tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Treatment of severe psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis with leflunomide
Authors: K. Reich, K.M. Hummel, I. Beckmann, R. MOssner, C. Neumann
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2002)

Journal Article Treatment of severe psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis with leflunomide Get access K. Reich, K. Reich Departments of Dermatology and Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar K.M. Hummel, K.M. Hummel Nephrology/Rheumatology, Georg‐August‐University, Von‐Siebold‐Strasse 3, 37075 Göttingen, Germany E‐mail: kreich@gwdg.de Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar I. Beckmann, I. Beckmann Departments of Dermatology and Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar R. MÖssner, R. MÖssner Departments of Dermatology and Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar C. Neumann C. Neumann Departments of Dermatology and Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 146, Issue 2, 1 February 2002, Pages 335–336, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2002.4653_5.x Published: 01 February 2002
Distinct behavior of cardiac myosin heavy chain gene constructs in vivo. Discordance with in vitro results.
Authors: P M Buttrick, M L Kaplan, R N Kitsis, L A Leinwand
Journal: Circulation Research (1993)

Transcriptional thyroid hormone responsiveness of the cardiac alpha-myosin heavy chain (alpha-MHC) gene has been demonstrated in transfections into fetal and neonatal cardiomyocytes and in transgenic mice. However, the correspondence between the regulation of MHC expression in dissociated cells with that in the intact heart is unclear. Given the cost and time involved in generating multiple transgenic lines for the characterization of gene regulatory elements, we used direct cardiac gene transfer to identify elements regulating both basal and thyroid hormone responsive cardiac alpha-MHC gene expression in the adult heart in vivo. Sequences upstream of the rat alpha-MHC gene linked to a luciferase reporter gene were injected into the hearts of adult rats subjected to various thyroid manipulations. The 161-bp sequence upstream of the transcription start site, which contains a TATA box, a CCAATT box, and a thyroid hormone response element, was transcriptionally active but not thyroid hormone responsive. The expression of a construct containing 388 bp of upstream sequence was increased by thyroid hormone administration, a response that required an intact thyroid hormone response element. However, expression of this construct failed to decrease to basal levels in a hypothyroid state. To confer complete (positive and negative) thyroid hormone regulation, 2,936 bp of upstream sequence was sufficient. These results demonstrate that, although necessary, the thyroid hormone response element is not sufficient for complete thyroid hormone regulation of this gene in vivo. In addition, DNA sequences regulating the quantitative expression of cardiac alpha-MHC in the euthyroid state have been demonstrated.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Changes in c-onc expression during embryonal carcinoma cell differentiation.
Authors: T Sejersen, P Jin, M Rahm, N R Ringertz
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1989)

Protooncogenes expressed in murine embryonal carcinoma (EC) cells or their differentiated daughter cells include more or less ubiquitously expressed protooncogenes such as c-myc, c-K-ras, and c-abl, as well as c-onc genes with a very restricted expression pattern. Examples of the latter are N-myc, c-mos, and int-2. These c-onc genes are transcriptionally active in EC cells, as well as in germ cells and/or early embryonic cells. When EC cells are induced to differentiate some protooncogenes or oncogene-related products undergo changes in expression. Thus, EC cell differentiation has been associated with increased expression of c-src, c-fos, int-1, int-2, and the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor, whereas decreased expression has been observed for c-mos, c-K-ras, c-myc, N-myc, and platelet-derived growth factor. The relationships between these changes in expression and EC cell differentiation are not understood. They may be important for the differentiation process or for expression of a differentiated phenotype. They may, however, also be secondary events with no functional significance to EC cell differentiation.
GARGLING AND THROAT IRRIGATION
Authors: William Snow
Journal: JAMA (1934)

