tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Bed occupancy in psychiatric units in Greater London is 113%
Authors: D. Hollander, R. Powell, R. Tobiansky
Journal: BMJ (1996)

Bed occupancy in psychiatric nits in Greater London is 113% ED1ToR,-On 26 May this year we surveyed bed occupancy in the acute psychiatric units in inner and outer London.Using a telephone method described elsewhere,' we obtained information from all 117 wards within 50 NHS units covering 29 districts.The bed occupancy of all the Thames regional areas of Greater London exceeded 100%(table 1).Beds were available in only four districts.These figures are lower an those found in other studies2 but exceed those found in our four year study (in 1990-3) by a startling margin (113%, compared with 101% for 1993).1 Table 1-Bed occupancy in all acute psychiatric units In Greater London No of Total acute No of Occupancy beds patients (%) Inner
Liver fatty acid binding protein (L-Fabp) modulates murine stellate cell activation and diet-induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Anping Chen, Youcai Tang, Victoria Davis, Fong-Fu Hsu, Susan M. Kennedy, Haowei Song, John Turk, Elizabeth M. Brunt, Elizabeth P. Newberry, Nicholas O. Davidson
Journal: Hepatology (2013)

Activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) is crucial to the development of fibrosis in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Quiescent HSCs contain lipid droplets (LDs), whose depletion upon activation induces a fibrogenic gene program. Here we show that liver fatty acid-binding protein (L-Fabp), an abundant cytosolic protein that modulates fatty acid (FA) metabolism in enterocytes and hepatocytes, also modulates HSC FA utilization and in turn regulates the fibrogenic program. L-Fabp expression decreased 10-fold following HSC activation, concomitant with depletion of LDs. Primary HSCs isolated from L-FABP(-/-) mice contain fewer LDs than wild-type (WT) HSCs, and exhibit up-regulated expression of genes involved in HSC activation. Adenoviral L-Fabp transduction inhibited activation of passaged WT HSCs and increased both the expression of prolipogenic genes and also augmented intracellular lipid accumulation, including triglyceride and FA, predominantly palmitate. Freshly isolated HSCs from L-FABP(-/-) mice correspondingly exhibited decreased palmitate in the free FA pool. To investigate whether L-FABP deletion promotes HSC activation in vivo, we fed L-FABP(-/-) and WT mice a high-fat diet supplemented with trans-fatty acids and fructose (TFF). TFF-fed L-FABP(-/-) mice exhibited reduced hepatic steatosis along with decreased LD abundance and size compared to WT mice. In addition, TFF-fed L-FABP(-/-) mice exhibited decreased hepatic fibrosis, with reduced expression of fibrogenic genes, compared to WT mice.L-FABP deletion attenuates both diet-induced hepatic steatosis and fibrogenesis, despite the observation that L-Fabp paradoxically promotes FA and LD accumulation and inhibits HSC activation in vitro. These findings highlight the importance of cell-specific modulation of hepatic lipid metabolism in promoting fibrogenesis in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. (Hepatology 2013).
Tuberculosis After Jejunoileal Bypass
Authors: Charles E. Wills
Journal: JAMA (1976)

To the Editor.—  In the article by Dr Pickleman (234:744, 1975), two cases of tuberculosis were reported. Dr Pickleman stated that to his knowledge this was the first report of such an occurrence.  I previously reported two cases of tuberculous cervical adenitis following jejunoileostomy for obesity and noted that natural body resistance probably is low during the period of marked weight loss.1One of the patients had arrested tuberculosis, and the other worked in a tuberculosis hospital. Both patients were successfully treated medically and have remained free of disease for six years.  By combining Dr Pickleman's cases with mine, I note that three of the four had tuberculous cervical adenitis. This is unusual since it is rare for the original manifestations of tuberculosis to occur in the cervical glands.  My cases occurred early in a series of 604 cases from November 1963 to December 1975. I have not had
141. Ovarian Cancer-Specific Gene Therapy by Oncolytic Adenovirus
Authors: Katsuyuki Hamada
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

