tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Subcellular localization of glucocorticoid receptor protein in the human kidney glomerulus
Authors: Kunimasa Yan, Akihiko Kudo, Hiroshi Hirano, Takashi Watanabe, Tetsuya Tasaka, Saeko Kataoka, Noriko Nakajima, Yukino Nishibori, Toru Shibata, Takao Kohsaka, Eiji Higashihara, Hirotoshi Tanaka, Hidehiro Watanabe, Toshihiko Nagasawa, Shouichi Awa
Journal: Kidney International (1999)
Adult heart transplantation with distant procurement and ex-vivo preservation of donor hearts after circulatory death: a case series
Authors: Kumud K Dhital, Arjun Iyer, Mark Connellan, Hong C Chew, Ling Gao, Aoife Doyle, Mark Hicks, Gayathri Kumarasinghe, Claude Soto, Andrew Dinale, Bruce Cartwright, Priya Nair, Emily Granger, Paul Jansz, Andrew Jabbour, Eugene Kotlyar, Anne Keogh, Christopher Hayward, Robert Graham, Phillip Spratt, Peter Macdonald
Journal: The Lancet (2015)
P679 LEVEL OF HEPATITIS B SURFACE ANTIGEN AND NOT HBV DNA LEVEL AFTER HBeAg SEROCLEARANCE IS PREDICTIVE OF HBsAg SEROCLEARANCE
Authors: J. Fung, C.-L. Lai, D.K. Wong, W.-K. Seto, M. Kopaniszen, M.-F. Yuen
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
Practices and Attitudes of Japanese Oncologists and Palliative Care Physicians Concerning Terminal Sedation: A Nationwide Survey
Authors: T. Morita
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2002)

PURPOSE: To clarify the frequency of practice of sedation therapy for terminally ill cancer patients and to identify physicians' attitudes toward sedation. METHODS: Questionnaires were mailed to 1,436 Japanese oncologists and palliative care physicians with a request to report their practice of and attitudes toward palliative sedation therapy. RESULTS: A total of 697 physicians returned questionnaires (response rate, 49.6%). Use of mild, intermittent-deep, or continuous-deep sedation for physical and psychologic distress was reported by 89% and 64%, 70% and 46%, and 66% and 38%, respectively. In vignettes in which physicians were asked whether they would use sedation for a patient with refractory dyspnea or with existential distress, 14% and 15%, respectively, chose continuous-deep sedation as a strong possibility. Those physicians less confident with psychologic care and with higher levels of professional burnout were more likely to choose continuous-deep sedation. In vignettes in which they were asked whether they use sedation for a patient with depression or delirium, 39% and 31%, respectively, considered psychiatric treatment to be a strong possibility, and 42% and 50% regarded continuous-deep sedation as a potential treatment option. Physicians less involved in caring for the terminally ill and less specialized in palliative medicine were significantly less likely to choose psychiatric treatment. CONCLUSION: Sedation is frequently used for severe physical and psychologic distress of cancer patients. Physicians' clinical experiences with the terminally ill and their levels of professional burnout influence the decisions. Training and education for physicians in regard to end-of-life care and valid clinical guidelines for palliative sedation therapy are necessary.
Nitric oxide mediates vasodilatation in response to activation of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors in brain.
Authors: F M Faraci, K R Breese
Journal: Circulation Research (1993)

