tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Adenovirus-mediated overexpression of follistatin enlarges intact liver of adult rats
Authors: Kazuaki Takabe, Lili Wang, Angela M.O. Leal, Leigh A. MacConell, Ezra Wiater, Tomoaki Tomiya, Akihiko Ohno, Inder M. Verma, Wylie Vale
Journal: Hepatology (2003)

Under normal physiologic conditions, liver size is under strict regulatory control. Activin, a member of the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) superfamily, is expressed in the intact adult liver and is an inhibitor of hepatocyte growth. However, the exact role played by endogenous activin in maintaining the size of a normal adult liver has yet to be completely examined in vivo. Here, we report the development of an adenoviral vector (AdexCAFS288) that expressed human follistatin-288, which binds to activin and neutralizes its biologic activities. AdexCAGFP, a control virus, expressed green fluorescent protein. AdexCAFS288 effectively expressed follistatin-288, as measured both in HepG2 cell lysate and conditioned medium and blocked activin signaling and its biologic functions in vitro. Intraperitoneal injection of AdexCAFS288 in vivo resulted in significant liver growth (146% of control) in intact liver of adult male rats 12 days following treatment without significant dysfunctions. The increase in liver size was attributed to increased hepatocyte proliferation, as monitored by the mitotic index. Furthermore, there was a significant correlation between serum follistatin levels and liver weight. In conclusion, our results suggest that activin plays a critical role in maintaining optimal liver size and implicates the endogenous activin system as a therapeutic target in the treatment of liver disease.
Control and activity of type-1 serine/threonine protein phosphatase during the cell cycle
Authors: John W. Ludlow, Deirdre A. Nelson
Journal: Seminars in Cancer Biology (1995)

The first part of this discourse will serve as a compendium of selected aspects of PP1 activity and control during the cell cycle. The latter sections will focus on the mammalian cell cycle dependent activity of PP1 on the negative growth regulatory product of the retinoblastoma susceptibility gene,pRB. The purpose here is to suggest one possible mechanism to explain how this phosphatase can effect cell cycle progression. An argument is made for PP1 playing an indirect role in regulating cell cycle progression by modulating the growth suppressive activity ofpRB.
Incremental Value of Strain Rate Analysis as an Adjunct to Wall-Motion Scoring for Assessment of Myocardial Viability by Dobutamine Echocardiography
Authors: Lizelle Hanekom, Carly Jenkins, Leanne Jeffries, Colin Case, Julie Mundy, Carmel Hawley, Thomas H. Marwick
Journal: Circulation (2005)

