tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract S4-7: Compliance with Mammographic Screening Guidelines from an Administrative Claims Database
Authors: M Subar, SA Lust, W Lin
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract BACKGROUND: Guidelines for breast cancer screening using mammography vary in terms of monitoring frequency and age at which screening should be performed. In November 2009, the US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) modified their recommendations for women at average risk for breast cancer, now supporting first mammographic screening at age 50, with repeat mammograms every two years. The American Cancer Society and the Mayo Clinic continue to support yearly mammograms beginning at age 40. In two separate surveys performed after the USPSTF recommendations became public, 71% and 84% of women indicated an intention to undergo or continue mammographic testing during their 40's (Annals of Internal Medicine 2010; 152:531-532; USA Today 11/24/2009), but few studies have looked at actual screening frequency among women of different age groups. This study was performed to determine current pattern of testing as derived from an administrative medical claims database. METHOD: De-identified medical claims were reviewed from a 12-million member medical claims database at Medco Health Solutions, Inc. Claims for mammography for women 40 years of age and older eligible from January 2006 through December 2009 were reviewed. All women through age 64 had employer or health-plan based insurance coverage. Those 65 and older were covered through either an employer based retiree plan, or Medicare. Testing within each calendar year is reported. Annual testing was determined for women continuously eligible over the 4-year period. RESULTS: Among women 40-85 years old in any given year, 41-50% had a medical claim for a mammogram. Over the 4-year study (2006-2009), mean annual mammography rates were 41% (40-49 years old), 50.0% (50-64 years old), and 44% (65-85 years old). The percentage of women who were continuously eligible over the 4-year study period with any mammogram and with 1, 2, 3, or 4 or more mammograms over the 4-year study period are shown in the table below. CONCLUSIONS: Although surveys indicate that over 70% of women support mammographic screening between ages 40-49, these data suggest that even among an insured population, many women do not have claims evidence of even one mammogram in 4 years and almost half of women do not receive biannual or more frequent mammography. These data also indicate that additional efforts are needed to reach the HealthyPeople 2010 goal of at least 70% of women aged 40 years or older having a mammogram in the past two years. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2010;70(24 Suppl):Abstract nr S4-7.
British Lessons on Health Care Reform
Authors: David J. Kerr, Mairi Scott
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2009)

Amid widespread recognition that the U.S. health care system cannot continue its current upward cost spiral, forever widening the life-expectancy gap between rich and poor, Britain's National Health Service (NHS) has made a cameo appearance as bogeyman in politically funded, shroud-waving TV ads. These spots warn citizens that if certain of President Barack Obama's health care reforms are pushed through, the country will end up with a Third World, socialized health care system — much like the NHS, heaven forfend.1 The per capita cost of health care in the United States is about twice that in other major industrialized countries. . . .
Effect of neonatal modulation of cholesterol homeostasis on subsequent response to cholesterol challenge in adult guinea pig.
Authors: J R Li, L K Bale, B A Kottke
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1980)

