tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Psychosocial Factors in the Adjustment of Patients with Cardiac Pacemakers.
Authors: William A. Greene
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1968)

s1 May 1968Psychosocial Factors in the Adjustment of Patients with Cardiac Pacemakers.William A. Greene, M.D., F.A.C.P., Arthur J. Moss, M.D., F.A.C.P.William A. Greene, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, Arthur J. Moss, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-68-5-1155_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptCardiac pacemakers can be life-perpetuating, perhaps fulfilling devices for those patients with symptoms due to heart block and various arrythmias. The efficacy of cardiac pacemakers is a function of their electrophysiologic effectiveness and the physical, psychological, and social resources of the individual. In 60 patients, ages 34 to 91, median 72 years, with permanent pacemakers (50 transvenous and 10 transthoracic) implanted for 4 years to 2 months determinations have been made of personality type, mental status, coping ability, object relations, and adjustment to previous prosthesis (eyeglasses, dentures, hearing aids) along with cardiovascular status and ancillary disease, for correlation with reactions... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: William A. Greene, M.D., F.A.C.P.; Arthur J. Moss, M.D., F.A.C.P.Affiliations: Rochester, New York PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1968Volume 68, Issue 5Page: 1155-1155KeywordsArrhythmiaCardiac electrophysiologyCardiovascular diseasesEye diseasesHearingHeartPacemakersPsychology ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 May 1968 PDF downloadLoading ...
Eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) in schoolchildren living in a mountainous area of Norway: a population‐based study of ECP as a tool for diagnosing asthma in children with reference values
Authors: F. Njå, O. D. Røksund, K‐H. Carlsen
Journal: Allergy (2001)

Background: Most previous studies on eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) have been performed on carefully selected groups of asthmatic patients. Few studies based upon population cohorts have been reported. The primary objective of the present study was to assess the usefulness of serum eosinophil cationic protein (s‐ECP) in the diagnosis of asthma in schoolchildren and determine reference values based on measurements in healthy children. Methods: The population consisted of 216 schoolchildren (aged 7–16 years) who in a previous questionnaire had reported asthma or asthma‐like symptoms and a control group. The questionnaire study comprised the entire population of schoolchildren in Upper Hallingdal. After clinical assessment, blood samples, and skin prick tests, these subjects were then reclassified into four groups: atopic and nonatopic asthmatic and nonasthmatics. S‐ECP was assessed in relation to atopy, asthma severity, allergen exposure, and sex. Results: The asthma group ( n =105) had significantly higher mean s‐ECP level than the nonasthma group ( n =111) (13.3 vs 8.3 µg/l, P &lt;0.001), with no significant difference between atopic asthmatics and atopic nonasthmatics. Mean s‐ECP levels in children with mild, moderate, or severe asthma were 12.1, 18.5, and 12.2 µg/l, respectively. The children with animal dander allergy demonstrated higher levels of s‐ECP than children without this allergy (12.9 vs 9.1 µg/l, P =0.001). The upper reference limit (determined as the 95th percentile in healthy children) of 19.1 µg/l, showed low sensitivity (24%) and high specificity (93%) for the diagnosis of asthma. The positive and negative likelihood ratios for the asthma diagnosis were found to be 3.2 and 0.83, respectively. Conclusions: The highest s‐ECP values were found among children with moderate asthma. Animal dander allergy resulted in elevated s‐ECP. However, mean values were still below the reference value of 19.1 µg/l, and the sensitivity was low, suggesting that s‐ECP is not a useful parameter for diagnosing asthma in population‐based studies.
A 4-mm Needle Reduces the Risk of Intramuscular Injections Without Increasing Backflow to Skin Surface in Lean Diabetic Children and Adults
Authors: Niels H. Birkebaek, Jan Solvig, Birtha Hansen, Christina Jorgensen, Jorgen Smedegaard, Jens S. Christiansen
Journal: Diabetes Care (2008)

Unintended intramuscular insulin injection increases the variation in the insulin absorption rate, thereby increasing the risk of hypoglycemia. To reduce the risk of intramuscular injection, shorter injection needles should be tested, particularly in lean patients (1–3). The objective of this study was to measure the distance from skin surface to muscle fascia in lean diabetic patients and to determine whether using an experimental 4-mm needle reduces the frequency of intramuscular injections as compared with a 6-mm needle. Further, this study tested whether the backflow of simulated insulin (test medium) was unchanged using the new 4-mm needle as compared with the 6-mm needle.

