tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
MENTAL HOSPITAL EMPLOYEES, THEIR IMPORTANCE IN FUTURE MENTAL HOSPITAL BETTERMENT
Authors: C. A. BONNER
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1949)

1. Plans to improve mental hospitals should take into consideration the role played by ward personnel. 2. Candidates for positions should be carefully screened, trained, and supervised. 3. The lessons learned by industry can be adapted to our use with resulting improvement in efficiency. 4. The ward plan of care in the general hospital offers a clue to better care of mental patients by a proper division of labor. 5. Means of enlarging the field of choice for ward help is a serious problem in mental hospital betterment.
Cow Dung and Insanitary Flooring
Authors: T. N. S. Raghavachari
Journal: JAMA (1961)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> In regard to the query on insanitary flooring by Dr. E. Walter Masters, of Columbia, S. C., and the reply thereto by Dr. Harry Most (Questions and Answers,<i>JAMA</i><b>175</b>:931 [March 11] 1961), let me be permitted to mention a very striking instance of the value of unbaked cow dung in preventing the spread of plague in infected areas, based on a controlled experiment made in Hyderabad, Deccan, years ago by a medical officer on plague duty. Muslims and Hindus form the normal population of that state, and it was observed during a severe epidemic of plague that the incidence in Hindu homes was much less, almost negligible during some months, than in Muslim houses. The Hindus from time immemorial are in the habit of making an emulsion of cow dung in water and applying it with a piece of cloth over the entire flooring of
Diagnosis of Covert Hepatic Encephalopathy Without Specialized Tests
Authors: Eiman Nabi, Leroy R. Thacker, James B. Wade, Richard K. Sterling, R. Todd Stravitz, Michael Fuchs, Douglas M. Heuman, Iliana Bouneva, Arun J. Sanyal, Mohammad S. Siddiqui, Velimir Luketic, Melanie B. White, Pamela Monteith, Nicole A. Noble, Ariel Unser, Jasmohan S. Bajaj
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2013)
Psychiatric comorbidity in adult eczema
Authors: J. Schmitt, M. Romanos, A. Pfennig, K. Leopold, M. Meurer
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2009)

Atopic eczema (AE) is a common dermatological condition that causes significant problems in everyday life and high levels of illness-related stress in substantial proportions of patients. The extent to which adult AE is associated with clinically relevant psychiatric morbidity is unclear.To investigate the association between adult AE and major psychiatric/psychosomatic disorders.Case-control study utilizing the GKV database Saxony, an interdisciplinary administrative outpatient database from Germany. All patients documented as having AE at least twice within the study period (2003-2004) (n = 3769, mean age 44 years) were individually matched by age and sex to 3769 controls without AE. Logistic regression models were fitted to investigate the relationship of AE with affective, stress-related, behaviour and schizophrenic disorders, considering sociodemographic characteristics, consulting behaviour and allergic comorbidities as potential confounding factors.Eczema was independently associated with affective [adjusted odds ratio (OR) 1.42, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.13-1.79], stress-related (OR 1.55, 95% CI 1.35-1.77), behaviour (OR 1.52, 95% CI 1.03-2.23) and schizophrenic disorders (OR 2.12, 95% CI 1.22-3.71). For each psychiatric condition the likelihood of being affected significantly increased with each physician visit due to AE, suggesting that the risk of psychiatric comorbidity increases with the severity of AE.This study indicates psychiatric comorbidity of adults with AE. Collaboration between dermatologists and mental health specialists may optimize medical care for a significant subgroup of patients with AE.
A genome-wide association study of cleft lip with and without cleft palate identifies risk variants near MAFB and ABCA4
Authors: Terri H Beaty, Jeffrey C Murray, Mary L Marazita, Ronald G Munger, Ingo Ruczinski, Jacqueline B Hetmanski, Kung Yee Liang, Tao Wu, Tanda Murray, M Daniele Fallin, Richard A Redett, Gerald Raymond, Holger Schwender, Sheng-Chih Jin, Margaret E Cooper, Martine Dunnwald, Maria A Mansilla, Elizabeth Leslie, Stephen Bullard, Andrew C Lidral, Lina M Moreno, Renato Menezes, Alexandre R Vieira, Aline Petrin, Allen J Wilcox, Rolv T Lie, Ethylin W Jabs, Yah Huei Wu-Chou, Philip K Chen, Hong Wang, Xiaoqian Ye, Shangzhi Huang, Vincent Yeow, Samuel S Chong, Sun Ha Jee, Bing Shi, Kaare Christensen, Mads Melbye, Kimberly F Doheny, Elizabeth W Pugh, Hua Ling, Eduardo E Castilla, Andrew E Czeizel, Lian Ma, L Leigh Field, Lawrence Brody, Faith Pangilinan, James L Mills, Anne M Molloy, Peadar N Kirke, John M Scott, Mauricio Arcos-Burgos, Alan F Scott
Journal: Nature Genetics (2010)
Sexuality Talk During Adolescent Health Maintenance Visits
Authors: Stewart C. Alexander, J. Dennis Fortenberry, Kathryn I. Pollak, Terrill Bravender, J. Kelly Davis, Truls Østbye, James A. Tulsky, Rowena J. Dolor, Cleveland G. Shields
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2013)

