tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Tumor size and prognosis in aggressively treated osteosarcoma.
Authors: P Bieling, N Rehan, P Winkler, K Helmke, R Maas, N Fuchs, S Bielack, U Heise, H Jurgens, J Treuner, R Romanowski, U Exner, R Kotz, K Winkler
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1996)

PURPOSE The aim of this retrospective analysis was to investigate the prognostic significance and optimal measures of tumor size in osteosarcoma treated with intensive neoadjuvant chemotherapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS Initial anterior-posterior (AP) and lateral x-ray films of 128 patients treated within the trials Cooperative Osteosarcoma Study (COSS)-80, -82, and -86, were evaluated for the following three tumor diameters: length, width, and depth. Metastasis-free survival (MFS) analyses were performed in univariate and multivariate models with one, two, and three dimensions of the tumor as absolute or relative measures (tumor length, referred to bone length, plane and volume to body-surface area). RESULTS Univariate analyses of MFS showed a high prognostic significance of all absolute measures. Relative measures, at best, showed a comparable predictive value. Cox regression analysis indicated the high prognostic significance of absolute tumor volume (ATV; P &lt; .0001) and histologic response (P &lt; .0001). None of 19 patients with an ATV &lt; or = 70 cm3 and only four of 53 with an ATV &lt; or = 150 cm3 relapsed, while in patients with an ATV more than 150 cm3, the relapse rate remained 40% to 60%, irrespective of further increase in volume. CONCLUSION Initial tumor size is an important and easily obtainable prognostic factor in osteosarcoma and may serve as a basis for risk-adapted therapy. It is best represented by the absolute three-dimensional measure ATV. There is a cut-off point regarding the incidence of metastases at a tumor volume of approximately 150 cm3 as calculated from two-plane x-ray films.
Renal tolerance of cisplatin in patients more than 80 years old.
Authors: A Thyss, L Saudes, J Otto, A Creisson, M H Gaspard, O Dassonville, M Schneider
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1994)

PURPOSE Assessment of cisplatin (CDDP) tolerance in patients more than 80 years old in good general condition who may benefit from CDDP-based treatment. PATIENTS AND METHODS Data on 35 patients older than 80 years who received one to six chemotherapy cycles (median, three cycles; total number of cycles, 98) including CDDP (60 to 100 mg/m2) were analyzed retrospectively. Before treatment, all patients had normal renal function as defined by serum creatinine (SC) levels below 132 mumol/L. Renal function was evaluated by measurement of SC and creatinine clearance (CC) before and after each course of chemotherapy. CC was calculated according to the Cockroft and Gault formula, where CC = (140 - age) x weight kg/0.814 x SC mumol/L. Renal toxicity was evaluated by the difference between prechemotherapy SC and the maximum SC level observed (delta SC) and by the difference between prechemotherapy CC and the minimal CC observed after treatment with CDDP (delta CC). The evolution of SC and CC during repeated courses of CDDP was analyzed, as were any extrarenal toxicities. RESULTS Renal function remained stable in 19 patients (54%) with delta SC less than 18 mumol/L and 18 of 35 patients (51%) with delta CC less than 9 mL/min. A slight deterioration in renal function was observed in 13 patients (37%) with delta SC greater than 18 mumol/L and less than 60 mumol/L, and with a delta CC greater than 11 mL/min and less than 21 mL/min. In three patients (9%), delta SC was greater than 60 mumol/L (71, 73, 115 mumol/L) and delta CC was greater than 21 mL/min (25, 26, 36 mL/min). There were no cases of severe renal insufficiency, clinical ototoxicity, or neurotoxicity &gt; or = grade 2. Treatment was terminated after one or two courses in three patients because of grade 2 or 3 hematologic toxicity and in two patients for grade 3 nausea or vomiting. CONCLUSION CDDP at moderate doses can reasonably be administered to patients older than 80 years who may benefit from antineoplastic chemotherapy.
The value of lung function monitoring by means of a home monitor in patients with cystic fibrosis
Authors: Charlotte Robroeks, Quirijn Jöbsis, Han Hendriks, Edward Dompeling
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Background: Morbidity and mortality in cystic fibrosis (CF) are mainly caused by pulmonary complications. Early recognition of an exacerbation enables early intervention in CF management. We hypothesized that lung function indices drop significantly before an exacerbation is clinically evident, and, that CF exacerbations can be predicted when lung function is assessed by means of a home monitor.

