tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 3458: Dietary Arachidonic Acid, 5-Lipoxygenase and Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Hannia Campos, Baylin Ana, Janna Hartiala, Hooman Allayee
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Five-lipoxygenase (5-LO), the rate-limiting enzyme in the biosynthesis of leukotrienes from arachidonic acid, has been associated with the development of atherosclerosis in mouse models, and a 5-LO promoter repeat polymorphism has been implicated in atherosclerosis in humans. To test the effect of the 5-LO polymorphism on risk of MI and whether dietary arachidonic acid modified the observed results, we studied 1,885 cases of myocardial infarction (MI) and 1,885 controls matched for age, sex, and area of residence, all living in Costa Rica. Conditional logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). Dietary intake was assessed by a validated food frequency questionnaire. No case-control differences in the frequency of deletion (DD/WD) or addition (AA/WA) alleles were identified: DD/WD=28.7% and 29.7%; AA/WA=2.35% and 3.1%, respectively. However, a significant gene-diet interaction was found between the 5-LO polymorphism, arachidonic acid intake, and MI (P=0.014). Compared to the wildtype (WW), the D allele was associated with increased MI in the high (&gt;0.25 g/d) dietary arachidonic acid group (OR=1.23, 95%CI 0.99 –1.53) and with decreased MI in the low (≤ 0.25) arachidonic acid group (OR=0.79 95%CI 0.63– 0.98). The A allele was inversely associated with MI in both diet groups, although this association was not statistically significant perhaps due to its low frequency. To examine if functional differences between alleles explain the observed results, we measured relative amounts of RNA from the D allele compared to the W allele in 66 heterozygous individuals from the same population using allele specific quantitation with Pyrosequencing technology. As a control, DNA from the same heterozygote individuals for each respective allele was used. Consistent with the results above, the D allele had a ~50% increased expression relative to the W allele. Thus, carriers of the 5-LO D allele are more susceptible to the effects of arachidonic acid on risk of MI. The finding of increased expression of 5-LO from the D allele is consistent with the observation that this allele is associated with increased atherosclerosis and risk of MI, at least in the context of a diet high in arachidonic acid.
Abstract 3543: Profiling of Protein Kinase C Isoforms in Ascending Aortic Aneurysms In Patients with Marfan Syndrome
Authors: John S Ikonomidis, Jeffrey A Jones, John R Barbour, Robert E Stroud, Brooke S Kaplan, Allyson M Leone, Joseph E Bavaria, Joseph H Gorman, Francis G Spinale, Robert C Gorman
Journal: Circulation (2006)

Objective: Marfan syndrome (MFS), an inherited defect in the extracellular matrix protein fibrillin, is associated with an increased incidence of ascending thoracic aortic aneurysms (ATAAs) which m...
Once-Weekly Subcutaneous Bortezomib Plus Oral Cyclophosphamide and Dexamethasone Therapy For Relapsed Or Refractory Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Yasushi Takamatsu, Yutaka Imamura, Tomonori Nakazato, Naokuni Uike, Kaname Miyashita, Yoshio Saburi, Naoki Harada, Shuichi Ota, Rie Imamura, Toshihiro Miyamoto
Journal: Blood (2013)
Why fund smoking cessation programmes in prisons?
Authors: Niyi Awofeso
Journal: BMJ (2005)

O ver the past decade, most prison authorities in Western countries have responded to the public health, litigation, and security problems posed by high prevalence of tobacco use among prisoners, primarily through prohibition and severely restrictive policies. Although Britain recently funded nicotine replacement pharmacotherapy and smoking cessation programmes to assist prisoners willing to quit, such programmes to complement restrictive policies are rare in American and Australian prisons. The main argument against the funding of these complementary smoking cessation programmes by custodial authorities is cost. I would argue that, for a number of reasons, the benefits of funding smoking cessation programmes for inmates willing to quit surpass the costs of implementation.