Importance-Physicians may be important sources of sexuality information and preventive services, and one-on-one confidential time during health maintenance visits is recommended to allow discussions of sexual development, behavior, and risk reduction.However, little is known about the occurrence and characteristics of physician-adolescent discussions about sexuality.Objective-To examine predictors of time spent discussing sexuality, level of adolescent participation, and physician and patient characteristics associated with sexuality discussions during health maintenance visits by early and middle adolescents.Design, Setting, and Participants-Observational study of audio-recorded conversations between 253 adolescents (mean age, 14.3 years; 53% female; 40% white; 47% African American) and 49 physicians (82% pediatricians; 84% white; 65% female; mean age, 40.9 years; mean [SD] duration in practice, 11.8 [8.7] years) coded for sexuality content at 11 clinics (3 academic and 8 community-based practices) located throughout the Raleigh/Durham, North Carolina, area.Main Outcomes and Measures-Total time per visit during which sexuality issues were discussed.Results-One hundred sixty-five (65%) of all visits had some sexual content within it.The average time of sexuality talk was 36 seconds (35% 0 seconds; 30% 1-35 seconds; and 35% ≥36 seconds).Ordinal logistic regression (outcome of duration: 0, 1-35, or ≥36 seconds), adjusted for clustering of patients within physicians, found that female patients (odds ratio [OR] = 2.58; 95% CI, 1.53-4.36),older patients (OR = 1.37; 95% CI, 1.13-1.65),conversations with explicit confidentiality discussions (OR = 4.33; 95% CI, 2.58-7.28),African American adolescents (OR = 1.58; 95% CI, 1.01-2.48),and longer overall visit (OR = 1.07; 95% CI, 1.03-1.11)were associated with more sexuality talk, and Asian physicians were associated with less sexuality talk (OR = 0.13; 95% CI, 0.08-0.20).In addition, the same significant associations between adolescent, physician, and visit characteristics were significantly associated with greater adolescent participation.Conclusions and Relevance-Our study may be the first to directly observe sexuality talk between physicians and adolescents.We found that one-third of all adolescents had annual visits without any mention of sexuality issues; when sexuality talk occurred, it was brief.Research is needed to identify successful strategies physicians can use to engage adolescents in discussions about sexuality to help promote healthy sexual development and decision making. Trial Registration-clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT010409752][3] Each of these interventions requires that physicians talk with adolescents about sex.Accurate information supports healthy sexual
Pharmacist–physician hypertension comanagement reduced 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure
Authors: Brett D. Montgomery
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2011)

Source Citation Weber CA, Ernst ME, Sezate GS, Zheng S, Carter BL. Pharmacist-physician comanagement of hypertension and reduction in 24-hour ambulatory blood pressures. Arch Intern Med. 2010;170:1634-9. 20937921
Anti-inflammatory effects of leflunomide in combination with methotrexate on co-culture of T lymphocytes and synovial macrophages from rheumatoid arthritis patients
Authors: M Cutolo
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2005)

To investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of the active leflunomide metabolite A771726 (Lef-M) in combination with methotrexate (MTX) on synovial macrophages (SM) from rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients co-cultured with an activated T cell line (Jurkat cell line).Pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNFalpha, IL1beta, IL6), adhesion molecule ICAM-1, cyclooxygenase isoenzymes (COX1, COX2), and the nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB) complex were analysed on SM co-cultured with a T cell line, as intracellular protein expression by immunocytochemistry (ICC) and western blot analysis, as extracellular protein expression by ELISA assay, and as mRNA expression by reverse transcriptase-multiplex PCR (RT-MPCR) after treatment with Lef-M (1, 10, 30 micromol/l) alone or in combination with MTX (50 ng/ml).The most significant intracellular decrease in cytokines was observed by ICC in SM treated with the combination of Lef-M (1, 10, 30 micromol/l) and MTX (50 ng/ml) versus untreated SM (TNFalpha 29%, 37%, 49%, IL1beta 56%, 43%, 50%, and IL6 59%, 62%, 71%, respectively). Furthermore, a significant decrease was confirmed concerning cytokine levels evaluated by ELISA in the medium of SM treated with the combination Lef-M+MTX (TNFalpha 40%, 41%, 44%; IL1beta 10%, 20%, 60%; IL6 37%, 41%, 49%, respectively). Western blot and RT-PCR analysis confirmed these results. Concordant decreased expression was observed for ICAM-1, COX1, COX2, and the NF-kappaB complex after Lef-M+MTX treatment.The combination of MTX and Lef-M shows additive inhibitory effects on the production of inflammatory mediators from SM co-cultured with a T cell line. These observations might support the positive results obtained in RA clinical studies by combination therapy.
Penicillin Hypersensitivity
Authors: P. de Haan, D. M. Boorsma, G. L. Kalsbeek
Journal: Allergy (1979)

An enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of anti‐penicillin antibodies of the several Ig classes is described. The results of the ELISA in 350 sera of patients suspected of penicillin hypersensitivity are compared with those of the haemagglutination test. In 105 sera penicillin‐specific IgM and/or IgG was demonstrated with the ELISA, the HA test being positive in 49 of these 105 sera. However, in another 14 sera IgM anti‐penicillin antibodies could be shown only with the HA. In 10 sera penicillin‐specific IgE was demonstrated with the ELISA, only four of these being also positive with the RAST. IgE was always found in combination with IgG and/or IgM. The positive correlation of the ELISA and the RAST with the intracutaneous test on penicilloylpolylysine was 26.9% and 15.4% respectively. The ELISA is a simple and reproducible method for the detection of anti‐penicillin antibodies, being more sensitive than the HA and the RAST.
High hepatic and extrahepatic mortality and low treatment uptake in HCV-coinfected persons in the Swiss HIV cohort study between 2001 and 2013
Authors: Helen Kovari, Bruno Ledergerber, Matthias Cavassini, Juan Ambrosioni, Andrea Bregenzer, Marcel Stöckle, Enos Bernasconi, Roger Kouyos, Rainer Weber, Andri Rauch
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2015)
Maintenance of Consciousness During Closed-Chest Massage
Authors: George M. Bernier
Journal: JAMA (1962)

THE MAINTENANCE of cardiac output by means of rhythmic sternal compression during cardiac arrest has found widespread use since its description by Kouwenhoven and associates in 1960. Successful resuscitations of persons with ventricular asystole or ventricular fibrillation have been reported by those utilizing this method of closed-chest massage. The case described in this report illustrates the effectiveness of this method over an extended period (35 min.). It also demonstrates that cerebral perfusion of a sufficient magnitude may be maintained to keep a patient in a responsive state during ventricular fibrillation. Report of a Case A 63-year-old white man was admitted to University Hospitals on Jan. 17, 1961, for the 15th time. The patient was well known to the hospital staff because of multiple Stakes-Adams attacks dating back to 1955, which had required frequent hospitalizations. In 1957 the patient underwent repair of a hiatus hernia and a vagotomy without a significant
Naive B-cell trafficking is shaped by local chemokine availability and LFA-1–independent stromal interactions
Authors: Fernanda M. Coelho, Daniela Natale, Silvia F. Soriano, Miroslav Hons, Jim Swoger, Jürgen Mayer, Renzo Danuser, Elke Scandella, Markus Pieczyk, Hans-Günter Zerwes, Tobias Junt, Andreas W. Sailer, Burkhard Ludewig, James Sharpe, Marc Thilo Figge, Jens V. Stein
Journal: Blood (2013)
Permanent Ventricular Pacing
Authors: DENNIS M. DAVIDSON
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1972)

One hundred and fifty patients with permanent ventricular pacemakers were followed to determine long-term survival statistics, the effect of pacing on congestive heart failure, and the incidence of subsequent myocardial infarction and cerebrovascular accident. A high prevalence of diabetes mellitus in pacing candidates was the only significant atherosclerotic risk. Survival was significantly improved in patients first paced after 1964 compared with those paced earlier. Of 20 patients with preexistent congestive heart failure, 16 markedly improved with pacing. Congestive heart failure occurred for the first time after pacing in 26 patients (17%). Paced patients had 4 myocardial infarctions (expected = 10.6) and 6 cerebrovascular accidents (expected = 7.7). Permanent ventricular pacing produced excellent long-term survival, with no increased risk of myocardial infarction or cerebrovascular accident. Pacing was effective for preexistent refractory congestive heart failure, but congestive heart failure, first appearing after implant, was frequent.
HLA B27, ankylosing spondylitis, and some normal rabbit sera.
Authors: P Mackintosh, P Pease
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1982)

