tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Saving in medical costs by achieving guideline‐based asthma symptom control: a population‐based study
Authors: M. Sadatsafavi, W. Chen, H. Tavakoli, J. D. Rolf, R. Rousseau, J. M. FitzGerald
Journal: Allergy (2015)

Abstract Background Asthma control is increasingly used as an outcome measure in asthma trials. Economic evaluations of asthma interventions require converting the impact of interventions on control to impact on resource use. The purpose of this study was to estimate the savings in direct costs by achieving asthma symptom control as defined in the Global Initiative for Asthma ( GINA ) 2014 management strategy. Methods Adolescents and adults with asthma were recruited through random digit dialing. Asthma control per GINA and the use of healthcare resources were assessed at baseline and three‐monthly visits up to 1 year. We used regression models to associate costs, measured in 2012 Canadian dollars ($), with symptom control, adjusting for potential confounding variables. Results The final sample included 517 individuals (average age 48.9, 65.8% female) with mostly mild–moderate asthma contributing 2033 follow‐up visits. In 598 (29.4%), 809 (39.8%), and 626 (30.8%) of visits, asthma was symptomatically controlled, partially controlled, or uncontrolled, respectively. The average 3‐month costs of asthma were $134.5. Of these, 20.5% were attributable to inpatient care, 47.8% to outpatient care, and 31.5% to medication. Compared to controlled asthma, partially controlled asthma was associated with a nonsignificant increase of $9.5 (95% CI ‐$13.6 – $32.6) in adjusted 3‐month costs and uncontrolled asthma with a statistically significant increase of $81.7 (95% CI $48.5 – $114.9). Conclusion A substantial fraction of this population‐based sample of largely mild–moderate asthmatics was symptomatically uncontrolled. Achieving symptom control was associated with a reduction in direct costs. The adjusted values from this study can be used to inform cost‐effectiveness analyses of asthma treatments.
Use of the ligase chain reaction on urine of men and their female sexual partners for detection of genital Chlamydia trachomatis infection
Authors: Fabio Rurnpianesi, Manuela Donati, Michelangelo La Placa, Massinzo Negosanti, Antonietta D'Antuono, R-oberto Cevenini
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (1996)
Induction of Tumors in Syrian Hamsters by a Human Renal Papovavirus, RF Strain2
Authors: Robert M. Dougherty
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1976)

Injection of RF virus (RFV), a papovavirus isolated from human urine, into newborn Syrian hamsters induced subcutaneous sarcomas in 50% of the recipients with 18- to 48-week latent periods. Transplantation of 2 X 10(6) primary RFV-induced tumor cells into weaning hamsters caused tumors in 100% of the recipients within 1-2 weeks. Continuous tissue culture cell lines were established from two primary tumors; one of these was transplantable. An in vitro-transformed continuous cell line (RF-194) obtained by infection of primary hamster embryo fibroblasts with RFV was transplantable in weaning hamsters. Neither infectious RFV nor virion antigens were detected in transformed cells. No RFV was recovered when transformed cells were fused with permissive, human embryo kidney cells by means of inactivated Sendai virus. Immunoperoxidase staining was used to show that all three RFV-transformed cell lines contained an intranuclear T-antigen closely similar to that of simian virus 40(SV40)-infected cells. Most hamsters (84%) with primary or transplanted RFV tumors responded with antibodies that reacted with RFV T-antigen and the T-antigen of SV40-infected cells. Likewise, hamster antisera against SV40 T-antigen cross-reacted with RFV T-antigen. Adsorption of RFV T-antisera with an excess of lyophilized SV40-transformed cells removed all detectable activity against SV40 T-antigen but left significant activity against RFV T-antigen. The reciprocal adsorption produced an antiserum spedicic for SV40 T-antigen. Thus human and simian papovavirus T-antigens were related but immunologically separable.
Breast Imaging With Positron Emission Tomography and Fluorine-18 Fluorodeoxyglucose: Use and Limitations
Authors: N. Avril, C.A. Rosé, M. Schelling, J. Dose, W. Kuhn, S. Bense, W. Weber, S. Ziegler, H. Graeff, M. Schwaiger
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2000)