Neurons release nitric oxide (NO) in response to activation of receptors for the excitatory amino acid N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA). We examined the hypothesis that activation of receptors for NMDA produces dilatation of the cerebral microcirculation that is mediated by NO. Diameters of cerebral arterioles were measured using a closed cranial window in anesthetized rabbits. Under control conditions, topical NMDA produced concentration-related dilatation of pial arterioles. Dilatation in response to NMDA was inhibited selectively by MK-801 (an NMDA receptor antagonist) and tetrodotoxin, suggesting that responses to NMDA were receptor mediated and dependent on neuronal activation. Increases in arteriolar diameter in response to NMDA were not affected by L-arginine but were inhibited by NG-nitro-L-arginine, suggesting that the vasodilatation was mediated by NO. Dilatation of cerebral arterioles in response to NMDA was not inhibited by indomethacin, suggesting that cyclooxygenase products do not mediate the response. Using isolated cerebral arteries, we also examined whether NMDA elicited direct cerebral vascular effects. In intact arteries studied in vitro, NMDA had no effect on vascular tone, suggesting that cerebral arteries lack receptors for NMDA. These findings suggest that NO generated in response to activation of receptors for NMDA in vivo is neuronally derived and not due to a direct vascular effect. Thus, NO may mediate increases in local blood flow during increases in neuronal activity in response to excitatory amino acids.
Selective Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibition With Developing Heart Failure
Authors: Mary K. King, Mytsi L. Coker, Aaron Goldberg, James H. McElmurray, Himali R. Gunasinghe, Rupak Mukherjee, Michael R. Zile, Timothy P. O’Neill, Francis G. Spinale
Journal: Circulation Research (2003)

The matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are an endogenous family of proteolytic enzymes implicated to contribute to LV remodeling. However, broad-spectrum MMP inhibition (MMPi), particularly inhibition of interstitial collagenase (MMP-1), may not be clinically applicable. This study examined the effects of selective MMPi (sparing MMP-1) in a model of developing congestive heart failure. Pigs were randomly assigned to 3 groups: (1) rapid pacing for 3 weeks (240 bpm, n=10); (2) selective MMPi (20 mg/kg per day-PO;PGE7113313) and rapid pacing (n=12); and (3) controls (n=10). LV peak wall stress increased from controls with rapid pacing (140+/-6 versus 319+/-18 g/cm2; P<0.05) and was reduced with selective MMPi (208+/-9 g/cm2; P<0.05. Preload recruitable stroke work was reduced with rapid pacing (4.3+/-0.4 versus 1.2+/-0.2 dyne. cm/mm Hg; P<0.05) and was increased with selective MMPi (2.6+/-0.3 dyne. cm/mm Hg; P<0.05). Plasma norepinephrine increased by 6-fold in the rapid pacing group (P<0.05) and was reduced from untreated values with selective MMPi (P<0.05). At the myocardial level, myocyte cross-sectional area was increased with selective MMPi but fibrillar collagen volume fraction remained unchanged relative to control values. These results suggest that targeting a selective portfolio of myocardial MMP species for inhibition may provide a more rational therapeutic strategy in the setting of congestive heart failure.
Dietary Supplementation with Fish Oil in Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: William F. Stenson, David Cort, John Rodgers, Robert Burakoff, Katherine DeSchryver-Kecskemeti, Terri L. Gramlich, Warren Beeken
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1992)

Objective: To determine the efficacy of fish oil supplementation in patients with active ulcerative colitis. Design: Multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial with 4-month treatment periods (fish oil and placebo) separated by a 1-month washout. Setting: Four gastroenterology divisions. Patients: Twenty-four patients with active ulcerative colitis entered the study. Five dropped out, and one was noncompliant. Eighteen patients completed the study. All patients had active disease as manifested by diarrhea and rectal inflammation. Interventions: Treatment with prednisone and sulfasalazine was continued. Fish oil supplementation consisted of 18 Max-EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid) capsules daily (eicosapentaenoic acid, 3.24 g; and docosahexaenoic acid, 2.16 g). Placebo supplementation consisted of 18 identical capsules containing isocaloric amounts of vegetable oil. Measurements: Patients were evaluated at study entry and after each diet period. Evaluations included a review of symptoms, flexible sigmoidoscopy, rectal biopsy, and rectal dialysis to measure prostaglandin E2 and leukotriene B4 levels. Results: Fish oil supplementation resulted in a significant decrease in rectal dialysate levels of leukotriene B4 from 71.0 to 27.7 pg/mL (average change, - 43.3 pg/mL; 95% Cl, - 83 to - 3.6). Significant improvements were seen in acute histology index (average change, - 8.5 units from a baseline of 10.5 units; Cl, - 12.9 to - 4.2) and total histology index (average change, - 8.5 units from a baseline of 14.80;CI, - 13.2 to - 3.8) as well as significant weight gain (average weight gain, 1.74 kg, Cl, 0.94 to 2.54). No significant changes occurred in any variable during the placebo period. Seven patients received concurrent treatment with prednisone. During the fish oil supplementation period, the mean prednisone dose decreased from 12.9 mg/d to 6.1 mg/d and rose from 10.4 mg/d to 12.9 mg/d during the placebo diet period (P > 0.20). Conclusions: Four months of diet supplementation with fish oil in patients with inflammatory bowel disease resulted in reductions in rectal dialysate leukotriene B4 levels, improvements in histologic findings, and weight gain.
Informaticist services for policymakers will differ from those studied
Authors: H. Thornton-Jones
Journal: BMJ (2002)

