tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A MEDICAL REVIEW OF SOVIET RUSSIA: VI.--WORK OF PAVLOV AND OTHER SCIENTISTS
Authors: W. H. Gantt
Journal: BMJ (1927)

LITTLE is known in other countries-especially in Enigland and America-of medical work in Russia.This is lnot onily on account of the language difficulty, but because of tle -lack of intercourse with other nations, and of the small number of foreigners who enter the country to do research work.Even before the war few doctors visited Russia.During tlhree years of my stay there I have known of no other foreigner from an Einglish-speaking country doing medical work, and I met only one such visitor prior to the sunmmer of 1926-Mr.T. R. Parsonis, then of Cambridge, niow of Montreal.During the summer of 1926, however, there were several Britislh and American doctors travelling through Russia (Dr.C. P. Miller of the Rockefeller Institute and others).tBecause of this lack of information I shall give a sketch of some of the importanit medeical work with wlhich I hlavo become personially acquainted, without attempting, of course, a comprehensive review.My excuse for presenting this miscellan-leous and sketchy account is the fact that practically nolle of the material, to my knowledge, has been published in English, and parts of it have not yet appeared even in Russian.First of all is the work of Pavlov.His researches in digestion have already been published in English.tHis energies during the last twenty-five years, lhowever, lhave beeni directed chiefly to the physiology of the brain.Since two of his books are to appear soon giving hiis own account of the achievements in thlis new field, I shall do little more here than call attention to these volumes.§ CONDITIONED REFLEXES IN THE DOG.More than a quarter of a -ceiitury ago Professor Pavlov begani hiis observations on conditionied reflexes.During his work on the digestive glanids he and otlher physiologists had observed a secretion of saliva which physiology could not explain-a secretion when the dog looked at food or even wheni it heard the footstep of the person who fed it.Secretion of saliva when the dog ate, or wlhen artificially stimulated by an electric currenit, was exlplained by physio- logy as chemical or physical reflexes, but the secretion at the sight or thought of food was colnsidered beyond physio- logy: it was called psychical.However, Pavlov was niot satisfied with so vague an explanation.He felt that this important fact, and other psychical ones, should be reduced to physiological and measurable terms.F or two years Pavlov could not decide whether or not to abandon the former psychofogical and (to him) barren explanation of the psychical flow and to launch out into a new and unexplored field of objective investigation.After persistent deliberation on this subject, after a considerable mental conflict, I decided finally, in regard to the so-called psychical stimulation, to remair in the role of a pure physiologist- that is, of an objective observer and experimenter, having to do exclusively with the external phenomena and their relations."
Abstract 15611: Mild Renal Dysfunction Induces Cardiomyocyte Apoptosis and Cardiac Fibrosis: Prevented by Chronic Subcutaneous Cenderitide
Authors: Fernando L Martin, S J Sangaralingham, Tomoko Ichiki, Gerald E Harders, Brenda K Huntley, Alessandro Cataliotti, Horng H Chen, John C Burnett
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) increases cardiovascular morbidity by unclear mechanisms. We reported that mild renal impairment produced by unilateral nephrectomy (UNX) results in early cardiac fibro...
Ranolazine as Add-on Therapy for Patients With Severe Chronic Angina—Reply
Authors: Bernard R. Chaitman
Journal: JAMA (2004)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract 14184: NPC1L1 Inhibition with Ezetimibe Prevents Accelerated Plaque Destabilization and Rupture Induced by Dietary Cholesterol Oxidation Products in ApoE-deficient Mice
Authors: Kei Sato, Tetsuya Matoba, Shunsuke Katsuki, Kaku Nakano, Kenji Sunagawa, Kensuke Egashira
Journal: Circulation (2010)
Comparison of investigator-delineated GTV in chemoradiotherapy (CRT) for locally advanced nonmetastatic pancreatic cancer (LANPC): Analysis of the pretrial test case for the SCALOP trial.
Authors: Somnath Mukherjee, Charlotte Halle, Emiliano Spezi, George Joseph, Jennifer Mary Rose Branagan, Chris Hurt, Stephen Falk, Lisette Nixon, Ross A. Abrams, John Staffurth
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2013)

