tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Anabolic‐Androgenic steroid abuse in weight lifters: Evidence for activation of the hemostatic system
Authors: Gary S. Ferenchick, Shinchirou Hirokawa, Eberhard F. Mammen, Kenneth A. Schwartz
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1995)

Abstract Anabolic‐androgenic steroid abuse has recently been linked with acute vascular events in athletes. To date, the relationship between steroid abuse and the potential for cardiovascular disease has been considered almost exclusively in terms of lipid metabolism. However, recent reports of thrombosis in androgen abusing athletes with no evidence of atherosclerosis suggests the hypothesis that thrombosis risk in such athletes could be mediated through androgen induced abnormalities of coagulation. To determine if anabolic‐androgenic steroid abuse in weight lifters is associated with an activation of the hemostatic system we studied forty‐nine weight lifters recruited through advertisements. History of androgen use or abstinence was confirmed via urine assays. Plasma was assayed for clotting and fibrinolytic activity by measuring thrombin/ antithrombin complexes (TAT), prothrombin fragment 1 + 2 (F1 + 2), and D‐dimers (D‐di); markers of the endothelial based fibrinolytic components were assayed by measuring tissue plasminogen activator antigen (t‐PA Ag) and its inhibitor (PAI‐1); finally, the activity of antithrombin III, protein C, and protein S were measured. Abnormally high concentrations of TAT complexes were noted in 16% of our confirmed steroid using weight lifters compared to 6% of our confirmed nonusers ( P = .01). Steroid users also demonstrated abnormally high concentrations of F1 + 2 and D‐dimers when compared to nonusers (44 vs. 24%, P &lt; .001, and 9 vs. 0%, respectively). Non‐steriod users were more likely to have elevated levels of t‐PA Ag and PAI‐1 than our steroid using weight lifters (both P &lt; .001). The activities of antithrombin III and protein S were more likely to be higher in users compared to nonusers (22 vs. 6%, P = .005; 19 vs. 0%, respectively). Some anabolic‐androgenic steroid using weight lifters have an accelerated activation of their hemostatic system as evidenced by increased generation of both thrombin and plasmin. These changes could reflect a thrombotic diathesis that may contribute to vascular occlusion reported in young athletes using these drugs. The predictive value of these coagulation abnormalities in terms of risk of thrombosis to individual steroid using weight lifters or the population as a whole remains to be studied. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
European survey of fertility.
Authors: J Purrmann, B Miller, G Strohmeyer
Journal: Gut (1986)

contrary, several studies4 7 X firmly discredit such relationships.Neither have they disproved the view that, in the presence of a flat mucosa,9-" a high mitotic index (>0-2%) is a helpful, prospective index of untreated coeliac disease.The material studied lacked the appropriate disease controls necessary to challenge that assertion.
Violations Probed at NIEHS, NTP
Authors: Bridget M. Kuehn
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Treating Vaginal Trichomoniasis with Metronidazole
Authors: H. Close Hesseltine
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Metronidazole (Flagyl), an investigational drug, was administered by mouth to more than 300 patients with trichomoniasis. At least 203 of these patients were cured by a single course of treatment, the drug being administered as one 250-mg tablet with each of three meals daily for 10 days. At this dosage, no adverse neurological reactions were observed; urinary complications, including the urinary pigmentation reported by others, did not occur in this series, and the only hematological effects were transient changes in the white blood cell counts. Of 21 patients who were not cured by the first course, 11 were cured by a second and 5 by a third course; 5 remained carriers and, though free from symptoms, were kept under observation. The authors advise against use of the drug during pregnancy and against treatment of the husband unless an examination indicates the need for therapy.
How Protein Deficiency Enhances Cellular Immunity
Authors: David G. Jose
Journal: JAMA (1971)

