tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Sharing and Reporting the Results of Clinical Trials
Authors: Kathy L. Hudson, Francis S. Collins
Journal: JAMA (2014)

The principle of data sharing dates to the dawn of scientific discovery-it is how researchers from different disciplines and countries form collaborations, learn from others, identify new scientific opportunities, and work to turn newly discovered information into shared knowledge and practical advances.When research involves human volunteers who agree to participate in clinical trials to test new drugs, devices, or other interventions, this principle of data sharing properly assumes the role of an ethical mandate.These participants are often informed that such research might not benefit them directly, but may affect the lives of others.If the clinical research community fails to share what is learned, allowing data to remain unpublished or unreported, researchers are reneging on the promise to clinical trial participants, are wasting time and resources, and are jeopardizing public trust.
THE CORRELATION OF UNIVERSITY RESEARCH
Authors: T. B. HOLLOWAY
Journal: JAMA (1930)

There has been some criticism of the medical profession during the past twenty-five years for its tendency toward specialization; no comments are needed here as to why this has occurred. In this respect, medicine does not differ from engineering, chemistry, and to some extent the law. As far as the physical welfare of the patient is concerned, there is no doubt in my mind that it is better protected by specialization, especially with the increased efficiency in correlation. In my opinion, conditions could be still further enhanced by better bridging of the gap between the clinician and the research worker, and the much wider expanse that seems to exist in research between various special departments in our universities. Today I expect to take full advantage of the prerogatives of the Chair to present a few thoughts that have interested me for a number of years and which were formulated and recorded
Postpolio syndrome—“We aren't dead yet”
Authors: Ruth Bridgens
Journal: BMJ (2005)

deterioration does not necessarily progress once it has occurred.Fatigue and reduced mobility may often progress only slowly or stabilise.The prognosis will also depend on the nature of any underlying cause for the functional deterioration. 25 ConclusionsAlthough some patients who have had poliomyelitis may later develop wasting, pain, and fatigue in isolation, in most there is significant underlying weakness and skeletal deformity predisposing to functional deterioration.The severe physical stresses of postpolio disability contribute to the development of progressive orthopaedic, respiratory, neurological, and general medical abnormalities, often exacerbated by intercurrent events.These abnormalities may present with atypical clinical features because of the extent of underlying atrophy and weakness, but many are potentially treatable and most patients can be helped to understand and manage increasing disability.It is essential to emphasise that the symptoms, disabilities, and impairments of postpolio functional deterioration are often amenable to treatment.It is also important to urge caution before attributing functional deterioration to a primary "postpolio syndrome" or "progressive postpolio muscular atrophy."Post-Polio Health International (www.post-polio.org)importantUS organisation providing regular information about research, aetiology, and management of postpolio disability Lincolnshire Post-Polio Network (www.ott.zynet.co.uk/ polio/lincolnshire/)-extremely helpful resource centre established by a UK regional group with valuable and accurate links to relevant articles and clinical and research sites
Vagotomy for Duodenal Ulcer
Authors: John R. Brooks, Francis D. Moore
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1953)

IF one could accept completely the time-honored physiologic concepts of gastric secretion and the equally respected "acid-pepsin" theory of the etiology of peptic ulcer, one would be in a position to eradicate duodenal ulcer by surgical measures. One would control the cephalic phase of secretion very neatly by severing the vagus nerves and manage the digestive or humoral phase of secretion by removing the antrum and pyloric ring. The intestinal phase and any other gastric-stimulating factor would then be controlled by removal of the body and fundus of the stomach, and the upper small bowel. Possibly, adrenalectomy would be advisable . . .
Multiple Benign Chronic Gastric Ulcers
Authors: Thomas A. Johnson, Herbert L. Hawthorne
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1955)

