tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
<i>In vivo</i>Diagnosis of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Expression using Molecular Imaging with a Cocktail of Optically Labeled Monoclonal Antibodies
Authors: Tristan Barrett, Yoshinori Koyama, Yukihiro Hama, Gregory Ravizzini, In Soo Shin, Beom-Su Jang, Chang H. Paik, Yasuteru Urano, Peter L. Choyke, Hisataka Kobayashi
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2007)

Epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFR) play an important role in tumorigenesis and, therefore, have become targets for new molecular therapies. Here, we use a "cocktail" of optically labeled monoclonal antibodies directed against EGFR-1 (HER1) and EGFR-2 (HER2) to distinguish tumors by their cell surface expression profiles.In vivo imaging experiments were done in tumor-bearing mice following s.c. injection of A431 (overexpressing HER1), NIH3T3/HER2+ (overexpressing HER2), and Balb3T3/DsRed (non-expression control) cell lines. After tumor establishment, a cocktail of optically labeled antibodies: Cy5.5-labeled cetuximab (anti-HER1) and Cy7-labeled trastuzumab (anti-HER2) was i.v. injected. In vivo and ex vivo fluorescence imaging was done. For comparison with radionuclide imaging, experiments were undertaken using (111)Indium-labeled antibodies. Additionally, a "blinded" diagnostic study was done for mice bearing one tumor type.In vivo spectral fluorescent molecular imaging of 14 mice with three tumor types clearly differentiated tumors using the cocktail of optically labeled antibodies both in vivo and ex vivo. Twenty-four hours after injection, A431 and NIH3T3/HER2+ tumors were detected distinctly by their peak on Cy5.5 and Cy7 spectral images, respectively; radionuclide imaging was unable to clearly distinguish tumors at this time point. In blinded single tumor experiments, investigators were able to correctly diagnose a total of 40 tumors.An in vivo imaging technique using an antibody cocktail simultaneously differentiated two tumors expressing distinct EGFRs and enabled an accurate characterization of each subtype.
Researchers Amass Abortion Data
Authors: Marsha F. Goldsmith
Journal: JAMA (1989)

UNLIKE CHARGES for many other medical services, the amount women pay for an abortion has not kept pace with cost-of-living increases in the economy. It apparently does not cost much more today than in 1986, when the average charge to patients for a first-trimester abortion was $209 at an abortion clinic, $235 at other medical clinics, and $272 in the office of a physician (usually an obstetrician-gynecologist). The reasons: competition among providers and more efficient performance. That is just one of the facts surfacing in a survey begun this spring by the Alan Guttmacher Institute, New York, NY. The institute, an independent nonprofit corporation for research, policy analysis, and public education regarding reproductive health, will complete and publish its survey of the status of abortion in the United States in approximately 6 months. Investigators taking part in this 10th survey regarding this subject want to determine where abortions are available,
Stockpiling oseltamivir: Roche clarifies data for improved mortality with oseltamivir
Authors: James R Smith, Regina Dutkowski
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Adjuvant trastuzumab for breast cancer Assessing HER2/neu status incurs more costs for treatmentEditor-The results of recent trials are likely to continue to fuel the demand for trastuzumab in the adjuvant setting of early breast cancer, 1 as well as a possible neoadjuvant treatment in the near future.However, Dent and Clemons did not discuss the difficulty in obtaining accurate and reproducible assessment of HER2/neu gene overexpression.Immunohistochemical testing measures HER2/neu protein expression whereas in situ hybridisation measures gene amplification.Patients with equivocal immunohistochemical results require in situ hybridisation to determine definitive status because interobserver variability using immunohistochemical testing is appreciable.At least 20% of patients with positive immunohistochemical results will be truly negative for HER2/neu gene amplification; these patients would not benefit from trastuzumab. 2 These difficulties in assessing HER2/ neu status have been encountered in studies testing trastuzumab, and in situ hybridisation testing has been used as the gold standard. 3 As the clinical utility of trastuzumab widens guidelines on HER2/neu testing must be clear to ensure appropriate use of trastuzumab.Clearly this testing will incur additional costs to trastuzumab treatment.
Preventive Care for HIV-Positive Adults
Authors: Patrick E. Olson
Journal: JAMA (1993)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —Drs Jewett and Hecht<sup>1</sup>provide an excellent review of preventive health care measures for adults with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. We would like to make two points regarding the article. While baseline<i>Toxoplasma</i>IgG is a necessary part of serological evaluation of the HI V-infected adult, we do not believe that serial testing on an annual basis is justified. Our data<sup>2</sup>showed that the annual incidence of<i>Toxoplasma</i>seroconversion in an HIV-infected US population was only 0.9%. This is similar to the 0.6% annual incidence noted in HIV-seronegative pregnant women in Oregon.<sup>3</sup>Because<i>Toxoplasma</i>antibody level determination is expensive ($56.50; SmithKline Beecham Clinical Laboratories, San Diego, Calif), deleting annual serological testing could potentially save millions of dollars. Jewett and Hecht cite several reasons for the superiority of the percentage of CD4 cells over absolute CD4 cell count as a predictor of disease progression.
EFFICACY OF A NOVEL DUTY-CYCLED PHASED RADIOFREQUENCY ABLATION SYSTEM TO TREAT PATIENTS WITH ATRIAL FIBRILLATION
Authors: Thomas Deneke, Osman Balta, Helge Anders, Marcus Päsler, Katrin Bünz, Marc Horlitz, Jonas Stolz, Andreas Mügge, Dong-In Shin
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Cerebrovascular Disease in an Elderly Population
Authors: JOHN L. CUTLER
Journal: Circulation (1967)