Experiments were designed to study whether or not the mechanism of handling dietary cholesterol in adulthood can be modulated by the manipulation of cholesterol homeostasis during neonatal period. The effects of enhancing cholesterol degradation (cholestyramine feeding), high dietary cholesterol intake, and early weaning during neonatal period of guinea pigs on their subsequent plasma cholesterol levels and the response to dietary cholesterol challenged in adulthood were investigated. Pretreatment of neonatal guinea pigs with cholestyramine resulted in (a) a lower plasma cholesterol level, (b) an increased excretion rate of fecal bile acids and total steroids, (c) an expanded bile acid pool, (d) an increased activity of cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase, and (e) no change in the hepatic 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (CoA) reductase activity when challenged with cholesterol in adulthood. Cholesterol pretreatment during neonatal period resulted in (a) no alteration in the plasma cholesterol level, (b) no alteration in the fecal excretion of steroids, or (c) no alteration in the cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase activity when they were challenged with a high cholesterol diet. Early weaning did not influence the fecal excretion of steroids or cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase activity but resulted in a slight decrease in the hepatic 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase activity when they were challenged with a high cholesterol diet. These results suggest that stimulation of cholesterol catabolism rather than cholesterol feeding or early weaning during neonatal period can influence the response to dietary cholesterol challenge in adulthood.
Radiosensitizers: Enhanced Tumor Accumulation of Sub‐2 nm Gold Nanoclusters for Cancer Radiation Therapy (Adv. Healthcare Mater. 1/2014)
Authors: Xiao‐Dong Zhang, Jie Chen, Zhentao Luo, Di Wu, Xiu Shen, Sha‐Sha Song, Yuan‐Ming Sun, Pei‐Xun Liu, Jing Zhao, Shuaidong Huo, Saijun Fan, Feiyue Fan, Xing‐Jie Liang, Jianping Xie
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2014)

Ultrasmall (<2 nm) gold nanoclusters are used by Xing-Jie Liang, Jianping Xie, and colleagues as a new type of metabolizable and efficient radiosensitizers for cancer radiotherapy, on page 133. In particular, the gold nanoclusters consisting of 25 gold atoms and 18 thiolate ligands show attractive features for cancer radiotherapy including preferential tumor deposition, strong radiotherapy enhancement, and efficient renal clearance.
Neonatal and Pediatric Cardiovascular Crisis-Reply
Authors: Warren G. Guntheroth
Journal: JAMA (1976)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> I appreciate the kind comments by Dr Steier concerning our publication "Neonatal and Pediatric Cardiovascular Crisis." However, I cannot agree with his statement that Steinfeld et al have proved the "nonexistence of the so-called wide cuff effect." I personally have responded to a "stat page" for a child who was thought to be in shock and found that the only problem was a change in nursing personnel; the new nurse used a cuff that was too large. Also, from a theoretical point of view, physical damping will reduce energy transmitted through the system, and an excessively long cuff reduces the amplitude of transmitted waves and will, accordingly, reduce the apparent systolic blood pressure. As Steinfeld and his colleagues admit, they used a Doppler ultrasonic transducer for a pickup and suggested that poor signal pickup with a stethoscope could account for the low values previously reported with the application
GW25-e0874 Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Bivalirudin (Angiomax ® ) in Chinese Patients Undergoing PCI
Authors: S. Eralp Bellibas, Runlin Gao, Dario Lehoux, Sameer Mehta, Bishoy Rizkalla, Manish Narang, Jayne Prats, John Villiger, Junbo Ge
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Atlas of Perinatology
Authors: Joan E. Hodgman
Journal: JAMA (1983)

The<i>Atlas of Perinatology</i>by Aladjem and Vidyasagar is a large, handsome volume. A variety of authors have contributed to the 22 chapters on perinatal subjects ranging from pathology to neonatal ophthalmology. As usual with multiple authors, there is some variation in both style and quality among the chapters. As an atlas, the emphasis is on pictorial presentation; the quality of the pictures, most of them in color, is generally excellent. The pictures of pathology, both gross and microscopic, are well done, as are the pictures of infants. I particularly enjoyed the examples of fetal monitoring records from actual cases. Some of the subjects lend themselves to the format better than others. Pictures of personnel holding equipment were not particularly enlightening, and I doubt whether the educational value of a picture of parents holding their discharged infant is worth the price of reproduction. I have a problem in knowing the
ARTIFICIAL PNEUMOTHORAX IN THE TREATMENT OF LOBAR PNEUMONIA
Authors: ALBERT BEHREND
Journal: JAMA (1934)

