tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Epidemiology of the "chronic bronchitis" phenotype of COPD-patients in Belgium and Luxembourg
Authors: Jean Louis Corhay, Walter Vincken, Marc Schlesser, Pascale Bossuyt, Johan Imschoot
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Background: Epidemiologic studies indicate that the chronic bronchitis phenotype (CB) in COPD is associated with increased mortality, frequent exacerbations and disease progression.  Aims and objectives: to investigate the prevalence of CB in a large cohort of COPD patients and identify features associated with CB.  Methods: Cross-sectional analysis of a multicenter cohort of COPD patients from Belgium and Luxembourg. The cohort comprised 974 patients (67.8 ± 9.6 years; 72% males, FEV1 52.5 ± 15.8% predicted).  Results: The prevalence of CB was 64 % (622/974). Between groups (CB vs no CB), no significant difference was observed for age, sex, smoking habit and prevalence of most comorbidities. However prevalence of cachexia and skeletal muscle wasting were higher in CB. The number of pack years was higher, and both FEV1 % predicted and body mass index were lower in CB. The proportion of patients with CB increased with GOLD stage and was higher in emphysema phenotype and patients exposed to occupational risk factors. Patients with CB had increased numbers of mild (0.7 ± 1.9 vs 0.3 ± 0.9; p = 0.002), moderate (1.1 ± 1.4 vs 0.5± 0.9; p   Conclusions: prevalence of CB is high in COPD and increases with disease severity. CB is associated with occupational risk factors, occurrence of mild, moderate and severe exacerbations, frequent moderate or severe COPD exacerbations, and systemic co-morbidities such as cachexia and skeletal muscle wasting.
Circadian variation of exhaled breath temperature in healthy subjects
Authors: Tanya Kralimarkova, Miroslava Rasheva, Tanya Grigorova, Zlatko Dimitrov, Dimitar Tihomirov, Roxana Mincheva, Vasil Dimitrov, Todor Popov
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Background: Evaluation of the exhaled breath temperature (EBT) has been suggested as surrogate biomarker of airway inflammation, but there is no data on its circadian variation in health and disease. Measuring it by portable handheld device has been proven to be precise and highly reproducible. The aim of the study was to identify peaks and troughs in EBT around the clock in healthy individuals.

Methods: Forty two subjects (24 women; median age 26 years, age range 3 to 80 years) without history and objective signs of respiratory disease volunteered for the study. Subjects and/or their parents were trained to measure EBT with a portable hanheld device (X-halo, Delmedica, Singapore). They took it home and were instructed to do measurements at four time points (±30 min.): 7, 13, 19 and 1 hours (h). All values were stored in the memory of the devices and were subsequently retrieved and analyzed by the research team. Axillary temperature (AxT) was measured and analyzed in parallel.

Results: EBT values showed a circadian pattern different from the one of AxT: the acrophase (peak temperature) was registered at 19 h for EBT and at 13 h for AxT. The bathyphase (trough temperature) was the same for both circadian rhythms at 1 h. Repeated measures analysis found both circadian fluctuations to be statistically significant (table):

View this table:



Conclusions: Healthy subjects EBT have a different circadian course during the day and night compared with AxT. EBT circadian influences need also to be identified in inflammatory airway diseases.
Toxoplasmosis in the Adult
Authors: Jack S. Remington, Leon Jacobs, Herbert E. Kaufman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1960)

SINCE the first reports of adult toxoplasmosis by Pinkerton and Weinman1 in 1940 and Pinkerton and Henderson2 in 1941, this disease has become increasingly more interesting to the internist. Although serologic evidence and histories of mothers of toxoplasmic infants indicate that toxoplasma infection is usually subclinical or asymptomatic, we do know that a wide spectrum of disease may be caused by this parasite. There are on record a small number of fatal cases of adult toxoplasmosis, as well as numerous reports of milder syndromes. In addition, chronic ocular toxoplasmosis has been demonstrated to be an important cause of chorioretinitis.History . . .
An unusual case of severe anaemia and lymphocytosis
Authors: S. J. Chavda, S. Iyengar, C. Dearden
Journal: BMJ (2015)

