tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Benign prostatic hyperplasia: Caveat for finasteride should be discussed before prescribing
Authors: Hussam Ammar, Ashok K Malani, Chakshu Gupta
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Editor-Last year Hern et al published an editorial on knife crime and clearly the problem has not gone away. 1 A quick search of the Times website finds 90 hits on the single search term "stabbing" in the past three months alone.Several recent deaths have fuelled the perception that forensic knife injuries have become an epidemic, resulting in a knife amnesty and government discussion of new punitive measures.An increase in such injuries is supported by data from regional police forces and the Home Office, with 1200 reported attacks in London last year and 30% of homicides caused by knife injury. 2 Crimes defined as "more serious wounding or other act endangering life" almost doubled nationally from 1995 to 2005. 3 We audited forensic knife injuries at this hospital, one of Europe's busiest emergency departments, to establish the size of this problem in a representative urban area (east London).We extracted data on forensic knife injuries (excluding deliberate self harm) from a detailed prospectively recorded database of all trauma calls from July 2004 to June 2006 (these reflecting more severe injuries).Overall there were 309 forensic knife injuries; 259 patients were admitted, 184 were operated on, and eight died.The chest was the most common area injured (183/309 patients, 6/8 deaths).Most patients were men (297/309), and mean age was 28 (range 15-74).To give a measure of changing incidence over a longer time of a greater range of severity of injury, we also performed an audit of all cases coded as "stabbing" on the patient administration system during the 10 year period from July 1997 to June 2006 (figure).Over both periods, the data show an increase in the overall incidence of stabbings.Furthermore, increased need for surgical intervention in the prospective study may reflect increasing severity of injury.These data therefore seem to support the general perception that knife injuries are increasing.
Indomethacin and Phenylbutazone
Authors: D. Golding
Journal: BMJ (1965)

MEDICJOUAL 1489 pregnancies so far have been due to unnoticed extrusion.After vaginal examination and a routine Papanicolaou smear, the loop is inserted by a sterile no-touch technique.After insertion the patient is given a cup of tea, and for 5 to 10 minutes rests on the couch before going home.
Case of Hydatid Cyst of the Liver, Cured by a Single Aspiration
Authors: J. B. Bradbury
Journal: BMJ (1877)

course.As an anonymous writer happily puts it in a late number of the Medical and Chirurgical Review (January I877, p. I9): "' There is no treatment of phthisis ; there is a great variety of treatment, as there is a great variety of temperament, for those that suffer from phthisis."It would be idle to do more than suggest, as I have done throughout my remarks here and elsewhere on the natural history of this disease, the limits of prognosis in any individual case.Unhappily, those limits are often narrowed by the carelessness of the patient, who is blinded to his danger, or by the obstinacy of friends who are un- willing to believe the truth.And in this particular alone perhaps some of us may liken ourselves to that illustrious physician who is described by Tacitus* as "non quidem regere valetudines Principis solitus, con- silii tamen copiam proebere".
Perinatal HIV Infection and the Effect of Zidovudine Therapy on Transmission in Rural and Urban Counties
Authors: Susan A. Fiscus, Adaora A. Adimora, Victor J. Schoenbach, Wilma Lim, Ross McKinney, David Rupar, Jean Kenny, Charles Woods, Catherine Wilfert
Journal: JAMA (1996)

