tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Pulmonary amoebiasis presenting as superior vena cava syndrome
Authors: A Lichtenstein
Journal: Thorax (2005)

Pulmonary amoebiasis without liver involvement occurs sporadically as a result of haematogenous spread from a primary site, the colon. The case history is presented of a patient who developed superior vena cava syndrome due to a pulmonary amoebic abscess without liver involvement. He was initially suspected of having a neoplasm but a combination of tests including histological examination of the H&amp;E stained excised tissue, immunofluorescence using anti-<i>Entamoeba histolytica</i> antibodies, and serology confirmed the diagnosis of amoebiasis. To our knowledge this is the first description of pulmonary amoebiasis presenting as superior vena cava syndrome.
Advisory food labels: consumers with allergies need more than "traces" of information
Authors: P. J. Turner, A. S. Kemp, D. E. Campbell
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Vague warnings of possible allergen contamination of food are often unhelpful and may contribute to unintentional exposure. <b>Paul Turner</b>, <b>Andrew Kemp</b>, and <b>Dianne Campbell</b> call for a standardised approach
M2 microglia and macrophages drive oligodendrocyte differentiation during CNS remyelination
Authors: Veronique E Miron, Amanda Boyd, Jing-Wei Zhao, Tracy J Yuen, Julia M Ruckh, Jennifer L Shadrach, Peter van Wijngaarden, Amy J Wagers, Anna Williams, Robin J M Franklin, Charles ffrench-Constant
Journal: Nature Neuroscience (2013)
1160 HEPATIC SAFETY PROFILE OF NEW ANTIRETROVIRAL DRUGS IN HIV-INFECTED PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC HEPATITIS C
Authors: E. Vispo, A. Mena, I. Maida, F. Blanco, M. Córdoba, P. Labarga, S. Rodriguez-Novoa, E. Alvarez, I. Jimenez-Nacher, V. Soriano
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
Reply from Authors re: Jonathan Bergman, Mark S. Litwin. The Henderson-Hasselbalch Equation for Urologists. Eur Urol 2014;65:48–9
Authors: Neill Booth, Pekka Rissanen, Teuvo L.J. Tammela, Liisa Määttänen, Kimmo Taari, Anssi Auvinen
Journal: European Urology (2013)
New Directions in Drug Development: Mixtures, Analogues, and Modeling
Authors: John A Galloway
Journal: Diabetes Care (1993)

Success in modern medical research is acheived when basic and clinical information about a given disorder converges, either intentionally or fortuitously, with the availability of technology or other means to design and apply interventions for the disorder in question. A prime example is the discovery of insulin and its replacement in patients with IDDM in 1923. Seven decades later, the focus of diabetes management is on improvement in metabolic control to forestall the chronic complications of the disease and improve the quality of life of patients with the disease. Metabolic control is being addressed through the development of insulin analogues using sophisticated techniques to understand the chemistry of insulin and to modify it using rDNA technology. The objective of these efforts is to simulate normal insulin secretion with subcutaneously injected agonists. Quality-of-life needs are being addressed with delivery devices, insulin mixtures, and insulin analogues. Although none of these improvements parallel the discovery of insulin, they do provide an optimistic outlook for patients with diabetes mellitus.
STUDIES ON BACTERIOPHAGES OF HEMOLYTIC STREPTOCOCCI
Authors: Richard M. Krause
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1957)

The host ranges of bacteriophages for group A, types 1, 6, 12, and 25 and group C streptococci have been determined. The findings indicate that the susceptibility to these phages is primarily a group-specific phenomenon, although it is modified by several factors such as the hyaluronic acid capsule, lysogeny, and possibly the presence of surface proteins. Phage antibody studies indicate that while the group A phages are antigenically related, they are distinct from the group C phage. This is in agreement with the observation that group A phages are not specific for their homologous streptococcal types. The purified group C carbohydrate inactivates group C phage but not the group A phages, thus suggesting that the carbohydrate, a component of the cell wall, may serve as the phage receptor site. It has not been possible to inactivate the group A phages with group A carbohydrate. Phage lysis of groups A and C streptococci is accompanied by fragmentation of the cell wall since the C carbohydrate has been identified serologically and chemically in the supernate of centrifuged lysates. The immediate lysis of groups A and C hemolytic streptococci and their isolated cell walls by an accesory heat-labile lytic factor in fresh group C lysates is also described.
Guinea-Bissau demands extradition of doctor in Portugal
Authors: Tiago Villanueva
Journal: BMJ (2007)

The authorities of Guinea-Bissau are requesting the extradition of a Guinean anaesthetist and former director general of public health in Guinea-Bissau, who is based in Portugal. Guinea-Bissau is a former Portuguese colony in western Africa.