In 1921 Friedemann, 1 a German clinician, reported favorably on the treatment of lobar pneumonia by artificial pneumothorax, in a series of seven cases. In the same year David 2 reported six cases similarly treated with good result. Two years later Schottky 3 reported a single case successfully treated. Interest in the procedure waned then, or the preliminary articles received scant attention, for not until 1928 does further literature appear on the subject.  A group of pediatricians then borrowed the idea but used it only in cases of pneumonia characterized by abnormally continued fever showing intrapleural collections or bronchiectasis. They advised against its use in acute pneumonias, mainly because they felt that most children recover from the disease with conservative treatment. Ibrahim and Duken, 4 Duken, 5 Jahr and Neumann, 6 and Klotz 7 reported seventeen cases of childhood pneumonia with protracted fever in which artificial pneumothorax was used, generally
Impact of long‐term rehabilitation coupled to betablockers on LVEF, maximum oxygen consumption and cardiac neuronal function in cardiomyopathy
Authors: A. Belin, D. Agostini, R. Sabatier, J.P. Mabire, P. Grieu, A. Kleszcz, M. Hamon, G. Grollier, J.C. Potier, G. Bouvard
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2000)
ROS-induced ATF3 causes susceptibility to secondary infections during sepsis-associated immunosuppression
Authors: Wolfram Hoetzenecker, Bernd Echtenacher, Emmanuella Guenova, Konrad Hoetzenecker, Florian Woelbing, Jürgen Brück, Anna Teske, Nadejda Valtcheva, Kerstin Fuchs, Manfred Kneilling, Ji-Hyeon Park, Kyu-Han Kim, Kyu-Won Kim, Petra Hoffmann, Claus Krenn, Tsonwin Hai, Kamran Ghoreschi, Tilo Biedermann, Martin Röcken
Journal: Nature Medicine (2011)
Better Behavioral Health Care Coverage for Everyone
Authors: Sherry Glied, Alison Cuellar
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2006)

People with private health insurance who seek care for mental health conditions generally face higher coinsurance and more limits to coverage — including limits on the numbers of outpatient visits and inpatient days — than do those who require care for other health conditions. These restrictions reduce the use of mental health services and force persons who have severe mental health problems to bear crushing financial costs for necessary treatment.1 Existing insurance limitations reflect previous experience. Efforts to extend parity coverage — equality of benefits — to federal employees in the 1960s failed as the use of services soared and . . .
T lymphocytes from autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura show a defective activation and proliferation after cytoplasmic membrane and intracytoplasmic mitogenic signals
Authors: J. Garcia‐Suarez, A. Prieto, L. Manzano, E. Reyes, L. Molto, M. Alvarez‐Mon
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1993)