To explore the potential use of IAI.3B isolated from ovarian cancer cells in gene therapy for ovarian cancer, we identified the promoter region of the IAI.3B gene and created a replication-selective adenovirus, AdE3-IAI.3B, driven by the promoter. The promoter activity of IAI.3B is preferentially expressed in ovarian cancer cells with negligible expression in squamous cell carcinoma and normal cells. We inserted the IAI.3B promoter into the E1A promoter region of adenovirus to make an oncolytic adenovirus specific for ovarian cancer therapy.
Effects of Exercise Training on Depressive Symptoms in Patients With Chronic Heart Failure
Authors: James A. Blumenthal, Michael A. Babyak, Christopher O’Connor, Steven Keteyian, Joel Landzberg, Jonathan Howlett, William Kraus, Stephen Gottlieb, Gordon Blackburn, Ann Swank, David J. Whellan
Journal: JAMA (2012)

<h3>Context</h3>Depression is common in patients with cardiac disease, especially in patients with heart failure, and is associated with increased risk of adverse health outcomes. Some evidence suggests that aerobic exercise may reduce depressive symptoms, but to our knowledge the effects of exercise on depression in patients with heart failure have not been evaluated.<h3>Objective</h3>To determine whether exercise training will result in greater improvements in depressive symptoms compared with usual care among patients with heart failure.<h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3>Multicenter, randomized controlled trial involving 2322 stable patients treated for heart failure at 82 medical clinical centers in the United States, Canada, and France. Patients who had a left ventricular ejection fraction of 35% or lower, had New York Heart Association class I to IV heart failure, and had completed the Beck Depression Inventory II (BDI-II) score were randomized (1:1) between April 2003 and February 2007. Depressive scores ranged from 0 to 59; scores of 14 or higher are considered clinically significant.<h3>Interventions</h3>Participants were randomized either to supervised aerobic exercise (goal of 90 min/wk for months 1-3 followed by home exercise with a goal of ≥120 min/wk for months 4-12) or to education and usual guideline-based heart failure care.<h3>Main Outcome Measures</h3>Composite of death or hospitalization due to any cause and scores on the BDI-II at months 3 and 12.<h3>Results</h3>Over a median follow-up period of 30 months, 789 patients (68%) died or were hospitalized in the usual care group compared with 759 (66%) in the aerobic exercise group (hazard ratio [HR], 0.89; 95% CI, 0.81 to 0.99; P = .03). The median BDI-II score at study entry was 8, with 28% of the sample having BDI-II scores of 14 or higher. Compared with usual care, aerobic exercise resulted in lower mean BDI-II scores at 3 months (aerobic exercise, 8.95; 95% CI, 8.61 to 9.29 vs usual care, 9.70; 95% CI, 9.34 to 10.06; difference, −0.76; 95% CI,−1.22 to −0.29; P = .002) and at 12 months (aerobic exercise, 8.86; 95% CI, 8.67 to 9.24 vs usual care, 9.54; 95% CI, 9.15 to 9.92; difference, −0.68; 95% CI, −1.20 to −0.16; P = .01).<h3>Conclusions</h3>Compared with guideline-based usual care, exercise training resulted in a modest reduction in depressive symptoms, although the clinical significance of this improvement is unknown.<h3>Trial Registration</h3>clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00047437
Binding of Lys-plasminogen to monocytes/macrophages.
Authors: R L Silverstein, R J Friedlander, R L Nicholas, R L Nachman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1988)

The ability of mononuclear phagocytes to assemble and activate components of the fibrinolytic system on their surfaces may be crucial in effecting an efficient inflammatory response. Lys-plasminogen, the plasmin modified form of this zymogen, was found to bind specifically and with high affinity to murine peritoneal macrophages and to cells of the human monocytoid line U937. This modified plasminogen has been shown to be a more efficient substrate for plasminogen activators than native Glu-plasminogen. Binding was lysine binding site dependent, rapid and reversible. In contrast, although native Glu-plasminogen bound specifically to these cells, affinity was low. Lys-plasminogen inhibited the binding of Glu-plasminogen but the opposite was not true. Molecular analysis of the bound ligands indicated that Glu-plasminogen was converted to Lys-plasminogen and Lys-plasminogen to plasmin on the cell surface but not in the supernatant. Peritoneal macrophages from patients with indwelling catheters and tissue macrophages in chronic inflammatory lesions were shown to express immunologically identified Lys-plasminogen on their surfaces. Therefore binding and surface activation of kinetically favored Lys-plasminogen may provide an important physiological mechanism for localizing proteolytic activity on the surface of inflammatory cells.
Pulmonary Tuberculosis in African Native Troops
Authors: N. C. Oswald
Journal: Thorax (1946)