To assess health care providers' identification of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-exposed infants, to ascertain the prevalence of transplacental or oral zidovudine treatment among infants exposed to HIV, and to estimate the impact of zidovudine use on perinatal transmission in rural and urban North Carolina.Survey of North Carolina newborns tested for HIV infection in 1993 and 1994 compared with the number of anonymous HIV-positive childbearing women.North Carolina hospitals, public health clinics, and private physicians' offices.Rates of identification of HIV-exposed infants and of perinatal HIV-1 transmission, determined by HIV culture and polymerase chain reaction testing in the infants.The proportion of HIV-exposed children in North Carolina who were identified and tested increased from 60% in 1993 to 82% for all of 1994, and to more than 90% for the last quarter of 1994. The HIV-exposed infants born in rural counties were more likely to be recognized than those born in urban counties (P<.001). In 1994, most infants were evaluated relatively early in life: 39% by 1 week of age, 63% by 6 weeks, and 76% by 3 months. Among infants with recognized HIV exposure, transmission decreased significantly between 1993 and 1994, from 21% to 8.5%, respectively (P=.009). After the announcement of the results of the AIDS Clinical Trials Group Protocol 076, zidovudine was given to 75% of HIV-positive women who delivered infants in North Carolina. Only 5.7% of infants who received any zidovudine became infected, compared with 18.9% of infants who received no zidovudine (P=.007).Health care providers in North Carolina are identifying most of the state's HIV-seropositive pregnant women, treating them with zidovudine, and testing their infants soon after birth for HIV infection. The use of zidovudine in pregnant women and their infants has reduced perinatal HIV transmission in the state.
Acute renal failure and myopathy after treatment with aminocaproic acid.
Authors: C K Biswas, D A Milligan, S D Agte, D H Kenward, P J Tilley
Journal: BMJ (1980)

Reversal of premature hair greying in adult coeliac diseaseThere is no known association between premature greying of the hair and the subsequent diagnosis of adult coeliac disease.I report two cases in which the hair colour turned completely during the third decade and remained unchanged until adult coeliac disease was diagnosed at least 20 years later.In both cases a reversal of the colour change began a few weeks after starting a gluten-free diet. Case reports(1) The patient, a man, had had dark brown hair until the age of 25.Discoloration progressed until at the age of 30 the scalp hair was snow white.Other body hair was unaffected and he remained in good health.At the age of 53 he was admitted to hospital after an accident and was found to be anaemic.The results of investigations, including jejunal biopsy, were consistent with adult coeliac disease.Institution of a gluten-free diet led to resolution of the anaemia.Within three months of starting the diet his hair was noticeably darker at the temples.Within five years his hair was quite Hai badin reate tocliicareapsofadutcelic isae Hair banding related to c'linical relapse of adult coehiac disease.dark but with streaks of grey, appropriate for his age of 58.Later his bowel action of two soft stools daily changed to one firm stool daily, but he could not remember if his bowel action had ever been different in his youth.A deliberate gluten meal caused diarrhoea, which settled over six weeks, and the freshly emerging hair became light grey once more, returning to the darker colour as the diarrhoea settled.A second gluten meal caused a repetition and obvious bands could be seen (figure).(2) The patient, a woman, had lost her dark brown hair colour during her late thirties alnd became completely white by the age of 43.She had recurrent iron-deficient anaemia which was attributed to menorrhagia until after the menopause,when she was investigated.The findings, including jejunal biopsy, suggested adult coeliac disease.Within a few weeks of starting a glutenfree diet at the age of 58 her hairdresser commented that her hair was growing out darker, and by the age of 63 its appearance strikingly resembled that of the first patient.The hair change was restricted to scalp hair and there was no alteration of bowel habit, but she felt much better. CommentThis report illustrates two grave consequences of treatment with aminocaproic acid, each of which is potentially lethal.The onset of acute massive myonecrosis six weeks after beginning treatment on 18 July
Idiopathic CD4+ T-Lymphocytopenia in an Asymptomatic HIV-Seronegative Woman after Exposure to HIV
Authors: Eduardo Fernández-Cruz, José Marìa Zabay, Maria de los Angeles Muñoz-Fernández
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1996)

