tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Developmental Characteristics of Infants Surviving Fetal Transfusion
Authors: Grace S. Gregg
Journal: JAMA (1969)

The developmental characteristics of infants surviving fetal transfusion were studied in 15 children between 9 and 38 months of age. Using a combination of methods, we determined that only one child was functioning below normal. At 27 months of age, this child was retarded in growth and his development was in the dull normal range. Although minor neurological abnormalities were observed among the children, no child was so grossly affected that one could predict serious maladaptation later. It appears that intra-uterine transfusion, judiciously administered before serious intra-uterine damage occurs, is not intrinsically harmful to the neonate.
Risk of Injury to Child Passengers in Compact Extended-Cab Pickup Trucks
Authors: Flaura K. Winston
Journal: JAMA (2002)

An increasing number of compact pickup trucks can accommodate restrained rear occupants. Rear seats in these pickup trucks are exempt from regulatory safety testing though their relative safety has not been determined.To evaluate the risk of injury to children in compact extended-cab pickup trucks compared with children in other vehicles and to determine if any unique hazards exist.Cross-sectional study of children aged 15 years or younger in crashes of insured vehicles, with data collected via insurance claim records and a telephone survey.Probability sample of 7192 multirow vehicles involved in crashes, with 11 335 child occupants, in 3 large US regions from December 1, 1998, to November 30, 2000.Relative risk of injury, defined as concussions and more serious brain injuries, spinal cord injuries, internal organ injuries, extremity fractures, and facial lacerations, estimated by odds ratios (ORs) adjusting for age, restraint use, point of impact, vehicle weight, and crash severity.Injuries were reported for 1356 children, representing 1.6% of the population. Children in compact extended-cab pickup trucks were at greater risk of injury than children in other vehicles (adjusted OR, 2.96; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.68-5.21). Children in the rear seats of compact pickup trucks were at substantially greater risk of injury than rear-seated children in other vehicles (adjusted OR, 4.75; 95% CI, 2.39-9.43). Children seated in the front seat of compact extended-cab pickup trucks were at greater risk of injury than children in the front seats of other vehicles, but this risk was not statistically significant (adjusted OR, 1.70; 95% CI, 0.78-3.69).Children in compact extended-cab pickup trucks are not as safe as children in other vehicles, primarily due to the increased relative risk of injury in the back seat. For families with another choice of vehicle, clinicians should advise parents against transporting children in compact pickup trucks. The current exemption for regulatory testing for occupant protection in the rear seats of compact pickup trucks should be reconsidered.
Seasonal variation of skin resistance to irritants
Authors: T. AGNER, J. SERUP
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1989)

In order to investigate a possible seasonal variation in the skin response to irritants, 17 healthy volunteers were patch tested with sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS) and nonanoic acid in the winter and summer. The response to these irritants was quantified by visual scoring, measurement of transepidermal water loss, measurement of electrical conductance indicating the hydration state of the superficial epidermis, measurement of blood flow by laser Doppler and measurement of oedema by ultrasound A-scan. Significantly stronger reactions to SLS were found during the winter than the summer as indicated by visual scoring and by measurements of transepidermal water loss, whereas no significant seasonal variation was found in the response to nonanoic acid. A decreased hydration state of the epidermis of unexposed skin was found during the winter, and we believe this to be responsible for the increased susceptibility to SLS during this season.
Cellular pathophysiology of ischemic acute kidney injury
Authors: Joseph V. Bonventre, Li Yang
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2011)