It seems that the value of gargles remains an undecided matter in the minds of physicians who have given the subject their attention. For this reason and because of extensive exploitation of gargles by advertisers to the lay public, we undertook objective studies of the comparative value of gargles and throat irrigations. For these observations, subjects used a thin liquid suspension of barium sulphate while lateral x-ray views of the head and neck were made. The first methods included (1) violent gargling, (2) gentle gargling and (3) tilting the head backward and allowing the suspension to run as far backward as possible without gargling. A study of the films showed that with all these methods the tongue is firmly pressed against the soft palate in such a position that the liquid cannot reach the anterior faucial pillars. Occasionally if the subject interrupted the procedure to take a breath of air
Use of sunbeds increases risk of intraocular malignant melanoma
Authors: P. Dolin
Journal: BMJ (1995)

coagulant treatment may have differed in some (perhaps complex) way.The protective effect of hospital 6 did not relate to any single factor.While thromboembolic prophylaxis is no panacea, our results suggest that it is associated with reduced deaths from pulmonary embolism.Complacent reliance on anticoagulant treatment-or, for that matter, any drug or procedure-should be avoided.Hospital 6, which among other things routinely used pharmacological anticoagulant prophylaxis (although 14% of this hospital's patients did not receive it), had a much lower 90 day mortality.No single variable (including prophylaxis) explained this, and our audit generated rather than tested hypotheses.We trust that hypotheses generated by the correspondents will be put to the test so that mortality can be reduced and patients' care improved.Clearly, something can be learnt from the package of care at hospital 6. Readers should focus on why differences in mortality occurred among centres and not be distracted by the issue of thromboembolic prophylaxis, a disputed subject that our study was not designed to address.We agree that more detailed and larger scale studies of both prophylaxis and outcome after hip fracture are needed.
Human disease consequences of fiber exposures: a review of human lung pathology and fiber burden data.
Authors: V L Roggli
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1990)

Inhalation of asbestos fibers results in a variety of neoplastic and nonneoplastic diseases of the respiratory tract. Some of these diseases, such as asbestosis, generally occur after prolonged and intensive exposure to asbestos, whereas others, such as pleural mesothelioma, may occur following brief exposures. Inhalation of nonasbestiform mineral fibers can occur as well, and these fibers can be recovered from human lung tissue. Thus, there has been considerable interest in the relationship between mineral fiber content of the lung and various pathologic changes. Techniques for fiber analysis of human tissues have not been standardized, and consequently results may differ appreciably from one laboratory to another. In all reported series, extremely high fiber burdens are found in the lungs of individuals with asbestosis. Although there is a correlation between the tissue concentration of asbestos fibers and the severity of pulmonary fibrosis, further studies of the mineralogic correlates of fiber-induced pulmonary fibrosis are needed. Mesothelioma may occur with fiber burdens considerably less than those necessary to produce asbestosis. More information is needed regarding the migration of fibers to the pleura and the numbers, types, and dimensions of fibers that accumulate at that site. Patients with asbestosis have a markedly increased risk for lung cancer, but the risk of lung cancer attributable to asbestos in exposed workers without asbestosis who also smoke is controversial. Combined epidemiologic-mineralogic studies of a well-defined cohort are needed to resolve this issue. In addition, more information is needed regarding the potential role of nonasbestos mineral fibers in the pathogenesis of lung cancer.
VALUE OF THE ROENTGEN RAY IN DIAGNOSIS OF TUMORS OF THE JAW
Authors: GORDON B. NEW
Journal: JAMA (1924)

In the diagnosis of tumors around the jaws, the roentgen ray is of value in determining whether the condition is primary in the jaw, or whether the jaw is involved in an inflammatory or malignant process around it. In the examination, roentgenograms, therefore, should be made at various angles. Often a roentgenogram of the jaw taken in lateral view will be negative, while one taken in the anteroposterior or oblique view will reveal the lesion, particularly if it is at the angle or at the ascending ramus. In this study, the various types of tumors were classified clinically and pathologically, and the roentgenograms were examined to determine their value in making the diagnosis. <h3>DIAGNOSIS</h3> In the interpretation of roentgenograms of tumors of bone, certain points have been emphasized by various observers<sup>1</sup>that may aid in the diagnosis: (1) The shape of the tumor: a benign tumor of the bone
Vascular Inflammation in a Growing Iliac Artery Aneurysm
Authors: Michael D. Hope, Warren J. Gasper, Joseph Rapp, Christopher D. Owens, Henrik Haraldsson, David Saloner
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2015)