To the Editor: CD4+ T-lymphocytopenia is extremely rare in the absence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in asymptomatic persons.1,2 For more than five years we have followed a 30-yea...
Prevention and management of chronic disease: a litmus test for health-systems strengthening in low-income and middle-income countries
Authors: Badara Samb, Nina Desai, Sania Nishtar, Shanti Mendis, Henk Bekedam, Anna Wright, Justine Hsu, Alexandra Martiniuk, Francesca Celletti, Kiran Patel, Fiona Adshead, Martin McKee, Tim Evans, Ala Alwan, Carissa Etienne
Journal: The Lancet (2010)
Wnt signaling regulates smooth muscle precursor development in the mouse lung via a tenascin C/PDGFR pathway
Authors: Ethan David Cohen, Kaori Ihida-Stansbury, Min Min Lu, Reynold A. Panettieri, Peter Lloyd Jones, Edward E. Morrisey
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2009)

Paracrine signaling from lung epithelium to the surrounding mesenchyme is important for lung SMC development and function and is a contributing factor in an array of pulmonary diseases such as bronchopulmonary dysplasia, pulmonary hypertension, and asthma. Wnt7b, which is exclusively expressed in the lung epithelium, is important for lung vascular smooth muscle integrity, but the underlying mechanism by which Wnt signaling regulates lung SMC development is unclear. In this report, we have demonstrated that Wnt7b regulates a program of mesenchymal differentiation in the mouse lung that is essential for SMC development. Genetic loss-of-function studies showed that Wnt7b and beta-catenin were required for expression of Pdgfralpha and Pdgfrbeta and proliferation in pulmonary SMC precursors. In contrast, gain-of-function studies showed that activation of Wnt signaling increased the expression of both Pdgfralpha and Pdgfrbeta as well as the proliferation of SMC precursors. We further showed that the effect on Pdgfr expression was, in part, mediated by direct transcriptional regulation of the ECM protein tenascin C (Tnc), which was necessary and sufficient for Pdgfralpha/beta expression in lung explants. Moreover, this pathway was highly upregulated in a mouse model of asthma and in lung tissue from patients with pulmonary hypertension. Together, these data define a Wnt/Tnc/Pdgfr signaling axis that is critical for smooth muscle development and disease progression in the lung.
Modern models are already being applied
Authors: M. D Stringer, H. D Nicholson
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Collins may not be aware that progressive anatomy departments have already embraced most of the reforms he discusses.1 At the University of Otago, undergraduate medical students are taught clinically oriented anatomy within a curriculum centred around early clinical contact. Anatomy is taught in parallel to clinical cases, clinical skills (including surface anatomy), and radiology. Our teaching has …
Evaluating cardiovascular risk assessment for asymptomatic people
Authors: I. A Scott
Journal: BMJ (2009)

#### Summary points

Clinician assessment of future risk of cardiovascular events in asymptomatic individuals is often inaccurate without formal risk prediction tools.1 Prediction tools that are easy to use and that integrate Framingham criteria of age, sex, serum cholesterol, blood pressure, smoking status, diabetes, and left ventricular hypertrophy into one global risk score have evolved to aid risk assessment.2 In recent decades, new putative risk factors have been described, including clinical risk factors such as chronic kidney disease and metabolic syndrome, as well as numerous laboratory markers of disease (box 1).3 4 5 Each new risk factor attracts studies evaluating whether a certain ancillary test shows an incrementally higher cardiovascular risk after adjusting for traditional risk factors.6 This review asks whether ancillary testing in asymptomatic adults improves the accuracy of predicting cardiovascular risk in individuals, and what effects it might have …
Increased Accumulation of N-lsopropyl-(l-123) p-lodoamphetamine in the Left Auditory Area in a Schizophrenic Patient with Auditory Hallucinations
Authors: HIROSHI MATSUDA, TSUYOSHI GYOBU, None MASAYASU, KINICHI HISADA
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1988)