An 83 year old man was referred to the haematology clinic with a three week history of fatigue and shortness of breath on exertion. His symptoms had progressively worsened and on the day of review he felt breathless at rest. He had noted that he bruised easily over his arms and had recently been admitted for recurrent chest infections that required intravenous antibiotics. He had also lost 5 kg in weight during the past month. His medical history included hypertension and elective repair of an abdominal aortic aneurysm. He had no travel history of note and did not smoke or drink alcohol. On examination he appeared pale. He had palpable lymphadenopathy in the cervical region but no palpable hepatosplenomegaly and the rest of the examination was normal. Observations were heart rate 90 beats/min, blood pressure 110/60 mm Hg, respiratory rate 18 breaths/min, oxygen saturations 98% on room air, and temperature 37°C. Blood test showed haemoglobin 44g/L (reference range 133-167), white blood cell count 125×109 cells/L (3.5-11), lymphocytes 122.4×109 cells/L (1.0-3.0), neutrophils 0.39×109 cells/L (2.0-7.0), platelets 54×109/L (150-410), reticulocytes 1×109/L (25-75), and C reactive protein 114.2 nmol/L (0.76-28.5). Urea, creatinine, and liver function tests including bilirubin were normal. Parvovirus polymerase chain reaction was positive at 172 000 copies and cytomegalovirus, adenovirus, and Epstein-Barr virus polymerase chain reaction were negative. A direct antiglobulin test was negative. Figure 1⇓ shows his bone marrow aspirate and fig 2⇓ shows his peripheral blood film. On flow cytometry, 55% of the bone marrow leucocytes were clonal, κ light chain restricted, and positive for CD5, CD19, CD38, and CD43; weakly positive for CD20; and negative for CD22 and CD79b.
Secular trends in mortality associated with bloodstream infections in 4268 patients hospitalized in a cancer referral left between 1975 and 1989
Authors: Antoine Andremont, Rémi Lancar, Ngoc An Lê, Jean-Marc Hattchouel, Sophie Baron, Tahereh Tavakoli, Marie-Françoise Daniel, Cyrille Tancrède, Monique G. Lê
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (1996)
Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma, Version 2.2015
Authors: Robert I. Haddad, William M. Lydiatt, Douglas W. Ball, Naifa Lamki Busaidy, David Byrd, Glenda Callender, Paxton Dickson, Quan-Yang Duh, Hormoz Ehya, Megan Haymart, Carl Hoh, Jason P. Hunt, Andrei Iagaru, Fouad Kandeel, Peter Kopp, Dominick M. Lamonica, Judith C. McCaffrey, Jeffrey F. Moley, Lee Parks, Christopher D. Raeburn, John A. Ridge, Matthew D. Ringel, Randall P. Scheri, Jatin P. Shah, Robert C. Smallridge, Cord Sturgeon, Thomas N. Wang, Lori J. Wirth, Karin G. Hoffmann, Miranda Hughes
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2015)

This selection from the NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology (NCCN Guidelines) for Thyroid Carcinoma focuses on anaplastic carcinoma because substantial changes were made to the systemic therapy recommendations for the 2015 update. Dosages and frequency of administration are now provided, docetaxel/doxorubicin regimens were added, and single-agent cisplatin was deleted because it is not recommended for patients with advanced or metastatic anaplastic thyroid cancer.
The Radioautographic Transfer Function and Its Implications for Radioautographic Methodology
Authors: Stanley E. Shackney
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1975)

A function was developed to relate the radioautographic detectability of tritiated thymidine to its incorporation into nuclear DNA under various experimental and specimen processing conditions. The implications of this function for the interpretation of cell kinetic studies were outlined, and its implications for radioautographic methodology were discussed. The standardization of radioautographic methods for facilitation of comparisons of data obtained from different sources under dissimilar experimental conditions was discussed.
HBV genotypes and chronicification of acute hepatitis B: more questions than answers
Authors: Lin Cl, Kao Jh
Journal: Gut (2009)

