tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Avoiding mechanical ventilation to prevent bronchopulmonary dysplasia: A meta-analysis
Authors: Hendrik Fischer, Christoph Bührer
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Background:  Intubation and mechanical ventilation of neonates with respiratory distress syndrome is associated with the development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). However, it is not known whether avoidance of mechanical ventilation can reduce the incidence of BPD in very premature infants.   Objective:  To investigate, in a meta-analysis, the influence of strategies to avoid mechanical ventilation on BPD incidence in premature infants of    Methods:  The authors searched MEDLINE, EMBASE and CENTRAL (January 2000 to February 2013) for randomized controlled trials comparing continuous positive airway pressure or non-invasive ventilation with endotracheal ventilation or intubation-surfactant-extubation (INSURE). The primary outcome was death or BPD at 36 weeks’ GA. A secondary outcome was intraventricular haemorrhage (IVH) grade 3 or 4. Data analyses were performed with RevMan Version 5.1.6 using a random effects model.   Results:  Seven studies comprising 3289 patients were included in the meta-analysis. In infants randomized to strategies avoiding intubation and mechanical ventilation, the rate of death or BPD was 39.6% (614/1552) versus 42.4% (737/1737) in controls, p=0.01. The odds ratio [95% confidence interval] for death or BPD was 0.83 [0.71-0.96], the number needed to treat was 35. Avoiding intubation and mechanical ventilation had no influence on IVH, p=0.35.   Conclusions:  This meta-analysis shows that BPD rates in premature infants
Frontotemporal dementia-associated N279K tau mutant disrupts subcellular vesicle trafficking and induces cellular stress in iPSC-derived neural stem cells
Authors: Melissa C. Wren, Jing Zhao, Chia-Chen Liu, Melissa E. Murray, Yuka Atagi, Mary D. Davis, Yuan Fu, Hirotaka J. Okano, Kotaro Ogaki, Audrey J. Strongosky, Pawel Tacik, Rosa Rademakers, Owen A. Ross, Dennis W. Dickson, Zbigniew K. Wszolek, Takahisa Kanekiyo, Guojun Bu
Journal: Molecular Neurodegeneration (2015)

Pallido-ponto-nigral degeneration (PPND), a major subtype of frontotemporal dementia with parkinsonism related to chromosome 17 (FTDP-17), is a progressive and terminal neurodegenerative disease caused by c.837 T > G mutation in the MAPT gene encoding microtubule-associated protein tau (rs63750756; N279K). This MAPT mutation induces alternative splicing of exon 10, resulting in a modification of microtubule-binding region of tau. Although mutations in the MAPT gene have been linked to multiple tauopathies including Alzheimer's disease, frontotemporal dementia and progressive supranuclear palsy, knowledge regarding how tau N279K mutation causes PPND/FTDP-17 is limited. We investigated the underlying disease mechanism associated with the N279K tau mutation using PPND/FTDP-17 patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and autopsy brains. In iPSC-derived neural stem cells (NSCs), the N279K tau mutation induced an increased ratio of 4-repeat to 3-repeat tau and accumulation of stress granules indicating elevated cellular stress. More significant, NSCs derived from patients with the N279K tau mutation displayed impaired endocytic trafficking as evidenced by accumulation of endosomes and exosomes, and a reduction of lysosomes. Since there were no significant differences in cellular stress and distribution of subcellular organelles between control and N279K skin fibroblasts, N279K-related vesicle trafficking defects are likely specific to the neuronal lineage. Consistently, the levels of intracellular/luminal vesicle and exosome marker flotillin-1 were significantly increased in frontal and temporal cortices of PPND/FTDP-17 patients with the N279K tau mutation, events that were not seen in the occipital cortex which is the most spared cortical region in the patients. Together, our results demonstrate that alterations of intracellular vesicle trafficking in NSCs/neurons likely contribute to neurodegeneration as an important disease mechanism underlying the N279K tau mutation in PPND/FTDP-17.
Abnormal thymic stromal lymphopoietin expression in the duodenal mucosa of patients with coeliac disease
Authors: Paolo Biancheri, Antonio Di Sabatino, Maria Rescigno, Paolo Giuffrida, Giulia Fornasa, Katerina Tsilingiri, Sylvia L F Pender, Cinzia Papadia, Eleanor Wood, Alessandra Pasini, Cristina Ubezio, Alessandro Vanoli, Alastair Forbes, Thomas T MacDonald, Gino R Corazza
Journal: Gut (2015)

