tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
About impaired minds and closed hearts
Authors: D. Taggart
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Papers p 1268 

Coronary artery bypass grafting is highly effective in improving the quality of life for patients with ischaemic heart disease and the life expectancy for certain anatomical patterns of ischaemic heart disease. Consequently, coronary artery bypass grafting is currently perhaps one of the most commonly performed major operations in the industrialised world; more than a million procedures are performed worldwide every year. Unfortunately subtle impairment of cognitive function is common after surgery and may be related to cardiopulmonary bypass at the time of surgery.

Over the past decade advances in anaesthesia, surgery, and perioperative management of patients resulted in mortality of coronary artery bypass grafting remaining at 2-3% despite a marked increase in the risk profile of such procedures. Brain injury is now the most feared complication of coronary artery bypass grafting and occurs in two forms.1 Although clinically overt cerebral injury is infrequent (around 3% of patients have a stroke) subtle impairment of higher cognitive function is common. Detailed cognitive assessment, using a battery of tests, shows some impairment in as many as 80% of patients at the time they are discharged from hospital, which persists in around a quarter of them at six months. 1 2 Recently neurocognitive impairment early after surgery has been shown to correlate with both late decline and impaired measures of quality of life. 3 4 …
MEDICAL CASES IN THE COURTS.
Authors: HENRY A. RILEY
Journal: JAMA (1891)

THE DANGERS OF FOREIGN IMMIGRATION. The steamship companies are making a hard fight to avoid the penalties imposed for violations of the recent law passed by Congress against undesirable immigration. The United States officials have refused to allow a considerable number of pauper and vicious immigrants to land, and the agents of the steamship companies claim that it is a hardship to be obliged to care for them until they can be sent back. The conclusive answer of the Government is that the law is clear on the subject, and the companies should not have brought the unhealthy, insane, vicious and pauper immigrants whom it is desired to shut out. If they are brought, any expense connected with their return must be paid by the steamship companies. The figures of immigration are somewhat startling, and the arrivals from countries where the immigrants are of the most undesirable classes show the
Hypoxia and CCI4-induced liver injury, but not acidosis, impair metabolism of cysteinyl leukotrienes in perfused rat liver
Authors: Matthias Wettstein, Wolfgang Gerok, Dieter Häussinger
Journal: Hepatology (1990)

Uptake, metabolism and biliary elimination of infused cysteinyl leukotrienes were investigated in single–pass perfused rat liver. Hypoxia did not impair uptake of infused [ 3 H] leukotriene C 4 , but inhibited biliary excretion of radioactivity by about 50% compared with normoxic control experiments. In addition, the leukotriene metabolite pattern in bile was profoundly altered and was characterized in hypoxia by a 75% to 80% decrease of both leukotriene C 4 and polar metabolites, representing ω–oxidation products, whereas the appearance of leukotriene D 4 in bile was not affected. Reoxygenation was followed by a marked increase of biliary excretion of polar metabolites, indicating that leukotrienes taken up and stored in the liver cells during the hypoxic period now underwent ω–oxidation with subsequent slimination of the ω–oxidized products. Hypoxia also inhibited the biliary excretion of radioactivity after [ 3 H] leukotriene E 4 addition because of an almost complete absence of ω–oxidation products in bile, whereas N–acetylleukotriene E 4 excretion was not affected. Induction of liver injury by carbon tetrachloride treatment decreased single–pass uptake of [ 3 H] leukotriene C 4 by 30%, and only 36% of the radioactivity taken up by the liver was eliminated into bile within 1 hr, compared with 78% in normal livers. The pattern of biliary leukotriene metabolites, however, was not significantly different. Lowering the pH in the perfusion medium from 7.4 to 7.1 had no effect on uptake, metabolism or biliary elimination of infused [ 3 H] leukotriene C 4 . The data show that hypoxia and experimental liver injury, but not acidosis, impair hepatic processing of cysteinyl leukotriences. Thus, in leukotriene–induced shock syndromes, leukotriene elimination and inactivation may be imnpaired giving rise to a “vicious circle.”(HEPATOLOGY 1990; 11:866–873.)
Chronic graft-versus-host disease following umbilical cord blood transplantation: retrospective survey involving 1072 patients in Japan
Authors: Hiroto Narimatsu, Shigesaburo Miyakoshi, Takuhiro Yamaguchi, Masahiro Kami, Tomoko Matsumura, Koichiro Yuji, Naoko Murashige, Eiji Kusumi, Yuko Kodama, Tsunehiko Komatsu, Hisashi Sakamaki, Yasushi Kouzai, Masaya Okada, Yuko Osugi, Ryoji Kobayashi, Masami Inoue, Satoshi Takahashi, Shunro Kai, Koji Kato, Tokiko Inoue-Nagamura, Shuichi Taniguchi, Shunichi Kato
Journal: Blood (2008)
US and UK scientists disagree about causes of Gulf war syndrome
Authors: Owen Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2004)