Funding of smoking cessation programmes for inmates that require such services is by itself a strong counterargument to the allegedly punitive nature of tobacco control policies in prison settings, such as prohibition. The provision of funded programmes for smoker inmates willing to quit should act as a disincentive to inmates and staff who traffic tobacco ostensibly to “help” smoker prisoners cope with …
Abstract 2641: Comparative Incidence, Case-Fatality and Survival Rates of Stroke and Acute Myocardial Infarction. The Dijon Vascular (DIVA) Project
Authors: Arnaud Gentil, Yannick Bejot, Luc Lorgis, Jerome Durier, Marianne Zeller, Guy Victor Osseby, Gilles Dentan, Jean-Claude Beer, Thibault Moreau, Maurice Giroud, Yves Cottin, CHU Bocage
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Acute coronary and cerebrovascular events share common underlying arterial pathology. Although some studies have evaluated the epidemiology of these two diseases, many of them were limited by being conducted on selected populations. The aim of the Dijon Vascular Project was to evaluate the epidemiology of both stroke and acute myocardial infarction from a large population-based study and over a long period. We prospectively assessed all first-ever cases of stroke and acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in a population of 151,846 in the city of Dijon, France, from 2001 to 2006. The 30-day case fatality rates were assessed in both groups. We recorded 1660 events, including 1020 (61.4 %) strokes and 640 AMI (38.6 %). The crude incidence of stroke was 112 / 100,000 / year while that of AMI was 70.2 / 100 000 / year. Incidence rates of the two diseases rose steeply with age. In women, the incidence of stroke was higher than that of AMI, in particular at 65 years and older. In men, the incidence of stroke was lower than that of AMI below 55 years, was similar between 55 and 65 years and higher above 65 years. Case-fatality rates at 30 days were similar for stroke and AMI. Our findings confirm that the annual incidence of stroke is higher than that of AMI except in young men. These data implications for prevention strategies, acute care, clinical trial design for future therapies and health-care organizations.
Abstract 14850: Determinants of Left Ventricular Mass Regression in a Hypertensive Population: a Follow-up Study
Authors: Eirini Andrikou, Costas Tsioufis, Ioannis Andrikou, Costas Thomopoulos, Kyriakos Dimitriadis, Alexandros Kasiakogias, Dimitris Syrseloudis, Ioannis Bafakis, Mariota Almiroudi, Christodoulos Stefanadis
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Introduction: Left ventricular hypertrophy is a reversible risk factor and its regression improves cardiovascular (CV) prognosis. Hypothesis: To investigate the determinants of left ventricular mas...
发热-咳嗽-双肺阴影-皮下结节
Authors: 韩捷, 孟凡霞, 王佳怡, 叶玮, 周洁如
Journal: BMJ (2009)

患者女,56岁,因发热伴咳嗽1周于2008年1月4日于我院呼吸科就诊.1周前患者无明显诱因下出现发热,下午体温升高明显,最高39.7℃,无畏寒、寒战,有盗汗,伴咳嗽,为非刺激性轻咳,无痰,伴有全身肌肉酸痛,无全身骨痛,无口腔溃疡,无光过敏,无恶心、呕吐,无腹痛、腹泻,无腰酸、腰痛,无尿频、尿急、尿痛,无胸闷、心悸,体重近期无明显变化。
Abstract 1579: Critical Role of the CaMKII-site (Ser282) in Cardiac Myosin Binding Protein-C Phosphorylation and Cardiac Function
Authors: Sakthivel Sadayappan, James Gulick, Marjorie Maillet, John N Lorenz, Allen York, Jeffery D Molkentin, Jeffrey Robbins
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Cardiac myosin binding protein-C (cMyBP-C) plays a major role as both a structural and regulatory protein in the heart. Three of the serines in cMyBP-C (Ser273, Ser282 and Ser302) are known to be s...
