tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Growth Factor Upregulation during Obliterative Bronchiolitis in the Mouse Model
Authors: Robert M. Aris, Sean Walsh, Worakij Chalermskulrat, Vasantha Hathwar, Isabel P. Neuringer
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2002)

Obliterative bronchiolitis (OB), or chronic allograft rejection, is a major cause of morbidity and mortality after lung transplantation. The goal of these experiments was to determine whether several important growth factors were upregulated during OB in the mouse heterotopic trachea model. Isografts (BALB/c into BALB/c) and allografts (BALB/c into C57BL/6) were implanted in three sets of cyclosporine-treated animals and were harvested from 2 to 10 weeks. Ribonucleic acid was isolated using the cesium chloride-guanidine method and was reverse transcribed and semiquantitated with the polymerase chain reaction using specific primers for platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-A and PDGF-B chains, fibroblast growth factor (FGF) isoforms 1 and 2, transforming growth factor-β, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), edothelin-1, (prepro) epidermal growth factor, insulin-like growth factor-1, and β-actin as a control. Transforming growth factor-β, TNF-α, endothelin-1, and insulin-like growth factor-1 expression were increased 1.5-fold to 5.0-fold (p ⩽ 0.04 for each) in the allografts compared with the isografts at Weeks 2 through 6. Significantly increased expression of FGF-1, FGF-2, and PDGF-B was noted in the allografts at 4 weeks (p < 0.05 for each), which reversed at 6 and 10 weeks. No differences were found with the PDGF-A chain. The isografts expressed more epidermal growth factor than allografts (p < 0.001). Treatment with a TNF-α–soluble receptor (human TNFR:Fc) significantly reduced epithelial injury (p = 0.01) and lumenal obstruction (p = 0.037) in this model. We conclude that increased expression of a large number of growth factors occurs during OB in this model. Growth factor blockade (in particular with regard to TNF-α) may be useful in ameliorating OB in this model.
Viral Diseases as Hospital-Acquired Infections.
Authors: John D. Millar
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1964)

s1 October 1964Viral Diseases as Hospital-Acquired Infections.John D. Millar, M.D.John D. Millar, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-61-4-809_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptDespite intensive recent interest in hospital-acquired bacterial infections, there has been much less interest in hospital-acquired viral illnesses. Hospital related outbreaks or instances of disease transmission in the hospital situation have been described for poliomyelitis, enteroviruses of the Coxsackie and ECHO type, herpes and vaccinia viruses, as well as respiratory syncytial virus. In many of these situations, the infections were of little clinical importance.There are two disease whose epidemiologic patterns mark them as peculiarly hospital-acquired. The first, serum hepatitis, is related primarily to the receipt of blood and blood products, almost all of which are administered in hospitals. In... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Atlanta, Ga. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 October 1964Volume 61, Issue 4Page: 809-809KeywordsBloodEpidemiologyHepatitisInfectious diseasesPoliomyelitisPulmonary diseasesRespiratory syncytial virusViral diseases Issue Published: 1 October 1964 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Editorial: Detoxification of methadone patients, and public policy
Authors: V. P. Dole
Journal: JAMA (1973)

Narcotics addiction, until a few years ago, was not regarded by most physicians as a serious medical problem. Little was said on the subject when most of us were in medical school and in residency training except for warnings that addicts must be watched carefully whenever we might be obliged to treat them for complications. Addiction was seen as a bizarre symptom of mental disease that might be of some interest to psychiatrists, but for the most part best left to prison hospitals and law enforcement agencies. Since the advent of methadone hydrochloride maintenance treatment (and especially with the rapid expansion of programs in the past two years), medical participation has increased substantially. Approximately 73,000 patients, of whom one half are in the area of New York City, are now being maintained with methadone under medical supervision. At the Fifth National Conference on Methadone Treatment, held this past spring in
More on Patients with Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillators
Authors: Sergio L. Pinski
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1995)