CorrespondenceHLA B27, ankylosing spondylitis, and some normal rabbit sera SIR, Some time ago we gave an account in this journal of our unsuccessful search for serological cross-reactions between Yersinia enterocolitica and lymphocytes from both HLA B27 normal subjects (B27+ AS-) and HLA B27+ ankylosing spondylitis (AS) patients (B27+ AS+).Our purpose in conducting these experiments had been to see if we could find support for the molecular mimicry hypotheses of AS.'We have continued this search and now wish to report some unexpected results which are in themselves of potential interest and at the same time demonstrate the need for caution in the interpretations of results in experi- ments concerning bacterial antisera and human lymphocytes.Our methods for antiserum production and lymphocytotoxicity (LCT) testing were basically the same as those used previously' but with some modifications.We changed to using formalised vaccines for the preparation of rabbit antisera following the report by Geczy et al.2 that the puta- tive cross-reacting klebsiella antigen is heat-labile, and for the LCT we used antisera in dilutions as follows: neat, 1 + 1, 1+2, 1+3, 1+4, and 1+5, and each of these dilutions with complement dilutions as follows: neat, 1 + 1, 1+2, 1+4.In addition to the Y. enterocolitica sera we also made one from Klebsiella pneumoniae (obtained from Dr A. Ebringer, Middlesex Hospital patient 100).When we used the formalised vaccine prepared antisera we obtained positive results with Y. enterocolitica type 9 antiserum even in the standard LCT test described in our previous report, and after these initial positive results we included preimmunisation sera in our tests.As a result of these tests we concluded that the positive results were due to differences in the rabbits we were using, not the change in the method of vaccine production.The results are shown in Table 1 and indicate clearly the preimmunisation serum, that is, apparently normal rabbit serum is capable of causing the cytotoxic effects, and in some cases the kill rate was higher with the preimmunisation serum than that with the postimmunisation one.The fact that the serum contained a high titre of Y. enterocolitica type 9 as measured by haemagglutination and gel-diffusion techniques appears to be totally irrelevant.We obtained a few positive results with the K. pneumoniae serum, but discontinued the use of it because the kill rate was not as high as it was with the Y. enterocolitica.However, those few results indicate that the LCT factor was present in the serum of 2 out of 12 rabbits used in the experiments.
Saudi Arabian Medical School
Authors: S. Barlow
Journal: BMJ (1974)

quantities by the Radiochemical Centre for use by investigators, who are continually evaluating its properties.'We have had the opportunity of testing this2 and comparing it with the silicate and with yttrium-90 citrate from France.The silicate consistently gave good retention in the knee, equivalent to that previously found with the resin col- loid, while the ferric hydroxide-based col- loid and the citrate were less well retained in the knee.In addition the citrate was associated with early lymph node uptake of considerable amounts of radioisotope.We have also analysed the chromosomal damage noted after treatment with these four radiocolloids and have found a low rate of chromosomal damage-equivalent to that after iodine-131 treatment for hyperthy- roidism-with the ferric hydroxide and sili- cate forms of yttrium-90.With the citrate there was considerably more chromosomal damage, roughly equivalent to that found with gold-198.4You mention that there is a reduction of lymph node uptake with hydrocortisone.This is noted only when using gold-198, with which there is a very considerable lymph node uptake of radioactivity.We have attempted the same work with yttrium-90 silicate, but because there is very little lymph node uptake with this latter preparation we have been unable to demonstrate material differences between hydrocortisone-treated patients and control patients in terms of lymph node uptake.-Iam, etc.,
Apolipoprotein E deficiency in mice: gene replacement and prevention of atherosclerosis using adenovirus vectors.
Authors: V S Kashyap, S Santamarina-Fojo, D R Brown, C L Parrott, D Applebaum-Bowden, S Meyn, G Talley, B Paigen, N Maeda, H B Brewer
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1995)

