tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 5762: A Randomized Double-Blind Study to Assess the Onset and Offset of the Antiplatelet Effects of Ticagrelor versus Clopidogrel in Patients With Stable Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Paul Gurbel, Kevin Bliden, Kathleen Butler, Udaya Tantry, Renli Teng, Mark Antonino, Shankar B Patil, Arun Karunakaran, Dean Kereiakes, Cordel Paris, Dolby Rsch, Drew Purdy, Jorge Saucedo, Vance Wilson, Gary Ledley, Robert F Storey
Journal: Circulation (2009)

Background: Rapid and consistent inhibition of platelet aggregation (IPA) confers protection against the occurrence of ischemic events, and reversible inhibition may be desirable for patients who require surgery. The ONSET-OFFSET study was conducted in patients with stable coronary artery disease (CAD) to characterize the onset and offset of IPA associated with ticagrelor (T), the first reversibly binding oral P2Y 12 receptor antagonist, and compare them with those associated with clopidogrel (C). Methods: In a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, parallel-group study, 123 patients with stable CAD currently receiving aspirin (75–100mg) were randomized to doses of T (180 mg loading, 90 mg bid maintenance [n=57]), C (600 mg loading, 75 mg qd maintenance [n=54]) or placebo (n=12) for 6 weeks. Curves for T for onset of IPA (final extent, 20 uM ADP) post loading dose and offset of IPA were compared to those for C. Onset treatment effects were analyzed by the Wilcoxon rank sum test; offset treatment effects were analyzed by random coefficients model. Results: After the loading dose, more rapid onset of IPA occurred with T compared with C at 0.5 h (41±33% vs 8±10%, p&lt;0.0001), 1 h (79±25% vs 23±26%, p&lt;0.0001), and 2 h (88±15 % vs 38±32%, p&lt;0.0001). Higher IPA for T was consistently maintained during maintenance therapy (p&lt;0.0001 at all times). More patients in the T group than in the C group achieved &gt;50% IPA (98% vs 31%, p&lt;0.0001) and &gt;70% IPA (90% vs 16%, p&lt;0.0001) at 2 h post loading dose. At 24 h after the last dose of T, mean IPA was 58% for T vs 52% for C (p=NS). A faster offset rate for IPA was observed after the last dose of T than for C from 4 to 72 h [slope (% IPA/h): −1.037 vs. −0.482, p&lt;0.0001]. Mean IPA for T at 72 h postdose (Day 3) was comparable to C at 120 h (Day 5). Mean IPA on Day 5 for T was similar to that for C on Day 7, both of which were not statistically different from placebo (p&lt;0.05). Conclusions: Ticagrelor achieves more rapid and greater sustained IPA than clopidogrel. Moreover, after drug cessation the antiplatelet effect of ticagrelor had a faster offset. These results suggest value of ticagrelor when treatment protocol calls for rapid platelet inhibition or prompt offset of effect.
Manual of Pulmonary Function Testing
Authors: Gregg L. Ruppel
Journal: Thorax (1987)