Letters1 December 1995More on Patients with Implantable Cardioverter-DefibrillatorsSergio L. Pinski, MD and Richard G. Trohman, MDSergio L. Pinski, MDCleveland Clinic Foundation; Cleveland, OH 44195Search for more papers by this author and Richard G. Trohman, MDCleveland Clinic Foundation; Cleveland, OH 44195Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-123-11-199512010-00022 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSE:We appreciate the comments of Embil and Geddes. Return to work after implantable cardioverter-defibrillator implantation is potentially complicated by several issues, including lead stability, driving, operating machinery when syncope might result in serious injury or death, and effects of electromagnetic interference.Endocardial leads are infrequently dislodged after nonthoracotomy implantation of the defibrillator [1]. Although most dislodgments are detected before hospital discharge, optimal lead fixation requires several weeks. We recommend that patients avoid lifting more than 30 pounds and other vigorous arm movements for 6 weeks after lead placement.Many physicians permit driving about 6 or 7 months after ...References1. Fahy GJ, Kleman JM, Wilkoff BL, Morant VA, Pinski SL. Low incidence of lead-related complications associated with nonthoracotomy implantable cardioverter-defibrillator systems. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 1995; 18:172-8. Google Scholar2. Strickberger SA, Cantillon CO, Friedman PL. When should patients with lethal ventricular arrhythmia resume driving? An analysis of state regulations and physicians practices. Ann Intern Med. 1991; 115:560-3. Google Scholar3. Curtis AB, Conti JB, Tucker KJ, Kubilis PS, Reilly RE, Woodard DA. Motor vehicle accidents in patients with an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1995; 26:180-4. Google Scholar4. Bonnet CA, Elson JJ, Fogoros RN. Accidental deactivation of the automatic implantable cardioverter-defibrillator. Am Heart J. 1990; 120:696-7. Google Scholar5. Embil JM, Geddes JS, Foster D, Sandeman J. Return to arc welding following defibrillator implantation. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 1993; 16:2313-8. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Sergio L. Pinski, MD; Richard G. Trohman, MDAffiliations: Cleveland Clinic Foundation; Cleveland, OH 44195 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byImplantable Defibrillators, Pacemakers, and Electronic Antitheft Devices 1 December 1995Volume 123, Issue 11Page: 893KeywordsArrhythmiaHemodynamicsImplantable cardioverter defibrillatorsLegislationLoss of consciousnessSafety equipmentSyncope ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 1 December 1995 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1995 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Utility of serum thymus and activation-regulated chemokine as a biomarker for monitoring of atopic dermatitis severity
Authors: Janneke Landheer, Marjolein de Bruin-Weller, Chantal Boonacker, DirkJan Hijnen, Carla Bruijnzeel-Koomen, Heike Röckmann
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2014)
Epidemiologic evidence of cardiovascular effects of particulate air pollution.
Authors: D W Dockery
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2001)

In the past decade researchers have developed a body of epidemiologic evidence showing increased daily cardiovascular mortality and morbidity associated with acute exposures to particulate air pollution. Associations have been found not only with cardiovascular deaths reported on death certificates but also with myocardial infarctions and ventricular fibrillation. Particulate air pollution exposure has been associated with indicators of autonomic function of the heart including increased heart rate, decreased heart rate variability, and increased cardiac arrhythmias. Several markers of increased risk for sudden cardiac death have also been associated with such exposures. These epidemiologic studies provide early guidance to possible pathways of particulate air pollution health effects, which can only be addressed fully in toxicologic and physiologic studies.
Carcinogenic, teratogenic, and mutagenic effects of arsenic.
Authors: V Bencko
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1977)