Ischemic kidney injury often occurs in the context of multiple organ failure and sepsis. Here, we review the major components of this dynamic process, which involves hemodynamic alterations, inflammation, and endothelial and epithelial cell injury, followed by repair that can be adaptive and restore epithelial integrity or maladaptive, leading to chronic kidney disease. Better understanding of the cellular pathophysiological processes underlying kidney injury and repair will hopefully result in the design of more targeted therapies to prevent the injury, hasten repair, and minimize chronic progressive kidney disease.
Abstract LB-77: A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled phase II trial of sorafenib and erlotinib or erlotinib alone in previously treated advanced non-small cell lung cancer: Correlative analyses
Authors: David R. Spigel, Howard A. Burris, F. Anthony Greco, Diana L. Shipley, Elke K. Friedman, David M. Waterhouse, Robert C. Whorf, R. Brian Mitchell, Davey B. Daniel, Jeffery Zangmeister, John D. Hainsworth
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Background: Sorafenib is an oral multikinase inhibitor of angiogenesis and cellular proliferation which has shown preliminary activity in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We conducted a multicenter phase II trial of erlotinib +/− sorafenib in 2nd/3rd line NSCLC. Methods: Patients with previously treated stage IIIB/IV NSCLC were eligible (1-2 prior regimens). Additional eligibility criteria included: ECOG performance status 0-2, all NSCLC histologies, measurable disease, adequate organ function, and the absence of major cardiovascular disease. Patients with treated brain metastases and/or on stable anticoagulation were eligible. Patients were stratified according to squamous/non-squamous histology, prior bevacizumab use, and line of therapy and were randomized 2:1 to receive erlotinib 150mg orally once daily and sorafenib 400mg orally twice daily, or erlotinib and placebo. Patients were also consented for biomarker testing for epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations, EGFR amplification, and K-ras mutations. The primary endpoint was to assess the efficacy of each arm in terms of objective response rate (ORR) and progression-free survival (PFS). The trial was designed to enroll 168 patients to demonstrate a 40% improvement on an historical 2.2 month PFS (&amp;gt; 80%, 1-sided 0.1). Results: 168 patients were enrolled from February 2008 to February 2009. Baseline characteristics were well-matched between cohorts (median age, 65 years; 3rd line therapy, 39%; prior bevacizumab, 36%; squamous histology, 30%). The ORRs for the sorafenib/erlotinib and erlotinib/placebo cohorts were 8.1% v. 10.9%, respectively (p=.55). However, the disease control rates (ORR + proportion of patients with stable disease) were 54.1% (sorafenib/erlotinib) v. 38.2% (erlotinib/placebo) (p=.06). The median PFS was 3.25 months (sorafenib/erlotinib) v. 1.87 months (erlotinib/placebo) (HR 0.86 [95% CI 0.60, 1.22], p=.20). 72 (44%) patients had material assessable for EGFR mutation analysis. Among the 67 patients who were found to have EGFR wild-type (WT) tumors, the median PFS was 3.25 months (sorafenib/erlotinib) v. 1.71 months (erlotinib/placebo) (HR 0.55 [95% CI 0.32, 0.96], p=.02). Conclusions: Additional preplanned subset analyses based on histology, EGFR amplification, K-ras mutation, prior bevacizumab treatment, and line of therapy will be presented, as well as updated overall response, PFS, survival, and toxicity data. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-77.
BUCKET-HANDLE FRACTURES OF THE SEMILUNAR CARTILAGES
Authors: MELVIN S. HENDERSON
Journal: JAMA (1928)

In American literature comparatively little can be found on the surgical treatment of injuries to the cartilages of the knee joint, a fact recently commented on by Fagge.1However, concrete evidence of awakening interest in the subject is given in recent papers by Billington,2MacGuire,3Wallace,4Phemister5and others. British literature, particularly that emanating from England, contains many excellent articles. It is my opinion that, in proportion to the population, there are fewer injuries of this kind in America. A greater proportion of the English people participate in active field sports, such as soccer and Rugby. It may well be that the overindulgence of our citizens in motoring consumes so much of their time that there is none left for the strenuous types of recreation. Neither is there the large number of injuries to the knee in the coal mines of this country that there
Leg ulcers in a family with both beta thalassaemia and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency
Authors: S. GANOR, T. COHEN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1976)

A family is presented in which the proposita, affected with thalassaemia major, developed a chronic leg ulcer at the age of 14 years. Her eldest brother, not affected with thalassaemia, had a transient leg ulcer at the age of i8 years and a second brother, affected with thalassaemia minor, developed leg ulcers when aged 15 years. All three siblings were glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficient.
Low-Dose Interferon-α in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Moshe Talpaz, Hagop Kantarjian
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1995)