To evaluate the diagnostic value of positron emission tomography (PET) using fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) for the diagnosis of primary breast cancer.Preoperatively, 144 patients with masses suggestive of breast cancer underwent PET imaging of the breast. To identify breast cancer by increased metabolic activity, parametric FDG-PET images were analyzed for increased tracer uptake applying conventional image reading (CIR) and sensitive image reading (SIR). One hundred eighty-five breast tumors were evaluated by histology, revealing 132 breast carcinomas and 53 benign masses.Breast carcinomas were identified with an overall sensitivity of 64.4% (CIR) and 80.3% (SIR). The increase in sensitivity (SIR) resulted in a noticeable decrease in specificity, from 94.3% (CIR) to 75.5% (SIR). At stage pT1, only 30 (68.2%) of 44 breast carcinomas were detected, compared with 57 (91.9%) of 62 at stage pT2. A higher percentage of invasive lobular carcinomas were false-negative (65.2%) compared with invasive ductal carcinomas (23.7%). Nevertheless, positive PET scans provided a high positive-predictive value (96.6%) for breast cancer.Partial volume effects and varying metabolic activity (dependent on tumor type) seem to represent the most significant limitations for the routine diagnostic application of PET. The number of invasive procedures is therefore unlikely to be significantly reduced by PET imaging in patients presenting with abnormal mammography. However, the high positive-predictive value, resulting from the increased metabolic activity of malignant tissue, may be used with carefully selected subsets of patients as well as to determine the extent of disease or to assess therapy response.
How we treat central apneas
Authors: Margarida Aguiar, Susana Moreira, Richard Staats, Fatima Caeiro, João Valença, Antόnio Bugalho de Almeida
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

In a time when sleep studies are progressively done out of sleep laboratories and the positive pressure devices have many automatic features that allow easy home titration, our sleep clinic thought it would be important to review the cases of central sleep apnea and their titration in the sleep laboratory.  Between 2009 and 2010 patients with central sleep apnea were selected and prospectively followed in our sleep clinic. Demographics, anatomic features, clinical symptoms, initial and therapeutic standard polissonography, associated pathologies and eventual improvements were described.  A total of eleven patients were selected, one female, mean age 64,5±13,3, mean body mass index 30,3± 3,9 kg/m 2 , all snorers, nine referring hypertension, four with heart failure and five with a disease of the central nervous system. All but one referred daytime sleepiness and scored more than 10 in the Epworth scale. The polissonographies showed a mean apnea/hyponea index (AHI) of 44,1±14,7/H and a mean central apnea index of 21,3±8,9 representing 75±21,3% of all apneas.  All patients initiated treatment in our sleep laboratory, at first with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) at a fixed pressure but seven patients had the need for bilevel positive airway pressure (BiPAP) Auto SV. In five patients most respiratory events were corrected allowing a normal AHI and there was a significant improvement in the remaining (mean therapeutic AHI-14,3). All patients improved their daytime sleepiness, maximum ESE of 6.  In conclusion effective treatment is possible with CPAP allowing reduction of costs but this is only possible if the therapy is titrated and started in a sleep laboratory.
Bronchology in the Czech Republic - National surveys during last decades
Authors: Vitezslav Kolek, Miloslav Marel, Pavel Barton
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Czech bronchology has a long tradition and its activities have been monitored for many years. Statistical analysis based on questionnaires was realised in 1977 (Hlobil), 1994 (Marel), 1996, 1999,2003 (Kolek). Increasing trends of total numbers of endoscopes, broncoscopies and especially interventional bronchological procedures were verified in this surveys. Similar questionnaire was sent electronically and via post to all Czech bronchological centres in 2009. Personal and telephone contacts were used to accelerate an adequate response,too. Questions dealt with numbers of bronchoscopists, types of bronchoscopes, diagnostic methods, interventional techniques and system of work. Results were compared with older surveys mentioned above.  In 2009 there were 59 active bronchological centres, which performed 33. 282 bronchoscopies. Out of them 1.637 (4,9%) were done by rigid bronchoscope, 258 were done in children. General anaesthesia was used in 2194, fluoroscopy in 1238 procedures. Altogether 182 bronchoscopists worked with 182 flexible and 87 rigid bronchoscopes, 29 videocameras and 81 videobronchoscopes. Out of all procedures, 544 EBUS, 1724 AFO,1041 NBI and 46 EMN investigations were performed. Doctors performed 1235 laser resections, 246 electrocautheries, 121 stent insertions, 78 afterloadings, 5 plasmacoagulations, 3 cryotherapies and first endobronchial valves insertions.  During last decades, the quantity of bronchological procedures (especially therapeutical and new sophisticated diagnostic methods) is increasing, vice versa the number of bronchological centres is decreasing.
Antibodies to Interleukin-2 Elicit Selective T Cell Subset Potentiation through Distinct Conformational Mechanisms
Authors: Jamie B. Spangler, Jakub Tomala, Vincent C. Luca, Kevin M. Jude, Shen Dong, Aaron M. Ring, Petra Votavova, Marion Pepper, Marek Kovar, K. Christopher Garcia
Journal: Immunity (2015)
TP53 Silencing Bypasses Growth Arrest of BRAFV600E-Induced Lung Tumor Cells in a Two-Switch Model of Lung Tumorigenesis
Authors: Anny Shai, David Dankort, Joseph Juan, Shon Green, Martin McMahon
Journal: Cancer Research (2015)

