tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Application of Homeostatic Principles to the Management of Nephrotic Patients
Authors: Nathan B. Talbot, John D. Crawford, Charles D. Cook, Mary F. Morrill, Elsie A. MacLachlan, Anne Heeley
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1957)

ATTENTION has been called to the fact that patients who have lost most of their normal capacity to eliminate water, potassium and phosphate as a consequence of severe renal damage may nonetheless retain a very satisfactory ability to take and eliminate considerable amounts of sodium and chloride.1 By contrast, as is well known, patients with childhood nephrosis may fail to eliminate dietary sodium chloride and water and may become markedly edematous despite the fact that their renal function, as judged by conventional clearance measurements and by their capacity to handle other ordinary dietary constituents such as potassium and phosphate, is . . .
Liver transplantation and HBsAg-positive postnecrotic cirrhosis: adequate immunoprophylaxis and delta virus co-infection as the significant determinants of long-term prognosis
Authors: Jan P Lerut, Matteo Donataccio, Olga Ciccarelli, Francine Roggen, Jacques Jamart, Pierre-François Laterre, Chantal Cornu, Davide Mazza, Geneviève Hanique, Jacques Rahier, André P Geubel, Jean-Bernard Otte
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1999)
The Chediak‐Higashi syndrome: Microtubules in lmonocytes and lymphocytes
Authors: James G. White, C. C. Clawson
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1979)

Abstract Recent investigations of Chediak‐Higashi syndrome (CHS) leukocytes have suggested that defective cell function and formation of giant granules may be due to an inability of the cells to assemble microtubules because of an abnormality in synthesis of cyclic 3′, 5′‐guanosine monophosphate (cGMP). In the present study we have examined normal and CHS lymphocytes and monocytes for the presence and frequency of centriole‐associated microtubules. No statistically significant differences between the mean numbers of centriole associated microtubules in normal and CHS monouclear cells could be detected. Results of the study fail to support the hypothesis that microtubule assembly is a fundamental defect in all CHS leukocytes.
Prospective study of endogenous tissue plasminogen activator and risk of stroke
Authors: P.M. Ridker, C.H. Hennekens, J.E. Manson, P.M. Ridker, D.E. Vaughan, M.J. Stampfer, D.E. Vaughan, C.H. Hennekens, M.J. Stampfer
Journal: The Lancet (1994)
Circulation Time End Points
Authors: RICHARD N. PIERSON, MICHAEL GRIECO, NEIL SWINTON, MICHAEL DUBIN
Journal: Circulation (1966)

Ideal measurements are both simple and precise. The subjective circulation time has provided more simplicity than precision to three generations of physicians attempting to analyze cardiac function. Other more complex and less available measurements have displaced the circulation time from its prior vogue, probably because of the wide ranges of normal circulation time values. Yet, no other bedside measurement of cardiac function reflects both cardiac output and central blood volume with a single result. The peripheral arrival characteristics of radioisotope-labeled albumin are described in 15 normal subjects and in 13 patients with heart failure. These circulation-times are compared with the taste end point of the saccharin indicator simultaneously injected. Taste threshold, a variable not dependent on cardiac status, determines a significant proportion of the circulation time in both normal and failing circulations. The wide availability of instruments which measure radioactivity, dye density, or thermal change as a function of time could reinvest the circulation time with a new precision, in return for a modest loss of simplicity. Bypass of the noncardiac variable taste threshold may be added to the other well-described advantages of an objective circulation-time measurement by use of the time of half-peak concentration as the end point in recording the circulation time.
NHS progress is "very positive" in some areas but poor in others, says watchdog
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2008)

The NHS in England and Wales has made “some dramatic progress” in the past five years, delivering better health for the nation and year on year improvement in meeting core standards and national targets set by the government, says the healthcare watchdog.

The report from the Healthcare Commission says that although the NHS receives more funding than ever, comparable with countries with similar state backed systems, such as Sweden and Finland, it also offers better value for money than before. There are more consultations in primary care, more admissions to hospitals, and more visits to emergency departments than five years ago, and the NHS has seen a 26% rise in staff in the past decade.

