tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Hematopoietic Stem-Cell Transplantation for Treatment-Related Leukemia or Myelodysplasia
Authors: Robert P. Witherspoon, H. Joachim Deeg, Barry Storer, Claudio Anasetti, Rainer Storb, Frederick R. Appelbaum
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2001)

PURPOSE: This report describes results of related or unrelated hematopoietic stem-cell transplants in 111 patients with treatment-related leukemia or myelodysplasia performed consecutively at the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center between December 1971 and June 1998, and identifies patient and treatment characteristics associated with survival and relapse. PATIENTS AND METHODS: At transplantation, 56 patients had treatment-related secondary acute myeloid leukemia (AML), 15 had refractory anemia with excess blasts in transition (RAEB-T), 23 had refractory anemia with excess blasts (RAEB), 15 had refractory anemia (RA), and two had refractory anemia with ringed sideroblasts (RARS). Conditioning regimens were total-body irradiation (TBI) and chemotherapy for 60 patients, busulfan (BU) 14 to 16 mg/kg and cyclophosphamide (CY) 120 mg/kg (BUCY) for 27 patients, BU targeted to 600 to 900 ng/mL plasma steady-state concentration with 120 mg/kg CY (BUCY-t) for 22 patients, and miscellaneous chemotherapy for two patients. The donors were HLA-identical or partially identical family members for 69 patients and unrelated donors for 42 patients. RESULTS: The 5-year disease-free survival was 8% for TBI, 19% for BUCY, and 30% for BUCY-t (P = .006). The 5-year cumulative incidence of relapse was 40% for secondary AML, 40% for RAEB-T, 26% for RAEB, and 0% for RA or RARS (P = .0009). The 5-year cumulative incidence of nonrelapse mortality after TBI was 58%; after BUCY, 52%; and after BUCY-t, 42% (P = .02). CONCLUSION: Patients at risk for treatment-related leukemia or myelodysplasia should be followed closely and be considered for stem-cell transplantation early in the course of myelodysplasia using conditioning regimens such as BUCY-t designed to reduce nonrelapse mortality.
Progesterone-Stimulated Growth of Mammary Carcinomas Induced by 7,12-Dimethylbenz[a]anthracene in Neonatally Androgenized Rats2
Authors: Hiroki Yoshida, Ryo Fukunishi, Yuzuru Kato, Kenshi Matsumoto
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1980)

Progesterone stimulated the growth of mammary carcinomas previously induced by 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) in neonatally androgenized female Sprague-Dawley rats. This stimulatory effect appeared to depend on the action of estrogens. At 2 days of age, 199 female rats were neonatally androgenized by single sc injections of 1.25 mg testosterone propionate. At 50 days of age, all rats were given 20-mg doses of DMBA by gastric intubation. About one-half of the androgenized rats were ovariectomized at 78 days of age. Rats in test groups were given daily im injections of 10 μg 17β-estradiol or 4 mg progesterone for 228 days starting at 78 days after birth. The experiments were terminated when the rats were 300 days of age. In all androgenized rats, corpora lutea were absent. In the androgenized rats, progesterone injection induced a significant and marked increase in the incidence of mammary carcinomas from that in the androgenized controls (3.4%) in the presence of ovaries (90%) but not in the absence of ovaries (8.7%). Estrogen injection showed some but no significant increases in the incidence of mammary carcinoma in both ovariectomized and nonovariectomized androgenized rats (17.4 and 40.0%, respectively).
Preconditioning in regenerative medicine: AUTHORS' RETROSPECTIVE
Authors: Z. Pasha, M. Ashraf
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2012)

This editorial refers to an article by Z. Pasha et al .[1][1] published in Cardiovascular Research in 2008 (see [Box 1][2]). It is accompanied by an editorial by J. Muller-Ehmsen (doi:10.1093/cvr/cvs202) as part of this Spotlight on Landmark Papers in Cardiovascular Research . 

Our previous study reported in Cardiovascular Research 1 was prompted by the idea that the survival of stem cells is minimal after their transplantation into the infarcted myocardium. To grow, first of all these cells must survive in the ischaemic tissue upon transplantation. Ischaemic preconditioning (IPC) is one of the most powerful protective phenomena against lethal ischaemic injury.2 We propose that molecular mechanisms of IPC responsible for cardioprotection would be equally effective in the stem cell-based repair of injured heart.

