tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
DNA Synthesis in Permeable Mouse Ascites Sarcoma Cells
Authors: Shuji Seki, Takuzo Oda
Journal: Cancer Research (1977)

Summary  DNA synthesis was studied in mouse ascites sarcoma cells using a permeable cell system. The sarcoma was induced by the Schmidt-Ruppin strain of Rous sarcoma virus. The cells were made permeable to nucleoside triphosphates by treatment with a hypotonic buffer containing 10 mm Tris-Cl, 4 mm MgCl 2 , 1 mm EDTA, and 6 mm 2-mercaptoethanol (pH 8.0). DNA-synthetic activity in the permeable cells was highly dependent on four deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates, adenosine triphosphates, Mg 2+ , and a proper ionic environment. The activity was stimulated about 50% by the addition of an appropriate concentration of cytidine triphosphate, guanosine triphosphate, and uridine triphosphate in an assay mixture containing adenosine triphosphate and four deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates. DNA synthesis was confined to the nucleus and was sensitive to  N -ethylmaleimide and DNase. The activity assayed by the permeable cell system correlated closely with the DNA-replicating activity assayed by [ 3 H]deoxythymidine incorporation in intact cells. The close correlation between DNA synthesis  in vitro  and  in vivo  was further confirmed in cultured sarcoma cells synchronized with DNA synthesis. Analysis of the DNA synthesized  in vitro  by alkaline cesium sulfate density gradient centrifugation showed that over half the DNA synthesized in permeable cells was due to elongation of strands initiated  in vivo . The permeable cell system appears to be a useful method for examining DNA replication of cells in suspensions.
Yo Ho Ho and a bottle of rum
Authors: P McCrory
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2006)

To paraphrase Billy Connolly, there is something that definitely sounds windswept and interesting about the dream of sailing the seven seas. Certainly Mrs Connolly seems to have thoroughly embraced the idea, if her recent biography is anything to go by. But have you ever thought of just what are the seven seas? I was reminded of this recently when my 9 year old daughter asked me this question after watching the Pirates of the Caribbean and having named the oceans (that I knew) she quickly pointed out that it didn’t tally up to seven. This glaring lack of knowledge …
Analysis of prognostic factors for the outcome of marrow transplantation or further chemotherapy for patients with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia in first remission.
Authors: M S Tallman, K J Kopecky, D Amos, S Dahlberg, J S Hewlett, J C Files, C A Coltman, E D Thomas, F R Appelbaum
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1989)

To test whether variables at diagnosis can identify patients with acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia (ANL) for whom bone marrow transplantation (BMT) is more likely to be of benefit and those for whom continued chemotherapy is a better approach, the association of 15 clinical and laboratory factors with outcome was investigated among 220 patients (ages 1 to 53 years) treated with cyclophosphamide and total body irradiation (TBI) followed by allogeneic BMT, and among 392 patients (ages 13 to 50) administered intensive chemotherapy. In the BMT group, female sex, younger age, the absence of hepatitis during induction, a larger percentage of circulating blasts, and a shorter duration of symptoms were associated with longer survival, whereas only female sex and younger age favorably influenced disease-free survival (DFS). In the chemotherapy group, younger age, lower WBC at diagnosis, a single successful induction course, and the absence of circulating promyelocytes were associated with longer survival, whereas only a lower WBC and a lower percentage of peripheral neutrophils were associated with longer DFS. Estimated regression coefficients for treatment-by-prognostic-factor interactions were used to characterize subgroups of patients in which one treatment or the other produced better outcomes. BMT and chemotherapy produced similar durations of survival in a subset of patients characterized by many or all of the following: older age, male sex, achievement of complete remission (CR) after one induction, and absence of circulating blast cells at presentation. These data suggest that, using pretreatment variables, subgroups of patients can be identified for whom either BMT or continued chemotherapy is most likely to be beneficial.
Can we diagnose COPD by just asking 8 questions
Authors: Shreehas Bardapurkar, Suhas Bardapurkar, Gauri Gadge
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

COPD is under-diagnosed and under-treated as awareness about COPD in patients as well as doctors is poor in developing countries. The main diagnostic tool for COPD, spirometry is not very popular in developing countries, reasons are many.  AIM: Validation of IPAG (International Primary Care Airways Guidelines) questionnaire in diagnosed COPD patients in our region.  METHODS: 451 patients diagnosed of COPD on the basis of spirometry as per GOLD (Global Initiative for Obstructive Lung Diseases) included in study. Patients completed the IPAG questionnaire. The questionnaire results were compared with spirometry data.  Results: Using a cut off score of 17 points for IPAG questionnaire, we found out that 92.24% patients had score more than 17 points (positive correlation) and only 7.76% were below 18 points.  Conclusion: The IPAG questionnaire is very useful in limited resource settings where spirometry is not routinely performed. The knowledge of this questionnaire can at least guide primary care practitioners for referral for spirometry, as spirometry is must for diagnosis of COPD.
Bronchoconstriction due to exercise combined with cold air inhalation does not generally influence bronchial responsiveness to inhaled histamine in asthmatic subjects
Authors: P Tessier, A Cartier, H Ghezzo, RR Martin, JL Malo
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1988)

