tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Frequency and Determinants of Screening for Diabetes in the U.S
Authors: Catherine C Cowie, Maureen I Harris, Mark S Eberhardt
Journal: Diabetes Care (1994)

OBJECTIVE To determine the prevalence of risk factors for non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) and the frequency of screening for NIDDM in U.S. adults. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A detailed questionnaire was administered to a representative sample of 19,680 adults ≥18 years of age who reported no medical history of diabetes in the 1989 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS). Information was obtained on risk factors for diabetes, complications related to diabetes, and whether the subjects had been screened for diabetes in the past year. Women reporting pregnancy in the past year were excluded from analysis. The prevalence of undiagnosed NIDDM according to the frequency of risk factors for NIDDM was determined based on oral glucose tolerance data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) II and Hispanic Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (HHANES). RESULTS Prevalence of undiagnosed NIDDM based on the NHANES II and HHANES increased with age, obesity, and family history of diabetes, reaching 11.7% in people with all three risk factors. Based on the NHIS, 77.5% of U.S. adults with no medical history of diabetes (131 million people) had at least one risk factor for NIDDM or complication related to NIDDM, and 22.9% (38 million people) had three or more risk factors or complications. Approximately 31% of adults reported being screened for diabetes in the past year. Screening rates increased with an increasing number of risk factors, but even among those with three risk factors, only 38.6% were screened for NIDDM. CONCLUSIONS More than 7 million U.S. adults have undiagnosed NIDDM. Nevertheless, screening for diabetes in high-risk groups occurs substantially less frequently than necessary to detect undiagnosed NIDDM and institute appropriate hypoglycemic treatment.
701-5 Endovascular Stents Reduce Restenosis by Eliminating Geometric Arterial Remodeling: A Serial Intravascular Ultrasound Study
Authors: Gary S. Mintz, Augusto D. Pichard, Kenneth M. Kent, Lowell F. Satler, Jeffrey J. Popma, S. Chiu Wong, Jack A. Painter, Debra DeForty, Martin B. Leon
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
Advantages and disadvantages of neonatal circumcision
Authors: E. J. Schoen
Journal: JAMA (1997)