Subsequent studies by our group3–6 and others7,8 demonstrated that cytokines, aside from inducing mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) homing and differentiation, confer cardioprotection by activating diverse signaling pathways. Amongst cytokines, stromal cell derived factor-1 alpha (SDF-1) plays a prominent role in stem cell mobilization. The SDF-1/CXCR4 signaling pathway regulating mobilization, proliferation, and differentiation of stem cells has been extensively studied and has provided insight into new pathways and directions for future discoveries in cardiac regeneration.

Stem cell survival is necessary for the effectiveness of transplantation therapy. In many cases, a significant number of the donor cells die within hours after transplantation9,10 Therefore, development of a strategy to render the donor cells capable of withstanding the severities of the microenvironment by enhancing cell retention, survival, …

 [1]: #ref-1
 [2]: #F2
Stroke care after discharge varies widely across UK, audit finds
Authors: J. Wise
Journal: BMJ (2015)

The care provided to stroke patients once they have left hospital shows widespread variation across England, Northern Ireland, and Wales, an audit has found.1

The inaugural audit by the Sentinel Stroke National Audit Programme concluded that too many areas fail to commission comprehensive post-acute stroke care. It also raised concern that care home residents may be denied access to stroke rehabilitation services in some areas. …
Ipsilateral breast tumor recurrence as a predictor of distant disease: implications for systemic therapy at the time of local relapse.
Authors: B G Haffty, M Reiss, M Beinfield, D Fischer, B Ward, C McKhann
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1996)

To evaluate the prognostic significance of ipsilateral breast tumor recurrence (IBTR) with respect to the subsequent development of distant metastasis.Between January 1970 and December 1989, 973 patients with invasive breast cancer were treated with conservative surgery and radiation therapy at Yale-New Haven Hospital. The median follow-up time as of December 1993 was 8.6 years. A number of prognostic factors were tested as possible predictors of distant metastases, including whether a patient experienced IBTR. IBTRs were broken down by time to recurrence to determine whether the breast recurrence-free interval had any prognostic relevance with respect to the development of distant metastasis.As of December 1993, out of the entire population of 973 patients, 73 patients had developed IBTR and 134 had developed distant metastases. The overall actuarial survival rate at 10 years was .71 +/- .02, with a 10-year actuarial breast recurrence-free rate of .84 +/- .02 and a 10-year distant metastasis-free rate of .77 +/- .02. The overall distant metastasis rate was higher in patients who experienced IBTR compared with patients who had never experienced IBTR. Furthermore, the time to IBTR had a significant effect on distant metastases. Of 32 patients who developed an IBTR within 4 years of original diagnosis, 16 (50%) developed distant metastases. In contrast, of 41 patients who developed later breast relapses (> 4 years from original diagnosis), only seven (17%) developed distant metastases (P < .01). Of 32 patients who developed early breast relapse, the 5-year survival rate following breast relapse was .50 +/- .01, compared with a 5-year post-breast relapse survival rate of .78 +/- .10 among 41 patients with later breast relapses (P < .05).It appears that early IBTR is a significant predictor for distant metastases. Whether early breast tumor relapse is a marker for or cause of distant metastases remains a controversial and unresolved issue. Implications for adjuvant systemic therapy at the time of breast relapse are discussed.
Lung cancer in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: Clinical characteristics and impact on survival
Authors: Taehoon Lee, Ji Young Park, Hong Yeul Lee, Young-Jae Cho, Ho Il Yoon, Jae Ho Lee, Sanghoon Jheon, Choon-Taek Lee, Jong Sun Park
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Background : Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is reported to be associated with an increased risk of lung cancer. However, few studies have explored whether IPF affects the long-term survival of lung cancer patients. The primary goal of this study was to evaluate the impact of IPF on lung cancer survival. Additionally, the clinical characteristics of lung cancer in IPF patients were investigated.   Methods : Seventy patients who had both IPF and histologically proven lung cancer were identified through a search of the Seoul National University Bundang Hospital database from 2003 to 2012. Of these, 33 surgically treated patients were matched with 66 patients who had lung cancer without IPF. Matched variables included age, sex, histologic type, and lung cancer stage.   Results : Of the 70 subjects, 94% were male, and the mean age was 70 years (range, 46–90). In total, 81% of the cancers were located in the lung periphery whereas 56% were in the lower lobe. The majority of cancers (70%) were found in the fibrotic area on chest computed tomography scans. The most frequent histologic type was squamous cell carcinoma (40%). Among surgically treated patients (33 cases and 66 controls), the 5-year survival rates were 38% for lung cancer patients with IPF and 73% for lung cancer patients without IPF (p = 0.001).   Conclusions : Squamous cell carcinoma was the most common type of lung cancer in patients with IPF. IPF reduced the survival of surgically treated lung cancer patients regardless of age, sex, histologic type, and/or lung cancer stage.
The Use of Thromboprophylaxis in Total Hip Replacement Surgery: Are the Attitudes of Orthopaedic Surgeons Changing?
Authors: T D Owen, J Coorsh
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (1992)

