tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
More than 200 excess infant deaths a year in England and Wales are associated with multiple births after assisted conception
Authors: Roger Dobson
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Problems associated with multiple births after assisted conception techniques, including in vitro fertilisation, may account for more than 220 perinatal and infant deaths a year in England and Wales, new research indicates.

The United Kingdom urgently needs to move towards single embryo transfers for in vitro fertilisation, conclude the authors of the study, which aimed to quantify the excess number of deaths associated with multiple births after assisted conception ( Br J Obstet Gynaecol 2006;113:738-41).

The chance of a multiple birth after in vitro fertilisation is around 45%, says the report. It adds that multiple birth is largely thought …
Preoperative Pulmonary Function Testing-Reply
Authors: A. Jay Block
Journal: JAMA (1976)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> Dr Frazier has rendered an opinion concerning "who needs pulmonary function studies." I tend to agree with his opinion that the allergic asthmatic child should be studied prior to surgery if at all possible. On the other hand, we never know whether our opinions are correct until some sort of study has been constructed and these opinions prospectively evaluated. To the best of my knowledge, there has been no study of preoperative pulmonary function testing in children. Without such studies, the questions of which abnormalities, how severe they must be, and what sort of operations are affected remain unanswered. This was the main point of my COMMENTARY. Dr Frazier may know who needs pulmonary function testing, but I am not sure that I absolutely know at the present time.
Measles in the tropics.
Authors: X. G. Okojie
Journal: BMJ (1969)

MEDIALSJOUNAL diseminated around the world after that great era of discovery and grows mainly in tropical areas, but rarely in the subtropics, in every section of that part of Africa south of the Sahara and north of the Zambezi and other areas within the tropical belt.It is consumed in these areas as either the chief staple or secondary staple diet or as sup- plementary food.By-products such as starch, adhesives, cosmetics, size for textiles, tapioca, confectionery, and beer and other alcoholic drinks are obtainable from this plant.No soil nutriment or fertilizer is needed for its growth.I have myself seen it flourishing in am, etc.,
Doctors and managers come up with design rules for future NHS reform
Authors: Robert Short
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Doctors and health service managers have produced a blueprint for shaping any further reforms of the NHS, which will ensure that they encapsulate the best clinical practices.

The Joint Medical Consultative Council, which includes representatives of the medical royal colleges, medical schools, and the BMA, has produced a report with the NHS Confederation that sets out rules for successful reform of working practices in the NHS.

The decision to produce the report came about because so many clinicians were unhappy about NHS reforms and …
Psychiatric and Social Factors in the Abortion Decision
Authors: E. Hamill, I. M. Ingram
Journal: BMJ (1974)

A total of 132 consecutive referrals for psychiatric opinion on termination of pregnancy were examined and followed up at nine months. Of these, 48 (36%) were refused and 44 of the 84 terminated were sterilized. Those recommended for abortion tended to be older, married, and to have children. They had used contraception more often and they showed more clinical psychiatric abnormalities. The group had numerous social problems, but these did not distinguish those terminated from those refused, nor were there differences in religious affiliation or duration of pregnancy. Most of those refused obtained an abortion elsewhere and only 25 of the original 132 had a live child. General practitioners were more likely to disagree with a refusal decision than with termination. Psychiatric, physical, and social sequelae were infrequent in both groups. Contraception before and after was inadequate in most patients.
Expression and Function of Proteinase-activated Receptor 2 in Human Bronchial Smooth Muscle
Authors: FABIEN SCHMIDLIN, SILVIA AMADESI, REYNAL VIDIL, MARCELLO TREVISANI, NADINE MARTINET, GEORGE CAUGHEY, MICHELE TOGNETTO, GIORGIO CAVALLESCO, CRISTINA MAPP, PIERANGELO GEPPETTI, NIGEL W. BUNNETT
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2001)

