tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Trusts can take cost into account when deciding drug treatment
Authors: Clare Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Last week's Appeal Court judgment to force the NHS to pay for trastuzumab (Herceptin) will not oblige primary care trusts to fund the drug for every woman whose oncologist prescribes it—although most of the media reported that it would.

Three Appeal Court judges headed by the master of the rolls, Anthony Clarke, unanimously ruled that Swindon NHS Primary Care Trust irrationally and unlawfully refused to pay for the treatment for Ann Marie Rogers, 54, who has early stage HER2 positive breast cancer.

The drug has been licensed and assessed …
Clinical Depressions: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Challenges
Authors: John P. Callan
Journal: JAMA (1981)

Depression, like the poor, it seems, may be always with us. But recent advances in the pharmacotherapy of depression may make it easier to eradicate depression than poverty. Melancholia has been recognized as a major medical disorder since ancient times and it continues to be a large problem today. It is estimated that 100 million persons throughout the world suffer from depression, and probably close to 50% of patients who consult physicians have some primary or secondary depressive features. It may be that with such widespread prevalence, depression is both underdiagnosed and undertreated. <i>Clinical Depressions: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Challenges</i>is a book that takes a fresh look at depression and highlights recent advances in the therapy of that condition. In many respects, the book is excellent, but as occurs with many multiauthored books, it has an uneven quality.<i>Clinical Depressions</i>is an account of the proceedings of a clinical symposium
1007-177 Predictors of major hemorrhage following initiation of warfarin therapy
Authors: Henock Saint-Jacques, Anne S Hellkamp, David E Kandzari, Christopher M O'Connor, Robert Daly, Stephen L Kopecky, Anatoly Langer, David Vorchheimer, Patrick T O'Gara, Valentin Fuster, Robert M Califf, Robert A Harrington
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Up-regulated MHC-class II expression and γ-IFN and soluble IL-2R in lupus nephritis
Authors: Hitoshi Yokoyama, Toshikazu Takabatake, Masayoshi Takaeda, Takashi Wada, Takero Naito, Kenzo Ikeda, Satoshi Goshima, Kazuya Takasawa, Naohisa Tomosugi, Ken-ichi Kobayashi, Hiroshi Kida
Journal: Kidney International (1992)
Significantly Higher Rates of Gastrointestinal Bleeding and Thromboembolic Events With Left Ventricular Assist Devices
Authors: Charles W Shrode, Karen V Draper, Robert J Huang, Jamie L W Kennedy, Adam C Godsey, Christine C Morrison, Vanessa M Shami, Andrew Y Wang, John A Kern, James D Bergin, Gorav Ailawadi, Dipanjan Banerjee, Lauren B Gerson, Bryan G Sauer
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2014)
A Rare but Serious Side Effect of Levofloxacin
Authors: Mehmet Kanbay, Timucin Aydogan, Rifat Bozalan, Ayse Isik, Burak Uz, Arif Kaya, Ali Akcay
Journal: Diabetes Care (2006)

Drugs should always be considered in the differential diagnosis of hypoglycemia. Fluoroquinolones have rarely been associated with hypoglycemia (1,2). Levofloxacine, which belongs to the fluoroquinolone group of antibiotics, has previously been reported to cause hypoglycemia in only one patient who was also receiving oral antidiabetic drugs (2). Herein, we describe an elderly patient with hypoglycemia associated with levofloxacine therapy who did use oral antidiabetic drugs or insulin.

A 64-year-old female with type 2 diabetes treated only by diet was interned for urinary infection and pneumonia. She had no history of malabsorbtion or oral intolerance. The patient’s weight was 84 kg, and she was 157 cm tall (corresponding to a BMI of 34.1 kg/m2). Her current medications included coraspin, omeprazole, and atorvastatin. Cefuroxime 3 × 750 mg/day i.v. was started. During cefuroxime therapy, her blood glucose levels were within normal limits with diet. …
LOX-1 Mediates Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein-Induced Expression of Matrix Metalloproteinases in Human Coronary Artery Endothelial Cells
Authors: Dayuan Li, Ling Liu, Hongjiang Chen, Tatsuya Sawamura, Subramanian Ranganathan, Jawahar L. Mehta
Journal: Circulation (2003)