Lung carcinogenesis is a multistep process in which normal lung epithelial cells are converted to cancer cells through the sequential acquisition of multiple genetic or epigenetic events. Despite the utility of current genetically engineered mouse (GEM) models of lung cancer, most do not allow temporal dissociation of the cardinal events involved in lung tumor initiation and cancer progression. Here we describe a novel two-switch GEM model for BRAF(V600E)-induced lung carcinogenesis allowing temporal dissociation of these processes. In mice carrying a Flp recombinase-activated allele of Braf (Braf(FA)) in conjunction with Cre-regulated alleles of Trp53, Cdkn2a, or c-MYC, we demonstrate that secondary genetic events can promote bypass of the senescence-like proliferative arrest displayed by BRAF(V600E)-induced lung adenomas, leading to malignant progression. Moreover, restoring or activating TP53 in cultured BRAF(V600E)/TP53(Null) or BRAF(V600E)/INK4A-ARF(Null) lung cancer cells triggered a G1 cell-cycle arrest regardless of p19(ARF) status. Perhaps surprisingly, neither senescence nor apoptosis was observed upon TP53 restoration. Our results establish a central function for the TP53 pathway in restricting lung cancer development, highlighting the mechanisms that limit malignant progression of BRAF(V600E)-initiated tumors.
Usefulness of optical coherence tomography for diagnosis and treatment in chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension
Authors: Koichiro Sugimura, Yoshihiro Fukumoto, Yutaka Miura, Kotaro Nochioka, Shunsuke Tatebe, Saori Yamamoto, Masanobu Miura, Kimio Satoh, Hiroaki Shimokawa
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Background: Thrombotic occlusion and/or luminal flaps in pulmonary arteries are characterized with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH). We have recently reported that percutaneous transluminal pulmonary angioplasty (PTPA) markedly improves pulmonary hemodynamics and mid-term prognosis in CTEPH. Here we report the usefulness of optical coherence tomography (OCT), which is an interferometer-based imaging modality with a high resolution, as a novel tool for diagnosis and treatment of CTEPH. Methods and Results: We have prospectively enrolled 79 consecutive patients with pulmonary hypertension, including pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH, n=46) and CTEPH (n=33). First, the OCT images of CTEPH were completely different from those of PAH. All CTEPH had the occlusion or the unique flaps in pulmonary arteries, whereas the pulmonary arteries larger than 1 mm had no obstruction in PAH. Next, in 30 out of 33 patients with inoperable CTEPH, we have performed PTPA in our modified method, which is combined with the OCT evaluation. PTPA significantly reduced mean PAP [45.5±10.6 to 28.0±8.1 mmHg, P<0.01], when OCT examination in 70 procedures revealed that PTPA destroyed the typical flaps in pulmonary arteries and that shifted them to the pulmonary artery walls. Obviously, the luminal areas of pulmonary arteries were enlarged (% enlargement of luminal area in OCT imaging, 63±81%). However, we were unable to perform PTPA to the fully occluded lesions with thrombus, which could be detected and predicted by OCT. Conclusions: These results indicate that OCT is useful to diagnose CTEPH and to identify the target lesions suitable for PTPA in patients with CTEPH.
Tissue Engineering of Functional Trileaflet Heart Valves From Human Marrow Stromal Cells
Authors: Simon P. Hoerstrup, Alexander Kadner, Serguei Melnitchouk, Andreas Trojan, Karim Eid, Jay Tracy, Ralf Sodian, Jeroen F. Visjager, Stefan A. Kolb, Jurg Grunenfelder, Gregor Zund, Marko I. Turina
Journal: Circulation (2002)