To the Editor.  —The article by Dr Laumann and colleagues 1 supports the conclusions of the 1989 American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) Task Force on Circumcision (of which I was the chair) that newborn circumcision has potential benefits as well as risks. The authors present new information that indicated circumcised men had slight benefit in terms of sexual satisfaction and less likelihood of sexual dysfunction. This complements a 1988 survey of women that demonstrated female sexual preference for circumcised men. 2   Although the subjective survey method reported by Laumann et al is valid for the issue of sexual satisfaction, it is not applicable for studying sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). As the authors point out, self-reported STDs will be underreported because patients with STDs may be asymptomatic, and the diagnosis carries a social stigma. Relying on the memories of men ranging in age from 18 to 59 years on this sensitive
Abstract 5636: Preclinical data of a microRNA-based therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Andreas G. Bader, Christopher L. Daige, Kevin Kelnar, Leslie Priddy, Sarah Dysart, Jason Wiggins, Jane Zhao, Neil Leatherbury, Michael Omotola, Jay Stoudemire, Paul Lammers, David Brown
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract MicroRNA (miRNA) mimics have emerged as a novel class of therapeutics with promising anti-oncogenic activity. These mimics are modeled after naturally occurring tumor suppressor miRNAs that are ubiquitously expressed in normal cells but frequently show a loss-of-function in human malignancies. The premise for the strong inhibitory activity is based on the observation these endogenous miRNAs control multiple oncogenic pathways commonly deregulated in cancer. Therefore, “miRNA replacement therapy” acts in accordance with our current understanding of cancer as a pathway disease that can only be successfully treated when intervening with multiple cancer pathways. We have identified a series of key tumor suppressor miRNAs, including miR-34, and validated the therapeutic potential in cultured cancer cells and mouse models of cancer. The translation of this potential into future medicines, however, was hampered by the lack of a robust clinically relevant delivery system. To facilitate a rapid route to the clinic, we have screened a panel of external delivery systems that are in pre-clinical development or have already reached the clinic featuring another oligonucleotide. Here, we present the pharmacologic and pharmacodynamic parameters of miRNA mimics complexed in ionizable NOV340 liposomes (SMARTICLEs, Marina Biotech, Bothell, WA) in an orthotopic tumor model of hepatocellular carcinoma. Treatment of mice carrying existing tumors mimics led to significant tumor regression, prolonged survival and lacked notable drug-related side effects. Some of the mice appeared to be tumor-free. The data demonstrate the therapeutic utility of the NOV340/miRNA formulation and support the initiation of IND-enabling studies. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5636. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-5636
Abstract 3892: Chromosome instability mediated by impaired AuroraB kinase activity on kinetochores in CIN cancer cells
Authors: Huang Haomin, Timothy J. Yen
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Aneuploidy and chromosome instability (CIN) are hallmarks of solid tumors. Recent studies showed that chromosome missegregation caused by defective kinetochore microtubule attachments during division can give rise to the CIN phenotype. However, the underlying molecular defect that is responsible for the CIN phenotype is poorly understood. On the other hand, increasing evidence suggests that aneuploidy is detrimental to cell growth. Similarly, how CIN cancer cells tolerate a continual state of aneuploidy also remains to be clarified. These are critical questions, given that CIN provides tumor cells a rapid way to adapt to stressful conditions such as chemotherapy. In this study, we examined a panel of ovarian tumor cell lines and report that they exhibit the CIN phenotype. Timelapse movies showed chromosomes in these cell lines were able to align at the spindle equator but exhibited high rates (numbers) of lagging chromosomes, indicative of aberrant kinetochore: microtubule attachments. This observation was confirmed by the finding that a large fraction (numbers) of kinetochores in these cell lines exhibited a variety of attachment defects relative to Hela cells. As the role of Aurora B kinase at kinetochores is to monitor and repair defective microtubule attachments, we quantitated the levels of Aurora B at kinetochores of these ovarian tumor cell lines. We report that Aurora B levels are reduced relative to Hela cells that do not exhibit attachment defects. Consistent with this finding, FRET studies to monitor the real-time Aurora B kinase activity at the kinetochores of two of the three ovarian cell lines showed that kinase activity was weak. This defect was localized to kinetochores, as the overall activity of Aurora B kinase, as monitored by the western blotting of phospho-Histone H3, was similar to that in Hela cells. These findings provide a molecular explanation for kinetochore attachment defects in these ovarian tumor cell lines and, as a consequence, their chromosome instability. We also analyzed the response of these cell lines to treatment with various anti-mitotic agents. We found no obvious growth advantage of these ovarian CIN cell lines in response to drugs, relative to Hela cells. Sensitivity to mitotic death may reflect the variation of the genetic background of a given cell line. Also, the mitotic checkpoint appeared to be required for death in mitosis. Although apoptosis clearly played an important role in mitotic cell death in our studies, other death pathways could participate in this event, when apoptosis was blocked. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3892.
Visualizing Cost-effectiveness Analysis
Authors: David H. Mark
Journal: JAMA (2002)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Progress in Neurological Surgery
Authors: Oscar Sugar
Journal: JAMA (1971)