We investigated immediate and late changes in airway responsiveness to histamine, after bronchoconstriction due to exercise combined with inhalation of cold air, in ten asthmatic subjects who came on six days. On the first visit, the provocation concentration producing 20% fall in FEV1 (PC20) histamine was obtained. After functional recovery, each subject walked on a treadmill whilst breathing dry, cold air. This resulted in an immediate fall greater than 15% (mean +/- SD = 31.9 +/- 11.0%) in forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1). Following recovery, PC20 was measured again. FEV1 was then monitored for up to 6-8 h. PC20 was measured then and on the two following days at the same time of the day. Subjects were studied on three control days using the same design except that a resting period replaced the exercise with cold air. The mean changes in PC20 at each interval after exercise combined with cold air were not statistically significant. Physiologically significant changes were obtained in only two subjects, reaching a maximum 8 h after the manoeuvre. In these subjects, changes in PC20 were reproducible during a second series of visits. It is concluded that bronchial responsiveness to histamine is not generally influenced by the bronchoconstriction due to exercise combined with cold air.
Coherent Raman Scattering Microscopy in Biology and Medicine
Authors: Chi Zhang, Delong Zhang, Ji-Xin Cheng
Journal: Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering (2015)

Advancements in coherent Raman scattering (CRS) microscopy have enabled label-free visualization and analysis of functional, endogenous biomolecules in living systems. When compared with spontaneous Raman microscopy, a key advantage of CRS microscopy is the dramatic improvement in imaging speed, which gives rise to real-time vibrational imaging of live biological samples. Using molecular vibrational signatures, recently developed hyperspectral CRS microscopy has improved the readout of chemical information available from CRS images. In this article, we review recent achievements in CRS microscopy, focusing on the theory of the CRS signal-to-noise ratio, imaging speed, technical developments, and applications of CRS imaging in bioscience and clinical settings. In addition, we present possible future directions that the use of this technology may take.
Stem‐Cell Challenges in the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease: A Long Way from Bench to Bedside
Authors: Xiaotang Fan, Dayu Sun, Xiaotong Tang, Yulong Cai, Zheng Qin Yin, Haiwei Xu
Journal: Medicinal Research Reviews (2014)

Abstract Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent type of dementia, and its neuropathology is characterized by deposition of insoluble β‐amyloid peptides, intracellular neurofibrillary tangles, and the loss of diverse neurons. Current pharmacological treatments for AD relieve symptoms without affecting the major pathological characteristics of the disease. Therefore, it is essential to develop new and effective therapies. Stem‐cell types include tissue‐specific stem cells, such as neural stem cells and mesenchymal stem cells, embryonic stem cells derived from blastocysts, and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) reprogrammed from somatic cells. Recent preclinical evidence suggests that stem cells can be used to treat or model AD. The mechanisms of stem cell based therapies for AD include stem cell mediated neuroprotection and trophic actions, antiamyloidogenesis, beneficial immune modulation, and the replacement of the lost neurons. iPSCs have been recently used to model AD, investigate sporadic and familial AD pathogenesis, and screen for anti‐AD drugs. Although considerable progress has been achieved, a series of challenges must be overcome before stem cell based cell therapies are used clinically for AD patients. This review highlights the recent experimental and preclinical progress of stem‐cell therapies for AD, and discusses the translational challenges of their clinical application.
High-dose carboplatin, thiotepa, and etoposide with autologous stem-cell rescue for patients with recurrent medulloblastoma. Children's Cancer Group.
Authors: I J Dunkel, J M Boyett, A Yates, M Rosenblum, J H Garvin, B C Bostrom, S Goldman, L S Sender, S L Gardner, H Li, J C Allen, J L Finlay
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1998)

