tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Hepatitis B Virus and Antigen-Antibody Complex Diseases
Authors: W. Thomas London
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1977)

Infection with the hepatitis B virus (HBV) can induce a variety of responses in human beings. Physicians generally think first of acute hepatitis, a disease characterized by a relatively long incubation period, the appearance in the blood, during the prodromal and acute phases, of the surface antigen of the hepatitis B virus (HBs Ag) and the clinical symptoms and signs of malaise, nausea, vomiting, fever, right-upper-quadrant tenderness and jaundice. The disease, in 90 per cent of the cases, is self-limited with disappearance of HBs Ag and clinical recovery occurring from four to six weeks after onset. Such patients, . . .
Czech doctors plan two day strike
Authors: J. Cook
Journal: BMJ (1996)

Czech doctors employed in the public sector have stepped up their long running campaign for a pay rise by announcing a two day national strike for 25 and 26 March, eight weeks before a general election. The strike, which has been called by the Doctors Professional Club, the union that represents most of the country's 16000 doctors who are employed by the state, will be joined by a second doctors' union, the Czech Doctors Union, and by nurses and laboratory technicians belonging to the Czech, Moravian and Silesian Health …
ARTIFICIAL OPENING OF PULMONARY CAVITIES, INSERTION OF RUBBER TUBE AND INJECTION OF CHLORINE GAS.Read before the Section of Surgery and Anatomy at the Forty-fourth Annual Meeting of the American Medical Association.
Authors: E. L. SHUKLY
Journal: JAMA (1893)

<i>Mr. President and Gentlemen</i>:-Being a physician, I owe this assembly of surgeons an apology for appearing with a surgical paper. For I know full well that physicians, as a rule, are as incompetent in the practice of surgery as most surgeons are in the practice of medicine. Therefore it is with some hesitation that I venture to submit the following observations and remarks: The surgery of the thoracic cavity, excepting for the opening of the pleural sac has been heretofore rather forbidden ground, because, as we know, fraught with so many imminent dangers to life. The possibility however, of doing something in a surgical way toward the mitigation or arrest of the course of disease in cases of pulmonary abscess, either benign or tuberculous has occurred to many during years past. As long ago as 1844 a large apex cavity was incised and a drainage tube inserted by Drs. Hastings
MPs question effectiveness of Food Standards Agency on obesity
Authors: N. Koralage
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Politicians have challenged the Food Standards Agency over whether it has the right initiatives and structure to tackle the United Kingdom's growing obesity problem. Agency representatives met the Commons select committee on health last week to give evidence that will help determine the government's prevention and management policies on obesity.

The committee's chairman, David Hinchliffe MP, said: “The focus of the agency has …
Psychoanalytical psychotherapy is distinct from psychoanalysis
Authors: J. O'Reilly, L. Caparrotta
Journal: BMJ (2012)

We support Lemma and Fonagy’s view that psychoanalysis has a valuable place in modern mental health services1 and would like to add some further points.

Psychoanalysis is an intensive form of treatment and available mainly in the private and voluntary sectors. Psychoanalytical psychotherapy, usually once weekly, either individual or in a group, is an important NHS treatment. It is misleading to …
Protein Kinase C α but not PKCζ Suppresses Intestinal Tumor Formation in <i>ApcMin/+</i> Mice
Authors: Henrik Oster, Michael Leitges
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract Members of the protein kinase C (PKC) family of serine/threonine kinases play key regulatory roles in numerous cellular processes, including differentiation and proliferation. Of the 11 mammalian PKC isoforms known, several have been implicated in tumor development and progression. However, in most cases, isotype specificity is poorly defined, and even contrary functions for a single PKC have been reported mostly because appropriate molecular and genetic tools were missing to specifically assess the contribution of single PKC isoforms in vivo. In this report, we therefore used PKC genetic targeting to study the role of PKCα and PKCζ in colorectal cancer. Both isoforms were found to be strongly down-regulated in intestinal tumors of ApcMin/+ mice. A deletion of PKCζ did not affect tumorigenesis in this animal model. In contrast, PKCα-deficient ApcMin/+ mice developed more aggressive tumors and died significantly earlier than their PKCα-proficient littermates. Even without an additional Apc mutation, PKCα knockout mice showed an elevated tendency to develop spontaneous intestinal tumors. Transcriptional profiling revealed a role for this kinase in regulating epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling and proposed a synergistic mechanism for EGFR/activator protein and WNT/APC pathways in mediating intestinal tumor development. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(14): 6955-63)
Left ventricular inotropic reserve and right ventricular function predict increase of left ventricular ejection fraction after beta-blocker therapy in nonischemic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Tarik M Ramahi, Marcella D Longo, Arina R Cadariu, Kate Rohlfs, Stella A Carolan, Kathryn M Engle, Habib Samady, Frans J.Th Wackers
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2001)
Resident Training Support
Authors: Tracy Hampton
Journal: JAMA (2006)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Pneumococcal Vaccine Efficacy in Selected Populations in the United States
Authors: GAIL BOLAN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1986)