230 Background: SCALOP, a randomized, multicenter, phase II trial, tested efficacy/toxicity of gemcitabine (Gem) versus capecitabine (Cap) based CRT following 4 cycles of induction chemotherapy. 114 patients from 28 centers were registered and 75 patients had CRT. The RT Quality Assurance included a test case. GTVs outlined by investigators were evaluated by the chief investigator (CI). We report analysis of the test case. Methods: The test case was LANPC of head of pancreas. The gold standard GTV (gsGTV) was outlined by the CI and trial radiologist. Protocol specified margins (GTV + 2cm sup-inf, 1.5 cm radial) were applied to generate the gold standard PTV (gsPTV). CT-DICOM dataset of the planning scan was sent to participating centers for tumor volume delineation by investigators and individualized feedback was provided by CI. CERR software was used to compare the investigator volumes (iGTV and iPTV) against the gold standard. Results: Volumes from 25 investigators were analyzed. The results are summarized below (Table). Slice-by-slice conformity indices and qualitative review showed that most variation occurred at the superior and inferior extremes of the tumor and a peri-tumoral node was frequently missed by investigators. Conclusions: SCALOP is the first trial in LANPC to test investigator-delineated volumes using conformity indices, and has demonstrated considerable variation in iGTVs. Trial workshops and real-time central review of tumor outlines are proposed. [Table: see text]
Changes in Albumin Excretion in the Diabetes Prevention Program
Journal: Diabetes Care (2009)

OBJECTIVE Increased urinary albumin excretion rates have been linked to nephropathy and macrovascular disease. We here describe the baseline prevalence and effect of Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) interventions on the development and reversal of elevated albumin excretion. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Urine albumin-to-creatinine ratios (ACRs) were calculated from untimed urine collections. Analyses compared participants by treatment group, diabetes and hypertension status, and use of ACE inhibitors or angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs). RESULTS Elevated ACR levels (≥30 mg/g creatinine) were present at baseline in 198 (6.2%) of 3,188 participants: placebo 5.3%, metformin 6.5%, and intensive lifestyle (ILS) 6.8%. Of the 2,802 with ACR measurements at baseline and at the end of the study, the percentage with elevated levels declined (incident and regression) from 6.2 to 6.1%, with no significant differences between the groups even with adjustment for ACE inhibitor and ARB use. The odds of developing an elevated ACR were 59% higher for a participant who developed diabetes compared with one who did not. CONCLUSIONS At entry into the DPP, an elevated ACR was present in 6.2%. Despite the marked decrease in progression to diabetes and the improvement in insulin resistance and other cardiovascular risk markers in the ILS and metformin groups, there was no improvement in ACR, on average, in those two groups. However, the frequency of an elevated ACR was higher in participants who developed diabetes. An increased ACR may have multiple causes, thus obscuring the improvements that might have been expected with the reduction in insulin resistance seen in the DPP.
Interactive case report: A 66 year old woman with a rash: presentation
Authors: J Bligh
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Editorial by Richards and Peile 

Ruth is a 66 year old housewife who presented to her general practitioner with a two to three month history of feeling generally “out of sorts” followed by the development of a rash (figures). The rash first appeared on her fingers and spread to the backs of her hands. The most noticeable changes were on the nail folds, which became erythematous and swollen. …
Optogenetic Activation of Normalization in Alert Macaque Visual Cortex
Authors: Jonathan J. Nassi, Michael C. Avery, Ali H. Cetin, Anna W. Roe, John H. Reynolds
Journal: Neuron (2015)

Normalization has been proposed as a canonical computation that accounts for a variety of nonlinear neuronal response properties associated with sensory processing and higher cognitive functions. A key premise of normalization is that the excitability of a neuron is inversely proportional to the overall activity level of the network. We tested this by optogenetically activating excitatory neurons in alert macaque primary visual cortex and measuring changes in neuronal activity as a function of stimulation intensity, with or without variable-contrast visual stimulation. Optogenetic depolarization of excitatory neurons either facilitated or suppressed baseline activity, consistent with indirect recruitment of inhibitory networks. As predicted by the normalization model, neurons exhibited sub-additive responses to optogenetic and visual stimulation, which depended lawfully on stimulation intensity and luminance contrast. We conclude that the normalization computation persists even under the artificial conditions of optogenetic stimulation, underscoring the canonical nature of this form of neural computation.
Deliberate Self-Poisoning in Ontario Following the Terrorist Attacks of September 11, 2001
Authors: Michael E Detsky, Marco L A Sivilotti, Alexander Kopp, Peter C Austin, David N Juurlink
Journal: JAMA (2005)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Efficacy and tolerability of adding an angiotensin receptor blocker in patients with heart failure already receiving an angiotensin‐converting inhibitor plus aldosterone antagonist, with or without a beta blocker. Findings from the Candesartan in Heart failure: Assessment of Reduction in Mortality and morbidity (CHARM)‐Added trial
Authors: R.A.P. Weir, John J.V. McMurray, Margareta Puu, Scott D. Solomon, Bertil Olofsson, Christopher B. Granger, Salim Yusuf, Eric L. Michelson, Karl Swedberg, Marc A. Pfeffer
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2008)
Abstract 12320: Left ventricular Torsional Mechanics Remains Impaired in Patients with Beta-Thalassaemia Major Despite Bone Marrow Transplantation
Authors: Yiu-Fai Cheung, Godfrey Cf Chan, Wing-yan Au, Wendy Wm Lam, Winnie Ww Cheung, Yuen-chi Ho, Sophia J Wong, Shau-yin Ha
Journal: Circulation (2011)
The Heart Is a Lonely Runner
Authors: Jack Coulehan
Journal: JAMA (2002)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Prolonged oral etoposide as second-line therapy for platinum-resistant and platinum-sensitive ovarian carcinoma: a Gynecologic Oncology Group study.
Authors: P G Rose, J A Blessing, A R Mayer, H D Homesley
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1998)