Oxidized LDL (ox-LDL) accumulation in the atherosclerotic region may enhance plaque instability. Both accumulation of ox-LDL and expression of its lectin-like receptor, LOX-1, have been shown in atherosclerotic regions. This study was designed to examine the role of LOX-1 in the modulation of metalloproteinases (MMP-1 and MMP-3) in human coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAECs).HCAECs were incubated with ox-LDL (10 to 80 micro g/mL) for 1 to 24 hours. Ox-LDL increased the expression of MMP-1 (collagenase) and MMP-3 (stromelysin-1) in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. Ox-LDL also increased collagenase activity. Ox-LDL did not significantly affect the expression of tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases. Native LDL had no effect on the expression of MMPs. The effects of ox-LDL were mediated by its endothelial receptor, LOX-1, because pretreatment of HCAECs with a blocking antibody to LOX-1 (JTX92, 10 micro g/mL) prevented the expression of MMPs in response to ox-LDL (P<0.01). In parallel experiments, ox-LDL caused the activation of protein kinase C (PKC), which was inhibited by LOX-1 antibody. The PKC-beta isoform played a critical role in the expression of MMPs, because the PKC-beta inhibitor hispidin reduced ox-LDL-induced activation of PKC and the expression of MMPs. Other PKC subunits (alpha, gamma, and epsilon) did not affect the expression of MMPs.These findings indicate that ox-LDL, via LOX-1 activation, modulates the expression and activity of MMPs in HCAECs. In this process, activation of the PKC-beta subunit plays an important signaling role.
An unusual cause of shoulder pain
Authors: P Wong, J V Bertouch, G A C Murrell, M Hersch, P P Youssef
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1999)

A 20 year old man with no significant past medical problems presented with a six week history of gradual onset diffuse left shoulder and scapula pain. Two weeks before the onset of pain he had started work as a builder, performing heavy lifting. There was no history of injury or other precipitant. In the week before presenting, the severity of the pain prevented him from working despite regular analgesia. He did not complain of upper limb weakness. No constitutional symptoms were present. There was no preceding viral-like illness or vaccination.

On examination, there was left infraspinatus tenderness and wasting (see fig 1) with weakness of external rotation of the shoulder. Power in other muscle groups around the left shoulder was normal. All upper limb reflexes were present and sensation was normal. Examination of the left axilla revealed five small mobile lymph nodes. There was no other lymphadenopathy or splenomegaly.



Figure 1 
Left infraspinatus wasting. (View from behind the patient).



Computed tomography (CT) of the left scapula and axilla was performed to determine if significant lymphadenopathy was present, for example, because of lymphomatous involvement. It showed wasting of the muscles surrounding the scapula but no mass lesions in the region of the brachial plexus. There were non-enlarged lymph nodes in the axilla.

Electromyographic (EMG) assessment revealed profuse fibrillations and positive sharp waves …
99mTc-PIPIDA Biliary Imaging in Children
Authors: JOHN R. STY, DONALD P. BABBITT, ROBERT A. BOEDECKER, NANCY THOMPSON
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1979)

A report of 99mTc-PIPIDA as a diagnostic biliary agent in children is presented. The laboratory values and radiologic examinations are included to demonstrate the clinical value of the agent in evaluating both congenital and acquired pediatric biliary tract abnormalities. The role of 99mTc biliary tract imaging in children is discussed.
Lysis of tumor biopsy cells by autologous T lymphocytes activated in mixed cultures and propagated with T cell growth factor.
Authors: F Vánky, T Gorsky, Y Gorsky, M G Masucci, E Klein
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1982)

Blood lymphocytes from tumor patients were cocultivated with allogeneic lymphocytes (MLC) or autologous tumor cells (ATS), and their cytotoxicity was characterized. The main objective of the study was the lysis of autologous tumor biopsy cells by such effectors. Lymphocytes of patients activated in MLC lysed allogeneic third-party cells and in some cases also lysed autologous tumor cells. Allogeneic but not autologous PHA blasts were also damaged by these effectors. The cytotoxic potential of MLC-activated lymphocytes from healthy donors was similar; allogeneic tumors and phytohemagglutinin (PHA) blasts but not autologous PHA blasts were lysed. The cytotoxicity of lymphocytes activated in ATS were specific for the stimulator because they acted only on the autologous tumor cells. Allogeneic tumors and autologous and allogeneic PHA blasts were not lysed. The pattern of cytotoxicity with regard to this target panel was maintained when the MLC or ATS cultures were further propagated with TCGF. Results obtained in cold target competition assays suggested (a) activated lymphocyte lyse the third party tumor targets because of alloantigen recognition; (b) in MLC several different sets of alloreactive cytotoxic lymphocytes are present simultaneously; and (c) the alloreactive cells are different than those that act on the autologous tumor cells. Thus, the lysis of allogeneic tumor cells by lymphocytes of the patient is not due to recognition of cross-reacting tumor-related antigens, and the autotumor cytotoxicity of the patients' MLC-activated lymphocytes if performed by specifically reacting cells.
SCHISTOSOMAL GRANULOMA OF THE SKIN.
Authors: M. EL-ZAWAHRY
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1965)

