tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Hypersensitivity reactions from taxol.
Authors: R B Weiss, R C Donehower, P H Wiernik, T Ohnuma, R J Gralla, D L Trump, J R Baker, D A Van Echo, D D Von Hoff, B Leyland-Jones
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1990)

Taxol is an antitumor agent in clinical trial that has been shown to have activity against advanced ovarian carcinoma and melanoma. Hypersensitivity reactions (HSRs) have been one of the toxicities observed with administration of this drug. Of 301 patients treated, 32 patients have had definite (27 patients) or possible (five patients) hypersensitivity reactions to taxol. All but one patient had the reaction from the first or second exposure to this agent. Reactions occurred at a variety of doses and were characterized most frequently by dyspnea, hypotension, bronchospasm, urticaria, and erythematous rashes. Thirteen (41%) patients had received premedication designed to prevent such toxicity; nevertheless, they sustained HSRs. Prolonging the drug infusion appears to have somewhat reduced, but not obviated, the risk of HSRs. The cause (taxol itself or its excipient Cremophor EL; Badische Anilin und Soda-Fabrik AG [BASF], Ludwigshafen, Federal Republic of Germany) and the mechanism of these reactions to taxol are unknown. We provide guidelines to prevent or minimize such toxicity and treat reactions if they still occur.
How Much Vitamin D Is Enough?
Authors: Deborah Grady
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2015)

Karen E. Hansen, MD, MS; R. Erin Johnson, BS; Kaitlin R. Chambers, BS; Michael G. Johnson, MS; Christina C. Lemon, MS, RD, CD; Tien Nguyen Thuy Vo, MS; Sheeva Marvdashti, BS
Treatment of Colonic Anastomotic Strictures with ‘Through the Scope’ Balloon Dilators
Authors: M D Dinneen, R W Motson
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (1991)

Stricture occurs in 1.2–4.2% of colonic anastomoses. Symptomatic strictures have previously been treated by resection and re-anastomosis and more recently by radiographically guided dilatation by a modified Seldinger technique. This paper describes the endoscopic balloon dilatation of five symptomatic cases and three asymptomatic cases. Eight patients underwent balloon dilatation of colonic anastomotic strictures. Four patients had no symptoms post dilatation and the strictures remained patient on follow-up endoscopy. All the remaining patients required re-dilatation at approximately 2 months. One of these patients underwent dilatation but remained symptomatic, the dilatation was repeated and a colonic perforation occurred at this time. Of the other three, two continue to be followed up, and are well and one patient died of disseminated malignancy. Balloon dilatation with ‘through the scope’ dilators is a simpler technique than radiologically guided dilatation. These early results suggest that endoscopic dilatation may avoid further surgery in some patients with anastomotic stricture.
Metabolism of Benzo[&lt;italic&gt;a&lt;/italic&gt;]pyrene on the Nasal Mucosa of Syrian Hamsters: Comparison to Metabolism by Other Extrahepatic Tissues and Possible Role of Nasally Produced Metabolites in Carcinogenesis&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN3"&gt;3&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: A R Dahl, D S Coslett, J A Bond, G R Hesseltine
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1985)