This review outlines briefly the history and present status of the problem of carcinogenic, teratogenic and mutagenic effects of arsenic. Discrepancies between clinical observations and positive results of epidemiological studies and the experimental induction of cancer by arsenic are discussed. The present knowledge of the mechanism of teratogenic and mutagenic effects of arsenic is analyzed. The growing importance of arsenic as an environmental pollutant is demonstrated. Continuation of throughly organized epidemiological studies in regions with excessive arsenic exposure of the population and standardization of an epidemiological approach to this problem on an international basis are recommended. New approaches in experimental studies of the carcinogenicity of arsenic in combination with other known or suspected carcinogens are recommended as well.
Elevated glucose impairs endothelium-dependent relaxation by activating protein kinase C.
Authors: B Tesfamariam, M L Brown, R A Cohen
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1991)

A possible relationship between protein kinase C activation and impaired receptor-mediated endothelium-dependent relaxation in diabetes mellitus was examined in isolated aorta from normal rabbit exposed to elevated glucose. Aorta treated for 10 min with 4-phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), a protein kinase C activator, showed decreased relaxations to the endothelium-dependent vasodilator, acetylcholine, similar to normal aorta exposed to elevated glucose (22 and 44 mM) for 6 h. Relaxations to the receptor-independent endothelium-dependent vasodilator, A23187, and those caused by the direct smooth muscle vasodilator, sodium nitroprusside, were unaffected by treatment with PMA or exposure to elevated glucose. Indomethacin increased relaxations to acetylcholine of aorta treated with PMA indicating a role for vasoconstrictor prostanoids. PMA caused a significant increase in basal and acetylcholine-stimulated release of vasoconstrictor prostanoids including thromboxane A2 from aortic segments with, but not without endothelium. Protein kinase C inhibitors, H-7 or sphingosine, restored the abnormal acetylcholine-induced relaxations as well as suppressed the abnormal release of prostanoids in aorta exposed to elevated glucose. These findings suggest that the dysfunction of receptor-mediated endothelium-dependent relaxation associated with exposure to elevated glucose is due to increased production of vasoconstrictor prostanoids by the endothelium as a consequence of protein kinase C activation.
The Treatment of Severe Hypertension
Authors: M. L. Rosenheim
Journal: BMJ (1954)

LECTURE IOf recent years two Oliver-Sharpey lecturers have de- voted themselves to the subject of hypertension.In 1943 George Pickering reviewed the circulation in hypertension, while last year Clifford Wilson (1953) discussed renal factors in its production.Both have done much to elucidate the cause and nature of hyper- tension, and the advances in our knowledge of physio- pathology have been, to some extent at least, applied to therapy.A review of the present methods of treat- ment of severe hypertension may therefore not be out of place.I shall start with a case history.Case 1.-The patient, a young woman, was quite fit when, in 1942, at the age of 18, she joined the Forces.Her past FIG.1.-Intravenous pyelogram in Case 1, showing large left kidney with small, deformed, but functioning right kidney.history was uneventful and there was no family history of hypertension.In 1944 she began to have severe mornidg headaches and to vomit, and, shortly after, she was admitted to hospital in a series of epileptiform fits.Her blood pres- sure was about 200/140 mm.Hg, and at that time her optic disks were sharp.She was unconscious for four days, and upon recovery her blood pressure remained raised.Renal function was good.A few months later she was seen by Professor (now Sir) Arthur Ellis, who noted bilateral papilloedema, macular stars, and haemorrhages.At his suggestion an intravenous pyelogram was done, and this showed a normal left kidney, while the right was small but functioning.Invalided from the Forces, she married, and in August, 1945, * The Oliver-Sharpey Lectures delivered at the Royal College of Physicians of London on March 16 and 18, 1954.Many lessons can be learnt from this case; the out- standing one is the complete reversal of the train of events which we usually associate with severe hypertension and which have, in the past, been considered irreversible.There was first a spontaneous remission of the malignant features, and then the persistent grossly raised pressure was cured by nephrectomy.The hypertensive process was severe enough to lead to foetal death in three, and perhaps four, successive pregnancies, and no better demonstration of cure could be given than the subsequent occurrence of completely normal pregnancies.489&
THE SILENT PROSTATE
Authors: JAMES A. GARDNER
Journal: JAMA (1918)