Life expectancy …
Death Due to a Pesticide
Authors: George A. Reich, John O. Welke
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1966)

THIS is believed to be the first report of a fatality due to a new carbamate pesticide.In the early evening of October 25, 1965, a 17-year-old Cuban boy was found at home by his relatives lying face down on his bed unconscious. Vomiting had occurred. Beside the bed was a 12-ounce soft-drink bottle containing about 4 ounces of a dark-brown, odorous liquid. Forty-five minutes before, he had been in perfect health.He was taken to the emergency room of Jackson Memorial Hospital. He remained comatose. He had bilateral pinpoint pupils and an irregular heartbeat. A film of the chest . . .
Plasma Adrenomedullin Levels in Type 1 Diabetes: Relationship with clinical parameters
Authors: M T García-Unzueta, C Montalbán, C Pesquera, J R Berrazueta, J A Amado
Journal: Diabetes Care (1998)

OBJECTIVE To assess the relationship between plasma adrenomedullin (AM) levels and the presence of microvascular complications in type 1 diabetic patients. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We measured plasma AM and cAMP levels in 103 type 1 diabetic patients (46 without complications, 24 with retinopathy only, 14 with microalbuminuria but normal kidney function, and 19 with renal insufficiency) and 41 matched healthy control subjects. RESULTS Patients with renal insufficiency had higher levels of AM and cAMP than all other groups. Patients with only retinopathy showed a trend to have higher levels than patients without complications. There were no differences among all other groups. There was a significant correlation between AM and cAMP in the total diabetic group (rs = 0.36, P &amp;lt; 0.001) but not in the control group. In multiple regression analysis, plasma AM demonstrated significant relationships with creatinine clearance (β = −0.31, P = 0.004) and duration of the disease (β = 0.28, P = 0.008). CONCLUSIONS Plasma AM and cAMP are increased in type 1 diabetic patients with renal insufficiency. Creatinine clearance (CrClc) and duration of the disease are related to plasma AM levels in these patients.
Immunosuppression and malignancy.
Authors: C W Emery
Journal: BMJ (1973)

Effect of Oxprenolol on Heart Rate SIR,-Dr.U. Thadani and others (20 January, p. 138) found that the resting heart rate was higher after intravenous than after oral administration of oxprenolol.We recently gave oxprenolol intravenously (0.1 and 0-2 mg/kg body weight) and orally (40 and 80 mg) to six normal volunteers under double-blind conditions in an investi- gation to determine whether it influenced central nervous activity at these doses.No significant changes were found in critical flicker frequency, hand-eye co-ordination, or serial subtraction, nor did the resting heart rate after intravenous oxprenolol differ from that after a placebo.After oral oxprenolol, however, there was a significant, doserelated reduction in resting heart rate (P < 0-05), most marked at four hours.A possible explanation of these observations could be the formation of a metabolite after oral administration which has a potent /-receptor blocking action without the intrinsic activity possessed by the parent compound.-Weare, etc.,
Histopathology of the Skin
Authors: Elson B. Helwig
Journal: JAMA (1967)

Just as preceding editions of this book have proved to be of substantial diagnostic aid to histopathologists and particularly to those not primarily concerned with dermatopathology, the fourth and latest edition should not be an exception. Its length is increased by 141 pages to 794, but—agreeably for the user— it still remains a book of manageable size. Even so, most of the significant lesions, the common as well as the unusual, are covered. New references have been added. The format of the chapters and sections is excellent, and the headings are clear and concise. The style is didactic and to the point, with a tendency to emphasize the primary pathologic changes and avoid the variations. The specialist in dermal pathology probably would like a broader and deeper discussion. In the fourth edition, about 40 diseases not mentioned in the third are described, and several entities are assigned to other chapters
Infection and Lymphoma
Authors: Richard Ambinder
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2003)

