tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Discriminatory indices of response of patients with rheumatoid arthritis treated with D-penicillamine.
Authors: J S Dixon, M E Pickup, J R Lowe, C Hallett, M R Lee, V Wright
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1980)

A long-term study is being undertaken to classify drugs used as specific agents in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis in terms of their effects on biochemical and clinical characteristics of the disease. In particular is hoped to establish those indices which are most relevant to the response of RA to treatment. Fifteen patients were treated with D-penicillamine after an initial period of 2 weeks on aspirin alone, when the baseline investigations were made. The dose of penicillamine was increased gradually to a maximum of 500 mg a day over the period of 6 months, and changes in 8 clinical and 25 laboratory indices were measured on 8 separate occasions in the 6-month period. Marked clinical improvement took place, and this was mirrored by changes in a wide range of biochemical parametaers. ESR and C-reactive protein were shown to be the most suitable indices of disease improvement with penicillamine treatment.
Sir Frederick Treves: The Extra-Ordinary Edwardian
Authors: W. G. Abel
Journal: JAMA (1990)

"Sir Frederick Treves" is not exactly a household name, but his life spanned from the era when surgery was viewed as barbaric and held in low esteem by the "learned physicians" until it became quite respectable and indeed advanced more rapidly than medicine. The discoveries of anesthesia and antisepsis were the two important contributions that made these changes possible. Treves was very fortunate in his exposure to a medical school (London Hospital Medical School) and not just to an apprentice system and also in his choice of a teaching hospital that offered the best available for the time. A dry tome this is not. Dr Treves was a remarkable man for any age, and his biography is filled with fascinating anecdotes of likely the most famous surgeon of his time. The chapter on appendicitis should be especially interesting to surgeons and medical historians and includes details of his extensive contributions
Influence of age and postmenopausal estrogen replacement therapy on carotid arterial stiffness in women
Authors: Y Nagai
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1999)

Objective: This study examines the influence of age and current estrogen replacement therapy (ERT) on common carotid arterial (CCA) stiffness in women. Methods: The subjects comprised 172 women (age 55.6±16.4 years) from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging, including 37 current postmenopausal ERT users. The ERT users included 18 women taking estrogen alone and 19 women taking estrogen and progesterone. Bilateral CCA were examined by B-mode carotid ultrasonography, and the stiffness index was defined as the logarithm of the ratio of systolic to diastolic blood pressure (BP) divided by the fractional diameter increase during the cardiac cycle. Results: The stiffness index increased linearly with age (r=0.69, p<0.001), and was lower in ERT users than in postmenopausal nonusers (8.0±2.0 vs 9.7±3.1, p<0.01). Furthermore, the effects of age (β=0.67, p<0.0001) and ERT (β=−0.23, p<0.001) on the stiffness index persisted after adjustments for systolic BP (β=0.23, p<0.01), diastolic BP (β=−0.26, p<0.001) and other cardiovascular risk factors (model r2=0.59, p<0.0001). The stiffness index was similar in both ERT users with and without progesterone and lower than in postmenopausal nonusers (p<0.05) after considering the age effects. Conclusion: Age-associated increases in CCA stiffness are reduced by postmenopausal ERT.
Viral and clinical factors associated with the fulminant course of hepatitis A infection
Authors: Guilhermo Rezende, Anne Marie Roque-Afonso, Didier Samuel, Michele Gigou, Elisabeth Nicand, Virginie Ferre, Elisabeth Dussaix, Henri Bismuth, Cyrille Féray
Journal: Hepatology (2003)

