tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Bone Marrow Transplantation, Ulcerative Colitis, and Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)
Authors: Alexander S. D. Spiers
Journal: JAMA (1987)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> It is universally recognized that bone marrow transplantation from an allogeneic donor is followed by severe and frequently prolonged acquired immune deficiency.<sup>1,2</sup>Many clinical and immunologic features of the syndrome resemble those of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), including reversal of the T4/T8 lymphocyte ratio.<sup>3</sup>Because of these similarities and because recipients of marrow transplants also receive multiple transfusions of red blood cells and platelets, Atkinson and coworkers<sup>4</sup>examined serum samples from 17 marrow transplant recipients for antibody to human T-cell lymphotropic virus type III (human immunodeficiency virus). Of the 16 patients who were seronegative, eight had severe infections, and it was concluded that the immune deficiency after marrow transplantation is not caused by an AIDS-associated retrovirus. A group in Paris,<sup>5</sup>while in basic agreement with this view, has demonstrated antibody to the AIDS virus in 4% of marrow recipients before transplantation and in
The Treatment of Leukemia and Pseudo-Leukemia with Roentgen Rays.
Authors: W. A. Pusey
Journal: JAMA (1904)

Chicago, July 6, 1904. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —InThe Journal, July 2, 1904, there is a report of a case of leukemia treated with<i>x</i>-rays by Grosh and Stone. The article begins, "In August, 1903, Senn reported an apparent cure of a ease of myelogenous leukemia under the influence of Roentgen rays," and ends, "This report is submitted because of the scarcity of reported cases, in the hope that other workers will soon take up investigations in this field." In the same issue ofThe Journalthere is an abstract from the<i>Muenchener medicinische Wochenschrift</i>on the influence of Roentgen rays on lymphoid tissue, in which it is said, "Heineke adds a note in correcting the proof of his article that his theoretical assumptions have already received confirmation by the news from America that Senn and Crane have cured cases of leukemia and pseudo-leukemia by Roentgen treatment." I have
Phenotypic and functional characterization of T cells from patients with myasthenia gravis.
Authors: F Mokhtarian, M Pino, W Ofosu-Appiah, D Grob
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1990)

A study of cell surface phenotypes of PBL of myasthenia gravis (MG) patients showed that their T cells had a significantly higher percentage of 4B4+ T cells (the helper/inducer subset) than age- and sex-matched controls. The PBL of MG patients proliferated significantly higher than those of normal subjects (NS) in response to the purified alpha chain of the acetylcholine receptor (AChR). Anti-AChR antibody was present in sera of 88% of MG and none of the NS. The PBL B cells from MG only, when cultured with autologous T cells and stimulated with either pokeweed mitogen (69%), or AChR-alpha chain (38%), secreted antibody to AChR-alpha chain, whereas T and B cells alone secreted no antibody. T cells from PBL of MG patients were more readily cloned than T cells of NS, by limiting dilution, in the presence of recombinant IL-2 and in the absence of AChR-alpha chain. About 50% of T cell clones from MG patients, compared to none from NS, proliferated to AChR-alpha chain. This response was HLA-DR restricted. MG T cell clones did not display significant cytotoxic activity, as compared to control T cell clones. Our results indicate that in MG, 4B4+ regulatory T cells play their role in the pathogenesis of MG, not by cytotoxicity, but more likely by their ability to stimulate specific antibody production by B cells.
Physician Signers of the Declaration of Independence
Authors: Lester S. King
Journal: JAMA (1977)

<h3>Theory and Practice in American Medicine: Historical Studies From the Journal of the History of Medicine &amp; Allied Sciences,</h3> edited by Gert H. Brieger, 272 pp, with illus, $12, paper $4.95, New York, Science History Publications, 1976. The bicentennial year has focused attention on the history of American medicine, with the result that many important studies have been recently published. Two new books deserve special notice and special commendation. The first deals with the physicians who signed the Declaration of Independence. Everyone knows that among the 56 signers were "several" physicians, and that Benjamin Rush was among them. But who were the others? And what do we know about them? A group of outstanding historians, under the editorship of George E. Gifford, Jr, has produced a brief but splendid volume that describes each of the five signers. In the essays, we get interesting biographical sketches of the individual physicians and,
Patrick George Campbell Manson
Authors: C. Elliott, C. H. Oliver
Journal: BMJ (2012)

The entire community of Hawick was deeply shocked and saddened by the sudden death of Patrick George Campbell Manson. Pat was a most dedicated, conscientious, thoughtful, and caring general practitioner. The wellbeing and care of his patients was the cornerstone of his professional life, and he gave his time unstintingly, often to his own personal detriment. We know that he felt very privileged indeed to have shared in the highs and lows of the lives of his many patients.