The skin may be infested by the various species of Schistosoma in the same way as other organ systems. Many times skin lesions are overlooked because they are often of little importance symptomatically. Then, too, with serious systemic involvement lesions in the skin are of less importance. Lesions in the skin are not rare, and effort should be made to recognize them. Many times they are the presenting sign of a serious systemic involvement and occasionally they afford the earliest opportunity to make a diagnosis.  The usual life cycle of the schistosome involves a primary host in which ova containing miracidia are formed, and a secondary host in which the miracidia develop into cercariae which infest man. * Usually the secondary host is an organism like the snail, and the opportunity for infestation is provided by contact with water containing the cercariae. In respect to symptoms in
Identification of the HLA-Cw*0702-Restricted Tumor-Associated Antigen Recognized by a CTL Clone from a Lung Cancer Patient
Authors: Yoshika Nagata, Takeshi Hanagiri, Mitsuhiro Takenoyama, Takashi Fukuyama, Makiko Mizukami, Tetsuya So, Yoshinobu Ichiki, Masakazu Sugaya, Kenji Sugio, Kosei Yasumoto
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2005)

Abstract Purpose: A large number of tumor-associated antigens have been used in vaccination trials for mainly melanomas. Our purpose of this study is to identify a novel tumor antigen useful for immunotherapy of lung cancer patients. Experimental Design: Analysis of an autologous tumor-specific CTL clone F2a that was established from regional lymph node lymphocytes of a patient with lung cancer (A904) by a mixed lymphocyte-tumor cell culture. Results: F2a recognized and killed autologous tumor cells (A904L), whereas it did not respond to autologous EBV-transformed B cells, phytohemagglutinin-blastoid T cells, and K562 cells. cDNA clone 31.2 was isolated by using cDNA expression cloning method as a gene encoding antigen. This gene was identical to the reported gene whose function was unknown. The antigen encoded by the cDNA was recognized by the CTL in a HLA-Cw*0702-restricted manner. Furthermore, a 9-mer peptide at positions 659 to 685 in cDNA clone 31.2 was identified as a novel epitope peptide. The CTL recognized some allogeneic cancer cell lines with HLA-Cw*0702 as well as some HLA-Cw*0702-negative cell lines when transfected with HLA-Cw*0702, thus indicating that the identified antigen was a cross-reactive antigen. Conclusions: Although exact mechanism to process the encoded protein and present the antigen in the context of HLA class I remains to be elucidated, the CTL recognized some of tumor cells in the context of HLA-Cw*0702 but did not recognize a variety of normal cells and also autologous EBV-transformed B cells. These results indicated that the antigen identified in this study may therefore be a possible target of tumor-specific immunotherapy for lung cancer patients.
Multiple author trend worst in medicine.
Authors: J L Onwude, A Staines, R J Lilford
Journal: BMJ (1993)