<h3>Objective</h3> The short isoform of thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), a cytokine constitutively expressed by epithelial cells, is crucial in preserving immune tolerance in the gut. TSLP deficiency has been implicated in sustaining intestinal damage in Crohn9s disease. We explored mucosal TSLP expression and function in refractory and uncomplicated coeliac disease (CD), a T-cell-mediated enteropathy induced by gluten in genetically susceptible individuals. <h3>Design</h3> TSLP isoforms—long and short—and receptors—TSLPR and interleukin (IL)-7Rα—were assessed by immunofluorescence, immunoblotting and qRT-PCR in the duodenum of untreated, treated, potential and refractory patients with CD. The ability of the serine protease furin or CD biopsy supernatants to cleave TSLP was evaluated by immunoblotting. The production of interferon (IFN)-γ and IL-8 by untreated CD biopsies cultured ex vivo with TSLP isoforms was also assessed. <h3>Results</h3> Mucosal TSLP, but not TSLPR and IL-7Rα, was reduced in untreated CD and refractory CD in comparison to treated CD, potential CD and controls. Transcripts of both TSLP isoforms were decreased in active CD mucosa. Furin, which was overexpressed in active CD biopsies, was able to cleave TSLP in vitro. Accordingly, refractory and untreated CD supernatants showed higher TSLP-degrading capacity in comparison to treated CD and control supernatants. In our ex vivo model, both TSLP isoforms significantly downregulated IFN-γ and IL-8 production by untreated CD biopsies. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Reduced mucosal TSLP expression may contribute to intestinal damage in refractory and untreated CD. Further studies are needed to verify whether restoring TSLP might be therapeutically useful especially in refractory patients with CD.
Phase I Dose-Finding and Pharmacokinetic Study of Paclitaxel and Carboplatin With Oral Valspodar in Patients With Advanced Solid Tumors
Authors: Amita Patnaik, Ellen Warner, Michael Michael, Merrill J. Egorin, Malcolm J. Moore, Lillian L. Siu, Paula M. Fracasso, Saul Rivkin, Ian Kerr, Manuel Litchman, Amit M. Oza
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2000)