Background We previously demonstrated the successful tissue engineering and implantation of functioning autologous heart valves based on vascular-derived cells. Human marrow stromal cells (MSC) exhibit the potential to differentiate into multiple cell-lineages and can be easily obtained clinically. The feasibility of creating tissue engineered heart valves (TEHV) from MSC as an alternative cell source, and the impact of a biomimetic in vitro environment on tissue differentiation was investigated. Methods and Results Human MSC were isolated, expanded in culture, and characterized by flow-cytometry and immunohistochemistry. Trileaflet heart valves fabricated from rapidly bioabsorbable polymers were seeded with MSC and grown in vitro in a pulsatile-flow-bioreactor. Morphological characterization included histology and electron microscopy (EM). Extracellular matrix (ECM)-formation was analyzed by immunohistochemistry, ECM protein content (collagen, glycosaminoglycan) and cell proliferation (DNA) were biochemically quantified. Biomechanical evaluation was performed using Instron™. In all valves synchronous opening and closing was observed in the bioreactor. Flow-cytometry of MSC pre-seeding was positive for ASMA, vimentin, negative for CD 31, LDL, CD 14. Histology of the TEHV-leaflets demonstrated viable tissue and ECM formation. EM demonstrated cell elements typical of viable, secretionally active myofibroblasts (actin/myosin filaments, collagen fibrils, elastin) and confluent, homogenous tissue surfaces. Collagen types I, III, ASMA, and vimentin were detected in the TEHV-leaflets. Mechanical properties of the TEHV-leaflets were comparable to native tissue. Conclusion Generation of functional TEHV from human MSC was feasible utilizing a biomimetic in vitro environment. The neo-tissue showed morphological features and mechanical properties of human native-heart-valve tissue. The human MSC demonstrated characteristics of myofibroblast differentiation.
Glycosphingolipids of Metastatic Variant RNA Virus-Transformed Nonproducer Balb/3T3 Cell Lines: Altered Metabolism and Cell Surface Exposure&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN3"&gt;3&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Ganesa Yogeeswaran, Barry S. Stein
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1980)

Journal Article Glycosphingolipids of Metastatic Variant RNA Virus-Transformed Nonproducer Balb/3T3 Cell Lines: Altered Metabolism and Cell Surface Exposure Get access Ganesa Yogeeswaran, Ganesa Yogeeswaran 4Department of Cancer Biology, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, P.O. Box 85800, San Diego, Calif. 92138. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Barry S. Stein Barry S. Stein 4Department of Cancer Biology, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, P.O. Box 85800, San Diego, Calif. 92138. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 65, Issue 5, November 1980, Pages 967–976, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/65.5.967 Published: 01 November 1980 Article history Received: 05 February 1980 Accepted: 07 April 1980 Published: 01 November 1980
Producing Evidence to Reduce Low-Value Care
Authors: David H. Howard, Cary P. Gross
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
A cheap soundbite
Authors: Adam Magos, Allan Maclean, Daryll Baker, Nicholas Goddard, Olagunju Ogunbiyi
Journal: BMJ (2007)

We were astounded to read that the Department of Health plans to ban doctors from wearing white coats because of the risk of cross infection.1 2 The package describes a “bare below the elbows” dress code (short sleeves, no wrist watch, no jewellery, no ties when carrying out clinical activity).

