tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Pharmaceutical Ads in <i>Annals</i>
Authors: Donald S. Rubenstein
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1992)

Letters1 June 1992Pharmaceutical Ads in AnnalsDonald S. Rubenstein, MD, PhDDonald S. Rubenstein, MD, PhDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-116-11-958_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the Editors:I am a loyal reader ofAnnals; however, I found your last issue (1) repulsively thick with pharmaceutical advertisements. I counted over 191 pages of full-page advertisements compared with only 95 pages of usable text information. This number of ad pages is far in excess of that in previous issues. Are we to expect this 2:1 ratio of ads-to-literature in the use of a limited natural resource?...Reference1. Ann Intern Med. 1992;116:I0-I234. Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byBone augmentation followed by implant surgery in the edentulous mandible: A systematic reviewA Survey of Pharmacists' and Pharmacy Students' Attitudes Toward OTC AdvertisingPharmaceutical Advertisements in Medical JournalsRobert H. Fletcher, MD, Suzanne W. Fletcher, MD 1 June 1992Volume 116, Issue 11Page: 958-958 Issue Published: 1 June 1992 PDF downloadLoading ...
NOTES OX SCLERODERMA (DERMATOMYOSITIS)*
Authors: T. LEWIS
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1940)

Journal Article NOTES OX SCLERODERMA (DERMATOMYOSITIS) Get access T. LEWIS T. LEWIS Department of Clinical Research, University College Hospital, London Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology and Syphilis, Volume 52, Issue 8-9, 1 August 1940, Pages 233–242, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1940.tb10886.x Published: 01 August 1940
Benchmarking: the five year outcome of rheumatoid arthritis assessed using a pain score, the Health Assessment Questionnaire, and the Short Form-36 (SF-36) in a community and a clinic based sample
Authors: N J Wiles, D G I Scott, E M Barrett, P Merry, E Arie, K Gaffney, A J Silman, D P M Symmons
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2001)

Treatment, and therefore outcome, of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) will improve in the next few years. However, improvement in outcome can only be judged against the probability of certain outcomes with current conventional treatment.To document the five year outcome of RA in the late 1990s.Norfolk Arthritis Register (NOAR).Longitudinal observational cohort study.318 patients with recent onset inflammatory polyarthritis recruited by NOAR in 1990-91 completed five years of follow up. Four groups were assessed: the whole cohort, all those referred to hospital, those who satisfied criteria for RA at baseline, and those referred to hospital who satisfied criteria for RA at baseline. Outcome was assessed with a visual analogue scale for pain, the Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ), and the Short Form-36 (SF-36).Of the RA hospital attenders, 50% had a visual analogue scale pain score of 5 cm or less and an HAQ score of 1.125 or less. SF-36 scores were reduced in all domains. Results are presented as cumulative percentages.These results can be used for comparison and to set targets for improvement.
Severe Anemia With Hemolysis and Megaloblastic Erythropoiesis
Authors: Jack A. Pritchard
Journal: JAMA (1965)

MANY DRUGS can cause intense hemolysis when administered to individuals whose red blood cells (RBC) are deficient in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD).<sup>1</sup>One of these, nitrofurantoin (Furadantin) has also been suspected on at least two occasions of being etiologically associated with the development of megaloblastic anemia.<sup>2,3</sup>In the case described below, severe anemia with both intense hemolysis and megaloblastic erythropoiesis promptly followed the ingestion of nitrofurantoin by a previously nonanemic pregnant Negro woman. The anemia was rapidly corrected when the nitrofurantoin therapy was stopped and folic acid was administered. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 22-year-old Negro woman, pregnant for the fourth time, was first seen during this pregnancy in Prenatal Clinic on Aug 18, 1964, when about 27 weeks pregnant. During her third pregnancy two years before, numerous blood studies had been carried out as part of an extensive survey of the maternal hematologic changes associated with twinning. She
Biochemical Genetics of Neurologic Disease
Authors: Roger N. Rosenberg
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1981)

