tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Prognostic significance of selected biomarkers in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, sarcoidosis, and chronic pulmonary obstructive disease
Authors: Martina Doubkova, Michal Karpisek, Jiri Mazoch, Jana Skrickova, Michael Doubek
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Identification of serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) biomarkers may facilitate diagnosis and prognostication in various lung disorders.  Serum and BALF levels of surfactant protein A (SP-A), surfactant protein D (SP-D), Clara cell protein 16 (CC16), S100 protein, trefoil factor 3 (TFF3), and prostatic secretory protein 94 (PSP94) were evaluated in 94 consecutive patients (idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF; n=18), sarcoidosis (n=25), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD; n=51)), and in 155 healthy controls. Biomarkers were measured at diagnosis and compared with disease characteristics.  Six significant correlations were found: 1) BALF TFF3 level was associated with HRCT interstitial score in IPF (P=0.052); 2) BALF PSP94 level with prognosis of sarcoidosis (P=0.035); 3) BALF SP-A level with pulmonary functions in IPF (P=0.032); 4) BALF SP-D and TT3 with IPF mortality (P=0.049 and 0.017, respectively); 5) serum TT3 level with COPD mortality (P=0.006,); and 6) serum SP-A was with pulmonary functions impairment in IPF (P=0.011). Moreover, our analysis showed that some biomarker levels have differed significantly among the diseases: 1) BALF SP-D level differed between sarcoidosis and IPF; 2) serum SP-A and S100 differed among IPF, sarcoidosis and COPD; 3) serum SP-D and TFF3 distinguished IPF and COPD patients from healthy controls; and 4) serum PSP94 distinguished COPD patients from healthy controls.  Our study shows that some of selected biomarkers should have prognostic value in analyzed lung disorders. On the other hand these biomarkers do not appear to be unequivocally suitable for differential diagnosis of these disorders.
Abstract 20246: Impact of Subclinical Hypothyroidism on Lipid and Lipoprotein Subclasses
Authors: Paulo H Harada, Julie E Buring, Samia Mora
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Background: It is uncertain whether subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) is associated with lipid abnormalities. Therefore, we examined a range of lipid and lipoprotein subclasses across the spectrum of euthyroid, SCH, and overt hypothyroidism (HT) in apparently healthy women free of CVD. Methods: A random sample of 3914 individuals from the Women’s Health Study was selected for thyroid function analysis. From this sample, 3321 individuals were not on lipid lowering therapy and had thyroid profiles compatible with euthyroid, 2571 (77.4%); SCH, 573 (17.3%); and HT, 177 (5.3%). Lipids were measured directly, and lipoprotein subclasses were measured by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Statistical comparison was performed by ANOVA, after adjusting for age, BMI, menopausal status, HRT, blood pressure, anti-hypertensive medication, diabetes, and current smoking. Results: Compared with euthyroid individuals, those with SCH and HT were older, had higher BMI, greater prevalence of post-menopausal status and me...
Reported food allergy to peanut, tree nuts and fruit: comparison of clinical manifestations, prescription of medication and impact on daily life
Authors: T. M. Le, T. M. Lindner, S. G. Pasmans, C. L. H. Guikers, E. Van Hoffen, C. A. F. M. Bruijnzeel‐Koomen, A. C. Knulst
Journal: Allergy (2008)

Background: Peanut (PN), tree nuts (TN) and fruits are frequent causes of food allergy (FA). Peanut and TN are believed to cause more severe reactions than fruits. However, there are no studies comparing the severity of PN, TN and fruit allergy within one patient group. Methods: Four‐hundred and eleven adult patients referred to our tertiary allergy center with suspicion of FA completed a standardized questionnaire. Patients with a typical history of immunoglubulin E (IgE)‐mediated allergy, e.g. oropharyngeal symptoms to PN, TN (hazelnut, walnut, cashew nut) or fruit (apple, kiwi, peach, pear and cherry) were recruited (218/411). The objective was to evaluate differences in clinical severity between PN, TN and fruit allergy and how this was reflected by prescription of emergency medication and impact on daily life. Results: Eighty‐two percent of the included 218 patients were sensitized to the respective foods. The percentages of severe symptoms (i.e. respiratory or cardiovascular symptoms) in PN, TN and fruit allergic patients were respectively 47%, 39% and 31% (respiratory) and 11%, 5.0% and 3.4% (cardiovascular). Prescription and use of emergency medication (epinephrine, antihistamines and steroids) did not differ among the three groups. The majority of patients with a PN or TN allergy (72%) and fruit allergy (62%) reported that FA influences their daily life considerably. Conclusions: Fruit allergy causes less severe symptoms than TN and especially PN allergy. However, this is not reflected in the prescription or use of emergency medication. This may indicate that physicians are not fully acquainted with the guidelines for prescription of emergency medication. A high impact on daily life was found both in PN, TN and in fruit allergy.
