tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Possible links between glucose-induced changes in the energy state of pancreatic B cells and insulin release. Unmasking by decreasing a stable pool of adenine nucleotides in mouse islets.
Authors: P Detimary, J C Jonas, J C Henquin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1995)

Whether adenine nucleotides in pancreatic B cells serve as second messengers during glucose stimulation of insulin secretion remains disputed. Our hypothesis was that the actual changes in ATP and ADP are obscured by the large pool of adenine nucleotides (ATP/ADP ratio close to 1) in insulin granules. Therefore, mouse islets were degranulated acutely with a cocktail of glucose, KCl, forskolin, and phorbol ester or during overnight culture in RPMI-1640 medium containing 10 mM glucose. When these islets were then incubated in 0 glucose + azide (to minimize cytoplasmic and mitochondrial adenine nucleotides), their content in ATP + ADP + AMP was decreased in proportion to the decrease in insulin stores. After incubation in 10 mM glucose (no azide), the ATP/ADP ratio increased from 2.4 to > 8 in cultured islets, and only from 2 to < 4 in fresh islets. These differences were not explained by changes in glucose oxidation. The glucose dependency (0-30 mM) of the changes in insulin secretion and in the ATP/ADP ratio were then compared in the same islets. In nondegranulated, fresh islets, the ATP/ADP ratio increased between 0 and 10 mM glucose and then stabilized although insulin release kept increasing. In degranulated islets, the ATP/ADP ratio also increased between 0 and 10 mM glucose, but a further increase still occurred between 10 and 20 mM glucose, in parallel with the stimulation of insulin release. In conclusion, decreasing the granular pool of ATP and ADP unmasks large changes in the ATP/ADP ratio and a glucose dependency which persists within the range of stimulatory concentrations. The ATP/ADP ratio might thus serve as a coupling factor between glucose metabolism and insulin release.
Is Barrett's Esophagus Dangerous?
Authors: W. M. Weinstein
Journal: Endoscopy (2002)

A campaign of ablation against Barrett's esophagus has been initiated at a number of centers. This campaign is not confined just to “rogue Barrett's” - where tissue has gone awry, with the development of dysplasia or very early cancer. It has also been directed at ordinary, everyday Barrett's esophagus [1] [2].
Hyaluronic acid-drug conjugate of docetaxel and metformin to target cancer cells and cancer stem cells: Synthesis and characterization
Authors: Navid Goodarzi, Mohsen Amini, Mohammad Hossein Ghahremani, Fatemeh Atyabi, Seyed Nasser Ostad, Rassoul Dinarvand
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2013)
Antioxidative function of L-FABP in L-FABP stably transfected Chang liver cells
Authors: Guqi Wang, Yuewen Gong, Judy Anderson, Dongfeng Sun, Gerald Minuk, Michael S. Roberts, Frank J. Burczynski
Journal: Hepatology (2005)

Abstract Liver fatty acid binding protein (L-FABP) contains amino acids that are known to possess antioxidant function. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that L-FABP may serve as an effective endogenous cytoprotectant against oxidative stress. Chang liver cells were selected as the experimental model because of their undetectable L-FABP mRNA level. Full-length L-FABP cDNA was subcloned into the mammalian expression vector pcDNA3.1 (pcDNA-FABP). Chang cells were stably transfected with pc-DNA-FABP or vector (pcDNA3.1) alone. Oxidative stress was induced by incubating cells with 400 μmol/L H2O2 or by subjecting cells to hypoxia/reoxygenation. Total cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) was determined using the fluorescent probe DCF. Cellular damage induced by hypoxia/reoxygenation was assayed by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release. Expression of L-FABP was documented by regular reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), real-time RT-PCR, and Western blot. The pcDNA-FABP–transfected cells expressed full-length L-FABP mRNA, which was absent from vector-transfected control cells. Western blot showed expression of 14-kd L-FABP protein in pcDNA-FABP–transfected cells, but not in vector-transfected cells. Transfected cells showed decreased DCF fluorescence intensity under oxidative stress (H2O2 and hypoxia/reoxygenation) conditions versus control in inverse proportion to the level of L-FABP expression. Lower LDH release was observed in the higher L-FABP–expressed cells in hypoxia/reoxygenation experiments. In conclusion , we successfully transfected and cloned a Chang liver cell line that expressed the L-FABP gene. The L-FABP–expressing cell line had a reduced intracellular ROS level versus control. This finding implies that L-FABP has a significant role in oxidative stress. (Hepatology 2005;42:871–879.)
Primary pulmonary artery sarcoma diagnosed noninvasively by two-dimensional echocardiography.
Authors: E C Wright, H A Wellons, R P Martin
Journal: Circulation (1983)