The formation of metabolites of nasally instilled benzo[a]pyrene [(BP) CAS: 50-32-8] was determined. The study was prompted by a report that a high incidence of tumors occurred in tissues of the upper respiratory and alimentary tracts of Syrian hamsters exposed to BP aerosols. The esophagi of anesthetized hamsters were surgically catheterized so that radiolabeled material instilled as BP in the nose could be collected and analyzed for metabolites. About 50% of the instilled BP was metabolized in the nose and, potentially, would have been swallowed in an awake animal. In auxiliary experiments, homogenates of respiratory and alimentary tissues were tested for metabolic activity for BP. The nose, trachea, and lungs had about equally high activities on a per organ basis (5-7 nmol/hr), whereas all other tissues had considerably less activity. The results of the study indicate that nasal metabolism may be important in causing tumors in alimentary as well as upper respiratory tissues.
Resting PaO2 and 6MWT as diagnostic index for nocturnal oxygen desaturation in diffuse parenchymal lung diseases
Authors: Sheetu Singh, Manohar Lal Gupta, Ravinder Singh, Virendra Singh
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Introduction:  Despite of normal daytime oxygen saturation many patients of diffuse parenchymal lung disease (DPLD) desaturate during night time. Such patients may develop signs of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) which increases the mortality and morbidity in DPLD. Our aim was to document the magnitude of nocturnal oxygen desaturation and find its predictors in DPLD.   Methods:  It was a cross sectional and observational study. 48 consecutive patients of DPLD were recruited. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) was diagnosed by ATS/ERS guidelines 2002 and other DPLD by their clinical and radiological presentation. Arterial blood gas analysis, six minute walk test (6MWT) and overnight pulse oximetry were done and variables such as time spent with nocturnal oxygen saturation (SpO 2 ) below 90%, mean SpO 2 , worst SpO 2  and apnea - hypopnea index were recorded.   Results:  Amongst 48 subjects, 35 (72.9%) patients had IPF, 9 (18.8%) patients had hypersensitivity pneumonitis and 4 (8.3%) patients had stage 4 sarcoidosis. Nocturnal desaturation (>10% of sleep time with SpO 2  2  of less than 61mm of Hg (p=0.0015), end SpO 2  after 6MWT ≤83.5% (p=0.0077) and distance walked during 6MWT ≤380.4m (p=0.0051). Based on cut off values of these variables an index called desaturation index was evolved which had 95% sensitivity.   Conclusion:  Significant nocturnal oxygen desaturation occurs in many patients of DPLD despite of normal resting SpO2. A desaturation index based on PaO 2 , end SpO 2  after 6MWT and distance walked during 6MWT was found to be 95% sensitive in diagnosing nocturnal desaturation.
Randomized, phase III trial of adjuvant adeforvir vs. therapeutic lamivudine in post-operative BCLC stage 0 or A HBV-related HCC: The Taiwan Cooperative Oncology Group T1206 study.
Authors: Li-Tzong Chen, Long-Bin Jeng, Chin-Fu Hsiao, Cheng-Chung Wu, Wei-Chen Lee, Tsang-En Wang, Po-Huang Lee, Chao-Long Chen, I-Su Chen, King-Teh Lee, Chung-Bao Hsieh, Wei-Shou Hwang, Mei-Due Yang, Yang-Sen Yang, Deng-Yn Lin, Miin-Fu Chen, Pei-Jer Chen
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2015)

4101 Background: To investigate the role of adjuvant anti-viral nucleoside in tertiary prevention of HCC relapse in post-operative BCLC stage 0 or A HBV-related HCC. Methods: Patients with curative resection of BCLC stage 0 or A and solitary tumor < 5 cm, HBV-related (HbsAg+/anti-HCV-) HCC were eligible. Accruals were stratified by HBV genotype (C vs. non-C) and serum viral titer ( < 20,000 vs. > 20,000 IU/mL) and randomly assigned to receive either 3 years of adeforvir treatment from study entry or observation alone, in which 18 months of lamivudine would be given when their HBV DNA titer > 20,000 IU/mL and ALT > 2.0 x UNL. The primary endpoint was late RFS. Results: Between April 2007 and August 2010 (early terminated because lamivudine was no longer the standard care for chronic HBV infection), a total of 117 patients were enrolled. The demographic characteristics were well-balanced between adefovir (N = 58) and control (N = 59) arms. At a median follow-up of 57.9 months, 53 (45.3%) had recurrence and 17 (14.5%) were deceased. The cumulative 5-year FRS and OS rates of ITT cohort were 52.6% and 86.4%, respectively. The median RFS were not reached yet in adefovir arm and 6.4 years in control arm; while the 5-year RFS rate in corresponding arm was 53.8% (95% confidence interval [CI], 38.8% to 66.6%) and 51.6% (95% CI, 37.4% to 64.0%), respectively (P = 0.692, log-rank test). In Cox’s regression univariate analysis, only baseline HBeAg and HBV DNA titer significantly affected RFS, with a HR of 2.988 (95% CI: 1.489 - 5.994, p = 0.0021) and 1.916 (95% CI: 1.083 - 3.388, p = 0.0255), respectively. Late RFS in those with RFS > 2 years was also similar between two study arms. Conclusions: Despite earlier trials showed adjuvant anti-HBV nucleoside (vs. no treament) can significantly improve the RFS and OS in post-operative HBV-related HCC (JCO 2013 and Ann Surg 2015). In current study, 3 years of adjuvant adeforvir did not reduce the postoperative recurrence as well as late recurrence of HBV-related HCC as compared to observation followed by lamivudine when their HBV DNA titer > 20,000 IU/mL and ALT > 2.0 x UNL. This study is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier NCT00455091 Clinical trial information: NCT00455091.
Prospective evaluation of vitamin E for hot flashes in breast cancer survivors.
Authors: D L Barton, C L Loprinzi, S K Quella, J A Sloan, M H Veeder, J R Egner, P Fidler, P J Stella, D K Swan, N L Vaught, P Novotny
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1998)