We included 21 lean children (16 male) and …
What to tell the media--or not: consensus guidelines for sports physicians
Authors: Peter L Gregory, Richard Seah, Noel Pollock
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2008)

Sports physicians working as team doctors, sports club or governing body medical officers come under more pressure to divulge medical information about their patients to the media than most other doctors. A search of the literature indicates inadequate guidance as to how they should react to these requests, and therefore it is perhaps not surprising that some sports physicians admit they felt underprepared for this aspect of their work.

The General Medical Council advice given in “Good Medical Practice” (2006) is undeniably central to what doctors do in the UK.1 “Patients have a right to expect that information about them will be held in confidence by their doctors. Confidentiality is central to trust between doctors and patients. Without assurances about confidentiality, patients may be reluctant to give doctors the information they need in order to provide good care.” Box 1 details what is expected of a doctor who is asked to disclose information about a patient.

#### Box 1 From Good Medical Practice (2006)1

If you are asked to provide information about patients you must:

Elite sportsmen and women are of interest to the public, who may follow every aspect …
Biochemical factors in the action of steroids on diseased joints in rheumatoid arthritis.
Authors: D A Lewis, E H Day
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1972)

Lysosomal enzymes have been implemented in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (Jacox and Feldmahn, 1955; Weissman, 1966).It has been suggested that the anti-inflammatory action of steroids is based on the ability of these drugs to stabilize lysosomes.However, much of the work on the interaction of steroids with lysosomes has been carried out on model systems such as liposomes or liver and kidney lysosomal preparations.In this report we have examined the actions of steroids on tissues directly associated with rheuma- toid arthritis. DISTRIBUTION OF LYSOSOMAL ENZYMES IN SYNOVIAL TISSUES AND FLUIDSLysosomal enzymes have been demonstrated in several cell types of possible importance in the development of rheumatoid arthritis.Acid phosphatase has been demonstrated histochemically in chondroclasts (Schajowicz and Cabrini, 1958).Luscombe (1963) found that there were significant increases in acid phosphatase and cathepsin activity in the synovial tissues of patients with rheumatoid arthritis.Smith and Harmerman (1962) have postulated that the major source of acid phosphatase in synovial fluid is from polymorphonuclear cells.Lehman, Kream, and Brogna (1961) suggested that the lymphocytes were a further source of acid phosphatase in synovial fluid. ACTIONS OF STEROIDS ON LYSOSOMESIt is an accepted fact that corticosteroids at some concentrations stabilize lysosomes.Previous work in this laboratory (Lewis, Symons, and Ancill, 1970; Symons, Lewis, and Ancill, 1970) has shown that steroid concentration is a critical factor in the stabilizing action of these compounds on lysosomes.High concentrations of steroids damage lysosomes, but lower levels, which have more clinical significance, stabilize lysosomes.
Severe head injury: the first hour.
Authors: C Shieff
Journal: BMJ (1986)

Congress of the European Society of MagneticResonance in Medicine and Biology, Aberdeen 1986).In addition, the presence and extent of periventricular "lucency," representing a local increase in water content, is more clearly shown with magnetic resonance imaging.We think that cerebrospinal fluid volume measurements and ventricular:cortical sulcal ratios will provide a more rational basis for diagnosis and management.
Echocardiography in Endocarditis and Aortic Regurgitation
Authors: MARTIN JEFFREY FRANK
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1975)

Comments and Correction1 August 1975Echocardiography in Endocarditis and Aortic RegurgitationMARTIN JEFFREY FRANK, M.D.MARTIN JEFFREY FRANK, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-83-2-280_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: I enjoyed the excellent paper by DeMaria, King, Sale, et al, "Echography and Phonography of Acute Aortic Regurgitation in Bacterial Endocarditis" (Ann Intern Med82:329-335, 1975). In Figure 4 of that paper, an echocardiogram shows thick diastolic echoes, supposedly representing aortic valve vegetations. These echoes viewed with their connecting systolic echoes appear very similar to a thickened anterior leaflet of the mitral valve. Such an effect can be produced if the transducer is directed midway between the mitral valve and the aortic root. The authors did not show an echocardiogram of the mitral valve from this patient... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: MARTIN JEFFREY FRANK, M.D. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 August 1975Volume 83, Issue 2Page: 280-280KeywordsAortic valveEchocardiographyEndocarditisUltrasound imaging ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 August 1975 PDF downloadLoading ...
Assessment of left ventricular and aortic valve function after aortic balloon valvuloplasty in adult patients with critical aortic stenosis.
Authors: R G McKay, R D Safian, J E Lock, D J Diver, A D Berman, S E Warren, P C Come, D S Baim, V E Mandell, H D Royal
Journal: Circulation (1987)