Abstract P030: Traditional Cultural Beliefs and Length of Residence in the United States are Associated With Dietary Intakes Among South Asians
Authors: Sameera A Talegawkar, Namratha R Kandula, Meghana D Gadgil, Dipika Desai, Alka M Kanaya
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Background: Studies of immigrants in the United States (U.S.) have shown mixed consequences of acculturation on diet and health outcomes. Detailed investigations examining diets of South Asians in the U.S. are lacking. Objective: To examine whether nutrient and food intakes among South Asians differ by traditional cultural beliefs and length of residence in the U.S. Methods: Cross-sectional analyses of data collected from 890 South Asians [mean age (SD): 55(9) y; 47% women] who were part of the Mediators of Atherosclerosis in South Asians Living in America (MASALA) Study. Dietary data were collected using an interviewer administered, validated, culturally appropriate food frequency questionnaire. Acculturation status was assessed by a South Asian traditional cultural beliefs scale which was categorized by tertiles as weak, moderate and strong beliefs, and by length of U.S. residence also categorized using tertiles. We computed daily adjusted mean intakes of selected nutrients across the traditional cultural beliefs and length of U.S. residence tertiles using ANCOVA. Final models were adjusted for age, sex, education, and daily energy intake. Differences in the consumption of foods and food groups (servings/week) between the groups were examined using the Kruskal-Wallis test. Results: Length of residence [mean 27 (10.8) y] in the U.S was directly associated with traditional cultural beliefs (P&lt;0.001). Higher daily intakes of total fat, saturated fat, and dietary cholesterol were associated with weak traditional cultural beliefs and a longer length of residence in the U.S. Higher daily intakes of energy, carbohydrate, glycemic index and load, and protein were associated with strong traditional beliefs and a shorter length of residence in the U.S (P for trend &lt;0.05). Weak traditional cultural beliefs and/or a longer length of residence in the U.S. were associated with higher weekly intakes of alcoholic beverages, meat, poultry, seafood and eggs, mixed dishes such as pizza and pasta, fats and oils, and lower intakes of beans and lentils, breads, grains and flour products, fried foods, milk and dairy products, nuts, rice and rice preparations and starchy vegetables (P for differences across groups &lt;0.05). Conclusions: Cultural beliefs and length of residence in the U.S. both influence dietary intakes of South Asian immigrants. Unlike other immigrants, more acculturation in South Asians is associated with higher intakes of fat and animal protein and lower intakes of refined carbohydrates. These factors should therefore be considered when investigating and planning dietary interventions among South Indians to mitigate chronic disease risk.
PROBABLE GENETIC PREDISPOSITION TO VIRAL PNEUMONIA
Authors: E H KOTIN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1947)

Article1 November 1947PROBABLE GENETIC PREDISPOSITION TO VIRAL PNEUMONIAEDWARD H. KOTIN, M.D.EDWARD H. KOTIN, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-27-5-738 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptObservations from time to time suggest unusual susceptibility among members of families to certain infectious diseases. Although it is often difficult to separate hereditary influences from environmental ones, the high incidence of tuberculosis, leprosy, colds,1 pneumonia,2 poliomyelitis and especially of rheumatic fever among persons of certain genetic groups seems to depend upon a combination of inherited susceptibility, environment and exposure to common sources or to each other. The following observation of a close succession of attacks of viral pneumonia among females in direct line of descendence seems to portray such an occurrence.The family group consisted of the grandparents, three...Bibliography1. SARGENTLOMBARDSARGENT FOMVW: Further studies on the stability of resistance to the common cold: the importance of constitution, Am. Jr. Hyg., 1947, xlv, 29-32. Google Scholar2. BECKER EG: Pneumonien bei Twillingen, Ztschr. f. Konst-Lehre, 1938, xxxviii, 77-95. Google Scholar3. REIMANN HA: Primary atypical pneumonias of viral origin or of unknown cause. Viral (virus) pneumonias, nonbacterial pneumonias, in Internal Medicine, by J. H. Musser, Ed. 4, 1945, 118-125. Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Philadelphia, Pennsylvania*Received for publication September 18, 1946.From the Department of Medicine of the Jefferson Medical College and Hospital, Philadelphia 7, Pa.Dr. H. A. Reimann gave advice and aided in the preparation of this manuscript. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 November 1947Volume 27, Issue 5Page: 738-739KeywordsGenetic predispositionHospital medicineInfectious diseasesLeprosyPneumoniaPoliomyelitisRheumatic feverViral pneumonia Issue Published: 1 November 1947 PDF downloadLoading ...