Fulminant hepatitis is a severe complication of hepatitis A virus infection. Its mechanism is unknown. Liver transplantation can be necessary, but spontaneous recovery is frequent. There are no data on the level of viral replication according to the clinical form of hepatitis A. We reviewed the files of 50 patients with acute hepatitis A. Nineteen patients had fulminant hepatitis (defined by encephalopathy and factor V <50%), and, from them, 10 patients underwent transplantation. Hepatitis A virus (HAV) RNA was quantified by real-time PCR on sera obtained at admission. The genotype was determined by phylogenetic analysis of HAV RNA. HAV RNA was detected in serum by RT-PCR in 39 out of 50 patients. Encephalopathy and low factor V level were significantly related to female gender, HAV PCR negativity (9/19 vs. 5/31, respectively; P = .03), a low serum HAV RNA level (log, 3.6 ± 0.6 vs. 4.4 ± 0.9, respectively; P = .02), genotypes other than IA, and acetaminophen intake. In multivariate analysis, low or undetectable HAV viral load and a high bilirubin level were independently associated with both low factor V levels and fulminant hepatitis and also with death or transplantation. In conclusion, HAV-related liver failure is due to an excessive host response associated with a marked reduction in viral load. Serum HAV RNA assay could be of help in the management of severe hepatitis A.
Indinavir and Interstitial Nephritis
Authors: Jeffrey B. Kopp
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1998)

Letters15 February 1998Indinavir and Interstitial NephritisJeffrey B. Kopp, MD, Kirk D. Miller, MD, and Judith Falloon, MDJeffrey B. Kopp, MDNational Institutes of Health; Bethesda, MD 20892Search for more papers by this author, Kirk D. Miller, MDNational Institutes of Health; Bethesda, MD 20892Search for more papers by this author, and Judith Falloon, MDNational Institutes of Health; Bethesda, MD 20892Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-128-4-199802150-00022 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSE:Sarcletti and colleagues inquire about the frequency of persistent renal dysfunction in patients with indinavir-associated flank pain and crystalluria, particularly those with renal parenchymal defects on computed tomography. In our series of 240 patients receiving indinavir, 13 patients (5%) developed such symptoms. Computed tomography was done during the acute episode in 6 patients and revealed parenchymal defects in 4 patients. Of these 4 patients, 2 have discontinued indinavir therapy permanently because of symptoms, 1 has continued indinavir therapy at a reduced dosage (1800 mg/d), and 1 has continued indinavir therapy at the full dosage (2400 mg/d). Of all ...References1. Tashima KT, Horowitz JD, Rosen S. Indinavir nephropathy [Letter]. N Engl J Med. 1997; 336:138-40. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Jeffrey B. Kopp, MD; Kirk D. Miller, MD; Judith Falloon, MDAffiliations: National Institutes of Health; Bethesda, MD 20892 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byPersistent Leukocyturia and Loss of Renal Function in a Prospectively Monitored Cohort of HIV-Infected Patients Treated with IndinavirDose-Finding Study of a Once-Daily Indinavir/Ritonavir RegimenDose-Finding Study of a Once-Daily Indinavir/Ritonavir RegimenPersistent Flank Pain, Low-Grade Fever, and Malaise in a Woman Treated with IndinavirVariation in incidence of indinavir-associated nephrolithiasis among HIV-positive patients 15 February 1998Volume 128, Issue 4 Page: 320-321 Keywords Computed axial tomography Creatinine Epithelium Inflammation Kidneys Nephritis ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 15 February 1998 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1998 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Potential Therapeutic Effects of Ritanserin in Cushing's Disease
Authors: Nicoletta Sonino
Journal: JAMA (1992)

To the Editor.  —Several agents directed at neurotransmitter control of corticotropin secretion, such as cyproheptadine hydrochloride and bromocriptine, have been used in the treatment of Cushing's disease with conflicting results. 1 Ritanserin, a new, specific, very potent and long-acting serotonin (5-HT-2) antagonist, 2 is being evaluated for a variety of psychiatric disorders 3 and has been shown to impair corticotropin response to insulin-induced hypoglycemia in normal volunteers. 4 We investigated the potential therapeutic effects of ritanserin in three patients with pituitary-dependent Cushing's disease, from whom informed consent was obtained.  Report of Cases.  Case 1.  —A 57-year-old woman showed recurrence of hypercortisolism and a pituitary microadenoma on magnetic resonance imaging 7 years after successful transsphenoidal surgery. She received 10 mg/d of ritanserin for 1 month. Her urinary hydrocortisone level showed only a slight and transient decrease at 1 week, with a subsequent rise to baseline values (Table).  Case 2.  —A 45-year-old
Itching for a diagnosis
Authors: William R Phillips
Journal: BMJ (2004)

This real patient illustrates real challenges of general practice: incomplete information, evolution of illness, clinical uncertainty, and providing good care in an imperfect system.1

Mrs Prior caught the attention of her general practitioner during her husband's scheduled consultation. Caring for the “secondary patient” is part of general practice, occurring in up to 18% of encounters.2 This initial evaluation was necessarily brief, yet dealt with three problems: itch, rash, and cystitis.

