tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Metal or plastic stents for preoperative biliary drainage in resectable pancreatic cancer
Authors: J A M G Tol, J E van Hooft, R Timmer, F J G M Kubben, E van der Harst, I H J T de Hingh, F P Vleggaar, I Q Molenaar, Y C A Keulemans, D Boerma, M J Bruno, E J Schoon, N A van der Gaag, M G H Besselink, P Fockens, T M van Gulik, E A J Rauws, O R C Busch, D J Gouma
Journal: Gut (2015)

<h3>Introduction</h3> In pancreatic cancer, preoperative biliary drainage (PBD) increases complications compared with surgery without PBD, demonstrated by a recent randomised controlled trial (RCT). This outcome might be related to the plastic endoprosthesis used. Metal stents may reduce the PBD-related complications risk. <h3>Methods</h3> A prospective multicentre cohort study was performed including patients with obstructive jaundice due to pancreatic cancer, scheduled to undergo PBD before surgery. This cohort was added to the earlier RCT (ISRCTN31939699). The RCT protocol was adhered to, except PBD was performed with a fully covered self-expandable metal stent (FCSEMS). This FCSEMS cohort was compared with the RCT’s plastic stent cohort. PBD-related complications were the primary outcome. Three-group comparison of overall complications including early surgery patients was performed. <h3>Results</h3> 53 patients underwent PBD with FCSEMS compared with 102 patients treated with plastic stents. Patients’ characteristics did not differ. PBD-related complication rates were 24% in the FCSEMS group vs 46% in the plastic stent group (relative risk of plastic stent use 1.9, 95% CI 1.1 to 3.2, p=0.011). Stent-related complications (occlusion and exchange) were 6% vs 31%. Surgical complications did not differ, 40% vs 47%. Overall complication rates for the FCSEMS, plastic stent and early surgery groups were 51% vs 74% vs 39%. <h3>Conclusions</h3> For PBD in pancreatic cancer, FCSEMS yield a better outcome compared with plastic stents. Although early surgery without PBD remains the treatment of choice, FCSEMS should be preferred over plastic stents whenever PBD is indicated. <h3>Trial registration number:</h3> Dutch Trial Registry (NTR3142).
Direct Examination of the Clonality of Carcinogen-Induced Colonic Epithelial Dysplasia in Chimeric Mice&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: B A Ponder, M M Wilkinson
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1986)

The clonal composition of neoplastic foci was examined in histological sections of the colonic epithelium of azoxymethane (CAS: 25843-45-2)-treated CBA/Ca ↔ C57BL/6J mouse aggregation chimeras, with the use of H-2 antigens as markers of cellular genotype. Each of 55 early neoplastic foci occurring at a mosaic patch boundary was composed of cells of a single genotype. Our results provide direct evidence that these foci arise from single crypts. In contrast, the epithelium of 5 of 17 larger adenomas was of mixed genotype: In 3, one genotype was represented only by a rim of cytologically normal epithelium derived from adjacent crypts, but in the other 2 the epithelium of both genotypes was dysplastic. One of these was probably a “collision” tumor arising from adjacent but independent foci; in the other, the minority component may have been derived from entrapped nonneoplastic crypts.
A New Locus (&lt;italic&gt;Mtv-4&lt;/italic&gt;) for Endogenous Mammary Tumor Virus Expression and Early Mammary Tumor Development in the SHN Mouse Strain&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN3"&gt;3&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: S Imai, Y Tsubura, J Hilgers, R Michalides
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1983)

The SHN mouse strain, which has a high incidence of mammary cancer, developed by inbreeding and selection from Swiss stock mice by Dr. H. Nagasawa and co-workers (Meiji University, Tokyo, Japan), harbored an endogenous mammary tumor virus (MTV) responsible for a high frequency of mammary tumors early in life. The locus was called "Mtv-4" and was only comparable with Mtv-2 of the GR mouse strain in its inducing capacity of mammary cancer. Molecular hybridization with 32P-labeled MTV complementary DNA showed that the characteristic Mtv-2 bands of the GR strain were absent in the SHN strain.
Effect of a preceding laser dermabrasion on the outcome of combined therapy with narrowband ultraviolet B and potent topical steroids for treating nonsegmental vitiligo in resistant localizations
Authors: W. Bayoumi, E. Fontas, L. Sillard, F. Le Duff, J.-P. Ortonne, P. Bahadoran, J.-P. Lacour, T. Passeron
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2011)