Luis Nambanca, aged 45 years and born in Guinea-Bissau, later acquired Czech nationality through marriage. He was working as an anaesthetist in a hospital in the city of Beja, southern Portugal, when he was arrested by Portuguese police. An international arrest warrant had been issued by the military judiciary police of Guinea-Bissau, based on the decision of the regional court of Bissau, the capital of the country.

The request was issued on the basis of an agreement between Portugal and Guinea-Bissau that was established in 1989.

Dr Nambanca has been detained at Portugal's Beja penitentiary since 26 April.

A Portuguese regional court is currently analysing the extradition request from the Guinean authorities.

In 2001 Dr Nambanca, who worked at a private clinic in Bissau, was convicted of involuntary homicide caused by medical negligence, …
Abstract B65: Proteolytic shedding of the cell adhesion molecule ALCAM generates a spatial and context-dependent heterogeneity important for metastasis.
Authors: Amanda G. Hansen, Katie Hebron, Trenis D. Palmer, Shanna Arnold, Andries Zijlstra
Journal: Cancer Research (2015)

Abstract Heterogeneity in the tumor microenvironment is dictated in part by context-dependent changes in cell-cell interactions. Subpopulations of tumor cells can responding to local micro-environmental changes in a manner that distinguishes them biochemically as well as behaviorally from the rest of the tumor. We identified such a phenomenon in the proteolytic shedding of the cell adhesion molecule ALCAM (Activated Leukocyte Cell Adhesion Molecule). ALCAM controls cell adhesion in a variety of cell types including T-cells, epithelial cells, neurons and endothelial cell. Although ALCAM mRNA is detected in all epithelial tissues and the tumors they give rise to, the detection of cell-surface ALCAM is highly variable, being strong in some regions of the tumor while completely absent in adjacent tumor cells. Through molecular analysis of cell-surface ALCAM we determined that this adhesion molecule is shed from the surface by ADAM17 in response to cytokines from the local milieu. Although ALCAM shedding is common in cancer, the loss of ALCAM greatly diminishes metastasis, thereby suggesting that ALCAM remains necessary for tumor progression. Indeed, ALCAM shedding supports a dynamic regulation of cell adhesion which, in turn, supports tumor cell dissemination. Considering that the proteolytic processing of ALCAM is functionally important in tumor progression, the detection of ALCAM shedding should be a molecular indicator of disease progression. Indeed, through analysis of retrospective patient cohorts, we demonstrated ALCAM shedding to be a prognostic indicator of disease progression in cancers of the colon, kidney and bladder. Our observations demonstrate that spatial and context-dependent heterogeneity can be accomplished through post-translational proteolysis of cell adhesion molecules. This process enables tumor cells to respond dynamically to the local milieu and disseminate to a more hospitable environment. Identifying this proteolysis in cancer patients through the detection of ALCAM shedding can predict metastatic progression and long-term patient outcome. Citation Format: Amanda G. Hansen, Katie Hebron, Trenis D. Palmer, Shanna Arnold, Andries Zijlstra. Proteolytic shedding of the cell adhesion molecule ALCAM generates a spatial and context-dependent heterogeneity important for metastasis.. [abstract]. In: Abstracts: AACR Special Conference on Cellular Heterogeneity in the Tumor Microenvironment; 2014 Feb 26-Mar 1; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(1 Suppl):Abstract nr B65. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.CHTME14-B65
Modulation of hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction by antioxidant enzymes in red blood cells.
Authors: K Yamaguchi, K Asano, T Takasugi, M Mori, H Fujita, Y Oyamada, K Suzuki, A Miyata, T Aoki, Y Suzuki
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1996)

