tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
B‐ and T‐cell epitopes of tropomyosin, the major shrimp allergen
Authors: P. V. Subba Rao, D. Rajagopal, K. A. Ganesh
Journal: Allergy (1998)

The major crustacean allergen characterized from different species of shrimp is the muscle protein tropomyosin. Two shared epitopes corresponding to 47-63 and 150-158 of the deduced amino-acid sequence of the brown shrimp, M. ensis, were identified as IgE-binding B-cell epitopes. A 21-mer peptide spanning the amino-acid residues 261-281 was identified as a putative T-cell epitope capable of reducing ongoing tropomyosin-specific IgG and IgE responses in a mouse model. These observations suggest that peptide immunotherapy may also be effective in the treatment of food hypersensitivity.
Overdependence on the host?an Achilles' heel of HCV?
Authors: Jeffrey S. Glenn, Hartmut Jaeschke, Kevin Mullen, Darius Moradpour
Journal: Hepatology (2004)

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA replication depends on viral protein association with intracellular membranes, but the influence of membrane composition on viral replication is unclear. We report that HCV RNA replication and assembly of the viral replication complex require geranylgeranylation of one or more host proteins. In cultured hepatoma cells, HCV RNA replication was disrupted by treatment with lovastatin, an inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methyglutaryl CoA reductase, or with an inhibitor of protein geranylgeranyl transferase I, each of which induced the dissolution of the HCV replication complex. Viral replication was not affected by treatment of cells with an inhibitor of farnesyl transferase. When added to lovastatin-treated cells, geranylgeraniol, but not farnesol, restored replication complex assembly and viral replication. Inasmuch as the HCV genome does not encode a canonical geranylgeranylated protein, the data suggest the involvement of a geranylgeranylated host protein in HCV replication. Inhibition of its geranylgeranylation affords a therapeutic strategy for treatment of HCV infection.
Sustained Reduction of In-Stent Neointimal Growth With the Use of a Novel Systemic Nanoparticle Paclitaxel
Authors: Frank D. Kolodgie, Michael John, Charanjit Khurana, Andrew Farb, Patricia S. Wilson, Eduardo Acampado, Neil Desai, Patrick Soon-Shiong, Renu Virmani
Journal: Circulation (2002)

Paclitaxel (PXL)-eluting stents in animals cause incomplete healing and, in some instances, a lack of sustained suppression of neointimal growth. The present study tested the efficacy of a novel systemic delivery nanoparticle PXL for reducing in-stent restenosis.A saline-reconstituted formulation of PXL stabilized by albumin nanoparticles (nPXL) was tested in 38 New Zealand White rabbits receiving bilateral iliac artery stents. Doses of nPXL (1.0 to 5.0 mg/kg) were administered as a 10-minute intra-arterial infusion; control animals received vehicle (0.9% normal saline). In a follow-up chronic experiment, nPXL 5.0 mg/kg was given at stenting with or without an intravenous 3.5-mg/kg repeat nPXL dose at 28 days; these studies were terminated at 3 months. At 28 days, mean neointimal thickness was reduced (P< or =0.02) by doses of nPXL > or =2.5 mg/kg with evidence of delayed healing. The efficacy of a single dose of nPXL 5.0 mg/kg, however, was lost by 90 days. In contrast, a second repeat dose of nPXL 3.5 mg/kg given 28 days after stenting resulted in sustained suppression of neointimal thickness at 90 days (P< or =0.009 versus single dose nPXL 5.0 mg/kg and controls) with nearly complete neointimal healing.Although systemic nPXL reduces neointimal growth at 28 days, a single repeat dose was required for sustained neointimal suppression. Thus, this novel systemic formulation of PXL may allow adjustment of dose at the stent treatment site and prove to be a useful adjunct for the clinical prevention of in-stent restenosis.
CORTICAL EXTRACT FOR BROMIDE INTOXICATION
Authors: Frederick Lemere
Journal: JAMA (1941)

