tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Long-Term Treatment of Hyperlipidemic Patients With Clofibrate
Authors: Donald Berkowitz
Journal: JAMA (1971)

In 50 hyperlipidemic patients who responded to clofibrate during a three-month trial period, the medication was continued for six to eight years. Eight of the subjects had essential hypercholesterolemia. The remainder had elevations of both the cholesterol and triglyceride levels. Normalization of the serum cholesterol level occurred in each patient and was maintained throughout the entire treatment period. Each of the 42 subjects with hypertriglyceridemia had at least a 25% reduction in those levels; normal values resulted in 38. A reduction in the serum uric acid level and improvement in oral glucose tolerance was also produced in more than 65% of those in whom these were abnormal initially. No evidence of clinical toxic reactions was present in any case.
Proteinuria in chronic renal disease was not mentioned
Authors: Charlie Tomson
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Case reports of suspected adverse drug reactions Case reports were dismissed too quicklyEditor-The main difference between the replications by Loke et al of Venning's studies from the 1980s and the original is the evidence that is accepted as further follow-up. 1 Loke et al mention that 56 of 63 case reports on adverse reactions were cited at least once but accept only nine instances as valid follow-up: attempts at proof of mechanisms or controlled studies.However, unexpected adverse effects are by definition due to an unknown mechanism, and many established adverse effects still escape elucidation after years.Moreover, further accumulation of anecdotal reports can be sufficient evidence.A 10 year tally of 22 drugs that were withdrawn from the market showed that 18 were prompted by case reports and only four by a controlled study; for at least 13 the case reports proved sufficient reason for withdrawal. 2 A highly unusual event that is repeatedly reported in a recently marketed drug, in the absence of publicity, points to an exceedingly high relative risk, a good argument for cause and effect. 3 Moreover, these risks will be picked up spontaneously. 4 5 Apart from the nine instances of follow-up that were accepted by Loke et al, 15 datasheets were amended and seven BNP drug monographs changed.So, even with some overlap, close to half of the case reports were somehow sufficiently noteworthy to have had consequences.Given the small sample size, this is not far from Venning's original.It is a pity that Loke et al do not make all follow-up more explicit for all 56 instances that followed the 63 reports.Their overall conclusion that lack of follow-up means that case reports are of limited value is a non-sequitur.It shows that a more consistent scheme of hypothesistesting studies by industry, government, or third parties is needed instead of the current haphazard approach to drug safety.Such publications may alert and help clinicians in recognising potential adverse events in their patients.Often there is no other way of discovering something unusual.The record of systematic-that is, controlledpostmarketing surveillance in detecting unexpected adverse effects remains surprisingly poor.
New Unipolar Electrogram Criteria to Identify Irreversibility of Nonischemic Left Ventricular Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Bieito Campos, Miguel E. Jauregui, Kyoung-Min Park, Stavros E. Mountantonakis, Edward P. Gerstenfeld, Haris Haqqani, Fermin C. Garcia, Mathew D. Hutchinson, David J. Callans, Sanjay Dixit, David Lin, Michael P. Riley, Wendy Tzou, Joshua M. Cooper, Rupa Bala, Erica S. Zado, Francis E. Marchlinski
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Contracts for Hospital Junior Staff
Authors: J. Turner
Journal: BMJ (1973)

seen a young mother decerebrated by inappropriate insulin continuation one can never forget it.May I make a second point concerning medical management?In my part of the world we can very frequently manage over- weight pregnant diabetics with on 800-kcal regimen only, with considerable success, even when initial blood glucose levels have been around 300 mg/100 ml.-I am, etc.,
Regulator drops cases against pharmacies offering homoeopathic malaria prophylaxis
Authors: S. Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2011)

The General Pharmaceutical Council of Great Britain has closed cases against pharmacies that offer people homoeopathic remedies to protect them against malaria, after the pharmacists took “remedial action.” The council made no changes to the pharmacists’ registration to practise, however. Its investigation was disclosed in a statement published last week.

The cases were brought after a joint investigation in 2006 by Sense About Science, a charity that promotes evidence based science, and the BBC television programme Newsnight . The investigation showed that the first 10 homoeopathic clinics and pharmacies selected from an internet search recommended homoeopathic pills containing no proven active ingredients to a researcher who said she was travelling to countries where malaria is endemic, instead of referring her to a GP or conventional travel clinic.