The persistence of the eponyms "Hodgkin" and "Reed–Sternberg" and the noncommittal descriptor "disease" underscores the uncertainties long associated with the multinucleated giant cells that Sternberg believed to be a manifestation of infection and Reed believed to be malignant. In fact, it is now clear that several infections are closely linked with lymphomagenesis. These include Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) in a variety of lymphoproliferative diseases, human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) in adult T-cell leukemia–lymphoma, Helicobacter pylori in gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid-tissue lymphoma, and hepatitis C virus in splenic lymphoma with villous lymphocytes.Broadly speaking, the infectious agents associated with lymphoma fall . . .
Contribution of highly sensitive diagnostic methods to the diagnosis of systemic mastocytosis in the absence of skin lesions
Authors: I. Alvarez‐Twose, A. Matito, L. Sánchez‐Muñoz, J. M. Morgado, A. Orfao, L. Escribano, J. J. van Doormaal, E. van der Veer, P. C. van Voorst Vader, P. M. Kluin, A. B. Mulder, S. van der Heide, S. Arends, J. C. Kluin‐Nelemans, J. N. G. Oude Elberink, J. G. R. de Monchy
Journal: Allergy (2012)
Intestinal transit in healthy southern Indian subjects and in patients with tropical sprue.
Authors: V Jayanthi, A Chacko, I K Gani, V I Mathan
Journal: Gut (1989)

Whole gut transit was measured in a group of 21 healthy volunteers and 21 patients with tropical sprue by radio-opaque marker technique, using mean transit time single (MTTS) and single stool transit (SST) method. Mean SST in controls was 25.8 (1.4) (SE) hours, which is considerably shorter than in controls in temperate zones. Mean SST (23.7 (0.6) h) correlated significantly with average MTTS (24.9 (1.6) h) (r = 0.88; p less than 0.001) confirming that SST is a valid method to measure intestinal transit in the tropics. Patients with tropical sprue had a mean SST similar to controls (24.4 (1.1) h), in spite of significantly higher faecal weights (580 (41.2) g v 252 (17.2) g; p less than 0.001).
Hemoglobin: Its Precursors and Metabolites
Authors: Frederick Stohlman
Journal: JAMA (1964)

ABSTRACT This book presents the edited proceedings of an applied seminar on the clinical pathology of hemoglobin. The editors point out that topics are selected  acquaint clinical scientists with rapid advances in knowledge of hemoglobin metabolism within the past five years. The major criticism of this reviewer is that the editors have been a bit too ambitious in their project and have attempted to cover too much ground within a relatively small volume. Of necessity, then, many chapters suffer from a superficial approach to the topic.Within 351 pages there are 44 chapters arranged in six sections— hemoglobin, iron, porphyrins, folic acid and B12, bile pigments, and erythrocyte production and destruction. Clinical, pathophysiological, and technical aspects of the subject are considered. Many of the chapters deal with subjects which are at best tangentially related to hemoglobin metabolism, eg, methods for measurement of folic acid, glucose-6 phosphate dehydrogenase activity, the
Impact of Age on Perioperative Complications and Length of Stay in Patients Undergoing Noncardiac Surgery
Authors: Carísi A. Polanczyk, Edward Marcantonio, Lee Goldman, Luis E.P. Rohde, John Orav, Carol M. Mangione, Thomas H. Lee
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2001)