A sample of residents of a retirement community was investigated for symptoms and signs thought to be premonitory of stroke, as the initial step in a study of factors that predict the occurrence of stroke. Persons who had experienced a prior stroke reported a number of symptoms more frequently than did persons who had not had a stroke. The stroke group had a higher prevalence of cervical bruits, higher mean blood pressures, and significantly more abnormal electrocardiograms. There were no differences for cholesterol or hemoglobin.
Effect of phenylephrine on focal atrial fibrillation originating in the pulmonary veins and superior vena cava
Authors: Ching-Tai Tai, Chuen-Wang Chiou, Zu-Chi Wen, Ming-Hsiung Hsieh, Chin-Feng Tsai, Wei-Shiang Lin, Chien-Cheng Chen, Yung-Kuo Lin, Wen-Chung Yu, Yu-An Ding, Mau-Song Chang, Shin-Ann Chen
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2000)
Angiotensin II Drives the Production of Tumor-Promoting Macrophages
Authors: Virna Cortez-Retamozo, Martin Etzrodt, Andita Newton, Russell Ryan, Ferdinando Pucci, Selena W. Sio, Wilson Kuswanto, Philipp J. Rauch, Aleksey Chudnovskiy, Yoshiko Iwamoto, Rainer Kohler, Brett Marinelli, Rostic Gorbatov, Gregory Wojtkiewicz, Peter Panizzi, Mari Mino-Kenudson, Reza Forghani, Jose-Luiz Figueiredo, John W. Chen, Ramnik Xavier, Filip K. Swirski, Matthias Nahrendorf, Ralph Weissleder, Mikael J. Pittet
Journal: Immunity (2013)
[415] THE ACTIVE METABOLITE OF LB80380/ANA380, A NOVEL NUCLEOTIDE ANALOG, EXHIBITS ACTIVITY IN VITRO AGAINST MULTIPLE CLINICALLY RELEVANT HEPATITIS B VIRUS MUTANTS
Authors: C.H. Min, C.R. Kim, K. Steffy, D. Averett, S. Locarnini, T. Shaw
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2007)
Bisphosphonates and Cancer-Induced Bone Disease: Beyond Their Antiresorptive Activity
Authors: Philippe Clézardin, Frank H. Ebetino, Pierrick G.J. Fournier
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

Abstract Bisphosphonates are primarily known for their ability to inhibit osteoclast-mediated bone resorption. They are an indispensable part of therapy for patients with cancers that cause osteolysis. However, there is now a growing body of evidence from preclinical research showing that bisphosphonates also exhibit antitumor activity, both in vitro and in vivo. They can affect molecular mechanisms of tumor cell adhesion, invasion, and proliferation; reinforce the effects of cytotoxic agents in a synergistic manner; and exhibit antiangiogenic and immunomodulatory effects. These preclinical findings reveal exciting ways of optimizing bisphosphonate therapy in oncology to fully exploit their antitumor potential.
A dose-finding study of once-daily oral telbivudine in HBeAg-positive patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection
Authors: Ching-Lung Lai, Seng Gee Lim, Nathaniel A. Brown, Xiao-Jian Zhou, Deborah M. Lloyd, Yin-Mei Lee, Man-Fung Yuen, George C. Chao, Maureen W. Myers
Journal: Hepatology (2004)