British and American government scientists have produced reports on the causes of so called Gulf war syndrome that are almost diametrically opposed in their conclusions.

The US government's principal scientific committee on Gulf war syndrome looks set to announce that it acknowledges a potential link between veterans' neurological symptoms and their exposure to low doses of nerve gas, pesticides, and the drugs that soldiers took to counter nerve agents.

A report by the Research Advisory Committee on Gulf War Veterans' Illnesses, set up by the Department of Veterans' Affairs, finds that that many veterans' symptoms have a neurological cause and that …
Is cardiovascular evaluation necessary prior to and during beta-blocker therapy for infantile hemangiomas?
Authors: Martine F. Raphael, Corstiaan C. Breugem, Florine A.E. Vlasveld, Marlies de Graaf, Martijn G. Slieker, Suzanne G.M.A. Pasmans, Johannes M.P.J. Breur
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2015)
The future of life expectancy and life expectancy inequalities in England and Wales: Bayesian spatiotemporal forecasting
Authors: James E Bennett, Guangquan Li, Kyle Foreman, Nicky Best, Vasilis Kontis, Clare Pearson, Peter Hambly, Majid Ezzati
Journal: The Lancet (2015)

To plan for pensions and health and social services, future mortality and life expectancy need to be forecast. Consistent forecasts for all subnational units within a country are very rare. Our aim was to forecast mortality and life expectancy for England and Wales' districts.We developed Bayesian spatiotemporal models for forecasting of age-specific mortality and life expectancy at a local, small-area level. The models included components that accounted for mortality in relation to age, birth cohort, time, and space. We used geocoded mortality and population data between 1981 and 2012 from the Office for National Statistics together with the model with the smallest error to forecast age-specific death rates and life expectancy to 2030 for 375 of England and Wales' 376 districts. We measured model performance by withholding recent data and comparing forecasts with this withheld data.Life expectancy at birth in England and Wales was 79·5 years (95% credible interval 79·5-79·6) for men and 83·3 years (83·3-83·4) for women in 2012. District life expectancies ranged between 75·2 years (74·9-75·6) and 83·4 years (82·1-84·8) for men and between 80·2 years (79·8-80·5) and 87·3 years (86·0-88·8) for women. Between 1981 and 2012, life expectancy increased by 8·2 years for men and 6·0 years for women, closing the female-male gap from 6·0 to 3·8 years. National life expectancy in 2030 is expected to reach 85·7 (84·2-87·4) years for men and 87·6 (86·7-88·9) years for women, further reducing the female advantage to 1·9 years. Life expectancy will reach or surpass 81·4 years for men and reach or surpass 84·5 years for women in every district by 2030. Longevity inequality across districts, measured as the difference between the 1st and 99th percentiles of district life expectancies, has risen since 1981, and is forecast to rise steadily to 8·3 years (6·8-9·7) for men and 8·3 years (7·1-9·4) for women by 2030.Present forecasts underestimate the expected rise in life expectancy, especially for men, and hence the need to provide improved health and social services and pensions for elderly people in England and Wales. Health and social policies are needed to curb widening life expectancy inequalities, help deprived districts catch up in longevity gains, and avoid a so-called grand divergence in health and longevity.UK Medical Research Council and Public Health England.
Association of Bleeding and In-Hospital Mortality in Black and White Patients With ST-Segment–Elevation Myocardial Infarction Receiving Reperfusion
Authors: Rajendra H. Mehta, Lori Parsons, Sunil V. Rao, Eric D. Peterson