Background— Assessment of myocardial viability based on wall-motion scoring (WMS) during dobutamine echocardiography (DbE) is difficult and subjective. Strain-rate imaging (SRI) is quantitative, but its incremental value over WMS for prediction of functional recovery after revascularization is unclear. Methods and Results— DbE and SRI were performed in 55 stable patients (mean age, 64±10 years; mean ejection fraction, 36±8%) with previous myocardial infarction. Viability was predicted by WMS if function augmented during low-dose DbE. SR, end-systolic strain (ESS), postsystolic strain (PSS), and timing parameters were analyzed at rest and with low-dose DbE in abnormal segments. Regional and global functional recovery was defined by side-by-side comparison of echocardiographic images before and 9 months after revascularization. Of 369 segments with abnormal resting function, 146 showed regional recovery. Compared with segments showing functional recovery, those that failed to recover had lower low-dose DbE SR, SR increment (ΔSR), ESS, and ESS increment (ΔESS) (each P &lt;0.005). After optimal cutoffs for the strain parameters were defined, the sensitivity of low-dose DbE SR (78%, P =0.3), ΔSR (80%, P =0.1), ESS (75%, P =0.6), and ΔESS (74%, P =0.8) was better though not significantly different from WMS (73%). The specificity of WMS (77%) was similar to the SRI parameters. Combination of WMS and SRI parameters augmented the sensitivity for prediction of functional recovery above WMS alone (82% versus 73%, P =0.015; area under the curve=0.88 versus 0.73, P &lt;0.001), although specificities were comparable (80% versus 77%, P =0.2). Conclusions— The measurement of low-dose DbE SR and ΔSR is feasible, and their combination with WMS assessment improves the sensitivity of viability assessment with DbE.
Prevalence of and Risk Factors for Autopsy-Determined Atherosclerosis Among US Service Members, 2001-2011
Authors: Bryant J. Webber, Peter G. Seguin, Daniel G. Burnett, Leslie L. Clark, Jean L. Otto
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Autopsies of US service members killed in the Korean and Vietnam wars demonstrated that atherosclerotic changes in the coronary arteries can appear early in the second and third decades of life, long before ischemic heart disease becomes clinically apparent.To estimate the current prevalence of coronary and aortic atherosclerosis in the US armed forces.Cross-sectional study of all US service members who died of combat or unintentional injuries in support of Operations Enduring Freedom and Iraqi Freedom/New Dawn between October 2001 and August 2011 and whose cardiovascular autopsy reports were available at the time of data collection in January 2012. Prevalence of atherosclerosis was analyzed by various demographic characteristics and medical history. Classifications of coronary atherosclerosis severity were determined prior to data analysis and designed to provide consistency with previous military studies: minimal (fatty streaking only), moderate (10%-49% luminal narrowing of ≥1 vessel), and severe (≥50% narrowing of ≥1 vessel).Prevalence of coronary and aortic atherosclerosis in the US armed forces and by age, sex, self-reported race/ethnicity, education, occupation, service branch and component, military rank, body mass index at military entrance, and International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification, diagnoses of cardiovascular risk factors.Of the 3832 service members included in the analysis, the mean age was 25.9 years (range, 18-59 years) and 98.3% were male. The prevalence of any coronary atherosclerosis was 8.5% (95% CI, 7.6%-9.4%); severe coronary atherosclerosis was present in 2.3% (95% CI, 1.8%-2.7%), moderate in 4.7% (95% CI, 4.0%-5.3%), and minimal in 1.5% (95% CI, 1.1%-1.9%). Service members with atherosclerosis were significantly older (mean [SD] age, 30.5 [8.1] years) than those without (mean [SD] age, 25.3 [5.6] years; P < .001). Comparing atherosclerosis prevalence among with those with no cardiovascular risk factor diagnoses (11.1% [95% CI, 10.1%-12.1%]), there was a greater prevalence among those with a diagnosis of dyslipidemia (50.0% [95% CI, 30.3%-69.7%]; age-adjusted prevalence ratio [PR], 2.09 [95% CI, 1.43-3.06]), hypertension (43.6% [95% CI, 27.3%-59.9%]; age-adjusted PR, 1.88 [95% CI, 1.34-2.65]), or obesity (22.3% [95% CI, 15.9%-28.7%]; age-adjusted PR, 1.47 [95% CI, 1.10-1.96]), but smoking (14.1% [95% CI, 8.0%-20.2%]) was not significantly associated with a higher prevalence of atherosclerosis (age-adjusted PR, 1.12 [95% CI, 0.73-1.74]).Among deployed US service members who died of combat or unintentional injuries and received autopsies, the prevalence of atherosclerosis varied by age and cardiovascular risk factors.
Treadmill Exercise Tests Predischarge and Six Weeks Post-myocardial Infarction to Detect Abnormalities of Known Prognostic Value
Authors: Mark R. Starling, Michael H. Crawford, Gemma T. Kennedy, Robert A. O'rourke
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1981)

We evaluated 89 patients with predischarge and 6-week post-myocardial infarction treadmill exercise tests to determine the importance of doing repeat tests to identify abnormalities of known prognostic value, and assess the individual variability of treadmill abnormality responses. Nineteen patients (21%) completed only a predischarge exercise test, nine of whom experienced an early cardiac event precluding repeat testing. All nine had a prognostically important treadmill abnormality during the predischarge test. Electrocardiographic ST segment depression was highly reproducible between the early and 6-week tests (k = 0.968). However, angina, inadequate blood pressure response, and ventricular arrhythmias showed limited reproducibility (k = 0.344, 0.50, and 0.166, respectively) and substantial individual variability. Thus, we concluded that: a predischarge treadmill exercise test is important for determining the immediate short-term prognosis of patients after myocardial infarction; and ST segment depression is highly reproducible, whereas other treadmill abnormality responses show substantial variability between the predischarge and 6-week tests.
A perspective view on widespread pulmonary fibrosis.
Authors: M Turner-Warwick
Journal: BMJ (1974)

