tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Diabetes and prediabetes in patients with hepatitis B residing in North America
Authors: Mandana Khalili, Manuel Lombardero, Raymond T. Chung, Norah A. Terrault, Marc G. Ghany, W. Ray Kim, Daryl Lau, Mauricio Lisker‐Melman, Arun Sanyal, Anna S. Lok
Journal: Hepatology (2015)

Diabetes is associated with liver disease progression and increased hepatocellular carcinoma risk, but factors associated with diabetes in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in North America are unknown. We aimed to determine factors predictive of diabetes and impaired fasting glucose (IFG) in a large HBV‐infected multiethnic cohort. Adults with chronic HBV not receiving antiviral therapy were enrolled from 21 centers in North America. Diabetes was defined by history/medication use or fasting glucose ≥126 mg/dL and IFG as fasting glucose 100‐125 mg/dL. Of 882 patients included, 47.2% were female, 71.3% Asian, 83.7% foreign born, median age was 44 years, and median body mass index BMI 24.3 kg/m 2 . In this cohort, 26.0% were hepatitis B envelope antigen (HBeAg) positive, 43.9% had HBV DNA ≥20,000 IU/mL, and 26.7% alanine aminotransferase (ALT) ≥2× upper limit of normal (≥40 U/L women, ≥60 U/L men). Overall, 12.5% had diabetes and 7.8% IFG. The combined prevalence of diabetes or IFG was highest among blacks (36.7%) and those either born in the United States/Canada or foreign born with migration &gt;20 years ago (25.5%). Obesity (odds ratio [OR]: 2.13), hyperlipidemia (OR, 4.13), hypertension (OR, 3.67), high ALT level (OR, 1.86), and family history of diabetes (OR, 3.43) were associated with diabetes. Factors associated with IFG were obesity (OR, 4.13) and hypertension (OR, 3.27), but also HBeAg positivity (OR, 0.39). Recent migration was negatively associated with diabetes among non‐Asians (OR, 0.30). Conclusions : Diabetes is more prevalent in HBV‐infected North American adults than the general population and is associated with known metabolic risk factors and liver damage, as determined by ALT levels. Among the foreign born, longer duration of North America residence predicted diabetes risk in non‐Asians. These results highlight the opportunities for interventions to prevent diabetes especially among at‐risk ethnic groups with HBV. (H epatology 2015;62:1364–1374)
Abstract 5376: Evidence of Mobilization of Pluripotent and Very Small Embryonic-Like (VSEL) Stem Cells in Patients with Myocardial Ischemia- A Potential Therapeutic Target
Authors: Ahmed Abdel-Latif, Ewa K Zuba-Surma, Magdalena Kucia, Khaled M Ziada, Mushabbar A Syed, Debabrata Mukherjee, Hussam Hamdalla, Susan S Smyth, Mariusz Z Ratajczak
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Studies have shown that predestined bone marrow-derived stem cells are mobilized in acute myocardial infarction (MI). In contrast, the mobilization of pluripotent stem cells (PSCs), including Very ...
Neonatal lungs are characterized by the presence of high numbers of CD11b+Ly6Chigh myeloid derived suppressor cells that potentiate rather than suppress sensitization to house dust mite
Authors: Ismé de Kleer, Monique Willart, Maud Plantinga, Mirjam Kool, Hamida Hammad, Bart Lambrecht
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Allergic asthma most often develops during childhood, when both the immune and the respiratory system are still in an immature state. In this study we investigate immune cell development and the immune reactions to house dust mite (HDM) in lungs of neonatal mice. We find high percentages of granulocytic CD11b+Ly6G+ and monocytic CD11b+Ly6G-Ly6Chigh cells (20 and 10% of alive cells at day +1 resp) in the spleen and lungs of neonatal mice. Both cell types start entering the lungs a few hours before birth, a process that continues until two weeks after birth. The homing process to the lungs is independent of GM-CSF or TLR4. Upon entering the lung neonatal CD11b+Ly6Chigh, but not CD11b+Ly6G+ cells gain suppressive capacity. This suppressive capacity, as measured by suppression of T cell proliferation in vitro, is arginase-1 dependent. Neonatal lung CD11b+Ly6Chigh cells can therefore be classified as myeloid derived suppressor cells. The cells do not proliferate locally, but keep entering the growing lungs until the age of two weeks. Within the first week the Ly6G+ cells become apoptotic and the Ly6Chigh cells differentiate into dendritic cells and M1 and M2 macrophages. M2-macrophages, consequently peak in numbers between 7 and 14 days after birth. The high frequency of suppressive CD11b+Ly6Chigh cells in the neonatal lung do not suppress but rather potentiate sensitization to house dust mite by differentiating into ST2 expressing CD11b+ dendritic cells.
Accurate quantification of HER2/neu protein expression by laser scanning cytometry
Authors: Holden Elena, Raffi Manoukian, Melvin Henriksen, Ed Luther
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2008)