A 21-year-old white male was evaluated in our echocardiographic laboratory for presumed mitral valvular bacterial endocarditis. Electrocardiographic, physical, and initial two-dimensional echocardiographic findings suggested a left-to-right shunt at the atrial septal level. However, injection of contrast saline solution failed to demonstrate signs of an atrial septal defect. Continuation of the echocardiographic study led to the diagnosis of an unsuspected primary sarcoma of the pulmonary trunk, which was rapidly confirmed by computerized axial tomography. Therapeutic interventions were undertaken. This case highlights the usefulness of two-dimensional echocardiography.
Early exposure to children in family and day care as related to adult asthma and hay fever: results from the European Community Respiratory Health Survey
Authors: C Svanes
Journal: Thorax (2002)

<b>Background:</b> The literature indicates that early exposure to children in the family and to day care permanently influences the development of allergic disease. A study was undertaken to examine the associations of family size and day care with adult asthma and hay fever and to determine whether these associations are mediated through specific IgE production and whether they vary with allergic predisposition. <b>Methods:</b> 18 530 subjects aged 20–44 years from 36 areas predominantly in the market economies participated in the European Community Respiratory Health Survey and provided information through interviewer-led questionnaires. 13 932 subjects gave blood samples for measurement of specific IgE. <b>Results:</b> Hay fever was less common in subjects with many siblings (OR=0.92; 95% CI 0.90 to 0.95 per sib). There was a U-shaped relationship between asthma and number of siblings (quadratic effect of siblings, pwheeze=0.014, pFEV<sub>1</sub>=0.016). In subjects without siblings but exposed to children in day care, hay fever was less common (OR=0.76; 95% CI 0.60 to 0.98) and asthma symptoms were more common (ORwheeze=1.48; 95% CI 1.12 to 1.95). Adjustment for specific IgEs did not alter these associations. The inverse association of hay fever with siblings was found in sensitised subjects (OR=0.89; 95% CI 0.84 to 0.94) and in those with parental allergy (OR=0.91; 95% CI 0.85 to 0.97), but not in subjects without such a predisposition (OR=1.02; 95% CI 0.97 to 1.09). <b>Conclusion:</b> Subjects exposed to many children at home or in day care experienced less hay fever and more asthma in adulthood. Microbial challenge through children may contribute to a non-allergic immunological development giving less hay fever but more airways infections predisposing to asthma. These effects were not mediated through production of specific IgE. The protective effect of siblings on hay fever was particularly strong in those with an allergic predisposition.
Hepatic SOCS3 expression is strongly associated with non-response to therapy and race in HCV and HCV/HIV infection
Authors: Kyung-Ah Kim, Wenyu Lin, Andrew W. Tai, Run-Xuan Shao, Ethan Weinberg, Carolina B. De Sa Borges, Atul K. Bhan, Hui Zheng, Yoshitaka Kamegaya, Raymond T. Chung
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)
Neurotensin induced inhibition of gastric acid secretion in duodenal ulcer patients before and after parietal cell vagotomy.
Authors: P S Olsen, J H Pedersen, P Kirkegaard, H Been, F Stadil, J Fahrenkrug, J Christiansen
Journal: Gut (1984)