CONSERVATIVE TREATMENT IN OCCLUSIVE VASCULAR DISEASES OF THE EXTREMITIES: RESULTS IN 100 CASES
Authors: Samuel Perlow
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1934)

Article1 December 1934CONSERVATIVE TREATMENT IN OCCLUSIVE VASCULAR DISEASES OF THE EXTREMITIES: RESULTS IN 100 CASESSAMUEL PERLOW, M.D.SAMUEL PERLOW, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-8-6-741 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptIn the past few years the diagnosis and the treatment of peripheral circulatory diseases have received a great deal of attention in the medical literature. The methods of diagnosis have been fairly well established, but in the field of treatment, especially of the occlusive vascular diseases, there is still considerable controversy among the advocates of the various forms of therapy.There is no specific cure for vascular occlusion of the extremities. All that we can hope to do with our present methods of treatment is to aid the development of a sufficient collateral circulation in its race with the occlusion...Bibliography1. KOVACS R: Diathermy—its physics and clinical indications, Med. Jr. and Rec., 1926, cxxiv, 631-634. PERLOW, S.: Local diathermy in peripheral circulatory disturbances, Jr. Am. Med. Assoc., 1933, ci, 1869-1871. Google Scholar2. MADDOCKCOLLER WGFA: Peripheral vasoconstriction by tobacco and its relation to thromboangiitis obliterans, Ann. Surg., 1933, xcviii, 70-81. HARKAVY, J.: Skin reactions to tobacco antigen in smokers and non-smokers, Jr. Allergy, 1934, v, 131-134. SULZBERGER, M. B.: Recent immunologic studies in hypersensitivity to tobacco, Jr. Am. Med. Assoc., 1934, cii, 11-17. CrossrefGoogle Scholar3. BROWN GE: Treatment of peripheral vascular disturbances of the extremities, Jr. Am. Med. Assoc., 1926, lxxxvii, 379-383. CrossrefGoogle Scholar4. SCOTTMORTON WJJJ: The differentiation of peripheral arterial spasm and occlusion in ambulatory patients, Jr. Am. Med. Assoc., 1931, xcvii, 1212-1215. CrossrefGoogle Scholar5. PHILIPS HB: Roentgen-ray therapy in neurocirculatory diseases, Med. Jr. and Rec., 1928, cxxviii, 559; 627. BEALL, K. H., and JAGODA, S.: Irradiation of sympathetic ganglia, valuable therapeutic procedure, Texas State Jr. Med., 1930, xxvi, 279-280. Google Scholar6. PERLOW S: Surgical relief of pain in peripheral circulatory disturbances of the feet, Ill. Med. Jr., 1933, lxiii, 248-251. Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Chicago, Illinois*Read at the Chicago meeting of the American College of Physicians, April 19, 1934.From the Peripheral Circulatory Clinic of the Michael Reese Hospital. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 December 1934Volume 8, Issue 6Page: 741-746KeywordsHospitalsRacial and ethnic issuesVascular diseases ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 December 1934 PDF downloadLoading ...
Tolerability and efficacy of house dust mite AIT
Authors: H. Mosbech
Journal: Allergy (2011)

Sublingual immunotherapy based on grass pollen allergy immunotherapy tablets is an efficacious and well-tolerated treatment for rhinoconjunctivitis, and subcutaneous house dust mite (HDM) immunotherapy is effective against allergic asthma. Three studies have investigated a new ALK tablet for HDM allergy: two studies on tolerability in adults and children, and one on efficacy and safety in adults and adolescents with asthma. Treatment was well tolerated, mainly with mild-to-moderate local reactions pertaining to the administration site, such as temporary oral pruritus. The primary efficacy endpoint was a significant reduction in inhaled corticosteroid dose compared to baseline after 1 year of daily treatment. A positive therapeutic effect on asthma was demonstrated by a reduction of more than 80 μg/day inhaled budesonide for a group receiving six developmental units daily compared to the placebo group.