An acute course, with a high incidence of gross glandular enlargement and of tuberculous pneumonia, is well recognized as characteristic.This paper deals with 416 African coloured troops in whom pulmonary tuberculosis was diagnosed whilst they were on active service in the Mediterranean theatre, during a period of one year .They comprised East Africans (Kenya, Uganda, Tanganyika, and Northern Rhodesia), West Africans (Nigeria), South Africans (Cape Coloured, a mixed race, mainly Dutch and Hottentot), and troops from the High Com- missioned Territories (Basutoland, Bechuanaland, and Swaziland).The great majority had lived in tents in the deserts of Egypt, North Africa, and Palestine, being employed as pioneers, motor drivers, guards for static installations, medical orderlies, and gunners.A few saw active service in North Africa and Italy. The416 cases were studied in the African Section of a Military Hospital in Egypt, where all Africans suffering from tuberculosis were collected prior to repatria- tion.The clinical features will be described, together with the post-mortem findings in 50 of the 51 patients who died in the hospital during the year.HISTORICAL Tuberculosis, which has probably existed in Egypt since Dynastic times (Elliott Smith, 1902), may have been introduced, as a result of trading, into a few of the coastal tribes of East Africa in the distant past.Apart from this, the negro races of Africa were probably free from tuberculosis until the end of the fifteenth century and remained so until infection was brought to them by Europeans.Prior to the beginning of the sixteenth century there is no evidence of any significant penetration of East, South, or West Africa by European races.
Abstract 1826: Anti-tumorigenic effects by targeted functional disruption of the Sin3 PAH-2 domain
Authors: Edgardo V. Ariztia, Tirtha K. Das, Eduardo F. Farias, Boris Leibovitch, Kevin Petrie, Veronica Gil, Arthur Zelent, Ming-Ming Zhou, Ross L. Cagan, Samuel Waxman
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract The Sin3 A/B adapter proteins function as structural scaffolds for repressor/activator complexes that regulate transcription through the specific association with histone modifying enzymes and a number of transcription factors. Sin3 contains four paired amphipathic α-helices (PAH domains). We have reported earlier that targeted disruption of the PAH2 domain with a SID (Sin3 Interaction Domain) peptide decoy in triple negative (TN) breast cancer cells leads to cytoskeletal reorganization, loss of anchorage independent growth and 3D invasive morphology and decreased cell adhesion and invasion. There is epigenetic reprogramming of silenced genes such as CDH1, ESR1 and RARA which are re-expressed and together contribute to a SID decoy induced switch from basal to a more differentiated luminal phenotype (Farias, et. al., PNAS, 2010, 107:11811-6). Computerized screening coupled with such assays as Duolink, GST pull downs and mammalian two hybrid identified small molecule inhibitors (SMI) that mimic the effects of the SID decoy peptide. SMI inhibit cellular invasion at nanomolar range and in in vivo mouse myc TN breast cancer prolong latency, decrease local invasion and metastasis. Tumors recovered showed evidence of re-expression of E-cadherin and estrogen receptor. Early effects of SID decoy in TN breast cancer cells include inhibition of invasion that is associated with a significant decrease in Src phosphorylation within 2-4hr of treatment. Recovery of phosphorylation after SID decoy washout is coupled with recovered invasion at 24hr. These effects occurred prior to measurable increase in E-cadherin expression, suggesting a non-transcriptional effect. In Drosophila larval breast cancer models with activated Src/Ras, overexpression of SID inhibited (60%) tumor growth in the eye imaginal disc, and was eradicated by the addition of a MEK inhibitor (AZD-6244), indicating a strong synergy between SID and AZD-6244. In the adult fly SID expression greatly inhibited RetMEN2B induced eye tumors (90%). These data demonstrate that SID decoys have a potential to be effective agents in the treatment of TN breast cancer by promoting basal phenotype reversal, inhibiting invasion and metastasis, and could be synergistic with specific inhibitors of signal transduction targets. Moreover, SID decoys can overcome profound oncogenic stimulus such as Ras, Src and Ret suggesting that they have a potential greater role than just in the treatment of TN breast cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1826. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-1826
Assessment of lead exposure in schoolchildren from Jakarta.
Authors: I Heinze, R Gross, P Stehle, D Dillon
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1998)