The seriousness of prostatic obstruction in old men has long been recognized by the profession. The education of the public with regard to the neglect of this condition has made rapid strides during recent years. If the insidious growth of the obstruction interferes with the bladder outlet, it causes residual urine. The onset is so very gradual that the symptoms vary. According to Kidd,<sup>1</sup>the onset may be divided into three clinical types. He sets these forth in such a concise form that I wish to use his classification: <h3>1. The Irritable Bladder Type.</h3> —A man between 50 and 60, who develops an irritability of the bladder, finds it necessary to get up at night. This frequency increases until he notices that he is also voiding frequently during the day time. He finds that when the call for urination comes it is necessary to find a convenient place quickly.
EUTHANASIA—A MEDICOLEGAL STUDY.
Authors: LOUIS J. ROSENBERG
Journal: JAMA (1901)

The last moments of our earthly career, the moments of transition from life to death, present a solemn and direful spectacle. To employ means to keep the dying individual a little longer on life's shore, or to hasten his "shuffling off this mortal coil," is a question which frequently confronts the physician. We are aware that death does not always come gently, "as light winds, wandering through groves of bloom, detach the delicate blossoms from the tree." Most men die from violence or disease; euthanasia is a rarity. Indeed, it is so rare that the afflictions of only a few organs or structures may bring about this kind of dissolution. We refer to organic cardiac diseases and cerebral apoplexy. The term "euthanasia" has been variously defined, and is still a word of considerable controversy; so much so that "euphoria" was taken to be its synonym, and in a measure, perhaps,
<i>Tropheryma whipplei</i>Circulating in Blood Monocytes
Authors: Didier Raoult, Hubert Lepidi, Jean Robert Harle
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2001)

To the Editor: Whipple's disease is an infection that affects primarily the intestine, but some cases involve the heart valve, the peripheral lymph nodes, the joints, and the central nervous system.1 Recently, the establishment of Tropheryma whipplei (formerly T. whippelii, the causative agent of Whipple's disease)2 in culture allowed the generation of antibodies against the bacterium3 that we used for immunostaining the valve2 or duodenal specimen3 of infected patients. Here, we report the immunodetection of T. whipplei in the circulating monocytes of a patient with untreated Whipple's disease. A 70-year-old man was hospitalized in December 2000 for fatigue, weight loss, . . .
Importance of Detecting Rapid Changes in Blood Catechol Amine Levels in the Diagnosis of Pheochromocytoma
Authors: Fritz W. Reutter, M. Sheref Zileli, James T. Hamlin, George W. Thorn, Dale G. Friend
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1957)

IN recent years, the diagnosis of pheochromocytoma has been made with increasing frequency, partly because of a better understanding of the syndrome and partly because more precise and more specific pharmacologic and laboratory tests are available.When there is a characteristic clinical history combined with a positive histamine or phentolamine (Regitine) test, the diagnosis is made with a fair degree of accuracy. The most accurate, specific and direct test, however, for a functioning pheochromocytoma is measurement of increased levels of the catechol amines, nor-epinephrine or epinephrine (or both), in urine or blood. It must be understood, however, that high catechol . . .
Liver gene expression during chronic dietary iron overload in rats
Authors: Antonello Pietrangelo, Emilio Rocchi, Luisa Schiaffonati, Ezio Ventura, Gaetano Cairo
Journal: Hepatology (1990)