Drug points: Eosinophilic pneumonia induced by dapsone
Authors: D Jaffuel, B Lebel, D Hillaire-Buys, J Pene, P Godard, F-B Michel, J-P Blayac, J Bousquet, P Demolyi
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Pulmonary eosinophilia can be caused by numerous drugs and may be life threatening. To our knowledge, only one case of eosinophilic pneumonia associated with dapsone has been reported.1 We report a case of pulmonary eosinophilia induced by dapsone and confirmed by unintentional rechallenge with the drug.

A 60 year old woman with chronic urticaria was treated with dapsone (100 mg/day) in November 1994 because conventional treatment (H1 receptor antagonists and …
Abstract P174: Effects of Immediate Blood Pressure Reduction on Death and Major Disability in Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients According to Time from Onset to Treatment
Authors: Tan Xu, Yonghong Zhang, Yingxian Sun, Chung-Shiuan Chen, Jing Chen, Jiang He
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Introduction: Although elevated blood pressure (BP) is very common in patients with acute ischemic stroke, the management of hypertension among them remains controversial. Hypothesis: We tested the effects of immediate BP reduction on death and major disability at 14 days or hospital discharge and 3-month follow-up in patients with acute ischemic stroke according to time from stroke onset to initiation of antihypertensive treatment (&lt;12, 12-23, and ≥24 hours). Methods: The China Antihypertensive Trial in Acute Ischemic Stroke (CATIS) randomly assigned patients with ischemic stroke within 48 hours of onset and elevated systolic BP (SBP) to receive antihypertensive treatment (N=2,038) or to discontinue all antihypertensive medications (N=2,033) during hospitalization. Study outcomes were assessed at 14 days or hospital discharge and 3-month post-treatment follow-up. The primary outcome was death and major disability (modified Rankin Scale score≥3), and secondary outcomes included recurrent stroke and vascular events. Results: Mean SBP was reduced 12.7% in the antihypertensive treatment group and 7.2% in the control group within 24 hours after randomization (P&lt;0.001). Mean SBP was 137.3 mmHg in the antihypertensive treatment group and 146.5 in the control group at day 7 after randomization (P&lt;0.001). At 14 days or hospital discharge, the primary and secondary outcomes were not significantly different between treatment and control groups according to time from onset to treatment. At the 3-month follow-up, death or major disability (odds ratio 0.73, 95% CI 0.55-0.97, p=0.03), recurrent stroke (odds ratio 0.24, 95% CI 0.08-0.72, p=0.01), and vascular events (odds ratio 0.41, 95% CI 0.18-0.96, p=0.04) were significantly reduced in the antihypertensive treatment group among participants with time from stroke onset to treatment initiation ≥24 hours only. Conclusion: Among patients with acute ischemic stroke, BP reduction with antihypertensive medications might reduce 3-month death and major disability, recurrent stroke, and vascular events among those who initiated antihypertensive treatment after 24 hours from stroke onset.