Apolipoprotein E (apoE)-deficient mice develop marked hyperlipidemia as well as atherosclerosis and thus are an excellent animal model for evaluating the potential for gene therapy in human genetic dyslipoproteinemias. Recombinant adenovirus containing either human apoE (rAdv.apoE) or the reporter gene luciferase (rAdv.luc) were generated and infused intravenously in apoE-deficient mice with preinfusion plasma total cholesterol of 644 +/- 149 mg/dl an cholesterol rich VLDL/IDL. After a single infusion of rAdv.apoE, plasma concentrations of human apoE ranging from 1.5 to 650 mg/dl were achieved. Adenovirus-mediated apoE replacement resulted in normalization of the lipid and lipoprotein profile with markedly decreased total cholesterol (103 +/- 18mg/dl), VLDL, IDL, and LDL, as well as increased HDL. Measurement of aortic atherosclerosis 1 mo after adenoviral infusion demonstrated a marked reduction in the mean lesion area of mice infused with rAdv.apoE (58 +/- 8 x 10(3) microns2) when compared with control mice infused with rAdv.luc (161 +/- 10 x 10(3) microns2; P < 0.0001). Thus, apoE expression for 4 wk was sufficient to markedly reduce atherosclerosis, demonstrating the feasibility of gene therapy for correction of genetic hyperlipidemias resulting in atherosclerosis. The combined use of adenovirus vectors and the apoE-deficient mouse represents a new in vivo approach that will permit rapid screening of candidate genes for the prevention of atherosclerosis.
Corvisart's Heart and Great Vessels
Authors: Henry R. Viets
Journal: JAMA (1966)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> The excellent essay on Corvisart inThe Journalfor Jan 17, 1966, calls attention, by a happy inspiration, to the anonymous review of the American edition of Corvisart's famous book on<i>Lesions of the Heart and Great Vessels</i>, published in the first volume of the<i>New England Journal of Medicine and Surgery</i>in 1812. 1. Who wrote the anonymous review? 2. Who was Jacob Gates, the translator? 3. Who printed the book and where was it published? 4. Was the translation a good one? 5. Were other translations from the French into English available at about the same time? 1. The clue to the first question will be found in the last paragraph of the review: It may seem proper for us to speak of the merits of the translation of this valuable book. We lament that we cannot speak of it as we wish. Since unhappily
464 HCV genotypes and pediatric HCV infection
Authors: F. Bortolotti, M. Resti, G. Verucchi, G. Nebbia, R. Giacchino, M.G. Marazzi, M. Marcellini, C. Barbera, G. Maggiore, S. Bartolacci, M. Guido
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2004)
Elective Portal Systemic Shunt
Authors: William V. McDermott, Hugo Palazzi, George L. Nardi, Alberto Mondet
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1961)

THERE have been several previous reports1 2 3 from the Massachusetts General Hospital on various aspects of the problems of portal hypertension.This report presents an analysis of the 237 elective portal systemic shunts from the first operation carried out in 1945 to January, 1959. During the past few years an increasing number of portacaval shunts have been done, permitting a more adequate comparison with the splenorenal shunts and a comparison of the advantages and disadvantages of the two procedures. Since the choice of operation was made purposefully rather than randomly, the comparison loses some validity, but the information is presented with . . .
Detection of An Igm Antiidiotype Directed Against Anti–Hbs in Hepatitis B Patients
Authors: Catherine L. Troisi, Blaine F. Hollinger
Journal: Hepatology (1985)

An IgM-specific anti-[anti-HBs] antibody was detected by radioimmunoassay using anti-IgM-coated beads and 125I-labeled anti-HBs. This antiidiotype was found only in the sera of hepatitis B virus-infected patients, both acute and chronic. However, not all HBsAg-positive patients exhibited this reaction, and activity was correlated with the presence of HBeAg. Approximately 93% of sera that contained antiidiotype activity also contained HBeAg. Conversely, 70% of the sera positive for HBeAg reacted in the IgM assay. No correlation was observed between the presence of antiidiotype and rheumatoid factor or elevated SGPT levels. Two approaches were used to determine whether the reactive moiety was an IgM anti-[anti-HBs] as postulated or an IgM anti-HBs/HBsAg complex. It was shown that chicken anti-HBs sera, which does not share the common idiotype of human and other mammalian anti-HBs, did not block a positive reaction in this radioimmunoassay even though it specifically bound HBsAg. It was also demonstrated that treatment with polyethylene glycol, which will precipitate IgM anti-HBs/HBsAg activity, did not precipitate the reactive moiety in 6 of 7 sera tested, lending further evidence to the existence of an IgM antiidiotype in these patients. It is suggested that this antiidiotype directed against anti-HBs may be involved in a defective feedback mechanism resulting in the suppression of production of anti-HBs and maintenance of the carrier state.