Aims: To study the course of lung function indices before a CF exacerbation, and, to study the potential value of home monitors to predict pulmonary CF exacerbations.

Methods: During this one year longitudinal study, 26 CF patients (aged 6-48yrs) used a home monitor (AM1, Carefusion®, Germany) in order to perform dynamic spirometry three times weekly. In addition, patients visited the outpatient clinic every two months and during an exacerbation 4 extra visits were planned.

Results: 17 Of the 26 included patients experienced an exacerbation. 10 Days to 4 days before the exacerbation, FEV1 of the personal maximum during the study (mean±standard error) drops from 84±4% to 65±3% (Friedman, p<0.001).

![Figure][1] 



Conclusions: This study showed that lung function already deteriorates 10 to 4 days before a pulmonary CF exacerbation is clinically evident. Therefore, assessments of spirometry by means of a home monitor may predict CF exacerbations. This may be of help for the early treatment and prevention of exacerbations in CF patients.

 [1]: pending:yes
Short-term effects of using pedometers to increase daily physical activity in smokers
Authors: Demetria Kovelis, Juliana Zabatiero, Karina Furlanetto, Leandro Mantoani, Mahara Proença, Fabio Pitta
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Background:  In adults, it is recommended that the minimum of 10000 steps/day should be performed in order to consider an individual as physically active. The pedometer, a small device which counts steps, has been used to monitor and/or motivate physical activity in various populations.   Objectives:  To study the short-term effects of a protocol involving the use of pedometers or an informative booklet in order to increase daily physical activity in apparently healthy smokers who reach or do not reach the minimum recommendation of 10000 steps/day.   Methods:  The smokers were randomly divided in two groups: group pedometer (GP; n=23), which wore a pedometer every day during 1 month aiming to achieve 10000 steps/day; and group booklet (GB; n=17), which received a booklet with encouragement to walk as much as possible in everyday life. Each group was subdivided according to their baseline daily physical activity level: physically active (subjects who achieved 10000 steps/day) and physically inactive (those who did not achieve this minimum).   Results:  Only the physically inactive GP increased significantly its daily physical activity (pre  versus  post; 7437±1678  vs  10290±1310 steps/day; p vs  566 [525-604]m; p=0.03). In the GP, D post-pre steps/day correlated significantly with baseline number of steps/day (r=-0.63; p=0.01), but not with 6MWD, Fagerstrom Tolerance Questionnaire for nicotine dependence and smoking habits.   Conclusions:  Physically inactive smokers increase their daily physical activity level by using a simple tool (pedometer), and the improvement is negatively related to the baseline activity level.
Inhibition of the Autoxidation of Aldehydes by Carcinogenic Chemicals and Related Compounds
Authors: W. L. Wasley, H. P. Rusch
Journal: Cancer Research (1942)

Information pertinent to the mechanism of carcino- genesis by the hydrocarbons might be elicited if some relationship between biological response and chemical activity could be demonstrated; and therefore any chemical reaction of the hydrocarbons is of interest, regardless of whether any definite biological relation- ship can be shown. One action of the carcinogens which may be of some biological significance is the in- hibition of the oxidation of phospholipids (6, ,o). Other observations regarding possible biochemical re- actions of the hydrocarbons have been made by Fieser (7) and by Boyland (4)- Examination of certain other chemical reactions involving compounds related to the carcinogens might also prove to be of interest. One well-known reaction which easily lends itself to such study is the inhibition of the autoxidation of benzaldehyde by anthracene (I, 2, 5, 9) and other chemicals (3, 8, i3, i4, i5). The inhibiting effect of anthracene is a temporary one, involving the induced oxidation of anthracene to anthraquinone (2). Fol- lowing this, the benzaldehyde autoxidizes at the usual rate. Because of the chemical relationship of anthra- cene to the carcinogenic hydrocarbons, it was thought desirable to test the effect of certain carcinogens on this oxidation. Furthermore, the effect of these sub- stances on heptaldehyde was also determined, since it has been shown that this substance has some in- fluence on the growth of certain tumors (i
Pulmonary fibrosis and sea-blue histiocyte infiltration in a patient with primary myelofibrosis
Authors: K Yamauchi, K Shimamura
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1995)