Widespread fibrotic scarring occurs as a final stage of healing in many different types of tissue damaging injury to the lung. In some cases the acute stage may be short-lived; in others the active process may continue alongside the fibrosing response over prolonged periods. In either event the resulting fibrosis progressively impairs lung performance and often leads to premature death. At first sight it may, therefore, appear to be a somewhat nihilistic exercise to focus upon the scar tissue stage of disease when control and treatment of the earlier processes are of so much greater importance. The topic is justified on simple clinical grounds. Patients are seen regularly presenting with far advanced widespread fibrosis of the lungs with gross venti latory and circulatory impairment, in whom at this stage no form of treatment can alter their relentless downhill progress. The lack of appreciation of the hazards of allowing the more acute widespread changes to continue is understandable be cause, owing to the great ventilatory reserves of the lung, symp toms may be absent or relatively slight. Even when the potential dangers are recognized, the best methods to monitor progress or regression of disease in the aknost asymptomatic patient are not yet fully known. Nevertheless, even with this limitation, all too often little or no systematic attempt is made to supervise these patients, even with the techniques which are readily available. Serial assessment of lung performance at rest is in any case a relatively crude yardstick, and is often measured only at irregular intervals; standardized exercise tests are rarely used, and all too often too much reliance is placed on the chest radiograph, which also reflects only relatively gross changes. In any case chest x-ray films are but shadows, and the extent to which they can indicate the presence of fibrosis as distinct from more acute reversible inflammatory lesions is, with a few notable exceptions, limited. This lecture will emphasize the great variety of entirely distinct processes which may initiate widespread fibrosis in the lungs, will examine the intriguing problem of its selective distribution-favouring characteristically the upper lobes in somediseases and the lower lobes in others-and will consider the known factors which influence the rate of progression of these lesions.
Shisa3 Is Associated with Prolonged Survival through Promoting β-Catenin Degradation in Lung Cancer
Authors: Chun-Chieh Chen, Hsuan-Yu Chen, Kang-Yi Su, Qi-Sheng Hong, Bo-Shiun Yan, Ching-Hsien Chen, Szu-Hua Pan, Yih-Leong Chang, Chia-Jen Wang, Pei-Fang Hung, Shinsheng Yuan, Gee-Chen Chang, Jeremy J. W. Chen, Pan-Chyr Yang, Ya-Chien Yang, Sung-Liang Yu
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2014)

Section:ChooseTop of pageAbstract <<MethodsResultsDiscussionConclusionsReferencesCITING ARTICLES
Chemokine receptor expression profile of eosinophils at inflamed tissue sites: Decreased CCR3 and increased CXCR4 expression by lung eosinophils
Authors: Hiroyuki Nagase, Koichiro Kudo, Shinyu Izumi, Ken Ohta, Nobuyuki Kobayashi, Masao Yamaguchi, Kouji Matsushima, Yutaka Morita, Kazuhiko Yamamoto, Koichi Hirai
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2001)
Polycythemia and chorea.
Authors: K. W. Heathfield
Journal: BMJ (1968)

BMDTCA formation of anticoagulant fibrinogen degradation products aggravates the haematologic defect.Moreover, to control the replacement of fibrinogen, as is suggested, is difficult, since the laboratory tests com- monly employed in acute fibrinolytic conditions (thrombin time, Fibrindex, etc.) are at best semi-quantitative.Even if a rapid method of fibrinogen estimation is used' the findings can be misleading, for the blood level of fibrinogen may be higher than that indicated by the test owing to the presence of anticoagulant fibrinogen degradation pro- ducts.'In our experience in obstetrical patients' ' the clinical condition of the patient may be a better guide to therapy than the fibrinogen level determined in the laboratory, and fresh whole blood is a better substitute than fibrinogen alone.Lastly, the risk of E.A.C.A. causing intravascular thrombosis (apart from that presented by the original stimulus for defibrination) when it is given for a rela- tively short period (as in acute obstetrical conditions) is negligible.This is because the drug is excreted through the kidneys very rapidly.-Iam, etc.,
Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis
Authors: Michael Katz
Journal: JAMA (1969)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> J. T. Jabbour et al in "Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis" (<b>207</b>:2248, 1969), report their failure to transmit encephalitis to ferrets by intracerebral injection of brain material obtained by biopsy of patients with subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE). They contrast this failure with our success in achieving such a transmission (<i>New Eng J Med</i><b>279</b>:793 1968). Before this discrepancy in results can be evaluated, it would be necessary to establish whether the method Jabbour and his co-workers used was comparable to ours. The authors have not explained the details of their technique, nor have they stated what kind and amount of inoculum they used, or how long they observed the animals before killing them. The authors state that the histologic changes and type of inclusion bodies in their patients were classical for SSPE, being characterized by astrocytic gliosis and perivascular cuffing; in two of the patients, in addition,
Recombinant human megakaryocyte growth and development factor (MGDF) increases the numbers of megakaryocyte progenitor cells to normal values in long-term bone marrow cultures of patients with AML in first remission
Authors: C Kasper, A Schwarzer, EA De Wynter, J Chang, TM Dexter, D Ryder, NG Testa
Journal: Leukemia (1998)
Influence of ultra-endurance exercise on immunoglobulin isotypes and subclasses
Authors: A J McKune, L L Smith, S J Semple, A A Wadee
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2005)