The classic historical association between famine and pestilence<sup>1</sup>and the depression of serum γ-globulin levels in severe malnutrition noted by Cannon (1942)<sup>2</sup>gave rise to a general concept that malnutrition depresses both host resistance and immune responses. In two classic reviews of the interaction between nutrition and infection<sup>3,4</sup>malnutrition of any severity was noted to act synergistically with infection by most classes of bacteria, particularly the pyogenic pathogens, but occasional antagonistic effects occurred with<i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Pasteurella pestis</i>, and some salmonellae. The antagonistic effects of malnutrition were also noted with several viruses and protozoal infections. Striking decreases in the incidence of spontaneous tumors and marked slowing in local and metastatic spread of established malignant neoplasms in chronically malnourished animals was first reported by Moreschi (1909)<sup>5</sup>and Rous (1914).<sup>6</sup>These findings have been confirmed for many tumor types in rodents and cattle and accompany reduction of
Limitations on Physical Performance and Daily Activities among Long-Term Survivors of Childhood Cancer
Authors: Kirsten K. Ness, Ann C. Mertens, Melissa M. Hudson, Melanie M. Wall, Wendy M. Leisenring, Kevin C. Oeffinger, Charles A. Sklar, Leslie L. Robison, James G. Gurney
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2005)

Survivors of childhood cancer may experience important disease- and treatment-related late effects, including functional limitations.This study evaluated performance limitations and restricted abilities to participate in personal care, to engage in routine activities like shopping or housework, and to attend work or school (participation restrictions) in a cohort of survivors of childhood cancer.Epidemiologic survey and 26 institutions that treat childhood cancer.Participants included 11 481 persons who were treated for primary brain cancer, leukemia, Hodgkin disease, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, kidney tumor, neuroblastoma, soft-tissue sarcoma, or malignant bone tumor before the age of 21 years and who survived at least 5 years after diagnosis. The comparison group included 3839 siblings of survivors of childhood cancer.Medical data were abstracted, and participants or parents (if the participants were <18 years of age at survey completion) completed a 24-page questionnaire.Compared with siblings, survivors were more likely to report performance limitations (risk ratio, 1.8 [95% CI, 1.7 to 2.0]) and to report restricted participation in personal care skills (risk ratio, 4.7 [CI, 3.0 to 7.2]), routine activities (risk ratio, 4.7 [CI, 3.6 to 6.2]), and the ability to attend work or school (risk ratio, 5.9 [CI, 4.5 to 7.6]). Survivors of brain (26.6%) and bone (36.9%) cancer were most likely to report performance limitations, restricted ability to do routine activities (20.9% and 8.5%, respectively), and restricted ability to attend work or school (20.0% and 11.2%, respectively). Survivors of brain cancer were also most likely to report restricted abilities to perform personal care (10.5%).There was the potential for participants to be healthier or more physically capable than nonparticipants or for persons to be more motivated to participate in this study if they had functional deficits. In addition, the nature of the questionnaire did not allow specific physical limitations to be measured.Long-term survivors of childhood cancer are at increased risk for functional limitations in physical performance and in participation in activities needed for daily living.
Delirium in Older Persons
Authors: Sharon K. Inouye
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2006)

The prevalence of delirium increases sharply with age, and about 20 percent of older patients have delirium at the time of hospital admission for any reason. This review summarizes the clinical manifestations of and risk factors for delirium and the evaluation of patients with this condition. It includes an update on the current understanding of the pathogenesis of delirium and provides guidance regarding practical measures to prevent this common complication.
A CASE OF ACUTE, NON-TRAUMATIC, MULTIPLE OSTEO-MYELITISPRODUCED BY THE STREPTOCOCCUS, OCCURRING IN A MALE ADULT.
Authors: JOHN T. BOTTOMLEY
Journal: JAMA (1903)

<h3>NARRATION OF CASE.</h3> A. H. C., 43 years old, a theatrical manager, was born in France, lived most of his life in England, and had been five years in this country. His family history was negative. His previous history up to 1892 was not noteworthy. Though he had led an irregular life, with much excitement, travel and exposure, he had always been strong and robust. Venereal infection was denied; a moderate use of alcohol admitted. About 20 years ago he broke his left tibia at the junction of the lower and middle thirds, but it had given him no bother since. Ten years ago he had an attack of "left-sided pleurisy" which lasted about six weeks. Though he soon recovered his normal weight and strength, he has since then had more or less pain in his left chest, a harassing cough, an almost constant bloody expectoration and the lower lobe
Differentiation of Epidermis and Epidermal Derivatives
Authors: Norman K. Wessells
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1967)