To the Editor:—  In the March 1 issue ofThe Journalis a communication from Alfred Gilman, Ph.D., of Yale University, objecting on theoretical grounds to the use of adrenal cortex extract in the treatment of bromide intoxication as described by Bondurant and Campbell in the January 11 issue ofThe Journal. As adrenal cortex extract has been advocated by these authors, I would like to substantiate Dr. Gilman's theoretical objection by reporting that 5 patients with bromide intoxication, each treated with a total of 35 mg. of adrenal cortex extract and salt, failed to recover more rapidly than the usual patient treated by salt alone.  The most rapid method of eliminating bromides still seems to be by gastric lavage of the hydrobromic acid secreted by the stomach.
Radiation-Induced Splenic Atrophy in Patients with Hodgkin's Disease and Non-Hodgkin's Lymphomas
Authors: Morris O. Dailey, C. Norman Coleman, Henry S. Kaplan
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1980)

Effective treatment of Hodgkin's disease renation of the extent of the disease. This usually involves staging laparotomy, which includes splenectomy and biopsies of the para-aortic lymph nodes, liver, and bone marrow. Absence of the spleen predisposes a person to fulminant septicemia from encapsulated bacteria, a risk even greater in patients undergoing treatment for Hodgkin's disease.1 For this reason, some investigators have suggested that spleens not be removed for diagnosis but, rather, that they be included within the fields of radiation, which would preserve normal splenic function.2 , 3 We present a case of fatal spontaneous pneumococcal sepsis in a patient with splenic . . .
Neuronal and muscular correlates consistent with Plamondon's theory: Velocity coding and temporal activation patterns
Authors: Uta Herrmann, John F. Soechting
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1997)

This commentary cites several findings of neuromuscular research that are consistent with aspects of Plamondon's kinematic theory. In addition, we point out certain biomechanical properties of the limb that influence the requirements for the production of accurate movement, and might thus compromise the global applicability of any law governing speed/accuracy trade-offs.
Characterization of intratumoral follicular helper T cells in follicular lymphoma: role in the survival of malignant B cells
Authors: P Amé-Thomas, J Le Priol, H Yssel, G Caron, C Pangault, R Jean, N Martin, T Marafioti, P Gaulard, T Lamy, T Fest, G Semana, K Tarte
Journal: Leukemia (2011)
General practitioners' retirement plans and what influences them.
Authors: R Wakeford, M Roden, A Rothman
Journal: BMJ (1986)

The results of a study of the attitudes of 197 general practitioners aged 55 and over towards retirement and their plans for retirement are reported. Few wished to retire very early, and only a further 40% definitely planned a clean break from practice. Nearly half planned on taking "24 hour retirement," even though most (78%) will be entitled to full pension rights. Job satisfaction and health were the most important factors influencing the timing of the retirement. Seventy seven per cent thought that there should be no formal retirement policy, 79% wanted no compulsory retirement age, and 80% wanted no further controls or safeguards directed at older practising general practitioners. Half of the general practitioners in the sample were not looking forward to retirement. Personal discussions with respondents aged 65 and over suggested that there are many older general practitioners who plan to practise for some time, who feel that they will know when the time has come to stop, but who often express the hope that they may "die in harness." A large proportion of older doctors are in single-handed practice. In view of this, and also of the evidence from North America which suggests that older doctors may practise inferior medicine, it is thought that the ability of such general practitioners to evaluate their competence should be studied by methods such as peer assessment techniques.
Relation of Adolescent Coitus to Cervical Cancer Risk
Authors: I. D. Rotkin
Journal: JAMA (1962)

All studies agree that cervical cancer risk is increased by early marriage, or by first coitus at early ages. Further studies now isolate ages 15 to 20 as the susceptible period, and also demonstrate that the event associating early marriage with increased risk is first intercourse. Speculation suggests a male contribution that becomes established in adolescent girls because they are then most susceptible. This agent may be a substance, organism, or particle not related to the ejaculate, perhaps borne on the unsanitary male organ or contraceptive, and remaining dormant during the mean latent period of 30 years before developing into carcinoma.
Reply to B. Freidlin et al
Authors: Ignace Vergote, Corneel Coens, Antonio Casado, Antonio Jimeno
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2014)