B27    Introduction and Objectives:  Accurate quantification of relevant proteins linked to personalized therapies is of vital importance as laboratory results often determine treatment choice. We have recently developed an automated analysis method of HER2/neu expression by quantitative laser scanning cytometry. The current study is a continuation of our development program to standardize the automated measurement of HER2/neu protein expression in tissue sections and cell lines and validate this method for absolute quantification of HER2/neu expression in patient specimens.   Materials and Methods:  Fully automated analysis was performed on an iCys® Imaging Cytometer (CompuCyte, MA). The process was fast and objective, requiring a minimal degree of technician intervention together with the supporting image data archived in an accessible format.    Calibration material: Novel standardized CB11 peptides that mimic HER2/neu antigen epitopes, were applied to slides as replicate spots at four different concentrations.  Control materials: a) serial sections of cell lines block with assigned expression levels of HER2/neu; b) serial sections of HER2/neu positive breast carcinoma tissue, scored and “values” assigned by a pathologist.  Staining: slides were stained with HER2/neu clone CB11 Ab at different concentrations, developed with DAB and counterstained with either hematoxylin or DAPI .   Results:  Correlation was established between a) the measured laser light absorbance levels and the peptide concentration; b) the laser light absorption measurements and known HER2/neu expression levels of the cell lines. HER2/neu expression levels of the tissue sections were examined and related to the antibody standard concentrations. Our study provides further evidence that HER2/neu expression can be accurately and reproducibly quantified by automated laser scanning cytometry offering a higher degree of “resolution” compared to currently employed manual or operator-assisted semi-automated microscopy methods. Standardized peptides evaluated in this study hold high promise as future standards for the development of accurate quantitative HER2 expression analysis and also as quality control material.
Clinicopathologic, molecular subtype, and survival prognostic features in premenopausal breast cancer patients by age at diagnosis.
Authors: C. Vallejos Sologuren, H. L. Gomez, J. E. Abugattas, M. J. Marcelo, F. F. Doimi, S. P. Neciosup, J. F. Suazo, J. A. Pinto, R. G. Velarde, V. E. Carlos
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

653 Background: Studies show that breast cancer patients younger than 35 at diagnosis differ from older patients in terms of cancer size, survival, and recurrence risks. We analyzed patients according to age at diagnosis (<35 and ≥35 years). Methods: We reviewed 518 cases of operable and premenopausal breast cancer patients diagnosed between 2000 and 2002 at the Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neopláasicas (Lima, Peru). We compared overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) by age at diagnosis, according to clinicopathologic and molecular subtype: luminal A (ER+ and/or PR+, HER2−) luminal B (ER+ and/or PR+, HER2+); triple-negative (ER−, PR−, HER2−), and HER2 (ER−, PR−, HER2+). We used univariate and multivariate analyses with Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression. Results: Median follow-up was 7.4 years. There was significant difference (p=0.023) between molecular subtype by age group, in the 6-year DFS (57.8% vs. 79.5%, p<0.001), in the 6-year OS (65.1% vs. 84.3%, p<0.001). Patients were analyzed according to node status; there was significant difference in DFS in the metastatic node group (49.5% vs. 76.4%, p<0.001) and negative- node group (71.2% vs. 87.0%, p=0.028) for patients <35 and ≥35 years, respectively. Patients were thus analyzed by molecular subtype; there was significant difference in SLE (p<0.001) in patients <35 versus ≥35 years. Multivariate analysis showed that in patients <35, molecular subtype (HER2 and triple-negative) and node metastases were risk factors for disease recurrence. When molecular subtype and subtype luminal A (reference group) were compared, the HER2 group had a hazard ratio (HR) =1.7 (95%CI 1.1−2.7) and triple-negative subtype HR=2.4 (95%CI 1.5−3.8). Conclusions: Premenopausal patients <35 years with metastatic nodes, luminal A, and triple-negative molecular subtypes have a higher risk of recurrence than those ≥35 years. Molecular subtype and DFS N pt P (chi-squared test) 6-year DFS (%) P value <35 years ≥35 years <35 years ≥35 years Luminal A 36 (47.8%) 207 (42.4%) 55.6 85.8 <0.001 Luminal B 9 (18.2%) 79 (10.6%) 56.0 77.0 0.09 HER2 28 (19.0%) 82 (32.9%) 70.5 74.0 0.69 Triple-negative 12 (15.0%) 65 (14.1%) 0.023 37.0 70.0 0.03 Total 85 433 No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Growth Curve of an Experimental Solid Tumor Following Radiotherapy
Authors: Larry Norton, Richard Simon
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1977)