patients with extensive psoriasis who applied 200 g of calcipotriol for one week followed by 300 g for a second week.Mean serum calcium concentration rose from 2 26mmol/1 to 2-33mmolQ (p<0-01; normal values 2 1-2-6mmolI/) and mean urinary calcium excretion from 4-79 mmol/24 h to 7-27mmol/24h (p<0-01).None ofthem developed hypercalcaemia, and in all of them changes in serum calcium concentration were seen within the first two weeks of treatment, values falling rapidly (two weeks) after withdrawal of calcipotriol.This is to be expected given the rapid systemic metabolism of calcipotriol and the inactivity of its metabolites.5We suggest that delayed hypercalcaemia in the two patients of Hardman and colleagues is an unexpected event.On the basis of these two cases the authors recommend monitoring serum calcium concentration routinely in patients using calcipotriol.Before this recommendation can be accepted other causes of hypercalcaemia must be excluded in these cases.All other available evidence indicates that serum calcium concentra- tion remains unaltered with a dose of less than lOOg of calcipotriol a week.At the upper limit of the recommended dose there is a small effect on calcium homoeostasis.This is detectable by measuring urinary calcium excretion but serum calcium concentration is unchanged.
Abstract 3291: Geranylgeranylation signals to the hippo pathway for breast cancer cell proliferation and migration
Authors: Wenyi Mi, Qiong Lin, Chandra Childress, Wannian Yang
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Protein geranylgeranylation (GGylation) is an important biochemical process for cellular localization of many signaling molecules including Rho and Rab small GTPases and heterotrimeric GTPase gamma subunits. Previous studies have shown that GGylation is essential for cancer cell survival. However, the molecular mechanism mediating the cell survival effect remains elusive. Here we show that the hippo pathway is the downstream pathway of GGylation in breast cancer cells. Inhibition of GGylation enhanced phosphorylation of Mst1, Mst2 and Lats1 kinases, and eliminated LPA-induced activation of Yap and Taz and the hippo pathway-dependent transcription of Cyr61 and CTGF. We have demonstrated that the inhibitory effects of atorvastatin, an inhibitor of the biosynthesis of geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (GGPP), and GGTI-298, an inhibitor of geranylgeranyltransferase I (GGTase I), on cell proliferation and migration are dependent on the hippo pathway in the breast cancer cells. In addition, knockdown of Yap and Taz produced the similar inhibitory effect on the cell proliferation and migration to that of atorvastatin and GGTI-298, suggesting the functional correlation between GGylation and the hippo signaling. Thus, our studies have demonstrated that the hippo pathway mediates the GGylation-dependent cancer cell survival and migration. Citation Format: Wenyi Mi, Qiong Lin, Chandra Childress, Wannian Yang. Geranylgeranylation signals to the hippo pathway for breast cancer cell proliferation and migration. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 3291. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-3291
Potassium Therapy for Digitalis Toxicity
Authors: Alfred Soffer
Journal: JAMA (1963)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —Other aspects of the investigation of Kunin and associates and the editorial comments upon the subject are equally pertinent. Serum potassium concentration may fall even if potassium is administered with saline solution. Also, potassium therapy after the patient has received digitalis in toxic amounts (rather than therapeutic) would be more likely to precipitate hyperpotassemic, not hypopotassemic, ventricular arrhythmias. It would be quite immodest for me to agree with Dr. Trimble that the editorial inThe Journal(<b>180</b>:775 [June 2] 1962) presents "an excellent commentary" on this subject. I wrote that editorial.
Contribution of sinusoidal endothelial liver cells to liver fibrosis: Expression of transforming growth factor-β1 receptors and modulation of plasmin-generating enzymes by transforming growth factor-β1
Authors: Hartmut Rieder, Thomas Armbrust, Karl-Hermann Meyer zum Büschenfelde, Giuliano Ramadori
Journal: Hepatology (1993)