We thank Freidlin and Korn 1 for their thoughtful comments on our recent article 2 in Journal of Clinical Oncology.In general, we agree with the view of the authors that a randomized controlled trial (RCT) design should consider careful monitoring of interim results so that the trial can be stopped early for futility.It is indeed unethical to continue exposing patients to a worthless or harmful treatment once enough evidence has been obtained.However, for this reported trial 2 that investigated the role of maintenance treatment with erlotinib in patients with ovarian cancer without progression after first-line chemotherapy, a formal interim analysis was considered during the design stage, but ultimately rejected for a number of reasons.First, a fast anticipated accrual meant that by the time a formal interim analysis could be completed (including data collection, cleaning, analysis, reporting, and interpretation), the final sample size would have been accrued.The actual observed accrual proved even faster than the anticipated accrual.Second, because of the maintenance setting, a short-term end point allowing adequate and complete collection of early information was not available.Using progression-free survival (PFS) or overall survival would have required a long period of time to accumulate the necessary events.In addition, an interim analysis is less important in this maintenance trial, given that, by definition, all patients had completed standard-of-care therapy.Third, formal interim analyses do come with a cost.The implementation of an interim analysis changes the operating characteristics of an RCT.The consequence of adding an interim analysis while keeping the overall error rates needs to be offset by adding extra events.For the reported trial, 2 this would have meant increasing the sample size to Ϯ 900.The net result would in fact have been that more patients would have been exposed to erlotinib.Fourth, a regular and controlled monitoring of adverse events during the study was deemed to be an acceptable safeguard.Furthermore, Freidlin and Korn 1 highlight only one result, namely, the P value associated with the health-related quality-of-life difference.However, the authors do not place this result in its context: the absolute difference did not exceed the clinically relevant threshold.Therefore, although statistically significant, there was no major clinical detriment on health-related quality of life except for an increased reporting of diarrhea.Finally, the trial 2 included a biomarker substudy that might have been informative even when the treatment was not looking promising overall.It should also be taken into account that for subgroup molecular analyses, time is needed to obtain tumor samples and perform molecular analyses.As Freidlin and Korn mentioned
Effect of pioglitazone on carotid intima-media thickness and arterial stiffness in type 2 diabetic nephropathy patients
Authors: Tsukasa Nakamura, Takaharu Matsuda, Yasuhiro Kawagoe, Hiroshi Ogawa, Yutaka Takahashi, Keiko Sekizuka, Hikaru Koide
Journal: Metabolism (2004)
Ablation of ARNT/HIF1β in Liver Alters Gluconeogenesis, Lipogenic Gene Expression, and Serum Ketones
Authors: Xiaohui L. Wang, Ryo Suzuki, Kevin Lee, Thien Tran, Jenny E. Gunton, Asish K. Saha, Mary-Elizabeth Patti, Allison Goldfine, Neil B. Ruderman, Frank J. Gonzalez, C. Ronald Kahn
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2009)
PURE GAS-OXYGEN ANESTHESIA FOR EAR, NOSE AND THROAT SURGERY
Authors: E. I. McKESSON
Journal: JAMA (1924)

Gas-oxygen in the field of ear, nose and throat surgery presents some peculiar advantages over other anesthetics. It also has its disadvantages. Of the latter, perhaps the most noticeable is the difficulty in abolishing the pharyngeal reflex unless morphin also is employed. A second objection is the requirement of an apparatus particularly adapted to this work. And third, in the hand of a slow operator, the expense for the gases is much greater than for ether.  The following incidents, illustrative of the points I wish to make, I believe show advantages that quite outweigh any disadvantages I have mentioned. In some instances, these situations have been responsible for changes in technic, while in others they have proved the procedure used to have been well conceived.  While anesthetizing a 12 year old girl in the recumbent posture for tonsillectomy, as the adenoid was cut loose with an open adenotome, she inhaled
Psychological care of medical patients
Authors: A. House, M. Farthing, R. Peveler
Journal: BMJ (1995)