PREOPERATIVE x-ray demonstration of three distinct, chronic gastric ulcers occurring simultaneously in a patient is unique in our experience. The relative rarity of similar cases in the literature prompted us to report the following 2 cases.Case ReportsCase 1. In November, 1954, a 45-year-old woman was seen with severe epigastric pain of 1 year's duration. The pain usually followed the noon meal and lasted for a variable time, being relieved by the use of Anacin and codeine tablets. Her physician advised her in vain to limit the use of alcohol and highly seasoned foods. The patient admitted no severe . . .
Book Review Paediatric Oncology: Clinical practice and controversies Edited by P.N. Plowman and C.R. Pinkerton. 645 pp., illustrated. New York, Chapman and Hall, 1992. $132.95. ISBN 0–442–31595–3 . (Distributed in the U.S. by Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York.)
Authors: Cynthia S. Kretschmar
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1992)
Improvement in Diabetes Care of Underinsured Patients Enrolled in Project Dulce
Authors: Athena Philis-Tsimikas, Chris Walker, Lisa Rivard, Gregory Talavera, Joachim O.F. Reimann, Michelle Salmon, Rachel Araujo
Journal: Diabetes Care (2004)

OBJECTIVE—To improve clinical diabetes care, patient knowledge, and treatment satisfaction and to reduce health-adverse culture-based beliefs in underserved and underinsured populations with diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—A total of 153 high-risk patients with diabetes recruited from six community clinic sites in San Diego County, California were enrolled in a nurse case management (NCM) and peer education/empowerment group. Baseline and 1-year levels of HbA1c, lipid parameters, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, knowledge of diabetes, culture-based beliefs in ineffective remedies, and treatment satisfaction were prospectively measured. The NCM and peer education/empowerment group was compared with 76 individuals in a matched control group (CG) derived from patients referred but not enrolled in Project Dulce. RESULTS—After 1 year in Project Dulce, the NCM and peer education/empowerment group had significant improvements in HbA1c (12.0–8.3%, P &amp;lt; 0.0001), total cholesterol (5.82–4.86 mmol/l, P &amp;lt; 0.0001), LDL cholesterol (3.39–2.79 mmol/l, P &amp;lt; 0.0001), and diastolic blood pressure (80–76 mmHg, P &amp;lt; 0.009), which were significantly better than in the CG, in which no significant changes were noted. Accepted American Diabetes Association standards of diabetes care, knowledge of diabetes (P = 0.024), treatment satisfaction (P = 0.001), and culture-based beliefs (P = 0.001) were also improved. CONCLUSIONS—A novel, culturally appropriate, community-based, nurse case management/peer education diabetes care model leads to significant improvement in clinical diabetes care, self-awareness, and understanding of diabetes in underinsured populations.
Subpressor angiotensin infusion, renal sodium handling, and salt-induced hypertension in the dog.
Authors: J W DeClue, A C Guyton, A W Cowley, T G Coleman, R A Norman, R E McCaa
Journal: Circulation Research (1978)

We studied the combined effect of subpressor amounts of angiotensin and long-term sodium chloride infusion on arterial pressure in 16 dogs for periods of 2--8 weeks. In dogs receiving 3.5 liters of isotonic NaCl daily, but no angiotensin, the arterial pressure increased an average of only 3 mm Hg. When angiotensin was infused continuously at a rate of 5 ng/kg per min (a rate too small to cause an observable immediate increase in pressure, subsequent infusion of 3.5 liters of saline daily then increased the pressure by 39 mm Hg. The urinary output of sodium increased to the same extent in both instances, that is, there was no extra sodium loss because of the elevated pressure. This suggests that the angiotensin significantly blocked the normal "pressure natriuresis" usually seen with such large increases in pressure. However, the plasma aldosterone levels during angiotensin infusion were not found to be different from those in the absence of angiotensin. Therefore, we have suggested that the tendency of the kidneys to retain sodium under the influence of angiotensin was probably caused mainly by a direct effect of angiotensin on the kidney itself. Such a direct renal sodium-retaining effect also could be a contributing factor in the marked hypertension that results from salt administration in the presence of small amounts of angiotensin.
Placebo-Controlled Phase 3 Study of Oral BG-12 or Glatiramer in Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Robert J. Fox, David H. Miller, J. Theodore Phillips, Michael Hutchinson, Eva Havrdova, Mariko Kita, Minhua Yang, Kartik Raghupathi, Mark Novas, Marianne T. Sweetser, Vissia Viglietta, Katherine T. Dawson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2012)