A schizophrenic patient with auditory hallucinations is reported in which IMP markedly accumulated in the left superior temporal and inferior parietal lobes which correspond to the left primary and secondary cortical auditory areas and angular gyrus, respectively.
PET/CT Imaging of 64CU-Labelled HER2 Liposomal Doxorubicin (64CU-MM-302) Quantifies Variability of Liposomal Drug Delivery to Diverse Tumor Lesions in HER2-Positive Breast Cancer Patients
Authors: B. Hendriks, A. Shields, B.A. Siegel, K. Miller, P. Munster, C. Ma, K. Campbell, V. Moyo, T. Wickham, P. LoRusso
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2014)
Rheumatic Disease in the Forces
Authors: O. Savage
Journal: BMJ (1942)

That the problem of rheumatic disease in the Forces is a considerable one is shown by the fact that out of 2,727 cases seen as out-patients at two military hospitals during the year ended May 1, 1942, 307 were referred because of rheumatism.That is, 1 case out of every 9 was gent up for advice on this account.Just as in peacetime this group of diseases causes great loss of industrial working hours, so, in wartime, rheumatism, though often not severe, interrupts training and disorganizes routine.It may be of interest to analyse the various groups of cases seen and give a brief account of the treatment adopted and the method of disposal followed.This last is of importance to Service medical officers.Table I summarizes the numbers of each group of rheumatic disease and the percentages ad- mitted to hospital either for further investigation or for treatment.
OTIOBIOSIS, THE EAR TICK DISEASE
Authors: W. L. CURTIS
Journal: JAMA (1923)

According to Toomey,<sup>1</sup>"the tick that invades the ears of cattle and man, the 'spinose ear tick,' is an ectoparasite belonging to the family<i>Argasidae</i>. It is no longer considered a species of the genus<i>Ornithodoros</i>, as it was made the type species of a new genus by Banks, 1908. Its proper technical name is now<i>Otiobius megnini</i>(Duges, 1883), Banks, 1908." Among the first to become acquainted with tick infestations of the ear were the natives and early colonists of Mexico. The ear ticks were not, however, considered as members of a distinct species, but were described together with the other ticks found on man as members of<i>Ixodes hominis</i>by Koch in 1844. In the manuscript reports of French surgeons and veterinarians who accompanied the invading French army to Mexico in 1864, we find particular mention of the ear tick. "The horses of the expedition were frequently
Edwina Elsie Green
Authors: M. Prickett
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Edwina Elsie Green initially worked at Leeds Royal Infirmary and St Anthony’s (Essex) before moving into general practice in Fulham. In 1954 she established her own practice in Streatham; during this period she also fulfilled roles as a medical officer at Tooting’s Springfield Mental Hospital, worked part time in accident and emergency medicine at St James’s Hospital in …
AGGLUTINATION IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF DYSENTERY
Authors: C. J. Martin, P. Hartley, F. E. Williams
Journal: BMJ (1918)

JUNE 8, igI8 hypodermic injection of morphine, and, lastly, speed in evacuation.In order that a prepared splint may be within easy reach of any part of a trench system in which it may be required, it is suggested that they be taken to the front, line; and that oie at least should be kept in each stretcher- bearer's dug-out.As each case with a splint is brought to the regimental aid post, a prepared splint is given to the bearers to replace it. CONCLUSIONS.In conclusion, the following points may be emphasized: 1. Thie extension brace provides a standardized, simple, and effective means of extension, which is more rapid of application than any improvised method.2. The Tbomas splint, prepared as described, forms a complete armamentarium for "putting up" a fractured femur and does away with the necessity of carrying accessories.It is therefore well adapted for taking to the front line trench.3. By having the fracture reduced and the limb extended and immobilized before the casualty is carried to the regimental aid post, the process of mechanical devitalization that takes place during this period more than any other in the line of evacuation is reduced to a iminimum, and will lead to much improved functional results and reduce the mortality, I have to thank Captain Edmund Price, R.A.M.C.
NIH Signals Intent to Boost Funding of Emergency Care Research and Training
Authors: Mike Mitka
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Comparing the Means of Several Groups
Authors: Katherine Godfrey
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1985)