We have used a multimodality imaging approach to assess the inflammatory component of a growing iliac artery aneurysm in a 53-year-old man who presented with related ureteral obstruction. Research suggests that episodic and heterogeneous inflammatory processes are important for the progression of aneurysms. The combined PET and MRI evaluation of inflammation that we present here is a novel approach to vascular imaging that is well suited for emerging hybrid PET/MRI systems.
Data-driven estimation of cardiac electrical diffusivity from 12-lead ECG signals
Authors: Oliver Zettinig, Tommaso Mansi, Dominik Neumann, Bogdan Georgescu, Saikiran Rapaka, Philipp Seegerer, Elham Kayvanpour, Farbod Sedaghat-Hamedani, Ali Amr, Jan Haas, Henning Steen, Hugo Katus, Benjamin Meder, Nassir Navab, Ali Kamen, Dorin Comaniciu
Journal: Medical Image Analysis (2014)
The stomach in tropical sprue.
Authors: S K Vaish, J Sampathkumar, R Jacob, S J Baker
Journal: Gut (1965)

EDITORIAL SYNOPSIS The authors describe the results of a study of the gastric secretion and gastric histology of 15 control subjects and 30 patients with tropical sprue.Patients with sprue show a marked depression of gastric secretion and varying degrees of gastritis as compared with control subjects.There is no relation between the severity of the gastric lesion and the severity of the intestinal lesion.The possible aetiology of the gastritis is discussed.
IMPROVING INSULIN THERAPY WITH CALCIUM GLUCONATE
Authors: IRVING D. ROSENBERG
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1962)

In ICT, the oral administration of calcium gluconate in doses ranging from 2 to 5 gm. either at the time of insulin injection or within one hour thereafter resulted in a 100% elimination of hypoglycemic convulsions or severe muscular twitching on the Insulin Unit at the New Jersey State Hospital. This therefore is felt to be an important contribution to ICT because it can be used in those patients who otherwise would have convulsions or severe twitching and who would not have received an adequate course of insulin.
Acute necrotic skin reaction to intramuscular Depo‐Provera<sup>®</sup>
Authors: S.M. Clark, S.W. Lanigan
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2000)

Journal Article Acute necrotic skin reaction to intramuscular Depo‐Provera® Get access S.M. Clark, S.M. Clark Department of Dermatology, Leeds General Infirmary, Great George Street, Leeds LS1 3EX, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar S.W. Lanigan S.W. Lanigan Department of Dermatology, The Princess of Wales Hospital, Bridgend CF31 1RQ, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 143, Issue 6, 1 December 2000, Pages 1356–1357, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2000.03940.x Published: 01 December 2000
Cyclin‐dependent kinase inhibitors for treating cancer
Authors: Peter L. Toogood
Journal: Medicinal Research Reviews (2001)

