tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Chronic Prostatic Melioidosis Treated With Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole
Authors: Robert E. Morrison
Journal: JAMA (1979)

<i>PSEUDOMONAS pseudomallei</i>can cause disease in man varying from subclinical to chronic. Asymptomatic infection, detected by notable titers of specific antibodies, has been reported in as many as 20% of the healthy population in endemic areas. Acute illness is usually fulminant and begins either as a pneumonia or septicemia and may result in multiple metastatic abscesses in virtually any organ of the body. The chronic form of the disease usually involves the lungs, but it may also cause localized suppurative infection of bones, joints, liver, spleen, kidneys, and skin. Genital infection with<i>P pseudomallei</i>is rare in man; however, epididymitis was a constant postmortem finding of melioidosis in military dogs in Vietnam. We report the case of a patient with chronic prostatic infection with<i>P pseudomallei</i>; over a six-year period, four culture-documented relapses and one serologically documented relapse occurred. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> In July 1970, one month after arriving
The Natural History of Transfusion-Associated Infection with Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Authors: John W. Ward, Timothy J. Bush, Herbert A. Perkins, Loren E. Lieb, James R. Allen, Dennis Goldfinger, Susan M. Samson, Samuel H. Pepkowitz, Leonor P. Fernando, Paul V. Holland, Steven H. Kleinman, Alfred J. Grindon, Jane L. Garner, George W. Rutherford, Scott D. Holmberg
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1989)

Patients infected by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) as a result of blood transfusions are unique in that their dates of infection are well defined and their medical conditions before infection are known. To characterize the natural history of transfusion-associated HIV infection, we studied 694 recipients of blood from 112 donors in whom AIDS later developed and from 31 donors later found to be positive for HIV antibody. Of the recipients tested, 85 were seronegative, 116 were seropositive, and 19 had AIDS. Of 101 HIV-seropositive recipients followed for a median of 55 months after infection, 54 had Centers for Disease Control Class IV disease, including 43 with AIDS. Life-table analysis suggested that AIDS will develop in 49 percent of infected recipients (95 percent confidence limits, 36 to 62 percent) within seven years after infection. As compared with recipients without AIDS, the 43 recipients with AIDS had received more transfusions at the time of infection (median, 21 vs. 7; P = 0.01). HIV-infected blood donors in whom AIDS developed were grouped according to whether AIDS developed within 29 months (the median) after donation (Group 1) or 29 or more months after donation (Group 2). As compared with the 31 recipients of blood from Group 2 blood donors, the 31 recipients of blood from Group 1 donors were more likely to have AIDS four years after infection (49 percent vs. 4 percent; P = 0.005) and illnesses resembling acute retroviral syndrome (14 of 24 vs. 5 of 22; P = 0.03). We conclude that most recipients of HIV-infected blood become seropositive, that AIDS develops in about half these recipients within seven years, and that the risk may be higher when AIDS develops in the blood donor soon after donation.
Predictors for the Severity of Bronchial Hyperreactivity in Childhood Asthma
Authors: NERIN N. BAHCECILER, CIGDEM ARIKAN, TUNC AKKOC, ISIL B. BARLAN
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2001)

Bronchial hyperreactivity (BHR) is a common characteristic of asthma and is shown to be a risk factor in the development and outcome of asthma. In this study, we aimed to assess the risk factors at referral for the severity of BHR, which was determined at the end of a mean of 3 yr of follow-up in 98 children with asthma [mean ( ± SD) age, 11.0 ( ± 3.4) yr, male/female = 50/48]. We also evaluated the cross-sectional risk factors for the severity of BHR in the observed children. Information on risk factors at referral was collected from the computer records of the patients followed by an end-of-study visit. Lung function, skin-prick, and bronchial provocation tests were done and total serum IgE level was measured on this visit. The relationship between BHR and risk factors was investigated by multiple linear regression analysis. A lower level of FEV1 % at referral was found to be an important predictor of more severe BHR at the end of the follow-up. None of the other risk factors evaluated predicted the severity of current BHR. We concluded that decreased lung function at referral is associated with a more severe BHR determined at the end of a 3-yr follow-up in children with asthma.
Pulmonary Residuum 14 Months After Skin Rash and Pneumonia
Authors: Larry Sherkow
Journal: JAMA (1980)