The treatment of vitiligo remains unsatisfactory.To assess in patients with vitiligo the effect of a laser dermabrasion in addition to the association of topical steroids and ultraviolet (UV) B in difficult-to-treat areas.This was a single-centre prospective randomized trial including patients with nonsegmental vitiligo who had at least two symmetrical lesions located on bony prominences and/or extremities. An erbium laser-assisted dermabrasion was first performed on one side (randomly assigned). After 48 h, hydrocortisone 17-butyrate cream applied daily for three periods of 3weeks followed by a 1-week steroid-free interval and narrowband UVB treatment was performed on both sides twice weekly for 12weeks. The evaluation was performed on standardized pictures by two physicians blinded to the type of treatment received. The criterion of success was a repigmentation of at least 50%, 1month after the end of the treatment.Eighteen patients were included (24 paired lesions treated). Two patients dropped out for personal reasons. Almost 50% of lesions achieved at least 50% repigmentation in the dermabrasion side while only 4·2% did so with topical steroids and UVB alone (P<10(-4) ). Side-effects were delayed healing, pain and two hypertrophic scars. The tolerance and patient satisfaction were 4·2 and 4/10 for the laser-treated side and 8·4 and 3/10 in the UVB+ steroids alone group, respectively.Laser dermabrasion significantly improves the repigmentation rate in vitiligo lesions. Despite a high rate of repigmentation in such difficult-to-treat areas the high rate of side-effects and the poor tolerance strongly limit its use in current practice.
The proportion of oesophageal adenocarcinoma patients with prior barrett's oesophagus: results from a large population based cohort
Authors: S. Bhat, H. G. Coleman, D. McManus, A. T. Gavin, L. J. Murray, B. T. Johnston
Journal: Gut (2011)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Barrett9s oesophagus (BO) is a premalignant condition that predisposes to oesophageal adenocarcinoma (OAC). BO is difficult to detect due to the asymptomatic nature of the condition. Prognosis from OAC is generally poor and population screening for BO has been suggested in order to increase detection and surveillance of BO. To date there has been no population based study that determined the proportion of OAC patients who had a prior diagnosis of BO. The aim of this study was to estimate the proportion of OAC patients with a prior BO diagnosis and to compare outcomes of these patients with those having no prior diagnosis of BO. <h3>Methods</h3> The Northern Ireland Barrett9s register (NIBR) is a large population based register hosted within the Northern Ireland Cancer registry (NICR) of all patients in Northern Ireland diagnosed with BO between 1993 and 2005. Data on all patients diagnosed with OAC between 2003 and 2005 were obtained from the NICR database. This data was matched to the NIBR to identify patients with OAC that had a prior diagnosis of BO. Mortality data until the end of December 2008 was obtained through the Northern Ireland Registrar General9s office. Patients undergoing surgical resection were identified through hospital episode statistics. Survival analysis was conducted comparing cancer cases with or without a prior BO diagnosis. <h3>Results</h3> 487 patients were diagnosed with OAC in Northern Ireland between 2003 and 2005. Male: Female ratio 2.7:1. A total of 34 patients had a prior diagnosis of BO (6.9%). OAC patients with a prior BO diagnosis were younger at OAC diagnosis than those without (mean age 68.4 years vs 70.1 years); this difference however was not significant (p=0.42). OAC patients with prior BO were significantly more likely to have undergone surgical resection than those without (41.2% vs 20.8%; p=0.006). Adjusted survival analysis showed that OAC patients with prior BO had a reduced risk of death compared to those with no prior BO. <h3>Conclusion</h3> The proportion of OAC patients with prior clinically detected BO is small. The significant difference seen in surgical resection rates between the groups suggests that patients with prior BO are detected at an earlier OAC stage than those without. Survival analysis suggesting a survival advantage for those with prior BO is likely to be influenced by both lead time and length time bias. Current strategies for the detection of BO in the population identify only a small proportion of those that eventually progress to adenocarcinoma.
A prospective evaluation of different anthropometric height estimation formula
Authors: Solene Guinard, Zoe Chiche, Jérome Martin, Erwan L'Her
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

It is now accepted that protective ventilation with low (6ml/kg of predictive body weight) tidal volume beneficiates to ARDS patient.To determinate predictive body weight, the gender and height of patients have to be known. However, in the ED or in the ICU, patients are often unable to provide their height and tape measurement is usually not valid. The purpose of this study is to evaluate different easy and reproducible anthropometric indicators, which could be correlated to the exact patients' height.