Trypsin and mast cell tryptase cleave proteinase-activated receptor 2 (PAR2) to induce alterations in contraction of airway smooth muscle that have been implicated in asthma in experimental animals. Although tryptase inhibitors are under development for treatment of asthma, little is known about the localization and function of PAR2 in human airways. We detected PAR2 expression in primary cultures of human airway smooth muscle cells using reverse transcriptase/polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunofluorescence. The PAR2 agonists trypsin, tryptase, and an activating peptide (SLIGKV-NH2) stimulated calcium mobilization in these cells. PAR2 agonists strongly desensitized responses to a second challenge of trypsin and SLIGKV-NH2, but not to thrombin, indicating that they activate a receptor distinct from the thrombin receptors. Immunoreactive PAR2 was detected in smooth muscle, epithelium, glands, and endothelium of human bronchi. Trypsin, SLIGKV-NH2, and tryptase stimulated contraction of isolated human bronchi. Contraction was increased by removal of the epithelium and diminished by indomethacin. Thus, PAR2 is expressed by human bronchial smooth muscle where its activation mobilizes intracellular Ca2+ and induces contraction. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that PAR2 agonists, including tryptase, induce bronchoconstriction of human airway by stimulating smooth muscle contraction. PAR2 antagonists may be useful drugs to prevent bronchoconstriction.
Sequential control of Toll-like receptor–dependent responses by IRAK1 and IRAK2
Authors: Tatsukata Kawagoe, Shintaro Sato, Kazufumi Matsushita, Hiroki Kato, Kosuke Matsui, Yutaro Kumagai, Tatsuya Saitoh, Taro Kawai, Osamu Takeuchi, Shizuo Akira
Journal: Nature Immunology (2008)
The phenotype of Darier's disease: penetrance and expressivity in adults and children
Authors: C.S. MUNRO
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1992)

Journal Article The phenotype of Darier's disease: penetrance and expressivity in adults and children Get access C.S. MUNRO C.S. MUNRO Department of Dermatology, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 4LP, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 127, Issue 2, 1 August 1992, Pages 126–130, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1992.tb08044.x Published: 01 August 1992
Current Status and Trends in Laparoscopic Antireflux Surgery: Results of a Consensus Meeting
Authors: K.-H. Fuchs, H. Feussner, L. Bonavina, J. M. Collard, W. Coosemans
Journal: Endoscopy (1997)

Laparoscopic surgery for gastroesophageal reflux disease has replaced the open approach in several institutions, and it is likely to become the "standard" for treatment in the near future. Members of five European surgical centers with extensive experience in pathophysiological research, diagnostic testing, and conventional surgery for esophageal disease met after five years of experience in using laparoscopic antireflux surgery, and established a plan to evaluate the potential for consensus among the centers involved in the surgical management of the disease.
Independence of Review Body
Authors: V. Mansueto
Journal: BMJ (1973)

seen a young mother decerebrated by inappropriate insulin continuation one can never forget it.May I make a second point concerning medical management?In my part of the world we can very frequently manage over- weight pregnant diabetics with on 800-kcal regimen only, with considerable success, even when initial blood glucose levels have been around 300 mg/100 ml.-I am, etc.,
Cardioglobulin
Authors: EDWARD J. LEONARD, T. J. MAXIMIN, STEPHEN HAJDU
Journal: Circulation Research (1968)

Two experimental approaches were made to gain insight into the physiological significance of cardioglobulin. The first was to determine whether Cardioglobulin was localized to a particular organ or tissue, since earlier studies had suggested that the system might function as a regulator of myocardial contractility. By fluorescence localization of antibodies to rat cardioglobulin-C, cardioglobulin-C was found not only on the surface of heart muscle cells, but in other extracellular locations which, broadly speaking, were either cell surfaces or basement membrane. The second phase of the study was measurement of plasma activity of cardioglobulin-A, -B, and -C in human diseases. The previously discovered increased overall activity in patients with elevated left ventricular systolic pressure was due to increased cardioglobulin-A. Decreased activity in patients with idiopathic myocardial failure was due to decreased cardioglobulin-C. Patients with advanced cirrhosis and evidence of impaired protein production also had low cardioglobulin-C. Low plasma cardioglobulin was found in 22 of 24 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Cardioglobulin was normal in all of 17 patients with other connective tissue diseases. The new tissue and clinical findings may provide a clue in the search for the functional significance of this recently discovered protein system.
99mTc-MAG3 Diuretic Renography in Diagnosis of Obstructive Nephropathy in Adults
Authors: Girolamo Tartaglione, Alessandro D’Addessi, Chiara De Waure, Marco Pagan, Marco Raccioppi, Emilio Sacco, Chiara Cadeddu, Matteo Vittori, Pier Francesco Bassi, Alice Ferretti, Adil Al-Nahhas, Domenico Rubello
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2013)