PURPOSE: To evaluate the maximum-tolerated dose (MTD), dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs), and pharmacokinetic (PK) profile of paclitaxel and carboplatin when administered every 3 weeks with the oral semisynthetic cyclosporine analog valspodar (PSC 833), an inhibitor of P-glycoprotein function. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Fifty-eight patients were treated with escalating doses of paclitaxel ranging from 54 to 94.5 mg/m 2 and carboplatin area under the plasma concentration versus time curve (AUC) ranging from 6 to 9 mg·min/mL, every 21 days. The dose of valspodar was fixed at 5 mg/kg every 6 hours for a total of 12 doses from day 0 to day 3. The MTD was determined for the following two groups: (1) previously treated patients, where paclitaxel and carboplatin doses were escalated; and (2) chemotherapy-naïve patients, where paclitaxel dose was escalated and carboplatin AUC was fixed at 6 mg·min/mL. PK studies of paclitaxel and carboplatin were performed on day 1 of course 1. RESULTS: Fifty-eight patients were treated with 186 courses of paclitaxel, carboplatin, and valspodar. Neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, and hepatic transaminase elevations were DLTs. In previously treated patients, no DLTs occurred at the first dose level (paclitaxel 54 mg/m 2 and carboplatin AUC 6 mg·min/mL). However, one of 12, two of six, two of four, four of 11, and two of five patients experienced DLTs at doses of paclitaxel (mg/m 2 )/carboplatin AUC (mg·min/mL) of 67.5/6, 81/6, 94.5/6, 67.5/7.5, and 67.5/9, respectively. In chemotherapy-naïve patients, one of 17 developed DLT at paclitaxel 81 mg/m 2 and carboplatin AUC 6 mg/mL·min. There was prolongation of the terminal phase of paclitaxel elimination as evidenced by an increased time that plasma paclitaxel concentration was ≥ 0.05 μmol/L, ranging from 16.6 ± 6.7 hours to 41.5 ± 9.8 hours for paclitaxel doses of 54.5 mg/m 2 to 94.5 mg/m 2 , respectively. CONCLUSION: The recommended phase II dose in chemotherapy-naïve patients is paclitaxel 81 mg/m 2 , carboplatin AUC 6 mg·min/mL, and valspodar 5 mg/kg every 6 hours. In previously treated patients, the recommended phase II dose is paclitaxel 67.5 mg/m 2 , carboplatin AUC 6 mg·min/mL, and valspodar 5 mg/kg every 6 hours. The acceptable toxicity profile supports the rationale for performing disease-directed evaluations of paclitaxel, carboplatin and valspodar on the schedule evaluated in this study.
Randomized trial of intensive cyclophosphamide, epirubicin, and fluorouracil chemotherapy compared with cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and fluorouracil in premenopausal women with node-positive breast cancer. National Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group.
Authors: M N Levine, V H Bramwell, K I Pritchard, B D Norris, L E Shepherd, H Abu-Zahra, B Findlay, D Warr, D Bowman, J Myles, A Arnold, T Vandenberg, R MacKenzie, J Robert, J Ottaway, M Burnell, C K Williams, D Tu
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1998)

PURPOSE To determine the relative efficacy of an intensive cyclophosphamide, epirubicin, and fluorouracil (CEF) adjuvant chemotherapy regimen compared with cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and fluorouracil (CMF) in node-positive breast cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS Premenopausal women with node-positive breast cancer were randomly allocated to receive either cyclophosphamide 100 mg/m2 orally days 1 through 14; methotrexate 40 mg/m2 intravenously (i.v.) days 1 and 8; and fluorouracil 600 mg/m2 i.v. days 1 and 8 or cyclophosphomide 75 mg/m2 orally days 1 through 14; epirubicin 60 mg/m2 i.v. days 1 and 8; and fluorouracil 500 mg/m2 i.v. days 1 and 8. Each cycle was administered monthly for 6 months. Patients administered CEF received antibiotic prophylaxis with cotrimoxazole two tablets twice a day for the duration of chemotherapy. RESULTS The median follow-up was 59 months. One hundred sixty-nine of the 359 CMF patients developed recurrence compared with 132 of the 351 CEF patients. The corresponding 5-year relapse-free survival rates were 53% and 63%, respectively (P = .009). One hundred seven CMF patients died compared with 85 CEF patients. The corresponding 5-year actuarial survival rates were 70% and 77%, respectively (P = .03). The rate of hospitalization for febrile neutropenia was 1.1% in the CMF group compared with 8.5% in the CEF group. There was one case of congestive heart failure in a patient who received CMF compared with none in the CEF group. Acute leukemia occurred in five patients in the CEF group. CONCLUSION The results of this trial show the superiority of CEF over CMF in terms of both disease-free and overall survival in premenopausal women with axillary node-positive breast cancer.
Synthetic 3D diamond-based electrodes for flexible retinal neuroprostheses: Model, production and in vivo biocompatibility
Authors: Amel Bendali, Lionel Rousseau, Gaëlle Lissorgues, Emmanuel Scorsone, Milan Djilas, Julie Dégardin, Elisabeth Dubus, Stéphane Fouquet, Ryad Benosman, Philippe Bergonzo, José-Alain Sahel, Serge Picaud
Journal: Biomaterials (2015)
Survival benefit of repeat liver resections for recurrent colorectal metastases: 143 cases. Association Francaise de Chirurgie.
Authors: B Nordlinger, J C Vaillant, M Guiguet, P Balladur, F Paris, P Bachellier, D Jaeck
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1994)