Several indicators have been prospectively evaluated on 60 healthy volunteers and correlated to their real height. Height evaluation formula are based on different simple measurements correlation coefficient (r) was calculated by linear regression as compared to exact measured height.

Results: See table 1. Among 16 anthropometric different height estimation formula, ulna's length and tibia's length were best correlated with the real volunteers' height.

View this table:

Table 1. Correlation between real height and anthropometric indicators (we have only colligated each limb's best formula in this table enhance readability)





Discussion: Several simple limb measurements can accurately predict exact patients' height. These estimations have now to be tested on ICU patients, in order to evaluate their bedside feasibility and usefulness.
Predictors and Impact of Myocardial Injury After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement
Authors: Henrique B. Ribeiro, Luis Nombela-Franco, Antonio J. Muñoz-García, Pedro Alves Lemos, Ignacio Amat-Santos, Vicenç Serra, Fabio S. de Brito, Alexandre Abizaid, Rogério Sarmento-Leite, Rishi Puri, Asim N. Cheema, Marc Ruel, Fabian Nietlispach, Francesco Maisano, Cesar Moris, Raquel del Valle, Marina Urena, Omar Abdul Jawad Altisent, Maria del Trigo, Francisco Campelo-Parada, Pilar Jimenez Quevedo, Juan H. Alonso-Briales, Hipólito Gutiérrez, Bruno García del Blanco, Marco Antonio Perin, Dimytri Siqueira, Guilherme Bernardi, Éric Dumont, Melanie Côté, Philippe Pibarot, Josep Rodés-Cabau
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2015)
Clinical trials using novel molecular imaging cancer biomarkers: Current status and future directions
Authors: David A. Mankoff
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract The ability to assay cancer biologic features is key to advances in the both the basic biomedical science and clinical patient care. Advances in our ability to assay molecular processes including gene expression, protein expression, and molecular and cellular biochemistry have fueled recent advances in our understanding of many diseases and our ability to treat them. Most assays require sampling of cells or tissue to perform the measurements. Thus the cell culture system, animal model, or patient must be perturbed in order to perform the assay. This requirement makes serial assays over time more difficult and leaves open the possibility that the assay itself may change the state of the system being measured. The ability to measure biologic processes without perturbing them would be highly desirable and would offer complementary information to that obtained by most traditional assay methods. The ability to image regional biochemistry and molecular biology, termed molecular imaging [1,2] offers great promise in using molecular imaging as a cancer biomarker. Quantitative capability is an important feature of molecular imaging, for example, the ability to measure regional tumor receptor expression. The quantitative and non-invasive nature of molecular imaging makes it a potentially very powerful tool for cancer drug development and testing and for translational science [3]. This talk will review the use of molecular imaging as a biomarker, particular positron emission tomography (PET). Examples will be shown using PET imaging to (1) provide prognostic information based upon in vivo measures of cancer differentiation and aggressiveness, (2) measure the regional expression of possible therapeutic targets, (3) provide early assessment of response to therapy. Current clinical trials involving PET as a cancer biomarker will be reviewed, including those using PET radiopharmaceuticals beyond 18F-fluoridexoyglucose (FDG) [3, 4]. The spectrum of current trials will be discussed, with an emphasis on current NCI and ACRIN clinical trials of novel imaging probes, and an eye towards matching future trials of targeted cancer therapy with companion molecular imaging trials.