Chapter 1. Indications for Pulmonary Function Testing Chapter 2. Spirometry and Related Tests Chapter 3. Lung Volumes and Gas Distribution Tests Chapter 4. Ventilation and Ventilatory Control Tests Chapter 5. Diffusing Capacity Tests Chapter 6. Blood Gases and Related Tests Chapter 7. Cardiopulmonary Exercise Tests Chapter 8. Specialized Test Regimens Chapter 9. Pulmonary Function Equipment Chapter 10. Quality Assurance in the Pulmonary Function Laboratory APPENDICES A. Answers to Self Assessment Questions B. Reference Values C. Conversion and Correction Factors D. Regulation and Regulatory Agencies E. Equations F. Sample Calculations G. The Mean and the Standard Deviation GLOSSARY
Abstract 16248: Comparison of a Non-Invasive Respiratory Volume Monitor to End-Tidal CO2 in Measuring Changes in Minute Ventilation
Authors: George Williams, Eamon Fleming, Christopher Voscopoulos
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Introduction: Monitoring respiratory performance is a challenge. Use of secondary indicators like oxygen saturation (SpO 2 ) and capnography (EtCO 2 ) have introduced delay in diagnosis and can produce false alarms. EtCO 2 in non-intubated patients has been problematic. We compared performance of an EtCO 2 monitor to a respiratory volume monitor (RVM), which provides accurate (error &lt;10%) measurements of minute ventilation (MV), tidal volume &amp; respiratory rate, to assess changes in respiratory status in non-intubated subjects. Methods: Continuous RVM (ExSpiron, Respiratory Motion, Waltham, MA) and capnography data (Capnostream 20, SmartCapnoLine Plus &amp; Filterline Set, Covidien, Mansfield, MA) were collected from 39 subjects. The relationship between EtCO 2 &amp; MV for each patient was quantified &amp; EtCO 2 sensitivity to MV changes and mean EtCO 2 values were compared across the two EtCO 2 sampling techniques (paired t-test). Results: A strong negative correlation between MV changes and EtCO 2 changes was found (similar between nasal sampling (NS) and in-line sampling (IS) ( -0.6 ±0.1 v -0.7±0.1 mmHg/(L/min), p&gt;0.1, Fig 1A)). IS readings were higher than NS for each patient. In the same patients (normal breathing) the average IS EtCO 2 was 36.7 ±0.7 vs 33.7±0.6 mmHg for NS (p&lt;0.01) despite larger MV (8.74 ±0.5 vs 7.0±0.5 L/min). Similar disparity was present during hypo &amp; hyperventilation (Fig 1B&amp;C). Regardless of sampling methodology, EtCO 2 displayed poor resolution in response to large swings in MV (13 &amp; 14 mmHg in response to 17 &amp; 21 fold increase in MV; IS &amp; NS, respectively). Conclusions: Under controlled experimental conditions &amp; with an in-line sensor capable of capturing 100% of exhaled air, EtCO 2 did not report large swings in MV with fidelity. Commonly used nasal sampling introduced a systematic bias that could further delay informing clinicians of dangerously low MV. RVM provides a direct measure of MV, eliminating the lag between a change in MV and secondary measurements.
ADDISON'S DISEASE: EVALUATION OF SYNTHETIC DESOXYCORTICOSTERONE ACETATE THERAPY IN 158 PATIENTS
Authors: George W. Thorn, Samuel S. Dorrance, Emerson Day
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1942)

Excerpt Introduction The immediate and favorable response of patients with Addison's disease to synthetic desoxycorticosterone acetate therapy is now well established.1, 2, 3, 4, 5The effect which ...
Effect of endothelial nitric oxide synthase on epidermal permeability barrier recovery after disruption
Authors: K. Ikeyama, M. Denda
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2010)

We previously demonstrated that neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) in epidermal keratinocytes is associated with epidermal permeability barrier homeostasis.In the present study, we examined the contributions of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) to epidermal permeability barrier homeostasis.We measured the barrier recovery rate after tape stripping of the epidermis of iNOS and eNOS knockout mice, and carried out electron-microscopic observation of the epidermis after acetone treatment.The barrier recovery rate of eNOS knockout mice was significantly faster than that of the wild-type control, while no significant difference was observed between iNOS knockout mice and wild-type mice. Electron-microscopic observation at 1 h after acetone treatment indicated that barrier recovery of both nNOS and eNOS mice was faster than that of wild-type mice, and lamellar body secretion was accelerated in both types of knockout mice.These results suggested that both nNOS and eNOS play roles in epidermal barrier homeostasis and lamellar body secretion.
Abstract 20002: Prevalence of Coronary Atherosclerosis in an Unselected Autopsy population in a Tertiary Care Centre in South India
Authors: Sandeep G Nair, Sunitha Viswanathan, P Rema, Sarath Kumar, Kiran Gopinath
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Background: Autopsy studies may be an effective method of identifying population trends in coronary atherosclerosis, which is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the industrial world. We aimed to study the prevalence of coronary atherosclerosis in an unselected group of medico-legal autopsies.

Methods: Cross sectional study conducted on 300 consecutive autopsies from February to April 2013. The heart specimens were weighed and gross morphology studied. Serial sections (3mm apart) of coronary arteries were examined for gross atherosclerosis. In the first 100 specimens, macroscopic atherosclerotic lesions were biopsied and graded by histopathology and in their absence, sections from each of the coronary artery segments were examined.