The …
IMPACT OF DRUG-ELUTING STENTS ON LONG-TERM PROGNOSIS OF LARGE SIZE CORONARY LESIONS IN STABLE CORONARY SYNDROME
Authors: Taiji Yoshida, Masaya Shimojima, Shoji Katsuda, Bunji Kaku, Tomio Taguchi, Yutaka Nitta, Noboru Fujino, Hidekazu Ino, Masakazu Yamagishi
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Diagnostic and clinical implications of the different genotypes of hepatitis C virus Nagayama R, Tsuda F, Okamoto H, Wang Y, Mitsui T, Tanaka T, Miyakawa Y, Mayumi M. Genotype dependence of hepatitis C virus antibodies detectable by the first-generation enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with C100-3 protein. J Clin Invest 1993;92:1529?1533
Authors: J BUKH
Journal: Hepatology (1994)
A Heparin-Precipitable Fraction of Human Plasma. I. Isolation and Characterization of the Fraction1
Authors: Richard T. Smith, Richard W. Von Korff
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1957)

Evidence has accumulated indicating that the fibrinoid deposits found in histopathologic ma- terial in certain human diseases-for example, acute lupus erythematosus and polyarteritis-may be derived, at least in part, from fibrinogen, fibrin, or a closely related protein (1, 2).Studies of the conditions under which similar deposits are laid down in the blood vessels of rabbits during the generalized Shwartzman reaction (3, 4) and after injection of gram-negative bacterial endotoxin in combination with acidic polymers of large molecu- lar size (5, 6), have provided an experimental model for studying the origin of these deposits.In the rabbit a direct correlation between the dis- appearance of fibrinogen from the circulating blood and the appearance of fibrinoid within the glomerular blood vessels was observed, and the suggestion was made that endotoxin produced an increase in the in vivo precipitability of fibrinogen by acidic polymers (7, 8).It was shown that within less than one hour after an intravenous in- jection of endotoxin, a change in the stability of fibrinogen occurred which was manifested by the cold-insolubility of this protein in the presence of heparin (7, 9).It seemed possible that this heparin-precipitable form of fibrinogen might rep- resent, in the rabbit, a precursor of fibrinoid, and a study of the occurrence of a similar cold-insoluble, heparin-precipitable component in human plasma was therefore undertaken.
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Authors: Mark R. Goldman, Elizabeth London Rogers, Mark C. Rogers
Journal: JAMA (1975)

VARIOUS electrocardiographic abnormalities have been described in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage, meningitis, and other central nervous system processes.<sup>1,2</sup>We report a patient with a pathologically proved subarachnoid hemorrhage in whom the ECG changes were striking and included both complete heart block and pronounced abnormalities of the ST segment and T wave. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 65-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital with the abrupt onset of severe headache, diplopia, nausea, and vomiting. She gave a history of mild hypertension, controlled with thiazides, but no history of heart disease, angina, or stroke. On admission, her blood pressure was 200/100 mm Hg; pulse, 88 beats per minute; and temperature, 36.8 C (98.4 F) per rectum. The patient was somnolent, and she had moderate nuchal rigidity. Her heart sounds were normal; a grade 2 systolic ejection murmur was heard at the left sternal border and a fourth heart sound at
Newspapers' Physician-Reporters Focus on Finding Facts, Not Offering Own Professional Advice
Authors: Marsha F. Goldsmith
Journal: JAMA (1987)

PHYSICIAN-REPORTERS entered the American newspaper scene 18 years ago when Lawrence K. Altman, MD, went to work as a full-time medical writer for the<i>New York Times</i>. What distinguishes Altman and his only two journalist colleagues on major dailies from the many physicians who conduct question-and-answer or medical advice columns in the American press is their dedication to "getting the story," the same as any other reporter. "You're not just giving your own opinion," Altman emphasizes, "you're covering the news. You have to go out and interview, get the scientists to talk to you, and then get the public to understand what it's all about." Medical writers Susan Okie, MD, of the<i>Washington Post</i>and Robert Steinbrook, MD, of the<i>Los Angeles Times</i>concur. "One of the challenges of being a physician and writing for a general-circulation newspaper is to write about complicated medical issues clearly so that the same
Expression Pattern of the Novel Gene EG-1 in Cancer
Authors: Liping Zhang, Raymond Scott Maul, JianYu Rao, Sophia Apple, David Seligson, Maryam Sartippour, Rosalio Rubio, Mai N. Brooks
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2004)