PURPOSE Resection is the only chance for cure in patients with colorectal liver metastases (LM). Five-year survival rates are close to 25%. Unfortunately, recurrences occur in most patients. Some recurrent LM are technically resectable. The aim of this study was to determine the risks and benefits of repeat resections for recurrent LM. PATIENTS AND METHODS Data from 130 patients who received 143 repeat liver resections for recurrent LM were collected. In 116 patients, only the liver was involved, while 14 had both liver and extrahepatic recurrences. RESULTS In the first group, the operative mortality and morbidity rates were 0.9% and 24.7%, respectively. Two- and 3-year survival rates were 57% and 33%, respectively. Recurrences were observed in 66% of patients. Twelve patients underwent a third hepatectomy for recurrence. The mortality rate was nil, and the mean survival time was 12.5 months. In the group with liver and extrahepatic metastases, the operative mortality and morbidity rates were 0% and 25%. The mean survival time was 16 months. Eleven patients died and 13 had recurrences during the follow-up period. CONCLUSION Some hepatic recurrences after surgical excision of colorectal metastases can be resected with a low operative risk and with a long-term survival rate similar to that obtained after first resections. This emphasizes the need for a careful follow-up after hepatectomy for colorectal metastases to detect resectable recurrences.
Multiple thoracic hydatidosis (About 23 cases)
Authors: Nahid Zaghba, Hanane Benjelloun, Najiba Yassine, Abdelaziz Bakhatar, Abdelkrim Bahlaoui
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

The multiple thoracic hydatidosis is rare, but dangerous because of the difficulties of its therapeutic management, and severity of its complications, some of which can be life threatening. The aim of our study was to evaluate the diagnostic and therapeutic difficulties of multiple thoracic hydatidosis. This is a retrospective study spread over 11 years (January 2000 to September 2011) concerning 23 cases of multiple thoracic hydatidosis. Patients included had two or more thoracic hydatid cysts. There are 11 women and 12 men with a mean age of 46 years (range 16 to 78 years). Six patients have already been operated on for pulmonary hydatid cysts in 3 cases and liver cysts in 3 cases. Pulmonary localization is constant with multiple hydatid cysts making an appearance in balloons release in 16 cases, a double pulmonary hydatid cyst in 7 cases. Cardiac localization was found in 4 cases, while with mediastinal, hepatic, and great vessels is found in 3 cases each. The treatment was surgery alone in 8 cases, associated with medical treatment in 6 cases. Medical treatment alone (Albendazole) was recommended in 15 cases. The evolution was marked by the worsening lesions in five cases, pulmonary hydatid cyst rupture into the pleural cavity in 2 cases, and lesions were stationary in 10 cases. Through this work, we emphasize the rarity and severity of multiple thoracic hydatidosis. Medical treatment remains the only treatment of disseminated forms. The best treatment is preventive.
Local anaesthetic preparation in dermatological surgery: a labour- and time-efficient approach
Authors: C. Gleeson, W. Hussain, J. Spreadborough, N. Mortimer, P. Salmon
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2010)