Abstract 3957: Analyzing the effects of radiotherapy on the metastatic phenotype: a role for combined therapeutic approaches incorporating Src and PI3K targeting
Authors: Emily J. Rowling, Brian Telfer, Paul Elvin, Kaye J. Williams
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Background: Radiotherapy is used in the treatment of over 50% of cancer patients. Although seen as a positive intervention, there are reports of radiation enhancing the metastatic characteristics of cells. We have previously observed that radiotherapy activates a number of pathways associated with tumour metastases and aggressive phenotype including Src and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K). Here we wished to relate pathway activation to cellular phenotype and to investigate the impact of pharmacological inhibition on radiation response and metastases. Methods: The effects of radiotherapy alone, and combined with Src (AZD0530) and/or PI3K (GDC-0941) inhibition, on cell adhesion, migration and clonogenic survival were assessed in vitro using well-characterised assays. Initial in vivo studies, using FTC133 xenografts, evaluated the effects of radiation treatment on the Src and PI3K pathways and inhibition thereof using pAKT (Ser473) and pFAK (Tyr861) as biomarkers. The effect of single versus combined pathway inhibition with radiation therapy (5x2Gy fractions) on primary tumour growth and lung metastasis (via ex vivo clonogenic assay) was then evaluated. Results: In vitro, radiation combined with Src and/or PI3K inhibition resulted in a reduction in cell adhesion, cell spreading and cell migration compared to radiation alone, with the combined effects greater than either inhibitor alone. Radiation both in vivo and in vitro enhanced activity of the PI3K/AKT and the Src/FAK axis. In vivo, radiation combined with Src or PI3K inhibition showed little effect on tumour growth but did reduce metastatic lung colonisation, compared to radiation alone, with Src inhibition proving more efficacious. When radiation was combined with inhibition of both pathways a significant reduction in both primary tumour growth and metastatic lung colonisation was observed. Conclusion: Radiation enhances multiple pathways, two predominant ones being PI3K and Src, and by using rationale drug combinations we saw improved local control and reduced metastatic spread. From these data we can suggest that the PI3K and Src pathways are involved in the radiation enhancement in metastatic phenotype and this provides potential for application of these therapies in the clinic. Citation Format: Emily J. Rowling, Brian Telfer, Paul Elvin, Kaye J. Williams. Analyzing the effects of radiotherapy on the metastatic phenotype: a role for combined therapeutic approaches incorporating Src and PI3K targeting. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 3957. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-3957
Combination chemotherapy in advanced prostate cancer: a silk purse?
Authors: B J Roth
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1994)

Article Tools Article Tools OPTIONS & TOOLS Export Citation Track Citation Add To Favorites Rights & Permissions COMPANION ARTICLES No companion articles ARTICLE CITATION DOI: 10.1200/JCO.1994.12.10.2001 Journal of Clinical Oncology - published online before print September 21, 2016 PMID: 7931467 Combination chemotherapy in advanced prostate cancer: a silk purse? B J RothxB J RothSearch for articles by this author https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.1994.12.10.2001 PDF "Combination chemotherapy in advanced prostate cancer: a silk purse?." Journal of Clinical Oncology, 12(10), pp. 2001–2002© 1994 by American Society of Clinical Oncology
Bespoke cohort studies needed
Authors: R. Morris, I. Petersen, L. Marston, K. Walters, J. Carpenter, I. Nazareth
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Despite Collins and Altman's reanalysis of data from the THIN database to validate the QRISK equation for predicting cardiovascular disease,1 adoption of QRISK in primary care is premature because key issues about the handling of missing data and the use of social deprivation indices remain unresolved.Collins and Altman again highlight that complete data were available for just over a quarter of subjects.We appreciate that imputation methods were applied, but we question use of agesex means of 1/8/2016
The effects of standard therapy for COPD patients on FEV1 are associated with lower score of the Goddard classification
Authors: Shinyu Izumi, Yasuhiro Setoguchi, Atsuko Kurosaki, Soichi Akata
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Background:  The relation between scores in the Goddard classification and therapy responsiveness has not been fully understood in COPD patients who were not previously receiving any maintenance treatment.   Aims and objectives:  To investigate which score group in the Goddard classification has good therapy responsiveness in the treatment-naive COPD patients.   Methods:  The Goddard classification was evaluated initially using high resolution CT. Patients received standard therapy in accordance with GOLD guideline for one year. Relations between several outcomes (post-dose spirometry, COPD assessment test [CAT] as QOL, and Physical functioning scale of 10 [PF10]) and the Goddard score were assessed.   Results  : 49 patients (mean age, 69.9±8.1 years) were enrolled in this study. The relation between changes in post-bronchodilator FEV1 (FEV1 at the start minus FEV1 at the end of the study) and Goddard scores was assessed by applied regression curve (y = 0.0013x2 - 0.0249x + 0.1537, R² = 0.1378). Patients with the Goddard score of 4.0 or less had a tendency to have a good responsiveness to the therapy. CAT score improved, especially score in domain of cough and dyspnea showed statistically significant improvement. PF10 score improved as well. However, no significant correlations among CAT, PF10, and the Goddard scores were revealed.   Conclusion : In Japanese patients with COPD who are not on maintenance therapy, low score group in the Goddard classification has good responsiveness to the standard treatment in accordance with GOLD recommendation.