The influence of the vagal nerve on the inhibitory effect of neurotensin on pentagastrin stimulated gastric acid secretion was investigated in seven duodenal ulcer patients before and after parietal cell vagotomy without drainage. Preoperatively, neurotensin inhibited gastric acid secretion, whereas no effect was found postoperatively. Plasma concentration of neurotensin was identical pre-and postoperatively. This study shows that the inhibitory effect of neurotensin on gastric acid secretion is dependent on an intact vagal innervation of the parietal cell area.
Preventive Dentistry
Authors: John C. Greene
Journal: JAMA (1989)

Primary care physicians and nurses have numerous opportunities to assist in the prevention of dental caries, periodontal diseases, malocclusion, trauma to the mouth and teeth, and oral cancer. This is the first of two articles that provide background for the US Preventive Services Task Force recommendations for interventions by physicians, nurses, and other clinicians to prevent these oral diseases and conditions. Physicians and other health professionals are urged to be aware of these opportunities and to take appropriate action in collaboration with the patient's dentist.
Effect of longterm misoprostol coadministration with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: a histological study.
Authors: K Shah, A B Price, I C Talbot, K D Bardhan, C G Fenn, I Bjarnason
Journal: Gut (1995)

Prostaglandins are widely used in the prevention and healing of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) induced gastric and duodenal ulcers, but their longterm effect on the human gastric mucosa is unknown. This study assessed the effect of coadministration of prostaglandins with NSAIDs on the histology of the gastroduodenal mucosa. Histological appearances (using the Sydney system) of gastric biopsy specimens from 180 patients receiving longterm NSAID treatment of whom 90 had been receiving misoprostol (400-800 micrograms/day) for one to two years were studied. Both groups of patients were comparable with regard to clinical and demographic details. There was no significant difference (p &gt; 0.1) in the prevalence of chronic gastritis (total, corpus or antrum only) between patients receiving (36 of 90 (40%)) or not receiving misoprostol (35 of 90 (39%)). Chronic gastritis was equally associated with the presence of Helicobacter pylori, 86% and 73% (p &gt; 0.1), respectively, in the two groups. Significantly fewer patients receiving misoprostol had reactive gastritis than those receiving only NSAIDs (8 (9%) versus 27 (30%), p &lt; 0.01). Reactive gastritis was not associated with H pylori. Thirty nine (43%) of the misoprostol treated patients had normal histology compared with 16 (18%) receiving only NSAIDs (p &lt; 0.01). These results show two different patterns of gastric damage in patients receiving NSAIDs, namely chronic and reactive gastritis. Misoprostol treatment was associated with a significantly reduced prevalence of reactive gastritis and it is suggested that this, along with its antisecretory action, may explain the reduced prevalence of gastroduodenal lesions when coadministered with NSAIDs.
BPA Exposure Underestimated
Authors: Tracy Hampton
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The Two Camps in Child Psychiatry: A Report from a Psychiatrist-Father of an Autistic and Retarded Child
Authors: JOHN E. KYSAR
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1968)

The author's experience with his own son and with other seriously disturbed children has led him to the observation that there are two camps in child psychiatry: the psychogenic-nonorganic group and the psychologicorganic group. He feels that the inability of the one camp to synthesize the genetic-organic elements with the psychogenic-functional can be detrimental to the child, his family, and the schools and agencies which work with them.
Canine Lipoproteins and Atherosclerosis
Authors: ROBERT W. MAHLEY, KARL H. WEISGRABER, THOMAS INNERARITY
Journal: Circulation Research (1974)