Current therapy for chronic hepatitis B is suboptimal as a result of limited durable response rates, cumulative viral resistance, and/or poor tolerability. Telbivudine has potent antiviral activity against hepatitis B virus (HBV) in vitro and in the woodchuck model and has a promising preclinical safety profile. In this first clinical study of telbivudine, safety, antiviral activity, and pharmacokinetics were assessed in 43 adults with hepatitis B e antigen-positive chronic hepatitis B. This placebo-controlled dose-escalation trial investigated 6 telbivudine daily dosing levels (25, 50, 100, 200, 400, and 800 mg/d); treatment was given for 4 weeks, with 12 weeks’ follow-up. Serum HBV DNA levels were monitored via quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The results indicate that telbivudine was well tolerated at all dosing levels, with no dose-related or treatment-related clinical or laboratory adverse events. telbivudine plasma pharmacokinetics were dose-proportional within the studied dose range. Marked dose-related antiviral activity was evident, with a maximum at telbivudine doses of 400 mg/d or more. In the 800mg/d cohort, the mean HBV DNA reduction was 3.75 log 10 copies/mL at week 4, comprising a 99.98% reduction in serum viral load. Correspondingly, posttreatment return of viral load was slowest in the high-dose groups. Viral dynamic analyses suggested a high degree of efficiency of inhibition of HBV replication by telbivudine and helped refine selection of the optimal dose. In conclusion , these results support expanded clinical studies of this new agent for the treatment of hepatitis B. (Hepatology 2004;40:719-726.)
More on the Treatment of Pain
Authors: Antonio A.F. De Salles, J. Patrick Johnson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1994)

To the Editor: In regard to the letters to the editor (July 21 issue)1 about the excellent article by Cleeland et al. (March 3 issue),2 we were surprised, as neurosurgeons treating chronic pain and pain from cancer, at the lack of attention to the surgical options for treating cancer pain. The surgical armamentarium for pain control is vast and includes implantable drug-delivery devices, chemical and radiofrequency rhizotomies, central nervous system pathway disconnections and augmentation, open decompression of symptomatic nerve roots or peripheral nerves, and spinal stabilization.3 Recently, even radiosurgical ablation of nuclei and pathways in the central nervous system has . . .
Chemotaxis and Inflammation
Authors: Alvin E. Rodin
Journal: JAMA (1974)

This relatively small monograph is a concise summation and assessment of many facets of chemotaxis. First is a very readable account of the history, techniques, and basic principles of chemotaxis. The middle of the book deals with classification, molecular and cellular biochemistry, and the responses of chemotactic agents and cells. The last two chapters provide informative accounts of the role of chemotaxis in clinical disorders and the inflammatory reaction. Each chapter begins with a general account of its contents, with a clear delineation between hypothesis, theory, and fact. For example, Menkin's leucotaxic substance, which has gained wide prominence, is placed in proper perspective as a "mélange of different chemotactic factors produced during injury." Also noteworthy are the 515 references to cited articles and books, one third of which were published after 1969. This volume is quite useful in giving orientation for the plethora of research reports and hypotheses, often conflicting
Estrogen Stimulates Delayed Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Activity in Human Endothelial Cells via an Autocrine Loop That Involves Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor
Authors: Seunghee Kim-Schulze, William L. Lowe, H. William Schnaper
Journal: Circulation (1998)

Background —Estrogen plays a significant role in protecting premenopausal women from cardiovascular disease. We have found that estradiol augments endothelial cell activities related to vascular healing and that human coronary artery and umbilical vein endothelial cells express estrogen receptors (ERs). Classically, the ER functions as a transcription factor, but the cytoplasmic targets of this genomic effect have not been defined for endothelial cells. In the present study, we examined the potential role of the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases ERK1 and ERK2 as mediators of estrogen action. Methods and Results —Human umbilical vein endothelial cells were estrogen depleted by culturing in hormone-free medium for 48 hours before experiments. 17β-Estradiol (E2) stimulated a delayed (3 hours) 5- to 7-fold induction of ERK1/2 activity requiring activation of ER and new transcription/translation. Conditioned media from cells stimulated for 3 hours with E2 induced immediate ERK1/2 activation and phosphorylation of the basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) receptor. Moreover, ERK1/2 activation by E2 or by conditioned media was abrogated by treatment with neutralizing anti-bFGF antibody. Conclusions —These data describe an autocrine mechanism for E2 induction of ERK1/2 in HUVEC. Because our previous studies suggested that certain cardioprotective effects of estrogen are genomic in nature, the results are consistent with the hypothesis that autocrine stimulation of endothelial ERK1/2 activity by bFGF may play a role in the beneficial effects of estrogen on cardiovascular biology.
Outcomes of Medicare Beneficiaries With Heart Failure and Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Prateeti Khazanie, Li Liang, Laura G Qualls, Lesley H Curtis, Gregg C Fonarow, Bradley G Hammill, Stephen C Hammill, Paul A Heidenreich, Frederick A Masoudi, Adrian F Hernandez, Jonathan P Piccini
Journal: JACC Heart Failure (2014)
RNA silencing of the mitochondrial ABCB7 transporter in HeLa cells causes an iron-deficient phenotype with mitochondrial iron overload
Authors: Patrizia Cavadini, Giorgio Biasiotto, Maura Poli, Sonia Levi, Rosanna Verardi, Isabella Zanella, Manuela Derosas, Rosaria Ingrassia, Marcella Corrado, Paolo Arosio
Journal: Blood (2006)
Accuracy of cervicovaginal fetal fibronectin test in predicting risk of spontaneous preterm birth: systematic review
Authors: H. Honest
Journal: BMJ (2002)