PURPOSE A phase II trial was conducted to determine the activity of prolonged oral etoposide in platinum-resistant and platinum-sensitive ovarian carcinoma. PATIENTS AND METHODS Platinum-resistant disease was defined as progression on platinum-based chemotherapy or recurrence within 6 months of completing therapy. The starting dose was 50 mg/m2/d (30 mg/m2/d for prior radiotherapy) for 21 days, every 28 days. A dose escalation to a maximum dose of 60 mg/m2/d was prescribed. RESULTS Of 99 patients entered, 97 were assessable for toxicity and 82 were assessable for response. Among 41 platinum-resistant patients a 26.8% response rate (7.3% complete response [CR] and 19.5% partial response [PR] rate) occurred. The median response duration was 4.3 months (range, 1.3 to 8.7), median progression-free interval (PFI) was 5.7 months (range, 0.8 to 30.8+), and median survival time was 10.8 months (range, 1.9 to 45.8). Twenty-five of 41 platinum-resistant patients had also previously received paclitaxel; of which eight (32%) responded. Among 41 platinum-sensitive patients, a 34.1% response rate (14.6% CR and 19.5% PR rate) occurred. The median response duration was 7.5 months (range, 1.9 to 15.2+), median PFI was 6.3+ months (range, 0.9 to 20.4), and median survival time was 16.5+ months (range, 0.9 to 34.8). Of 97 patients assessable for toxicity, grade 3 or 4 hematologic toxicity was common, with leukopenia occurring in 41.2% (grade 3, 29%; grade 4, 12%), neutropenia in 45.4% (grade 3, 20%; grade 4, 25%), thrombocytopenia in 9% (grade 3, 5%; grade 4, 4%), and anemia in 13.4%. Three treatment-related deaths occurred: two from neutropenic sepsis and one from thrombocytopenic bleeding after an overdose. One patient developed leukemia. CONCLUSION This regimen is active in platinum-resistant and platinum-sensitive ovarian carcinoma. Additionally, the regimen is active in paclitaxel-resistant ovarian carcinoma.
Abstract 16003: Atrial Fibrillation Complicated With Thrombus Formation in LA Appendage During Anticoagulation: Incidence, Clinical Characteristics and Efficacy of Catheter Ablation
Authors: Kiyoshi Otomo, Kaname Takizawa, Naoto Inoue, Taiichiro Meguro
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Backgrounds:  Although CHADS2 score has been widely accepted as a risk stratification method of cerebral embolism in patients (pts) with atrial fibrillation (AF), characteristics of AF with LA appendage (LAA) thrombus (LAA-T) formation identified by trans-esophageal echocardiography (TEE) have not been precisely described.   Purposes:  To assess clinical characteristics and efficacy of catheter ablation (CA) in AF pts with LAA thrombus.   Methods:  In consecutive 1547 AF pts (paroxysmal 1020, non-paroxysmal 527) who had been anticoagulated for more than 4 weeks, TEE was performed within 24 hours before scheduled CA procedure. They were divided into 2 groups according to presence (Group-1: 23 pts (1.5%)) or absence of LAA-T (Group-2: 1524 pts (98.5%)). In Group-1, strengthened warfarinization (PT-INR>2.5) was initiated soon after thrombus identification and CA was performed only after confirmation of thrombus dissolution on follow-up TEE. Clinical characteristics and post-ablation clinical outcomes were compared between the groups.   Results:  At the time first LAA-T was identified, Group-1 pts were taking warfarin in 13, dabigatran in 8 (220mg/day in all) and other NOACs in 2 pts. Group-1 exhibited significantly higher incidence of non-PAF (87 vs 33%; P   Conclusions:  Non-paroxysmal AF was the independent predictor of LAA-T formation. Efficacy of CA in those with history of LAA-T formation was inferior to that in those without.
Control "Social Carnivores" to Prevent Bites
Authors: M Mitka
Journal: JAMA (2001)