Letters1 May 1995Low-Dose Interferon-α in Chronic Myeloid LeukemiaMoshe Talpaz and Hagop KantarjianMoshe TalpazSearch for more papers by this author and Hagop KantarjianSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-122-9-199505010-00013 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:We read with great interest the excellent report by Schofield and colleagues [1] on the efficacy of low-dose interferon-α in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia. In this study, 41 patients with Philadelphia chromosome (Ph)-positive chronic myeloid leukemia received interferon-α maintenance therapy, 2 × 106 U/m2 body surface area three times a week. The complete hematologic response rate was 70%, the major cytogenetic response rate was 22%, and the median survival from the time of diagnosis was 84 months; these figures compared favorably with the historical experience with hydroxyurea therapy.Although these results confirm our original data, we ...References1. Schofield JR, Robinson WA, Murphy JR, Rovira DK. Low doses of interferon-α are as effective as higher doses in inducing remissions and prolonging survival in chronic myeloid leukemia. Ann Intern Med. 1994; 121:736-44. Google Scholar2. Kantarjian HM, Keating MJ, Smith TL, Talpaz M, McCredie KB. Proposal for a simple synthesis prognostic staging system in chronic myelogenous leukemia. Am J Med. 1990; 88:1-8. Google Scholar3. Kantarjian HM, Smith TL, O'Brien S, Beran M, Pierce S, Talpaz M, et al. Prolonged survival in chronic myelogenous leukemia after cytogenetic response to interferon-α therapy. Ann Intern Med. 1995; 122:254-61. Google Scholar4. The Italian Cooperative Study Group on Chronic Myeloid Leukemia. Interferon α-2A as compared with conventional chemotherapy for the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia. N Engl J Med. 1994; 330:820-5. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Moshe Talpaz; Hagop Kantarjian PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byPhase 1 study of polyethylene glycol formulation of interferon α-2B (Schering 54031) in Philadelphia chromosome–positive chronic myelogenous leukemiaMcl-1, an early-induction molecule, modulates activin A-induced apoptosis and differentiation of CML cellsLate autologous transplantation in chronic myelogenous leukemia with peripheral blood progenitor cells mobilized by G-CSF and interferon-α 1 May 1995Volume 122, Issue 9Page: 728-729KeywordsBody surface areaChromosomesChronic myeloid leukemiaCytogeneticsRandomized trialsToxicity ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 1 May 1995 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1995 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
LTP – A mechanism in search of a function
Authors: Kathryn J. Jeffery
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2000)

Shors &amp; Matzel (1997) suggest replacing the question “Is LTP a mechanism of learning?” with “Is LTP a mechanism of arousal and attention?” However, the failure of experiments to verify the LTP-learning hypothesis may arise not because it is untrue, but because in its current guise, it is not properly testable. If so, then the LTP-attention hypothesis is untestable, as well.
Identification of Endothelial Cell Binding Sites on the Laminin γ1 Chain
Authors: M. Lourdes Ponce, Motoyoshi Nomizu, Mucio C. Delgado, Yuichiro Kuratomi, Matthew P. Hoffman, Sharon Powell, Yoshihiko Yamada, Hynda K. Kleinman, Katherine M. Malinda
Journal: Circulation Research (1999)