THERE have been major advances in the biochemical genetics of inherited neurologic disease during the past decade. The molecular basis for the pathogenesis of the sphingolipidoses,1 the mucopolysaccharidoses,2,3 the glycogenoses,4 and the hereditary aminoacidopathies5 represent the most notable achievements. Additional important new developments include the finding of biochemical defects in several inherited ataxias,6 7 8 9 linkage to the HLA complex in patients with multiple sclerosis and myasthenia gravis,10 11 12 and the identification of variation in clinical features and corresponding molecular defects due to allelic and nonallelic mutations.13,14 Reports on cell-surface-membrane and cytoskeletal defects in several major genetic disorders,15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 abnormalities in nerve-growth factor,33 34 35 and . . .
Unusual Case of Juvenile G.P.I
Authors: M. L. E. Espir, C. W. M. Whitty
Journal: BMJ (1955)

FAMILIAL HYDRONEPHROSIS nBMjsnureter was apparently normal; the pelvis and calices alone were dilated; the uretero-pelvic junction was well marked; and yet no cause of ureteric obstruction was found.Jewett (1940), after careful study, showed that normally there is no absolute uretero-pelvic junction, the pelvis blend- ing into the ureter in a funnel-shaped prolongation.He believed that when such a junction exists, as it did in the cases described here, stenosis should be considered, particu- larly if there is pyelectasis.The fact that he considered this stenosis often congenital, since there were no acquired factors to explain it, would make such a mechanism an exceedingly attractive explanation for the present series of familial cases.However, no evidence of stenosis was found.Faute de mieux, we must therefore fall back on such a con- ception as inadequacy of the ureter as an efficient urinary duct which has been posited as a causal factor in hydro- nephrosis; or we must postulate a functional defect in the neuromuscular mechanism of the renal pelvis, as the familial and inherited primary aetiological factor, though there is no positive evidence for either supposition.Consideration of the familial nature of these cases does, however, serve to show that, contrary to general opinion, a pelvic and caliceal hydronephrosis of this type can occur as a congenital condi- tion without evidence of ureteric obstruction. SummaryFour cases of non-calculous hydronephrosis occurring in two generations of a family are described.The literature is reviewed.The aetiology of the condition is discussed.I am indebted to Mr. RF J. Rutherford, who was responsible for the surgical care of Case 1; to Mr.
Hypocholesteremic Effect of Phenoxybenzamine (Dibenzyline), An Adrenergic Blocking Agent
Authors: S. N. Jagannathan, S. G. Srikantia, C. Gopalan
Journal: Circulation Research (1962)

The effect of an orally effective adrenergic blocking agent, Dibenzyline, on serum cholesterol levels was studied in human subjects and in monkeys on high-fat diets. In addition, the effect of the phenoxyethyl analogue of Dibenzyline, G-D 131, was also investigated in monkeys. The studies showed that the increase in serum cholesterol level brought about by a high-fat diet in monkeys could be considerably reduced by supplementation with Dibenzyline. This hypocholesteremic action was also observed with the analogue of Dibenzyline, G-D 131, which does not possess the adrenergic blocking property. It appears, therefore, that the hypocholesteremic action of Dibenzyline is independent of its adrenergic blocking activity. When a high-fat diet which also contained a high amount of cholesterol was used, Dibenzyline retarded the increase in serum cholesterol of monkeys for a considerable length of time. Administration of Dibenzyline, 10 mg. daily for 11 days, brought about a fall in serum cholesterol in two of the three human subjects and arrested the further increase in serum cholesterol in the third subject on a high-butterfat diet. All the subjects showed increased fecal elimination of cholic and dihydroxycholanic acids during the Dibenzyline-supplemented period, suggesting that the hypocholesteremic effect of the drug is at least partly mediated through increased elimination of cholesterol as bile acids.
A call for full ingredient labelling and uniform nomenclature on medicaments
Authors: A.E. Pink, J.M.L. White, I.R. White
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2009)