THIS paper is a selective and speculative review about some phases of skin biology. One of its purposes is to show how the technics of experimental embryology have been and can be adapted to investigation of the skin. The paper is not intended to be a comprehensive source of information on epidermis and epidermal derivatives, since a seemingly endless number of symposia, monographs and texts fulfill that function.The study of skin and its maturation is intriguing from many points of view. As a tissue with a permanent germinal population that produces differentiating cells, the epidermis provides a model system . . .
Adrenergic Signaling Controls RGK-Dependent Trafficking of Cardiac Voltage-Gated L-Type Ca <sup>2+</sup> Channels Through PKD1
Authors: Bong Sook Jhun, Jin O-Uchi, Weiye Wang, Chang Hoon Ha, Jinjing Zhao, Ji Young Kim, Chelsea Wong, Robert T. Dirksen, Coeli M.B. Lopes, Zheng Gen Jin
Journal: Circulation Research (2011)

The Rad-Gem/Kir-related family (RGKs) consists of small GTP-binding proteins that strongly inhibit the activity of voltage-gated calcium channels. Among RGKs, Rem1 is strongly and specifically expressed in cardiac tissue. However, the physiological role and regulation of RGKs, and Rem1 in particular, are largely unknown.To determine if Rem1 function is physiologically regulated by adrenergic signaling and thus impacts voltage-gated L-type calcium channel (VLCC) activity in the heart.We found that activation of protein kinase D1, a protein kinase downstream of α(1)-adrenergic signaling, leads to direct phosphorylation of Rem1 at Ser18. This results in an increase of the channel activity and plasma membrane expression observed by using a combination of electrophysiology, live cell confocal microscopy, and immunohistochemistry in heterologous expression system and neonatal cardiomyocytes. In addition, we show that stimulation of α(1)-adrenergic receptor-protein kinase D1-Rem1 signaling increases transverse-tubule VLCC expression that results in increased L-type Ca(2+) current density in adult ventricular myocytes.The α(1)-adrenergic stimulation releases Rem1 inhibition of VLCCs through direct phosphorylation of Rem1 at Ser18 by protein kinase D1, resulting in an increase of the channel activity and transverse-tubule expression. Our results uncover a novel molecular regulatory mechanism of VLCC trafficking and function in the heart and provide the first demonstration of physiological regulation of RGK function.
Vasopressin resistance in chronic renal failure. Evidence for the role of decreased V2 receptor mRNA.
Authors: I Teitelbaum, S McGuinness
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1995)

Studies were performed to determine the mechanism underlying deficient arginine vasopressin (AVP)-stimulated adenylyl cyclase activity in chronic renal failure (CRF). As compared to control, principal cells cultured from the inner medullary collecting tubule of rats previously made uremic by 5/6 nephrectomy fail to accumulate cAMP when stimulated with AVP. CRF cells do respond normally to forskolin or cholera toxin and the defect in AVP responsiveness is not prevented by treatment with pertussis toxin, by cyclooxygenase inhibition, or by inhibition or down-regulation of protein kinase C. In contrast to their lack of responsiveness to AVP, CRF cells respond normally to other agonists of adenylyl cyclase such as isoproterenol or prostaglandin E2. Plasma membranes prepared from the inner medullae of CRF rats exhibit a marked decrease in apparent AVP receptor number but no change in the apparent number of beta adrenergic receptors. Reverse transcriptase PCR of total RNA from the inner medullae of CRF animals reveals virtual absence of V2 receptor mRNA; mRNA for alpha s is present in normal abundance. These studies indicate that AVP resistance in CRF is due, at least in part, to selective down-regulation of the V2 receptor as a consequence of decreased V2 receptor mRNA.
Assessment of QT Dispersion for Prediction of Mortality or Arrhythmic Events After Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Markus Zabel, Thomas Klingenheben, Michael R. Franz, Stefan H. Hohnloser
Journal: Circulation (1998)