Abstract —The laminins belong to a family of trimeric basement membrane glycoproteins with multiple domains, structures, and functions. Endothelial cells bind laminin-1 and form capillary-like structures when plated on a laminin-1–rich basement membrane matrix, Matrigel. Laminin-1 is composed of 3 chains, α1, β1, and γ1. Because laminin-1 is known to contain multiple biologically active sites, we have screened 156 synthetic overlapping peptides spanning the entire laminin γ1 chain for potential angiogenic sequences. Only 7 of these peptides, designated as C16, C25, C30, C38, C64, C75, and C102, disrupted the formation of capillary-like structures by human umbilical vein endothelial cells on Matrigel. Dose-response experiments in the presence of 50 to 200 μg/mL showed that tube formation was prevented by most peptides at 150 and 200 μg/mL, except for C16, which showed strong activity at all concentrations. Active peptides promoted vessel sprouting from aorta rings and angiogenesis in the chick chorioallantoic membrane assay. In addition, the active peptides also promoted endothelial cell adhesion to dishes coated with 0.1 μg of peptide and inhibited attachment to laminin-1 but not to plastic or fibronectin. Four of the active peptides, C25, C38, C75, and C102, may have cell-type specificity with endothelial cells, since they did not promote PC12 neurite outgrowth or adhesion of B16-F10 melanoma and human submandibular gland cells. These results suggest that specific laminin γ1–chain peptides have angiogenic activity with potential therapeutic applications.
Abstract 2529: A monoclonal anti-Globo H antibody, VK9 can mediate CDC/ADCC and inhibit adhesion of Globo H+ cancer cells to extracellular matrix
Authors: Jung-Tung Hung, Jing-Yan Cheng, Chia-Cheng Wu, Alice L. Yu
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Globo H is a hexasaccharides expressed on many carcinomas including breast, pancreas, prostate, and stomach, with limited expression on normal tissue. Monoclonal antibodies against glycan, such as CH14.18 GD2-specific antibody, have been proven to be a promising strategy for cancer therapy. Here we evaluated the biological activity and potential application of VK9, a murine IgG3 anti-Globo H antibody. FACS analysis showed that VK9 bound to MCF7 cells in a dose dependent manner at 0.01 - 30 μg/mL. It does not bind to GH (-) cell lines, including AU565 and MDA-MB-231. The specificity of VK9 as determined by glycan array of 87 printed carbohydrates revealed binding of VK9 to three glycans (Globo H, BB4, and BB3) only, without reactivity to Gb5 or sialyl-Gb5. Investigation of the biological activity of VK9 showed no obvious effects on the proliferation of MCF7 cells. However, VK9 inhibited adhesion of MCF7 cell on fibronectin (83.5 ± 1.3%, p = 0.001) or laminin (70.5 ± 2.8%, p = 0.001), but not BSA (85.6 ± 0.2%, p = 0.08) or collagen IV (105.1 ± 2%, p = 0.37), when compared to IgG3 isotype control. Moreover, VK9 was able to mediate CDC against MCF7 cells. It could also induce ADCC of human IL-2 activated peripheral blood mononuclear cells at an E/T of 6.25-100. Furthermore, we cloned the Fab region of VK9 to generate a mouse-human chimeric anti-Globo H antibody, cVK9. The binding affinity of cVK9 was similar to VK9 at concentration range of 6.25 - 50 ug/mL by ELISA analysis. In conclusion, VK9 could not only mediate ADCC and CDC but also inhibit adhesion of MCF7 cell on fibronectin and laminin. Thus, VK9 have the potential as therapeutic antibody for Globo H expressing carcinoma. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2529. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-2529
Congenital Lesions of the Hip
Authors: Lloyd E. Harris
Journal: JAMA (1961)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> We are puzzled by the statement made by Dr. F. K. Alexander in his recent letter to the editor (<i>JAMA</i><b>173</b>:1617, Aug. 6, 1960) in reference to our paper on congenital disease of the hip (<i>JAMA</i><b>173</b>:229-233, May 21, 1960). He said that he could "see little need to subject 11,010 infants to repeated examinations and increase the unnecessary gonadal dose from the medical use of x-rays." We wonder how he got the impression that we had subjected this number of children to roentgenographic examination. We believe that our paper clearly states that the "examinations" were physical examinations including use of the abduction test, and that only those infants who gave a positive result with this test were subjected to roentgenographic examination for diagnosis; this point is first made in the second sentence of the paper. Less than 70 of the 11,010 infants had limitation
HIV Surveillance, Public Health, and Clinical Medicine — Will the Walls Come Tumbling Down?
Authors: Amy L. Fairchild, Ronald Bayer
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2011)

The U.S. HIV surveillance system was built with robust firewalls ensuring that data can go in but not come out. Now, gaps in continuity of HIV care and the improved ability to reduce transmission argue for opening up HIV registries for public health use.
Double-umbrella closure of atrial defects. Initial clinical applications.
Authors: J J Rome, J F Keane, S B Perry, P J Spevak, J E Lock
Journal: Circulation (1990)