What is the evidence for this? It is impossible to …
Asthma in elderly - What is the difference?
Authors: Bjorn Stallberg, Karin Lisspers, Mary Kämpe, Scott Montgomery, Josefin Sundh, Eva Österlund Efraimsson, Christer Janson
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Aim:  To study differences between older and younger asthmatics.   Methods:  Patients aged 18-75 with a diagnosis of asthma were randomly selected from 56 primary and 14 secondary care centres in Sweden. Information was collected in 2005 using questionnaires (71% response) and record review for the period of 2000-2003. History of comorbidities, allergy and spirometry data was obtained from the records. This analysis included patients aged 25-75.   Results:  Some 1094 patients (764 from primary and 330 from secondary care) were included, 215 aged 25-39 (younger adults, YA), 618 aged 40-63 (middle age, MA) and 261 aged 64-75 (older adults, OA) with 40% men. Daily smoking was less common in older age: YA 12%, MA 13%, OA 5% (p=0.007). There was no age difference regarding depression: YA 10%, MA 11%, OA 7% (ns). Heart disease and hypertension were more common in the older group, 27% and 32%, compared with 7% and 18% in MA, respectively. Allergic rhinitis was commoner in the younger: YA 51%, MA 26%, OA 16% (p  Treatment varied by age: 29% of YA, 24% of MA and 22% of OA were on step 2 while 43% of YA, 56% of MA and 63% of OA were on step 3 (p  Total mean of MiniAQLQ was lower in the older: YA 5.61, MA 5.25 and OA 5.01 (p   Conclusion:  Older asthmatics had poorer asthma control than younger, despite medication on higher treatment level.
Stromal biology and therapy in pancreatic cancer: a changing paradigm
Authors: Albrecht Neesse, Hana Algül, David A Tuveson, Thomas M Gress
Journal: Gut (2015)

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) exhibits one of the poorest prognosis of all solid tumours and poses an unsolved problem in cancer medicine. Despite the recent success of two combination chemotherapies for palliative patients, the modest survival benefits are often traded against significant side effects and a compromised quality of life. Although the molecular events underlying the initiation and progression of PDA have been intensively studied and are increasingly understood, the reasons for the poor therapeutic response are hardly apprehended. One leading hypothesis over the last few years has been that the pronounced tumour microenvironment in PDA not only promotes carcinogenesis and tumour progression but also mediates therapeutic resistance. To this end, targeting of various stromal components and pathways was considered a promising strategy to biochemically and biophysically enhance therapeutic response. However, none of the efforts have yet led to efficacious and approved therapies in patients. Additionally, recent data have shown that tumour-associated fibroblasts may restrain rather than promote tumour growth, reinforcing the need to critically revisit the complexity and complicity of the tumour–stroma with translational implications for future therapy and clinical trial design.
London Medical Schools
Authors: Graham Zellick
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2001)

May I make three brief comments on the interesting article ‘The flowering of London pride: finding a name for it’ (July 2001 JRSM, pp. 355-357) by Professor Crisp, Sir David Innes Williams and Mr Price?

One significant omission is any reference to the 1992 report by Professor Sir Bernard Tomlinson which actually brought about the present configuration of London medical schools.

Secondly, the sentence ‘The degrees for the moment remain those of the University of London’ (emphasis added) calls for comment. While nothing these days can be predicted with any certainty, it should be made clear that the University of London degree is one of the most powerful unifying forces in the federal University and it is a condition of membership that every College, even if it has its own degree-awarding powers, must leave those in suspense and award degrees of the University. That policy, so far as I know, commands universal support across the University.

Thirdly, the authors revive the Flowers suggestion that the new groupings of medical schools within their multifaculty Colleges should be renamed. Tomlinson was wise enough not to venture into this territory, let alone make any concrete suggestions.

It was left to each group to determine their own names. Now, as those institutions are settling down within their new institutions, is hardly the moment to reopen this question. I was very much involved in one of these sets of mergers and know better than most what the difficulties were and not least the sensitivities with regard to name.

Rather than pull out the names of great medical scientists in the history of London's medical schools and teaching hospitals, it is even more important where possible to retain those names of medical schools with a distinguished history and tradition which resonate in the medical world; and the second imperative is to ensure that these new schools become fully a part of the multi-faculty College of which they are now a part. Importing new names and titles would damage that process and create even more uncertainty.