The objective of this study was to compare 2 diuretic renography procedures: F-15 versus F+10(sp) for diagnosis of obstructive uropathy in adults.Thirty-six patients with unilateral or bilateral hydronephrosis had 2 consecutive Tc-MAG3 diuretic renograms within 7 days, using the widely used procedure F-15 in supine position, and a new seated-position procedure whereby the patient drinks 400 to 500 mL of water at 5 minutes and receives an injection of 20 mg of furosemide at 10 minutes [F+10 (sp)].F-15 showed nonobstructive results in 63.9% of kidneys, obstruction in 26.4%, and equivocal findings in 6.9% and was not applicable in 2.8%. F+10(sp) showed nonobstructive results in 70.9%, obstruction in 27.8%, and equivocal result in 1.4% of kidneys. Nephroptosis was observed by F+10(sp) in 22.2% of kidneys. Adverse effects reported for the F-15 were hypotension in 2 patients, renal colic in 3 patients, and interruption due to voiding in 5 patients. No adverse effects were reported for F+10(sp).This study shows that the F+10(sp) procedure reduces the equivocal findings of F-15 procedure in 36 patients. It can improve the accuracy and compliance, avoiding adverse effects and reducing bladder filling-related problems.
Abstract LB-282: Transethnic genome-wide association study of colorectal cancer identifies a new susceptibility locus in VTI1A
Authors: Hansong Wang, Terrilea Burnett, Suminori Kono, Christopher Haiman, Motoki Iwasaki, Lynne Wilkens, Lenora Loo, David Van Den Berg, Laurence Kolonel, Brian Henderson, Temitope Keku, Robert Sandler, Lisa Signorello, William Blot, Polly Newcomb, Mala Pande, Christopher Amos, Dee West, Stéphane Bézieau, Sonja Berndt, Brent Zanke, Li Hsu, Noralane Lindor, Robert Haile, John Hopper, Mark Jenkins, Steven Gallinger, Graham Casey, Stephanie Stenzel, Fredrick Schumacher, Ulrike Peters, Stephen Gruber, Shoichiro Tsugane, Dan Stram, Loic L. Marchand
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract To identify genetic variants that contribute to colorectal cancer (CRC) susceptibility, we performed a meta-analysis of two genome-wide association studies in 2,627 cases and 3,797 controls of Japanese ancestry and 1,894 cases and 4,703 controls of African ancestry, followed by a replication of genome-wide statistically significant associations (P &amp;lt; 5E-8) in 16,823 cases and 18,211 controls of European ancestry. This study revealed a new pan-ethnic CRC risk locus at 10q25 (rs12241008, intronic to VTI1A; P=1.5E-9), providing additional insight into the etiology of CRC and highlighting the value of association mapping in diverse populations. Citation Format: Hansong Wang, Terrilea Burnett, Suminori Kono, Christopher Haiman, Motoki Iwasaki, Lynne Wilkens, Lenora Loo, David Van Den Berg, Laurence Kolonel, Brian Henderson, Temitope Keku, Robert Sandler, Lisa Signorello, William Blot, Polly Newcomb, Mala Pande, Christopher Amos, Dee West, Stéphane Bézieau, Sonja Berndt, Brent Zanke, Li Hsu, Noralane Lindor, Robert Haile, John Hopper, Mark Jenkins, Steven Gallinger, Graham Casey, Stephanie Stenzel, Fredrick Schumacher, Ulrike Peters, Stephen Gruber, Shoichiro Tsugane, Dan Stram, Loic Le Marchand. Transethnic genome-wide association study of colorectal cancer identifies a new susceptibility locus in VTI1A. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-282. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-LB-282
Metabolic, humoral, and cellular responses in adult volunteers immunized with the genetically inactivated pertussis toxin mutant PT-9K/129G.
Authors: A Podda, L Nencioni, M T De Magistris, A Di Tommaso, P Bossù, S Nuti, P Pileri, S Peppoloni, M Bugnoli, P Ruggiero
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1990)