Blood tests are sometimes used as a temporising tactic, but …
Physicians and American Political Leadership
Authors: Mark G. Jameson
Journal: JAMA (1983)

Physicians have actively participated in the political processes of American democracy throughout the nation's history. The purpose of this study was to compare physicians' participation in public office during the first and second centuries of American democracy. Following the commencement of the US Congress, physicians were active members of the legislative branch. However, physicians' membership in Congress has diminished significantly in modern times. The executive and judicial branches of the federal government have recorded only marginal representation by physicians and none during the 20th century.
Interleukin 5 enhances interleukin 2-mediated lymphokine-activated killer activity.
Authors: T Aoki, H Kikuchi, S Miyatake, Y Oda, K Iwasaki, T Yamasaki, T Kinashi, T Honjo
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1989)

IL-5 expresses various biologic effects on several types of lymphocytes, including B cells, eosinophils, and T cells. We demonstrated that the incubation of resting splenocytes from C57BL/6 mice in murine rIL-5 enhances IL-2-mediated lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) activity against various tumor cells. IL-5 alone, however, does not induce killer activity. IL-2-mediated LAK activity increases in proportion to the dose of IL-5. During the late phase of the culture period, IL-5 seems to have some effect on the induction of IL-2-mediated LAK activity. We expect that IL-5 will prove useful for adoptive immunotherapy.
Medication Safety
Authors: David Classen
Journal: JAMA (2003)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The Dole-Nyswander Treatment of Heroin Addiction
Authors: David P. Ausubel
Journal: JAMA (1966)

The Dole-Nyswander treatment of heroin addiction, reported in the Aug 23, 1965, issue of<i>JAMA</i><sup>1</sup>raises many important issues, both medical and sociological, about the treatment of drug addiction in the United States. First, by their<i>own</i>admission, Drs. Dole and Nyswander are administering<i>massive</i>doses of methadone to known heroin addicts. This goes far beyond anything contemplated in the "British System." The Rolleston Committee Memorandum of 1926 (as well as the more recent Brain Report), which governs the present administration of Britain's Dangerous Drugs Act of 1920, provides that narcotics may be legally administered to addicts by physicians "where it has been... demonstrated that the patient, while capable of leading a useful and relatively normal life, when a certain minimum dose is repeatedly administered, becomes incapable of this when the drug is entirely discontinued."<sup>2</sup>Technically, this interpretation is consistent with the Dangerous Drugs Act, because physicians may
Surgeon General's Final Target: Drunk Driving
Authors: Charles Marwick
Journal: JAMA (1989)

ATTEMPTING TO COPE with an estimated 24 000 deaths and 534 000 injuries from alcohol-related traffic crashes, Surgeon General C. Everett Koop, MD, is calling, among other things, for a reduction in the legal limit for blood alcohol concentration to 0.04%, an increase in liquor taxes, and limits on the way that alcohol can be advertised. The recommendations result from an earlier workshop on drunken driving (<i>JAMA</i>. 1989;261:819). Koop—who has just completed his final week on the job—says the report is being sent to Congress for action. "I want Congress to provide leadership and resources to implement the recommendations," he said. Last year both houses of Congress adopted resolutions that urged the Surgeon General to declare drunk driving a national crisis and to try to bring the problem under control. Industry officials have expressed doubt that alcohol advertising will face restrictions similar to those imposed on cigarette advertisements.
Intestinal Decontamination for Control of Nosocomial Multiresistant Gram-Negative Bacilli
Authors: Christian Brun-Buisson
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1989)