<h3>abstract</h3> <b>Objective</b>: To determine the accuracy with which a cervicovaginal fetal fibronectin test predicts spontaneous preterm birth in women with or without symptoms of preterm labour. <b>Design</b>: Systematic quantitative review of studies of test accuracy. <b>Data sources</b>: Medline, Embase, PASCAL, Biosis, Cochrane Library, Medion, National Research Register, SCISEARCH, conference papers, manual searching of bibliographies of known primary and review articles, and contact with experts and manufacturer. <b>Study selection</b>: Two reviewers independently selected and extracted data on study characteristics, quality, and accuracy. <b>Data extraction</b>: Accuracy data were used to form 2×2 contingency tables with spontaneous preterm birth before 34 and 37 weeks9 gestation and birth within 7-10 days of testing (for symptomatic pregnant women) as reference standards. Data were pooled to produce summary receiver operating characteristic curves and summary likelihood ratios for positive and negative test results. <b>Data synthesis</b>: 64 primary articles were identified, consisting of 28 studies in asymptomatic women and 40 in symptomatic women, with a total of 26 876 women. Among asymptomatic women the best summary likelihood ratio for positive results was 4.01 (95% confidence interval 2.93 to 5.49) for predicting birth before 34 weeks9 gestation, with corresponding summary likelihood ratio for negative results of 0.78 (0.72 to 0.84). Among symptomatic women the best summary likelihood ratio for positive results was 5.42 (4.36 to 6.74) for predicting birth within 7-10 days of testing, with corresponding ratio for negative results of 0.25 (0.20 to 0.31). <b>Conclusion</b>: Cervicovaginal fetal fibronectin test is most accurate in predicting spontaneous preterm birth within 7-10 days of testing among women with symptoms of threatened preterm birth before advanced cervical dilatation.
Chromosome Instability and Risk of Squamous Cell Carcinomas of Head and Neck
Authors: Li-E Wang, Ping Xiong, Hui Zhao, Margaret R. Spitz, Erich M. Sturgis, Qingyi Wei
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract In 895 subjects with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN) and 898 cancer-free controls matched by age, sex, and ethnicity, we validated our previous finding that mutagen sensitivity as measured by the frequency of chromatid breaks in vitro induced by benzo[a]pyrene diol epoxide (BPDE) is an independent risk factor for SCCHN. Using a previously established concentration of 4 μmol/L BPDE to treat short-term cultured primary lymphocytes for 5 hours, we evaluated chromatid breaks in 50 well-spread metaphases for each blood sample. The mean frequency of BPDE-induced chromatid breaks was significantly higher in cases than in controls in non-Hispanic Whites (P = 0.0003) but not in other ethnic groups (P = 0.549 for Hispanic Americans and 0.257 for African Americans). The odds ratio associated with risk of SCCHN for the frequency of chromatid breaks greater than median value of controls was 1.56 (95% confidence interval, 1.27–1.91) in non-Hispanic Whites (767 cases and 763 controls) after adjustment for age, sex, smoking status, and drinking status. When the quartiles of the controls were used as the cutoff values, there was a dose response between the degree of mutagen sensitivity and risk of SCCHN in non-Hispanic Whites (Ptrend = 0.0001). However, none of these associations in non-Hispanic Whites was identified in Hispanic Americans (69 cases and 70 controls) or African Americans (59 cases and 65 controls), possibly because of the small samples of these ethnic groups or ethnic difference in genetic variation, which needs to be confirmed in future studies. [Cancer Res 2008;68(11):4479–85]
Thymic origin of embryonic intestinal gamma/delta T cells.
Authors: D Dunon, M D Cooper, B A Imhof
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1993)