To determine whether antioxidant mechanisms within red blood cells (RBCs) significantly contribute to preserving hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV) in both the absence and the presence of oxidative stress, we investigated HPV changes in isolated rabbit lungs perfused with solutions containing RBCs treated with various inhibitors of superoxide dismutase (SOD), anion channels, catalase (CAT), or glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px). Perfusion was maintained at a constant flow rate of 70 ml/min, and lung temperature at 37 to 38 degrees C. Hematocrit was adjusted to 7%. In the absence of overt oxidative stress, HPV was significantly enhanced in the perfusate containing control RBCs (untreated RBCs) as compared with that in Krebs-Henseleit buffer. Inhibition of SOD, CAT, and GSH-Px within RBCs, as well as anion channels located on the RBC membrane, had little influence on HPV. Neither exogenous SOD nor CAT altered HPV. In the presence of high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), generated by addition of xanthine (100 microM) and xanthine oxidase (10 mU/ml) to the reservoir, HPV was considerably suppressed in the perfusate containing only buffer but was restored in the perfusate with control RBCs. Inhibition of CAT or GSH-Px in RBCs preserved the HPV, whereas inhibition of SOD or anion channels failed to preserve HPV obtained during exposure to high ROS levels. Addition of exogenous SOD, but not CAT, to the perfusate containing RBCs in which endogenous SOD had been inhibited restored HPV under high ROS conditions. In conclusion, (1) although RBCs augment HPV in the absence of ROS, this finding is not attributable to the antioxidants in RBCs. (2) RBCs restore HPV upon exposure to high ROS. This finding may well be explained by antioxidant mechanisms operating within RBCs, especially those of endogenous SOD.
Immune cell transcriptome datasets reveal novel leukocyte subset–specific genes and genes associated with allergic processes
Authors: Sue M. Liu, Ramnik Xavier, Kim L. Good, Tatyana Chtanova, Rebecca Newton, Mary Sisavanh, Sabine Zimmer, Chaoyang Deng, Diego G. Silva, Melinda J. Frost, Stuart G. Tangye, Michael S. Rolph, Charles R. Mackay
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2006)
A leg to stand on: Learning creates pain
Authors: Niels Birbaumer, Herta Flor
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1997)

The persistence of both inflammatory and neuropathic pain can only be explained when learning processes are taken into account in addition to sensitizing mechanisms. Learning processes such as classical and operant conditioning create memories for pain that are based on altered synaptic connections in supraspinal structures and persist without peripheral input. [coderre &amp; katz; dickenson; wiesenfeld-hallin et al.]
Vitamin E inhibits CD95 ligand expression and protects T cells from activation-induced cell death
Authors: Min Li-Weber, Markus A. Weigand, Marco Giaisi, Dorothee Süss, Monika K. Treiber, Sven Baumann, Elena Ritsou, Raoul Breitkreutz, Peter H. Krammer
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2002)

Apoptosis is a morphologically distinct form of cell death involved in many physiological and pathological processes. Expression of the CD95 (APO-1/Fas) ligand (CD95L) is critically involved in activation-induced cell death (AICD) of activated T cells. Here we show that the natural free radical scavenger vitamin E suppresses the activity of the transcription factors NF-kappa B and AP-1, thus blocking expression of CD95L and preventing T cell AICD. Since AICD is a major cause of T cell depletion in AIDS, we examined 35 HIV-1-positive individuals and found that their T cells are more susceptible to AICD than are T cells isolated from healthy controls. Administration of vitamin E suppresses CD95L mRNA expression and protects T cells of HIV-1-infected individuals from CD95-mediated apoptosis. This evidence that vitamin E can affect T cell survival may merit further clinical investigation.
Discovering New Memories in Psychotherapy — Childhood Revisited, Fantasy, or Both?
Authors: F H Frankel
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1995)

Recently the traditional reflective approach in psychotherapy has been challenged by a confrontational stance on behalf of patients. As a result, the place of truth and the validity of long-delayed memories of abuse in childhood have become the focus of a debate that has polarized the behavioral-science community. Neither side has attempted to minimize the incidence of or the damage caused by the sexual or physical abuse of children. Memories suspected or sustained throughout childhood and adolescence, even partial memories, are not at issue. What is at issue is the accuracy of the recall of childhood trauma by adults in . . .
Beat-to-beat variability is an independent and early indicator for d-sotalol-induced arrhythmias in vivo
Authors: Morten Thomsen, Cora Verduyn, Milan Stengl, Jurren M. Van Opstal, Jet Leunissen, Geert de Pater, Paul G. Volders, Marc A. Vos
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Outbreak of gastric mucormycosis associated with the use of wooden tongue depressors in critically ill patients
Authors: Enrique Maraví-Poma, Juan L. Rodríguez-Tudela, Jesús García de Jalón, Alfonso Manrique-Larralde, Luis Torroba, Jesús Urtasun, Blanca Salvador, Marta Montes, Emilia Mellado, Fernando Rodríguez-Albarrán, Antonio Pueyo-Royo
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2004)
“Elite Controllers” Provide Clues to Keeping HIV Infection in Check
Authors: Tracy Hampton
Journal: JAMA (2012)