The efficacy of pneumococcal vaccine in groups of patients in the United States at high risk for pneumococcal disease was estimated by comparing distributions of serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolated from vaccinated and unvaccinated persons. Between May 1978 and March 1984, 187 blood isolates and 62 cerebrospinal fluid isolates from vaccinated patients, and 1447 blood isolates and 191 cerebrospinal fluid isolates from unvaccinated patients were serotyped at the Centers for Disease Control. The study did not include patients who were less than 2 years old or who had Hodgkin's disease, multiple myeloma, or immunoglobulin deficiency. In patients with bacteremic disease, the overall efficacy of pneumococcal vaccine was estimated at 64% (95% confidence limits, 47% to 76%); efficacy did not differ significantly with age. In persons over 65 years of age with diabetes mellitus, chronic heart disease, pulmonary disease, or no underlying illnesses, efficacy was 61% (95% confidence limits, 1% to 85%). These findings support the use of pneumococcal vaccine in selected populations in the United States.
Multifocal anaplastic astrocytoma in a patient with hereditary colorectal cancer, transcobalamin II deficiency, agenesis of the corpus callosum, mental retardation, and inherited PMS2 mutation
Authors: Sridharan Gururangan, Wendy Frankel, Russell Broaddus, Mark Clendenning, Leigha Senter, Marie McDonald, James Eastwood, David Reardon, James Vredenburgh, Jennifer Quinn, Henry S. Friedman
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2007)

We describe the case of a patient with transcobalamin II deficiency, hypogammaglobulinemia, absent corpus callosum, and mental retardation who presented at an early age with colorectal cancer and multifocal anaplastic astrocytoma. He was found to have a possible germline mutation of the PMS2 gene, as evidenced by absent protein expression in both normal and tumor tissues. His parents were found to be carriers of a nonsense mutation of the PMS2 gene.
The pepsinogens of human gastric mucosa
Authors: D. P. Whitecross, C. Armstrong, A. D. Clarke, D. W. Piper
Journal: Gut (1973)

Fundic mucosal pepsinogens reveal six major bands of protease activity on gel electrophoresis and four minor bands. Antral mucosa shows two major bands of activity; the four rapidly moving bands found in fundic mucosa are found in lesser activity in the antral mucosa. Duodenal mucosa shows only one slowly moving band of protease activity. There is a significant difference in the pepsinogen pattern when the uninvolved fundic mucosa of gastric ulcer patients is compared with that of cancer patients. A satisfactory method is described for separating the pepsinogens on column chromatography.
Milk-Induced Gastrointestinal Bleeding in Infants With Hypochromic Microcytic Anemia
Authors: John F. Wilson, Douglas C. Heiner, M. Eugene Lahey
Journal: JAMA (1964)