Children attending schools in urban areas with high traffic density are a high risk group for lead poisoning. We assessed the magnitude of lead exposure in schoolchildren from Jakarta by analyzing blood lead concentrations and biomarkers of heme biosynthesis. A total of 131 children from four public elementary schools in Jakarta (two in the southern district and two in the central district) were enrolled in the study. To evaluate lead pollution in each area, soil samples and tap water were collected. The mean blood lead concentration was higher in the central district than in the southern district (8.3 +/- 2.8 vs. 6.9 +/- 3.5 microg/100 ml; p<0.05); 26.7% of the children had lead levels greater than 10 microg/100 ml. In 24% of the children, zinc protoporphyrin concentrations were over 70 micromol/mol hemoglobin; in 17% of the samples, hemoglobin was less than 11 g/100 ml. All other values were within the physiological range. Blood lead concentration and hematological biomarkers were not correlated. Analyses of tap water revealed lead values under 0. 01 mg/l; lead contamination of soil ranged from 77 to 223 ppm. Our data indicate that Indonesian children living in urban areas are at increased risk for blood lead levels above the actual acceptable limit. Activities to reduce pollution (e.g., reduction of lead in gasoline) and continuous monitoring of lead exposure are strongly recommended.
Cyberbullying Victimization and Mental Health in Adolescents and the Moderating Role of Family Dinners
Authors: Frank J. Elgar, Anthony Napoletano, Grace Saul, Melanie A. Dirks, Wendy Craig, V. Paul Poteat, Melissa Holt, Brian W. Koenig
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2014)

This study presents evidence that cyberbullying victimization relates to internalizing, externalizing, and substance use problems in adolescents and that the frequency of family dinners attenuate these associations.To examine the unique association between cyberbullying victimization and adolescent mental health (after controlling differences in involvement in traditional, face-to-face bullying) and to explore the potential moderating role of family contact in this association.This cross-sectional, observational study used survey data on 18,834 students (aged 12-18 years) from 49 schools in a Midwestern US state. Logistic regression analysis tested associations between cyberbullying victimization and the likelihood of mental health and substance use problems. Negative binomial regression analysis tested direct and synergistic contributions of cyberbullying victimization and family dinners on the rates of mental health and substance use problems.Frequency of cyberbullying victimization during the previous 12 months; victimization by traditional (face-to-face) bullying; and perpetration of traditional bullying.Five internalizing mental health problems (anxiety, depression, self-harm, suicide ideation, and suicide attempt), 2 externalizing problems (fighting and vandalism), and 4 substance use problems (frequent alcohol use, frequent binge drinking, prescription drug misuse, and over-the-counter drug misuse).About one-fifth (18.6%) of the sample experienced cyberbullying during the previous 12 months. The frequency of cyberbullying positively related to all 11 internalizing, externalizing, and substance use problems (odds ratios from 2.6 [95% CI, 1.7-3.8] to 4.5 [95% CI, 3.0-6.6]). However, victimization related more closely to rates of problems in adolescents that had fewer family dinners.Cyberbullying relates to mental health and substance use problems in adolescents, even after their involvement in face-to-face bullying is taken into account. Although correlational, these results suggest that family dinners (ie, family contact and communication) are beneficial to adolescent mental health and may help protect adolescents from the harmful consequences of cyberbullying.
Effectiveness and safety of a nonremovable fiberglass off-bearing cast versus a therapeutic shoe in the treatment of neuropathic foot ulcers: a randomized study.
Authors: C Caravaggi, E Faglia, R De Giglio, M Mantero, A Quarantiello, E Sommariva, M Gino, C Pritelli, A Morabito
Journal: Diabetes Care (2000)