Characterization of the hyperlipoproteinemia induced by feeding high-cholesterol diets to hypothyroid dogs was undertaken in an attempt to identify a lipoprotein pattern or a specific lipoprotein responsible for the atherosclerosis associated with such hyperlipoproteinemia. Various degrees of hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis were produced during the diet, which was imposed for 3 months to more than a year. Dogs referred to as hyporesponders did not develop significant atherosclerosis despite plasma cholesterol levels ranging from two to five times normal or up to 750 mg/100 ml. This nonatherogenic hyperlipidemia was characterized by an increase in the LDL (low density lipoprotein) and HDL c classes (HDL c refers to a broad spectrum of cholesterol-enriched particles which resemble high density lipoproteins). Dogs referred to as hyperresponders developed significant and often complicated atherosclerosis. Their plasma cholesterol levels were in excess of 750 mg/100 ml, and most of the increased cholesterol was present in lipoproteins with density less than 1.006 g/ml. Several classes of lipoproteins were isolated by ultracentrifugation and purified by Geon-Pevikon block electrophoresis. These lipoproteins were characterized with respect to chemical composition, electrophoretic mobility, immunochemical reactivity, electron microscopic size after negative staining, and apoprotein content as determined by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. We concluded that the atherogenic hyperlipidemia of the hyperresponders was characterized by an increase in the amount of cholesterol-rich HDL c as in the hyporesponders but was distinguished by the appearance of a spectrum of cholesterol-rich lipoproteins in the fraction with a density less than 1.006 g/ml. One of these cholesterol-rich lipoproteins had the properties of β very low density lipoproteins, and the others had those of HDL c . We suggest that the spectrum of lipoproteins with density less than 1.006 g/ml represents "remnants" that accumulate because of defective catabolism of lipoproteins synthesized to carry excess of dietary cholesterol.
The Study of Congenital Anomalies by the Epidemiologic Method
Authors: Theodore H. Ingalls
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1950)

IN ANCIENT times the birth of a deformed baby was commonly believed to be an omen, a supernatural judgment or the work of the devil. These attitudes were gradually discarded, and with an increased understanding and application of mendelian laws, anomalies present at birth were commonly interpreted as manifestations of genetically defective germ plasm. A succession of events during the past ten years, initiated by Gregg's observations1 in 1941 on the role of rubella as a cause of congenital cataract,2 has brought appreciation of the fact that congenital anomalies may be acquired as well as inherited. At about the same . . .
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor Use and Risk of Gestational Hypertension
Authors: Sengwee Toh, Allen A. Mitchell, Carol Louik, Martha M. Werler, Christina D. Chambers, Sonia Hernández-Díaz
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2009)

Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of treatment with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) on the risks of gestational hypertension and preeclampsia. Method: The authors analyzed data from 5,731 women with nonmalformed infants and no underlying hypertension who participated in the Slone Epidemiology Center Birth Defects Study from 1998 to 2007. Gestational hypertension was defined as incident hypertension diagnosed after 20 weeks of pregnancy, with and without proteinuria (i.e., with and without preeclampsia). The risks of gestational hypertension and preeclampsia were compared between women who did and did not receive SSRI treatment during pregnancy. Relative risks and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using the Cox proportional hazards model, adjusting for prepregnancy sociodemographic, lifestyle, reproductive, and medical factors. Results: Gestational hypertension was present in 9.0% of the 5,532 women who were not treated with SSRIs and 19.1% of the 199 women who were treated with SSRIs. Among women who received treatment, gestational hypertension was present in 13.1% of the 107 women who received treatment only during the first trimester and in 26.1% of the 92 women who continued treatment beyond the first trimester. The occurrence of preeclampsia was 2.4% among women who were not treated with SSRIs, 3.7% among women who were exposed to SSRIs only during the first trimester, and 15.2% among women who continued SSRI treatment beyond the first trimester. Relative to women who did not receive treatment, the adjusted relative risk of preeclampsia was 1.4 for women who discontinued treatment and 4.9 for women who continued treatment. Conclusion: SSRI exposure during late pregnancy—whether a causal factor or not—might identify women who are at an increased risk for gestational hypertension and preeclampsia. Further investigation is needed in order to separate the effects of treatment with SSRIs from those of underlying mood disorders.
THE SEROLOGICAL DIFFERENTIATION OF PATHOGENIC AND NON-PATHOGENIC STRAINS OF HEMOLYTIC STREPTOCOCCI FROM PARTURIENT WOMEN
Authors: Rebecca C. Lancefield, Ronald Hare
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1935)