Abstract Purpose: We recently discovered a novel gene responsive to tumor-conditioned media: endothelial-derived gene 1 (EG-1). Its transcript has been shown to be present in epithelial cells, as well as in endothelial cells. In this study, we examined the levels of EG-1 protein expression in breast, colon, prostate, and lung cancers, which constitute the four most common solid malignancies in the United States. Experimental Design: Polyclonal antibodies were generated that recognize the EG-1 peptide. These antibodies were used in immunoblot analysis, as well as immunohistochemistry of multiple human clinical specimens of cancer. Results: In immunoblots of whole cell lysates, EG-1 antibodies revealed the presence of a 22-kDa peptide. Immunohistochemistry of breast, colon, and prostate specimens showed higher levels of EG-1 peptides in cancer tissues, in comparison with their benign counterparts. However, EG-1 expression was minimal in both benign and malignant lung tissues. Conclusions: Here, we demonstrated that the expression of EG-1 is elevated in cancerous in comparison to benign epithelial cells, as seen in immunohistochemistry of human pathological specimens. These observations collectively support the hypothesis that the novel gene EG-1 is associated with the malignant phenotype of the common epithelial-derived cancers of the breast, colon, and prostate.
Prognosis in Crohn's disease--based on results from a regional patient group from the county of Copenhagen.
Authors: V Binder, C Hendriksen, S Kreiner
Journal: Gut (1985)

All patients in the county of Copenhagen (approximately 500 000 inhabitants) with Crohn9s disease, n = 185 were followed regularly between 1960 and 1978. The survival, the course of disease, the frequency of surgery, and the working capacity were estimated for the first 10 years of disease on the basis of the follow up results. The observation time ranged from 1-18 years with a median of 5.5 years for clinical observations, 5.8 years for survival, and 9.5 years for the occurrence of gastrointestinal cancer. The follow up was 100% concerning survival and cancer. The survival did not differ from that of the age- and sex-matched background population. Cancer was seen in only one of 185 patients corresponding to an annual risk of 0.06% and a cumulated risk after 10 years of 0.56, 95% confidence limits: 0.1-3.1%. The cancer was localised in the ileum. For all years, about 45% of the patients were without clinical symptoms of their disease, in 30% the clinical disease activity was low, and in 25% moderate to high. Among the patients with active disease, the course within the individual year was continuous in about one third and intermittent in about two thirds. After 10 years, 99% of the patients had experienced at least one relapse. The operation rate was 33% in the year of diagnosis, 13% in the following year, and then about 3% per year independent of whether or not the patient had been treated surgically in the past. After 10 years, 45% of the patients had not been treated surgically, 42% had had only one operation, and 13% had had two or more operations for their Crohn9s disease. The working capacity was normal in about 75% of the patients for all years except the year of diagnosis. About 15-20% of the patients who had had the disease for more than five years were disabled as compared with about 4.4% of the background population. These results indicate that some of the patients with Crohn9s disease run a more serious course with continuing symptoms despite of medical treatment and frequent surgical interventions. Most patients, however, remained capable for work and were able to lead a normal life.
CDR3 length in antigen-specific immune receptors.
Authors: E P Rock, P R Sibbald, M M Davis, Y H Chien
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1994)

In both immunoglobulins (Ig) and T cell receptors (TCR), the rearrangement of V, D, and J region sequence elements during lymphocyte maturation creates an enormous degree of diversity in an area referred to as the complementarity determining region 3 (CDR3) loop. Variations in the particular V, D, and J elements used, precise points of recombination, and random nucleotide addition all lead to extensive length and sequence heterogeneity. CDR3 loops are often critical for antigen binding in Igs and appear to provide the principal peptide binding residues in TCRs. To better understand the physical and selective constraints on these sequences, we have compiled information on CDR3 size variation for Ig H, L (kappa and lambda) and TCR alpha, beta, gamma, and delta. Ig H and TCR delta CDR3s are the most variable in size and are significantly longer than L and gamma chains, respectively. In contrast, TCR alpha and beta chain distributions are highly constrained, with nearly identical average CDR3 lengths, and their length distributions are not altered by thymic selection. Perhaps most significantly, these CDR3 length profiles suggest that gamma/delta TCRs are more similar to Igs than to alpha/beta TCRs in their putative ligand binding region, and thus gamma/delta and alpha/beta T cells may have fundamentally different recognition properties.
552 Angiotensin converting enzyme gene I/D polymorphism and liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C
Authors: C. Smirne, C. Fabris, P. Toniutto, F. Caldera, R. Mella, D. Bitetto, S. Fumagalli, E. Rossi, R. Minisini, E. Ceriani, E Corlianò, M. Pirisi
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2006)
The Antihypertensive Activity of a Non-diuretic Benzothiadiazine, Diazoxide.
Authors: W. Hollander
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1962)