<h3>History</h3> This was the second hospital admission of a 13-year-old girl who had abdominal pain, diarrhea, and fever. The complete blood cell count was normal. A diagnosis of gastroenteritis was made, and she responded promptly to treatment. Her first hospitalization 14 months earlier was for an acute illness characterized by fever, rash, and left flank pain. The rash was initially maculopapular, appearing over the torso. It progressed to diffuse involvement, with a hive-like edematous appearance noted about the ankles. Severe pruritus was present. The ESR was elevated, and she had mild eosinophilia. Figure 1 is a chest film obtained at the time of the first hospital admission. Figure 2 is the upper section of a plain film of the abdomen from the second admission. <h3>Diagnosis</h3> Nodular residuum from atypical measles pneumonia. <h3>Comment</h3> Figure 1 reveals left basal pneumonia, pleural effusion, and hilar adenopathy. Figure 2 shows a round nodule in
REPORT OF A CASE OF HEMATOSPERMIA DUE TO HIGH BLOOD-PRESSURE, ASSOCIATED WITH CHRONIC INTERSTITIAL NEPHRITIS
Authors: Ralph B. Scheier
Journal: JAMA (1913)

This pan (Fig. 1) is two-thirds round or oval while one\ x=req-\ third has a flat back surface which permits the pan to be placed squarely against the lower rods of the table (Fig. 2), thus preventing it from moving from its original place.
Emergency Department Overcrowding Gives Ambulances the Runaround
Authors: Mike Mitka
Journal: JAMA (2006)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
My part in the "brain drain"
Authors: L. G. C. Amore
Journal: BMJ (2000)

I am a Colombian family doctor and a clinical epidemiologist. Four months ago I left my country and migrated to the United Kingdom. This is my experience of what it is like to be part of the so called “brain drain” of doctors from developing countries to rich countries in the north.

As a researcher in Colombia I was based in a private university and supported by one of the international clinical epidemiology network's units. My work was well valued and as a group we were able to sort out many of the difficulties that researchers have to solve, such as finding funding while the American government imposed sanctions as part of its drug fighting policies. We were able to …
Prader-Willi Syndrome
Authors: Richard J. Wett
Journal: JAMA (1983)

Through 12 long years, my wife and I struggled with the perplexity of our youngest daughter's  Consultation after consultation and examinations by pediatricians, psychiatrists, neurologists, and family physicians yielded little more than a collage of symptoms, or a more truthful  really don't know what the problem is. Even a university hospital had little to offer in the way of a diagnosis. We could find no concrete explanation for her insatiable appetite, her poor muscular development, her sudden outbursts of temper or stubbornness, and her moderately retarded intelligence. The only, very unsatisfactory, answer we found was that our daughter was disabled, possibly with cerebral palsy: in short, a mentally retarded child. But our family could see that this was only an incomplete response to her complex problem.  One memorable day, I recall being intrigued by an article in the Medicine column of a weekly magazine about an eating disorder.
Molecular Insights into the Evolution of the Family Bovidae: A Nuclear DNA Perspective
Authors: Conrad A. Matthee, Scott K. Davis
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2001)