Background: Major surgical procedures are performed with increasing frequency in elderly persons, but the impact of age on resource use and outcomes is uncertain. Objective: To evaluate the influence of age on perioperative cardiac and noncardiac complications and length of stay in patients undergoing noncardiac surgery. Design: Prospective cohort study. Setting: Urban academic medical center. Patients: Consecutive sample of 4315 patients 50 years of age or older who underwent nonemergent major noncardiac procedures. Measurements: Major perioperative complications (cardiac and noncardiac), in-hospital mortality, and length of stay. Results: Major perioperative complications occurred in 4.3% (44 of 1015) of patients 59 years of age or younger, 5.7% (93 of 1646) of patients 60 to 69 years of age, 9.6% (129 of 1341) of patients 70 to 79 years of age, and 12.5% (39 of 313) of patients 80 years of age or older (P < 0.001). In-hospital mortality was significantly higher in patients 80 years of age or older than in those younger than 80 years of age (0.7% vs. 2.6%, respectively). Multivariate analyses indicated an increased odds ratio for perioperative complications or in-hospital mortality in patients 70 to 79 years of age (1.8 [95% CI, 1.2 to 2.7]) and those 80 years of age or older (OR, 2.1 [CI, 1.2 to 3.6]) compared with patients 50 to 59 years of age. Patients 80 years of age or older stayed an average of 1 day more in the hospital, after adjustment for other clinical data (P = 0.001). Conclusions: Elderly patients had a higher rate of major perioperative complications and mortality after noncardiac surgery and a longer length of stay, but even in patients 80 years of age or older, mortality was low.
Is the biology of breast cancer changing? A study of hormone receptor status and grade of breast cancers 1984-1986 and 1996-97.
Authors: SB Brown, EA Mallon, J Edwards, LM McGlynn, FM Campbell, CG Timothy
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Abstract #3088 Introduction: There has been a significant improvement in breast cancer survival in the UK in recent decades. Changes in the molecular epidemiology of breast cancers may have contributed to this, but the existing evidence may be confounded by heterogeneity of laboratory protocols. This study aimed to re-analyse the molecular profile of breast cancers from two different time periods using archived tissue. Methods: Archived tumour samples from all breast cancer patients at two Glasgow hospitals between 1984-86 and 1996-97 were sought, and linked to clinicopathologic, screening, demographic and survival data. Patients in the 1984-6 cohort would not have been offered mammographic screening but those in 1996-97 would have. Samples were placed in tissue microarrays and underwent immunohistochemistry for ER, PR and Her-2 status with strict standardisation. H&amp;E sections were constructed to assess tumour grade. Statistical analysis included Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and Cox's regression. Results: 900 tumour samples underwent staining. In 1984-86, 8% of tumours were grade 1 and 42.9% grade 3 but in 1996-97 14.9% were grade 1 and 36.8% grade 3 (p=0.009). This effect appeared to be exerted by the presence of screen detected tumours in 1996-97 (p for difference in grade distribution between symptomatic patients between 1984-86 and 1996-97 = 2). In 1984-86 64.2% of tumours were ER positive and in 1996-97 71.5% were ER positive (p=0.042). This did not appear to be a function of the screening programme as there was a significant rise in ER positivity in symptomatic patients between the two cohorts (p=0.024). 44.9% of tumours in 1984-86 and 49.9% of tumours in 1996-97 were PR positive (p=0.181). 21.5% of tumours in 1984-86 and 20.6% of tumours in 1996-97 were Her-2 positive (p=0.772). 5-year survival in 1984-1986 patients was significantly lower than in 1996-1997 patients (p&amp;lt;0.001). When the effect of cohort on survival was adjusted for these changes in ER status and grade, cohort remained a significant independent factor. Conclusions: This study suggests a small but significant rise has occurred in the incidence of ER positive tumours in women in Glasgow. There has also been a shift in grade distribution of tumours, which is likely to be an effect of the NHS screening programme. The changes do not fully explain improvements in breast cancer survival but should be borne in mind when applying the results of clinical trials performed in the past to the women of today. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(2 Suppl):Abstract nr 3088.
Age-Specific Incidence Rates of Venous Thromboembolism among Heterozygous Carriers of Factor V Leiden Mutation
Authors: Paul M. Ridker
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1997)