We read with great interest the article by Zhang et al ( Gut 2008; 57 :1713–20). Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a global health problem and at least eight HBV genotypes (A–H) have been identified. Genotypes A and D are prevalent in Western countries, whereas genotypes B and C are common in Asian countries. The clinical significance of HBV genotype in terms of disease progression and response to antiviral treatments has been increasingly recognised; however, the association of HBV genotypes with the development of chronic infection in acute hepatitis B patients remains to be elucidated. In this timely community-based study from China, the authors indicated that HBV genotype C is more likely to cause chronic infection than genotype B. These findings …
General practitioners and doping in sport: attitudes and experience
Authors: P Laure, C Binsinger, T Lecerf
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2003)

Objectives: To examine the attitudes to, and knowledge of, doping in sport of French general practitioners (GPs), and their contact with drug taking athletes on an everyday basis. Methods: A total of 402 GPs were randomly selected from all over France and interviewed by telephone, using a prepared script. Results: The response rate was 50.5% (153 men and 49 women; mean (SD) age 45.6 (5.6) years). Of the respondents, 73% confirmed that they had the list of banned products, and only 34.5% stated that they were aware of the latest French law, brought into effect in March 1999, concerning the fight against doping. Some 11% had directly encountered a request for prescription of doping agents over the preceding 12 months (the requested substances were mainly anabolic steroids, stimulants, and corticosteroids), and 10% had been consulted by an athlete who was using doping drugs and was frightened of the health risks (the substances used were mainly anabolic steroids). Over half (52%) of the GPs favoured the prescription of drug substitutions to athletes who used doping agents. According to 87.5% of respondents, doping is a public health problem, and 80% stated that doping is a form of drug addiction. Most (89%) said that a GP has a role to play in doping prevention, but 77% considered themselves poorly prepared to participate in its prevention. Conclusion: The results suggest that ( a ) GPs have limited knowledge of doping and ( b ) are confronted with doping in their daily practice, at least occasionally.
High-dose methotrexate in the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia: Toxicity profile and comparison of tolerability betwen two dosage schedules.
Authors: A. R. Warrier, R. Rejiv, D. Biswajit, S. G. Ramanan, T. G. Sagar
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

9573 Background: Aims: To study the toxicity profile of high-dose methotrexate in treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia. To compare between tolerability of 3 gm/ m2 and 5 gm/m2 of high-dose methotrexate (HDMTX). Methods: 60 acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients undergoing BFM 86 protocol treatment at Cancer Institute, Chennai, without any renal dysfunction or neurological disorder. 30 patients each were administered four cycles of consolidation chemotherapy with 3 gm/m2 and 5 gm/m2 HDMTX respectively once in 14 days. Statistical methods used included Student t test, Chi square test and Fisher exact test. Results: See Table. Comparison of toxicities between two dosages of 3gm/ m2 and 5 gm/ m2: There were no statistically significant differences between various parameters like average number of days to complete the protocol, rise in serum creatinine, Grade of mucositis and LFT abnormalities between the two groups. Incidence of febrile neutropenia, use of antibiotics and number of days 6MP was given was also similar. Conclusions: 1) Adequate hydration, alkalanization, and leucovorin rescue with close monitoring of serum creatinine as well as methotrexate levels are essential to prevent life threatening toxicities. 2) HDMTX could be safely administered across all age groups in the study population. 3) Myelosuppression and febrile neutropenia resulted in treatment delays. 4) Cumulative toxicity of HDMTX with repeated infusions was not noted. 5) There was no significant difference in tolerability between 3 gm/m2 and 5 gm/m2 of HDMTX. Toxicities associated with HDMTX (including both groups) Toxicity Number (out of 240) Percentage Doubling of creatinine 2 0.9% 50% rise in creatinine at 48 hours post HDMTX 9 3.75% Mucositis grade 2 or more 11 4.5% Transaminitis grade 2 or more 18 7.5% Neutropenia grade 2 or more 70 29% Febrile neutropenia 59 24.5% Thrombocytopenia grade 2 or more 16 6.6% Mean number of days delayed 5.6 N.A. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Conservatism is not the missing viewpoint for true diversity
Authors: Beate Seibt, Sven Waldzus, Thomas W. Schubert, Rodrigo Brito
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2015)