The evolutionary history of the family Bovidae remains controversial despite past comprehensive morphological and genetic investigations. In an effort to resolve some of the systematic uncertainties within the group, a combined molecular phylogeny was constructed based on four independent nuclear DNA markers (2,573 characters) and three mitochondrial DNA genes (1,690 characters) for 34 bovid taxa representing all seven of the currently recognized bovid subfamilies. The nuclear DNA fragments were analyzed separately and in combination after partition homogeneity tests were performed. There was no significant rate heterogeneity among lineages, and retention index values indicated the general absence of homoplasy in the nuclear DNA data. The conservative nuclear DNA data were remarkably effective in resolving associations among bovid subfamilies, which had a rapid radiation dating back to approximately 23 MYA. All analyses supported the monophyly of the Bovinae (cow, nilgai, and kudu clade) as a sister lineage to the remaining bovid subfamilies, and the data convincingly suggest that the subfamilies Alcelaphinae (hartebeest, tsessebe, and wildebeest group) and Hippotraginae (roan, sable, and gemsbok clade) share a close evolutionary relationship and together form a sister clade to the more primitive Caprinae (represented by sheep, goat, and muskox). The problematic Reduncinae (waterbuck, reedbuck) seem to be the earliest-diverging group of the Caprinae/Alcelaphinae/Hippotraginae clade, whereas the Antilopinae (gazelle and dwarf antelope clade) were always polyphyletic. The sequence data suggest that the initial diversification of the Bovidae took place in Eurasia and that lineages such as the Cephalophinae and other enigmatic taxa (impala, suni, and klipspringer) most likely originated, more or less contemporaneously, in Africa.
Deficiency of decay-accelerating factor and complement receptor 1–related gene/protein y on murine platelets leads to complement-dependent clearance by the macrophage phagocytic receptor CRIg
Authors: David D. Kim, Takashi Miwa, Yuko Kimura, Reto A. Schwendener, Menno van Lookeren Campagne, Wen-Chao Song
Journal: Blood (2008)
116 COMBINATION THERAPY WITH THERAPEUTIC VACCINATION AND INHIBITION OF PD-L1 IMPROVES T CELL FUNCTION IN HCV-TRANSGENIC MICE
Authors: L. Frelin, E.D. Brenndörfer, G. Ahlén, A. Chen, T. Tjelle, R. Kjeken, M. Fons, I. Mathiesen, M. Sällberg
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)
563. Differential Histone Modifications in Transcriptional Active Versus Silenced Episomal Vectors In Vivo
Authors: Efren Riu, Zhi-Ying Chen, Mark A. Kay
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

Non-viral vectors offer great potential for clinical application in gene therapy trials. However, the ability to achieve reproducible, persistent, and therapeutic levels of gene expression in vivo by non-viral gene transfer approaches has been problematic because of the relatively transient nature of transgene expression in vivo. This may limit the use of these vectors in the clinic. The mechanisms underlying gene silencing in mammalian cells are complex and remain unclear. We have previously demonstrated that removal of the transgene expression cassette from the bacterial backbone led to increased persistence of transgenes in vivo. Changes in chromatin remodeling/conformation (in particular, the nucleosome position patterning and modifications in aminoacidic residues on histone tails (i.e. acetylation, methylation, ubiquitination and sumoylation)) are also thought to be involved in transcriptional inactivation. We hypothesized that the mechanisms that result in changes in the chromatin remodeling/structure could be somehow related to the covalent linkage of bacterial DNA to the expression cassette and thus, to gene silencing. To gain insight into this, we have performed a battery of chromatin immunoprecipitations (ChIP) from DNA isolated from the livers of mice transfected with small DNA minicircles devoid of bacterial backbone (which showed marked persistence of transgenes) and the parental closed circular plasmid (which are silenced over time) expressing either alpha-1-antitrypsin (hAAT) or human factor IX (hFIX) reporter genes using antibodies against specific histone modifications. Our studies to date show that markers of euchromatin (i.e. acetylation in histones 3 and 4) were detected mostly in the DNA minicircles whereas heterochromatin markers were mostly present in the parental plasmids (i.e. di-methylated lysine 20 in histone 4), indicating that changes in the chromatin remodeling/structure could be involved in plasmid inactivation in vivo. Understanding the mechanisms by which changes in chromatin remodeling/structure are involved in transcriptional gene silencing is fundamental to unravel the mechanism of transcriptional regulation in mammalian systems. Ultimately this will assist us in the development of new tools that specifically reactivate silenced transgenes delivered via gene transfer vectors.
A CONTRIBUTION TO THE TREATMENT OF WHITE SWELLING OF THE KNEE.Read before the American Orthopedic Association, St. Louis, Mo., September, 1893,
Authors: A. B. JUDSON
Journal: JAMA (1893)

been very little inflammatory reaction, and the slough has come away by the third or fourth day at the longest.I have been in the habit of coating over the area acted upon, with officinal collodion.On enlarged glands at the base of the tongue, if isolated, the pyrozone 25 per cent, solution has given considerable relief to the symptoms incident to that condition.If the adenoid masses have been large and aggregated so as to form physically a true lin¬ gual tonsil, the same objection has seemed to obtain as in the turbinated hypertrophies ; but after all, we have to remember that it is on dead matter, rather than on living tissue that the remedy finds its own peculiar sphere of action.
Using the Radionuclide Salivagram to Detect Pulmonary Aspiration and Esophageal Dysmotility
Authors: K. LEVIN, A. COLON, J. DiPALMA, S. FITZPATRICK
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1993)