PURPOSE Hot flashes represent a substantial clinical problem for some breast cancer survivors. Although estrogen or progesterone preparations can alleviate these symptoms in many patients, concern remains regarding the use of hormonal preparations in such women. Thus, there is a perceived need for nonhormonal treatments for hot flashes for breast cancer survivors. Based on anecdotal evidence that vitamin E was helpful, we designed a trial to investigate this matter. METHODS We developed and conducted a placebo-controlled, randomized, crossover trial where, after a 1 week baseline period, patients received 4 weeks of vitamin E 800 IU daily, then 4 weeks of an identical-appearing placebo, or vice versa. Diaries were used to measure potential toxicities and hot flashes during the baseline week and the two subsequent 4-week treatment periods. RESULTS The 120 patients evaluated for toxicity failed to show any. The 105 patients who finished the first treatment period showed a similar reduction in hot flash frequencies (25% v 22%; P = .90) for the two study arms. A crossover analysis, however, showed that vitamin E was associated with a minimal decrease in hot flashes (one less hot flash per day than was seen with a placebo) (P &lt; or = .05). At the study end, patients did not prefer vitamin E over the placebo (32% v 29%, respectively). CONCLUSION Although this trial was able to show a statistically significant hot flash reduction with vitamin E compared to a placebo, the clinical magnitude of this reduction was marginal.
Bloodstream infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus in a university hospital in Turkey: clinical and molecular epidemiology of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: B. Aygen, A. Yörük, O. Yýldýz, E. Alp, S. Kocagöz, B. Sümerkan, M. Doğanay
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2004)
Quality of life and cancer pain: satisfaction and side effects with transdermal fentanyl versus oral morphine.
Authors: R Payne, S D Mathias, D J Pasta, L A Wanke, R Williams, R Mahmoud
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1998)

PURPOSE To compare pain-related treatment satisfaction, patient-perceived side effects, functioning, and well-being in patients with advanced cancer who were receiving either transdermal fentanyl (Duragesic, Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Titusville, NJ) or sustained-release oral forms of morphine (MS Contin, Perdue Frederick Co, Norwalk, CT, or Oramorph SR, Roxanne Laboratories, Columbus, OH). PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 504 assessable cancer patients participated in this cross-sectional, quality-of-life study. Relevant elements of four validated scales were used--the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-General (FACT-G) scale, the Brief Pain Inventory (BPI), the Medical Outcomes Study (MOS) questionnaire, and the Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale (MSAS)--as well as original scales that were developed and validated for this study. RESULTS The majority of patients in both treatment groups had late-stage (IV/D) cancer. Patients who received transdermal fentanyl were more satisfied overall with their pain medication than those who received sustained-release oral forms of morphine (P = .035). Fentanyl patients also experienced a significantly lower frequency (P &lt; .002) and impact (P &lt; .001) of pain medication side effects. These results occurred despite the fact that cancer patients who received fentanyl were significantly older (P &lt; .001) and had significantly lower functioning and well-being scores (P = .001). Measures of pain intensity, sleep adequacy, and symptoms demonstrated no significant differences between treatment groups. CONCLUSION These data suggest that patients are more satisfied with transdermal fentanyl compared with sustained-release oral forms of morphine. A lower frequency and reduced impact of side effects with transdermal fentanyl may be one reason cancer patients who receive fentanyl are more satisfied with their pain management.
Phase I clinical and pharmacokinetic study of leucovorin and infusional hepatic arterial fluorouracil.
Authors: D J Kerr, J A Ledermann, C S McArdle, J Buckels, J Neoptolemos, M Seymour, J Doughty, J Budden, I Taylor
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1995)