EDITOR—We were pleased to see Greenhalgh et al's formal evaluation of two quite different informaticist services.1 Our own experience in facilitating evidence supported policymaking suggests that some of the points raised apply to policy as well as to practice, though additional points must be considered. Our developing approach has some commonality with both projects but is aimed at policymaking bodies comprising health professionals and lay representatives rather than groups of practitioners.

We decided that a “laboratory test service” approach would not be …
Abstract 5067: Neurofilament heavy polypeptide regulates the Akt-β-catenin pathway in human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Myoung Sook Kim, Xiaofei Chang, Cynthia LeBron, Jatin K. Nagpal, Juna Lee, Yiping Huang, Keishi Yamashita, Barry Trink, Edward A. Ratovitski, David Sidransky
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Aerobic glycolysis and mitochondrial dysfunction are common features of aggressive cancer growth. We observed promoter methylation and loss of expression in neurofilament heavy polypeptide (NEFH) in a significant proportion of primary esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) samples that were of a high tumor grade and advanced stage. RNA interference-mediated knockdown of NEFH accelerated ESCC cell growth in culture and increased tumorigenicity in vivo, whereas forced expression of NEFH significantly inhibited cell growth and colony formation. Loss of NEFH caused up-regulation of pyruvate kinase-M2 type and down-regulation of pyruvate dehydrogenase, via activation of the Akt/β-catenin pathway, resulting in enhanced aerobic glycolysis and mitochondrial dysfunction. The acceleration of glycolysis and mitochondrial dysfunction in NEFH-knockdown cells was suppressed in the absence of β-catenin expression, and was decreased by the treatment of 2-Deoxyglucose, a glycolytic inhibitor, or API-2, an Akt inhibitor. Loss of NEFH activates the Akt/β-catenin pathway and increases glycolysis and mitochondrial dysfunction. Cancer cells with methylated NEFH can be targeted for destruction with specific inhibitors of deregulated downstream pathways. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5067.
miR-30-HNF4γ and miR-194-NR2F2 regulatory networks contribute to the upregulation of metaplasia markers in the stomach
Authors: Josane F Sousa, Ki Taek Nam, Christine P Petersen, Hyuk-Joon Lee, Han-Kwang Yang, Woo Ho Kim, James R Goldenring
Journal: Gut (2015)

<h3>Objective</h3> Intestinal metaplasia and spasmolytic polypeptide-expressing metaplasia (SPEM) are considered neoplastic precursors of gastric adenocarcinoma and are both marked by gene expression alterations in comparison to normal stomach. Since miRNAs are important regulators of gene expression, we sought to investigate the role of miRNAs on the development of stomach metaplasias. <h3>Design</h3> We performed miRNA profiling using a quantitative reverse transcription-PCR approach on laser capture microdissected human intestinal metaplasia and SPEM. Data integration of the miRNA profile with a previous mRNA profile from the same samples was performed to detect potential miRNA-mRNA regulatory circuits. Transfection of gastric cancer cell lines with selected miRNA mimics and inhibitors was used to evaluate their effects on the expression of putative targets and additional metaplasia markers. <h3>Results</h3> We identified several genes as potential targets of miRNAs altered during metaplasia progression. We showed evidence that HNF4γ (upregulated in intestinal metaplasia) is targeted by miR-30 and that miR-194 targets a known co-regulator of HNF4 activity, NR2F2 (downregulated in intestinal metaplasia). Intestinal metaplasia markers such as VIL1, TFF2 and TFF3 were downregulated after overexpression of miR-30a in a HNF4γ-dependent manner. In addition, overexpression of HNF4γ was sufficient to induce the expression of VIL1 and this effect was potentiated by downregulation of NR2F2. <h3>Conclusions</h3> The interplay of the two transcription factors HNF4γ and NR2F2 and their coordinate regulation by miR-30 and miR-194, respectively, represent a miRNA to transcription factor network responsible for the expression of intestinal transcripts in stomach cell lineages during the development of intestinal metaplasia.
Interpretation of the contraindications to whooping cough vaccination.
Authors: D Hull
Journal: BMJ (1981)