Medulloblastoma is a highly lethal disease when it recurs. Very few patients survive with conventional treatment. This study evaluated the use of high-dose carboplatin, thiotepa, and etoposide with autologous stem-cell rescue (ASCR) in patients with recurrent medulloblastoma.Chemotherapy consisted of carboplatin 500 mg/m2 (or area under the curve = 7 mg/mL x min via Calvert formula) on days -8, -7, and -6; and thiotepa 300 mg/m2 and etoposide 250 mg/m2 on days -5, -4, and -3; followed by ASCR on day 0. In addition to the study-prescribed therapy, 21 patients received other treatment: neurosurgical resection in seven, conventional chemotherapy in 17, and external-beam irradiation in 11 cases.Twenty-three patients with recurrent medulloblastoma, aged two to 44 years (median, 13 years) at ASCR, were treated. Three patients died of treatment-related toxicities within 21 days of ASCR; multiorgan system failure in two, and Aspergillus infection with venoocclusive disease in one. Seven of 23 patients (30%) are event-free survivors at a median of 54 months post-ASCR (range, 24 to 78 months). Kaplan-Meier estimates of event-free (EFS) and overall survival are 34% +/- 10% and 46% +/- 11%, respectively, at 36 months post-ASCR.This strategy may provide long-term survival for some patients with recurrent medulloblastoma.
Liver Metastases from Colorectal Cancer: Ultrasound Imaging
Authors: Søren R. Rafaelsen
Journal: Liver Cancer (2009)

Colorectal cancer is the second largest cause of cancer-related deaths in the United States. Approximately 15–20% of the patients with cancer of the colon and rectum have liver metastases at the time of primary surgery (Faivre et al., 2003). Assessment of liver metastases is essential for the appropriate management of colorectal cancer. Surgical resection is an effective treatment for hepatic metastases of colorectal cancer. However, this option is available only to a small group of patients. Preoperative portal vein embolization for hypertrophy of future hepatic resection and other pioneering multidisciplinary modalities and the aggressive surgical approach has been adopted to extend the frontiers of surgical therapy (Khatri et al., 2005). For the majo-rity of patients surgery is not a curative option, and only palliative therapy is available resulting in no long-term survivors. If left untreated the median survival is 6 months, but with modern combination chemothe-rapy a median survival of 24 month is possible. In a French study (Guyot et al., 2005) the proportion of patients with liver metastases resected with curative intent increased over time from 6% (1976–1984) to 30% (1994–2003).
Photodamage to human skin by suberythemal exposure to solar ultraviolet radiation can be attenuated by sunscreens: a review
Authors: S. Seité, A. Fourtanier, D. Moyal, A.R. Young
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2010)

The effects of acute or repeated suberythemal solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR) exposure on human skin have been insufficiently investigated. Such exposure almost certainly has important long-term consequences that include skin ageing and skin cancer. This review summarizes the published data on the biological effects of suberythemal exposure using a wide range of clinical, cellular and molecular endpoints, some of which may be considered as biomarkers for skin cancer and photoageing. We also include some recent unpublished results from our laboratories. The effects of UVA (320-400 nm), UVB (290-320 nm) and total solar UVR (290-400 nm) are compared. We demonstrate that avoiding sunburn does not prevent many indicators of cutaneous biological damage and that use of low sun protection factor (SPF) sunscreen can inhibit much of the damages induced by suberythemal exposure to UVR. However, even when applied correctly, sunscreen use will result in suberythemal exposure. The degree and spectral quality of such exposure will depend on the SPF and absorption spectrum of the sunscreen, but nonetheless it may contribute to cumulative photodamage. This review may help to determine the level of photoprotection required in sunscreens and daily use products, as well as the ideal ratio of UVB/UVA protection, to improve long-term photoprotection outcomes.
Randomized Trial of Omeprazole or Ranitidine Versus Placebo in the Prevention of Chemotherapy-Induced Gastroduodenal Injury
Authors: Sergio Sartori, Lucio Trevisani, Ingrid Nielsen, Davide Tassinari, Ilaria Panzini, Vincenzo Abbasciano
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2000)