Abstract T lymphocyte activation and proliferation are complex cellular processes involving membrane and cytoplasmatic molecules as well as the secretion and response to cytokines, mainly interleukin 2. There is increasing evidence that autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura (ATP) is associated with an alteration of the regulation of the immune system. The blastogenic response of purified T lymphocytes to mitogens that interact with membrane molecules (phytohemaglutinin, anti‐CD3 monoclonal antibody) and with intracytoplasmic protein kinase C (phorbol myristate acetate) has been investigated in 22 ATP patients and 18 healthy controls. After the signal given by the three different mitogens [ 3 H]‐thymidine uptake in T lymphocytes from ATP patients was found to be significantly decreased with respect to that found in healthy controls under similar experimental conditions ( P &lt; 0.05). Analysis of the cell cycle progression in these T lymphocytes from ATP patients, showed a significantly diminished percentage of cells in S‐phase after PHA stimulation ( P &lt; 0.05). The percentage of CD3+ cells in the CD2+ lymphocyte preparations was significantly decreased in ATP patients relative to healthy controls ( P &lt; 0.05). But there was no significant correlation between this percentage and the blastogenic response to PHA in the CD2+ cellular preparations from both groups of subjects. No significant differences were found in the percentages of CD4+ and CD8+ cells. These data indicate that the impaired blastogenic response of T lymphocytes from ATP patients may be ascribed to an intrinsic defect in these T cells. This defective proliferative response of T lymphocytes from ATP patients cannot be ascribed to either defective interleukin 2 production or receptor expression which were both similar to those of healthy controls ( P &gt; 0.05). And, the presence of saturating amounts of exogenous interleukin 2 did not normalize the defective proliferative response the mitogenic signals on the part of T lymphocytes from ATP patients. We conclude that T lymphocytes from ATP patients have a defective proliferative response to membrane and intracytoplasmatic mitogenic signals. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Efficacy of IP-10 as a biomarker for monitoring tuberculosis treatment
Authors: Ji Young Hong, Hye Jon Lee, Song Yee Kim, Kyung Soo Chung, Eun Young Kim, Ji Ye Jung, Moo Suk Park, Young Sam Kim, Se Kyu Kim, Joon Chang, Sang-Nae Cho, Young Ae Kang
Journal: Journal of Infection (2013)
Integrin Subunit CD18 Is the T-Lymphocyte Receptor for the Helicobacter pylori Vacuolating Cytotoxin
Authors: Xaver Sewald, Bettina Gebert-Vogl, Sandra Prassl, Iris Barwig, Evelyn Weiss, Monica Fabbri, Radim Osicka, Matthias Schiemann, Dirk H. Busch, Monika Semmrich, Bernhard Holzmann, Peter Sebo, Rainer Haas
Journal: Cell Host & Microbe (2008)
Tissue Diagnosis With Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Subha V. Raman, Ashfaq Ahmed, Orlando P. Simonetti, Juan Crestanello
Journal: Circulation (2007)

A 42-year-old male presented for evaluation of palpita- tions and chest pain.Physical examination suggested mild mitral regurgitation.Initial echocardiography showed a large mass attached to the interatrial septum.He then underwent cardiac magnetic resonance imaging for tissue characterization of the mass.Spin-echo imaging without (Figure, A) and with (Figure, B) inversion-recovery fat suppression showed a large intracardiac mass (arrow) that practically disappeared with fat suppression.The change in fat signal could also be appreciated by comparing the appearance of chest wall fat (arrowhead) by the 2 techniques.The diagnosis of lipoma was confirmed by histopathologic examination of the surgically excised mass (Figure, C and D).Because hydrogen protons in fat have a shorter T1 relaxation time than that of protons in most other tissues, inversion-recovery magnetic resonance imaging is uniquely able to suppress fat signal and establish a tissue diagnosis noninvasively in cases of lipoma.
Implantation Recurrence of Carcinoma of Rectum and Colon
Authors: L. P. Le Quesne, A. D. Thomson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1958)

IT is well recognized that cancer cells implanted onto a raw tissue surface are capable not only of surviving there but also of growing and forming a metastatic nodule. Accordingly, when a malignant tumor is being excised, care is taken, whenever possible, not to transgress the limits of the growth or to cut across invaded tissue, for if either occurs the surgeon's gloves and instruments are likely to become contaminated with malignant cells and spread them throughout the wound. Recurrences by this method are well documented after operations for carcinoma of the breast, bladder and ovary.1 In addition it is . . .
Racial Frequencies in Congenital Heart Disease
Authors: BARRY J. MARON, JUDITH M. APPLEFELD, L. JEROME KROVETZ
Journal: Circulation (1973)

A retrospective population study of racial frequencies in three congenital heart malformations, transposition of the great vessels, coarctation of the aorta, and aortic atresia with left heart hypoplasia, indicated no significant difference in incidence among Negroes and Caucasians in the Baltimore metropolitan area.
Modulation of HCV replication after combination antiretroviral therapy in HCV/HIV co-infected patients
Authors: Kenneth E. Sherman, Jeremie Guedj, Mohamed Tarek Shata, Jason T. Blackard, Susan D. Rouster, Mario Castro, Judith Feinberg, Richard K. Sterling, Zachary Goodman, Bruce J. Aronow, Alan S. Perelson
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2014)