Background —Risk stratification by means of analysis of QT dispersion (QTD) in the 12-lead surface ECG is under intense investigation in various patient populations. The aim of the present prospective study was to evaluate the prognostic value of QTD and other ECG variables reflecting dispersion of ventricular repolarization in comparison with established risk stratifiers during long-term follow-up in a large cohort of post–myocardial infarction patients treated according to contemporary therapeutic guidelines. Methods and Results —In 280 consecutive infarct survivors, the 12-lead ECG was optically scanned and digitized for analysis of QTD (QT max −QT min ) and 25 other repolarization variables, including recently developed and validated parameters such as the T peak–to–T end interval and the area under the T wave. In addition, a variety of established risk stratifiers were assessed. After a mean follow-up period of 32±10 months, 30 patients reached one of the prospectively defined study end points (death, ventricular tachycardia, or resuscitated ventricular fibrillation). Comparisons between event and nonevent patients by means of Kaplan-Meier event probability analyses revealed that none of the ECG dispersion variables were of discriminative value. In contrast, variables such as left ventricular ejection fraction ( P =0.007), mean 24-hour heart rate ( P =0.022), or heart rate variability ( P =0.007) proved to be potentially useful risk stratifiers in this patient population. On multivariate analysis, only LVEF, heart rate variability, and a history of thrombolysis were independent predictors of outcome. Conclusions —Determination of QTD from the surface ECG even when performed with the best available methodology failed to predict subsequent risk in this large series of infarct survivors.
USE OF SULFATHIAZOLE IN STAPHYLOCOCCIC MENINGITIS WITH RECOVERY
Authors: Joseph F. Sadusk
Journal: JAMA (1941)

The seriousness of staphylococcic meningitis is well known, and only scattered reports of recovery from this condition, numbering less than a dozen, have appeared in the literature. The methods of treatment have consisted of simple cisternal drainage,<sup>1</sup>bacteriophage therapy,<sup>2</sup>administration of gentian violet,<sup>3</sup>sulfanilamide (or azosulfamide) therapy,<sup>4</sup>or combinations of these methods. Recently Dietel and Kaiser<sup>5</sup>made note of the recovery of a child with staphylococcic meningitis following therapy with sulfathiazole. Sulfathiazole, synthesized by Fosbinder and Walter<sup>6</sup>and Lott and Bergeim<sup>7</sup>has attracted attention in the clinical treatment of staphylococcic infections<sup>8</sup>and its efficacy against the staphylococcus has been attested experimentally by in vivo<sup>9</sup>and in vitro<sup>10</sup>methods. It has been recently shown<sup>11</sup>in this clinic, however, that sulfathiazole, unlike the other sulfonamide derivatives, does not readily diffuse into the noninflammatory cerebrospinal fluid. This finding immediately suggested the possible
Lord Smith of Marlow John Aitken James ("Jimmy") George Ledingham Robert ("Bob") Murray Arthur Salmon ("Sam") Wigfield John Frederick Wilkinson
Authors: H. Ellis, D G Young, J Carnduff, J. Munro, W M Dixon, C. Wigfield, C D R Pengelly, C G Geary
Journal: BMJ (1999)

a remarkable career as a surgeon, teacher, and administrator.After a distinguished time as a student at St Thomas's, where he also excelled at cricket (playing for the Surrey County 2nd XI), he embarked on a surgical career, training partly under the formidable and eccentric Philip Mitchener.
IMPACT OF TRIPLE ANTIPLATELET THERAPY ON ANGIOGRAPHIC RESTENOSIS AFTER DRUG-ELUTING STENTS: RESULTS FROM POOLED ANALYSIS OF DECLARE TRIALS
Authors: Seung-Whan Lee, Seung Mo Kang, Young-Rak Cho, Gyung-Min Park, Jung-Min Ahn, Jong-Young Lee, Won-Jang Kim, Soo-Jin Kang, Duk-Woo Park, Young-Hak Kim, Cheol Whan Lee, Seong-Wook Park, Seung-Jung Park
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Hyperthyroidism after cholecystography.
Authors: B J Fairhurst, N Naqvi
Journal: BMJ (1975)

patients.In 146 patients the channel curved, making a wall visible which was superior in 19, posterosuperior in 23, posterior in 10, posteroinferior in 12, inferior in 20, anteroinferior in 37, anterior in 16, and anterosuperior in nine.Duodenal ulcers or scars were identified in 34 patients; they occupied the centre of the visible field in nine and lay superiorly in one, posteriorly in 12, and anteriorly in 12.
Genetic Predisposition to Cancer
Authors: D. M Eccles
Journal: BMJ (1996)