People with appreciable physical illness have at least twice the rate of psychiatric disorder found in the general population, with a concomitant increase in clinically important disorders that just fail to meet standard diagnostic criteria. The main problems are mood disorder,1 2 3 cognitive impairment,4 5 substance misuse,6 7 and abnormal illness behaviour or somatisation.8 9 These disorders are clinically and personally important: they impair quality of life; reduce the ability to adhere to, or benefit from, treatment for medical conditions; and are associated with a poor outcome of treatment for physical illness. Episodes of medical care are more complex and costly in those whose physical disorder is accompanied by psychiatric comorbidity.10

Effective treatments exist for psychiatric disorder in physically ill people, which are remarkably cheap for the benefits they provide. In fact, the costs of providing psychiatric treatment in a medical setting may be more than met by the savings that result from reductions in …
Autoimmune-Associated Congenital Heart Block: Demographics, Mortality, Morbidity and Recurrence Rates Obtained From a National Neonatal Lupus Registry
Authors: Jill P. Buyon, Rudi Hiebert, Joshua Copel, Joseph Craft, Deborah Friedman, Margaret Katholi, Lela A. Lee, Thomas T. Provost, Morris Reichlin, Lisa Rider, Ann Rupel, Susan Saleeb, William L. Weston, Mary Louise Skovron
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1998)

Objectives. The present study describes the demographics, mortality, morbidity and recurrence rates of autoimmune-associated congenital heart block (CHB) using information from the Research Registry for Neonatal Lupus. Background. Isolated CHB detected at or before birth is strongly associated with maternal autoantibodies to 48-kD SSB/La, 52-kD SSA/Ro and 60-kD SSA/Ro ribonucleoproteins and is a permanent manifestation of the neonatal lupus syndromes (NLS). Available data are limited by the rarity of the disease. Results. The cohort includes 105 mothers whose sera contain anti-SSA/Ro or anti-SSB/La antibodies, or both, and their 113 infants diagnosed with CHB between 1970 and 1997 (56 boys, 57 girls). Of 87 pregnancies in which sufficient medical records were available, bradyarrhythmia confirmed to be CHB was initially detected before 30 weeks of gestation in 71 (82%) (median time 23 weeks). There were no cases in which major congenital cardiac anatomic defects were considered causal for the development of CHB; in 14 there were minor abnormalities. Twenty-two (19%) of the 113 children died, 16 (73%) within 3 months after birth. Cumulative probability of 3-year survival was 79%. Sixty-seven (63%) of 107 live-born children required pacemakers: 35 within 9 days of life, 15 within 1 year, and 17 after 1 year. Forty-nine of the mothers had subsequent pregnancies: 8 (16%) had another infant with CHB and 3 (6%) had a child with an isolated rash consistent with NLS. Conclusions. Data from this large series substantiate that autoantibody-associated CHB is not coincident with major structural abnormalities, is most often identified in the late second trimester, carries a substantial mortality in the neonatal period and frequently requires pacing. The recurrence rate of CHB is at least two- to three-fold higher than the rate for a mother with anti-SSA/Ro-SSB/La antibodies who never had an affected child, supporting close echocardiographic monitoring in all subsequent pregnancies, with heightened surveillance between 18 and 24 weeks of gestation.
SAT0429 The Role of Relaxin in Benign Hypermobility Syndrome
Authors: S. Em, P. Oktayoglu, M. Caglayan, M. Karakoç, D. Ucar, M. Bozkurt, N. Mete, M. A. Sriyildiz, K. Nas, I. Yıldız
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