Conflicts of interest: none declared. Sir, Full ingredient labelling of cosmetic products is mandatory in the European Union (amendment to the Cosmetics Directive1) and has been effective in allowing patients with allergic contact dermatitis to avoid allergens of relevance to them. However, similar comprehensive listing of the ingredients of topical medicaments has not yet been made mandatory. A 65‐year‐old woman presented with scalp psoriasis. She had used Polytar® [Stiefel Laboratories (UK) Ltd, High Wycombe, U.K.] liquid for 3 years and initially her symptoms were well controlled. One year prior to presentation she developed erythematous, itchy, dry patches on her scalp, trunk, arms and legs. These patches initially improved with emollients but 9 months prior to review there was deterioration. Clinically the rash was more suggestive of a dermatitic process rather than psoriasis and this suspicion was confirmed histologically. Patch testing was performed with an extended European baseline series [Trolab (Allmiral Hermal, Reinbek, Germany) on Finn Chambers™ secured with Scanpor tape (Epitest Oy, Tuusula, Finland)] and our local cosmetic and fragrance series. Patch tests were not performed with Polytar® liquid as it is detergent based. Readings were performed on day 2 and day 4 and the reactions were scored according to International Contact Dermatitis Research Group criteria.2 Positive reactions (day 4 reading) were observed to fragrance mix I (++), fragrance mix II (+), Myroxylon pereirae (+), isoeugenol (1% pet.) (++), α‐hexyl cinnamal (1% pet.) (+) and butylhydroxy anisole (+).
Influenza Immunization in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: G. W. WILLIAMS
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1978)

Forty patients with systemic lupus erythematosus randomly received inactivated bivalent (A/NJ and A/Victoria) influenza vaccine or saline in a double-blind study. During 20 weeks of follow-up, no deterioration in major organ function or increase in disease flares was observed in the immunized group as compared with the group that received saline. Preimmunization antibody titers to A/Victoria were lower in the 40 patients with lupus erythematosus than in age-matched control subjects. Response to immunization, as measured by serum antibody titers, was also lower in the patients with lupus erythematosus, indicating that immune responses must be evaluated on an individual patient basis. Nevertheless, influenza vaccination can be safely carried out in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.
β-Aminoisobutyric Acid Induces Browning of White Fat and Hepatic β-Oxidation and Is Inversely Correlated with Cardiometabolic Risk Factors
Authors: Lee D. Roberts, Pontus Boström, John F. O’Sullivan, Robert T. Schinzel, Gregory D. Lewis, Andre Dejam, Youn-Kyoung Lee, Melinda J. Palma, Sondra Calhoun, Anastasia Georgiadi, Ming-Huei Chen, Vasan S. Ramachandran, Martin G. Larson, Claude Bouchard, Tuomo Rankinen, Amanda L. Souza, Clary B. Clish, Thomas J. Wang, Jennifer L. Estall, Alexander A. Soukas, Chad A. Cowan, Bruce M. Spiegelman, Robert E. Gerszten
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2014)
Prevention of Sympathetic and Cardiac Dysfunction After Myocardial Infarction in Transgenic Rats Deficient in Brain Angiotensinogen
Authors: Hao Wang, Bing S. Huang, Detlev Ganten, Frans H.H. Leenen
Journal: Circulation Research (2004)

To provide evidence for the role of angiotensin II locally produced in the brain in the development of sympathetic hyperactivity and heart failure after myocardial infarction (MI), transgenic rats (TGR) were used, which express an antisense RNA against angiotensinogen. In TGR and control Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats, an MI was induced by acute coronary artery ligation. At 8 weeks after MI, MI sizes were similar in TGR and SD rats. In the groups with MI ≥25% of left ventricle (LV), LV peak systolic pressure decreased in SD rats but not in TGR. LV end-diastolic pressure increased substantially more in SD-MI than TGR-MI rats (from 2±1 to 15±2 mm Hg, and 2±1 to 8±1 mm Hg, respectively; P &lt;0.05). LV dP/dt max decreased from ≈5400 to 3573±187 in SD-MI rats, but only to 4353±180 mm Hg/sec in TGR-MI ( P &lt;0.05). LV pressure volume curves in vitro showed a marked shift to the right in SD-MI rats. This shift was significantly attenuated by −70% in TGR versus SD rats with MI. Both RV weight and interstitial fibrosis in the LV increased clearly in the SD-MI rats, but not or significantly less in the TGR-MI rats. In SD-MI rats, arterial baroreflex control of heart rate and renal sympathetic nerve activity was markedly impaired but was not affected in the TGR-MI. Plasma angiotensin II levels tended to be higher in SD versus TGR rats, both in sham and MI-groups. This study provides the major new finding that in rats after MI, angiotensin II locally produced in the brain plays a dominant role in the development of LV dysfunction after MI, possibly through its effects on sympathetic function and on circulatory/cardiac renin-angiotensin system.
Pharmacology and force development of single freshly isolated bovine carotid artery smooth muscle cells.
Authors: D M Warshaw, J L Szarek, M S Hubbard, J N Evans
Journal: Circulation Research (1986)