We conducted a survey of all 926 active members of the British Orthopaedic Association using a postal questionnaire to find out their current attitude to thromboprophylaxis in total hip replacement surgery. Previous surveys have been performed, and with all the recent literature on the subject we wanted to see if the attitude of British orthopaedic surgeons has changed. There were 676 replies, a response rate of 73%. Fifty-five replies were excluded, those from surgeons who had retired from practice or whose practice did not include total hip replacement surgery. Of the remaining 621 surgeons, 466 (75%) use some method of thromboprophylaxis, with 367 (59%) routinely using prophylactic pharmacological agents and 99 (16%) using mechanical methods of thromboprophylaxis. Twenty-five per cent (155) of surgeons used no routine method of thromboprophylaxis. Eight-six per cent (534) of surgeons used a pharmacological method of prophylaxis in those patients thought to have a high risk of developing a deep vein thrombosis (DVT) (eg previous DVT, cardiovascular disease, obesity). Thirty-two different methods of thromboprophylaxis were used. Low molecular weight heparin is now being used by 19% of surgeons routinely and by 25% of surgeons in high risk cases, whereas 3 years ago it was not used at all. Our survey shows that although there is still a great reluctance for British orthopaedic surgeons to use pharmacological agents routinely in thromboprophylaxis. Amongst those that do, low molecular weight heparin is being increasingly used. More surgeons may want to use low molecular weight heparin routinely, but in some hospitals it is not currently available.
Regulation of COX-2 transcription in a colon cancer cell line by Pontin52/TIP49a.
Authors: Mary L Carlson, Ellen T Wilson, Stephen M Prescott
Journal: Molecular Cancer (2003)

Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is expressed early in colon carcinogenesis and is known to play a crucial role in the progress of the disease. Here we show that the regulation of the expression of this enzyme in a colon cancer cell line, and in patients, is associated with overexpression of the Wnt pathway-associated proteins, Pontin52/TIP49a and LEF-1. Recently shown to be essential for transformation via the c-Myc pathway, Pontin52/TIP49a promotes COX-2 expression in tissue culture and is overexpressed in colon cancer tissue, co-localizing with COX-2 expression in transformed tissue, relative to paired normal tissue.
Performance assessment of a novel medical device for home monitoring of CPAP treatment in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome
Authors: Joelle Texereau, Maxime Elbaz, Amelie Carron, Benoit Piednoir, Henry Taupin, Claude Weber, Damien Leger
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Background:  Home monitoring of Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) is key to ensure on the long term patient compliance and normalisation of the apnoea-hypopnoea index (AHI). Those parameters are currently collected from CPAP devices but measured parameters differ and their algorithms may score differently respiratory events. The novel AL539 device allows remote control of treatment duration and of residual AHI in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS), whatever the CPAP used.   Objectives:  To assess AL539 performance by comparing with respiratory polygraphy (Embletta GOLD®).   Methods:  OSAS patients requiring an in-lab control respiratory polygraphy with their usual CPAP and interface were included (82% males, mean age 61 yrs, BMI ranging 23-41 Kg/m 2 ). Descriptive analyses on 14 patients are presented.   Results:  Recordings were performed with 6 different CPAPs and nasal mask, face mask or nasal pillow. Minimum duration of the recordings was 6.75 hours. Overnight difference in CPAP treatment duration was of 2.4 minutes (95% confidence interval -0.2 to 5.1) between AL539 and the polygraph. Polygraphic AHI was 6.4±3.4/hr and mean difference with AHI estimated by AL539 was 2.5/hr (95% confidence interval 1.4 to 3.6).   Conclusions:  AL539 allows a precise measurement of CPAP treatment duration. As expected by the difference in the methods used to score respiratory events, AHI estimated by AL539 slightly differs from medical interpretation of polygraphic data. Interest of AL539 is homogeneity of the data collected and its compatibility with most of the currently available CPAPs, including those without internal monitoring systems.
Effects of posture on cough flow after breath-stacking maneuver in healthy subjects
Authors: Vanessa Resqueti, Ana Cristina Garcia Maciel, Maria Clara Goes, Rencio Florencio, Guilherme Fregonezi, Andrea Aliverti, Armele Dornelas de Andrade
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Background : The breathing-stacking maneuver (BS) increases inspired volume and may influence the cough flow generation. Aim : To evaluate the effects of BS in voluntary cough flow and chest wall volume in two different positions in healthy subjects by opto-electronic plethysmography (OEP). Methods : 14 healthy subjects (7 M) age 23.8 ± 2.5 years, BMI 23.3 ± 1.84 kg/m2, FVC 4.26 ± 0.6 L, FEV1/FVC 0.83 ± 0.01 L) were assessed. Voluntary cough flow, tidal volume (Vt) of rib cage compartments (VtRc) and abdominal compartments (VtAb) as well as inspiratory capacity (IC) were analyzed before and after the BS maneuver by OEP in two positions, supine and 45o inclination. Results : After BS, cough flow significantly increased only in the 45o inclined position (5.21 ± 0.48 L/s vs 6.09 ± 0.30 L/s, p < 0.005). VtRc increased after the BS, in both positions (supine: 0.182 L vs 0.220L; 45o: 0.211 L vs 0.279 L (p < 0.05). There were no changes in the IC after BS in both positions. Conclusion : These results show that in healthy subjects breath-stacking maneuver increases pulmonary volumes leading to an increase in cough flow only in the 45o inclination position. The decrease of lung volume in supine position annuls the beneficial effects of breath-stacking.

![Figure][1] 



Figure 1. Cough peak flow before and after breath-stacking (BS) * p< 0.05 – Supine vs . 45o – ANOVA two-way (beforeBS e afterBS); † p <0.05 – Supine vs. 45o – ANOVA two-way (between groups).

 [1]: pending:yes
Neonatal Thymectomy and Tumor Induction With Methylcholanthrene in Mice&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN1"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: H Balner, H Dersjant
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1966)

Methylcholanthrene was administered intradermally to adult normal and neonatally thymectomized mice. The incidence, latency period, growth rate, and histological type of the developing tumors were not significantly different for thymectomized mice as compared with those for controls. The antigenicity of the tumors varied in both groups, but the percentage of strongly antigenic tumors was unequivocally higher in thymectomized mice. Other investigators demonstrated a clearly increased susceptibility of thymectomized rodents to the carcinogenic effect of benzopyrene and to certain tumor viruses. They postulated that an enhanced incidence of the mostly antigenic tumors is related to the impairment of immune reactivity after early thymectomy. To test this hypothesis, we determined the immune reactivity of each individual thymectomized mouse by grafting homologous skin before administering the carcinogen. Thymectomized mice with normal homograft reactivity were thus distinguishable from those with depressed reactivity. Surprisingly, tumor incidence in the latter group was, if anything, lower than in the immunologically competent animals. It is plausible that immunological depression as a consequence of thymectomy promotes the establishment of antigenic tumors; on the other hand, the growth conditions for tumors, particularly for the less antigenic variety, may not be ideal in thymectomized mice.
4,4′-Diaminodiphenylmethane: Promoting Effect on the Development of Thyroid Tumors in Rats Treated With &lt;italic&gt;N&lt;/italic&gt;-Bis(2-hydroxypropyl)nitrosamine&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Y Hiasa, Y Kitahori, N Enoki, N Konishi, T Shimoyama
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1984)