SEVERAL FACTORS are known to contribute to the development of hypochromic microcytic anemia in infants, eg, prematurity, multiple births, and inadequate dietary iron. Recently attention has focused on the possible etiological role of occult gastrointestinal bleeding in certain infants. Although a greater fecal blood loss has been demonstrated in infants with hypochromic microcytic anemia than in controls, using radioisotopic techniques, the cause of this phenomenon has not been elucidated.<sup>1,2</sup> On the basis of previous studies<sup>3</sup>which demonstrated a high incidence of positive guaiac tests on stools, increased concentrations of plasma proteins in gastric juice, and multiple precipitins in high titer to whole cow's milk, it was postulated that the ingestion of whole cow's milk could be responsible for these signs of gastrointestinal dysfunction. It was further speculated that a mechanism of milk-induced gastrointestinal blood loss might lead to hypochromic microcytic anemia in some subjects. The present study was
Persistent Infection with <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> in Ventilator-associated Pneumonia
Authors: Ali A. El Solh, Morohunfolu E. Akinnusi, Jeanine P. Wiener-Kronish, Susan V. Lynch, Lilibeth A. Pineda, Kristie Szarpa
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2008)

Rationale: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the leading causes of gram-negative ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) associated with a mortality rate of 34 to 68%. Recent evidence suggests that P. aeruginosa in patients with VAP may persist in the alveolar space despite adequate antimicrobial therapy. We hypothesized that failure to eradicate P. aeruginosa from the lung is linked to type III secretory system (TTSS) isolates.Objectives: To determine the mechanism by which infection with P. aeruginosa in patients with VAP may evade the host immune response.Methods: Thirty-four patients with P. aeruginosa VAP underwent noninvasive bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) at the onset of VAP and on Day 8 after initiation of antibiotic therapy. Isolated pathogens were analyzed for secretion of type III cytotoxins. Neutrophil apoptosis in BAL fluid was quantified by assessment of nuclear morphology on Giemsa-stained cytocentrifuge preparations. Neutrophil elastase was assessed by immunoenzymatic assay.Measurements and Main Results: Twenty-five out of the 34 patients with VAP secreted at least one of type III proteins. There was a significant difference in apoptotic rate of neutrophils at VAP onset between those strains that secreted cytotoxins and those that did not. Neutrophil elastase levels were positively correlated with the rate of apoptosis (r = 0.43, P < 0.01). Despite adequate antimicrobial therapy, 13 out of 25 TTSS+ isolates were recovered at Day 8 post-VAP, whereas eradication was achieved in all patients who had undetectable levels of type III secretion proteins.Conclusions: The increased apoptosis in neutrophils by the TTSS+ isolates may explain the delay in eradication of Pseudomonas strains in patients with VAP. Short-course antimicrobial therapy may not be adequate in clearing the infection with a TTSS secretory phenotype.
A Clinicopathologic Study on the Feasibility of Direct Surgical Treatment of Occlusive Coronary Arterial Disease
Authors: HARRY A. SWEDLUND, RICHARD W. P. ACHOR, JESSE E. EDWARDS
Journal: Circulation (1962)

The coronary arteries of 112 patients with an antemortem diagnosis of coronary arterial disease were studied at necropsy with regard to the feasibility of coronary endarterectomy for direct relief of the luminal narrowing. The patients ranged in age at the time of death from 40 to 87 years. The condition of the coronary arteries in 20 cases (18 per cent) was classed as pattern 1 (theoretically operable), in 58 cases (52 per cent) as pattern 2 (theoretically capable of palliation), and in 34 cases (30 per cent) as pattern 3 (theoretically inoperable). The youngest man who had a pattern 1 condition was 54 years of age, and of 26 men studied who were less than age 60 years, two had pattern 1 conditions, 12, pattern 2, and 12 pattern 3. Of the four women less than 65 years of age, none had pattern 1 conditions, two had pattern 2, and two had pattern 3. An impression gained from this study was that in general the most severe and diffuse lesions observed at necropsy are seen in the younger men who give clinical evidence of coronary arterial disease. Certain clinical features were analyzed in an attempt to find a correlation between these factors and the anatomic state of the coronary arteries. No clearly defined correlation could be discovered in this series. The role of direct surgical attack on the coronary arteries for relief of atherosclerosis does not appear to be an encouraging one from this study of clinical features and the final pathologic anatomy.
Optic and Peripheral Neuropathy in Cuba
Authors: Alfredo Espinosa
Journal: JAMA (1994)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —We write concerning the epidemic of neuropathy that has been affecting Cubans since 1991. As of June 18, 1993, more than 45000 cases had been reported, with 86.6% of the patients between the ages of 25 and 64 years. The principal clinical forms are optic neuropathy and myeloneuropathy. This condition has been called epidemic neuropathy.<sup>1</sup> We believe that Leber's disease can be used as a theoretical model to explain greater susceptibility of certain persons to epidemic neuropathy. It is possible that the risk of developing epidemic neuropathy is higher in genetically susceptible persons and those with Leber's disease than among those lacking this genotype. Nikoskelainen et al<sup>2</sup>observed that the frequency of preexcitation syndromes in patients with Leber's disease and their families was unusually high. The fact that this disease is mitochondrial would explain the electrocardiographic changes in the patients.<sup>3</sup> With this background information
The Place of Implantation in Tongue and Floor of Mouth Cancer
Authors: Bernard Pierquin
Journal: JAMA (1971)