Preliminary reports have documented the utility of balloon aortic valvuloplasty as a palliative treatment for high-risk patients with critical aortic stenosis, but the effect of this procedure on cardiac performance has not been studied in detail. Accordingly, 32 patients (mean age 79 years) with long-standing, calcific aortic stenosis were treated at the time of cardiac catheterization with balloon dilatation of the aortic valve, and serial changes in left ventricular and valvular function were followed before and after valvuloplasty by radionuclide ventriculography, determination of systolic time intervals, and Doppler echocardiography. Prevalvuloplasty examination revealed heavily calcified aortic valves in all patients, a mean peak-to-peak aortic valve gradient of 77 +/- 27 mm Hg, a mean Fick cardiac output of 4.6 +/- 1.4 liters/min, and a mean calculated aortic valve area of 0.6 +/- 0.2 cm2. Subsequent balloon dilatation with 12 to 23 mm valvuloplasty balloons resulted in a fall in aortic valve gradient to 39 +/- 15 mm Hg, an increase in cardiac output to 5.2 +/- 1.8 liters/min, and an increase in calculated aortic valve area to 0.9 +/- 0.3 cm2. Individual hemodynamic responses varied considerably, with some patients showing major increases in valve area, while others demonstrated only small increases. In no case was balloon dilatation accompanied by evidence of embolic phenomena. Supravalvular aortography obtained in 13 patients demonstrated no or a mild (less than or equal to 1+) increase in aortic insufficiency. Serial radionuclide ventriculography in patients with a depressed left ventricular ejection fraction (i.e., that less than or equal to 55%) revealed a small increase in ejection fraction from 40 +/- 13% to 46 +/- 12% (p less than .03). In addition, for the study group as a whole there was a decrease in left ventricular end-diastolic volume index (113 +/- 38 to 101 +/- 37 ml/m2, p less than .003), a fall in stroke-volume ratio (1.49 +/- 0.44 to 1.35 +/- 0.33, p less than .04), and no immediate change in left ventricular peak filling rate (2.05 +/- 0.77 to 2.21 +/- 0.65 end-diastolic counts/sec, p = NS). Serial M mode echocardiography and phonocardiography showed an increase in aortic valve excursion (0.5 +/- 0.2 to 0.8 +/- 0.2 cm, p less than .001), a decrease in time to one-half carotid upstroke (80 +/- 30 to 60 +/- 10 msec, p less than .001), and a small decrease in left ventricular ejection time (0.44 +/- 0.03 to 0.42 +/- 0.02 sec, p less than .001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
The Epidemic of Histoplasmosis in Montreal: Clinical Experiences in 147 Cases with Results of a Recent Epidemiological Study.
Authors: J. Leonard Brandt
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1967)

s1 May 1967The Epidemic of Histoplasmosis in Montreal: Clinical Experiences in 147 Cases with Results of a Recent Epidemiological Study.J. Leonard Brandt, M.D., F.A.C.P., Arthur Leznoff, M.D., CM., F.R.C.P.(C), Harold Frank, M.D., F.R.C.P.(C), Andrew Taussig, Ph.D.J. Leonard Brandt, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, Arthur Leznoff, M.D., CM., F.R.C.P.(C)Search for more papers by this author, Harold Frank, M.D., F.R.C.P.(C)Search for more papers by this author, Andrew Taussig, Ph.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-66-5-1045_3 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptIn the fall of 1963 the city of Montreal experienced a sudden increase in the prevalence of proved cases of histoplasmosis. Frequency rates for active disease have gradually subsided from their peak, but histoplasmosis is still endemic in the city, where it is estimated that perhaps a few thousand cases were of such mild nature that they evaded detection and were ignored as "the flu." In the past 36 months the Jewish General Hospital (400 beds) has accumulated 147 documented cases of active histoplasmosis. Of these cases there were 12 with disseminated disease, including 9 deaths, 123 cases of self-limited... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Montreal, Quebec, PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1967Volume 66, Issue 5Page: 1045-1046KeywordsFallsHistoplasmosisMetastasis Issue Published: 1 May 1967 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Parenteral Nutrition With Lipids
Authors: Howard Silberman
Journal: JAMA (1977)