Results: The mean age group was 46.28 ±18 yrs and females accounted for 22.6% of the population studied. Cardiac event as a cause of death was identified in 6.3% of the study population. By visual assessment, significant atherosclerotic luminal stenosis (defined as ≥50% area stenosis in Left Main Coronary Artery (LMCA) & ≥75% area stenosis in other vessels) was identified in 68 (22.6%) of cases. Out of these, isolated significant LMCA disease was found in 7 (2.3%) of cases, LMCA + Single Vessel Disease (SVD) was found in 5 (1.7%) cases, LMCA+ two vessel disease (2VD) was found in 4 (1.3%) of the cases and LMCA+ three vessel disease (3VD) was found in 1(0.3%) case, SVD in 37 (12.3%) cases and 2VD in 14 (4.7%) cases. Histopathology revealed significant atheroma (≥ Grade 4 by American Heart Association grading) in 61% of cases, of which, isolated significant LMCA disease was found in 3% and 3VD in 7% of cases. Visual assessment of significant atherosclerosis was 85% sensitive and 91.25% specific compared to histopathology, the gold standard.

Conclusions: Although cardiac cause of death could be identified only in 6.3% of cases, significant coronary atherosclerosis was identified in 22% of gross specimens and 61% of histopathology specimens, highlighting the high prevalence of significant subclinical coronary atherosclerosis in the study population. Visual assessment has good sensitivity and specificity for detection of significant coronary atherosclerosis.
Hidden Risks of Blood Transfusions
Authors: Hina N. Mehta, Xue Chi, Fred R. Buckhold
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
1045. Neonatal Tolerance Induction by Repetitive DNA Vaccination
Authors: An-Bang Liu, Kuo-Feng Tai, Shinn-Zong Lin
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2004)

Background and Aims: Host immune response against the transgenic protein plays a crucial role in the success of gene therapy of inherited diseases. In addition to use immunosuppressant therapy or immunomodulation, we try to induce neonatal tolerance by repetitive DNA vaccination to attenuate host immune responses.
Mesanenin Kasa İnvaziv Olmayan Değici Epitel Hücreli Karsinomu Mevcut Hastalarda Postoperatif Tek Doz Gemsitabin Uygulaması: Randomize, Çift-Kör, Plasebo Kontrollü Faz III Çok Merkezli Bir Çalışma
Authors: Andreas Böhle, Herbert Leyh, Christian Frei, Michael Kühn, Reinhold Tschada, Tobias Pottek, Walter Wagner, Helmut H. Knispel, Wolfgang von Pokrzywnitzki, Ferruh Zorlu, Karin Helsberg, Birgit Lübben, Victoria Soldatenkova, Clemens Stoffregen, Hartwig Büttner j
Journal: European Urology (2009)
TREATMENT OF HEMOLYTIC STREPTOCOCCIC MENINGITIS WITH PARA-AMINO-BENZENE-SULFONAMIDE; REPORT OF A CASE, WITH RECOVERY
Authors: James G. Arnold
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1937)

Case Reports1 February 1937TREATMENT OF HEMOLYTIC STREPTOCOCCIC MENINGITIS WITH PARA-AMINO-BENZENE-SULFONAMIDE; REPORT OF A CASE, WITH RECOVERYJAMES G. ARNOLD JR., M.D.JAMES G. ARNOLD JR., M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-10-8-1198 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThe observations of European investigators and more recently of Long1, 2and Schwentker3in this country on the treatment of beta hemolytic streptococcic infections by para-amino-benzene-sulfonamide suggested to the author the use of this drug in infections of the central nervous system. The opportunity presented itself to try this drug on a case of fulminating meningitis following a middle ear and mastoid infection admitted to the Neurosurgical Service of Dr. Charles Bagley, Jr., at the University of Maryland Hospital on December 18, 1936. The dosage used in the treatment of this case was the same as that used by Schwentker3...Bibliography1. LONGBLISS PHEA: Para-amino-benzene-sulfonamide and its derivatives, Jr. Am. Med. Assoc., 1937, cviii, 32-37. CrossrefGoogle Scholar2. LONG PH: Personal communication. Google Scholar3. SCHWENTKER FF: Personal communication. Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Baltimore, Maryland*Presented before the Neuropsychiatric Section of the Baltimore City Medical Society, January 14, 1937.From the Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland Medical School, Baltimore, Maryland. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byThe Diagnosis and Treatment of Otitic Meningitis 1 February 1937Volume 10, Issue 8Page: 1198-1204KeywordsCentral nervous systemDrugsEar infectionsMeningitisNeurosurgeryStreptococcal infections ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 February 1937 PDF downloadLoading ...
MiR-26a Rescues Bone Regeneration Deficiency of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Derived From Osteoporotic Mice
Authors: Yan Li, Longkun Fan, Jiang Hu, Leilei Zhang, Li Liao, Shiyu Liu, Dan Wu, Ping Yang, Lijuan Shen, Jihua Chen, Yan Jin
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2015)