Forty patients were catheterized for closure of atrial septal defects with the Rashkind patent ductus arteriosus umbrella device, a modified Rashkind umbrella device, and the newly designed Lock Clamshell Occluder. Patients weighed 8 kg or more (a requirement for transvenous access with the 11F delivery sheath) and had defects suitable for closure based on two-dimensional echocardiography. The new device was at least 1.6 times the diameter of the atrial septal defect as determined by balloon sizing at catheterization. Patients were followed up by telephone, clinical examination, and echocardiography at 6 months. We attempted closure in 34 patients, with atrial septal defects ranging in diameter from 3 to 22 mm; device sizes ranged from 17 to 33 mm. Initial device position immediately after release was correct in all patients. A cerebral embolus occurred in one elderly patient before device placement--the patient died 1 week later. Two instances of early device embolization occurred, and devices were retrieved by catheter without complication. Follow-up of 31 patients discharged with devices in place, for a total of 31 patient-years, has yielded no umbrella-related complications. Adequate imaging studies in 19 patients 6.5 months after device placement revealed no atrial shunt in 12; residual flow through separate, previously unrecognized atrial septal defects occurred in two; and small residual leaks (less than 3 mm) around devices were present in five patients. This initial success indicates that double-umbrella closure of atrial septal defects will aid in the treatment of intracardiac defects.
213 BETABLOCKERS AND A PROPER USE OF PROTON PUMP INHIBITORS MAY REDUCE THE RISK OF BACTERIAL INFECTIONS IN CIRRHOTIC PATIENTS
Authors: B. Imperatrice, C. Lucidi, V. Giannelli, V. Di Gregorio, M. Giusto, G. Iacovone, B. Lattanzi, O. Riggio, M. Merli
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
Response to Letter Regarding Article, “Bicuspid Aortic Cusp Fusion Morphology Alters Aortic Three-Dimensional Outflow Patterns, Wall Shear Stress, and Expression of Aortopathy”
Authors: Riti Mahadevia, Alex J. Barker, Susanne Schnell, Pegah Entezari, Preeti Kansal, Paul W.M. Fedak, S. Chris Malaisrie, Patrick McCarthy, Jeremy Collins, James Carr, Michael Markl
Journal: Circulation (2014)
The Persistence of Mind-Brain Dualism in Psychiatric Reasoning About Clinical Scenarios
Authors: Marc J. Miresco, Laurence J. Kirmayer
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2006)

Objective: Despite attempts in psychiatry to adopt an integrative biopsychosocial model, social scientists have observed that psychiatrists continue to operate according to a mind-brain dichotomy in ways that are often covert and unacknowledged and suggest that the same intuitive cognitive schemas that people use to make judgments of responsibility lead to dualistic reasoning among clinicians. The goal of this study was to confirm these observations. Method: Self-report questionnaires were sent to the 270 psychiatrists and psychologists in the Department of Psychiatry at McGill University. In response to clinical vignettes, the participants rated the level of intentionality, controllability, responsibility, and blame attributable to the patients, as well as the importance of neurobiological, psychological, and social factors in explaining the patients' symptoms. Results: A total of 136 faculty members (50.4%) responded, and 127 were included in the analysis. Factor analysis revealed a single dimension of responsibility regarding the patients' illnesses that correlated positively with ratings of psychological etiology and negatively with ratings of neurobiological etiology. Psychological and neurobiological ratings were inversely correlated. Multivariate analyses of variance supported these results. Conclusions: Mental health professionals continue to employ a mind-brain dichotomy when reasoning about clinical cases. The more a behavioral problem is seen as originating in "psychological" processes, the more a patient tends to be viewed as responsible and blameworthy for his or her symptoms; conversely, the more behaviors are attributed to neurobiological causes, the less likely patients are to be viewed as responsible and blameworthy.
Will modernised medical careers produce a better surgeon?: Fig 2
Authors: Luke Devey
Journal: BMJ (2005)

I was asked to use this question as the topic of a talk for a recent interview for a specialist registrar post in general surgery. Getting to grips with the topic provided some scary insights into the future of training and led me to think about how training would need to be structured to provide surgical services into the future.

There is now a consensus that the Department of Health's modernising medical careers initiative (MMC) will shorten surgical training. Under the old system, our predecessors worked long hours for an average of 13 years between qualifying as preregistration house officers and starting work as consultants. This amounted to a training time of more than 30 000 hours. Alarmingly, the combined effect of the European Working Time Directive and MMC will reduce the number of hours of surgical training to at most 15 000, or 50% of what it used to be. Add to this the greater …