Total parenteral nutrition with a peripherally administered fat emulsion as the major calorie source appears to be efficacious and safe. Such a regimen complements rather than replaces the glucose system as an important adjunct in patient therapy. The lipid system obviates the necessity for central venous administration, the major disadvantage of the glucose system, while the latter provides a greater caloric density. (<i>JAMA</i>238:1380-1382, 1977)
Relevance of Aspirin or Allergen Sensitivity On Rhinitis Among Residents of Puerto Rico
Authors: Javier A. Mendez, Angel M. Rivera, Rafael H. Zaragoza, Cristina J. Ramos, Fernando J. Lopez, Iona K. Malinow, Arnaldo E. Perez, Carmen Acantilado, Sylvette Nazario
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2013)
Takayasu's arteritis.
Authors: F J Flint
Journal: BMJ (1977)

proved results, their criticism is potentially valid for any study taking place over a period of time.We agree with the Cardiff workers that the value of induction of labour should be tested in a large, prospective, randomised trial.In view of the conflicting opinions regard- ing the place of induction of labour we feel that such a trial would be entirely ethical.We would be grateful to hear from any obstetrician willing to co-operate in a multi- centre trial based on the model previously operated by Cole et al.
Cloning and characterization of the gene encoding β-amyrin synthase in the glycyrrhizic acid biosynthetic pathway in Glycyrrhiza uralensis
Authors: Honghao Chen, Ying Liu, Xiaoqin Zhang, Xinjie Zhan, Chunsheng Liu
Journal: Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B (2013)

Glycyrrhiza uralensis is considered to be one of the most important herbs in traditional Chinese medicine due to its numerous pharmacological effects particularly its ability to relieve cough and act as a mucolytic. Based on previous research, these effects are mediated by a number of active ingredients, especially glycyrrhizic acid (GA). In the present study, a gene encoding β-amyrin synthase (β-AS) involved in GA biosynthesis in G. uralensis has been cloned and expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The cloned enzyme showed similar activity to native enzymes isolated from other Glycyrrhiza species to catalyze the conversion of 2,3-oxidosqualene into β-amyrin. In fact the β-AS gene is particularly important in the GA biosynthetic pathway in G. uralensis. The complete sequence of the enzyme was determined and a phylogenetic tree based on the β-AS gene of G. uralensis and 20 other species was created. This showed that Glycyrrhiza glabra had the closest kinship with G. uralensis. The results of this work will be useful in determining how to improve the efficacy of G. uralensis by improving its GA content and in exploring the biosynthesis of GA in vitro.
PERFORATED ULCER: REPORT OF A CASE
Authors: G. B. Lemmon
Journal: JAMA (1923)

The perforation of a gastric ulcer in a physician's office is sufficiently impressive to cause some speculation. It is natural to inquire, in such a case, whether or not any part of the diagnostic procedure was responsible. I have wondered especially whether there could be any hazard connected with the manipulation of the barium-filled stomach behind the fluoroscopic screen. It has long been taught that the palpation of a stomach suspected of ulcer should be done with the utmost gentleness. For instance Aaron<sup>1</sup>says: "The epigastric pain is increased on pressure. Regarding the inadvisability of exerting much pressure in testing the sensibility at this spot, Brinton advises caution with respect to the pressure test; not only must it be applied with great care and delicacy in the first examination of a supposed case of gastric ulcer, but, as a rule, we can scarcely be too reluctant to repeat it.
The World Health Organization and the prevention of road injuries: phone book analysis
Authors: I. Roberts, T. Hosford, P. Edwards
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Every day about 3000 people die and about 30 000 people are seriously injured in road crashes. 1 2 Most casualties occur in low and middle income countries, and most are vulnerable road users: pedestrians, cyclists, and motorcyclists.The World Health Organization has a lead role in the control of global epidemics, and the work is coordinated from its headquarters in Geneva, Switzerland.We conducted a phone book analysis to assess how the WHO is responding to the global problem of road injuries.
Modulation by Dietary Fat and Carbohydrate of <i>IRS1</i> Association With Type 2 Diabetes Traits in Two Populations of Different Ancestries
Authors: Ju-Sheng Zheng, Donna K. Arnett, Laurence D. Parnell, Caren E. Smith, Duo Li, Ingrid B. Borecki, Katherine L. Tucker, José M. Ordovás, Chao-Qiang Lai
Journal: Diabetes Care (2013)

Insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1) is central to insulin signaling pathways. This study aimed to examine the association of IRS1 variants with insulin resistance (IR) and related phenotypes, as well as potential modification by diet.Two IRS1 variants (rs7578326 and rs2943641) identified by genome-wide association studies as related to type 2 diabetes were tested for their associations with IR and related traits and interaction with diet in the Genetics of Lipid Lowering Drugs and Diet Network (GOLDN) study (n = 820) and the Boston Puerto Rican Health Study (BPRHS) (n = 844).Meta-analysis indicated that rs7578326 G-allele carriers and rs2943641 T-allele carriers had a lower risk of IR, type 2 diabetes, and metabolic syndrome (MetS). Significant interactions on IR and MetS were found for these two variants and their haplotypes with diet. In GOLDN, rs7578326 G-allele carriers and rs2943641 T-allele carriers and their haplotype G-T carriers had a significantly lower risk of IR and MetS than noncarriers only when the dietary saturated fatty acid-to-carbohydrate ratio was low (≤ 0.24). In both GOLDN (P = 0.0008) and BPRHS (P = 0.011), rs7578326 G-allele carriers had a lower risk of MetS than noncarriers only when dietary monounsaturated fatty acids were lower than the median intake of each population.IRS1 variants are associated with IR and related traits and are modulated by diet in two populations of different ancestries. These findings suggest that IRS1 variants have important functions in various metabolic disorders and that dietary factors could modify these associations.
Hepatotoxicity from pyrazinamide based anti-tuberculous therapy: protective effect from isoniazid and HIV infection?
Authors: A E Boyd
Journal: Thorax (2005)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Sierra Leone, one of the countries with the highest maternal and perinatal mortality in the world, launched its first National Emergency Medical Service (NEMS) in 2018. We carried out a countrywide assessment to analyse NEMS operational times for obstetric emergencies in respect the access to timely essential surgery within 2 hours. Moreover, we evaluated the relationship between operational times and maternal and perinatal mortality. <h3>Methods</h3> We collected prehospital data of 6387 obstetric emergencies referrals from primary health units to hospital facilities between June 2019 and May 2020 and we estimated the proportion of referrals with a prehospital time (PT) within 2 hours. The association between PT and mortality was investigated using Poisson regression models for binary data. <h3>Results</h3> At the national level, the proportion of emergency obstetric referrals with a PT within 2 hours was 58.5% (95% CI 56.9% to 60.1%) during the rainy season and 61.4% (95% CI 59.5% to 63.2%) during the dry season. Results were substantially different between districts, with the capital city of Freetown reporting more than 90% of referrals within the benchmark and some rural districts less than 40%. Risk of maternal death at 60, 120 and 180 min of PT was 1.8%, 3.8% and 4.3%, respectively. Corresponding figures for perinatal mortality were 16%, 18% and 25%. <h3>Conclusion</h3> NEMS operational times for obstetric emergencies in Sierra Leone vary greatly and referral transports in rural areas struggle to reach essential surgery within 2 hours. Maternal and perinatal risk of death increased concurrently with operational times, even beyond the 2-hour target, therefore, any reduction of the time to reach the hospital, may translate into improved patient outcomes.
GLYCOGEN SYNTHASE KINASE–3β INHIBITION DECREASES ENDOTHELIAL PROGENITOR CELL APOPTOSIS VIA CATHEPSIN B TO ENHANCE THERAPEUTIC PROGENITOR CELL THERAPY IN PATIENTS WITH DIABETES
Authors: Benjamin M. Hibbert, Jessie Lavoie, Tara Seibert, Trevor Simard, Duncan Stewart, Edward O'Brien
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)