Since 1959, we have treated cancers of the mobile tongue and floor of the mouth by interstitial therapy with iridium Ir 192 (afterloading technique).<sup>17-19</sup> Among more than 400 cancers of this anatomic region treated either by interstitial iridium Ir 192 pins (épingles) afterloaded through stainless steel guides or continuous iridium Ir 192 wire afterloaded into nylon tubing, we have extracted 153 cases representing all new, untreated lesions of minimal or moderate extent, which have been referred to our clinic at the Institut Gustave Roussy between January 1959 and June 1969; the rest of the 400 cases had recurred or advanced disease. We have at our disposal, then, a period of observation for these patients from a minimum of six months to a maximum of 10.5 years. These lesions have a maximum diameter of less than 4 cm. Here is the distribution of these cases as a function of their
Trips and falls are commonest cause of patient safety incidents in NHS
Authors: S. Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Trips and falls are the commonest causes of patient safety incidents reported by NHS organisations in England and Wales, show the latest figures from the National Patient Safety Agency (NPSA). Figures for England show an increase in reports of incidents, while there has been a decrease in Wales. Less than 1% of incidents led to severe harm or death.

Information on patient safety incidents is collected on a confidential basis as part of the National Reporting and Learning System, which then analyses information and feeds back to NHS organisations. The reporting system is voluntary, …
Dietary Patterns and the Risk of Acute Myocardial Infarction in 52 Countries
Authors: Romaina Iqbal, Sonia Anand, Stephanie Ounpuu, Shofiqul Islam, Xiaohe Zhang, Sumathy Rangarajan, Jephat Chifamba, Ali Al-Hinai, Matyas Keltai, Salim Yusuf
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Diet is a major modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease, but it varies markedly in different regions of the world. The objectives of the present study were to assess the association between dietary patterns and acute myocardial infarction (AMI) globally.INTERHEART is a standardized case-control study involving participants from 52 countries. The present analysis included 5761 cases and 10 646 control subjects. We identified 3 major dietary patterns using factor analysis: Oriental (high intake of tofu and soy and other sauces), Western (high in fried foods, salty snacks, eggs, and meat), and prudent (high in fruit and vegetables). We observed an inverse association between the prudent pattern and AMI, with higher levels being protective. Compared with the first quartile, the adjusted ORs were 0.78 (95% CI 0.69 to 0.88) for the second quartile, 0.66 (95% CI 0.59 to 0.75) for the third, and 0.70 (95% CI 0.61 to 0.80) for the fourth (P for trend <0.001). The Western pattern showed a U-shaped association with AMI (compared with the first quartile, the adjusted OR for the second quartile was 0.87 [95% CI 0.78 to 0.98], whereas it was 1.12 [95% CI 1.00 to 1.25] for the third quartile and 1.35 [95% CI 1.21 to 1.51] for the fourth quartile; P for trend <0.001), but the Oriental pattern demonstrated no relationship with AMI. Compared with the first quartile, the OR of a dietary risk score derived from meat, salty snacks, fried foods, fruits, green leafy vegetables, cooked vegetables, and other raw vegetables (higher score indicating a poorer diet) increased with each quartile: second quartile 1.29 (95% CI 1.17 to 1.42), third quartile 1.67 (95% CI 1.51 to 1.83), and fourth quartile 1.92 (95% CI 1.74 to 2.11; P for trend <0.001). The adjusted population-attributable risk of AMI for the top 3 quartiles compared with the bottom quartile of the dietary risk score was 30%.An unhealthy dietary intake, assessed by a simple dietary risk score, increases the risk of AMI globally and accounts for approximately 30% of the population-attributable risk.
Association between large detectable clonal mosaicism and type 2 diabetes with vascular complications
Authors: Amélie Bonnefond, Boris Skrobek, Stéphane Lobbens, Elodie Eury, Dorothée Thuillier, Stéphane Cauchi, Olivier Lantieri, Beverley Balkau, Elio Riboli, Michel Marre, Guillaume Charpentier, Loïc Yengo, Philippe Froguel
Journal: Nature Genetics (2013)
Retrospective Endoscopic Analysis of Gastric Xanthelasma in the Non-operated Stomach
Authors: M. Moretó, E. Ojembarrena, M. Zaballa, J.G. Tánago, S. Ibáñez, F. Setién
Journal: Endoscopy (1985)