Osteoporosis, caused by a relative increase of bone resorption over bone formation, is characterized by decreased bone mass and bone strength, resulting in an increased incidence of bone fractures, which often leads to further disability and early mortality in the elderly due to impaired bone healing ability. The majority of therapeutics currently used in clinics for the treatment of osteoporosis are antiresorptive agents that exert their clinical effect by decreasing the rate of bone resorption. However, strategies solely aimed at antiresorption have limited therapeutic efficacy in restoring bone remodeling balance and enhancing osteoporotic fracture healing. Here, we report that miR-26a plays a critical role in modulating bone formation during osteoporosis. We found that miR-26a treatment could effectively improve the osteogenic differentiation capability of mesenchymal stem cells isolated from littermate-derived ovariectomized osteoporotic mice both in vitro and in vivo. MiR-26a exerts its effect by directly targeting Tob1, the negative regulator of BMP/Smad signaling pathway by binding to the 3′-untranslated region and thus repressing Tob1 protein expression. Our findings indicate that miR-26a may be a promising therapeutic candidate to enhance bone formation in treatment of osteoporosis and to promote bone regeneration in osteoporotic fracture healing. Osteoporosis, caused by a relative increase of bone resorption over bone formation, is characterized by decreased bone mass and bone strength, resulting in an increased incidence of bone fractures, which often leads to further disability and early mortality in the elderly due to impaired bone healing ability. The majority of therapeutics currently used in clinics for the treatment of osteoporosis are antiresorptive agents that exert their clinical effect by decreasing the rate of bone resorption. However, strategies solely aimed at antiresorption have limited therapeutic efficacy in restoring bone remodeling balance and enhancing osteoporotic fracture healing. Here, we report that miR-26a plays a critical role in modulating bone formation during osteoporosis. We found that miR-26a treatment could effectively improve the osteogenic differentiation capability of mesenchymal stem cells isolated from littermate-derived ovariectomized osteoporotic mice both in vitro and in vivo. MiR-26a exerts its effect by directly targeting Tob1, the negative regulator of BMP/Smad signaling pathway by binding to the 3′-untranslated region and thus repressing Tob1 protein expression. Our findings indicate that miR-26a may be a promising therapeutic candidate to enhance bone formation in treatment of osteoporosis and to promote bone regeneration in osteoporotic fracture healing.
Oestrogen replacement after oophorectomy: Authors' reply
Authors: C H. M Anderson, K S. Raju
Journal: BMJ (1992)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Stroke is the largest cause of complex disability in adults. Approximately half of right-hemisphere stroke survivors suffer spatial neglect–an inability to voluntarily orient to people or objects in contralesional space. Neglect is a significant impediment to successful community reintegration. Prism adaptation (PA) is a promising behavioural intervention that can alleviate symptoms of spatial neglect. PA induces a leftward pointing bias–the prism after-effect (AE). In neglect, the prism AE generalises to improve other sensory, motor, and cognitive domains. Although the formation of an AE is a key index in neglect, we do not yet know where it is formed in the brain. Here, we used a novel computational fMRI-based approach to study, for the first time, the brain circuits that mediate the formation of PA in stroke survivors and age matched controls. Healthy individuals (<i>n</i> = 17) and stroke patients (<i>n</i> = 11) performed prism adaptation during fMRI. Temporal signatures of memory formation were extracted from the behavioural data using a state-space model and regressed against the fMRI data. This revealed that, in both groups, fMRI signal in left sensorimotor cortex correlated with the gradual formation of the prism after-effect during adaptation. This indicates that the sensorimotor cortex may be a useful target for neuromodulation that aims to improve the persistence of therapeutic prism after effects.
Abstract P276: Gender Associated With Youth Physical Activity Independent of Neighborhood Safety Factors
Authors: Andrew S Wiemken, Freda Patterson, Alexandra Hanlon
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Introduction: Low levels of physical activity in youth remains a significant public health problem, particularly among urban youth where less than 30% achieve the recommended 60 minutes of moderate to vigorous activity per day. Elucidating the determinants of urban youth physical activity levels is important for informing programming efforts. Ecological models of health behavior recognize the role that environmental features play in activity levels. To date, the role of neighborhood safety on urban youth activity levels has yet to be fully considered. Hypothesis: Neighborhood safety is expected to be associated with physical activity levels, independent of known determinants of youth activity levels including gender, race, age, current alcohol and tobacco use, overweight status and poor mental health. METHODS: Cross-sectional data collected by the Centers for Disease Control funded Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS) were used for his analysis. Participants were 9th-12th grade high school students enrolled in the Philadelphia school district. Bivariate logistical regression accounting for the YRBS sampling procedures was used to examine the association between perceived neighborhood safety and physical activity levels. Perceived neighborhood safety was defined as feeling safe walking in the neighborhood during the day and at night. Being physically active was defined as achieving at least 60 minutes of activity on 5 of more days of the week. RESULTS: The weighted sample (N=35,005) were mostly Black (57.5%), 50% were male and 66% were 16 years and older. Neighborhood safety was significantly associated with activity levels: 42% of youth who perceived their neighborhood as safe were active as compared to 32% who reported their neighborhood as unsafe (χ 2 = 1.48, p&lt;.05). However, in a fully controlled regression model, gender remained as the only significant correlate of activity. Specifically, males reported a 2-fold greater odds of being active than females (OR=2.06, p&lt;.001). CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that independent of neighborhood safety and other risk behaviors for inactivity, gender emerges as the only significant correlate of physical activity. Gender specific programming to improve physical activity in urban adolescent females is urgently needed.
The effect of systemic psoriasis therapies on the incidence of myocardial infarction: a cohort study
Authors: K. Abuabara, H. Lee, A.B. Kimball
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2011)