Funding sources: none. Conflicts of interest: none declared. Madam, The administration of local anaesthesia is fundamental to the practice of dermatological surgery. Furthermore, achieving effective anaesthesia in as 'pain‐free' a manner as possible is desirable for both operator and patient. Given the high volume of dermatological surgical procedures performed in day‐case and outpatient facilities on a daily basis, preparing local anaesthetic solutions in a timely and effective manner has the ability to contribute significantly to the provision of an efficient dermatology service. Lidocaine with adrenaline is one of the commonest local anaesthetic preparations used. The presence of adrenaline is associated with a prolonged anaesthetic half‐life, reduced toxicity and local vasoconstriction. However, premixed lidocaine with adrenaline has a pH of 3·5–5·5 and is painful on injection for the vast majority of patients. Warming of local anaesthetic solution to 37 °C and buffering with sodium bicarbonate to neutralize the pH of the solution have been shown to result in less discomfort during administration.1, 2 As a consequence, it is our practice to add sodium bicarbonate to our local anaesthetic solutions.
Diagnostic value of nasal NO measurement using the NIOX MINO device
Authors: Andreas Jung, Selina Summermatter, Christian Geidel, Alexander Möller, Günter Menz, Roger Lauener
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Background: Screening for primary ciliary dyskinesia might become more widespread with the release of the new NIOX MINO hand held nasal NO (nNO) analyzer. However, no data on accuracy and quality of the measurements are available. This study aimed to compare nNO analysis with the NIOX MINO to the NIOX FLEX gold standard device.  Methods: Nasal NO was assessed in healthy children and adults by NIOX FLEX, followed by NIOX MINO (flow rate 5 ml/s). For each device, measurements consisted of a tests with subjects holding their breath (BH), followed by a tests with tidal breathing (TB) through a medium-sized straw (Jung 2012). A test was considered valid when nNO values reached a stable plateau.  Results: 48 subjects (median age 34.4 yrs) were included. No optical quality control (nNO or CO2 curve) was available for the NIOX MINO. A BH test with the NIOX MINO requires a breath hold of 45s, which only 12 subjects were able to perform (25%; median breath hold time 25s). In general, NIOX MINO nNO levels were significantly lower than for NIOX FLEX (all p  Conclusion: Nasal NO values in healthy subjects are generally lower when the NIOX MINO is used, compared to the gold standard method. This might lead to interpretation problems when the technique is applied in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis or younger children with lower expected nNO levels (ongoing studies). No quality control is available for the device, making the correct interpretation of low values even more difficult.
Metabolic profile of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in rehabilitation program
Authors: Daniel Omersa, Nanca Cebron Lipovec, Tatjana Kosten, Mitja Lainscak
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

OBJECTIVE: Metabolic processes are frequently altered in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Data regarding metabolic profile evaluation in patients undergoing rehabilitation is scarce however important for treatment planning and risk estimation. Therefore our aim was to assess the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MtbS) in patients referred to rehabilitation.  METHODS: History of diabetes (DM), MtbS, clinical investigation, lipid profile, fasting blood glucose, HbA1c and blood urea levels were assessed in patients starting rehabilitation program between 2012 and 2014. MtbS and DM were diagnosed using International Diabetes Federation (IDF) criteria.  RESULTS: We included 73 patients (66±9 years, 66% men, 84% GOLD III/IV) in analysis. History of DM was known in 11% while additional 14% met IDF diagnostic criteria. MetS was present in 59% of patients.  Figure 1. Prevalence of additional IDF MtbS diagnosis criteria factors. ( N = 43, AH – Arterial hypertension, DM/GLU – Diabetes mellitus or blood glucose level, TG – triglycerides)  BMI ≥30 kg/m 2 , total cholesterol ≥5.2mmol/l, LDL cholesterol ≥2.6 mmol/l, HDL ≤ 1 mmol/l and triglyceride ≥1.7 mmol/l was found in 19%, 55%, 66%, 7% and 19%, respectively.  CONCLUSIONS: MetS, DM and hypercholesterolemia are common manifestations in patients with COPD undergoing pulmonary rehabilitation program. Metabolic profile screening doubled the prevalence of DM.
Antibiotic therapy affects functional behaviour in cystic fibrosis blood mononuclear cells
Authors: Lorenzo Guerra, Maria Favia, Stefano Castellani, Giovanna Barbuti, Pasqualina Montemurro, Anna Diana, Teresa Santostasi, Angela M. Polizzi, Maria A. Mariggiò, Stephan J. Reshkin, Antonio Manca, Valeria Casavola, Massimo Conese
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2015)

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is the most common life-shortening genetic disorder in the Caucasian population and is due to mutations at the CF transmembrane conductance regulator ( CFTR ) gene leading to dysfunction of the protein, which normally acts as a chloride channel. This basic defect is associated with a progressive and lethal lung disease [1]. Opportunistic respiratory infections are common in CF patients' lungs, making antibiotics an important part of the regular care. Antibiotic therapy indirectly restores adequate levels of functional F508delCFTR in CF lymphomonocytes <http://ow.ly/Ncydg>
STUDIES ON PNEUMONIA IN CHILDREN
Authors: James D. Trask, Charles O'Donovan, Dorothea M. Moore, Agnes R. Beebe
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1930)

Since the development (1, 2) of the biological classification of pneumococci bacteriological methods have been applied by many investigators (3-16) to the study of the incidence, mortality and course of lobar pneumonia.In uncomplicated cases certain phenomena have been found to be associated with recovery, shown in the following tabulation.j PRowy 1. Blood cultures........... Negative, or becoming so 2. Specific soluble substances in serum and urine.....
Prediction and prevention of allergic rhinitis: A birth cohort study of 20 years
Authors: Linus B. Grabenhenrich, Thomas Keil, Andreas Reich, Hannah Gough, John Beschorner, Ute Hoffmann, Carl-Peter Bauer, Johannes Forster, Antje Schuster, Dirk Schramm, Oliver Nitsche, Fred Zepp, Young-Ae Lee, Renate Bergmann, Karl Bergmann, Ulrich Wahn, Susanne Lau
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2015)
High-dose-rate endobronchial brachytherapy (HD-BQT) in radical or palliative therapy for lung cancer
Authors: Cayo Garcia Polo, Mercedes Sanchez Bommatty, Mercedes Merino Sanchez, Aurelio Arnedillo Muñoz, Antonio Hidalgo Muñoz
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

HD-BQT is an endoscopic technique indicated for curative or palliative airways neoplasms therapy. Our objective was to evaluate our experience and results with this therapy in our Hospital  Methods: Descriptive study of HD-BQT procedures performed in our Hospital between 2008 to 2013. Data recorded include age, sex, symptoms, tumoral stage and histology, location and degree of stenosis, number of sessions, cumulated dose, concurrent therapies, related complications, symptoms or stenosis degree relief and survival after procedure  Results: 17 treatments applied to 15 patients with median 62.7 years old (two women). In eight cases the initial symptoms were dyspnea (3), hemoptysis (3) and cough (2). In 15 cases the patients had lung cancer and 2 esophageal cancer. The initial stage was TiS (n=5), IIA (n=1), IIIA (n=3), IIIB (n=3), IV (n=3) and T4N0M0 (esophageal, n=2). The tumor location was RMB (n=8), LMB (n=4), trachea (n=4), LUL (n=2), LRL (n=2) and RUL (n=1). Palliative indication in 10 cases and radical in 7. 69 sessions performed, with 5 Gy dose to 1 cm distance applied in each one. Chemotherapy (n=7), EBR (n=5), cryotherapy (n=1) and argon-plasma coagulation (n=1) were associated. The only relevant complication was pneumothorax in one case (required chest drainage). The symptoms relief was achieved in all the cases, with cough or dyspnea improvement and hemoptysis cessation. The five patients with radical treatments applied are alive and with no evidence or relapse after 58, 54, 50, 38, 22, 21 and 10 months follow-up.  Conclusions: In our experience, HD-BQT with radical or palliative purpose achieves good results in terms of symptoms relief, no relapse, tolerance and complications.