IT’S A DOG-EAT-DOG WORLD—AND public safety people want to keep it that way. They’ve published a guideline in hopes of drastically reducing the number of dog bites of humans. “A Community Approach to Dog Bite Prevention” was published June 1 by the American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA) Task Force on Canine Aggression and Human-Canine Interactions ( J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2001;218:1732-1750). A core recommendation of the document advocates moving away from creating local controlling ordinances targeted at specific dog breeds. Such an approach is a typical response by a community following an attack on a person, but such legislation usually only riles owners of those breeds while failing to reduce the number of dog bites, the task force argued. “Although the number of injuries will never be reduced to zero, task force members believe a well-planned proactive community approach can make a substantial impact,” the guideline states.
Abstract #1704: DDS-06E - a novel oral pH-sensitive micellar formulation of SN38: Antitumor efficacy in colon and pancreatic xenograft models
Authors: Corinne Benquet, David Lessard, Dorothée Le Garrec, Piotr Kujawa, Dana Palusova, Lesley Courtemanche, Francis Bichat, Olivier Raguin, Virginie Bari, Samir Taga, Damon Smith, William Zamboni
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

AACR Annual Meeting-- Apr 18-22, 2009; Denver, CO

Introduction: Irinotecan (CPT-11) a synthetic derivative of camptothecin displays antitumor activity in a wide range of solid tumors. CPT-11 is a prodrug, which is hydrolysed by carboxylesterases to the active metabolite SN38 but conversion rates are low and highly variable; the poor aqueous solubility of SN38 has so far precluded its oral administration. We have developed a novel pH-sensitive polyethyleneglycol-polymethacrylate micellar formulation of SN38 (DDS-06E) that has demonstrated significant oral bioavailability. The present study evaluated the efficacy of this new formulation after oral administration to Swiss nude mice bearing human colon and pancreatic tumors. Methods: Efficacy studies were performed in Swiss nude mice (n = 12/group) bearing human HCT-116 colon carcinoma or human Mia-PaCa-2 pancreatic carcinoma xenografts. DDS-06E was administered orally at 12.5, 25, 50 and 75 mg/kg/d qd x 5d x 2 wk q21d for at least 2 cycles. CPT-11 was administered IV at 50 mg/kg q7d x 2 wk q21d for at least 2 cycles. Vehicle control groups using the same regimen as oral micellar SN38 were also evaluated. Body weights and tumour volumes were monitored three times per week. Results : DDS-06E was well tolerated after oral administration into colon and pancreatic xenografts. In HCT-116 xenografts, significant reductions in relative tumour growth were observed after 5 and 12 days of treatment with 50 and 75 mg/kg/d respectively, compared to vehicle controls (p   0.5). In the case of Mia-PaCa-2, significant reductions in relative tumour growth were observed after 11 days administration of micellar SN38 at 50 mg/kg/d compared to vehicle controls (p < 0.05). Weekly intravenous CPT-11 (50 mg/kg) administration was not well tolerated in tumour bearing animals with the effect being more pronounced in animals bearing Mia-PaCa-2 xenografts; several deaths were associated with the CPT-11 treatment. Conclusions: The efficacy of micellar SN38 in xenograft models of colon and pancreatic cancer was similar to CPT-11. These results suggest that oral micellar SN38 is a promising agent and should be evaluated in clinical trials.

Citation Information: In: Proc Am Assoc Cancer Res; 2009 Apr 18-22; Denver, CO. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; 2009. Abstract nr 1704.
Gender differences in treatment outcomes of tuberculosis patients in Taiwan: a prospective observational study
Authors: J.-Y. Feng, S.-F. Huang, W.-Y. Ting, Y.-C. Chen, Y.-Y. Lin, R.-M. Huang, C.-H. Lin, J.-J. Hwang, J.-J. Lee, M.-C. Yu, K.-W. Yu, Y.-C. Lee, W.-J. Su
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2012)
The Origin of Disease especially of disease resulting from intrinsic as opposed to extrinsic causes. With chapters on Diagnosis, Prognosis and Treatment.
Authors: Henry P. De Forest
Journal: JAMA (1897)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal