tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Asymptomatic Coronary Artery Disease: Angiography in Diabetic Patients Before Renal Transplantation
Authors: L. A. WEINRAUCH
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1978)

Twenty-one juvenile-onset diabetic patients with azotemic nephropathy underwent coronary angiography and left ventriculography before renal transplantation or chronic hemodialysis. Two-year survival of 12 patients with no coronary artery disease (group A) was 88% compared to 22% for nine patients with coronary artery disease (group B) (P < 0.025). Each group A patient underwent renal transplantation (nine live-related, three cadaveric). Four group B patients received cadaveric allografts. Among group A patients two cadaveric allografts functioned while in group B patients no allografts were successful. In the absence of coronary artery disease, results were similar to those reported for nondiabetic persons. In the presence of coronary artery disease, 62% of the deaths were due to myocardial infarction or sudden death. These results indicate that atherosclerotic coronary artery disease is a major determinant of survival in diabetic patients undergoing chronic hemodialysis or renal transplantation.
Length of Medical Education
Authors: James T. Hamilton
Journal: JAMA (1976)

To the Editor.—  I was interested in the articles and letters on shortened medical education (234:387,1975; 235:1424, 1689,1701,1976). I believe that a good medical education could easily be achieved in three years; furthermore, good training could be achieved in family practice in an additional two years.  The opponents of a shortened curriculum basically state that what took four years to learn 15 years ago plus all the new medical knowledge can't all be crammed into three years of medical school. If medical school tries to only run through it all faster, this statement is correct.  However, the new knowledge makes it easier to learn faster. The old way was to memorize thousands of disparate facts in separate disciplines and then to try to put them all together in some concept of a functioning human body and, finally, to apply this to the ills of patients.  With all the new knowledge,
THE SIGNIFICANCE OF ASSAY METHODS FOR THE DERMATOLOGIST
Authors: C. D. CALNAN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1970)

Journal Article THE SIGNIFICANCE OF ASSAY METHODS FOR THE DERMATOLOGIST Get access C. D. CALNAN C. D. CALNAN Institute of Dermatology, St John's Hospital, London, W.C.2 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 82, Issue s6, 1 June 1970, Page 43, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1970.tb08004.x Published: 01 June 1970
Oncostatin M, a member of IL-6 family cytokines, induces MMP-9 expression and activation in vascular smooth muscle cells via ERK-mediated pathway
Authors: Tsuyoshi Nagata, Hisashi Kai, Rei Shibata, Yayoi Yoshida, Kaoru Moriyama, Tsutomu Imaizumi
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
Experience with Erlotinib in Lung Adenocarcinoma Harboring a Coexisting KIF5B-RET Fusion Gene and EGFR Mutation: Report of a Rare Case
Authors: Fumihiko Hirai, Mitsuhiro Takenoyama, Kenichi Taguchi, Ryo Toyozawa, Eiko Inamasu, Gouji Toyokawa, Tsukihisa Yoshida, Yoshimasa Shiraishi, Tomoyoshi Takenaka, Masafumi Yamaguchi, Chie Ushijima, Takashi Seto, Sadanori Takeo, Yukito Ichinose
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2014)
Medical Science and Technology
Authors: Samuel Vaisrub
Journal: JAMA (1981)

The intimate juxtaposition of science and technology—both often spoken of in the same breath—is currently threatened by those who view technological advances with mistrust. Nuclear fission and genetic engineering provoke almost as much apprehension among scientists as they do among laymen. Physicians, who also share these anxieties, have a few additional ones that relate more directly to their discipline. They are concerned mainly with the effects of technology on the cost of medical care and its erosive impact on diagnostic skills and on patient-physician relationships. Today's patient may have a rendezvous with a new, costly, sophisticated diagnostic or therapeutic device before he has a meaningful interview with his physician. The interjection of new techniques into the physician-patient relationship has been resented by zealous guardians of this relationship long before technology shifted into high gear. Many of Laënnec's contemporaries opposed the stethoscope because it interposed itself between the physician's ear and
Meniere, Meniere, or Meniere?
Authors: I. Syed, M. Burton
Journal: BMJ (2011)

<h3>Background and aim</h3> Heart rate (HR) is the most important parameter for evaluation of infants at birth. Studies using pulse oximetry (PO) have shown that healthy (pre)term infants can be bradycardic at birth. While HRs measured with PO (HR<sub>PO</sub>) and ECG (HR<sub>ECG</sub>) have been compared, time after birth was not a factor in the analysis. We compared HR<sub>ECG</sub> and HR<sub>PO</sub> at specific time points after birth, hypothesising that a discrepancy may exist immediately after birth. <h3>Methods</h3> ECG electrodes and a PO sensor were attached as soon as possible after birth in healthy pre (term) infants. PO data with Signal Identification and Quality &lt;0.30 were excluded. HR<sub>ECG</sub> and HR<sub>PO</sub> were compared every 30 s from 1–10 min. <h3>Results</h3> 755 data pairs of 53 patients were analysed. Median (range) gestational age was 36 (27–41) weeks. Data from ECG and PO were acquired from 82 (26) and 99 (33)s after birth. Median HR<sub>PO</sub> was &lt;100 bpm the first 2 min after which it rapidly increased. HR<sub>ECG</sub> remained stable at 150–160 bpm (table). <h3>Conclusion</h3> HR measured by PO is significantly lower compared to ECG, which has important implications for clinical care in the first minutes after birth.
Chemotherapy for Advanced Gastric Carcinoma
Authors: Daniel Haller
Journal: JAMA (1986)

To the Editor.—  We read with considerable interest and some concern the article by Cullinan et al 1 comparing the efficacy of three chemotherapeutic regimens, in particular the FAM combination (fluorouracil, Adriamycin [doxorubicin hydrochloride], and mitomycin C) in advanced gastric and pancreatic cancer. Although we agree that the literature does not fully support the use of doxorubicin-containing regimens for patients with pancreatic cancer, we believe that Cullinan's report is deficient in describing the potential benefits of combination chemotherapy in gastric cancer reported in other published trials.  The authors fail to cite the later (1980) Georgetown University experience utilizing FAM chemotherapy, in which 62 patients with advanced, measurable gastric cancer were treated and a 42% response rate, which was shown to correlate well with increased survival, was obtained. 2   The comparative trial of four chemotherapy combinations from the Gastrointestinal Tumor Study Group (1982) is not referenced. 3 This study, in which
Alzheimer amyloid-β oligomer bound to postsynaptic prion protein activates Fyn to impair neurons
Authors: Ji Won Um, Haakon B Nygaard, Jacqueline K Heiss, Mikhail A Kostylev, Massimiliano Stagi, Alexander Vortmeyer, Thomas Wisniewski, Erik C Gunther, Stephen M Strittmatter
Journal: Nature Neuroscience (2012)
Merck withdraws arthritis drug worldwide
Authors: Debashis Singh
Journal: BMJ (2004)

The pharmaceutical company Merck last week initiated a voluntary immediate worldwide withdrawal of its bestselling arthritis drug rofecoxib (Vioxx), because new research shows that it almost doubles the risk of myocardial infarction and stroke if taken for 18 months or more.

Rofecoxib, a cyclo-oxygenase-2 selective inhibitor, has been on the market since 1999 and is used by 2 million people in over 80 countries worldwide with 400 000 taking it in the United Kingdom. It is indicated for osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis, and higher dose strengths are indicated for short term relief of acute pain (VioxxAcute).

The new study, …
An unusual autoimmune hemolytic anemia in a patient with immunoblastic sarcoma
Authors: John Freedman, Lim Fang Cheng, David Murray, Robert Myers
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1983)

Abstract This report describes a patient with immunoblastic sarcoma and autoimmune hemolytic anemia with reticulocytopenia and red cell hypoplasia. Both IgG and IgM red cell autoantibodies were present in the patient's serum, and both antibodies had the uncommon specificity of anti‐I T . This report appears to be the first to describe IgG auto anti‐I T and autoimmune hemolytic anemia in a patient who did not have Hodgkin's disease; the laboratory findings and clinical course are described. The reticulocytopenia and red cell hypoplasia may have been immunologically mediated. The patient responded to plasma exchange, corticosteroids, and chemotherapy.
Proximity of California public schools to busy roads.
Authors: Rochelle S Green, Svetlana Smorodinsky, Janice J Kim, Robert McLaughlin, Bart Ostro
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2003)