1. The majority of strains of hemolytic streptococci from puerperal infections of the uterus were identified serologically as members of the Group A described by Lancefield. 2. The majority of strains isolated from the birth canal of women whose puerperium was afebrile were not members of Group A. 3. The existence of two new serological groups of hemolytic streptococci, Groups F and G, is described.
Hodgkin's Disease — From Pathology Specimen to Cure
Authors: Volker Diehl
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2007)

The history of Hodgkin's disease is one of the most exciting stories in medicine. The disorder accounts for about 1% of all cancers and is curable in 85 to 95% of cases, depending on its stage — whether it is localized or disseminated. Indeed, the article by Fermé et al.1 in this issue of the Journal reports on 10-year survival estimates of 97% for patients with early-stage disease.In 1832, in an article entitled “On Some Morbid Appearances of the Absorbent Glands and Spleen,”2 Thomas Hodgkin discussed six patients with symptoms that differed from those associated with inflammation, tuberculosis, and . . .
Knowing psychological disposition might help to find innovation
Authors: Gyula K. Gajdon
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2007)

Abstract Ramsey et al.'s article provides a more sensitive framework for comparative innovation than others' operationalisations have done. Nevertheless, a methodology has to be elaborated in order to determine to what degree a behaviour is novel. Psychological processes have to be considered when evaluating the value of reference groups and in order to figure out where to look for innovation.
IMMUNOLOGICAL STUDIES OF HUMAN γ-GLOBULIN
Authors: G. M. Edelman, J. F. Heremans, M.-Th. Heremans, H. G. Kunkel
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1960)

Two major antigenic fragments were obtained from various purified gamma-globulin preparations after papain treatment. One, the F component, had a mobility faster than the original gamma-globulin and the second, the S component, had a slower mobility. Similar F and S components were also obtained with certain homogeneous myeloma proteins which were closely related to gamma-globulin immunologically. Additional minor antigenic components were detected with certain antisera. The technique of immunoelectrophoresis was particularly useful for bringing out the different antigenic constituents obtained after papain treatment. The F and S components as well as a midfraction were isolated by chromatography on DEAE-cellulose. These were immunologically homogeneous and could be utilized to absorb F and S antibodies from various antisera. The relative amount of F and S antibodies varied in different antisera from individual rabbits immunized with whole gamma-globulin. Whole gamma-globulin was separated by zone electrophoresis into a fast migrating and a more slowly migrating fraction. Each of these gave rise to F and S components after splitting with papain. The F components of the two gamma-globulins were similar in mobility, while the S components showed marked mobility differences although antigenically they were very similar. The mobility differences of the parent gamma-globulin appeared to be primarily related to the differences in the S component. Certain antisera against pathological gamma-globulins were found to give double lines with a wide variety of gamma-globulin preparations in agar diffusion. These were shown to be related to the F and S antigenic determinants of gamma-glubulin. This relationship was evident by a number of procedures utilizing both Ouchterlony plate techniques and immunoelectrophoresis. The question of whether these findings indicate heterogeneity of gamma-globulin in relation to the F and S antigenic components, or whether different antigenic groups on one molecule can give rise to separate lines in certain instances, is discussed.
Visible and Palpable Lesions in Children
Authors: Ann Maravilla
Journal: JAMA (1977)

Pediatric patients frequently are brought to a physician after an unusual lump, bump, or other skin marking has been noted. The importance of these lesions runs the full gamut from benign and innocuous to highly lethal. Some lesions such as the hemangioma can grow and appear quite menacing before undergoing their natural course of resolution. All physicians who treat children are confronted with these problems. After many years as teacher and physician, Dr Everett Koop has compiled his personal experiences and produced an invaluable monograph, a 117-page pearl-laden volume that one can peruse and digest in a short time. The first seven chapters discuss lesions by anatomical area. Separate chapters are devoted to the head and face, the neck, the thorax, the abdomen, the inguinal area, the scrotum and penis, the rectum and perineum, and the extremities and skin. For obvious reasons, hemangiomas and lymphangiomas merit separate chapters, and the