THE DRAMATIC EFFECTIVENESS OF antiretroviral therapy means that a diagnosis of HIV is no longer the death sentence it often was in the 1980s. Still, most infected individuals must take numerous medications that have many potential adverse effects for the rest of their lives and remain vigilant in monitoring their condition. But for a minority of persons— about 1 in 300—antiretroviral medications aren’t necessary. Some of these individuals have been infected with HIV for more than 30 years without developing progressive disease, and they have maintained low to undetectable levels of the virus in their blood without ever having taken antiretroviral drugs. While an untreated patient with HIV may have a viral load of more than a million HIV particles per milliliter of blood at the time of acute infection, elite controllers maintain an HIV viral load below 50 virus particles per milliliter of blood. Another group of untreated persons called viremic controllers maintain a viral load level ranging between 50 and 2000 particles. Bruce Walker, MD, is one of a number of scientists on a mission to find out how these controllers keep HIV levels in check and to use the information to induce immunologic control in the many persons living with HIV who are susceptible to HIV’s immunity-ravaging effects. Walker directs the Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and Harvard Medical School, and he has helped establish advanced clinical and laboratory facilities at the front lines of the AIDS epidemic in South Africa. Walker recently spoke with JAMA about his work. JAMA: You were just beginning your medical career when AIDS first surfaced. What was it like to witness the epidemic at the very start? Dr Walker: During my residency at Mass General, patients started
Antiviral activity and safety of 12 weeks of oral treatment with ACH-126, 443 (Beta-L-FD4C) in treatment-naïve patients with chronic HBV infection
Authors: J.C. Pottage, S.C. Oshana, P.T. Yen, D. Delic, V. Rehak, S. Plisek, G.M. Mechkov, L.M. Dunkle
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2003)
ULCERS OF THE CORNEA.Read before the Colorado State Medical Society, June 20, 1893.
Authors: WILLIAM C. BANE
Journal: JAMA (1893)

The importance of this affection, I believe, justifies a brief review of the subject: Corneal affections constitute over one-fifth of the eye cases that come under our care.1 Of the three principal types of inflammation of the cornea, ulceration is the most common. The numerous varieties of corneal ulcers have been conveniently grouped as superficial and deep. The superficial class includes those limited to the epithelial layer and are most frequent in young subjects. This is especially true of the phlyctenular ulcer, which occurs in the delicate and strumous. Not infrequently is the superficial ulcer the result of traumatism, the accident occurring in persons whose blood state is poor, or the wound becoming infected, an ulcer forms. The symptoms of superficial ulcers vary from slight irritation to marked photophobia, lachrymation and pain in and around the eye. The pain is frequently paroxysmal in character. The ulcers differ in appearance, location,
Current Attempts to Prevent the Use of Animals in Medical Research
Authors: Maurice B. Visscher
Journal: JAMA (1981)

THE CURRENT strategy of the animal welfare and antivivisection groups in the United States is to assert that the use of living vertebrate animals in research is not essential to progress in medical science. Their lobbying activities have induced some 50 members of Congress to introduce or cosponsor one of four bills in the House of Representatives, to promote so-called alternative methods to the use of living animals in medical research and toxicity testing. The most strongly supported bill is HR 4805, called the Research Modernization Act. Another measure that has very strong animal humane society support is HR 6847, "to amend the Animal Welfare Act to insure the humane treatment of laboratory animals." Both bills would impede scientific research. These bills, which did not pass in the 96th Congress, will probably be introduced in the 97th Congress with new numbers. The scientific and medical communities should be alerted to
Erratum to: Prognostic factors in non-exertional heatstroke
Authors: Pierre Hausfater, Bruno Megarbane, Sandrine Dautheville, Anabella Patzak, Marc Andronikof, Aline Santin, Stéphanie André, Ludovic Korchia, Nabila Terbaoui, Gérald Kierzek, Benoît Doumenc, Christophe Leroy, Bruno Riou
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2009)
Working Hours of Junior Staff
Authors: H. Berry, M. Brudenell, R. C. F. Catterall, L. Cotton, R. Q. Crellin, J. L. Dawson, S. E. Ton, R. M. Feroze, D. Jewitt, H. Ludman, A. M. Macarthur, J. Maccabe, C. McKerron, A. P. Mowat, S. Oram, D. Pyke, C. E. Stroud, E. M. Thomas, P. J. Watkins, D. I. Williams, R. Williams, K. Zilkha
Journal: BMJ (1974)
Workshop on perinatal exposure to dioxin-like compounds. III. Endocrine effects.
Authors: M M Feeley
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1995)