s1 April 1962The Antihypertensive Activity of a Non-diuretic Benzothiadiazine, Diazoxide.W. Hollander, M.D. (Assoc.), R. N. Kaplan, M.D., A. V. Chobenian, M.D., R. W. Wilkins, M.D., F.A.C.P.W. Hollander, M.D. (Assoc.), R. N. Kaplan, M.D., A. V. Chobenian, M.D., R. W. Wilkins, M.D., F.A.C.P.Author, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-56-4-668_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptSince previous studies in this laboratory have indicated that the antihypertensive effect of chlorothiazide is not due exclusively to its diuretic effect, diazoxide, a non-diuretic thiazide, was tested in 28 hypertensive subjects over the past six months. In a daily oral dose of 200 mg, diazoxide produced significant lowerings of blood pressure which ranged from 15/10 to 45/24 mm Hg. The reductions of blood pressure were not orthostatic, but occurred similarly in both the supine and upright positions. They appeared to result from a decrease in peripheral resistance, since cardiac output did not change. Diazoxide given intravenously in a dose... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Boston, Mass. (CI) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byThe Acute Hemodynamic Effects of Diazoxide in Man 1 April 1962Volume 56, Issue 4Page: 668-668KeywordsBlood pressureCardiac outputDiureticsResearch laboratories Issue Published: 1 April 1962 PDF downloadLoading ...
High Expression of Lymphocyte-Associated Genes in Node-Negative HER2+ Breast Cancers Correlates with Lower Recurrence Rates
Authors: Gabriela Alexe, Gul S. Dalgin, Daniel Scanfeld, Pablo Tamayo, Jill P. Mesirov, Charles DeLisi, Lyndsay Harris, Nicola Barnard, Maritza Martel, Arnold J. Levine, Shridar Ganesan, Gyan Bhanot
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract Gene expression analysis has identified biologically relevant subclasses of breast cancer. However, most classification schemes do not robustly cluster all HER2+ breast cancers, in part due to limitations and bias of clustering techniques used. In this article, we propose an alternative approach that first separates the HER2+ tumors using a gene amplification signal for Her2/neu amplicon genes and then applies consensus ensemble clustering separately to the HER2+ and HER2− clusters to look for further substructure. We applied this procedure to a microarray data set of 286 early-stage breast cancers treated only with surgery and radiation and identified two basal and four luminal subtypes in the HER2− tumors, as well as two novel and robust HER2+ subtypes. HER2+ subtypes had median distant metastasis-free survival of 99 months [95% confidence interval (95% CI), 83–118 months] and 33 months (95% CI, 11–54 months), respectively, and recurrence rates of 11% and 58%, respectively. The low recurrence subtype had a strong relative overexpression of lymphocyte-associated genes and was also associated with a prominent lymphocytic infiltration on histologic analysis. These data suggest that early-stage HER2+ cancers associated with lymphocytic infiltration are a biologically distinct subtype with an improved natural history. [Cancer Res 2007;67(22):10669–76]
IMPACT OF JEOPARDIZED MYOCARDIUM ON THERAPEUTIC BENEFIT ASSOCIATED WITH COMPLETENESS OF REVASCULARIZATION VS. MEDICAL THERAPY IN PATIENTS WITH LEFT VENTRICULAR SYSTOLIC DYSFUNCTION: A PET MYOCARDIAL PERFUSION AND METABOLISM STUDY
Authors: Lee Fong Ling, Thomas Cook, Thomas H. Marwick, Demetrio R. Flores, Weal A. Jaber, Richard C. Brunken, Manuel D. Cerqueira, Rory Hachamovitch
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
SURVIVAL OF THE MAMMALIAN TESTIS IN VITRO
Authors: CLAYTON J. LUNDY
Journal: JAMA (1925)