Abstract 18295: Non-contrast Quantitative Peak-Exercise Calf Muscle Perfusion by MRI Reproducibly Discriminates Peripheral Arterial Disease from Normal
Authors: Amy West, Craig H Meyer, Frederick H Epstein, Jennifer R Hunter, Joseph M DiMaria, John M Christopher, Christopher M Kramer
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Background: Prior work demonstrated the utility of gadolinium-enhanced calf muscle perfusion measures by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in patients with peripheral arterial disease (PAD). Arteria...
Abstract 13110: Cardiac Overexpression of PPARgamma Induces Ion Channel and Connexin Remodeling Leading to Spontaneous Fatal Arrhythmias
Authors: John P Morrow, Alex Katchman, Ni-Huiping Son, Chad M Trent, Raffay Khan, Haiyan Huang, Takayuki Shiomi, Jeanine D'Armiento, Homma Shunichi, Ira J Goldberg, Steven O Marx
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Background: Diabetes and obesity, which confer an increased risk of sudden cardiac death, are associated with cardiac myocyte lipid accumulation and altered cardiac electrical properties, manifest ...
The Children First Study: Improving Physical Activity Goals by a Multidisciplinary Educational Program for School Children
Authors: Luciana S. Fornari, Luiz Perandini, Romulo Fernandes, Isabela Giuliano, Bruno Caramelli
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Univ Sao Paulo, Fac Med, Clin Hosp HC FMUSP, Interdisciplinary Med Cardiol Unit,Heart Inst InC, Sao Paulo, Brazil
Abstract 8922: Association between Metabolic Syndrome and Concentric Left Ventricular Hypertrophy in Patients with Severe Calcific Aortic Stenosis Undergoing Aortic Valve Replacement
Authors: Marie-Annick Clavel, Romain Capoulade, Jean G Dumesnil, Patrick Mathieu, Jean-Pierre Després, Philippe Pibarot
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Background: We reported that in patients with mild to moderate aortic stenosis (AS), metabolic syndrome (MetS) is associated with more pronounced concentric LV hypertrophy. Severe LV concentric hypertrophy has been linked to reduced survival following aortic valve replacement (AVR). The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between MetS and prevalence of LV concentric hypertrophy in patients with severe AS referred to AVR. Method and Results: 510 patients with severe AS underwent isolated AVR. Among 510 patients undergoing isolated AVR, 131 (26%) had the MetS and 109 (21%) had type 2 diabetes (T2D). Patients with T2D or MetS had larger waist circumference (T2D: 106±16; MetS: 104 ±12 vs.noMetS-noT2D: 96±13cm; p&lt;0.0001), higher incidence of hypertension (86; 85 vs. 50%) and coronary artery disease (CAD: 22; 18 vs. 10%) compared to those with noMetS-no T2D. The severity of AS was similar in the 3 groups (Peak aortic jet velocity [Vmax]:417±81; 416 ±81 vs. 424±84mmHg; p=0.13). Patients were classified into four different LV patterns according to relative wall thickness ratio and LV mass indexed (LVMi) to a 2.7 power of height (Figure). Distribution of LV patterns was worse (p&lt;0.0001) in T2D and MetS groups compared to noMetS-noT2D group (Figure). Diabetes and MetS were independently (p=0.02 and p=0.04) associated with higher LVMi after adjustment for age, gender, hypertension, Vmax, mitral regurgitation, CAD, history of myocardial infarction, and valvulo-arterial impedance. One year after AVR, decrease in LVMi was similar in the 3 groups (p=0.44) and thereby postoperative LVMi remained higher (p=0.003) in the T2D and MetS groups (49 ±14 and 53±12 g/m 2.7 ) compared to noMetS-noT2D group (43±15 g/m 2.7 ). Conclusion: MetS and T2D are independently associated with higher prevalence of LV concentric hypertrophy in patients with severe AS and with more residual hypertrophy following AVR, which may in turn increase short- and long- term postoperative mortality.