BG-12 (dimethyl fumarate) is in development as an oral treatment for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis, which is commonly treated with parenteral agents (interferon or glatiramer acetate).In this phase 3, randomized study, we investigated the efficacy and safety of oral BG-12, at a dose of 240 mg two or three times daily, as compared with placebo in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. An active agent, glatiramer acetate, was also included as a reference comparator. The primary end point was the annualized relapse rate over a period of 2 years. The study was not designed to test the superiority or noninferiority of BG-12 versus glatiramer acetate.At 2 years, the annualized relapse rate was significantly lower with twice-daily BG-12 (0.22), thrice-daily BG-12 (0.20), and glatiramer acetate (0.29) than with placebo (0.40) (relative reductions: twice-daily BG-12, 44%, P<0.001; thrice-daily BG-12, 51%, P<0.001; glatiramer acetate, 29%, P=0.01). Reductions in disability progression with twice-daily BG-12, thrice-daily BG-12, and glatiramer acetate versus placebo (21%, 24%, and 7%, respectively) were not significant. As compared with placebo, twice-daily BG-12, thrice-daily BG-12, and glatiramer acetate significantly reduced the numbers of new or enlarging T(2)-weighted hyperintense lesions (all P<0.001) and new T(1)-weighted hypointense lesions (P<0.001, P<0.001, and P=0.002, respectively). In post hoc comparisons of BG-12 versus glatiramer acetate, differences were not significant except for the annualized relapse rate (thrice-daily BG-12), new or enlarging T(2)-weighted hyperintense lesions (both BG-12 doses), and new T(1)-weighted hypointense lesions (thrice-daily BG-12) (nominal P<0.05 for each comparison). Adverse events occurring at a higher incidence with an active treatment than with placebo included flushing and gastrointestinal events (with BG-12) and injection-related events (with glatiramer acetate). There were no malignant neoplasms or opportunistic infections reported with BG-12. Lymphocyte counts decreased with BG-12.In patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis, BG-12 (at both doses) and glatiramer acetate significantly reduced relapse rates and improved neuroradiologic outcomes relative to placebo. (Funded by Biogen Idec; CONFIRM ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00451451.).
Handbook of Materia Medica, Pharmacy, and Therapeutics.
Authors: Samuel Otway Lewis Potter
Journal: JAMA (1890)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) modulates matrix turnover in human glomeruli
Authors: Ciro Esposito, Bina Parrilla, Andreana De Mauri, Flavia Cornacchia, Gianluca Fasoli, Annalisa Foschi, Tiziana Mazzullo, Annarita Plati, Roberta Scudellaro, Antonio Dal Canton
Journal: Kidney International (2005)
Standards for Monitoring During Anesthesia
Authors: E. Bruce Johnson
Journal: JAMA (1987)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I disagree strongly with the views expressed by Dr Peterson.<sup>1</sup>The article on standards for monitoring during anesthesia<sup>2</sup>does<i>not</i>do "a disservice to the practicing anesthesiologist and a service to the legal profession." Lamentably, it is long overdue. Dr Peterson argues against such standards and against one of the most useful monitors in the operating room (the end-tidal carbon dioxide monitor), using three arguments: his experience, the costs involved, and legal fears. He may not have encountered "a case in which the outcome could have been changed by the presence of such a monitor," but, with respect to his experience, if he hasn't used end-tidal carbon dioxide monitoring, on what can he base his opinion or assess outcome? Recent publications<sup>3,4</sup>disclose numerous tragedies that could have been prevented by better quality of care, including, but not limited to, end-tidal carbon dioxide monitoring.
Users and Abusers of Psychiatry: A Critical Look at Traditional Psychiatric Practice
Authors: Lionelle D. Wells
Journal: JAMA (1990)