Because it has long been recognized that the growth of most untreated tumors is well described by Gompertzian or exponential growth curves but that the growth of treated tumors has never been well characterized mathematically, we developed and applied an equation that, while not dependent on restrictive assumptions or unmeasurable variables, was nevertheless capable of describing perturbed as well as unperturbed growth. For the 3964A rat hepatoma, a functional relationship between dose level of radiotherapy and growth-curve response was derived and used for predictive purposes. An implied relationship between tumor size and sensitivity to therapy and some clinical implications were examined.
Correlation of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Content With Recurrences, Survival, and First Relapse Site in Primary Node-Positive Breast Carcinoma After Adjuvant Treatment
Authors: Barbro Linderholm, Kjell Grankvist, Nils Wilking, Mikael Johansson, Björn Tavelin, Roger Henriksson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2000)

PURPOSE: To determine the predictive value of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) for relapse-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) in primary node-positive breast cancer (NPBC) after adjuvant endocrine treatment or adjuvant chemotherapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: VEGF was quantitatively measured in tumor cytosols from 362 consecutive patients with primary NPBC using an enzyme immunoassay for human VEGF 165 . Adjuvant treatment was given to all patients, either as endocrine therapy (n = 250) or chemotherapy (n = 112). The median follow-up time was 56 months. RESULTS: Univariate analysis showed VEGF to be a significant predictor of RFS (P = .0289) and OS (P = .0004) in the total patient population and in patients who received adjuvant endocrine treatment (RFS, P = .0238; OS, P = .0121). In the group of patients who received adjuvant chemotherapy, no significant difference was seen in RFS, but a difference was seen in OS (P = .0235). Patients with bone recurrences tended to have lower VEGF expression (median, 2.17 pg/μg DNA) than patients with visceral metastasis (4.41 pg/μg), brain metastasis (8.29 pg/μg), or soft tissue recurrences (3.16 pg/μg). Multivariate analysis showed nodal status (P = .0004), estrogen receptor (ER) status (P &lt; .0001), and tumor size (P = .0085) to be independent predictors of RFS. VEGF was found to be an independent predictor of OS (P = .0170; relative risk [RR] = 1.82), as were ER (P &lt; .0001; RR = 5.19) and nodal status (P = .0002; RR = 2.58). For patients receiving adjuvant endocrine treatment, multivariate analysis showed VEGF content to be an independent predictor of OS (P = .0420; RR = 1.90) but not of RFS. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that VEGF 165 content in tumor cytosols is a predictor of RFS and OS in primary NPBC. VEGF content might also predict outcome after adjuvant endocrine treatment, but further studies in a prospective setting with homologous treatments are required.
Phase I study of etoposide with SDZ PSC 833 as a modulator of multidrug resistance in patients with cancer.
Authors: D J Boote, I F Dennis, P R Twentyman, R J Osborne, C Laburte, S Hensel, J F Smyth, M H Brampton, N M Bleehen
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1996)