Squamous-Cell Carcinoma Resembling Pyoderma Gangrenosum
Authors: Steffen Emmert, Michael P Schön
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2015)

A 53-year-old woman presented with a nonhealing wound on her hand. After removal of what had been believed to be a wart, a slowly progressing ulceration had occurred. For 6 months, she had received treatment for a clinical diagnosis of pyoderma gangrenosum, with no improvement.
The Effect of Carcinogens on the Hepatic Vitamin A Stores of Mice and Rats
Authors: Christopher Carruthers
Journal: Cancer Research (1942)

(From t/2e Research Department, T/~e Barnard Free Skin and Cancer Hospital, St. Louis, Mo.) (Received for publication November 22, I94t) This study of vitamin A depletion occurring with experimentally induced visceral carcinogenesis was undertaken because it was not feasible to estimate accurately the vitamin A content of epidermis in the systematic study of epidermal methylcholanthrene car- cinogenesis in mice, which is being carried out in the Barnard Hospital. Goerner (8) was the first to show that repeated intra- peritoneal injections of 1,2,5,6-dibenzanthracene markedly re- duced the vitamin A content and increased the total lipid of hepatic mitochondria of rabbits. Enlargement of the liver and loss of body weight accompanied these changes. Goerner and Goerner (9) also demonstrated that the mitochondria of a transplanted rat carcinoma and sarcoma were lacking in vita- min A, although the hepatic stores of the host were normal. Further experiments of these workers (Io) showed that 2-amino- 5-azotoluene caused a lowering of the hepatic vitamin A when fed to rats. Cells of liver tumors induced by this azo com- pound were devoid of vitamin A, but surrounding normal hepatic cells still contained the vitamin. While dibenzanthra- cene injected intraperitoneally did not affect the liver stores of vitamins C or D, the inhibition of growth in young rats was paralleled by a decrease in hepatic vitamin A (I I). Baumann, Foster, and Lavik (I) placed rats with moderate stores of vitamin A on diets low in this factor and injected separate groups of the animals with colloidal suspensions of 1,2,5,6-dibenzanthracene, 3,4-benzpyrene, benzanthracene, and methylcholanthrene. All of these hydrocarbons caused partial depletion of vitamin A from the liver, but dibenzanthracene proved much more effective than the others. These investi- gators found no correlation between the carcinogenicity of the compounds and the effect upon vitamin A. For example, butter yellow, a carcinogenic compound, and carbon black, a non- carcinogenic substance, were equally without effect upon the vitamin store. Livers of rats bearing methylcholanthrene-induced subcutaneous tumors contained more vitamin A than non- tumorous rats treated with dibenzanthracene. Since in these earlier studies attention was concen- trated on the depletive action of cancer-producing hydrocarbons on hepatic vitamin A content, without reference to their carcinogenic action, it seemed impor- tant to us to include the latter effect in this correlation. Methylcholanthrene was therefore injected intraperi- toneally at regular intervals over a long period of time to determine whether a relationship exists between the decrease in hepatic vitamin A and the appearance of tumors in the liver and other viscera of mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS All vitamin A determinations were made with an improved microphotoelectric colorimeter which will be described in detail elsewhere (3). Briefly, the density of the 62o m~. band of the Carr-Price reaction was measured as follows: Red light of
Abstract 4287: Mitral Leaflet Adaptation to Ventricular Remodeling: Prospective Changes in a Model of Ischemic Mitral Regurgitation
Authors: Miguel Chaput, Mark D Handschumacher, J L Guerrero, Godtfred Holmvang, Jacob P Dal-Bianco, Suzanne Sullivan, Benjamin Johnson, Gus J Vlahakes, Judy Hung, Robert A Levine
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Background: Ischemic mitral regurgitation (IMR) is caused by systolic traction on the mitral leaflets related to ventricular distortion. Little is known about how chronic tethering affects leaflet area, in part because it cannot be measured repeatedly in situ. Recently, a new method for 3D echo measurement of mitral leaflet area was developed and validated in vivo against sheep valves, later excised. Clinical studies (n=80) showed that mitral leaflet area increased by &gt;30% in patients with inferior myocardial infarction (IMI) and dilated cardiomyopathy versus normal; greater adaptation independently predicted less MR. This study explored whether mitral valve area changes over time within the same heart with IMR. Methods: Twelve sheep were studied at baseline and 3 months after IMI by 3D echo and MRI; 6 were untreated and 6 were treated initially with an epicardial patch to limit LV dilatation and MR. Results: Untreated sheep developed LV dilatation at 3 months with global dysfunction (EF 24±10% vs. 43±11% with patching, p=0.02) and moderate MR (vena contracta 5.0 vs 0.8 mm, p&lt;0.0001). In untreated sheep, total diastolic leaflet area increased from 13.0±1.9 to 18.1±2.5 cm 2 , p=0.0077. In patched sheep, leaflet area at 3 months was not significantly different from baseline sheep values (12.9±0.9 cm 2 , p=0.77). Conclusion: Mitral valve area, independent of systolic stretch, increases over time as the LV remodels after IMI. This increase, however, fails to compensate adequately for tethering to prevent MR. Understanding the mechanism of valve adaptation can potentially suggest new biological and surgical therapeutic targets.