Although it would appear from the title that this volume has a limited appeal, it turns out to have interest for pediatricians, radiologists, and neurologists, as well as neurosurgeons. It deals with that facet of pediatric neurosurgery concerned with congenital defects. Hydrocephalus takes up an important part of the book, with Raimondi's elaboration of how to use angiograms in evaluating the size and cause of hydrocephalic ventricles, Paoletti and Villani's discussion of use of radioactive isotopes in diagnosing pediatric neurosurgical ailments, and therapy of congenital hydrocephalus by Pertuiset. Malformations of the structures in and around the foramen magnum are discussed by Driesen and Schmidt. A major subdivision is midline anomalies of the spine which include congenital dermal sinuses (described by Wright), meningoceles (Hemmer), syringohydromyelia (Ballantine, Ojemann, and Drew), spondylolisthesis (MacNab), diastematomyelia (Hendrick) and spinal arteriovenous malformations (radiology by DiChiro, Doppman, and Ommaya; diagnosis and treatment by Yaşargil). There is a
Association of the Recovery of Objective Abnormal Cerebral Perfusion With Neurocognitive Improvement After Carotid Revascularization
Authors: Ching-Chang Huang, Ying-Hsien Chen, Mao-Shin Lin, Cheng-Hsin Lin, Hung-Yuan Li, Ming-Jang Chiu, Chi-Chao Chao, Yen-Wen Wu, Ya-Fang Chen, Jen-Kuang Lee, Ming-Jiuh Wang, Ming-Fong Chen, Hsien-Li Kao
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Recent advances: Urology
Authors: P. Abrams, A. Wein
Journal: BMJ (2000)

Urology has seen dramatic changes over the past 20 years. It has moved from an open surgical specialty with few drug treatments to a specialty that has enthusiastically embraced endoscopic (minimally invasive) techniques and new drug treatments for common conditions such as erectile dysfunction and urinary incontinence. The advances that have occurred in the past few years have been mainly in treatment of diseases that are becoming more common as the population ages. These include the two most common urological malignancies, prostate and bladder cancer, as well as lower urinary tract symptoms in older men and urinary incontinence and urinary tract infections, particularly in older women.
Drug-Induced Immune-Mediated Thrombocytopenia — From Purpura to Thrombosis
Authors: Theodore E. Warkentin
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2007)

In 1949, Ackroyd reported the abrupt onset of severe thrombocytopenia and purpura in patients receiving the sedative allylisopropylacetylcarbamide (Sedormid).1 All the patients had taken Sedormid previously and had become sensitized to it. Today, this classic picture of drug-induced, immune-mediated thrombocytopenia is most often caused by quinine in outpatients and by vancomycin in hospitalized patients, as discussed by Von Drygalski et al. in this issue of the Journal (pages 904–910).In 1973, Rhodes, Dixon, and Silver described thrombocytopenia and thrombosis occurring a week after the initiation of heparin therapy and provided evidence of an immune pathogenesis for this complication of heparin . . .
1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 and its analogues inhibit acute myelogenous leukemia progenitor proliferation by suppressing interleukin-1beta production.
Authors: S Peleg, H Qiu, S Reddy, D Harris, Q Van, E H Estey, M Talpaz, Z Estrov
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1997)

We hypothesized that 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25D3) and its analogues may inhibit acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) proliferation by interrupting IL-1beta-mediated growth-stimulatory signals. The incubation of the IL-1beta- responsive AML cell line OCIM2 with 10 nM 1,25D3 reduced growth 80% in liquid culture, and a 100-1000-fold lower concentration of 20-epi analogues (MC1288 and MC1301) was sufficient to achieve similar growth inhibition. The growth inhibition was associated with a rapid but transient downregulation of IL-1beta and IL-1beta-converting enzyme (ICE) mRNAs in 1,25D3- and 20-epi analogue- treated cells, and the 20-epi analogue was more effective than 1,25D3 in repressing ICE expression. An examination of long-term changes in the levels of mature IL-1beta and its precursor revealed that 24-h incubation of OCIM2 with either 1,25D3 or its 20-epi analogues abolished the production of mature IL-1beta. The effect of 1,25D3 and its analogues on growth of fresh bone marrow cells from seven AML patients was tested by a clonogenic assay. Growth inhibition of 60% was reached in only one of seven 1,25D3-treated samples, but all seven samples were inhibited 60-90% by the 20-epi analogue MC1301. Growth inhibition by 1,25D3 and the analogue was reversible by addition of IL-1beta. These results suggest that 1,25D3 and its 20-epi analogues interrupt IL-1beta autocrine growth regulation by inhibiting IL-1beta production and processing but not the response to IL-1beta.
Protein Supplements after Osteoporotic Hip Fracture
Authors: Robert M. Craig
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1998)