Most studies of mammalian vascular smooth muscle cell mechanics and pharmacology have relied upon data from intact tissue preparations. The purpose of this study was to determine how single mammalian vascular smooth muscle cell pharmacological sensitivity to histamine and force development compared to the intact tissue from which it was derived. Thus, techniques were developed for isolating large numbers (5 X 10(5) cells/ml) of cells from bovine carotid arteries. Single cells were spindle-shaped with dimensions of 117 +/- 11 (SE) micron in length by 7 +/- 1 (SE) micron in diameter (n = 27). The effect of histamine concentration on cell length was studied in suspensions of freshly isolated cells. Histamine concentration-response curves revealed that single smooth muscle cells shortened to histamine concentrations in a graded fashion, and that shortening was mediated through histamine H1 receptors. The threshold for 10% of maximum response occurred at 8.0 X 10(-11) M histamine. This threshold was at least three orders of magnitude lower than the threshold for 10% of maximum tension in the intact tissue under isometric conditions. In addition to cellular pharmacology, mechanical studies were performed by tying a single cell to an ultrasensitive force transducer. Active stresses of 0.5 +/- 0.1 X 10(5) N/m2 (n = 4) were measured in response to electrical stimulation for cells in low extracellular calcium (0.5 mM). These data suggest that histamine sensitivity and smooth muscle cell mechanics may best be determined in single cell studies that minimize diffusional barriers to agonist and avoid intercellular interactions that are present in the intact tissue.
The beginning of the end
Authors: D. Haslam
Journal: BMJ (1999)

British general practice is part of the fabric of our society. It is effective, precious, and threatened. It is not only possible but likely that within a few years the central feature of general practice—personal continuing care—will exist only in nostalgic memories.

> The price of this efficiency will be the death of real general practice 

Absurd? Let me explain. To reach this unhappy conclusion you have only to look at some of the apparently separate strands of recent government thinking to be able to see the type of cloth that it is weaving.

Information for Health— the government document on an information strategy for the NHS in England—has an aim that every doctor should be able to access every patient's notes at any hour of the day or night. Technically, this must be a good thing. From the point of …
The mechanism of benzene-induced leukemia: a hypothesis and speculations on the causes of leukemia.
Authors: M T Smith
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1996)

An overall hypothesis for benzene-induced leukemia is proposed. Key components of the hypothesis include a) activation of benzene in the liver to phenolic metabolites; b) transport of these metabolites to the bone marrow and conversion to semiquinone radicals and quinones via peroxidase enzymes; c) generation of active oxygen species via redox cycling; d) damage to tubulin, histone proteins, topoisomerase II, other DNA associated proteins, and DNA itself; and e) consequent damage including DNA strand breakage, mitotic recombination, chromosome translocations, and aneuploidy. If these effects take place in stem or early progenitor cells a leukemic clone with selective advantage to grow may arise, as a result of protooncogene activation, gene fusion, and suppressor gene inactivation. Epigenetic effects of benzene metabolites on the bone marrow stroma, and perhaps the stem cell itself, may then foster development and survival of the leukemic clone. Evidence for this hypothesis is mounting with the recent demonstration that benzene induces gene-duplicating mutations in human bone marrow and chromosome-specific aneuploidy and translocations in peripheral blood cells. If this hypothesis is correct, it also potentially implicates phenolic and quinonoid compounds in the induction of "spontaneous" leukemia in man.
THE FUNCTION OF MACROPHAGES IN LOCAL RESISTANCE TO BACTERIAL INFECTIONS
Authors: Waro Nakahara
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1925)

Coincident with the marked macrophage reaction induced in the peritoneal cavity by oil injection, there is an increased resistance of this location to bacterial infections. Animals so prepared dispose of Bacillus coli in a much shorter time than normal animals, and survive multiples of the fatal doses of staphylococci and pneumococi. The amount of oil injected is in itself incapable of inhibiting bacterial growth, nor is cell-free exudate from an oil-injected animal potent in this regard. The macrophages in the exudate, on the other hand, actively phagocytize bacteria. These facts lead to the conclusion that the increased resistance is due primarily to the action of macrophages.
Gastroesophageal reflux and asthma: a review of pathogenesis, diagnosis, and therapy
Authors: D.S. Theodoropoulos, R.F. Lockey, H.W. Boyce, S.C. Bukantz
Journal: Allergy (1999)