Strenuous exercise is associated with tissue damage. This activates the innate immune system and local inflammation. Interaction between innate and adaptive immunity is essential for maintaining health, suggesting that the adaptive immune system may also be altered by exercise.To determine exercise induced changes in the adaptive immune system by measuring the immunoglobulin isotype and subclass response to an ultra-marathon.Venepuncture was performed on 11 experienced volunteers (six men, five women; mean (SD) age 43 (9.8) years) 24 hours before the projected finishing time and immediately after and 3, 24, and 72 hours after an ultra-marathon (90 km). Serum was stored at -80 degrees C. IgM, IgD, IgA, IgG, IgG1, 2, 3, and 4, and total IgE were measured.The following immunoglobulins were significantly (p< or =0.05) altered after the race: IgD, immediately (-51%) and 24 hours (-41%) after; IgM 24 hours after (-23%); total IgG immediately after (+12%). There were no reports of symptoms of upper respiratory tract infections after the ultra-marathon.In experienced ultra-endurance runners, alterations in immunoglobulin concentrations after a race suggest an enhanced immune response, including isotype switching, interactions with the innate immune system, and a secondary antibody response. These alterations may have a role in the maintenance of subject health after an ultra-marathon.
The Anemia of Childhood
Authors: Robert T. Card, Michael C. Brain, Daphne E. Lott, Mary Anne McNamara
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1973)

Minor increases in plasma inorganic phosphate concentration produce major alterations in red-cell metabolism in vitro and lead to raised levels of red-cell adenosine triphosphate and 2,3-diphosphoglycerate in vivo, with a resultant shift in the hemoglobin-oxygen dissociation curve to the right. Normal children have plasma phosphates 50 per cent above the normal adult range. Studies were performed to determine whether this hyperphosphatemia might alter levels of red-cell adenosine triphosphate and 2,3-diphosphoglycerate, as well as oxygen affinity, in childhood. In 62 normal children aged one to 12 years the levels of the red-cell organic phosphates were significantly higher than in 48 normal adults. In nine normal children the hemoglobin-oxygen dissociation curve was shifted 1.6 mm Hg to the right of that in 17 normal adults. It is postulated that the physiologic "hyperphosphatemia" of childhood leads to raised levels of red-cell organic phosphates and decreased oxygen affinity and may thus explain the physiologic "anemia" of childhood.
Drug-induced Renal Disease.
Authors: Robert C. Muehrcke
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1966)

s1 May 1966Drug-induced Renal Disease.Robert C. Muehrcke, M.D., F.A.C.P., Seymour Rosen, M.D., K. Gerhard Thiele, M.D., Conrad L. Pirani, M.D., Robert M. Kark, M.D., F.A.C.P.Robert C. Muehrcke, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, Seymour Rosen, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, K. Gerhard Thiele, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Conrad L. Pirani, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Robert M. Kark, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-64-5-1181_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptDrug-induced renal disease, like other iatrogenic disorders, bedevils the patient and humbles the physician when he finds that he has done harm at the time he thought he was doing good. Renal disease induced by drugs was studied by percutaneous biopsy in 40 patients. Clinical and laboratory findings were correlated with morphology, both by light and light and electron microscopy.Thirty-one different drugs produced the following clinical entities: acute renal failure, acute hemorrhagic glomerulonephritis, the nephrotic syndrome, tubular disturbances, and chronic renal insufficiency.Acute renal failure followed renal artery occlusion (triiodinated contrast medium). Zeek's sensitivity angiitis of the intralobular vessels... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Chicago and Oak Park, Illinois PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1966Volume 64, Issue 5Page: 1181-1182KeywordsAcute renal failureBiopsyClinical laboratoriesDrugsElectron microscopyGlomerulonephritisRenal arteriesRenal diseasesResearch laboratoriesVasculitis Issue Published: 1 May 1966 PDF downloadLoading ...
AORTIC STIFFNESS AS REFLECTED BY FRACTIONAL PULSE PRESSURE ISA MARKER FOR ADVERSE IN-HOSPITAL OUTCOMES IN PATIENTS WITH STEMI UNDERGOING PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION
Authors: Mohammed Eid Madmani, Tilak Pasala, Dinesh Sharma, Mark Dunlap, Sanjay Gandhi
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
INFECTIOUS MYXOMATOSIS OF RABBITS
Authors: Thomas M. Rivers, S. M. Ward
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1937)