The authors present the case of a 73 year old man with primary myelofibrosis, pulmonary fibrosis, and acquired sea-blue histiocytosis, who died of respiratory failure. Pathology of the lungs revealed infiltration by sea-blue histiocytes, and fibrosis in the alveolar septa, and clumps of these cells filling the alveolar spaces. Megakaryocytes were also occasionally observed in the alveolar capillaries.
Effect of noninvasive ventilation on functional exercise capacity, lung funtion and compartmental chest Wall volume in children With cystic fibrosis
Authors: Cibelle Lima, Armele Dornelas de Andrade, Catarina Rattes, Shirley Campos, Daniella Brandao, Andrea Aliverti, Murilo Brito
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

BACKGROUND: Dyspnea and exercise intolerance are the symptoms that affect the quality of life of children and adolescents with respiratory disorders resulting from Cystic Fibrosis (CF). OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of noninvasive ventilation (NIV) on functional exercise capacity, lung funtion and Compartmental chest wall volume in children and adolescents with cystic fibrosis. METHOD: Thirteen patients (aged 7-16 years) with CF and pulmonary impairment were enrolled in this is crossover clinical trial, randomized and controlled. They performed the six minutes walking test on the treadmill(6MWTT), with and without NIV, an interval of 12 to 24 hours between tests. Before and after each test, patients were assessed by spirometry, manovacuometry and measured chest wall volume variations by optoeletronic plethysmography. RESULTS: Walking distance in 6MWTT with NIV was significantly higher that without ventilatory support, (p  Supported by: CNPq, FACEPE and CAPES/PROCAD-NF.
Acute repercussions of noninvasive ventilation in patient with severe heart failure
Authors: Andrea da Nóbrega Cirino Nogueira, Francisco Delano Campos Macedo, Vasco Pinheiro Diógenes Bastos, Liégina Silveira Marinho, Nathalia Parente de Sousa, Soraya Maria do Nascimento Rebouças Viana, Luiz Henrique de Paula Melo, Raimunda Hermelinda Maia Macena, Maria do Socorro Quintino Farias, Jeruza Mara de Oliveira Lima, Roberto Martins Rodrigues Sobrinho, Marcelo Alcantara Holanda
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Objective: To analyze the acute effects of noninvasive ventilation (NIV) on cardiac function in patients with severe heart failure (HF). Method: The study intervention in 10 patients with HF functional class III and IV (NYHA), ejection fraction (EF) ≤ 40%. Shan CPAP was used and CPAP 10 cm H2O for 60 minutes with an interval of 20 minutes. We analyzed Simpson ejection fraction (EF SIMP), cardiac output (CO), pulmonary artery pressure (PAP), heart rate (HR) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) by echocardiography and oxygen saturation (SaO2) monitored every 30 minutes. Results:

![Figure][1] 



We observed a significant decrease in HR after CPAP 60' (71,13,17±13,17) compared to the initial rest (79,50±8,61, p=0,04) after using the PAM CPAP 30' (92,10±17,85) compared to the initial rest (97,50±18,04, p=0,01) and a significant increase in SaO2 after use CPAP 60' (97,70±0,67) compared to the initial rest (96,50±1,72, p= 0,04). And the variables FE SIMP, DC and PAP were not significantly different after administration of CPAP. Conclusion: CPAP significantly alter HR, MAP and SaO2. The NIV were no significant changes on the FE SIMP, DC and PAP.

 [1]: pending:yes
Solitary cellular schwannoma presenting with haemothorax
Authors: M H M Lee, A N J Graham, A G Nicholson, U Pastorino
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (1998)

proliferative and cytotoxic capacity in vitro against cultured lymphoma cells7. This immature or abnormally developed immune system may predispose to the development of malignant change, as has been found in diseases of postulated immunological aetiology such as thyroiditis. Another suggestion is that the immunological disturbances in coeliac disease may activate oncogenic viruses6. T cell lymphoma most often presents as tumour masses in the small bowel, and neurological presentation with lymphomatous meningitis has not previously been reported. The possibility of lymphoma should be considered in coeliac patients who deteriorate neurologically for no apparent reason.
Er, Pr &amp; Her2 Expression and Survival of Breast Cancer Patients with Brain Metastases (Brm) Treated with Whole Brain Radiotherapy (Wbrt) +/- Systemic Therapy - Single Centre Experience
Authors: M.M.M. Moe, S. Durrani, G. Bertelli, D. Pudney, M. Rolles, C. Askill, J. Wagstaff, V. Vigneswaran, K. Rowley, K. Parker, O. Hatcher, M. Phan, S. Gwynne, R. Banner, D. Thayabaran, A. Saiyed, R. Taylor
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2014)
The CCR4 antagonist CCX6239 for the treatment of allergic airways disease
Authors: Zhenhua Miao, Yu Wang, Leleti Manmohan, Jarek Kalisiak, Jay Powers, Matthew Walters, Dairaghi Daniel, Lisa Seitz, Tim Sullivan, Tom Schall
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