PURPOSE A phase I and pharmacokinetic trial was performed between October 1993 and June 1994 to determine the maximum-tolerated dose of hepatic arterial infusion (HAI) of fluorouracil (5-FU) and intravenous (IV) leucovorin (folinic acid; FA) in patients with hepatic metastases from colorectal cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS Forty-three patients received 310 courses of HAI chemotherapy administered over 48 hours every 2 weeks. The regimen consisted of FA 200 mg/m2 by IV infusion over 2 hours, followed by a loading dose of 5-FU 400 mg/m2 by HAI over 15 minutes, followed by a 22-hour infusion of 5-FU at doses ranging from 0.8 to 1.84 g/m2, with identical chemotherapy on day 2. Pharmacokinetic studies were performed to determine peak and steady-state plasma concentrations (Css) of 5-FU. RESULTS Severe diarrhea and cardiac and neurologic toxicity were dose-limiting at 1.84 g/m2. The recommended dose for the 22-hour component of the schedule was 1.6 g/m2 and was associated with tolerable toxicity. A Css of 2.2 +/- 0.8 mumol/L for 5-FU was achieved on the recommended schedule, which compares favorably with conventional IV 5-FU regimens. Among 30 patients assessable for response, there were four complete responses and seven partial responses, and 12 patients with stable disease and seven with progressive disease, reported after 3 months (ie, six cycles) of therapy. CONCLUSION A regimen that combines 5-FU and FA has been identified for regional chemotherapy in patients with hepatic metastases from colorectal cancer. The systemic levels of 5-FU achieved are similar to the conventional IV de Gramont regimen using an identical schedule of 5-FU and FA, which implies that this chemotherapy has the best of both worlds, ie, a regional advantage in delivering high drug concentrations to the target organ with adequate systemic cover for extrahepatic micrometastases.
Roflumilast significantly decreased inflammatory biomarkers in induced sputum in current smokers patients with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Alizamin Sadigov, Gabrail Mammadov, Adalyat Abdullayev
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

The aim our study was identify the impact of ROFLUMILAST to inflammatory biomarkers in induced sputum in current smokers patients with severe COPD. All patients were divided in two groups:1)24 patients have received BUDESONIDE/FORMOTEROL 640/18 mcg/day and ROFLUMILAST 500 mcg/day;2)24 patients have received only BUD/FORM. 640/18 mcg/day.All patients were current smokers and observed during 6 months.In patients with severe COPD whom applied ROFLUMILAST together with BUD/FORM. the level of inflammatory biomarkers in induced sputum significantly decreased after 6 months therapy.In patients group with ROFLUMILAST therapy the number of neutrophils decreased importantly(39,1 +_9,8 vs 20,4+_6,7%,p
Recovery of a Hamster-Specific, Focus-Forming, and Sarcomagenic Virus From a “Non-infectious” Hamster Tumor Induced by the Kirsten Mouse Sarcoma Virus&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Vaclav Klement, Janet W. Hartley, Wallace P. Rowe, Robert J. Huebner
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1969)

The Kirsten mouse sarcoma virus (Ki-MSV) induces sarcomas and hemorrhagic cysts in hamsters. A transplant line established from one of the tumors was noninfectious for mouse and rat cells sensitive to the inducing virus. However, tumor extracts contained virus able to induce focus formation in hamster cells and sarcomas and hemorrhagic cysts in suckling hamsters. This virus, Ki-MSV (O-H), was not neutralized by potent antisera to Ki-MSV or other viruses of the murine leukemia/sarcoma complex.
Follow-up using fluorescence bronchoscopy for the patients with photodynamic therapy treated early lung cancer
Authors: Hamdy Ali Mohammadien Mahmoud, Kazuya Kondo
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Purpose: To evaluate the accuracy of fluorescence bronchoscopy by precise histological analysis of the photodynamic therapy (PDT) treated lesions. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on thirteen patients (16 lesions) with centrally located early lung cancer (CLELC) had been undergone photodynamic therapy and had been followed up by fluorescence bronchoscopy. Fluorescence bronchoscopy was performed between 1 and 60 months after photodynamic therapy. Results: Of the 16 early carcinomas treated, 14 (87.5%) had a CR, 2 (12.5%) had a NR after initial PDT. Among the 14 carcinomas achieving a CR, 4 (29%) recurred locally from 6 to 12 months after initial PDT. A total of 62 surveillance auto fluorescence bronchoscopies (average; 4.5/patient) and 47 biopsies (average; 4/patient) were performed after PDT. The addition of the SAFE - 3000 examination to conventional bronchoscopy increased the sensitivity of screening from 69% to 100%, which yielded a relative sensitivity of 145% with a negative predictive value of 100%.  Out of 14 CR lesions, 9 lesions finally reverted to normal fluorescence. CR cases that did not show normal fluorescence were relapsed cases or a patient with complete response whose treated lesion showed fibrosis in the sub mucosa. Histopathological finding of the complete response sites which demonstrated temporal fluorescent defect consisted of inflammatory lesions, goblet cell hyperplasia, basal cell hyperplasia, squamous metaplasia or dysplasia. Conclusion: our results confirm that SAFE - 3000 allows accurate assessment of the quality and efficacy of PDT.
Long-term results of acitretin therapy for hidradenitis suppurativa. Is acne inversa also a misnomer?
Authors: J. Boer, M. Nazary
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2010)