PURPOSE To determine the maximum-tolerated dose (MTD) and toxicity of PSC 833 infusion administered with etoposide for 5 days in patients with cancer, and to determine the effect of PSC 833 on etoposide pharmacokinetics. PATIENTS AND METHODS Thirty-five patients were entered onto the study, one of whom was ineligible. Etoposide was delivered from day 1 as a 2-hour infusion over 5 consecutive days at a dose of 75 to 100 mg/m2/d. PSC 833 was administered from day 2 as a 2-hour loading dose and as a 5-day continuous infusion. Doses were escalated from 1 to 2 mg/kg (loading dose) and 1 to 15 mg/kg/d (continuous infusion). RESULTS Thirty-four patients were treated with 53 cycles of PSC 833 and etoposide. Steady-state blood PSC 833 levels more than 1,000 ng/mL were achieved in all patients treated at PSC 833 doses &gt; or = 6.6 mg/kg/d by continuous infusion. Myelosuppression was the most common toxicity. The major dose-related toxicity of PSC 833 was reversible hyperbilirubinemia, which occurred in 83% of cycles. The dose-limiting toxicity of PSC 833 was severe ataxia, which occurred in two of nine patients treated at 12 mg/kg/d and in both of the single patients treated at 13.5 and 15 mg/kg/d. PSC 833 concentrations more than 2,000 ng/mL resulted in an increase in etoposide area under the curve (AUC) of 89%, a decrease in etoposide clearance (Cl) of 45%, a decrease in volume of steady-state distribution (Vss) of 41%, and an insignificant increase in alpha half-life (t 1/2 alpha) and significant increase of beta half-life (t 1/2 beta) of 19% and 77%, respectively. CONCLUSION PSC 833 can be administered in combination with etoposide with acceptable toxicity. The recommended continuous infusion dose of PSC 833 for this schedule is 10 mg/kg/d over 5 days. PSC 833 results in an increase in etoposide exposure and etoposide doses should be reduced in patients receiving PSC 833.
Efficacy of fluticasone furoate (FF) and vilanterol (VI), separately and in combination (FF/VI), in an allergen challenge model
Authors: Amanda Oliver, Leif Bjermer, Dean Quinn, Parminder Saggu, Paul Thomas, Katy Yarnall, Jan Lötvall
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Introduction:  FF and VI are respectively, a novel inhaled corticosteroid and long-acting beta 2  agonist. FF is efficacious in asthma over 24h as monotherapy and combined with VI.   Objectives:  Evaluate the effect of FF/VI on the allergen-induced early and late asthmatic response (EAR/LAR) and airway hyper-responsiveness (AHR) relative to placebo (PBO) and individual components.   Methods:  Randomised, double-blind, 4-way crossover study of 27 mild asthma patients who received FF (100mcg), VI (25mcg), FF/VI (100/25mcg) and PBO once daily for 21 days (4 periods). Allergen challenge was performed on Day 21 of each period 1h post dose. AHR was assessed 24h later by PC20 methacholine challenge.   Results:  FEV 1  maximum decline during EAR (0–2h post-challenge) was significantly less with FF/VI and FF vs PBO. Treatment differences in minimum FEV 1  (mL [95% CI]) vs PBO were 477 [282,672], 265 [66,463] and 135 [–72,343] with FF/VI, FF and VI, respectively. For LAR (4–10h post challenge) weighted mean (wm)FEV 1  was greater with all therapies vs PBO: 484 [332,636], 484 [330,638] and 168 [9,638] for FF/VI, FF and VI. Significant differences during EAR and LAR were seen for FF/VI vs VI with wmFEV 1  and during EAR for FF/VI vs FF for maximum FEV 1  decline. Alleviation of AHR relative to PBO was seen with FF/VI (2.43 doubling doses [1.65,3.21]) and FF (1.62 [0.88,2.41]) but not VI (0.26 [–0.55,1.07]).   Conclusions:  FF/VI and FF protected from all components of the asthmatic response. Overall FF/VI provided superior protection from the response to inhaled aeroallergens than monotherapy, with bronchoprotective effects lasting for over 24h.  Funded by GSK (HZA113126; NCT01128595).
Characterization of dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase on immunohisto-chemistry in colon carcinoma, and correlation between immunohisto-chemical score and protein level or messenger RNA expression
Authors: T. Takenoue, J. Kitayama, Y. Takei, N. Umetani, K. Matsuda, M.E. Nita, K. Hatano, T. Tsuruo, H. Nagawa
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2000)
Fluorescent Antibody Studies of Viruses of the Avian Leukosis Complex&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: M. K. Cook, A. G. Grochal, R. J. Huebner
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1966)