The association of CCR4+ lymphocytes with allergic airway disorders such as rhinitis and asthma has long been known and, as such, there has been considerable interest in developing small molecule antagonists against this target. However, despite the perceived utility, there has been a paucity of CCR4 antagonists advancing into clinical development. CCX6239 is a highly potent, selective and orally bioavailable small molecule antagonist of CCR4 in late stage preclinical development. CCX6239 inhibits both CCL17 and CCL22-induced chemotaxis of human blood lymphocytes with A2 values of 5 and 10 nM, respectively. Importantly, CCX6239 remains potent in the presence of 100% human serum, inhibiting both CCL17 and CCL22-induced chemotaxis of human blood lymphocytes with A2 values of 20 and 26 nM respectively. CCX6239 is highly selective for CCR4, showing no cross-reactivity with other chemokine receptors and no significant activity against the hERG potassium channel or CYP isozymes. CCX6239 also inhibits murine CCR4 in 100% serum with an A2 value of 60 nM. CCX6239 was tested in a murine model of OVA-induced allergic airway inflammation. Doses of CCX6329 that resulted in plasma levels of compound which exceeded the in vitro serum A10 value resulted in a significant reduction in the numbers of leukocytes recovered from the BAL and levels of Th2-associated cytokines. Pharmacokinetic profiles in preclinical species and resultant allometric scaling to humans indicate that a single oral daily dose of CCX6329 would provide serum-adjusted A10 coverage of the receptor in humans. In summary, CCX6239 is a highly potent and selective, orally bioavailable antagonist of CCR4 for potential use in allergic airway inflammation.
Carbon monoxide diffusing capacity is a poor predictor of clinically significant bleomycin lung. New Zealand Clinical Oncology Group.
Authors: M J McKeage, B D Evans, C Atkinson, D Perez, G V Forgeson, P J Dady
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1990)

In a retrospective analysis, serial lung function tests from 81 patients receiving bleomycin were studied to determine the accuracy of carbon monoxide diffusing capacity (DLCO) as a predictor of clinically significant bleomycin lung. Six of 81 patients developed clinically significant bleomycin lung, and the DLCO predicted its development in only one patient (sensitivity, one of six patients; 16.7%). Respiratory symptoms and chest x-ray abnormalities were the earliest manifestations in the other five patients. Seventy-five of 81 patients did not develop clinically significant bleomycin lung, and 12 of these had major falls (greater than or equal to 35% pretreatment level) in DLCO (specificity, 63 of 75 patients; 84.0%). In eight patients, bleomycin was continued after a major fall in DLCO, and none developed clinically significant lung toxicity. In this study, the DLCO failed to predict the development of serious bleomycin lung toxicity in all but one case. Furthermore, in some patients, it would appear that bleomycin may be stopped inappropriately after low DLCO measurements. It is important to monitor for respiratory symptoms and chest x-ray abnormalities during bleomycin treatment as these will be the earliest signs of lung toxicity in most cases.
CT-guided transthoracic biopsies of lung lesions: Diagnostic accuracy and safety of a novel frontal core biopsy device
Authors: Sebahat Ocak, Fabrice Duplaquet, Birgit Weynand, Delos Monique, Jamart Jacques, Philippe Eucher, Luc Delaunois, Yves Sibille, Caroline Dahlqvist
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Introduction. The purpose of this study was to compare the diagnostic accuracy and safety of CT-guided transthoracic core-needle biopsies (CNB) of lung lesions using a novel frontal core biopsy device (Spirotome), and fine-needle aspiration biopsies (FNAB) using a screw needle (Rotex).  Methods. FNAB was consecutively performed under CT guidance in 70 and CNB in 68 patients. The needle size was 22 gauge for FNAB and 14 gauge for CNB. Medical charts were retrospectively reviewed to statistically evaluate results and complications.  Results. The diagnostic rate was higher with CNB than FNAB (93% vs 81%; P=0.05) and with lesions ≥1.5 cm (P  Conclusions. In the evaluation of lung lesions, CT-guided transthoracic CNB with a novel core biopsy device (Spirotome) has a better diagnostic accuracy than FNAB, while the rate of chest tube insertion for pneumothorax is similar. This new CNB device should further be compared to other CNB needles.
Abstract 225: Chronic Alcohol Consumption Alters the Epigenetic Fingerprint of Cardiac Cell Types
Authors: Alexander R Mackie, Erin E Vaughan, Mohsin Khan, Suresh K Verma, Srikanth Garikipati, Prasanna Krisnamurthy, Veronica Ramirez, Tatiana Abramova, Kenneth Ellingson, Sol Misener, Aiko Ito, Raj Kishore
Journal: Circulation Research (2014)