The official recommendations on the contraindications to whooping cough immunisation are currently couched in general terms. The results of a simple inquiry made to directors of public health laboratories, general paediatriciains, paediatric neurologists, medical officers, general practitioners, and health visitors to see how they would interpret the contraindications in certain specific cases suggest that there is considerable uncertainty on how the contraindications should be interpreted. This is probably one factor responsible for the fall in the rate of whooping cough immunisation in the United Kingdom.
Management of Avulsion Fractures at the Base of the Fifth Metatarsal Bone
Authors: Sidney N. Eichenholtz
Journal: JAMA (1963)

FRACTURES at the base of the fifth metatarsal bone occur most often as a result of twisting injuries to the foot, and are frequently mistaken for sprains unless adequate x-ray studies are made. These injuries are seen with sufficient frequency by general practitioners to warrant a brief consideration of practical management. They occur in all ages from 10 to 70. The patient hobbles into the office or clinic with a painful swollen foot on which he cannot bear weight without increasing pain. The author has seen a large number of these injuries and has used a simple, practical program of treatment. <h3>Mechanism of Injury</h3> A sudden twisting of the forefoot applies a supinator force resulting in a rupture of the lateral interosseus ligament between the cuboid and fifth metatarsal base. The attachment of the peroneus brevis tendon is torn loose carrying with it a portion of the bone. Usually there
The British Medical Association: ITS CONSTITUTION AND GOVERNMENT: AN HISTORICAL SURVEY
Authors: J. C. McVail
Journal: BMJ (1924)

article ends in a dramatic situation occasioned by the advent of William Harvey armed with a dagger when Riolan is execrating "the Circulators," and especially their leader.Dr. 0. ILarsell describes the activities of A. A. Retzius (1736-1860), the anatomist, teacher, and public-spirited citizen, the first of whose numerous discoveries was that of the inter- renal organ in elasmobranchs, which is the homologue of the adrenal cortex in higher animals.Dr. W. R. Steiner's article on the conflict of medicine with quackery begins with a consideration of the meaning of the word, and quotes the definition of quack medicine his father gave sixty-four years ago as "'that mode of practising medicine which takes one idea and applies it to all kinds of diseases withioiut reference to their origin or administers one remedy for all possible diseases." fluring June and September there are few pleasanter trips to be imade in Europe than to go by road T'hrough Central ,France to the Pyrenee8.9The writer of a recent book with thistitle went in April, but found some consolation in that the country was fresh and the roads, when she took to them, and the hotels, when open, were little frequented.The main objectof the tour was to sketch, and the volume is enlivened by small landscapes, some in colours.The authoress sketches ,better than she writes, but there are some useful hints.The Paris, Lyons, and Mediterranean Railway has just issued a pamphlet describing its motor-car services in the Rhone Valley.This contains some really inviting woodcut illustra- tions, including one of the Pont du Gard, described in the book noticed above, and a coloured drawing of the famous bridge at Avignon.The elementary book on medicine by Dr. A. VON DOMARUS,10 director of the medical department of the Augusta Victoria Hospital in Berlin, intended as an introduction to the larger textbooks of medicine, contains concise descriptions of diseases, and will -doubtless prove useful to German students.We have noted, however, several omissions, such as the absence ot any reference to insulin in the treatment ot diabetes, to the Epstein diet in nephritis, or to the quartz lamp treatment of rickets; perhaps the most surprising omission is the lack of any allusion to the Schick test and immunization by toxin-antitoxin.T 2'hroutgh Central F'rance to the Pyrenees.By Maude Speed.Illus-
Why Moral Bioenhancement Is a Bad Idea and Why Egalitarianism Would Make It Worse
Authors: Silviya Lechner
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2014)