An indirect fluorescent antibody (FA) test was found useful for detection of antibodies to Rous sarcoma virus of the Bryan or Schmidt-Ruppin strains and the known members of the avian leukosis group. The sensitivity and specificity of the test appeared to be satisfactory, and the possible value of the test for screening chicken sera for avian leukosis antibodies was evaluated. The FA test, for which we used chicken sera, was also utilized to detect viremia in chickens and leukosis infection of chick embryos and tissue culture cells derived from infected embryos. The FA test offered certain advantages not provided by other tests. When used to detect antigen in tissue cultures infected with low multiplicities of virus, the FA test was more sensitive and the cultures became positive sooner than with the complement fixation test for avian sarcoma and leukosis (the COFAL test). However, when approximately 50% of the cells in infected tissue cultures exhibited specific fluorescent antigen, such cultures in every instance were also positive in the COFAL test.
American Board of Internal Medicine and Maintenance of Certification Standards
Authors: Lois Margaret Nora
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
Methyl-CCNU, 5-fluorouracil, vincristine, and streptozocin (MOF-STREP) in metastatic colo-rectal carcinoma.
Authors: M D Weltz, D J Perry, J Blom, W M Butler
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1983)

Forty patients with metastatic colorectal carcinoma who had received no prior chemotherapy were entered onto a trial of methyl-CCNU, 5-fluorouracil, vincristine, and streptozocin (MOF-STREP). Ten of 40 (25%) responded. Two patients (5%) achieved a complete response and eight patients (20%) a partial response. In addition, 10 patients previously treated with chemotherapy received the MOF-STREP regimen; 1 of 10 (10%) responded. The duration of the complete responses were 5 and 16 mo, respectively. The median duration of the partial responses was 4 mo with a range of 1-16 mo. The median survival of the 11 responders was 14 mo. Median survival of the 39 nonresponders was 5 months. Responders lived significantly longer than nonresponders (p = 0.03, log-rank). Toxicity was severe with nausea and vomiting common after streptozocin and myelosuppression requiring dose reductions in 70% of patients. We compare our findings using this regimen to those of two previously reported trials.
Psychiatry takes to the streets: the New York City initiative for the homeless mentally ill
Authors: L R Marcos, N L Cohen, D Nardacci, J Brittain
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1990)

The authors describe New York City's program to remove seriously mentally ill homeless people from the streets to a public hospital. They report on the 298 patients hospitalized during the first year of this program. Most of the patients were male (66%), single (77%), and from outside of New York City (79%) and claimed a history of previous psychiatric hospitalization (92%) and that they had been homeless for more than 1 year (66%). Most of the patients suffered from schizophrenia (80%) and had additional medical diagnoses (73%). Follow-up contact with the patients 2 years after initiation of the program revealed that 55% of the patients either were living in a community setting or were under institutional care.
Ichthyosiform erythroderma with rickets: report of five cases
Authors: G. Sethuraman, B.K. Khaitan, S.S. Dash, K. Chandramohan, V.K. Sharma, M. Kabra, K.K. Verma, R. Goswami, S. Thulkar
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2007)

We describe five children with ichthyosis and rickets. The association of ichthyosis and rickets is very rare. Four children had lamellar ichthyosis and one child had nonbullous ichthyosiform erythroderma/psoriasis with atopy. All had biochemical and radiological evidence of rickets. Three had clinically evident rickets, of whom two had very severe skeletal deformities. Such a severe skeletal involvement due to rickets in association with ichthyosis is exceptionally rare. We suggest that children with severe ichthyosis, in particular those with pigmented skin, need to be evaluated for rickets, especially in developing countries where there is a background prevalence of vitamin D deficiency.