Abstract 14484: Elimination of Localized Source Rhythms For Human Atrial Fibrillation is Highly Cost Effective
Authors: Ruchir Sehra, Timothy Kofol, Edward Kerslake, Amy Siegel, David Krummen, Sanjiv M Narayan
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Introduction: In animals, AF is sustained by localized electrical rotors or focal beats (drivers), yet the existence of such sources is disputed in humans. We hypothesized that ablating these local...
Recurrent CDKN1B (p27) mutations in hairy cell leukemia
Authors: Sascha Dietrich, Jennifer Hüllein, Stanley Chun-Wei Lee, Barbara Hutter, David Gonzalez, Sandrine Jayne, Martin J. S. Dyer, Małgorzata Oleś, Monica Else, Xiyang Liu, Mikołaj Słabicki, Bian Wu, Xavier Troussard, Jan Dürig, Mindaugas Andrulis, Claire Dearden, Christof von Kalle, Martin Granzow, Anna Jauch, Stefan Fröhling, Wolfgang Huber, Manja Meggendorfer, Torsten Haferlach, Anthony D. Ho, Daniela Richter, Benedikt Brors, Hanno Glimm, Estella Matutes, Omar Abdel Wahab, Thorsten Zenz
Journal: Blood (2015)
Smoking cessation in acute medical units - what group of patients benefit the most?
Authors: Alexander Sarnowski, Tamina Khalil, William Fleming-Nouri, Ka-Wing Ng, Aimee Field, Chakravorty Indranil
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Background - 5% of smokers quit smoking with no intervention from healthcare professionals. The rate of successful cessation is known to peak at up to 78% post acute admission to hospital. This time is known to be key moment for the introduction of smoking cessation advice and must be utilized to help patients. However, do different groups of patients respond differently to brief intervention?  Method - Smokers admitted to the Acute Medical Unit of St George9s Hospital were questioned about their smoking habits and co-morbidities. A brief intervention, in the form of a interview with medical students was conducted and patients were given the DOH/NHS stop smoking handbook. Patients were followed up at one month to assess any change in their smoking habits.  Results - 61 patients were recruited into this study. 67% were male with a mean age of 54 years. Cause of admission was 26% respiratory,15% cardiovascular, 21% Gastrointestinal,10% substance abuse and 28% other. Median number of cigarettes smoked was 10 a day (range 1 - 60), average fagerstrom test value was 3. At one month follow up 56% patients responded (n=32), 17% (n=3) have been smoke free with a further 28% (n=5) cutting down the number smoked a day. Those who benefited were younger (Average age 42), smoked less (average 10 a day) and had a lower fagerstorm test value (average of 2.63) compared to those who did not stop/reduce their smoking (57 years, 37 cigarettes smoked a day with a fagerstrom test value of 3.16)  Conclusion - Brief intervention has been beneficial in motivating patients to consider smoking cessation. Those who benefit most from this form of intervention are more likely to be younger and smoke less cigarettes a day.
The influence of overweight/obesity on asthma symptoms among Dutch children
Authors: M. Willeboordse, D. van den Bersselaar, K.D. van de Kant, J.W.M. Muris, C.P. van Schayck, E. Dompeling
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Background: Overweight has been identified as a risk factor for the development and the severity of asthma in children. The prevalence of overweight in children had been increasing more rapidly in certain areas of Southern Limburg compared to the other Dutch provinces. The aim of this study was to assess the influence of overweight and obesity on the prevalence of asthma symptoms in Southern Limburg, the Netherlands.