Psoriasis confers an independent risk of cardiovascular disease that is likely to be related to systemic inflammation. Anti-inflammatory treatment could theoretically reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease, and initial data suggest that treatment may reduce the incidence of cardiovascular risk factors.To determine the impact of anti-inflammatory therapy on the risk of acute myocardial infarction (MI) in patients with moderate-to-severe psoriasis.Cohort study using administrative and pharmacy claims data from a large U.S. insurer comparing patients with psoriasis aged ≥ 18 years receiving systemic immunomodulatory therapies (methotrexate, ciclosporin, alefacept, efalizumab, adalimumab, etancercept and infliximab) with a control group treated with ultraviolet B phototherapy that has limited systemic anti-inflammatory effects. The risk of acute MI was calculated using a proportional hazards model while controlling for sex, age, hypertension, hyperlipidaemia, diabetes and depression. Significant interaction terms were included in the final model.The study group included 25,554 patients with psoriasis receiving systemic treatment or phototherapy. There was a trend towards an increased risk of MI in the systemic treatment group but not a significant difference in overall MI risk [hazard ratio (HR) 1·33, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0·90-1·96]. Additionally, there was a significant interaction with age: in patients under 50 years the HR for MI if receiving systemic therapy was 0·65 (95% CI 0·32-1·34), and in patients aged 50-70 years it was 1·37 (95% CI 0·79-2·38).Overall, there does not appear to be a reduced risk of MI in patients with psoriasis receiving systemic therapy compared with a group undergoing phototherapy. The risk of MI may vary by age.
Screening Recommendations for Chlamydia and Gonorrhea
Authors: Victoria R. Sharon, April W. Armstrong
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2015)

Dermatologists diagnose and treat sexually transmitted infections with varying frequency, and have an opportunity to monitor at-risk individuals for chlamydia and gonorrhea. What are the recommended screening guidelines for chlamydia and gonorrhea in men and women in the United States?While the evidence for screening men for chlamydia and gonorrhea remains insufficient at this time, all sexually active females younger than 25 years and all older women at risk for infection should be screened for both chlamydia and gonorrhea.