4,4′-Diaminodiphenylmethane (4,4′-methylenediani-line) (DDPM) promoted the development of thyroid tumors in rats treated with a subeffective dose of N-bis(2-hydroxypropyl)nitrosamine (2,2′-dihydroxy-N-nitrosodipropylamine) (DHPN) for thyroid tumorigenesis. Male inbred W rats were given a single ip injection of 280 mg DHPN/100 g body weight and fed diets with or without 1,000 ppm DDPM. Thyroid tumor incidences at the end of week 20 of the experiment were 90% (19/21) in rats given DHPN and then DDPM and 28% (6/21) in rats given DHPN alone. The incidence of thyroid cancers was 9.5% (2/21) in rats first given DHPN and then DDPM. Untreated rats and rats given DDPM alone had no thyroid tumors after 20 weeks. Incidences of kidney tumors were 38% (8/21) in rats given DHPN and then DDPM and 28% (6/21) in rats given DHPN alone. No tumors were found in the kidneys and lungs of rats given DDPM alone and in those of control rats. Treatment with DDPM alone slightly but not significantly decreased the serum concentrations of thyroxine and triiodothyronine; treatment with DHPN plus DDPM had no such effect.
Serum vitamin D in healthy and wheezy chidren - is there any correlation?
Authors: Oleksandr Mazulov, Olga Yablon
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Introduction. Observational studies suggest vitamin D deficiency increases risk of respiratory infections. This increased risk may contribute to incident wheezing illness in children.  Aims and objectives. To identify the level of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D in healthy and wheezy infants.  Methods. It was a prospective single-center study. We have measured a level of 25-hydroxyvitamin D in 23 healthy children aged 12 months (SD 1 month) and 125 wheezers in the same age with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. We defined hypovitaminosis D in range 5 ng/mL to 10 ng/mL and vitamin D insufficiency ranged from 10 ng/mL to less than 15 ng/mL.  Results. We found 4 deficient children in healthy group and 43 in wheezing group (OR 2.491 [0.797, 7.786], RR 1.978 [0.786, 4,978]) and 19 deficient children in wheezing group and no one in control group.  Conclusions. Our results suggest not significant correlation between the level of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and wheezing in children of first year of life. Of cause a larger studies need to perform and confirm our findings.
Gemcitabine as Second-Line Treatment for Advanced Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer: A Phase II Trial
Authors: Lucio Crinò, Anna Maria Mosconi, Giorgio Scagliotti, Giovanni Selvaggi, Silvia Novello, Massimo Rinaldi, Marina Della Giulia, Cesare Gridelli, Antonio Rossi, Cesare Calandri, Filippo De Marinis, Mariantonietta Noseda, Maurizio Tonato
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1999)

PURPOSE: To investigate the activity and toxicity of gemcitabine as a single agent in patients with advanced non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) after recurrence or failure of previous treatment with a platinum-containing regimen. PATIENTS AND METHODS: From November 1995 to October 1997, 83 patients with stage IIIB or IV NSCLC received gemcitabine 1,000 mg/m 2 once a week for 3 weeks every 28 days. Responses were assessed every two treatment courses. The median age of the patients was 63 years; Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status was 0 to 1 in 62 patients and 2 in 21 patients. The predominant histology was squamous (39 patients); 49 patients had stage IV disease and 34 patients had stage III disease (33 stage IIIB and one stage IIIA). RESULTS: Sixteen patients (19%) achieved a partial response to treatment; the median duration of response was 29 weeks (range, 6 to 50 weeks). Treatment was well tolerated: grade 2 to 3 (World Health Organization standardized response criteria) leukopenia and thrombocytopenia occurred in 23% and 20% of patients, respectively. Mild asthenia was observed in 16% of patients, and peripheral edema in 5% of patients. Nausea and vomiting were present in 16% of patients. CONCLUSION: In this experience, gemcitabine showed significant activity without relevant toxicity, mainly in patients who were previously responsive to chemotherapy. This suggests a possible role for gemcitabine as a second-line treatment in patients who had a previous response or achieved stable disease with a platinum-containing regimen.