Methods: Parents of 39,316 children (6 - 16 years) in Southern Limburg were invited to complete an online questionnaire. The questionnaire consisted of the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) questionnaire (Asher, MI. et al. Clin Exp Allergy 1998 : 28 Suppl 5: 52-66), and additional questions about anthropometric variables, risk factors for asthma, and social environment. Corrections were made for the following confounders: sex, age, ethnic background, tobacco smoke exposure, birth delivery, family history of asthma, birth weight and breast feeding of the mother during pregnancy.

Results: The response rate was 23.7% (n= 9,309). The prevalence of asthma, overweight and obesity was respectively 7.7%, 15.2% and 2.5%. A high Body Mass Index Standard Deviation Score (BMI-SDS) was significantly related to the prevalence of current asthma (adjusted OR= 1.10, 95%C.I.= 1.03-1.18, p<0.01). Also “current wheezing symptoms” were related to a high BMI-SDS, (adjusted OR=1.10, 95%C.I.= 1.02-1.19, p=0.02). Dry cough at night was not associated with BMI-SDS (adjusted OR=1.01, 95%C.I.= 0.97-1.07, p=0.53).

Conclusion: There is a slight but statistically significant positive association between BMI SDS and asthma in children in Southern Limburg, the Netherlands.
Occupational asthma due to cleaning agents
Authors: Olivier Vandenplas, Vinciane D'Alpaos, Geneviève Evrard, François Huaux, Joël Thimpont
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Objectives:  To assess the pattern of bronchial responses to cleaning agents during specific inhalation challenges (SICs) in subjects with cleaning-related asthma symptoms at work.   Methods:  A retrospective review of 44 subjects who completed a SIC with the cleaning/disinfecting products suspected of causing work-related asthma.   Results:  Challenge exposure to cleaning agents elicited a ≥20% fall in FEV 1  in 17 (39%) subjects. The products that induced a positive SIC contained quaternary ammonium compounds (n=10), glutaraldehyde (n=3), both of these agents (n=1), and ethanolamines (n=2). Positive SICs were associated with a significant decrease in the median (interquartile range) value of the provocative concentration of histamine causing a 20% fall in FEV 1  (PC 20 ) from 1.4 (0.2-4.2) mg/ml at baseline to 0.5 (0.4-3.0) mg/ml after the challenge and a significant increase in sputum eosinophils from 1.8 (0.8-7.2)% at baseline to 10.0 (4.1-15.9)% 7 hours after the challenge exposure while these parameters did not significantly change in subjects with a negative SIC. Overall, 11 of the 17 subjects with positive SICs showed either a >3-fold decrease in post-challenge histamine PC 20  value, a >2% increase in sputum eosinophils, or both of these outcomes.   Conclusions:  These data indicate that a substantial proportion of workers who experience asthma symptoms related to cleaning materials show a pattern of bronchial reaction consistent with sensitizer-induced occupational asthma. The results also suggest that quaternary ammonium compounds are the principal cause of sensitize-induced OA among cleaners.
COPD assessment test (CAT) in the evaluation of COPD
Authors: Virginia Almadana, Jesus Sanchez, Ana Gómez-Bastero, Agustín Valido, María Pavón, Teodoro Montemayor
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the correlation of CAT with other specific questionnaires and with clinical/functional parameters.METHODS:A prospective study analyzing DOSE, BODE and BODEX index,GOLD stage,quality of life questionnaires(SGRQ,CRQ and CAT) and number of exacerbations-year (no ex-years),dividing patients into non-exacerbator( /=2) were done.RESULTS: No differences in general variables were found.Analyzing the correlation between CAT and CRC/SGRG we found a significant correlation(CAT/SGRQ r = 0.70; CAT/CRC r = -0.66, p  No significant differences between stages of severity or prognosis and scores on CAT,except for GOLD stages,were found.  CONCLUSIONS:1.Correlation of CAT with other quality of life questionnaires is moderate.2.SGRQ and CRQ appreciate better clinical and prognostic variables.While CAT is more easily applied in daily practice,does not discriminate between different situations or serious prognosis,except in extreme stages of GOLD.
No effect of 96-hour paclitaxel infusion in patients with relapsed non-Hodgkin's lymphoma refractory to a 3-hour infusion schedule.
Authors: A Younes, J P Ayoub, F B Hagemeister, P McLaughlin, A Sarris, M A Rodriguez, F Swan, J E Romaguera, J Martin, F Cabanillas
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1996)

Preclinical data suggest that the efficacy of paclitaxel (Taxol; Bristol-Myers Squibb Co, Princeton, NJ) is schedule-dependent. Schedule dependency is currently under investigation in ongoing randomized trials.Twelve patients with relapsed non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) refractory to a 3-hour infusion of 200 mg/m2 Taxol were crossed over to receive a 96-hour infusion of 140 mg/m2 Taxol every 3 weeks in an outpatient setting. Premedication with corticosteroids and antihistamines was not used. Patients who did not achieve at least a partial remission (PR) after two courses or whose disease progressed after one course were removed from the study.All 12 patients were assessable for response. Eleven patients received at least two courses and one patient received one course of 96-hour Taxol infusion. None of the 12 patients crossed over to receive 96-hour Taxol infusion achieved a PR or complete response (CR). Eight patients (67%) developed progressive lymphoma, three (25%) had stable disease, and only one (8%) had a minor response. No major hypersensitivity reactions or life-threatening toxicities were observed.Ninety-six-hour Taxol infusion does not produce significant responses in patients with NHL refractory to 3-hour Taxol infusion. Until the results of an ongoing multicenter trial comparing a 3- with a 96-hour infusion are published, the use of 96-hour Taxol infusion in NHL patients should be restricted to investigational programs. Because 48- to 72-hour infusions can produce higher plasma concentrations of Taxol than a 96-hour infusion, these schedules should be investigated to determine if they can induce better clinical responses.