This study was undertaken at the suggestion of Dr. Carlson with the aim of determining the length of time that may be permitted between the removal of the testis from the donor and a successful graft made into the recipient. So far as we know, in all work on testis grafting in experimental animals, immediate implantation of the excised testis has been made. In similar work on man, the testis has frequently remained for hours in the dead body of the donor, or the excised testis kept on ice for from one to thirty days before implantation, with reports of successful takes of the graft. If true, this would indicate an extraordinary survival of the mammalian testis outside the body under conditions of asphyxia, autolysis, accumulation of metabolites, and absence of nutrient material. Because of the inconclusive character of much of the clinical data, both as to the criteria of
PD3-3-1: A phase Ib/randomized phase II, non-comparative, open label trial of paclitaxel and carboplatin with or without the anti-IGF-IR antibody CP-751,871 as first-line treatment for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)
Authors: Daniel D. Karp, L.G. Paz-Ares, M.N. Pollak, P.D. Eisenberg, L.J. Blakely, P Haluska, R.B. Cohen, H Kreisman, C.L. Melvin, A Gualberto
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2007)
Carrier Status in Hepatitis B: A Modern Scourge With Hope
Authors: Frank L. Iber
Journal: JAMA (1982)

Viral hepatitis, type B (HBV) is characterized in the acute phase by the appearance of the hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) marker in the serum. Approximately 7% of clinically diagnosed HBV cases continue to demonstrate HBsAg in the serum for months after the clinical symptoms have disappeared. These patients are identified as "carriers" of hepatitis B. The prevalence of HBsAg carriers in the general population of the United States is estimated to be 0.2% to 0.5%. The majority of these patients are entirely asymptomatic, yet the carrier at times represents a clear health hazard to his contacts. In addition, it is now clear that the HBsAg carrier is at clear risk of liver disease and hepatocellular cancer. There is general agreement at the time of this printing that there is no established way to treat or remove the carrier status in all affected persons. The HBsAg carrier is an important
Noninvasive diagnostic test choices for the evaluation of coronary artery disease in women: A multivariate comparison of cardiac fluoroscopy, exercise electrocardiography and exercise thallium myocardial perfusion scintigraphy
Authors: Joseph Hung, Bernard R. Chaitman, Jules Lam, Jacques Lesperance, Georges Dupras, Phillippe Fines, Martial G. Bourassa
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1984)
CORD CONNECTION FOR ELECTRICAL OTOSCOPES
Authors: M. H. Cottle
Journal: JAMA (1930)

Electrical otoscopes are universally used for diagnosis, but their employment is limited if manipulations within the external auditory canal become necessary. In cleaning out the canal, for example, the trained otologist holds an ear speculum and the pinna with one hand and has the other hand free for working. With the ordinary electric otoscope the battery handle is too heavy and cumbersome to allow a similar working arrangement. The examiner is forced to hold the pinna with one hand and the otoscope with the other hand. The otoscope proper can by simple means, as illustrated, be separated from the battery handle, allowing its employment to the fullest extent and the free use of one hand. The connection illustrated was made at my direction by the H. G. Fischer Company of Chicago and consists of a light weight double electric wire with suitable terminals for making contacts with the detached parts
APPLICATION OF THE APPROPRIATENESS CRITERIA TO STRESS ECHOCARDIOGRAPHIC STUDIES IN AN ACADEMIC CENTER
Authors: Constantina Aggeli, Konstantinos Lampropoulos, Dimitra Koveou, John Felekos, Christina Kazazaki, Georgios Roussakis, Maria Salourou, Stavroula Lagoudakou, Christos Pitsavos, Christodoulos Stefanadis
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Tea drinking and nervous ailments
Authors: Jeremy Hugh Baron
Journal: BMJ (2005)

the US) pays $2 a pill and each buys a million pills, then this accounting method would assign half as much of the fixed cost to Group A as to Group B. If, however, the fixed costs are only $300 000 (a tenth of the total revenue) for the two million pills, the fixed costs could be allocated by volume rather than by price ($150 000 for each group) and conclude that Group A more than pays the fixed costs and Group B pays much more than it has to.In short, the free riding argument economically is the artefact of an accounting convention and can be eliminated by Group B cutting its prices in half, rather than forcing Group A to double its prices.