To investigate the significance of gastric xanthelasma, a retrospective review of 109 cases with an endoscopic diagnosis of this lesion was undertaken. A predominance in older patients was noted, with a similar distribution in antrum and fornix. In 15 cases (16.6%) they were multiple. They were occasionally associated with gastric erosions. In particular they were associated with chronic gastritis and intestinal metaplasia (48.9%). It is therefore concluded that gastric xanthelasma is not a rare lesion and that it is frequently associated with senile degenerative changes in the gastric mucosa.
Cellular microparticles in the pathogenesis of pulmonary hypertension
Authors: Nicolas Amabile, Christophe Guignabert, David Montani, Yerem Yeghiazarians, Chantal M. Boulanger, Marc Humbert
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a fatal disease with no treatment options, characterised by elevated pulmonary vascular resistanzce and secondary right ventricular failure. The aetiology of pulmonary arterial hypertension is multiple and its pathogenesis is complex. Although the exact role of cellular microparticles remains partially understood, there is increasing evidence to suggest an active role for microparticles in PH pathophysiology. Patients with PH exhibited higher circulating levels of microparticles compared to control subjects and <i>in vitro</i> or <i>in vivo</i> generated microparticles can induce endothelial dysfunction, interfere with coagulation pathways or modulate inflammatory phenomenon. Whether or not these new conveyors of biological information contribute to the acquisition and/or maintenance of the altered endothelial phenotype is unexplored in PH and requires further study.
Incidence of malaria among children living near dams in northern Ethiopia: community based incidence survey
Authors: T. A Ghebreyesus, M. Haile, K. H Witten, A. Getachew, A. M Yohannes, M. Yohannes, H. D Teklehaimanot, S. W Lindsay, P. Byass
Journal: BMJ (1999)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective:</b> To assess the impact of construction of microdams on the incidence of malaria in nearby communities in terms of possibly increasing peak incidence and prolonging transmission. <b>Design:</b> Four quarterly cycles of malaria incidence surveys, each taking 30 days, undertaken in eight at risk communities close to dams paired with eight control villages at similar altitudes but beyond flight range of mosquitoes. <b>Setting:</b> Tigray region in northern Ethiopia at altitudes of 1800 to 2225 m. <b>Subjects:</b> About 7000 children under 10 years living in villages within 3 km of microdams and in control villages 8-10 km distant. <b>Main outcome measures:</b> Incidence of malaria in both communities. <b>Results:</b> Overall incidence of malaria for the villages close to dams was 14.0 episodes/1000 child months at risk compared with 1.9 in the control villages—a sevenfold ratio. Incidence was significantly higher in both communities at altitudes below 1900 m. <b>Conclusions:</b> There is a need for attention to be given to health issues in the implementation of ecological and environmental development programmes, specifically for appropriate malaria control measures to counteract the increased risks near these dams. <h3>Key messages</h3> Environmental development may have important effects on the epidemiology of vector borne diseases such as malaria This may be particularly important where disease transmission is unstable—for example, in highland areas Children in villages near recently constructed microdams in northern Ethiopia had a significantly increased risk of malaria It seems that this irrigation development programme is leading to increased malaria transmission across a range of altitudes and seasons Intersectoral collaboration is necessary in development projects that may affect communities both positively and negatively