difficile</i>–Positive Stool—Trick or Treat
Authors: Simran Kaur Matta, Alan Greenberg, Aditi Singh
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2015)

This case study serves as a reminder that the routine diagnostic tests for C difficile do not distinguish between active disease and colonization and that clinicians must consider, when appropriate, other potential causes of diarrhea, both infectious and noninfectious.
Diagnosis and clinical course of erotomanic and other delusional patients
Authors: M Rudden, J Sweeney, A Frances
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1990)

Twenty-eight patients with erotomanic delusions were compared with 80 patients with other delusions to clarify questions about diagnosis and course of illness in erotomania. The erotomanic patients were a heterogeneous group with respect to both diagnosis and course. They had significantly more manic symptoms than the comparison group and more affective diagnoses than would be expected from the literature; 25% (N = 7) had schizoaffective disorder and 7% (N = 2) had bipolar disorder. A subgroup of monodelusional erotomanic patients was identified who met the DSM-III-R criteria for delusional disorder, thus supporting the decision to include erotomanic delusions in this diagnostic category in the revision of DSM-III.
CD Rom: The Cochrane Library 1998 Issue 4
Authors: A. G Mulley
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Update Software, £141 for individual subscription, updated quarterly ISBN 0727910892 Rating: ![Graphic][1]</img>![Graphic][2]</img>![Graphic][3]</img>![Graphic][4]</img> Illness and its treatment are often transforming experiences. It follows that decisions about treatment can be fateful for patients. Such decisions ought to be informed by the best evidence regarding the effectiveness of available interventions. However, timely access to the best evidence is elusive. It requires an organisational and analytical enterprise so prodigious that, until now, it has been beyond the grasp of individual clinicians and the profession as a whole. The Cochrane Library represents a formidable attempt to provide a response worthy of the vision of effective and efficient health care articulated decades … [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif [2]: /embed/inline-graphic-2.gif [3]: /embed/inline-graphic-3.gif [4]: /embed/inline-graphic-4.gif
Impairment‐driven cancer rehabilitation: An essential component of quality care and survivorship
Authors: Julie K. Silver, Jennifer Baima, R. Samuel Mayer
Journal: CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians (2013)

Answer questions and earn CME/CNE Adult cancer survivors suffer an extremely diverse and complex set of impairments, affecting virtually every organ system. Both physical and psychological impairments may contribute to a decreased health‐related quality of life and should be identified throughout the care continuum. Recent evidence suggests that more cancer survivors have a reduced health‐related quality of life as a result of physical impairments than due to psychological ones. Research has also demonstrated that the majority of cancer survivors will have significant impairments and that these often go undetected and/or untreated, and consequently may result in disability. Furthermore, physical disability is a leading cause of distress in this population. The scientific literature has shown that rehabilitation improves pain, function, and quality of life in cancer survivors. In fact, rehabilitation efforts can ameliorate physical (including cognitive) impairments at every stage along the course of treatment. This includes prehabilitation before cancer treatment commences and multimodal interdisciplinary rehabilitation during and after acute cancer treatment. Rehabilitation appears to be cost‐effective and may reduce both direct and indirect health care costs, thereby reducing the enormous financial burden of cancer. Therefore, it is critical that survivors are screened for both psychological and physical impairments and then referred appropriately to trained rehabilitation health care professionals. This review suggests an impairment‐driven cancer rehabilitation model that includes screening and treating impairments all along the care continuum in order to minimize disability and maximize quality of life. CA Cancer J Clin 2013;63:295‐317. © 2013 American Cancer Society.
MicroRNA signatures differentiate preserved from reduced ejection fraction heart failure
Authors: Chris J. Watson, Shashi K. Gupta, Eoin O'Connell, Sabrina Thum, Nadezhda Glezeva, Jasmin Fendrich, Joe Gallagher, Mark Ledwidge, Lea Grote‐Levi, Kenneth McDonald, Thomas Thum
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2015)

Aims Differentiation of heart failure with reduced ( HFrEF ) or preserved ( HFpEF ) ejection fraction independent of echocardiography is challenging in the community. Diagnostic strategies based on monitoring circulating microRNA ( miRNA ) levels may prove to be of clinical value in the near future. The aim of this study was to identify a novel miRNA signature that could be a useful HF diagnostic tool and provide valuable clinical information on whether a patient has HFrEF or HFpEF . Methods and results MiRNA biomarker discovery was carried out on three patient cohorts, no heart failure (no‐ HF ), HFrEF , and HFpEF , using Taqman miRNA arrays. The top five miRNA candidates were selected based on differential expression in HFpEF and HFrEF ( miR ‐30c, −146a, −221, −328, and −375), and their expression levels were also different between HF and no‐ HF . These selected miRNAs were further verified and validated in an independent cohort consisting of 225 patients. The discriminative value of BNP as a HF diagnostic could be improved by use in combination with any of the miRNA candidates alone or in a panel. Combinations of two or more miRNA candidates with BNP had the ability to improve significantly predictive models to distinguish HFpEF from HFrEF compared with using BNP alone (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve &gt;0.82). Conclusion This study has shown for the first time that various miRNA combinations are useful biomarkers for HF , and also in the differentiation of HFpEF from HFrEF . The utility of these biomarker combinations can be altered by inclusion of natriuretic peptide. MiRNA biomarkers may support diagnostic strategies in subpopulations of patients with HF .
Abstract 129: Assessment of Reperfusion Effects in an Extracorporeal Life Support and Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Cardiac Arrest Model in Rats by Cerebral Microdialysis
Authors: Andreas Schober, Alexandra M Warenits, Christoph Testori, Wolfgang Weihs, Arthur Hosmann, Ingrid Magnet, Florian Ettl, Daniel Grassmann, Christian Clodi, Christoph Schriefl, Sandra Högler, Thomas Scherer, Anton Laggner, Fritz Sterz, Andreas Janata, Markus Zeitlinger
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Background:  Comparison of ischemia- and reperfusion markers determined by brain microdialysis in a model of two different reperfusion methods after ventricular fibrillation (VF) cardiac arrest in rats. The goal was to establish online measurement of ischemic stress and reperfusion to guide an experimental approach and future therapies.   Methods:  Male Sprague-Dawley rats were used in a model of 8 minutes VF cardiac arrest. Microdialysis assessment was performed in the right hippocampal CA1 region with 4 baseline and 6 intervention samples. Probe placement was verified histologically after necropsy. Sampling was performed at 1μl/min with 8 minutes intervals. Lactate and pyruvate were assessed. Lactate/pyruvate ratios, reflecting ischemia, were calculated during extracorporeal life support (ECLS), with cardiopulmonary bypass and were compared to cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). A sham group was used for baseline assessment. In this preliminary analysis one animal was used in each group.   Results:  Return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) was achieved in both intervention animals after 4 minutes of reperfusion. The lactate/ pyruvate ratio increased 6 fold in intervention animals after cardiac arrest, while sham measurements showed a constant baseline (Figure 1). The normalization of lactate/pyruvate ratio after ROSC differed in intervention animals, showing faster normalization in CPR and slower decline in ECLS.   Conclusions:  To our knowledge this is the first report of cerebral microdialysis in a cardiac arrest reperfusion model in rats comparing ECLS and CPR. Reperfusion strategies seem to affect the release of hypoxia markers. This model could be used for investigation of different resuscitation regimens and subsequently for guiding clinical strategies. Further data is needed to validate these results.  Figure: Lactate/pyruvate ratios of Sham (red), CPR (blue) and ECLS (black) animal. X-axis: count of measurements. Y-axis: lactate pyruvate ratio.