That the radionuclide "milk" scan is insensitive for aspiration has been demonstrated. Here the authors review their experience with the radionuclide salivagram in its ability to detect aspiration in children. Tc-99m sulfur colloid, 0.5 to 1.0 mCi in less than 1 mL, is instilled into the mouth and sequential supine posterior images of the thorax are obtained for an hour with delayed images until the oropharynx is cleared of radiotracer. Fourteen studies have been performed in 13 patients aged 1 month to 6.5 years. There are scintigraphic findings consistent with aspiration in 4 of 14 studies (28%); dysmotility (prolonged retention of activity in the esophagus) in 7 of 14 studies (50%); and normal studies in 3 of 13 patients (22%). Eight of 13 patients had milk scans; all were negative for aspiration. One patient studied twice had aspiration on the first examination, and dysmotility on the second study. It is concluded that the salivagram can detect aspiration of oral secretions, is superior to the milk scan in detecting aspiration, and can demonstrate esophageal dysmotility.
Effects of Famotidine vs Antacid on Gastric Acidity: Onset of Action and Symptom Relief
Authors: Dennis L. Decktor
Journal: JAMA (1996)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —The article by Dr Feldman<sup>1</sup>compares the acid-reducing capacities of over-the-counter famotidine with calcium carbonate antacid. We have confidence in Feldman's overall findings as they pertain to the relative duration of effects of each agent on gastric acidity; however, one should exercise great caution before extrapolating the findings from a highly controlled, pharmacodynamic assessment of gastric acidity to an interpretation of clinically relevant symptom relief. The results of several large symptom-based heartburn studies contradict the reported delayed onset of famotidine's antisecretory action in the article by Feldman. These studies clearly demonstrated the efficacy of low-dose famotidine both in treating and in preventing heartburn symptoms in a far earlier time frame than suggested by Feldman's pharmacodynamic data. In 2 such studies<sup>2</sup>(N. Laird, PhD, written communication, March 26, 1996), data collected from 1100 patients with heartburn demonstrated significant symptom relief (vs placebo) as early as 15
Effect of Morphine on Breathing Pattern
Authors: L. D. Egbert, H. H. Bendixen
Journal: JAMA (1964)

Atelectasis can be prevented by intermittent deep breathing. Patients with severe abdominal pain take occasional deep breaths, but these differ from those of normal volunteers. When morphine is given, deep breathing ceases. It appears that morphine, in doses which do not grossly depress ventilation and exchange of gases, may depress the reflex urge to maintain normal pulmonary mechanics. This may explain the increased incidence of postoperative atelectasis following large doses of narcotics. Since severe postoperative pain must be alleviated, measures to reduce or prevent pulmonary complications should be considered. These include vigorous encouragement to do breathing exercises, use of forced deep inspiration with bag and mask, and regional anesthesia to block pain locally.
Biochemical effect evaluation of perfluorooctane sulfonic acid-contaminated wood mice (Apodemus sylvaticus).
Authors: Philippe Tony Hoff, Jan Scheirs, Kristin Van de Vijver, Walter Van Dongen, Eddy Louis Esmans, Ronny Blust, Wim De Coen
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2004)