Study Objective: To study the efficacy of intestinal decontamination by oral nonabsorbable antibiotic agents to control a nosocomial outbreak of intestinal colonization and infection with multiresistant Enterobacteriaceae, and to examine its effects on endemic nosocomial infection rates. Design: A 10-week prospective incidence study (group 1), and then an 8-week randomized, open trial of intestinal decontamination (groups 2 and 3). Setting: A medical intensive care unit of a tertiary care university hospital. Patients: Consecutive patients with unit stay of over 2 days and a severity score at admission of more than 2; 124 patients were included in group 1, 50 in group 2 (control), and 36 in group 3 (intestinal decontamination). Interventions: Neomycin, polymyxin E, and nalidixic acid were given to group 3 patients throughout their stay in the unit. Measurements and Main Results: Intestinal colonization with multiresistant strains occurred in 19.6% of patients in group 1, at a mean of 16 days after admission, and preceded detection in clinical samples by a mean of 11 days. During the decontamination trial, intestinal colonization rates decreased to 10% (group 2), and 3% (group 3) (P = 0.12 and P < 0.01, compared with group 1, respectively). Corresponding infection rates were 9% (group 1), 3% (group 2), and 0 (group 3). No new cases were detected in the following 4 months. The intestinal colonization rate with gram-positive cocci was higher in group 3 than group 2 (P < 0.001). The overall rate of nosocomial infections was at 28% (group 1), 33% (group 2), and 32% (group 3). Conclusions: Intestinal decontamination can help to control an outbreak of intestinal colonization and infection with multiresistant gram-negative bacilli in the intensive care unit, but should not be recommended for routine prevention of endemic nosocomial infections.
APPROPRIATENESS OF PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION IN THE UNITED STATES: INSIGHTS FROM THE NCDR CATH/PCI REGISTRY
Authors: Paul Chan, Manesh Patel, Lloyd W. Klein, Ronald J. Krone, Gregory J. Dehmer, Kevin Kennedy, Brahmajee K. Nallamothu, W. Douglas Weaver, Frederick Masoudi, John Rumsfeld, John A. Spertus
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Abstract 3232: CZ48 activation by human tumor cytosol inhibited in the presence of NADPH
Authors: Constantine S.A. Markides, Lauren E. Battershell, Dana M. Vardeman, Beppino C. Giovanella
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract CZ48, the 20-O-propionate ester of Camptothecin (CPT), is a non-toxic prodrug of CPT first described by Cao et al. (1998). The propionate side-chain is enzymatically cleaved in target tissues. This gives rise to CPT, an inhibitor of Topoisomerase I, which then blocks cell division causing selective tumor toxicity. We have previously established the preferential activation of CZ48 in tumor tissues compared to normal tissues and an ultra-sensitive assay to detect it (2009). The present studies explore the specifics of that activation in vitro using both cells in culture and surgically removed xenografted tumors from nude mice. DOY lung adenocarcinoma was grown subcutaneously in nude mice and then surgically excised, homogenized and serially centrifuged to produce specific subcellular fractions. The bulk of esterase activity was found to be concentrated in the cytosol, while the microsomal fraction showed minimal activity. All other fractions tested were below the limit of detection. Microsomes showed only a fraction of the esterase activity of the cytosol (99.78 ± 14.89 ng/ml versus 487.48 ± 16.69 ng/ml CPT produced overnight), but even that little activity was eradicated in the presence of an NADPH redux regeneration system (10.0 ± 7.26 ng/ml). This inhibition was also observed in the cytosolic fractions. Deconstructing the redux system led to the conclusion that NADPH was inhibiting the activation of CZ48: when incubating cytosol with CZ48 in the presence of 26.1 mM NADPH, 66mM MgCl2, or 66mM Glucose-6-phosphate, only NADPH exhibited any effect on the esterase activity of CZ48, resulting in only 106.00 ± 15.49 ng/ml CPT produced overnight. These data reinforce the notion that CZ48 is metabolized to CPT by a non-microsomal, non CYP450 enzymatic process in tumor tissues. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3232. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-3232
COMPARATIVE EFFECTIVENESS OF MYOCARDIAL PERFUSION SPECT AND CORONARY CT ANGIOGRAPHY FOR DIAGNOSIS OF CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE
Authors: Marcelo F. Di Carli, Armin Arbab-Zadeh, Richard George, Marcus Chen, Klaus Kofoed, Marc Dewey, Andrea Vavere, Courtney Foster, Sharmila Dorbala, Ron Blankstein, John Texter, Roger Laham, Cesar Nomura, Albert De Roos, Joao Lima, Melvin Clouse, Jeffrey Brinker, Julie Miller
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Inhibition of prostasin-induced ENaC activities by PN-1 and regulation of PN-1 expression by TGF-β1 and aldosterone
Authors: N. Wakida, K. Kitamura, D.G. Tuyen, A. Maekawa, T. Miyoshi, M. Adachi, N. Shiraishi, T. Ko, V. Ha, H. Nonoguchi, K. Tomita
Journal: Kidney International (2006)
Fat-storing cells as liver-specific pericytes. Spatial dynamics of agonist-stimulated intracellular calcium transients.
Authors: M Pinzani, P Failli, C Ruocco, A Casini, S Milani, E Baldi, A Giotti, P Gentilini
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1992)