Abstract The target article diagnoses a dominance of liberal viewpoints with little evidence, promotes a conservative viewpoint without defining it, and wrongly projects the U.S. liberal-conservative spectrum to the whole field of social psychology. Instead, we propose to anticipate and reduce mixing of theorizing and ideology by using definitions that acknowledge divergence in perspective, and promote representative sampling and observation of the field, as well as dialogical publication.
The Importance of Clinical Context When Interpreting Serum Ammonia Levels
Authors: Joseph W. Howells, Patricia A. Short
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
Electron Microscopy of Induced Secretion in Organ Cultures of Mammary Tissue of the C3H/Crgl Mouse2
Authors: S. R. Wellings, R. A. Cooper, E. M. Rivera
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1966)

Prelactating mammary tissue from C3H/Crgl mice, 12 to 14 days pregnant, was maintained in organ culture in chemically defined medium 199 with added hormones. Aldosterone (1 µg/ml) plus insulin (5 µg/ml) was added to both control and experimental cultures. In addition, ovine mammotropin (1, 2, or 4 µg/ml), bovine somatotropin (2 or 6 µg/ml), and ovine mammotropin plus bovine somatotropin (1 + 1 and 4 + 4 µg/ml) were added to the experimental cultures. By light microscopy 1 cultures receiving either one or both adenohypophysial hormones showed distension of alveoli with secretion and the appearance of fat droplets in the apexes of the cells. By electron microscopy, cultures receiving the pituitary hormones showed increased membranous ergastoplasm, enlarged Golgi apparatus, enhanced formation of protein droplets, and accumulation of protein and fat droplets in cell apex and alveolar lumen. Virus-like particles, although common in both the control and experimental cultures, were most numerous in those cultures receiving one or both adenohypophysial hormones. The extra cellular (B) particles sometimes formed large, crystalline-appearing aggregates, unlike anything previously reported in normal C3H mammary gland.
Experience of hydroxychloroquine in the treatment of pulmonary sarcoidosis in the west of Ireland: An insight into clinical practice
Authors: Melissa McDonnell, Imran Suleem, Robert Rutherford, Anthony O'Regan, J.J. Gilmartin
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Introduction:  Hydroxychloroquine is widely used in treatment of cutaneous sarcoidosis. There is limited literature regarding the experience of hydroxychloroquine in pulmonary sarcoidosis.   Aim:  To review the treatment and toxicity profile of hydroxychloroquine in the treatment of pulmonary sarcoidosis.   Methods:  Retrospective observational cohort study of sarcoidosis patients in the West of Ireland from 1983-2009. Remission was defined as successful withdrawal from steroids within one year, improvement in radiological staging of pulmonary disease (Scadding classification) and maintenance of pulmonary function. Relapse was defined as deterioration necessitating re-introduction of steroids.   Results:  92/407 (22.6%) were treated with hydroxychloroquine 200mg BD. Mean age 38.1yrs (range 17-68) with M:F ratio 1:1. Mean length of treatment 2.9yrs. Mean follow-up 8.5yrs. 19.6%, 47.8%, 25% and 7.6% had stage 1-4 disease respectively. 95.6% received high-dose steroids prior to treatment. Indications for treatment were: steroid-sparing 17.4%, refractory 18.5%, extra-pulmonary 47.8% and maintenance of remission 16.3%. 52.2% were steroid-free within one year; 23.9% showed improvement in radiological staging (normal radiology in 13%); there was no significant difference in lung function. Relapse rate was 14.1%. Adverse event rate was 11.9% (4.3% discontinued treatment).   Conclusion:  This study shows hydroxychloroquine is safe and effective in the treatment of pulmonary sarcoidosis, particularly multisystem disease. We conclude, therefore, that hydroxychloroquine should be considered in the treatment and maintenance of patients with chronic pulmonary sarcoidosis.
Biologic Factors Determine Prognosis in Infants With Stage IV Neuroblastoma: A Prospective Children’s Cancer Group Study
Authors: Mary Lou Schmidt, John N. Lukens, Robert C. Seeger, Garrett M. Brodeur, Hiroyuki Shimada, Robert B. Gerbing, Daniel O. Stram, Carlos Perez, Gerald M. Haase, Katherine K. Matthay
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2000)