Pat was the eldest of three brothers and spent his early years in Alford, Aberdeenshire, where his father was a GP and local Scoutmaster. He became an active member of the Scout movement, where he developed his love for nature and the outdoors. He was educated at Inverurie Academy before attending Aberdeen University. He did his …
Structural analysis of the human immunodeficiency virus-binding domain of CD4. Epitope mapping with site-directed mutants and anti-idiotypes.
Authors: Q J Sattentau, J Arthos, K Deen, N Hanna, D Healey, P C Beverley, R Sweet, A Truneh
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1989)

The CD4 molecule, a differentiation marker expressed primarily by T lymphocytes, plays an important role in lymphocyte activation. CD4 is also the receptor for HIV. A number of recent studies have localized the high affinity binding site of the HIV envelope glycoprotein, gp120, to the NH2-terminal (V1) domain of CD4, a region with sequence and predicted structural homology with Ig kappa chain V domains (V kappa). In this report, we show that V1 bears structural similarities with V kappa regions through detailed epitope mapping of 26 CD4 mAbs. The binding sites of these mAbs were initially defined relative to one another by crossblocking analysis and were then localized to specific domains of CD4 in blocking studies with truncated, soluble CD4 proteins. The epitopes within the V1 domain were mapped in detail with a panel of 17 substitution mutants, and the specificities of several mAbs that appear to recognize very similar epitopes were examined in crossblocking studies with anti-idiotype antibodies. The location of the epitopes is consistent with a V kappa-like structure of V1. Most of the epitopes lie within regions of predicted exposed loops. A number of these epitopes span discontinuous residues in the linear sequence that lies in close proximity in an Ig fold. Alignment of CD4 V1 with the Ig V kappa chains places these epitopes within stretches corresponding to the complimentarity-determining regions. This epitope analysis is relevant for a vaccine strategy for HIV based on anti-idiotype antibodies to CD4 mAbs and for studies with CD4 antibodies on the role of CD4 in T lymphocyte activation.
Intravenous fluids in adults undergoing surgery
Authors: B. Liu, S. Finfer
Journal: BMJ (2009)

High quality research is needed before guidelines can be reliable and useful

The publication of British consensus guidelines on intravenous fluid therapy for adult surgical patients is a welcome and overdue recognition of the importance of this treatment.1 This recognition is timely, because emerging evidence indicates that the choice of fluid and resuscitation protocol may materially affect patients’ outcomes.2 3 4

Clinical practice guidelines that are well conceived, researched, and written help clinicians provide the best evidence based care. They also help policy makers, clinicians, and patients by providing a benchmark for appropriate practice, and researchers and research funding agencies by identifying gaps in evidence where research is needed. To achieve these goals, guidelines must meet certain quality standards—their scope and purpose should be clearly articulated, they should be based on systematic review of all the relevant primary literature, the search strategies used should be provided for critique, and the criteria by which studies are included or excluded and by which the quality of evidence is rated should be described.5 6

The British consensus guidelines fall short of attaining these goals. The stated aim of the guidelines …
THE BLOOD IN CARBON MONOXID POISONING
Authors: John R. Williams
Journal: JAMA (1918)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —In an excellent summary of the present knowledge of carbon monoxid poisoning (The Journal, Aug. 19, 1916, p. 580), Prof. Yandell Henderson of Yale University suggests that "asphyxial coma... indicates an intense acidosis." No data were offered to support this conclusion, nor have I, in a cursory examination of the literature, been able to find evidence on this point. Through the courtesy of Dr. Joseph Roby, I have recently had an opportunity of studying the blood of a person suffering from intense carbon monoxid poisoning. The patient was a country girl, aged 17 years, residing in a boarding house. She had just come to the city to attend school, and was not familiar with the operation of gas fixtures. One night, through some inadvertence, she left the gas cock partly open. When found, she was unconscious and pulseless. She was taken to the hospital, where stimulants were
Multiple Sclerosis in a Small New England Community
Authors: Walter E. Deacon, Leo Alexander, Howard D. Siedler, Leonard T. Kurland
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1959)