Ed R A Eeles, B A J Ponder, D F Easton, A Horwich Chapman and Hall, £60, pp 432 ISBN 0412 565 803

Referrals for advice about genetic predisposition to cancer have increased exponentially in almost all regional genetics centres across Britain, reflecting increasing public awareness of the association between a family history of cancer and a personal increase in risk. In almost any specialty, but particularly those concerned closely with cancer, doctors need at least a working knowledge of how genes can predispose to cancer, when it might be appropriate to refer patients to clinical genetics services for further investigation or advice, what …
National Institutes of Health Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index (NIH-CPSI) Symptom Evaluation in Multinational Cohorts of Patients with Chronic Prostatitis/Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome
Authors: Florian M.E. Wagenlehner, J.W. Olivier van Till, Vittorio Magri, Gianpaolo Perletti, Jos G.A. Houbiers, Wolfgang Weidner, J. Curtis Nickel
Journal: European Urology (2012)
Increased cerebral blood flow after leukapheresis for acute myelogenous leukemia
Authors: Margaret T. Kasner, Adrienne Laury, Scott E. Kasner, Martin Carroll, Selina M. Luger
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2007)

Leukapheresis is often considered in the management of acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) with hyperleukocytosis and its sequelae, including myocardial infarction, pulmonary complications, and stroke. It is utilized on the assumption that leukapheresis improves blood rheology. We present a woman with AML and a history of meningioma encasing her left internal carotid artery. She presented with hyperleukocytosis and symptoms of ischemia. As her white blood cell continued to rise despite initiation of hydroxyurea therapy, she underwent leukapheresis emergently. Transcranial Doppler ultrasound demonstrated increased flow velocities in the left internal carotid and the right middle cerebral arteries, which normalized after leukapheresis. This is the first documentation that leukapheresis, in combination with hydroxyurea, improves cerebral hemodynamics in a patient with AML.
Cerebral Blood Flow on 99mTc Ethyl Cysteinate Dimer SPECT in 2 Siblings With Monocarboxylate Transporter 8 Deficiency
Authors: Masahide Goto, Kimiteru Ito, Nobuhiko Okamoto, Noriko Sato, Masayuki Sasaki
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2012)

Two siblings with psychomotor retardation, congenital hypotonia, spasticity, and no speech acquisition underwent MRI and Tc ethyl cysteinate dimer SPECT imaging. The SPECT images showed a reduction in regional cerebral blood flow in the bilateral frontal cortex and cerebellum in both cases. T2-weighted and fluid attenuated inversion recovery images obtained using MRI showed delayed myelination and cortical atrophy in mainly the frontal lobes. Based on the MRI findings, the abnormal serum levels of thyroid hormone, and the gene mutation, the siblings were diagnosed as having monocarboxylate transporter 8 deficiency. A reduction in regional cerebral blood flow, as observed using SPECT, may be a common feature of monocarboxylate transporter 8 deficiency.
The “Perivascular Pump” Driven by Arterial Pulsation Is a Powerful Mechanism for the Distribution of Therapeutic Molecules within the Brain
Authors: Piotr Hadaczek, Yoji Yamashita, Hanna Mirek, Laszlo Tamas, Martha C. Bohn, Charles Noble, John W. Park, Krystof Bankiewicz
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

We investigated the movement of interstitially infused macromolecules within the central nervous system (CNS) in rats with high and low blood pressure (BP)/heart rate and in rats euthanized immediately before infusion (no heart action). Adeno-associated virus 2 (AAV2), fluorescent liposomes, or bovine serum albumin was infused into rat striatum (six hemispheres per group) by convection-enhanced delivery (CED). After infusion, distribution volumes were evaluated. The rats with high BP/heart rate displayed a significantly larger distribution of the infused molecules within the injected site and more extensive transport of those molecules to the globus pallidus. This difference was particularly apparent for AAV2, for which a 16.5-fold greater distribution of viral capsids was observed in the rats with high BP/heart rate than in the rats with no heartbeat. Similar results were observed for liposomes, despite their larger diameter. The distribution of all infused molecules in all rats that had low or no blood flow was confined to the space around brain blood vessels. These findings show that fluid circulation within the CNS through the perivascular space is the primary mechanism by which viral particles and other therapeutic agents administered by CED are spread within the brain and that cardiac contractions power this process.