The title of this book is intriguing because of the complexity of mental health care and treatment. The author is a senior clinical psychologist in the National Health Service of England. The book has two parts, "The Patients" and "The System," with six chapters in each. In the first she makes a strong case for understanding the psychodynamics of patients and the value of psychotherapy in treating them. Her discussions are largely focused on patients who have been hospitalized. She has made an excellent selection of patients to demonstrate psychodynamics and highlight failures of "The System." In reading this part of her book, I could not help but compare the National Health Service system that she describes with psychiatry in the United States and be thankful that I and my patients are here. I was appalled by the lack of understanding of patients and the reliance on hospitalization. She makes
Long-term Care, Globalization, and Justice
Authors: Patrick Fox
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
TCT-682 Long Term Outcomes Of Two Stent Technique For The Treatment Of Complex Coronary Bifurcations In The Drug Eluting Stent (DES) Era – A Comparison Of Three Contemporary Strategies
Authors: Leonard Ngunga, Shantu Bundhoo, Po Kee Cheung, Neil Brass, Raymond Leung, Benjamin Tyrrell, Keysun Ranjbar, Micha Dorsch, William Hui
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Dual Activity Lysophosphatidic Acid Receptor Pan-Antagonist/Autotaxin Inhibitor Reduces Breast Cancer Cell Migration <i>In vitro</i> and Causes Tumor Regression <i>In vivo</i>
Authors: Honglu Zhang, Xiaoyu Xu, Joanna Gajewiak, Ryoko Tsukahara, Yuko Fujiwara, Jianxiong Liu, James I. Fells, Donna Perygin, Abby L. Parrill, Gabor Tigyi, Glenn D. Prestwich
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Signal transduction modifiers that modulate the lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) pathway have potential as anticancer agents. Herein, we describe metabolically stabilized LPA analogues that reduce cell migration and invasion and cause regression of orthotopic breast tumors in vivo. Two diastereoisomeric α-bromophosphonates (BrP-LPA) were synthesized, and the pharmacology was determined for five LPA G protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs). The syn and anti diastereomers of BrP-LPA are pan-LPA GPCR antagonists and are also nanomolar inhibitors of the lysophospholipase D activity of autotaxin, the dominant biosynthetic source of LPA. Computational models correctly predicted the diastereoselectivity of antagonism for three GPCR isoforms. The anti isomer of BrP-LPA was more effective than syn isomer in reducing migration of MDA-MB-231 cells, and the anti isomer was superior in reducing invasion of these cells. Finally, orthotopic breast cancer xenografts were established in nude mice by injection of MB-231 cells in an in situ cross-linkable extracellular matrix. After 2 weeks, mice were treated with the BrP-LPA alone (10 mg/kg), Taxol alone (10 mg/kg), or Taxol followed by BrP-LPA. All treatments significantly reduced tumor burden, and BrP-LPA was superior to Taxol in reducing blood vessel density in tumors. Moreover, both the anti- and syn-BrP-LPA significantly reduced tumors at 3 mg/kg. [Cancer Res 2009;69(13):5441–9]
Effect of the 2014 Atrial Fibrillation Guideline Revisions on the Proportion of Patients Recommended for Oral Anticoagulation
Authors: Emily C. O’Brien, Sunghee Kim, Paul L. Hess, Peter R. Kowey, Gregg C. Fonarow, Jonathan P. Piccini, Eric D. Peterson
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2015)
Left Atrial Appendage
Authors: Luigi Di Biase, J. David Burkhardt, Prasant Mohanty, Javier Sanchez, Sanghamitra Mohanty, Rodney Horton, G. Joseph Gallinghouse, Shane M. Bailey, Jason D. Zagrodzky, Pasquale Santangeli, Steven Hao, Richard Hongo, Salwa Beheiry, Sakis Themistoclakis, Aldo Bonso, Antonio Rossillo, Andrea Corrado, Antonio Raviele, Amin Al-Ahmad, Paul Wang, Jennifer E. Cummings, Robert A. Schweikert, Gemma Pelargonio, Antonio Dello Russo, Michela Casella, Pietro Santarelli, William R. Lewis, Andrea Natale
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Background— Together with pulmonary veins, many extrapulmonary vein areas may be the source of initiation and maintenance of atrial fibrillation. The left atrial appendage (LAA) is an underestimated site of initiation of atrial fibrillation. Here, we report the prevalence of triggers from the LAA and the best strategy for successful ablation. Methods and Results— Nine hundred eighty-seven consecutive patients (29% paroxysmal, 71% nonparoxysmal) undergoing redo catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation were enrolled. Two hundred sixty-six patients (27%) showed firing from the LAA and became the study population. In 86 of 987 patients (8.7%; 5 paroxysmal, 81 nonparoxysmal), the LAA was found to be the only source of arrhythmia with no pulmonary veins or other extrapulmonary vein site reconnection. Ablation was performed either with focal lesion (n=56; group 2) or to achieve LAA isolation by placement of the circular catheter at the ostium of the LAA guided by intracardiac echocardiography (167 patients; group 3). In the remaining patients, LAA firing was not ablated (n=43; group 1). At the 12±3-month follow-up, 32 patients (74%) in group 1 had recurrence compared with 38 (68%) in group 2 and 25 (15%) in group 3 ( P &lt;0.001). Conclusions— The LAA appears to be responsible for arrhythmias in 27% of patients presenting for repeat procedures. Isolation of the LAA could achieve freedom from atrial fibrillation in patients presenting for a repeat procedure when arrhythmias initiating from this structure are demonstrated.
Legionella pneumophila Effector RomA Uniquely Modifies Host Chromatin to Repress Gene Expression and Promote Intracellular Bacterial Replication
Authors: Monica Rolando, Serena Sanulli, Christophe Rusniok, Laura Gomez-Valero, Clement Bertholet, Tobias Sahr, Raphael Margueron, Carmen Buchrieser
Journal: Cell Host & Microbe (2013)
Age-Related Alteration of Pancreatic β-cell Function: Increased proinsulin and proinsulin-to-insulin molar ratio in elderly, but not in obese, subjects without glucose intolerance
Authors: M Shimizu, S Kawazu, S Tomono, T Ohno, T Utsugi, N Kato, C Ishii, Y Ito, K Murata
Journal: Diabetes Care (1996)