SUFFICIENT information exists concerning the prevalence and the incidence patterns of multiple sclerosis in North America1 , 2 so that communities can now be recognized and statistical documentation can be achieved where either excessive or low frequency rates are believed to occur. Intensive controlled investigations of communities with established high or low rates might lead to the recognition of variables of causative significance. One study, which led to negative results, has been conducted in an attempt to confirm a reported local excess of multiple sclerosis.3 This report presents the results of preliminary investigations concerning the prevalence and incidence of multiple sclerosis in . . .
Failure of Beta-Adrenergic Blockade to Alter Ventricular Fibrillation Threshold in the Dog
Authors: ROBERT A. ROSATI, JAMES A. ALEXANDER, ANDREW G. WALLACE, WILL C. SEALY, W. GLENN YOUNG
Journal: Circulation Research (1966)

The effects of two beta-adrenergic blocking agents, pronethalol and propranolol, on ventricular fibrillation thresholds were tested in dogs. Pronethalol (4.0 mg/kg, 5 dogs) produced a mean increase of 45% in the fibrillation threshold. Propranolol (0.4 mg/kg, 7 dogs) failed to produce a significant change of the fibrillation threshold. To examine the possibility that the difference between the responses to pronethalol and propranolol might be related to the difference in dose of the beta-blocking agents, 4.0 mg/kg of propranolol was given to 3 dogs; this dose also failed to produce a consistent change of ventricular fibrillation threshold. These data indicate that under the conditions of our experiments it was possible to block the beta-adrenergic receptors with propranolol without producing a change of the ventricular fibrillation threshold. The increase of the fibrillation threshold produced by pronethalol was probably a consequence of its quinidine-like properties rather than of its beta-receptor blockade.
Before the Tremor: Premotor Symptoms of Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Lindsey Konkel
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2013)

Before the TremorPremotor Symptoms of Parkinson's Disease Clinicians currently diagnose Parkinson's disease (PD) by the presence of tremor and impaired movement.However, PD patients also suffer from a wide range of nonmotor symptoms, some of which may appear years before the motor signs.In this issue of EHP, a national group of experts reviews the current body of research on these premotor symptoms, which may offer clues to better understanding the development of PD and identifying at-risk populations. 1"A growing body of evidence suggests that Parkinson's disease is more than a brain disorder.Premotor symptoms offer a unique opportunity to understand the early development of the disease," says lead author Honglei Chen, head of the Aging and Neuroepidemiology Group at the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences.Although there is currently no cure for PD, which affects an estimated 1-2% of people over 60, 2 figuring out how to spot this disease earlier in its development may give researchers an opportunity to identify more effective treatments, Chen says.Epidemiological studies suggest that nonmotor symptoms such as hyposmia (poor sense of smell), chronic constipation, rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (in which sufferers appear to act out dreams in their sleep), daytime sleepiness, anxiety, and depression may occur before the appearance of motor dysfunction in PD patients.Motor symptoms typically become apparent when the substantia nigra-a portion of the brain important for movement-has lost 50% or more of its dopaminergic neurons. 1"The clinical signs of the disease are just the tip of the iceberg.There's a lot going on under the surface that we don't yet recognize," says Andrew Feigin, a PD researcher at the Feinstein Institute for Medical Research in Manhasset, New York.Feigin was not involved in the current review.The average age at PD diagnosis is 60, according to the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. 3It's unclear how far in advance of clinical symptoms early premotor symptoms may be recognized.Clinical studies have documented the onset of rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder or constipation 10-20 years before PD diagnosis.Data are inconsistent for the timing of other premotor symptoms. 1Hyposmia, or poor sense of smell, can signal Parkinson's disease years before diagnosis.
PLASMA ATRIAL NATRIURETIC FACTOR IN CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE
Authors: Kouichi Ogawa, Takayuki Ito, Hidekazu Hashimoto, Yoshinobu Ito, Osamu Ohno, Hideyuki Tsuboi, Nobutoshi Takasu, Tamotsu Tanahashi, Tatsuo Satake
Journal: The Lancet (1986)
Three Distinct Patterns of Ventricular Activation in Infarcted Human Hearts
Authors: Robert Hatala, Pierre Savard, Gaétan Tremblay, Pierre Pagé, René Cardinal, Franck Molin, Teresa Kus, Réginald Nadeau
Journal: Circulation (1995)