Cyclin dependent kinases (Cdks) are essential enzymes for the control of cell cycle progression. Inhibitors of cyclin-dependent kinases are anticipated to possess therapeutic utility against a wide variety of proliferative diseases, especially cancer. The field of published small molecule Cdk inhibitors is briefly reviewed here as background to a summary of work on a class of pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine Cdk inhibitors. Compounds from this class are described that display potency against cyclin D/Cdk4 up to IC(50) = 0.004 microM. Good to moderate selectivity for cyclin D/Cdk4 is also reported for compounds in this structural class. Structure-activity relationship data are presented for substitution at the C2 and N8 positions and these data are interpreted in the context of a binding model that is based on the Cdk2 crystal structure. A representative cyclin D/Cdk4 inhibitor (compound 56) is demonstrated to selectively inhibit the proliferation of an Rb(+) cell line vs. a matched Rb(-) cell line and to produce a distinct G(1) block consistent with cyclin D/Cdk4 inhibition in cells.
Self harm was misrepresented (again)
Authors: Naveen Kapur, Jayne Cooper
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Reduction in mortality from breast cancerDecrease with screening was marked in younger age group Editor-Based on a complicated statistical model, Olsen et al reported that the breast cancer mortality in Copenhagen dropped by 25% for women aged 50-79 when comparing mortality in the screening period (1991-2001) with a pre-screening period (1981-91) and claimed that this decrease was caused by screening. 1According to Statistics Denmark, 217 breast cancer deaths occurred in Copenhagen in the age group 35-54 years in the period 1981-90 and 196 deaths in 1991-2000. 2By comparing these data with those in the article by Olsen et al we calculate that less than 5% of the breast cancer mortality in this age group is caused by tumours diagnosed after age 50 years when women were invited to screening.The number of exposure years increased from about 484 000 to about 538 000.This gives a significant 19% (age adjusted) reduction in breast cancer mortality in the age group 35-54 years.No reduction at all occurred in the age group 55-79. 2Our estimates are based on raw and complete data.In contrast, the estimates in the paper by Olsen et al are sensitive to exclusion of data and model choice.In Copenhagen a drop in breast cancer mortality may reflect a higher fertility quotient due to non-Western immigration, fewer nulliparous women, and other non-screening related factors.It is therefore strange that no causal note was made by Olsen et al on the marked decrease in the breast cancer mortality in the age group 35-54 years.
A STUDY OF RETRO-PERITONEAL NEOPLASMS WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO DIAGNOSIS.
Authors: RICHARD DOUGLAS
Journal: JAMA (1898)

<h3>Definition.</h3> —For the purpose of my paper I accept the limitation suggested by Mr. Lockwood for retro-peritoneal neoplasms. The term implies a solid or cystic tumor growing behind the peritoneum, into its folds and not connected with any of the great retro-peritoneal organs. So we at once eliminate from our consideration tumors of the kidneys, pancreas, uterus and so-called broad ligament ovarian cysts. Neoplasms connected with any of the retro-peritoneal viscera usually present sufficient evidence in their history, symptoms and physical signs to enable us to ascribe their site of origin. <h3>Origin.</h3> —Surgeons are not very careful in determining at the time of operation the true origin of the tumor with which they are dealing. The spirit of the pathologist is for the time eclipsed by the surgical emergencies. Therefore, I feel safe in assuming that many retro-peritoneal neoplasms have been encountered, the surgeon, recognizing the inoperable character of the
795-6 Comparison Between Three-Dimensional Reconstruction and Two-Dimensional Imaging for Evaluating Regurgitant Jets: An In Vitro Study
Authors: Zheng Gong, Xiaodong Zhou, Takahiro Shlota, Brian Sinclair, Shuping Ge, Jinping Xu, Berthold Klas, Richard Derman, David J. Sahn
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
Sulphasalazine associated pancytopenia may be caused by acute folate deficiency.
Authors: E C Logan, L M Williamson, D R Ryrie
Journal: Gut (1986)