Studies involving endocrine effects in humans and experimental animals resulting from the exposure to dioxin-like (non-ortho-substituted PCBs, PCDDs/PCDFs) and nondioxin-like (PCBs, OC pesticides) compounds (DLCs and NDLCs) were presented. A variety of reproductive and hormonal parameters, including androgen status, sexual differentiation, and thyroid functionality, were discussed. As in utero and lactational exposure of the human fetus/neonate to these environmental contaminants is inevitable, continued research to identify sensitive biomarkers of effect and susceptibility, as well as to define dose-response relationships, is required.
Personalized Exposure Assessment: Promising Approaches for Human Environmental Health Research
Authors: Brenda K. Weis, David Balshaw, John R. Barr, David Brown, Mark Ellisman, Paul Lioy, Gilbert Omenn, John D. Potter, Martyn T. Smith, Lydia Sohn, William A. Suk, Susan Sumner, James Swenberg, David R. Walt, Simon Watkins, Claudia Thompson, Samuel H. Wilson
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2005)

New technologies and methods for assessing human exposure to chemicals, dietary and lifestyle factors, infectious agents, and other stressors provide an opportunity to extend the range of human health investigations and advance our understanding of the relationship between environmental exposure and disease. An ad hoc Committee on Environmental Exposure Technology Development was convened to identify new technologies and methods for deriving personalized exposure measurements for application to environmental health studies. The committee identified a "toolbox" of methods for measuring external (environmental) and internal (biologic) exposure and assessing human behaviors that influence the likelihood of exposure to environmental agents. The methods use environmental sensors, geographic information systems, biologic sensors, toxicogenomics, and body burden (biologic) measurements. We discuss each of the methods in relation to current use in human health research; specific gaps in the development, validation, and application of the methods are highlighted. We also present a conceptual framework for moving these technologies into use and acceptance by the scientific community. The framework focuses on understanding complex human diseases using an integrated approach to exposure assessment to define particular exposure-disease relationships and the interaction of genetic and environmental factors in disease occurrence. Improved methods for exposure assessment will result in better means of monitoring and targeting intervention and prevention programs.
Assessing respiratory rate for children with fever
Authors: A. Kilonback
Journal: BMJ (2012)

External beam radiotherapy plays a critical role in the treatment of most pediatric solid tumors. Particularly in children, achieving an optimal therapeutic index to avoid damage to normal tissue is extremely important. Consequently, in metastatic disease, the utility of external beam radiotherapy is very limited. Molecular radiotherapy with tumor-targeted radionuclides may overcome some of these challenges, but to date no single cancer selective agent exists, capable of treating various pediatric malignancies independent of their histopathological origin. We tested the therapeutic potential of the clinical-grade alkyl-phospholipid ether analog CLR1404 as scaffold for tumor-targeted radiotherapy of pediatric malignancies. <b>Methods:</b> Uptake of CLR1404 by pediatric solid tumor cells was tested in vitro, by flow cytometry, and in vivo, by positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) imaging and dosimetry. The therapeutic potential of <sup>131</sup>I-CLR1404 was evaluated in xenograft models. <b>Results:</b> In vitro, fluorescent CLR1404-BODIPY showed significant selective uptake in a variety of pediatric cancer lines compared to normal controls. In vivo tumor-targeted uptake in mouse xenograft models using <sup>124</sup>I-CLR1404 was confirmed by imaging. Single-dose intravenous injection of <sup>131</sup>I-CLR1404 significantly delayed tumor growth in all rodent pediatric xenograft models and extended animal survival, while demonstrating a favorable side effect profile. <b>Conclusion:</b><sup>131</sup>I-CLR1404 has the potential to become a tumor-targeted radiotherapeutic drug with broad applicability in pediatric oncology. Since <sup>131</sup>I-CLR1404 has entered clinical trials in adults, our data warrants the development of pediatric clinical trials for this particularly vulnerable patient population.