Background Comprehensive data based on single-beat analysis of the ventricular activation sequence during sinus rhythm in infarcted hearts are currently not available. It was the aim of our study (1) to measure and analyze these activation sequences on the epicardial surface of the right and left ventricles and on the left ventricular endocardial surface, and (2) to correlate specific activation patterns with the surface ECG. Methods and Results Isochronal maps were computed from 127 endocardial and epicardial unipolar electrograms recorded simultaneously during sinus rhythm in 45 post–myocardial infarction patients operated on for recurrent ventricular tachycardia (age, 57±10 years [mean±SD], left ventricular ejection fraction, 29±9%). Patients with bundle-branch block, but not with intraventricular conduction defects, were excluded. Data such as the timing of initial and terminal activation, the number of breakthroughs, the total activation time, and the number of ventricular segments without activation were measured and analyzed according to location of the myocardial infarction. The global epicardial activation was characterized in all patients by a widespread initial breakthrough on the anterior right ventricle (16±8 milliseconds after QRS onset), which was followed by one or two other breakthroughs in 65% of patients. Subsequently, three characteristic epicardial patterns of the activation spread were found: (1) radial, from the right to the left ventricle, found in all patients with inferoposterior myocardial infarction; (2) counterclockwise rotation, in which posteroseptal crossing preceded the anteroseptal crossing, found in 38% of patients with anterior myocardial infarction; and (3) pincerlike encirclement, in which both septal crossings and/or breakthroughs occurred nearly simultaneously and merged at the left ventricular free wall (typical for apical involvement in anterior and combined myocardial infarction). The simultaneous presence of multiple major activation wave fronts typically found in patients with the pincerlike activation pattern was reflected on the surface ECG by multiphasic, notched QRS complexes. Activation delay was observed in 89% of patients, and terminal activation was topographically related to myocardial infarction in 94% of patients. Delayed activation exceeding the surface QRS was observed in 11% and 31% of cases on the endocardium and epicardium, respectively. Conclusions These results offer a solid basis for a more precise interpretation of a wide range of electrophysiological data and provide a framework for future investigations of surface ECG reflections of endocardial and epicardial activation patterns recorded in patients with chronic myocardial infarction.
Effects of vitamin C infusion and vitamin E-coated membrane on hemodialysis-induced oxidative stress
Authors: C.-C. Yang, S.-P. Hsu, M.-S. Wu, S.-M. Hsu, C.-T. Chien
Journal: Kidney International (2006)

Chronic hemodialysis (HD) patients manifest anemia and atherosclerosis with associated oxidative stress. We explored whether intravenous infusion of vitamin C (VC) and/or use of vitamin E (VE)-coated dialysis membrane could palliate HD-evoked oxidative stress. Eighty patients undergoing chronic HD were enrolled and randomly assigned into four groups: HD with intravenous VC (n=20), HD with VE-coated dialyzer (n=20), HD with both (n=20), and HD with neither (n=20). We evaluated oxidative stress in blood and plasma, erythrocyte methemoglobin/ferricyanide reductase (red blood cells (RBC)-MFR) activity, plasma methemoglobin, and pro-inflammatory cytokines in these patients. All patients showed marked increases (14-fold) in blood reactive oxygen species (ROS) after HD. The types of ROS were mostly hydrogen peroxide, and in lesser amounts, O2*- and HOCl. HD resulted in decreased plasma VC, total antioxidant status, and RBC-MFR activity and increased plasma and erythrocyte levels of phosphatidylcholine hydroperoxide (PCOOH) and methemoglobin. Intravenous VC significantly palliated HD-induced oxidative stress, plasma and RBC levels of PCOOH, and plasma methemoglobin levels and preserved RBC-MFR activity. The VE-coated dialyzer effectively prevented RBCs from oxidative stress, although it showed a partial effect on the reduction of total ROS activity in whole blood. In conclusion, intravenous VC plus a VE-coated dialyzer is effective in palliating HD-evoked oxidative stress, as indicated by hemolysis and lipid peroxidation, and by overexpression of proinflammation cytokines in HD patients. Using VE-coated dialyzer per se is, however, effective in reducing lipid peroxidation and oxidative damage to RBCs.
Tests for Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Alan M. Garber, Neil A. Solomon
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1999)