Transforming growth factor-beta 1 is an important cytokine in the pathophysiology of liver fibrosis, stimulating the production of extracellular matrix. Whether this cytokine can also control the degradation of matrix proteins in liver cells has not been investigated. Because plasmin is an important protease for the degradation of matrix glycoproteins, we investigated whether sinusoidal endothelial liver cells could contribute to fibrosing liver disease through the modulation of plasmin-generating enzymes in response to transforming growth factor-beta 1. Sinusoidal endothelial cells from guinea pig liver were investigated in pure monolayer culture. Using 125I-labelled transforming growth factor-beta, we demonstrated high-affinity binding sites on sinusoidal endothelial cells at a density of 9.3 x 10(2) per cell, and a dissociation constant of about 5.5 x 10(-11) mol/L. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed the known three classes of membrane receptors for transforming growth factor-beta. Using biosynthetic labeling of proteins with 35S-methionine, immunoprecipitation and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, we showed that sinusoidal endothelial cells produce and secrete plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 from the beginning of culture. Treatment of confluent cell cultures for 24 hr with transforming growth factor-beta 1 increased synthesis and release of plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1. The response was almost maximal at a concentration of 1 ng transforming growth factor-beta/ml and paralleled the increased synthesis of fibronectin. On reverse fibrin autography we proved that transforming growth factor-beta 1 stimulated the release of functionally active plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Use of Ultra-High-Resolution Optical Coherence Tomography to Detect In Vivo Characteristics of Descemet's Membrane in Fuchs' Dystrophy
Authors: Mohamed Abou Shousha, Victor L. Perez, Jianhua Wang, Takeshi Ide, Shuliang Jiao, Qi Chen, Victoria Chang, Nancy Buchser, Sander R. Dubovy, William Feuer, Sonia H. Yoo
Journal: Ophthalmology (2010)
Abstract 255: Addition of biologic therapy to traditional disease-modifying anti-inflammatory drugs and the risk of cancer in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a nationwide cohort study
Authors: Yi-Ju Chen, Chun-Ying Wu, Der-Yuan Chen, Jui-Lung Shen, Hsiu J. Ho, Han-Nan Liu, Yun-Ting Chang, Ken-Nan Kuo
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is associated with certain types of cancer. The add-on effect of biologics on cancer occurrence in long-term RA remains unknown. We aimed to investigate the relative risk of cancer development among RA patients combining biologics with traditional disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs). Methods: We conducted a nationwide cohort study between March 2003 and December 2010 using the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD). A total of 42,263 patients with RA who received long term DMARDs were identified. The risk of newly diagnosed cancer was compared between patients taking biologics in addition to DMARDs (biologics cohort, N=4,119) and four-fold propensity score-matched control patients taking nonbiologic DMARDs only (biologics-naive cohort, N=16,476). Cumulative incidences and hazard ratios (HR) were calculated after adjusting for competing mortality. Multivariate analyses were performed using Cox proportional hazards model. Results: The incidence rates of cancer among biologics and biologics-naive cohorts were 2.09 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.31-2.86) and 3.25 (95% CI 2.76-3.74) per 1000 person-years, respectively (p=0.03). On modified Cox proportional hazards analysis, the risk of cancer was significantly reduced in subjects in biologics cohort (adjusted HR 0.61, 95% CI 0.40-0.94, p=0.025) in comparison with subjects in biologics-naive cohort, after adjusting for age, gender, disease duration, major co-morbidities, and prior use of DMARDs and corticosteroids. The effect of biologics was consistent across all multivariate stratified analyses; and the association between biologics use and cancer risk was independent of dosage of concomitant use of non-biological DMARDs. Conclusion: RA patients taking biologics plus long term traditional DMARDs therapy are associated with a lower risk of cancer when compared with RA patients taking traditional DMARDs alone. Citation Format: Yi-Ju Chen, Chun-Ying Wu, Der-Yuan Chen, Jui-Lung Shen, Hsiu J. Ho, Han-Nan Liu, Yun-Ting Chang, Ken-Nan Kuo. Addition of biologic therapy to traditional disease-modifying anti-inflammatory drugs and the risk of cancer in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a nationwide cohort study. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 255. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-255
Internal sphincter and the nature of haemorrhoids.
Authors: B D Hancock
Journal: Gut (1977)

Internal anal sphincter activity has been studied in 84 patients with haemorrhoids and 40 asymptomatic subjects. Activity was estimated by measuring maximum resting anal pressure with a water filled anal balloon probe 7 mm in diameter connected to a strain gauge pressure transducer. There was greater activity of the internal sphincter in patients with haemorrhoids than in controls, but there was no significant relationship between sphincter activity and duration of symptoms, predominant symptom (bleeding or prolapse), severity of symptoms, history of pain, history of straining at stool, or size of haemorrhoids. Straining at stool occurred significantly more often in patients whose main complaint was prolapse than in those whose main complaint was bleeding. Anal dilatation reduced sphincter activity and the best clinical results were obtained in those with the most active sphincter. An internal sphincter abnormality may be an aetiological factor in some patients but there must be other factors as well. Straining at stool may determine whether bleeding or prolapse is the predominant symptom.
Statins in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease: Evidence from Systematic Reviews and Randomized Clinical Trials
Authors: Sankar D Navaneethan, Francesca Pansini, Giovanni F. M Strippoli
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2006)

Good evidence supports the widespread use of statins for cardiovascular disease; there is less evidence for their use in kidney disease. The question is addressed by discussing published trials and systematic reviews.