PURPOSE: Anticancer drugs may induce acute mucosal injury to stomach and duodenum. This study was planned to evaluate the efficacy of omeprazole or ranitidine in preventing such an injury. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Two hundred twenty-eight cancer patients with normal stomach and duodenum or with less than three erosions, who were selected to be treated with cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and fluorouracil (90 breast carcinoma patients) or fluorouracil alone (138 colon carcinoma patients), were randomly assigned to treatment with omeprazole 20 mg, ranitidine 300 mg, or one placebo tablet a day. Seven days after the second course of chemotherapy (CT), the patients underwent a further esophagogastroduodenoscopy to evaluate the mucosal injury. Endoscopic findings were quantified on the basis of an arbitrary score, and the occurrence of epigastric pain or heartburn was assessed weekly. RESULTS: A significant difference was found among the three groups (P = .0032), as well as between pre- and postCT endoscopic findings (P = .00001). Endoscopic scores after CT were significantly higher than pretreatment scores in the placebo (P = .003) and ranitidine (P = .003) groups but not in the omeprazole group (P = .354). Acute ulcers were significantly less frequent in patients receiving omeprazole or ranitidine than in those receiving placebo (P = .0001 and P = .0315, respectively). Epigastric pain and/or heartburn were significantly less frequent in patients receiving omeprazole (P = .00124) or ranitidine (P = .038) than in those receiving placebo. CONCLUSION: Omeprazole is effective in preventing chemotherapy-induced gastroduodenal injury. Ranitidine is effective in reducing the frequency of ulcers and upper gastrointestinal symptoms but is not effective in preventing the global endoscopic worsening caused by chemotherapy. The different efficacy of omeprazole and ranitidine can be explained by their different pharmacodynamics.
Chronic eosinophilic pneumonia after radiation therapy for breast cancer
Authors: Marco Pons, Alessia Riglietti, Igor Marsteller, Venerino Poletti, Romain Lazor, Andrea Azzola
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Background:  Several reports have documented the possible appearance of organising pneumonia (OP) as complication of radiation therapy (RT) for breast cancer, but only one has described the occurrence of chronic eosinophilic pneumonia (CEP) in this setting (Cottin V. et al. Eur Respir J 2004; 23:9-13).   Methods and results:  We describe 3 new cases of CEP developed after RT for breast cancer. The median time interval between the end of RT and onset of CEP was 4.3 months. All patients were symptomatic for fever or dry cough. None had history of asthma, one was an active smoker. Chest CT showed multiple areas of alveolar consolidation in regions not limited to the irradiated lung. None of the patients had blood eosinophilia >1 G/L. In all cases, the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) differential cell count revealed eosinophilia ≥25% (25, 45 and 90% respectively). The respiratory function tests showed normal lung volumes and reduced carbon monoxide transfer factor to 60% predicted in 2 patients. All patients had rapid resolution of symptoms with corticosteroid therapy. 2 patients experienced 2 relapses each after treatment withdrawal. In all patients, therapy could be stopped after a median time of 16 months. All are disease-free after a median time of 85 months.   Conclusions:  We confirm the possible onset of CEP as expression of lung injury induced by RT for breast cancer. In contrast to previous observations, CEP after RT may occur in the absence of blood eosinophilia and history of asthma. Since CEP and OP after RT have similar clinical pictures, CEP may be misdiagnosed as OP if BAL is not performed.
Myeloablative therapy with autologous bone marrow transplantation as consolidation therapy for recurrent follicular lymphoma.
Authors: A Z Rohatiner, P W Johnson, C G Price, S J Arnott, J A Amess, A J Norton, E Dorey, K Adams, J S Whelan, J Matthews
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1994)

PURPOSE To assess myeloablative therapy with autologous bone marrow transplantation (ABMT) in younger patients with follicular lymphoma in the hope of prolonging remission duration and survival. PATIENTS AND METHODS Since June 1985, 64 patients with follicular lymphoma have received cyclophosphamide (CY) 60 mg/kg x 2 and total-body irradiation (TBI) 2 Gy x 6 supported by ABMT as consolidation of second or subsequent remission. The marrow mononuclear cell (MNC) fraction was treated in vitro with three cycles of the monoclonal antibody (MAb) anti-CD20 and baby rabbit complement before cryopreservation. At the time of treatment, 34 patients were in complete remission (CR), and 30 had residual disease present. RESULTS The median time to engraftment was 28 days (range, 15 to 46) for both a neutrophil count greater than 0.5 x 10(9)/L and a platelet count greater than 20 x 10(9)/L. Engraftment did not occur in one patient who died at 12 weeks, and three patients (excluded from the range) have had delayed recovery (&gt; 6 months) of RBCs and platelets. Fifty two patients are alive; three died as a consequence of the transplant procedure, two died in remission from other causes, and seven died of recurrent lymphoma. There was a significant correlation between survival and the total number of episodes of treatment required during the course of the illness (&lt; or = to three v &gt; three, P = .01). With a median follow-up duration of 3 1/2 years, 35 patients continue in remission between 1 and 8 years, and 24 have developed recurrent lymphoma, five with evidence of transformation to high-grade histology. Freedom from recurrence did not correlate with the time from diagnosis, the number of previous treatments, the presence or absence of residual disease at the time of treatment, or during which specific remission the treatment was given (second v &gt; second). However, comparison with an age-matched, remission-matched, historical control group shows a significant advantage in favor of treatment with CY plus TBI plus ABMT (P = .001); currently, there is no difference in survival. CONCLUSION These results are encouraging, although preliminary; it remains to be established whether this treatment prolongs survival.
Ensuring a Diverse Physician Workforce
Authors: Laura E. Riley
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2015)

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