Agranulocytosis and aplastic anaemia associated with sulphasalazine are well recognised, but pancytopenia caused by acute megaloblastic arrest of haemopoiesis while taking sulphasalazine has not previously been described. We report three patients who, after taking sulphasalazine for over two years, suddenly developed severe pancytopenia with gross megaloblastic changes in the marrow. In two patients there was a good response to high dose oral folic acid but the third required folinic acid. The mechanism appears to be acute folate deficiency, and the requirement for folinic acid in one case suggests that the known inhibition of folate metabolism by sulphasalazine also contributes. The syndrome appears to be associated with high dosage and slow acetylator status. The drug has been successfully restarted at reduced dosage with folate supplements in two patients both of whom were slow acetylators. In the third case, whose acetylator status is not known, progression of her disease led to colectomy.
Abstract 2783: Inhibition of prosurvival autophagy by the BH3-mimetic obatoclax sensitizes antiestrogen-resistant breast cancer cells to apoptosis
Authors: Jessica Schwartz, Ayesha Shajahan, Minetta Liu, Robert Clarke
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Antiestrogens (AEs) have long been a standard treatment for estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer patients. However, antiestrogen resistance, either de novo or acquired, is a major hurdle for effective therapy in breast cancer patients. To address this, the underlying mechanisms of antiestrogen resistance must be understood. One common mechanism by which AE resistant cells thrive is by overexpressing BCL2 and its antiapoptotic family members, which allows cancer cells to survive under conditions that would normally cause apoptosis. We discovered that the BH3-mimetic, obatoclax (GX15-070), significantly reduces cell proliferation and, in combination with fulvestrant or tamoxifen, results in a synergistic inhibition of cell growth in AE resistant breast cancer cells. Obatoclax exhibits potency against BCL2, BCL-XL, BCLW, MCL1, and A1 and is currently being used in clinical trials directed at lymhomas and leukemia. However, the molecular mechanisms of cell death by obatoclax are unclear. We show that obatoclax induces apoptosis and autophagosome formation in AE-resistant breast cancer cells. To compensate for the increase in autophagosomal formation as measured by LC3, obatoclax also induces lysosome formation to prepare for cellular breakdown. This study is the first to show that obatoclax inhibits prosurvival autophagy by preventing the degradation of LC3 and p62 through a cathepsin-dependent mechanism. Furthermore, overexpression of BCL2 in breast cancer cells “primes” the cells with BH3-only proteins and renders the cancer cell sensitive to treatment with obatoclax. Collectively, these data support exploration of clinical trials combining an AE and the BCL2 inhibitor, obatoclax, for the treatment of AE-resistant breast cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2783. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-2783
The Physician in Literature
Authors: Helle Mathiasen
Journal: JAMA (1982)

In our culture, medicine and literature have long coexisted in an uneasy relationship. Physicians and writers have regarded each other with mutual fascination and distrust, both eager yet wary in their attempts to comprehend and control the human condition. If there is one issue that separates scientists and humanists, it is the dispute concerning the primacy of the quantitative over the qualitative view of nature. The more physicians and writers exchange ideas and information, however, the more it appears that neither view offers a satisfactory answer, but that both supplement each other. Recent years have seen a number of studies by writers and physician-writers that examine aspects of disease, death, and the physician-patient relationship in plays, poems, and prose; courses in medicine and literature have found their way into undergraduate and medical school curricula.<sup>1,2</sup>This growing interest in furthering the dialogue between the two cultures has produced a number
Appeal court rules that GMC must reconsider complaints against Southall
Authors: Clare Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2005)

The General Medical Council will have to reconsider complaints of research misconduct against David Southall and two other paediatricians that it threw out last year, after a Court of Appeal ruling this week.

The court ruled by a 2-1 majority that the GMC must review a decision by its professional proceedings committee (PPC) that the complaint over neonatal research should go no further because there was “no real prospect” of proving the factual basis of the complaints or that the doctors' actions were serious professional misconduct.

The complaints, against Professor Southall, Martin …
The quality of research in sports journals: Table 1
Authors: C Bleakley, D MacAuley
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2002)

Objective: To examine the evidence base of sports medicine research. Methods: A sample of four major journals that present core research in sport and exercise medicine ( British Journal of Sports Medicine , Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise , Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness , and Physical Therapy ) was examined using assessment criteria taken from the READER method. Results: Randomised controlled trials comprised 10% or less of all original research articles. Observational/descriptive studies were the most commonly published study design. There was a highly significant difference (p&lt;0.0001) in the contents of the four journals but when they were compared by categorising the better quality methods together (randomised control trial, case-control, and cohort studies), the difference was not significant (p = 0.09). Conclusions: The overall pattern of publication type seems remarkably stable over medical journals, indicating that the quality of sports medicine research is comparable to that in other specialities.