In a recent article, Robert Sparrow (2014) offers a critical response to proposals for moral bioenhancement advanced by Ingmar Persson and Julian Savulescu (2008; 2012; 2013) and Allen Buchanan (20...
THE TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINT IN RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS
Authors: THEODORE B. BAYLES
Journal: JAMA (1941)

The dental and medical professions have been interested simultaneously in the patient with rheumatoid arthritis only when a focus of infection in the mouth is thought to have an influence on the patient's systemic disease.<sup>1</sup>However, the treatment of involvement of the temporomandibular joint in rheumatoid arthritis is another condition which requires the intelligent cooperation of the dentist and the physician as involvement occurs in more than one half of patients with this disease. The dentist who encounters patients in his practice with ill defined syndromes of "facial neuralgia" or "stiffness of the jaw" must consider the possibility of these symptoms being early prodromes of rheumatoid arthritis. The physician treating rheumatoid arthritis should understand the anatomy, pathology and treatment and be able to give the proper prognosis in this condition, as the patient with the temporomandibular joint involved is apprehensive and fears eventual complete limitation of motion, as may
Differential expression of transforming growth factor-β and its receptors in hepatocytes and nonparenchymal cells of rat liver after CCl4 administration
Authors: Masataka Date, Koichi Matsuzaki, Masanori Matsushita, Kazushige Sakitani, Kayo Shibano, Ai Okajima, None Yamamoto, Nahoko Ogata, Tadayoshi Okumura, Toshihito Seki, Yoshitsugu Kubota, Mikio Kan, Wallace L. McKeehan, Kyoichi Inoue
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1998)
Human milk as a bioindicator for body burden of PCDDs, PCDFs, organochlorine pesticides, and PCBs.
Authors: P Fürst, C Fürst, K Wilmers
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1994)

In the State Laboratory of North Rhine-Westphalia for Food, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Chemistry (Chemisches Landesuntersuchungsamt), more than 600 individual human milk samples have been analyzed for polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs), and more than 1400 individual milk samples have been analyzed for organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) since 1984. All samples were collected on a voluntary basis from nursing mothers mostly living in North Rhine Westphalia, a federal state in Germany. The samples analyzed so far show a typical pattern of PCDDs and PCDFs. Out of the 210 possible congeners, only those with 2,3,7,8-chlorine substitution were found. While OCDD normally shows the highest concentration, the levels of the other dioxin congeners decrease with decreasing number of chlorine atoms. A different pattern was found for PCDFs. Within this group 2,3,4,7,8-P5CDF is the most abundant congener, followed by the hexachlorodibenzofurans. The mean level of tetrachlorodibenzodioxin (TCDD) was found to be of 3.2 pg/g on a fat basis and for total PCDDs and PCDFs, calculated as I-TEq (NATO/CMMS), 29.3 pg/g on a fat basis. The investigations of the past 2 years have revealed somewhat lower levels compared to former years. This might be an indication that the efforts undertaken to minimize dioxin emissions and to shut down known sources have already had an effect on the body burden of humans. Although mostly banned for a considerable period of time now, some lipophilic persistent pesticides such as DDT, dieldrin, hexachlorobenzene (HCB), and hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCH) can still be found in human milk.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
ON THE SPECIFICITY OF AGGLUTININS AND PRECIPITINS
Authors: K. Landsteiner, James van der Scheer
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1924)

The results of the partial saturation of precipitins with antigens related in derivation to the homologous one give no conclusive evidence of the regular existence in a single immune serum of multiple antibodies which act specifically on various chemical groups of the antigenic proteins. It seems possible to explain at least a part of the facts by the assumption that a single antibody will react to different degrees with several similar substances. By the partial absorption of hemagglutinins with heterologous blood, specific fractions were obtained. By such means one may readily differentiate the blood of related species, even when precipitins show but little difference. The peculiarities in specificity manifested by precipitinogens and agglutinogens suggest an essential difference in the chemical structures which determine the specificity of the two kinds of antigens.