Abstract 2331: BRCA1 Limits Inflammation Induced Apoptosis And Improves Endothelial Function: A Novel Role Of DNA Repair Genes In Vascular Homeostasis
Authors: Krishna K Singh, Praphulla C Shukla, Fina Lovren, Yi Pan, Paul Jurasz, Adrian Quan, Hwee Teoh, Lee Errett, Subodh Verma
Journal: Circulation (2008)

INTRODUCTION: Endothelial cell apoptosis, in response to inflammatory, ischemic and hypoxic stressors, has been identified as an essential target for therapies aimed at improving graft patency. BRCA1 is a tumor suppressor gene which functions primarily to promote DNA repair, and afford protection against various genotoxic stimuli, including immunosuppressant and chemotherapeutic regimens often employed post-transplantation. We hypothesized that BRCA1 is a novel target to limit inflammation-induced endothelial cell apoptosis and to restore endothelial function. METHODS AND RESULTS: In the first series of studies, we used a gain-of-function approach by adenoviral BRCA1 overexpression in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Ad-BRCA1-expressing HUVECs exhibited profound protection against TNFα (20 ng/ml)-induced apoptosis, as assessed by flow cytometry, DNA laddering, COMET assay and cleaved procaspase 3 (P &lt; 0.01). This response was mediated by complete prevention of TNFα-induced increases in endothelial ROS production (P &lt; 0.001, vs. Ad-BRCA1). Furthermore, Ad-BRCA1 overexpression prevented TNFα-induced reduction in key indices of endothelial function, namely capillary-like tube formation (P &lt; 0.01) and cell migration (P &lt; 0.01). The protective effects of BRCA1 were not mediated by changes in total or phosphorylated p53 (P = 0.1) but were associated with a significant 6-fold upregulation in eNOS (P &lt; 0.05). A loss-of-function strategy with BRCA1 gene silencing reversed the effects on endothelial apoptosis, ROS production and eNOS phosporylation. CONCLUSIONS: BRCA1 protects endothelial cells against inflammation-induced apoptosis, through a mechanism that involves up-regulation of eNOS and reduced ROS production, and is a novel candidate gene to limit aberrant vascular remodeling. These data also suggest that patients with BRCA1 mutations or cancer syndromes may be at an exaggerated risk of native and transplant atherosclerosis and graft dysfunction, particularly in the setting of DNA damaging immunosuppressants.