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Prior studies have suggested that blacks with acute ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction have increased bleeding risks with fibrinolysis relative to whites, yet these data were quite limited. Additionally, it is unknown whether there are racial differences in bleeding risks among patients with ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction receiving primary percutaneous coronary intervention.We evaluated data on blacks and whites with ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction treated with either fibrinolysis or primary percutaneous coronary intervention from the National Registry of Myocardial Infarction (NRMI)-4 and 5 participating centers between July 2000 and December 2006. We compared differences between the 2 groups in rates of in-hospital major bleeding and mortality, adjusted with logistic regression analyses. In fibrinolytic-treated patients with ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction, the bleeding rates were higher among blacks (n=2283) than whites (n=42 243; 10.9% versus 10.3%; adjusted odds ratio, 1.21; 95% confidence interval, 1.02-1.43). Similarly, in patients receiving primary percutaneous coronary intervention, the bleeding rates were higher in blacks (n=2826) than in whites (n=46 332; 10.3% versus 7.8%; adjusted odds ratio, 1.33; 95% confidence interval, 1.13-1.56). Bleeding was associated with higher risk of death in both ethnic groups. However, there was no overall racial difference in in-hospital mortality among those with bleeding or without bleeding treated with either fibrinolysis or primary percutaneous coronary intervention.Blacks with ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction treated with either fibrinolysis or primary percutaneous coronary intervention had a higher risk of bleeding events than their white counterparts. Bleeding was associated with a similar increased risk of death in both ethnic groups treated by either reperfusion strategy.
Improving the Comparability of Diabetes Mortality Statistics in the U.S. and Mexico
Authors: Christopher J.L. Murray, Rodrigo H. Dias, Sandeep C. Kulkarni, Rafael Lozano, Gretchen A. Stevens, Majid Ezzati
Journal: Diabetes Care (2008)

OBJECTIVE—The aim of this study was to increase the cross-state comparability of diabetes mortality statistics related in the U.S. and Mexico. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—We used multinomial logistic regression to estimate the effects of individual and community factors on a death for which diabetes was recorded as one of the multiple contributing causes of death (MCD) being assigned to diabetes as the underlying cause of death (UCD) versus assignment to cardiovascular, other noncommunicable, or communicable diseases. We used the model to estimate state-level diabetes death rates that are standardized in the individual and community factors. RESULTS—Deaths with diabetes as one of the MCD were more likely to be assigned to cardiovascular causes as the UCD if they occurred in hospitals or if an autopsy was performed and if the decedents were from states with higher BMI and systolic blood pressure, were more educated, or had insurance. Adjusting for individual- and community-level factors substantially increased the cross-state correlation of diabetes as the UCD and diabetes as one of the MCD mortality rates. The adjustment also reduced the number of direct diabetes deaths by 10% in the U.S. and by 24% in Mexico. In the U.S., deaths with diabetes as the UCD declined most in Utah, New Mexico, New Jersey, and Louisiana and increased in California and Hawaii. In Mexico, the numbers of adjusted diabetes deaths were smaller than those observed in all states by 3–34%. An additional 126,300 deaths due to ischemic heart disease and stroke in the U.S. and 19,497 in Mexico were attributable to high blood glucose. CONCLUSIONS—There is a need to improve the comparability of diabetes cause-of-death assignment, especially in relation to cardiovascular diseases.
Production of the plasma-cell survival factor a proliferation-inducing ligand (APRIL) peaks in myeloid precursor cells from human bone marrow
Authors: Thomas Matthes, Isabelle Dunand-Sauthier, Marie-Laure Santiago-Raber, Karl-Heinz Krause, Olivier Donze, Jakob Passweg, Tomas McKee, Bertrand Huard
Journal: Blood (2011)
DIFFUSION AND SURVIVAL OF THE POLIOMYELITIC VIRUS
Authors: Simon Flexner, Harold L. Amoss
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1915)