This article discusses statistical methods for comparing the means of several groups and focuses on examples from 50 Original Articles published in the Journal in 1978 and 1979. Although medical authors often present comparisons of the means of several groups, the most common method of analysis, multiple t-tests, is usually a poor choice. Which method of analysis is appropriate depends on what questions the investigators wish to ask. If the investigators want to identify which of the groups under study are different from the rest, they will need a different method from the one required if they wish simply to decide whether or not the groups share a common mean. More complicated questions about the group means call for more sophisticated techniques. Of the 50 Journal articles examined, 27 (54 per cent) used inappropriate statistical methods to analyze the differences between group means. Investigators need to become better acquainted with statistical techniques for making multiple comparisons between group means.
Echocardiographic Estimation of Aortic-Valve Gradient in Aortic Stenosis
Authors: ALLAN SCHWARTZ
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1978)

Fifty-five consecutive patients with aortic stenosis underwent echocardiography at the time of cardiac catheterization. Left ventricular systolic pressure was estimated from the echocardiogram assuming that peak systolic circumferential wall stress was constant. Systolic blood pressure was subtracted from the estimated left ventricular pressure to obtain the aortic-valve gradient. Of 44 patients with adequate echocardiograms and catheterization studies, 30 had their aortic gradient accurately estimated by the echocardiogram (r = 0.75). All 30 patients had normal left ventricular systolic function estimated echocardiographically. The echocardiogram underestimated the aortic gradient in all seven patients with poor left ventricular systolic function. An accurate echocardiographic estimate of aortic-valve gradient can be obtained in patients with normal left ventricular function. The technique can identify those patients with insignificant left ventricular outflow obstruction, thereby obviating the need for invasive studies.
GPIIB/IIIA INHIBITORS USE IMPROVES OUTCOMES AFTER ASPIRATION THROMBECTOMY IN PATIENTS WITH ST ELEVATION MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION: A METAREGRESSION ANALYSIS
Authors: Sameer Ather, Navkaranbir Bajaj, Saurabh Gaba, Himanshu Aggarwal, Gopal Ghimire, Vikas Bhatia, Akhil Parashar, Mustafa Ahmed, Charity Morgan, Gregg Fonarow, Sumanth Prabhu, Prakash Deedwania, Wilbert Aronow, Stefan D. Anker, Ali Ahmed, Massoud Leesar
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2015)
Sulindac in Familial Adenomatous Polyposis
Authors: Rafaël Levy
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2002)

To the Editor: Correction of X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency by infusion of autologous CD34+ stem cells transduced with retrovirus containing common g chain, reported by Hacein-Bey-Abina et al. (April 18 issue), 1 is a milestone in medicine.We used a different therapy with a similarly good outcome.X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency was diagnosed in two patients after the initiation of mechanical ventilation for pulmonary failure caused by infections.Immediately after the diagnosis had been made, haploidentical CD34+ peripheral progenitor cells mobilized with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor were isolated to a purity of more than 99 percent. 2 These cells were infused with no preparative regimen and no prophylaxis against graft-versus-host disease.Both patients showed signs of T-cell reconstitution beginning three weeks after the CD34+ infusion and were weaned from the ventilator.They are in excellent health, without graft-versus-host disease, 34 and 68 months after transplantation.Patient 1 does not need replacement immune globulin.Patient 2 received a "booster" infusion of CD34+ stem cells from the original donor one year later to improve B-cell function and now receives immune globulin every three months.Our experience indicates that purified haploidentical CD34+ progenitor cells reconstitute the T-cell compartment and can correct the B-cell defect.Given the possibility of long-term risks 3,4 and the availability of effective alternatives, we think that broader application of gene therapy for the treatment of patients with severe combined immunodeficiency or strategies for the correction of persistent B-cell deficiency after successful allogeneic transplantation 5 are premature and warrant longer follow-up.