Current evidence suggests both thymic and extrathymic origins for T cells. Studies in mice favor an in situ origin for a prominent population of intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes that express gamma/delta T cell receptor (TCR). This developmental issue is explored in an avian model in which the gamma/delta lymphocytes constitute a major T cell subpopulation that is accessible for study during the earliest stages of lymphocyte development. In the chick embryo, cells bearing the gamma/delta TCR appear first in the thymus where they reach peak levels on days 14-15 of embryogenesis, just 2 d before gamma/delta T cells appear in the intestine. Using two congenic chick strains, one of which expresses the ov antigen, we studied the origin and kinetics of intestinal colonization by gamma/delta T cells. The embryonic gamma/delta+ thymocytes homed to the intestine where they survived for months, whereas an embryonic gamma/delta- thymocyte population enriched in thymocyte precursors failed to give rise to intestinal gamma/delta+ T cells. Embryonic hemopoietic tissues, bone marrow, and spleen, were also ineffective sources for intestinal gamma/delta+ T cells. Intestinal colonization by gamma/delta+ thymocytes occurred in two discrete waves in embryos and newly hatched birds. The data indicate that intestinal gamma/delta T cells in the chicken are primarily thymic migrants that are relatively long-lived.
Defective cystathionine beta-synthase regulation by S-adenosylmethionine in a partially pyridoxine responsive homocystinuria patient.
Authors: L A Kluijtmans, G H Boers, E M Stevens, W O Renier, J P Kraus, F J Trijbels, L P van den Heuvel, H J Blom
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1996)

We determined the molecular basis of cystathionine beta-synthase (CBS) deficiency in a partially pyridoxine-responsive homocystinuria patient. Direct sequencing of the entire CBS cDNA revealed the presence of a homozygous G1330A transition. This mutation causes an amino acid change from aspartic acid to asparagine (D444N) in the regulatory domain of the protein and abolishes a TaqI restriction site at DNA level. Despite the homozygous mutation, CBS activities in extracts of cultured fibroblasts of this patient were not in the homozygous but in the heterozygous range. Furthermore, we observed no stimulation of CBS activity by S-adenosylmethionine, contrary to a threefold stimulation in control fibroblast extract. The mutation was introduced in an E. coli expression system and CBS activities were measured after addition of different S-adenosylmethionine concentrations (0-200 microM). Again, we observed a defective stimulation of CBS activity by S-adenosylmethionine in the mutated construct, whereas the normal construct showed a threefold stimulation in activity. These data suggest that this D444N mutation interferes in S-adenosylmethionine regulation of CBS. Furthermore, it indicates the importance of S-adenosylmethionine regulation of the transsulfuration pathway in homocysteine homeostasis in humans.
Aortic ball valve resistance.
Authors: V O Bjork, A Grenvik, P Herzog, M H Holmdahl
Journal: Thorax (1966)

Lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) is a cystic lung disease frequently associated with reduced exercise capacity. The aim of this study was to assess safety and efficacy of pulmonary rehabilitation in LAM. This controlled clinical trial included 40 patients with LAM and a low physical activity level. The pulmonary rehabilitation programme comprised 24 aerobic and muscle strength training sessions and education. The primary outcome was exercise capacity (endurance time during a constant work rate exercise test). Secondary outcomes included health-related quality of life (St George9s Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ)), 6-min walking distance (6MWD), dyspnoea, peak oxygen consumption (<i>V</i>′<sub>O<sub>2</sub></sub>), daily physical activity (pedometer), symptoms of anxiety and depression, lung function and peripheral muscle strength (one-repetition maximum). The baseline characteristics were well balanced between the groups. The pulmonary rehabilitation group exhibited improvements in the following outcomes <i>versus</i> controls: endurance time (median (interquartile range) 169 (2–303) s <i>versus</i> −33 (−129–39) s; p=0.001), SGRQ (median (interquartile range) −8 (−16–2) <i>versus</i> 2 (−4–5); p=0.002) and 6MWD (median (interquartile range) 59 (13–81) m <i>versus</i> 20 (−12–30) m; p=0.002). Dyspnoea, peak <i>V</i>′<sub>O<sub>2</sub></sub>, daily physical activity and muscle strength also improved significantly. No serious adverse events were observed. Pulmonary rehabilitation is a safe intervention and improves exercise capacity, dyspnoea, daily physical activity, quality of life and muscle strength in LAM.
Routine coagulation of visible vessels may prevent delayed bleeding after endoscopic submucosal dissection - An analysis of risk factors
Authors: K. Takizawa, I. Oda, T. Gotoda, C. Yokoi, T. Matsuda, Y. Saito, D. Saito, H. Ono
Journal: Endoscopy (2008)

See also: Commentaire de travail de K. Takizawa et al., pp. 179Endoscopy 2008; 40(03): 355-355DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1306812