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) occurs in up to one‐third of the adult US population. Most affected individuals are either unaware of their condition or do not seek medical help, relying on nonprescription acid suppressants and antacids for relief. GERD, a common disorder of infancy, old age, and pregnancy, is particularly prevalent in patients with asthma. A causal relationship between the two diseases has been postulated by many investigators. The physiologic changes of asthma exacerbations and the actions of some of the medications used to treat asthma both aggravate GERD. The adverse effect of GERD on asthma and the pathophysiology of this relationship are still under debate. Some studies showed no objective improvement by spirometry of asthmatics treated for GERD, but recognized improvement in asthma symptoms and decreased use of asthma medication. Other studies, supporting GERD induction of asthma, have been performed to test two hypotheses: that asthma is exacerbated by endotracheal aspiration of gastric contents or by a reflex response to stimulation of esophageal receptors. Clinical experience has shown that early diagnosis and treatment of GERD often leads to better control of asthma.
Inequalities in health continue to grow despite government's pledges
Authors: G. D. Smith
Journal: BMJ (2000)

EDITOR—Yamey summarises our report showing that mortality differentials increased dramatically in Britain during 1981–95 in line with equally dramatic increases in income inequality.1 The current government is committed to reducing health inequalities: “Our ambition is to do something that no government—Tory or Labour—has ever done. Not only to improve the health of the nation, but also to improve the health of the worst off at a faster rate.”2

We suggest that on current evidence the government is doing little to reduce inequalities in material standards of living, although previous governments of all political parties have on occasion …
Pulmonary hypertension-specific therapy in patients with chronic respiratory insufficiency
Authors: Matthias Held
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

beneficial in this setting.As stated at a recent international conference on PH, PH-specific drugs are not recommended in patients with PH associated with chronic respiratory diseases (group 3), and treatment should focus on managing the underlying disease [4].Oxygen supplementation may stabilise PH in patients with COPD [5], and NIPPV may improve haemodynamics in patients with alveolar hypoventilation [1].Although off-label treatment is sometimes considered in individuals with severe PH when functional limitation is considered to be related to pulmonary vascular disease, there is currently little if any evidence that PH therapy may be beneficial in this setting, with further anecdotal evidence that treatment may increase hypoxaemia through ventilation/perfusion mismatch.We therefore strongly agree with HELD et al. [1] that correction of hypoventilation should be the main objective of management in chronic respiratory insufficiency, even in the presence of severe PH.
Effect of gypsum on proliferation and differentiation of MC3T3-E1 mouse osteoblastic cells
Authors: Áron Lazáry, Bernadett Balla, János P. Kósa, Krisztián Bácsi, Zsolt Nagy, István Takács, Péter P. Varga, Gábor Speer, Péter Lakatos
Journal: Biomaterials (2006)
Lis1 regulates asymmetric division in hematopoietic stem cells and in leukemia
Authors: Bryan Zimdahl, Takahiro Ito, Allen Blevins, Jeevisha Bajaj, Takaaki Konuma, Joi Weeks, Claire S Koechlein, Hyog Young Kwon, Omead Arami, David Rizzieri, H Elizabeth Broome, Charles Chuah, Vivian G Oehler, Roman Sasik, Gary Hardiman, Tannishtha Reya
Journal: Nature Genetics (2014)
Cadmium mimics the in vivo effects of estrogen in the uterus and mammary gland
Authors: Michael D Johnson, Nicholas Kenney, Adriana Stoica, Leena Hilakivi-Clarke, Baljit Singh, Gloria Chepko, Robert Clarke, Peter F Sholler, Apolonio A Lirio, Colby Foss, Ronald Reiter, Bruce Trock, Soonmyoung Paik, Mary Beth Martin
Journal: Nature Medicine (2003)
Comprehensive “Proteomic Profile” of Amniotic Fluid May Aid Prenatal Diagnosis
Authors: Tracy Hampton
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Hoping to improve prenatal diagnostic testing by identifying better markers of fetal abnormalities, scientists have generated the most complete list so far of proteins present in human amniotic fluid (Cho CK et al. Mol Cell Proteomics. 2007;6[8]:1406-1415).