<h3>Objectives</h3> Benign hypermobility syndrome (BJHS) is a clinical entity that characterized with increased joint mobility rather than range of motion in a joint is alternate according to joints surface neuromuscular tonus and neurogenic controls of joints. Prior investigations suggest that there is a significant correlation between ligament laxity and serum relaxin levels. Sourced from thsee findings, we aimed to investigate the serum levels of relaxin in patients with hypermobility syndrome. <h3>Methods</h3> 45 female patients with BJHS and 40 healty controls were enrolled to the study. Pregnancy, lactation, usage of oral contraceptive, menstrual cycle disorders, any neurological, rheumatological, musculoskeletal disorders, metabolic or connective tissue diseases were determined as exclusion criters. All patients with BJHS were diagnosed according to the Beighton scoring system. All patients and control subjects’ physical examinations were completed and all finding were noted. Postures of the patients were assessed according to New York Posture Rating Test. Serum relaxin levels both in patients with BJHS and controls were measured and noted. <h3>Results</h3> Although serum relaxin levels were high in patients with BJHS, this difference was not statistically significant (47.1 ± 59.3, 34.4 ± 23.9; p&gt; 0.05). We did not determine any correlation between serum relaxin levels and Beighton scores or New York Posture Rating Test. The levels of relaxin in patients with pes planus and hyperkyphositiy were higher than the patients without these clinical parameters (p=0,01 and p=0,05 respectively) <h3>Conclusions</h3> Although these results indicate that relaxin has not a major role in patients with BJHS as a circulating hormone, significantly increased levels of relaxin in patients with hyperkyphosity and pes planus suggests that further investigations are needed in respect with relaxin and its receptors. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared
Dizziness: State of the Science
Authors: Philip D. Sloane, Remy R. Coeytaux, Rainer S. Beck, John Dallara
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2001)

Dizziness is prevalent in all adult populations, causing considerable morbidity and utilization of health services. In the community, the prevalence of dizziness ranges from 1.8% in young adults to more than 30% in the elderly. In the primary care setting, dizziness increases in frequency as a presenting complaint; as many as 7% of elderly patients present with this symptom. Classification of dizziness by subtype (vertigo, presyncope, disequilibrium, and other) assists in the differential diagnosis. Various disease entities may cause dizziness, and the reported frequency of specific diagnoses varies widely, depending on setting, patient age, and investigator bias. Life-threatening illnesses are rare in patients with dizziness, but many have serious functional impairment. Dizziness can be difficult to diagnose, particularly in elderly persons, in whom it often represents dysfunction in more than one body system. Given the relatively underdeveloped state of the empirical literature on dizziness, investigators would benefit from use of consistent criteria to describe dizziness symptoms and establish diagnoses. Investigation of the effects of testing and treatment should focus on diagnoses that are life threatening or lead to significant morbidity. In the elderly, a function-oriented approach should be studied and compared with current diagnosis-focused strategies. Alternative therapies for chronic and recurrent dizziness also merit investigation.
Hematopoietic Dysfunction in a Mouse Model for Fanconi Anemia Group D1
Authors: Susana Navarro, Nestor W. Meza, Oscar Quintana-Bustamante, José A. Casado, Ariana Jacome, Kimberly McAllister, Silvia Puerto, Jordi Surrallés, José C. Segovia, Juan A. Bueren
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

We have investigated the hematopoietic phenotype of mice with a hypomorphic mutation in the Brca2/Fancd1 gene (Brca2(Delta27/Delta27) mutation). In contrast to observations made in other Fanconi anemia (FA) mouse models, low numbers of hematopoietic colony-forming cells (CFCs) were noted in Brca2(Delta27/Delta27) mice, either young or adult. Additionally, a high incidence of spontaneous chromosomal instability was observed in Brca2(Delta27/Delta27) bone marrow (BM) cells, but not in Brca2(+/Delta27) or Fanca(-/-) BM cells. Although Brca2(Delta27/Delta27) CFCs were not hypersensitive to ionizing radiation, a very severe hematopoietic syndrome was observed in irradiated Brca2(Delta27/Delta27) mice. Conventional BM competition experiments showed a marked repopulation defect in Brca2(Delta27/Delta27) hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), compared to wild-type HSCs. Moreover, we have observed for the first time in a DNA repair disease model a very significant proliferation defect in Brca2(Delta27/Delta27) HSCs maintained in their natural physiological environment. The progressive repopulation of wild-type HSCs transplanted into unconditioned Brca2(Delta27/Delta27) recipients is reminiscent of the somatic mosaicism phenomenon observed in a number of genetic diseases, including FA. The hematopoietic phenotype associated with the Brca2(Delta27/Delta27) mutation suggests that this FA-D1 mouse model will constitute an important tool for the development of new therapies for FA, including gene therapy.