PT-9K/129G, a nontoxic mutant of pertussis toxin (PT) obtained by genetic manipulation, has been shown in animal models to be a promising candidate for new vaccines against whooping cough. To assess the safety and the immunogenicity of PT-9K/129G in humans, a pilot study has been performed in adult volunteers. The protein was found to be safe, capable of inducing high titers of toxin-neutralizing antibodies, and capable of generating immunological memory. In fact, vaccination caused an increase of cell-mediated response to PT, PT-9K/129G, S1 subunit, and B oligomer, indicating that memory T cells are induced by the vaccine. Since PT-9K/129G is mitogenic for T lymphocytes in vitro, it was investigated whether this activity is also present in vivo. No variation was observed in the proportion of T cells (CD3+), T helper cells (CD4+), and cytotoxic T cells (CD8+), as well as in that of other lymphoid populations, by FACS analysis. Interestingly, no thorough correlation was found between humoral and cellular responses. In one case, a very high cellular response was present in absence of detectable antibodies, suggesting that the antibody response, which is the only parameter measured in most clinical trials, may not give a complete picture of the response induced by a vaccine.
Familial Galactorrhea in Three Sisters With Oligo-ovulation
Authors: Jerry A. Wider
Journal: JAMA (1969)

Galactorrhea occurred after use of oral contraceptives in three sisters with oligo-ovulation. Pituitary function was studied by radioimmunoassay determination of plasma growth hormone level after pyrogen stimulation, radioimmunoassay determination of follicle-stimulating and luteinizing hormone during clomiphene citrate stimulation, measurement of plasma cortisol level, and thyroid function studies. Results suggest normal pituitary responsiveness to provocative stimuli and support the concept that the control of ovulation is functionally independent of the control of lactation.
Methylprednisolone pulse therapy for Stevens-Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis: Clinical evaluation and analysis of biomarkers
Authors: Kazuhisa Hirahara, Yoko Kano, Yohei Sato, Chiho Horie, Aki Okazaki, Tadashi Ishida, Yumi Aoyama, Tetsuo Shiohara
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2013)
Polyclhonal B-cell activation and increased lymphocyte helper-suppressor ratios in discoid lupus erythematosus
Authors: A.G. WANGEL, EIJA JOHANSSON, ANNAMARI RANKI
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1984)

We studied polyclonal B-cell activation in twenty-six patients with discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE). Spontaneous plaque-forming cells of the IgA class (IgA-SPFC) as determined by a reverse haemolytic plaque assay were significantly more common in patients with DLE than in fifty control subjects. The patients showed a positive correlation between IgA-SPFC and OKT4/8 ratios and also had a significantly higher mean OKT4/8 ratio. The two groups did not differ with regard to cells producing IgG or IgM or cells with OKT3, OKT4, OKT8 or OKMI markers. None of the three patients with DLE who had IgA-SPFC values which were above the mean (+2 s.d.) for the control subjects had positive tests for ANA or low serum C3 or C4, but two of the three also had increased IgG-SPFC values. The results indicate that polyclonal B-cell activation occurs in a small proportion of patients with DLE.
Intravenous hyaluronidase therapy for myocardial infarction in man: double-blind trial to assess infarct size limitation.
Authors: J A Cairns, D A Holder, P Tanser, E Missirlis
Journal: Circulation (1982)