Treatment of HIV patients co-infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) with HIV antiretroviral drug therapy reduces HCV replication.
Smoking, Alcohol, and Neuromuscular Function in Older Women
Authors: John Slade
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —Among the women over 65 years of age studied by Dr Nelson and her colleagues,<sup>1</sup>those who smoked were weaker, had poorer balance, and had impaired neuromuscular performance compared with those who had never smoked. A dose-response effect was observed. The authors speculate that these observations might be explained by toxic effects of tobacco smoke on the cerebrovascular and peripheral vascular systems as well as on the global state of poorer health expected among those who smoke. Another possibility is that the observed differences might be caused by pharmacologic effects of nicotine directly affecting neuromuscular activity. Bahrke et al<sup>2</sup>described decrements in physical performance related to smoking similar to those reported by Nelson et al, but in a young male population. Smoking is a risk factor for low back pain. In a prospective study of 3000 industrial workers aged 21 to 67 years,<sup>3</sup>those
Dyslexia as cause of psychiatric disorder.
Authors: B Hornsby
Journal: BMJ (1973)

JouRNAL 24 EBRuAY 1973 48 bacilli are not quite as rare as people might imagine.With a relatively low level of immunization among those most at risk, the appear- ance of a highly virulent strain could again give rise to an outbreak, the first few cases of which might well be diagnosed at necropsy.Until we know the precise reasons for the decline of diphtheria in the United Kingdom we should be cautious of writing its obituary.-Weare, etc.,
Hospitals must not be closed without considering all factors
Authors: J. Parry
Journal: BMJ (2002)

EDITOR—The article by Lock, the former member of parliament for Kidderminster, who is upset about losing his parliamentary seat having failed to convince his constituents that they did not need their local hospital, is interesting.1 It shows the chasm that has opened up between politicians and the general public and the tight compartments into which the government confines decision making, despite the promise of joined up government. The only consideration mentioned by Lock is medical safety in Kidderminster Hospital, and the only people …
Coronary Calcium Score Predicts Cardiovascular Mortality in Diabetes
Authors: Subhashish Agarwal, Amanda J. Cox, David M. Herrington, Neal W. Jorgensen, Jianzhao Xu, Barry I. Freedman, J. Jeffrey Carr, Donald W. Bowden
Journal: Diabetes Care (2012)

OBJECTIVE In type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), it remains unclear whether coronary artery calcium (CAC) provides additional information about cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality beyond the Framingham Risk Score (FRS) factors. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A total of 1,123 T2DM participants, ages 34–86 years, in the Diabetes Heart Study followed up for an average of 7.4 years were separated using baseline computed tomography scans of CAC (0–9, 10–99, 100–299, 300–999, and ≥1,000). Logistic regression was performed to examine the association between CAC and CVD mortality adjusting for FRS. Areas under the curve (AUC) with and without CAC were compared. Net reclassification improvement (NRI) compared FRS (model 1) versus FRS+CAC (model 2) using 7.4-year CVD mortality risk categories 0% to &amp;lt;7%, 7% to &amp;lt;20%, and ≥20%. RESULTS Overall, 8% of participants died of cardiovascular causes during follow-up. In multivariate analysis, the odds ratios (95% CI) for CVD mortality using CAC 0–9 as the reference group were, CAC 10–99: 2.93 (0.74–19.55); CAC 100–299: 3.17 (0.70–22.22); CAC 300–999: 4.41(1.15–29.00); and CAC ≥1,000: 11.23 (3.24–71.00). AUC (95% CI) without CAC was 0.70 (0.67–0.73), AUC with CAC was 0.75 (0.72–0.78), and NRI was 0.13 (0.07–0.19). CONCLUSIONS In T2DM, CAC predicts CVD mortality and meaningfully reclassifies participants, suggesting clinical utility as a risk stratification tool in a population already at increased CVD risk.
TOMOGRAPHIC BRAIN IMAGING AS AN INDEX OF NEUROPHYSIOLOGICAL FUNCTIONING IN TOXIC SUBSTANCE EXPOSURE
Authors: K. S. Subramanion, T. J. Callender, C. C. Butler, Lisn Morrow, V. Akkaraju
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1994)