Journal Article Long‐term results of acitretin therapy for hidradenitis suppurativa. Is acne inversa also a misnomer? Get access J. Boer, J. Boer Department of Dermatology, Deventer Hospital, N. Bolkesteinlaan 75, 7416 SE Deventer, the Netherlands Correspondence: Jurr Boer. E‐mail: j.boer@dz.nl Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M. Nazary M. Nazary Department of Dermatology, Deventer Hospital, N. Bolkesteinlaan 75, 7416 SE Deventer, the Netherlands Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 164, Issue 1, 1 January 2011, Pages 170–175, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2010.10071.x Published: 01 January 2011
Secukinumab Inhibition of Interleukin-17A in Patients with Psoriatic Arthritis
Authors: Philip J. Mease, Iain B. McInnes, Bruce Kirkham, Arthur Kavanaugh, Proton Rahman, Désirée van der Heijde, Robert Landewé, Peter Nash, Luminita Pricop, Jiacheng Yuan, Hanno B. Richards, Shephard Mpofu
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2015)

In a phase 2 study, the inhibition of the interleukin-17A receptor improved signs and symptoms of psoriatic arthritis. We sought to evaluate the efficacy and safety of secukinumab, an anti-interleukin-17A monoclonal antibody, in such patients.In this double-blind, phase 3 study, 606 patients with psoriatic arthritis were randomly assigned in a 1:1:1 ratio to receive intravenous secukinumab (at a dose of 10 mg per kilogram) at weeks 0, 2, and 4, followed by subcutaneous secukinumab at a dose of either 150 mg or 75 mg every 4 weeks, or placebo. Patients in the placebo group were switched to subcutaneous secukinumab at a dose of 150 mg or 75 mg at week 16 or 24, depending on clinical response. The primary end point was the proportion of patients with an American College of Rheumatology 20 (ACR20) response at week 24, defined as a 20% improvement from baseline in the number of tender and swollen joints and at least three other important domains.ACR20 response rates at week 24 were significantly higher in the group receiving secukinumab at doses of 150 mg (50.0%) and 75 mg (50.5%) than in those receiving placebo (17.3%) (P<0.001 for both comparisons with placebo). Secondary end points, including the ACR50 response and joint structural damage, were significantly better in the secukinumab groups than in the placebo group. Improvements were sustained through 52 weeks. Infections, including candida, were more common in the secukinumab groups. Throughout the study (mean secukinumab exposure, 438.5 days; mean placebo exposure, 128.5 days), four patients in the secukinumab groups had a stroke (0.6 per 100 patient-years; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.2 to 1.5), and two had a myocardial infarction (0.3 per 100 patient-years; 95% CI, 0.0 to 1.0), as compared with no patients in the placebo group.Secukinumab was more effective than placebo in patients with psoriatic arthritis, which validates interleukin-17A as a therapeutic target. Infections were more common in the secukinumab groups than in the placebo group. The study was neither large enough nor long enough to evaluate uncommon serious adverse events or the risks associated with long-term use. (Funded by Novartis Pharma; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01392326.).
Initial Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in patients with cystic fibrosis: characteristics of eradicated and persistent isolates
Authors: G.A. Tramper-Stranders, C.K. van der Ent, S. Molin, L. Yang, S.K. Hansen, M.H. Rau, O. Ciofu, H.K. Johansen, T.F.W. Wolfs
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2011)