The ordinary virus of poliomyelitis present in aseptically removed brain tissue of paralyzed monkeys survives in an ascitic fluid kidney medium at the temperature of 37 degrees C. for a period of at least twenty, but not of thirty days. Under the conditions of moderate anaerobiosis, the minute microorganism cultivated from poliomyelitic tissues tends not to develop in cultures from the brain tissue; hence its presence does not complicate the survival test. The diffusion of the ordinary poliomyelitic virus from a noncomminuted fragment of brain tissue into a surrounding medium of ascitic fluid is so slight as not to be detectable by inoculation experiments conducted with usual quantities of the fluid. The specific effects of the microörganism cultivated from poliomyelitic tissues are not caused by an admixture in the cultures of the ordinary virus of poliomyelitis; hence they must be caused by the pathogenic action of the microörganism itself. The minute microörganism is therefore to be regarded as the specific microbic cause of epidemic poliomyelitis.
Mechanisms of cholesterol ester accumulation in cultured monocytes
Authors: B. J. VERMEER, J. G. SCHROEFF, J. J EMHIS, M. PONEC, L. HAVEKES
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1984)

Journal Article Mechanisms of cholesterol ester accumulation in cultured monocytes Get access B. J. VERMEER, B. J. VERMEER Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J. G. VAN DER SCHROEFF, J. G. VAN DER SCHROEFF Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J. J EMHIS, J. J EMHIS Gaubius Institute TNO, Leiden, The Netherlands Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M. PONEC, M. PONEC Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar L. HAVEKES L. HAVEKES Gaubius Institute TNO, Leiden, The Netherlands Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 111, Issue s27, 1 July 1984, Pages 248–251, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1984.tb15616.x Published: 01 July 1984
Making It Easy to Do It Right
Authors: Brent C. James
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2001)

At the turn of the last century, William Osler, Harvey Cushing, and other clinical leaders restructured hospital organization, established scientific research as the foundation for clinical practice, formalized clinical education, and set and enforced high ethical and personal standards of performance among physicians and nurses. Their era marked a turning point in health care delivery. Prior to 1900, seeking a physician's help for a serious illness did little to change the course of the disease,1 but since that time life expectancy in the United States has almost doubled. A child born in the United States in 1998 can expect to . . .
Microalbuminuria as a predictor of myocardial infarction in a Mexican population: The Mexico City Diabetes Study
Authors: Aida Jimenez Corona, David Rivera Martinez, Mauricio Hernandez Avila, Steven Haffner, Ken Williams, M.A. Elena GonzaLez Villalpando, Jesus Simon, Michael Stern, Clicerio Gonzalez-Villalpando
Journal: Kidney International (2005)
Digital Capillary Blood Flow in Clubbing
Authors: STEFAN N. RACOCEANU
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1971)

The disappearance rate of krypton-85 (85Kr) was measured after it was injected into the fingertip pulp in 10 normal subjects and in 8 patients with acquired clubbing and 5 with hereditary clubbing. Each subject's digital vessels were brought to a stable dilation before the injection, by indirect heating for 1 hour. The disappearance rate was unequivocally more rapid in the patients with acquired clubbing and normal in the patients with hereditary clubbing. This may indicate that capillary blood flow is increased in acquired clubbing, and, since the increased capillary flow is nutritional, this factor may, at least in part, be responsible for the tissue hypertrophy and hyperplasia in acquired clubbing. The factors causing the more stable hereditary clubbing remain unknown.
The role of hepatitis B virus-specific memory CD8 T cells in the control of viral replication
Authors: Yuji Sobao, Hiroko Tomiyama, Kazuhiro Sugi, Michiyo Tokunaga, Takamasa Ueno, Satoru Saito, Shigetoshi Fujiyama, Manabu Morimoto, Katsuaki Tanaka, Masafumi Takiguchi
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2002)
Unanticipated prevalence of symptoms among dairy farmers in Michigan and Wisconsin.
Authors: H A Anderson, R Lilis, I J Selikoff, K D Rosenman, J A Valciukas, S Freedman
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1978)