Wood mice (Apodemus sylvaticus) were captured at Blokkersdijk, a nature reserve in the immediate vicinity of a fluorochemical plant in Antwerp, Belgium, and at Galgenweel, 3 kilometers farther away. The liver perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) concentrations in the Blokkersdijk mice were extremely high (0.47-178.55 micro g/g wet weight). Perfluorononanoic, perfluorodecanoic, perfluoroundecanoic, and perfluorododecanoic acids were found sporadically in the liver tissue of the Blokkersdijk mice. The liver PFOS concentrations at Galgenweel were significantly lower than those at Blokkersdijk (0.14-1.11 micro g/g wet weight). Further results suggest sex independence of the liver PFOS levels, increased levels of PFOS bioaccumulation in older mice, and maternal PFOS transfer to the young. Several liver end points were significantly elevated in the Blokkersdijk mice: liver weight, relative liver weight, peroxisomal beta-oxidation activity, microsomal lipid peroxidation level, and mitochondrial fraction protein content. For the mitochondrial fraction catalase activity, no significant difference between locations was found. The liver weight, relative liver weight, and liver microsomal lipid peroxidation level increased significantly with the liver PFOS concentration. No indications for PFOS-mediated effects on the serum triglyceride, cholesterol, or potassium levels were obtained. The liver PFOS concentration was negatively related to the serum alanine aminotransferase activity.
CD45 ligation expands Tregs by promoting interactions with DCs
Authors: Geoffrey Camirand, Ying Wang, Yuning Lu, Yisong Y. Wan, Yan Lin, Songyan Deng, Galip Guz, David L. Perkins, Patricia W. Finn, Donna L. Farber, Richard A. Flavell, Warren D. Shlomchik, Fadi G. Lakkis, Christopher E. Rudd, David M. Rothstein
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2014)

Regulatory T cells (Tregs), which express CD4 and FOXP3, are critical for modulating the immune response and promoting immune tolerance. Consequently, methods to expand Tregs for therapeutic use are of great interest. While transfer of Tregs after massive ex vivo expansion can be achieved, in vivo expansion of Tregs would be more practical. Here, we demonstrate that targeting the CD45 tyrosine phosphatase with a tolerogenic anti-CD45RB mAb acutely increases Treg numbers in WT mice, even in absence of exogenous antigen. Treg expansion occurred through substantial augmentation of homeostatic proliferation in the preexisting Treg population. Moreover, anti-CD45RB specifically increased Treg proliferation in response to cognate antigen. Compared with conventional T cells, Tregs differentially regulate their conjugation with DCs. Therefore, we determined whether CD45 ligation could alter interactions between Tregs and DCs. Live imaging showed that CD45 ligation specifically reduced Treg motility in an integrin-dependent manner, resulting in enhanced interactions between Tregs and DCs in vivo. Increased conjugate formation, in turn, augmented nuclear translocation of nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) and Treg proliferation. Together, these results demonstrate that Treg peripheral homeostasis can be specifically modulated in vivo to promote Treg expansion and tolerance by increasing conjugation between Tregs and DCs.
Disparate profiles of dys-regulated miRNAs in activated hepatic stellate cells
Authors: Shao-Long Chen, Ming-Hua Zheng, Tao Yang, Mei Song, Yong-Ping Chen
Journal: Hepatology (2012)

We read with great interest the article by Lakner et al. in a recent issue of HEPATOLOGY.1 In this study, the authors found a novel regulator of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), miR-19b, which acted via the transforming growth factor-β signaling pathway. miR-19b was expressed differently between quiescent and activated HSCs, using comparative analysis of microRNA (miRNA) expression. As is well known, comparative analysis is the gold standard approach for detecting dys-regulated miRNAs. This same approach has been used on HSC in 4 other studies related to the topic.2-5 The profiles of dys-regulated miRNAs in activated HSCs are summarized in Table 1. The same protocol was executed with the following steps in these studies: step 1, quiescent HSCs were isolated from normal rat liver; step 2, activated HSCs were acquired by culturing quiescent HSCs in vitro for 10 or 14 days until activated; step 3, the different miRNA expression patterns of activated and quiescent HSCs were analyzed by comparative analysis. However, there was an interesting phenomenon shown in Table 1, which was that the profiles of dys-expressed miRNAs in activated HSCs varied greatly across the studies. The issue remains why the same protocol for detecting dys-regulated miRNAs in activated HSCs resulted in such different miRNA profiles. Shao-Long Chen M.D.*, Ming-Hua Zheng M.D.*, Tao Yang M.D.*, Mei Song M.D.*, Yong-Ping Chen M.D.*, * Department of Infection and Liver Diseases, Liver Research Center,The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou, China.