To clarify the pathogenesis of hepatic iron toxicity, we investigated the effect of chronic dietary iron overload on the expression of several genes in rat liver. After 10 wk of iron treatment, when only minor histological features of liver damage were appreciable, the level of pro–α 2 (I)–collagen mRNA was already higher than in control liver and increased further at 30 wk of treatment. Also, the relative amount of L ferritin subunit mRNA was enhanced early by iron load and was even more elevated at the latest time point considered, whereas neither H ferritin subunit nor transferrin mRNA levels were affected by iron treatment. In contrast, after chronic iron treatment, no variations were found in the steady–state level of mRNAs transcribed from liver–specific and preferentially expressed genes (albumin, α–fetoprotein, apolipoprotein A–1), growth–related genes (c–myc, c–Ha–ras and c–fos) and stress–induced genes (heat shock protein 70). These results suggest that chronic dietary iron overload in rats can specifically activate target genes in the liver (i. e., L ferritin and procollagen) in the absence of either histological signs of severe liver damage or alterations in differentiated liver functions.(HEPATOLOGY 1990; 11:798–804.)
Insulin Resistance and Arteriosclerosis Obliterans in Patients With NIDDM
Authors: Kazunari Matsumoto, Seibei Miyake, Mayumi Yano, Yukitaka Ueki, Yoshihiko Yamaguchi, Shoichi Akazawa, Yuko Tominaga
Journal: Diabetes Care (1997)

OBJECTIVE To investigate the risk factors for arteriosclerosis obliterans (ASO) in NIDDM, we measured insulin sensitivity and other risk factors including lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] in NIDDM patients with and without ASO. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A case-control study in 100 patients with NIDDM, 35 with and 65 without ASO, was performed. Insulin sensitivity was assessed by the short insulin tolerance test's K index (KITT). Duration of diabetes, a history of smoking, prevalence of hypertension, prevalence of coronary artery disease (CAD), serum C-peptide, 24-h urinary C-peptide, serum lipids, and Lp(a) were compared in the two groups. RESULTS Age, BMI, HbA1c, and fasting plasma glucose were comparable in the two groups. Patients with ASO were significantly more insulin resistant than patients without ASO (KITT 2.16 ± 0.16 vs. 3.00 ± 0.13%/min, P &amp;lt; 0.0001, respectively), had a longer duration of diabetes (10.3 ± 1.2 vs. 7.5 ± 0.8 years, P &amp;lt; 0.05), included a greater number of smokers (68.6 vs. 40.0%, P &amp;lt; 0.01), had a higher prevalence of CAD (60.0 vs. 16.9%, P &amp;lt; 0.01), and had a greater percentage of insulin therapy (48.6 vs. 29.2%, P &amp;lt; 0.05). However, urinary and serum C-peptide levels, serum lipids, and Lp(a) levels were comparable in the two groups. Multiple logistic regression analysis indicated that a history of smoking (odds ratio 3.70, P = 0.011), insulin resistance (odds ratio 3.68, P &amp;lt; 0.001), and an elevated Lp(a) level (odds ratio 1.03, P = 0.020) were independently related to ASO. When patients with CAD were removed from the logistic regression analysis, insulin resistance was most strongly related to ASO (odds ratio 20.9, P &amp;lt; 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Patients with ASO were characterized by a higher prevalence of CAD, a greater percentage of smokers, a greater percentage of insulin therapy, and a higher insulin resistance than were patients without ASO. Insulin resistance, especially, may be the most powerfully related to ASO. Lp(a) may play a minor role in the development of ASO.
Role of somatostatin and somatostatin analogues in the treatment of gastrointestinal diseases: prevention of complications after pancreatic surgery.
Authors: C Bassi, M Falconi, P Pederzoli
Journal: Gut (1994)

Morbidity and mortality related to pancreatic surgery are still high: 30-40% and 3-10% respectively. As most complications are probably related to exocrine pancreatic secretion, its inhibition could improve the postoperative course. In 1979, Klempa saw a low complication rate after Whipple resection in a small number of patients treated with somatostatin, a powerful inhibitor of pancreatic exocrine secretion. The long acting somatostatin analogue, octreotide, also inhibits pancreatic exocrine secretion and can be given by subcutaneous injections. Two double blind, placebo controlled, multicentre studies with randomisation into parallel groups were recently performed to find out if peri and postoperative administration of octreotide (100 micrograms thrice daily subcutaneously) reduces the rate of complications specifically related to pancreatic surgery. Both trials consistently showed that octreotide can reduce substantially (over 40%) the risk of complications in these patients; the treatment acceptability was good.