The cardiac influence of chronic ethanol (EtOH) consumption in humans is dictated by the frequency of ethanol ingestion. Whereas moderate consumption (i.e. 1-2 alcoholic drinks/day) imparts a cardiac benefit to patients by reducing adverse cardiovascular event (ACE) occurrences, consumption below or beyond these moderate levels significantly increases the incidence of ACEs. Despite these observations, little is known regarding the functional impact of chronic EtOH consumption on post-myocardial infarct repair or the cellular mechanisms involved in this process. Thus, we investigated the post-AMI functional consequences of chronic ethanol consumption in mice. Mice received chronic ethanol via the Lieber-DeCarli paradigm (i.e. 0%, 1% (moderate) or 5% (high) ethanol v/v) in an isocaloric fashion for 8 weeks. After 8 weeks, mice underwent a 60-minute ischemic/reperfusion injury and the subsequent assessment of their cardiac function for 4 weeks post-AMI. As early as two weeks post-AMI, mice fed the 1% EtOH displayed modest yet significant improvements in ejection fraction and systolic ventricular volumes as compared to control mice. Conversely, the 5% EtOH diet group displayed diminished ejection fraction and increases in both systolic chamber volume and infarct size. To explore the cellular basis of these observed functional changes, primary cardiac cell types (fibroblasts and endothelial cells) treated chronically (5 days) with ethanol in vitro (i.e. 0%, 0.1% (moderate) or 0.5% (high) ethanol v/v) displayed robust changes in their epigenetic histone-modification profiles indicating a high likelihood for changes in cell specific gene expression. In addition, conditioned media from ethanol treated primary cardiac fibroblasts (PCFBs) altered the tube forming capacity of endothelial cells in a matrigel tube-formation assay in a dose pattern akin to what was observed in vivo. This data suggests that chronic ethanol directly invokes epigenetic changes in PCFBs that can modify their contribution to cardiac repair processes following AMI. Lastly, we are actively investigating whether ethanol-induced changes to endothelial cell epigenetic patterns alter the cells responses in the face of an ischemic insult.
Immunomodulatory effects of the rye grass pollen group 5 allergen on respiratory epithelial cells
Authors: Cecilia Tong, Joanne Castelli, Pearl Tan, Alice Vrielink, Martha Ludwig, Geoffrey Stewart
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Introduction:  Several important aeroallergens are known to modulate respiratory epithelial function (RE), suggesting an immunological role. Rye grass is a significant contributor to pollen allergy including the ribonuclease Group 5 allergen but the effects of its biochemical activity on RE is unknown.   M  ethods:  Recombinant rye grass pollen allergen rLol p 5 and its N- and C-terminal domains were cloned, sequenced and expressed in  E. coli.  Physicochemical and modeling studies were conducted using Phyre 2 , SDS-PAGE and HPLC. Antigenicity and ribonuclease activity were determined using immunoblot and enzyme assays, respectively. RE modulation was evaluated using the A549 cell line and IL-8 ELISA.   Results:  The protein sequence of the cloned Lol p 5 gene was similar to the previously reported Lol p 5a-c, with greatest homology to 5a. Modelling studies showed rLol p 5 was structurally similar to the previously reported Group 5 structure. HPLC showed the mature protein comprised two peaks with mol. wts of 13K (26%) and 86K (74%), as did the N- and C-terminal domains. In contrast, SDS-PAGE revealed proteins of the expected sizes. Western blot assay showed that each expressed protein was immunoreactive and enzymatically active, and all caused A549 cells to release IL-8 in a dose-dependent manner, and unrelated to LPS contamination (   Conclusions:  The mature protein and both domains demonstrated ribonuclease activity, appeared to exist as oligomers and caused IL-8 release. The mechanism involved in chemokine release remains to be established.