Background: Previous reports suggest that younger carriers of the factor V Leiden mutation are at greater risk for venous thromboembolism than are older carriers. However, available data on thromboembolic risk are limited. Objective: To determine age-specific incidence rates of venous thromboembolism associated with the factor V Leiden mutation. Design: Prospective cohort study. Patients: 14 916 initially healthy men participating in the Physicians' Health Study who were followed from 1982 to August 1994 for the occurrence of deep venous thrombosis or pulmonary embolism. Measurements: Polymerase chain reaction was used to determine factor V Leiden mutation status in 156 study participants who developed venous thromboembolism during follow-up and in 2406 study participants who remained free of vascular disease. Results: Risks for venous thromboembolism in heterozygous carriers of factor V Leiden mutation increased with age at a rate significantly greater than that in noncarriers. Whereas incidence rates of venous thromboembolism were similar in men with and men without the factor V Leiden mutation who were younger than 50 years of age, incidence rate differences (per 1000 person-years of observation) between affected and unaffected men increased significantly from 1.23 (95% CI, −0.4 to 2.9) for those aged 50 to 59 years to 1.61 (CI, −0.5 to 3.7) for those aged 60 to 69 years of age to 5.97 (CI, 0.6 to 11.3) for those aged 70 years or older (P for trend = 0.008). For idiopathic venous thromboembolism, age-specific incidence rate differences between men with and without the factor V Leiden mutation increased significantly with age (P = 0.017). However, no significant relation was found for secondary events (P > 0.2). Conclusions: The findings support the hypothesis that the pathogenesis of venous thromboembolism involves acquired as well as genetic risk factors and indicate that determination of factor V Leiden mutation status should not be limited to young patients.
Time for a Culture Change?
Authors: Richard Platt
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2011)

Health care–associated infections are important, often preventable, causes of poor outcomes and unnecessary costs of medical care.1 To address this public health problem, professional societies, quality-improvement organizations, accrediting bodies, and federal advisory committees and agencies have issued guidelines and recommendations aimed at preventing these infections.2 Many states have legislated specific prevention measures, and the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services withholds payment for costs associated with certain infections.3 Nonetheless, important gaps exist in our knowledge of the effectiveness of many recommended or mandated prevention methods.Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a poster child for this problem, because of the illness . . .
Renal Papillary Necrosis Caused by Long-term Ingestion of Pentazocine and Aspirin
Authors: Khalid K. Muhalwas
Journal: JAMA (1981)

THERE is increasing awareness that long-term abuse of various analgesic agents is a major factor in the pathogenesis of renal papillary necrosis (RPN), which is an important cause of renal dysfunction. We describe a patient who experienced RPN while taking large doses of pentazocine in association with aspirin. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 49-year-old white man was admitted to the Long Beach (Calif) Veterans Administration Medical Center in October 1978 with a two-day history of lower abdominal pain radiating to both flanks. The pain was partially relieved by position change and was associated with nausea and vomiting. The only other symptom was passage of tissue via the urethra. A similar episode had occurred in August 1978. An excretory urogram obtained in April 1978 for evaluation of weight loss was normal. History included chronic alcoholism with hepatic cirrhosis, chronic pancreatitis, chemical diabetes mellitus, and cholelithiasis. He had been taking aspirin (1.8
The Medical Management of AIDS
Authors: Jerry D. Smilack
Journal: JAMA (1993)

<i>The Medical Management of AIDS</i>, an expanded record of topics presented at the December 1991 annual update offered by the University of California, San Francisco, School of Medicine, provides readers with state-of-the-art reviews on nearly every human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) topic of interest to clinicians. Clearly, this disease that can touch any segment of the population also affects all branches of medicine. No physician—pediatrician, gynecologist, pathologist, radiologist, or neurosurgeon—can any longer ignore HIV infection as it relates to his or her specialty. "Clearly, this disease that can touch any segment of the population also affects all branches of medicine." In this book, both generalist and specialist can find timely, thorough discussions of HIV epidemiology and testing, diverse clinical manifestations of infection, and in-depth treatment recommendations. Excellent chapters on dermatologic and oral manifestations of infection, drug interactions and toxicities, and malignancies associated with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) offer insights infrequently