Residential proximity to busy roads has been associated with adverse health outcomes, and school location may also be an important determinant of children's exposure to traffic-related pollutants. The goal of this study was to examine the characteristics of public schools (grades K-12) in California (n = 7,460) by proximity to major roads. We determined maximum daily traffic counts for all roads within 150 m of the school using a statewide road network and a geographic information system. Statewide, 173 schools (2.3%) with a total enrollment of 150,323 students were located within 150 m of high-traffic roads (greater than or equal to 50,000 vehicles/day); 536 schools (7.2%) were within 150 m of medium-traffic roads (25,000-49,999 vehicles/day). Traffic exposure was related to race/ethnicity. For example, the overall percentage of nonwhite students was 78% at the schools located near high-traffic roads versus 60% at the schools with very low exposure (no streets with counted traffic data within 150 m). As the traffic exposure of schools increased, the percentage of both non-Hispanic black and Hispanic students attending the schools increased substantially. Traffic exposure was also related to school-based and census-tract-based socioeconomic indicators, including English language learners. The median percentage of children enrolled in free or reduced-price meal programs increased from 40.7% in the group with very low exposure to 60.5% in the highest exposure group. In summary, a substantial number of children in California attend schools close to major roads with very high traffic counts, and a disproportionate number of those students are economically disadvantaged and nonwhite.
Abstract B02: Protein Kinase C iota is required for the maintenance of a tumor-initiating cell phenotype in lung squamous cell carcinoma.
Authors: Verline Justilien, Michael P. Walsh, Syed A. Ali, E. A. Thompson, Alan P. Fields
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Background: Protein kinase C iota (PKCι) is an oncogene that is frequently targeted for tumor-specific gene amplification in human cancers harboring the 3q26 amplicon including Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma (NSCLC). PKCι is required for the maintenance of the transformed phenotype of NSCLC cells in vitro and in vivo. In addition, PKCι is critical for lung tumorigenesis in the LSL-K-rasG12D mouse model of NSCLC. Recently, we demonstrated that genetic disruption of Prkcι/λ; in LSL-K-rasG12D mice blocks K-ras-mediated expansion and morphological transformation of bronchioalveolar stem cells (BASCs), the first identifiable step in K-ras-mediated transformation in this model. These results demonstrate that PKCι plays a requisite role in tumor initiation, and suggest that PKCι may serve a similar role in the tumor-initiating activity of lung cancer stem cells. Our current studies aim to identify and characterize the molecular signaling pathway(s) by which PKCι regulates the biology of human lung squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) tumor initiating cells (TICs) isolated from LSCC cell lines and primary tumors. Methods: Cultures enriched in TICs were established from LSCC lines or primary human LSCC tumors that harbor PRKCI amplification. PKCι expression in TIC cultures was inhibited by lentiviral shRNA, and the effect of PKCι knockdown on their stem-like properties was assessed. Whole genome deep sequencing analysis was performed on mRNA from parental, control TIC and PKCι knockdown TIC cultures in order to identify PKCι-regulated targets and signaling pathways in TICs. Results: LSCC TIC cultures express putative stem cell markers, and exhibit clonal expansion, self-renewal, enhanced anchorage-independent growth and tumorigenic potential in vivo. RNAi-mediated knockdown of PKCι inhibited TIC growth, clonal expansion, transformed growth and tumor initiation. mRNA sequencing revealed that PKCι regulates the expression and function of critical molecules involved in the stem-like phenotype of LSCC TICs. Details of PKCι-mediated signaling in LSCC TICs will be discussed. Conclusions: PKCι is required for maintenance of a highly tumorigenic stem-like population of cells in human LSCC. Given the prevalence of 3q26 amplification in human cancer, PKCι may regulate the biology of TICs in tumor types other than LSCC. Our results provide a rationale for therapeutic targeting of PKCι in LSCC TICs. Citation Format: Verline Justilien, Michael P. Walsh, Syed A. Ali, E. A. Thompson, Alan P. Fields. Protein Kinase C iota is required for the maintenance of a tumor-initiating cell phenotype in lung squamous cell carcinoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-IASLC Joint Conference on Molecular Origins of Lung Cancer; 2014 Jan 6-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2014;20(2Suppl):Abstract nr B02.
Abstract A45: Investigating the role of ASCL1 in regulating differentiation of gliobastoma precursor cells
Authors: Nicole I. Park, Peter B. Dirks
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Glioblastoma (GBM), the most common and lethal adult primary brain tumour, exhibits cellular heterogeneity and a subpopulation of tumour cells exhibits the neural precursor phenotype and drives tumourigenesis. These findings suggest that tumours may represent aberrant organogenesis with growth caused by unlimited proliferation and failure of differentiation of malignant precursor cells. It has yet to be determined the relative importance of aberrant self-renewal versus blocked differentiation in the brain tumour phenotype. As GBM-initiating cells have precursor cell properties, promotion of differentiation represents a potential strategy for treatment. Forcing glioblastoma precursor cells (GPCs) to differentiate terminally would limit clonal expansion and attenuate tumour growth. Data generated in our lab suggests that differentiation potential varies between different patient-derived GPC cultures. This study aims to determine what defines a blocked differentiation phenotype in human glioblastoma and to determine whether differentiation therapy is a feasible strategy for glioblastoma treatment. A key regulator of neuronal differentiation is ASCL1 during normal development and adult neurogenesis. Microarray analysis of ASCL1 expression in GPCs (n = 33) revealed two subgroups of GPCs as having either high or low expression. Preliminary evidence suggests that GPCs with high expression of ASCL1 exhibit neuronal lineage commitment whereas GPCs with low expression of ASCL1 do not undergo lineage commitment. This was confirmed using immunocytochemistry, quantitative real-time PCR and Western blot analysis. Furthermore, an inverse correlation was observed between transcript levels of ASCL1 and DKK1, an antagonist of the Wnt signalling pathway, while a direct correlation was observed between ASCL1 and activated β-catenin (ABC). Treatment of GPCs with a GSK3β inhibitor resulted in the activation of Wnt signalling and concomitant increase in transcript levels of ASCL1 and neuronal lineage markers (i.e. TUJ1, MAP2). This study aims to further investigate the role of ASCL1 in glioblastoma and to determine whether neuronal lineage commitment in the context of ASCL1 activity is mediated in a Wnt-dependent manner. Gain- and loss-of-function studies are in progress to determine whether ASCL1 is sufficient and/or necessary for neuronal lineage commitment and consequent effects on tumour-initiating properties (i.e. proliferation and self-renewal) will be examined in vitro and in vivo. Citation Format: Nicole I. Park, Peter B. Dirks. Investigating the role of ASCL1 in regulating differentiation of gliobastoma precursor cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Third AACR International Conference on Frontiers in Basic Cancer Research; Sep 18-22, 2013; National Harbor, MD. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(19 Suppl):Abstract nr A45.
Insecticidal Bed Nets and Filariasis Transmission in Papua New Guinea
Authors: Lisa J. Reimer, Edward K. Thomsen, Daniel J. Tisch, Cara N. Henry-Halldin, Peter A. Zimmerman, Manasseh E. Baea, Henry Dagoro, Melinda Susapu, Manuel W. Hetzel, Moses J. Bockarie, Edwin Michael, Peter M. Siba, James W. Kazura
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2013)

Global efforts to eliminate lymphatic filariasis are based on the annual mass administration of antifilarial drugs to reduce the microfilaria reservoir available to the mosquito vector. Insecticide-treated bed nets are being widely used in areas in which filariasis and malaria are coendemic.
My Name Is Legionella
Authors: Samuel Vaisrub
Journal: JAMA (1980)

Unlike wool-sorter's disease, coal miners' disease, or chicken plucker's disease, Legionnaires' disease is not even remotely occupation related. The name owes its origin to a constellation of events, which are of interest mainly because they illustrate that disease can still influence, albeit on a miniature scale, the course of history. Bubonic plague, cholera, malaria, and other pandemic diseases have decimated armies, devastated cities, and toppled empires. Legionnaires' disease, which struck with dramatic suddenness in the summer of 1976, did none of these. It did, however, cause a landmark hotel to close its doors, a great city to lose some of its attractiveness for tourists and conventioneers, and a rational, stable society to indulge in wild rumors and speculations. Fortunately, much of the mystery surrounding the disease was dispelled within a relatively short time. In the spring of 1977 its mode of spread was clarified, its treatment was established, and its
Renal Failure After Angiography-Reply
Authors: Robert A. Mason
Journal: JAMA (1985)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> Our study indicated that angiography with hyperosmotic contrast agents was associated with a transient but significant fall in creatinine clearance in approximately one third of patients. We could demonstrate no relation between the dosage of contrast or the baseline renal function and the postangiography fall in creatinine clearance. Those patients (N=22) with a serum creatinine level of more than 1.5 mg/dL received an average of 102 mL (67 g of diatrizoate meglumine) of contrast material and demonstrated a 36% incidence of a significant reduction in creatinine clearance. Similarly, the 98 patients with a baseline serum creatinine level of 1.5 mg/dL or less received an average of 106 mL (63 g) of contrast material and had a 30% incidence of a significant fall in creatinine clearance. Likewise, a subset of patients whose baseline creatinine clearance was less than 50 mL/min (N=20) received a mean of 108 mL (68 g)
Cholecystography With lopanoic Acid "Reinforcement" Before Initial Study
Authors: Paul Mandelstam
Journal: JAMA (1975)

An estimated 15 million Americans are afflicted with gallstones;<sup>1</sup>the differential diagnosis of biliary tract disease is one of the major problems of adult clinical medicine. Oral cholecystography has long been the mainstay of roentgen evaluation, and iopanoic acid (Telepaque) has for many years been the agent most frequently used for this examination. More than 20 years of extensive clinical use has established the safety of this agent; administration of very large doses in the presence of severe hepatorenal disease appears to be the only specific contraindication. Since the initial report in 1959,<sup>2</sup>a number of studies have confirmed that gallbladder opacification sufficient for diagnosis is not obtained in 20% to 30% of patients administered iopanoic acid in the usual initial dose of 3 gm. When the initial dose results in total nonopacification of the gallbladder, reinforcement with a second dose of 3 gm results in a normal
Tuberculin Skin-Test Conversion in Vietnam
Authors: JOSEPH M. SACHS
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1970)

The 1969 annual reports of tuberculin retesting for Navy and Marine Corps units assigned to the Republic of Vietnam are summarized. Of 79,584 men tested, 791 were reported as "converters" of purified protein derivative S. This is approximately a 0.99% annual conversion rate, which is well below the 5% annual conversion rate recommended as an indication for institution of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin vaccine. Under present conditions secondary chemoprophylaxis with isoniazid will remain the control method for Navy and Marine Corps personnel.
Relation Between Symptom Duration Before Thrombolytic Therapy and Final Myocardial Infarct Size
Authors: Merritt H. Raitt, Charles Maynard, Galen S. Wagner, Manuel D. Cerqueira, Ron H. Selvester, W. Douglas Weaver
Journal: Circulation (1996)

Background Myocardial salvage is most likely to occur when thrombolytic therapy is administered within 4 to 6 hours of the onset of symptoms of myocardial infarction. The impact of delays within this early time period on final myocardial infarct size are unknown. The purpose of this study was to quantitate the relation between final myocardial infarct size and duration of symptoms before initiation of thrombolytic therapy in patients treated within 6 hours of symptom onset. Methods and Results The findings from patients in four prospective randomized trials of thrombolytic therapy were combined for analysis. The study population consisted of 432 patients presenting within 6 hours of onset of symptoms of first acute myocardial infarction who met ECG criteria that allowed estimation of myocardial area at risk before treatment with thrombolytic therapy and who had thallium-201 myocardial infarct–size measurements performed several weeks after infarction. ECG analysis revealed no difference in myocardium at risk for infarction as a function of duration of symptoms before initiation of thrombolytic therapy. In contrast, univariate and multivariate analysis showed that final infarct size was highly dependent on duration of symptoms before initiation of therapy. Each 30-minute increase in symptom duration before thrombolytic therapy was associated with an increase in infarct size of 1% of the myocardium. Final infarct size in patients treated 4 to 6 hours after symptom onset was indistinguishable from patients who did not receive thrombolytic therapy. Conclusions These findings suggest that for patients treated within 4 to 6 hours of the onset of symptoms, there is a progressive decline in the extent of myocardium salvaged as the duration of symptoms before therapy increases. These results support efforts to minimize the time delay between symptom onset and initiation of reperfusion therapy in all eligible patients.