Adverse human health effects resulting from exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PBBs) were unknown until the accidental contamination of Michigan dairy farm animal feed in 1973-1974. Human exposure resulted from the consumption of contaminated meat, milk, dairy products, and eggs. In November 1976, the Environmental Sciences Laboratory conducted comprehensive examinations of 933 farmers and residents in Mighigan who were likely to have consumed farm products contaminated with PBB. A comparison group of 229 Wisconsin dairy farmers were examined in March 1977 and the same scientific and medical staffs that conducted the Michigan survey were responsible and the same procedures used. A complete history of symptomatology by organ system, including year of first onset, duration, frequency, and severity of each symptom was obtained by a physician on all adults examined. Statistical analysis of the prevalence of symptoms at the time of examination or during the preceding year in the Michigan and Wisconsin populations studied found the Michigan group to have a significantly higher prevalence of skin, neurological and musculoskeletal symptoms. The increase was seen among the younger age groups 16-35 and 36-55. Michigan females had a higher prevalence of neurological symptoms than the Michigan males. The existing differences could not be explained without considering an etiologic role for exposure to PBB.
Electrophysiologic studies in patients with ventricular inversion and "corrected transposition".
Authors: P C Gillette, U Busch, C E Mullins, D G McNamara
Journal: Circulation (1979)

We evaluated the intracardiac conduction intervals using His bundle recordings in 40 patients with ventricular inversion and 1-transposition of the great arteries. Twenty-nine subjects had 1:1 atrioventricular (AV) conduction. In 15 of those with normal PR intervals and QRS durations, the conduction intervals were not different from those of subjects with normal hearts. In the 14 patients with first-degree AV block, the block was located between the sinus node and AV node in four, between the low right atrium and bundle of His in seven, and below the common bundle of His in four. In 11 subjects with complete AV block, the stie of block was above the site of the His potential in four, below in two and within the His bundle in one. In four patients we could not record a His potential and thus could not localize the site of block. Complete block below the His recording site was associated with syncope in one patient and sudden death in another. His bundle recording is a safe technique for studying the conduction system in children with ventricular inversion and 1-transposition of the great arteries.
PRACTICAL USE OF RADIOGRAPH AND FLUOROSCOPE IN DISEASES OF THE LUNGS.
Authors: T. MELLOR TYSON
Journal: JAMA (1900)

The subject on which I would like to say a few words has been quite thoroughly dealt with by Dr. F. H. Williams, of Boston, and my object is not to go into the methods as much as to report a number of cases which were admitted to the Rush Hospital for the Treatment of Consumption in Philadelphia, and of which radiographs of the thorax were taken before any physical examination was made. You will see that in every instance the shadow, which is the only thing at present demonstrable, and which in the early stage is not due to the transparency of the diseased lung, but to the greater or less amount of blood in the part affected in the period of expansion and contraction, was present in every instance, and on examination the physical signs were present to corroborate it. In looking through the fluoroscope, which is always
Relief worker killed as conflict in Darfur spreads to neighbours
Authors: Peter Moszynski
Journal: BMJ (2006)

The crisis in Darfur is escalating and risks dragging its neighbours into a similar violent situation, say senior relief officials who recently visited the area. 

Unicef's goodwill ambassador Mia Farrow told the BMJ that “a nightmare was unfolding” across the region. “It's impossible to mention Darfur without mentioning eastern Chad and the Central African Republic. Violence has reached well across the borders.” 

She said that 60 villages in eastern Chad had been destroyed since the start of November. 

She was shocked by what she found: “In the attack on the village of Tamadjour three young children were thrown into flaming huts and burned alive. In a …