Abstract 2803: Clinical Utility of Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Patients with Permanent Pacemakers and Implantable-Cardioverter Defibrillators at 1.5 Tesla
Authors: Saman Nazarian, Rozann Hansford, Ariel Roguin, Menekhem M Zviman, Albert C Lardo, Hugh Calkins, Ronald D Berger, David A Bluemke, Henry R Halperin
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Background: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) offers excellent soft tissue resolution and is the preferred imaging modality for diagnosis of musculoskeletal, neurological and many thoracic and abdominal conditions. While MRI is currently unavailable for millions of patients because of the presence of implantable cardiac devices, we and others have previously reported the safety of noncardiac and cardiac MRI at 1.5T using a protocol that incorporates device selection and programming and limits the estimated specific absorption rate of MRI sequences. In this study we report the clinical utility of MRI in implantable cardiac device recipients. Methods: One hundred and eighty six patients with devices shown to be MRI safe by in vitro phantom and in vivo animal testing underwent 228 MRI studies. Pacing mode was changed to “asynchronous” for pacemaker-dependent patients and to “demand” for others. Magnet response and tachyarrhythmia functions were disabled. Blood pressure, ECG, oximetry, and symptoms were monitored. Efforts were made to limit the system-estimated whole-body average specific absorption rate to 2.0 W/kg (successful in &gt;99% of sequences) while maintaining the diagnostic capability of MRI. Results: No episodes of inappropriate inhibition or activation of pacing were observed. There were no significant differences between baseline and immediate or long-term sensing amplitudes, lead impedances, or pacing thresholds. The diagnostic yield of alternative testing was 19% in 47 patients who underwent ultrasound, nuclear imaging or computed tomography prior to MRI. In contrast, diagnostic questions were answered in 95% of MRI studies. Conclusions: The diagnostic benefits of MRI significantly outweigh the theoretical risks in patients with implanted cardiac devices when appropriate safety measures are implemented.
Abstract MP53: Racial Disparities in Predicted Cardiovascular Risk among Young Men and Women in the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health) Study
Authors: Alvaro Alonso, Susan A Everson-Rose, Cari J Clark
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Background: We used data from a nationally representative sample of young adults to examine sex-specific disparities in global cardiovascular risk across racial/ethnic groups, which have not previously been examined. Methods: Data were from National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health subjects who participated in wave 4 (2007-08) and who had valid weights and non-missing data (7270 women; 6499 men). Age, race/ethnicity, educational attainment, and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors (body mass index, smoking status, diabetes, systolic blood pressure, and use of antihypertensive medication) were collected via an in-home exam. We calculated the 30-Year risk for hard CVD endpoints (coronary death, myocardial infarction, stroke) using a Framingham-based prediction model including data on age, sex, and CVD risk factors. Gender-specific differences in 30-year risk of CVD by race were calculated with weighted age- and education-adjusted linear models. Interactions between race/ethnicity and education were tested. Results: Mean age was 28.9 ± 1.7 years; participants were 69% non-Hispanic white (NHW), 15% non-Hispanic black (NHB), 12% Hispanic (HIS), 3% Asian/Pacific-Islander (API), 1% Native American (NA). Average 30-year risk of CVD was 10.3 ± 7.4% in men and 4.3 ± 4.1% in women. Compared to NHW men, NA and NHB had higher (p-values&lt;0.05) and HIS and API had similar (p-values&gt;0.05) 30-year risk of CVD. API and HIS women had lower risk and NHB and NA women had higher risk (all p-values&lt;=0.05), compared to NHW women. A significant race/ethnicity by education interaction was observed (p-value=0.01), with racial/ethnic differences in women greatly reduced at the highest education level (Figure). Conclusion: Disparities in global CVD risk were observed for young men and women, though mostly attenuated among women with higher education level. Strategies to reduce disparities in CVD should start early in life, consider gender differences, and focus on educationally disadvantaged groups.
Abstract 15174: Predictors of Lack of Right Atrial Reverse Remodeling after Atrial Septal Defect Device Closure
Authors: Fang Fang, Yat-Yin Lam, John E Sanderson, Gabriel Wai-Kwok Yip, Xiu-Xia Luo, Qing Zhang, Cheuk-Man Yu
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Purpose: Despite the evidence for the benefits of device closure of atrial septal defect (ASD) on right atrial (RA) volume, there are still some patients with persistent RA enlargement which may be...