From the results of the experiments described in this paper it is obvious that large amounts of elementary bodies of myxoma can be obtained in a relatively pure state by means of the methods used. Furthermore, it is evident that infectious myxomatosis is a viral disease in which elementary bodies of the same order of magnitude as vaccinal elementary bodies play a conspicuous rô1e in that they either represent the etiological agent or are intimately associated with it. The bodies are specifically agglutinated by antimyxoma serum and are agglutinated to a less extent by serum from rabbits convalescing from fibroma, a disease closely related to myxoma. In virus-free filtrates of emulsions prepared from infected skin there is a soluble precipitinogen or precipitinogens specific for the malady. Moreover, a specific precipitinogen or precipitinogens are demonstrable in virus-free serum of animals acutely ill as a result of extensive infection with myxoma virus. It is believed that this is the second viral disease, yellow fever (14) being the first, in which a specific soluble antigen free from virus has been found in the serum of ill animals.
Vasodilatory N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptors Are Constitutively Expressed in Rat Kidney
Authors: Aihua Deng, Jose M. Valdivielso, Karen A. Munger, Roland C. Blantz, Scott C. Thomson
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2002)

ABSTRACT. N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDA-R) is an amino acid receptor and membrane calcium channel. NMDA-R is activated by binding of coagonists, L-glutamine and L-glycine. In the brain, calcium entry via NMDA-R activates type I nitric oxide synthase (NOS I). The kidney also contains NOS I and vasodilates in response to L-glycine. In this study, NMDA-R mRNA was demonstrated in rat kidney cortex by reverse transcriptase–PCR and cDNA sequencing. NMDA-R protein was demonstrated in kidney cortex by immunoblotting. To study the functional role of renal NMDA-R, renal hemodynamic effects of NMDA-R inhibition were assessed in rats using a blocker of the NMDA calcium channel (75 mg/kg MK-801 intraperitoneally) or an inhibitor of glycine binding to NMDA-R (30 mg/kg 5,7-dichlorokynurenic acid intraperitoneally). Renal blood flow was measured by perivascular pulse Doppler. GFR was measured by 3H-inulin clearance. Measurements were made before and during glycine infusion. Both NMDA-R antagonists caused renal vasoconstriction and attenuated the renal vasodilatory response to glycine infusion. These effects were not mediated by the renal nerves. The glycine response was not inhibited by aortic snare used to mimic the effects of NMDA-R inhibitors on basal renal blood flow. NMDA-R are expressed in kidney cortex, where they exert a tonic vasodilatory influence and may account for the vasodilatory response to glycine infusion.
THE "SCHOTT TREATMENT" OF CARDIAC DISEASE.
Authors: C. N. B. CAMAC
Journal: JAMA (1897)

The "Schott treatment" for chronic heart disease, although well established in Germany and England, is so little known in America that it warrants a word of explanation before going on to the description of the cases treated by this method at the Johns Hopkins Hospital. Nauheim first came to the notice of Europeans in 1834. It was not until 1860 that Dr. Beneke of Marburg considered scientifically the value of the medicated bath treatment. From 1859 to 1870 his articles on the waters of Nauheim made their appearance in the<i>Berliner klinische Wochenschrift;</i>from 1870 to 1890 August and Theodore Schott and J. Groedel were frequent contributors on this subject to this journal. August Schott died, but his brother continued the work and published one of the first articles to appear in English print in 1892. Although this article appeared in the<i>Lancet</i>it received but little attention, and it
Optimal Imaging for Guiding TAVR: Transesophageal or Transthoracic Echocardiography, or Just Fluoroscopy?
Authors: Itzhak Kronzon, Vladimir Jelnin, Carlos E. Ruiz, Muhamed Saric, Mathew Russell Williams, Albert M. Kasel, Anupama Shivaraju, Antonio Colombo, Adnan Kastrati
Journal: JACC. Cardiovascular imaging (2015)