Letters15 December 1998Protein Supplements after Osteoporotic Hip FractureRobert M. Craig, MDRobert M. Craig, MDNorthwestern University Medical School; Chicago, IL 60611Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-129-12-199812150-00022 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:I was disappointed that Schurch and associates' comparison was made between protein supplements and an isocaloric carbohydrate feeding [1]. The carbohydrate feeding may have depressed patients' appetites so that protein intake was less than the patients normally would have consumed. I think a more appropriate comparison would have been between a protein supplement and no supplement; this is really the critical clinical question.In the Results section, the authors implied that levels of albumin and prealbumin increased significantly and that the increase was due to the protein supplementation. This implication is not correct, of course, because the ...References1. Schurch MA, Rizzoli R, Slosman D, Vadas L, Vergnaud P, Bonjour JP. Protein supplements increase serum insulin-like growth factor-I levels and attenuate proximal femur bone loss in patients with recent hip fracture. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Ann Intern Med. 1998; 128:801-9. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Robert M. Craig, MDAffiliations: Northwestern University Medical School; Chicago, IL 60611 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 December 1998Volume 129, Issue 12Page: 1076KeywordsAlbuminsCarbohydratesHipHip fracturesInsulin-like growth factorsNutritionProteinsSerum albuminTrauma surgeryUrine ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 15 December 1998 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1998 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
The surgical management of hypotony
Authors: Stephen R O’Connell, Ajit B Majji, Mark S Humayun, Eugene de Juan
Journal: Ophthalmology (2000)

To study the effect of dissecting epiciliary proliferative tissue in eyes that are hypotonous.Retrospective noncomparative case series.Eight patients (nine eyes).Normalization of intraocular pressure and preservation of vision.A chart review was conducted to locate all surgical procedures performed primarily for hypotony. Nine procedures on eight eyes of eight patients seen in the vitreoretinal service of the Wilmer Ophthalmological Institute were identified and included in this study. Six of these eyes had undergone prior surgery for retinal detachment in association with proliferative vitreoretinopathy, one had undergone surgery for retinal detachment in the setting of a ruptured globe, and two had undergone cataract surgery and coined the diagnoses of uveitis (juvenile rheumatoid arthritis and sarcoid). Dissection and removal of the epiciliary proliferative tissue and lens capsule was undertaken by two surgeons (EdJ and MSH) using either a pars plana or limbal approach. The main outcome measures were intraocular pressure (IOP) and visual acuity after an average follow-up of 26 months (range, 9-48 months).In the immediate postoperative period, all patients showed an increase in IOP (average increase of 6.3 mm Hg; range, 3-14 mmHg). This average increase in IOP decreased to 5.2 mmHg at 6 months and 4.2 mm Hg at 12 or more months of follow-up. The rate of the IOP decrease appeared to lessen with time, suggesting long-term stabilization. Visual acuity remained stable in all patients, although the final level of vision was low.Surgical intervention for hypotony with greater than 1 year follow-up continues to show elevated IOP in some patients, despite the fact that the large initial increase in IOP is not sustained. No eye had phthisis develop or became painful. However, no eye had marked improvement in vision. Further study is needed to uncover the main contributing factors that result in hypotony before IOP can be maintained for prolonged periods in more hypotonous eyes and before these eyes can regain more vision.
Effect of the Retinoid X Receptor-Selective Ligand LGD1069 on Mammary Carcinoma After Tamoxifen Failure
Authors: Eric D. Bischoff, Richard A. Heyman, William W. Lamph
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1999)