OBJECTIVE To determine the secretion of insulin, C-peptide, and proinsulin after oral glucose loading in healthy elderly subjects compared with middle-aged subjects with and without obesity and with NIDDM. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Subjects fell into four groups: nonobese middle-aged normal control subjects (CNT group; n = 38, 40–64 years old); obese normal subjects (OB group; n = 18, 40–64 years old); nonobese NIDDM subjects (NIDDM group; n = 28, 40–64 years old); and nonobese elderly subjects (OL group; n = 17, 65–92 years old). Insulin, C-peptide, and proinsulin were determined by radioimmunoassay in plasma samples taken at 0, 30, 60, and 120 min during a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). RESULTS There were no differences in plasma glucose during the OGTT among the three nondiabetic groups. Hyperinsulinemia was significant in the OB and NIDDM groups but not in the OL group. On the other hand, absolute hyperproinsulinemia was significant in the OL and NIDDM groups compared with the CNT group. Increased proinsulin was rather dominant in the OL group, especially late after glucose loading. Molar ratios of proinsulin to insulin or C-peptide thus were significantly higher in the OL and NIDDM groups. CONCLUSIONS Alteration of pancreatic β-cell function independent of that seen with NIDDM occurred in relation to aging. This may be a predisposing factor to the development of impaired glucose tolerance or NIDDM in elderly subjects, that is, independent of obesity.