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate and compare the rate of reduction of the surface area of neuropathic plantar ulcers in diabetic patients treated with nonremovable rigidity-differentiated fiberglass off-bearing casts or a cloth shoe with a rigid sole with unloading alkaform insoles. The secondary aim was to evaluate the side effects and degree of patient acceptance of treatment. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Fifty diabetic patients with neuropathic plantar ulcers were consecutively enrolled and randomized to one of two treatment groups. Of the 50 patients, 24 were treated with a specialized cloth shoe with a rigid sole and an unloading alkaform insole (shoe group), and 26 patients were treated with a nonremovable off-bearing fiberglass cast (cast group). All patients in both study groups returned to the clinic for weekly control visits. Their ulcers were treated with a standard dressing. Tracings of the ulcer area using a transparent dressing were performed on the day of entry to the study and after 30 days of treatment. The presence of new ulcerations caused by the use of the pressure-relief apparatus was recorded. Patient acceptance of the treatment was measured using a visual analog scale. RESULTS: At the end of the treatment period, an 8.3% increase of the ulcer area was observed in two patients in the shoe group, whereas in the cast group, no patient presented an increase. The reduction of the ulcer area was statistically more rapid in the cast group (Mann-Whitney test, P = 0.0004). Furthermore, the number of ulcers completely healed at the 30-day time point was 13 (50%) in the cast group and 5 (20.8%) in the shoe group (P = 0.03). In both groups, no side effects were recorded. The average score +/- SD of patient acceptance was 91.15 +/- 9.9 in the shoe group and 88.33 +/- 17.3 (NS) in the cast group. CONCLUSIONS: Our study has shown a significant difference in the speed of the reduction of neuropathic plantar ulcers treated with a fiberglass cast compared with a specialized cloth shoe. The use of fiberglass material with variable rigidity has also shown two important results: the elimination of side effects including ulcers caused by the cast, and high patient acceptance. These data show that the use of off-bearing casts made with fiberglass bandages of variable rigidity is the elective treatment of neuropathic plantar ulcers.
Lung Function Studies in Children with Allergic Rhinitis
Authors: E. Svenonius, M. Arborelius, R. Kautto, B. Lilja
Journal: Allergy (1982)

Thirty carefully selected children with seasonal allergic rhinitis but without history or signs of lung involvement were examined clinically and by lung function tests during the pollen season as well as in the pollen‐free season. During the pollen‐free season the children had ‐if anything ‐ slightly better lung function than a healthy control material. During the pollen season the only change was a slight increase in FRC and a decrease in lung clearance index, directly proportional to the change in FRC. Sixteen of the children performed an exercise test in the pollen‐free season. A small increase in the volume of trapped gas (VTG) was noted, indicating a subclinical spasm in small airways. Salbutamol inhalation alter exercise reduced VTG below base‐line values, indicating disappearance of subclinical bronchospasm. Hay Fever children thus have a tendency towards bronchospasm after exercise in the pollen‐free season, which, owever, is of no clinical importance, as their VTG also after the exercise was less (better) than the predicted normal.
The medium and the message
Authors: T. Greenhalgh
Journal: BMJ (2012)

“Don’t join Twitter,” said some, “it’s full of trivia.” “Do join,” said others, “you can choose who you follow.” I created an account. Nothing happened. The statistics told me why: tweets=0 (I hadn’t posted any messages); followers=0 (nobody had signed up to read them); following=0 (I wasn’t signed up to read anyone else’s messages).

Nervously, I typed a message. “My first Tweet! Here’s a cute clip of a deaf toddler having a conversation www.wimp.com/deafchild/.” Some pals “tweeted” …
Definitions of the Metabolic Syndrome
Authors: Nigel Unwin
Journal: JAMA (2003)

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