We have previously shown that a retinoid X receptor (RXR)-selective ligand (a rexinoid), called LGD1069, is highly efficacious in both the chemoprevention and the chemotherapy for N-nitrosomethylurea-induced rat mammary carcinomas. To evaluate a possible role for rexinoids in breast cancer therapy further, we have designed and characterized a novel carcinogen-induced model to mimic the clinical situation in which the tumors of patients stop responding to tamoxifen therapy and develop resistance to this drug.Rats with experimentally induced mammary tumors were treated with tamoxifen to select a population with primary tumors that failed to respond completely to the drug. Once the failure of tamoxifen therapy had been established, LGD1069 was added to the treatment regimen, and the tumors in these animals were compared with tumors in a group of animals that remained on tamoxifen alone.LGD1069 in combination with tamoxifen for up to 20 weeks yielded an overall objective response rate of 94% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 86%-100%) (includes complete and partial responses) in primary tumors compared with a rate of 33% (95% CI = 11%-56%) in primary tumors treated with tamoxifen alone, a statistically significant difference (two-sided P<.0001). In addition, the LGD1069 and tamoxifen combination was associated with a statistically significant decrease in total tumor burden (two-sided P =.03). In a second study, tumors that failed to respond to tamoxifen therapy exhibited a 51% (95% CI = 34%-71%) objective response rate when treated with LGD1069 alone for 6 weeks after tamoxifen therapy was withdrawn.We have demonstrated that the RXR-selective ligand LGD1069 in combination with tamoxifen is a highly efficacious therapeutic agent for tumors that fail to respond completely to tamoxifen. This finding suggests that rexinoid therapy offers a novel approach to the treatment of breast tumors that may have developed resistance to antihormonal therapies such as tamoxifen.
Persistent Low-Level Engraftment of Rhesus Peripheral Blood Progenitor Cells Transduced with the Fanconi Anemia C Gene after Conditioning with Low-Dose Irradiation
Authors: Elizabeth M. Kang, Yutaka Hanazano, Pascale Frare, Elio F. Vanin, Moniek De Witte, Mark Metzger, Johnson M. Liu, John F. Tisdale
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2001)

The hematopoietic stem cell has long been considered an ideal target for the introduction of therapeutic genes to treat human disorders such as Fanconi anemia (FA). Although recent progress in large animal models is encouraging, application to nonmalignant conditions is limited by the perceived necessity of myeloablative conditioning. We and others have shown that very low irradiation doses are sufficient to allow significant hematopoietic engraftment in murine hosts even after the introduction of xenogeneic genes. To determine the degree of engraftment of genetically modified cells attainable with very low irradiation doses in larger animals, we employed the rhesus macaque competitive repopulation model. Four animals underwent mobilization with stem cell factor (SCF) and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) followed by apheresis. The apheresis product was enriched for the CD34-positive fraction by immunomagnetic selection and split equally for transduction with either G1FC26, a retroviral vector carrying the Fanconi anemia complementation group C gene, or PLII, a nonexpression control retroviral vector carrying both neomycin and β-galactosidase gene sequences modified to prevent translation. Transductions were performed daily in the presence of fresh IL-3, IL-6, SCF, and Flt-3 ligand on fibronectin-coated plates over 96 h. Animals were conditioned with a single dose of either 100 (n = 2) or 200 (n = 2) cGy and received the combined products of transduction on the following day. None of the animals experienced clinically significant neutropenia nor required the use of central line placement, transfusional support with blood products, or intravenous antibiotics. Using real-time PCR, circulating levels of genetically modified cells as high as 1% were initially detected. Stable, albeit, significantly lower levels from both vector-transduced aliquots (<0.1%) persisted beyond 12 months posttransplant in all four animals. Although not sufficient to correct the phenotype in many human disorders, stable low-level engraftment by genetically modified cells following low-intensity conditioning may prove adequate in disorders such as FA due to the selective advantage conferred upon corrected cells.