Liver perisinusoidal fat-storing cells (FSC) show morphological and ultrastructural characteristics similar to pericytes regulating local blood flow in other organs. In the present study we have analyzed whether FSC respond to local vasoconstrictors such as thrombin, angiotensin-II, and endothelin-1 with an increase in intracellular free calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) coupled with effective cell contraction. All agonists tested induced a rapid and dose-dependent increase in [Ca2+]i followed by a sustained phase lasting several minutes in confluent monolayers of Fura-2-loaded human FSC. Pharmacological studies performed using different Ca2+ channel blockers indicated that, at least for thrombin and angiotensin-II, the sustained phase is due to the opening of voltage-sensitive membrane Ca2+ channels. To analyze the temporal and spatial dynamics of Ca2+ release in response to these agonists, we performed experiments on individual Fura-2-loaded human FSC using a dual wavelength, radiometric video imaging system. The rise in [Ca2+]i was exclusively localized to the cytoplasm, particularly in the branching processes. Increases in [Ca2+]i more than four-fold were associated with a simultaneous and transient reduction of cell area indicating reversible cell contraction. Our results indicate that the Ca(2+)-dependent contraction of human FSC in vitro may reflect a potential role in regulating sinusoidal blood flow in vivo.
1001. Metabolic Biotinylation of Cell Surface Receptors for In Vivo Imaging
Authors: Bakhos A. Tannous, Jan Grimm, Katherine F. Perry, John W. Chen, Weissleder Ralph, Breakefield O. Xandra
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

A versatile, potent technique for imaging cells in culture and in vivo has been achieved by expressing a metabolically biotinylated reporter protein on the cell surface and visualizing this transgene product with labeled streptavidin moieties. The recombinant reporter protein incorporates the prokaryotic Propionibacterium shermanii 1.3S transcarboxylase domain biotin acceptor peptide (BAP) between an N-terminal signal sequence and the PDGF receptor transmembrane domain (TM,Fig. 1). Western blot analysis of cell homogenates, immunocytochemistry of non-permeablized cells and FACS analysis demonstrated that this BAP-TM reporter protein is efficiently biotinylated by endogenous biotin ligase in mammalian cells with the biotin displayed on the cell surface. Magnetic resonance and fluorescence tomographic imaging in vivo showed significant decrease in the spin-spin relaxation time T2 and over 15-fold increase in fluorescence in BAP-TM-reporter-expressing tumors as compared to control tumors following intravascular injection of streptavidin- magnetic nanoparticles or streptavidin-Alexa680 conjugates, respectively. This reporter proved to be more efficient for magnetic resonance imaging than an engineered transferrin receptor reporter previously developed in our laboratory. Moreover, intravascular injection of streptavidin-horseradish peroxidase conjugates, in conjunction with a gadolinium-based magnetic resonance agent sensitive to peroxidase activity, selectively enhanced BAP-TM- reporter expressing tumors. This BAP-TM reporter allows for non- invasive real time imaging of any cell type transduced to express it in culture or in vivo, and should be compatible with use in humans since streptavidin-biotin system and paramagnetic nanoparticles are being used in clinical trials.