Letters21 December 1999Tests for Coronary Artery DiseaseAlan M. Garber, MD and Neil A. Solomon, MDAlan M. Garber, MDVeterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System; Stanford University; Stanford, CA 94305 (Garber)Kaiser Permanente; Oakland, CA 94612 (Solomon) and Neil A. Solomon, MDVeterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System; Stanford University; Stanford, CA 94305 (Garber)Kaiser Permanente; Oakland, CA 94612 (Solomon)Author, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-131-12-199912210-00018 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSE:Our study grew from an effort to compare commonly used noninvasive tests and a less commonly used, but highly accurate, alternative (positron emission tomography). We did not include electron-beam computed tomography (CT) in the comparison because it was not a widely accepted diagnostic test for coronary disease. The analysis considered stress echocardiography but not intravascular ultrasonography, which is usually performed as part of cardiac catheterization. To compare electron-beam CT with the other tests, the accuracy of electron-beam CT must be estimated from a pooled analysis of available studies, using inclusion and exclusion criteria such as those we used ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System; Stanford University; Stanford, CA 94305 (Garber)Kaiser Permanente; Oakland, CA 94612 (Solomon) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoCost-Effectiveness of Alternative Test Strategies for the Diagnosis of Coronary Artery Disease Alan M. Garber and Neil A. Solomon Tests for Coronary Artery Disease Lyle Broemeling and C.H. Mielke Jr. Metrics 21 December 1999Volume 131, Issue 12Page: 980KeywordsCatheterizationComputed axial tomographyEchocardiographyPositron emission tomographyStable coronary artery diseaseUltrasound imaging Issue Published: 21 December 1999 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1999 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Juxtaglomerular Cell Tumor: Multicentric Synchronous Disease Associated With Paraneoplastic Syndrome
Authors: David Cucchiari, Alexia Bertuzzi, Piergiuseppe Colombo, Rita De Sanctis, Elisabetta Faucher, Nicola Fusco, Alessio Pellegrinelli, Paola Arosio, Claudio Angelini
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2013)

Case ReportA 50-year-old white man presented to the emergency department for a hypertensive crisis that was causing headache and nausea.Blood pressure was 200/120 mmHg, the physical examination was unremarkable, whereas blood tests showed sodium levels of 116 mmol/L and potassium levels of 3.2 mmol/L.Past medical history included a myocardial infarction 10 years before, ischemic heart disease, diabetes, and arterial hypertension, which was poorly controlled by a calcium-channel blocker and an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor.In the previous months, the patient had begun to suffer from abdominal pain, dyspepsia, and vomiting that had resulted in weight loss of 16 kg in 7 months.Gastroscopy and colonoscopy were negative, whereas an abdominal ultrasound revealed the presence of a splenic cyst that measured 4.5 cm in maximum diameter.The patient was admitted to the nephrology department for diagnosis and determination of a therapeutic approach.Laboratory values confirmed hypotonic euvolemic hyponatremia; levels of thryroid-stimulating hormone, cortisol, and adrenocorticotropic hormone were in the normal ranges, whereas urinary sodium was strongly elevated (111 mmol/L).Water restriction and hypertonic administration failed to raise sodium levels, thus ruling out primary polydipsia.Coexistence of hypotonic hyponatremia, without signs of depletion or expansion of blood volume or of hormonal imbalances, was consistent with diagnosis of the syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (SIADH; Table 1).Pharmacologic causes of SIADH were ruled out, and we turned our attention toward locating a neoplasm responsible for the syndrome, considering the history of weight loss and abdominal pain.The patient underwent a thoraco-abdominal computed tomography (CT) scan that revealed the presence of a splenic mass D I A G N O S I S I N O N C O L O G