Subramanion, K. S.; Callender, T. J.; Butler, C. C.; Morrow, Lisn; Akkaraju, V. Author Information
Intact proinsulin and beta-cell function in lean and obese subjects with and without type 2 diabetes.
Authors: M E Røder, B Dinesen, S G Hartling, P Houssa, H Vestergaard, F Sodoyez-Goffaux, C Binder
Journal: Diabetes Care (1999)

OBJECTIVE: Type 2 diabetes is a heterogeneous disease in which both beta-cell dysfunction and insulin resistance are pathogenetic factors. Disproportionate hyperproinsulinemia (elevated proinsulin/insulin) is another abnormality in type 2 diabetes whose mechanism is unknown. Increased demand due to obesity and/or insulin resistance may result in secretion of immature beta-cell granules with a higher content of intact proinsulin. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We investigated the impact of obesity on beta-cell secretion in normal subjects and in type 2 diabetic patients by measuring intact proinsulin, total proinsulin immunoreactivity (PIM), intact insulin, and C-peptide (by radioimmunoassay) by specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays in the fasting state and during a 120-min glucagon (1 mg i.v.) stimulation test. Lean (BMI 23.5 +/- 0.3 kg/m2) (LD) and obese (30.1 +/- 0.4 kg/m2) (OD) type 2 diabetic patients matched for fasting glucose (10.2 +/- 0.6 vs. 10.3 +/- 0.4 mmol/l) were compared with age- and BMI-matched lean (22.4 +/- 0.6 kg/m2) (LC) and obese (30.8 +/- 0.9 kg/m2) (OC) normal control subjects. RESULTS: Diabetic patients (LD vs. LC and OD vs. OC) had elevated fasting levels of intact proinsulin 6.6 +/- 1.0 vs. 1.6 +/- 0.3 pmol/l and 7.7 +/- 2.0 vs. 1.2 +/- 0.2 pmol/l; PIM: 19.9 +/- 2.5 vs. 5.4 +/- 1.0 pmol/l and 29.6 +/- 6.1 vs. 6.1 +/- 0.9 pmol/l; and total PIM/intact insulin: 39 +/- 4 vs. 15 +/- 2% and 35 +/- 5 vs. 13 +/- 2%, all P &amp;lt; 0.01. After glucagon stimulation, PIM levels were disproportionately elevated (PIM/intact insulin based on area under the curve analysis) in diabetic patients (LD vs. LC and OD vs. OC): 32.6 +/- 6.7 vs. 9.2 +/- 1.1% and 22.7 +/- 5.2 vs. 9.1 +/- 1.1%, both P &amp;lt; 0.05. Intact insulin and C-peptide net responses were significantly reduced in type 2 diabetic patients, most pronounced in the lean group. The ratio of intact proinsulin to PIM was higher in diabetic patients after stimulation in both LD versus LC: 32 +/- 3 vs. 23 +/- 2%, and OD versus OC: 28 +/- 4 vs. 16 +/- 2%, both P &amp;lt; 0.01. In obese normal subjects, intact proinsulin/PIM was lower both in the fasting state and after glucagon stimulation: OC versus LC: 22 +/- 3 vs. 33 +/- 3% (fasting) and 16 +/- 2 vs. 23 +/- 2% (stimulated), both P &amp;lt; 0.05. CONCLUSIONS: Increased secretory demand from obesity-associated insulin resistance cannot explain elevated intact proinsulin and disproportionate hyperproinsulinemia in type 2 diabetes. This abnormality may be an integrated part of pancreatic beta-cell dysfunction in this disease.