Patients with their first myocardial infarction not initially complicated by severe atrioventricular block or power failure were given a skin test and then randomized to receive either hyaluronidase or placebo in double-blind fashion. Hyaluronidase, 500 IU/kg i.v., was given every 6 hours for 42 hours. Of the 48 eligible patients, 26 received hyaluronidase and 22 received placebo. The mean CK serum entry was 3140 +/- 2111 mIU/ml (mean +/- SD) in hyaluronidase patients and 3574 +/- 1476 mIU/ml in placebo patients (p less than 0.21). The mean infarct size was 54.6 +/- 35.8 CK gram-equivalents in the hyaluronidase patients and 64.0 +/- 31.1 CK gram-equivalents in the placebo patients (p less than 0.20). Among the 21 patients treated within 6 hours of the onset of infarction, the difference in infarct size was greater (p less than 0.15). There was no significant difference in the incidence of power failure, ventricular arrhythmias, recurrence of ischemic pain, infarct extension or mortality. No benefit of hyaluronidase was demonstrated in this study, which was designed to detect a 50% reduction of infarct size. However, to detect a 20% reduction in infarct size would require a much larger study population.
Humors, hormones, and neurosecretions; the origins and development of man's present knowledge of the humoral control of body functions.
Authors: Richard L. Landau
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Chandler McC. Brooks and his three associates have written a short (313 pages) summary of the history of the development of our present knowledge concerning the humoral control of body functions. Generally, the book is written in an easy, interesting style, which can be quickly assimilated. Although it provides interesting reading for the sophisticated endocrinologist or neuro-physiologist, it seems to be designed more for the unspecialized physician, graduate student, or medical student. The concept of humors controlling various bodily functions has been traced from its beginning over 2,000 years ago to the present. The high spots of the endocrine system as presently understood have been covered and the direction of anticipated future developments indicated. The evidence supporting the view of chemical mediation of the transmission of the impulse across the neuromyal junction, as well as inter-neural connections, has also been covered. A discussion of the neurosecretory control of classical endocrine
Glaucoma and Ocular Pigment
Authors: Kenneth W. Olander
Journal: JAMA (1988)

An increased deposition of ocular pigment characterizes a variety of conditions, including exfoliation syndrome; pigment dispersion syndrome; forms of uveitis, melanosis, and melanoma; and cysts of the iris and ciliary body, among others.<sup>1</sup>Exfoliation syndrome and pigment dispersion syndrome, in particular, represent abnormal accumulations of pigment in the eye that may presage the development of openangle glaucoma in two very diverse populations.<sup>2</sup>Unfortunately, these types of secondary glaucoma are often refractory to medical treatment and may necessitate a surgical solution, such as trabeculoplasty. Early diagnosis and subsequent observation, therefore, can benefit such patients before intraocular pressures elevate, especially in those with pigment dispersion syndrome, who may suffer rapid-onset glaucoma. Both syndromes may exhibit similar deposits of pigment involving the width of the trabecular meshwork<sup>1</sup>; the peripheral cornea (Sampaolesi's line)<sup>2</sup>; and the anterior surface of the iris (Fig 1), lens, ciliary body, and vitreous.<sup>1</sup> Typical patients
Randomized trial of daclatasvir and asunaprevir with or without PegIFN/RBV for hepatitis C virus genotype 1 null responders
Authors: Anna S. Lok, David F. Gardiner, Christophe Hézode, Eric J. Lawitz, Marc Bourlière, Gregory T. Everson, Patrick Marcellin, Maribel Rodriguez-Torres, Stanislas Pol, Lawrence Serfaty, Timothy Eley, Shu-Pang Huang, Jianling Li, Megan Wind-Rotolo, Fei Yu, Fiona McPhee, Dennis M. Grasela, Claudio Pasquinelli
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
Hepatic Failure and Detoxication
Authors: A. E. M. McLean
Journal: BMJ (1967)

Cancer ChemotherapySIR,-There can be few radiotherapists in this country who do not use cytotoxic drugs at some stage of the treatment of advanced malignancies, while many surgeons and physicians from time to time make ancillary use of such drugs in an attempt to control or palliate malignant disease.Some of us would like to make a serious study of the pharmacology and therapeutic use of drugs, instead of the rather empirical methods we now employ, only to find that there is apparently no way of acquiring the necessary knowledge and clinical experience by attending any properly organized courses of instruction at any level.Medical students do not appear to obtain anything more than the most rudi- mentary knowledge of the use of drugs in cancer treatment, judging by the performance of recently qualified housemen.Some other countries offer rather more.In the U.S.A., for example, several cancer centres hold regular courses of instruction, such as one being held by the Memorial Hospital in New York later this year.It seems we might well do more ourselves, especially as a good deal of most valuable research and development in the field of cancer chemotherapy is being carried out both by pharmaceutical firms and by research