PURPOSE: A prospective Children’s Cancer Group study, CCG-3881, has been completed to determine if a more accurate prediction of prognosis by biologic features can identify subgroups of infants with stage IV neuroblastoma (NBL) who require differing intensities of treatment. PATIENTS AND METHODS: One hundred thirty-four infants were registered from June 1989 to August 1995, with a median follow-up of 47.1 months (range, 0 to 88 months). The biologic factors examined were tumor MYCN copy number, Shimada histopathologic classification, serum ferritin, and bone marrow immunocytology (sensitivity, one tumor cell per 10 5 bone marrow cells). Patients treated on CCG-3881 (n = 116) received four-drug chemotherapy for 9 months (cisplatin, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and etoposide), with surgery and local radiation to residual disease. After January 1991, all subsequent infants with tumor MYCN amplification (n = 18) were transferred after one cycle of therapy to the high-risk CCG-3891 protocol (open January 1991 to April 1996) for more intensive treatment. RESULTS: The 3-year event-free survival (EFS) and overall survival (mean ± SD) for the 134 infants were 63% ± 5% and 71% ± 5%, respectively. Patients whose tumors were without MYCN amplification had a 93% ± 4% 3-year EFS, whereas those with amplified MYCN had a 10% ± 7% 3-year EFS (P &lt; .0001). Each of the other biologic features studied had prognostic significance in univariate analysis but not after stratifying by MYCN copy number. CONCLUSION: Infants less than 1 year of age at diagnosis with stage IV NBL have a much improved outcome compared with children ≥ 1 year of age. Nonamplified MYCN tumors identify a group of infants with a 93% ± 4% EFS, whereas amplified MYCN copy number clearly identifies patients who are unlikely to survive despite intensive chemotherapy.
Clinical and microbiological epidemiology of Streptococcus pneumoniae bacteremia in eight French counties
Authors: J. Maugein, D. Guillemot, M.J. Dupont, T. Fosse, G. Laurans, M. Roussel-Delvallez, J. Thierry, M. Vergnaud, M. Weber, B. Poirier
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2003)
Shared Decision-Making for Cancer Screening
Authors: Alain Braillon, Susan Bewley
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
Abstract 17485: Carotid Body Denervation Markedly Improves Survival of Hypertensive Heart Failure in Rats
Authors: Kana Fujii, Keita Saku, Takuya Kishi, Takako Takehara, Takuya Akashi, Yasuhiro Oga, Akiko Nishizaki, Tomomi Ide, Kenji Sunagawa
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Introduction:  Hypertension is a major cause of heart failure. Since carotid body denervation (CBD) is known to inhibit excessive sympathoexcitation in animal models of hypertension and/or heart failure, we hypothesized that the CBD-induced sympathoinhibition improves the survival in Dahl salt-sensitive rats with high-salt diet, as an animal model of hypertensive heart failure.   Methods:  Dahl salt-sensitive rats with high-salt diet (8% NaCl) were randomized into CBD (N=14) and sham operated (N=18) groups. At 7 weeks of age, we removed the tissues around the carotid bifurcation and established CBD. Echocardiograms and 24-hour urinary norepinephrine (uNE) excretion as parameters of sympathoexcitation were assessed in every week. In some rats, we telemetrically recorded blood pressure. We conducted detailed physiological and histological analyses at 16 weeks. Finally, we compared the survival rate between 2 groups.   Results:  At 11 weeks of age, CBD did not alter blood pressure (162±15 vs. 169±12 mmHg, NS) or uNE (0.9±0.5 vs. 1.1±0.5 μg/day, NS, Fig 1). In contrast, at 14 weeks of age, CBD significantly reduced the development of hypertension (209±14 vs. 228±11 mmHg, p   Conclusions:  CBD significantly inhibited the sympathoexcitation, attenuated the development of hypertension and improved survival in Dahl salt-sensitive rats. CBD could be a new therapeutic strategy for hypertensive heart failure.