tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Psychiatrists Portrayed In Fiction
Authors: Marjorie C. Meehan
Journal: JAMA (1964)

ARE PSYCHIATRISTS magicians, opportunists, soul doctors, capable therapists, villains, stupid, selfish fools, clever, unfeeling scientists, or perhaps complex unhappy individuals capable of curing others but not of solving their own problems? Yes, all of these and more, if we accept the portrayals in 20th-century fiction. Certainly, while real psychiatrists vary in personality and in their image of their own role, it is doubtful that they cover quite so wide a range of character as their fictional counterparts. In the past 40 years psychiatrists have often appeared in novels, plays, and short stories and it is apparent that the authors vary greatly in their opinion of these doctors. <h3>Villains</h3> Graham Greene, in<i>The Ministry of Fear</i>(1943), describes a Dr. Forester who apparently started as an idealist, an admirer of Tolstoi. As a pacifist, he associated with groups opposed to the government and then gradually became involved in complex plotting and
Abstract LB-85: Damage-inducible intragenic demethylation activates transcription of an alternative intronic promoter in TP53-wildtype but not mutant human cells and tumors
Authors: James Blackburn, Robert Ng, Daniel Roden, Jianmin Wu, Richard J. Epstein
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Unlike the well-known effects of promoter methylation, the functional significance of altered intragenic (gene body) CpG methylation remains unclear, particularly in genes such as the TP53 tumor suppressor which lack a 5′ CpG island. Here we show that CpG-specific demethylation of TP53 exon 5 in normal human and mouse cells is inducible by X-irradiation; this is accompanied by co-expression of a 5′-truncated TP53 isoform, raising the possibility that demethylation permits transcription from the known alternative promoter (P2) in intron 4. Consistent with this, in vivo expression of fully pre-methylated TP53 exonic constructs is associated with reduced basal and damage-inducible expression of both full-length and truncated TP53. In contrast, virally TP53-reconstituted Caco-2 and PC-3 human cancer cell lines respond to damage by upregulating expression of full-length TP53 and reducing expression of the truncated RNA isoform; CDKN1A expression varies directly with P2 isoform expression but inversely with the P1 transcript in these cells, suggesting that the isoform mediates downstream transactivation. 450K methylation analysis of adjacent normal and TP53-mutated human pancreatic cancer tissues suggests a mutation-specific decrease of intragenic TP53 methylation in intron 1 near P1 (p &amp;lt; 0.02 ) and a reciprocal increase in intron 4 near P2 (p &amp;lt; 0.01). Archival TP53 database analysis indicates that CpG-specific mutation frequency in human tumors is inversely associated with damage-inducible demethylation at the same sites in vitro (Spearman coefficient -7.1 ), consistent with methylation-dependent downregulation of transcription-coupled repair. We conclude that intragenic alterations of TP53 methylation are both physiologically inducible and functional, and hypothesise that tumor progression is drivable by either (i) intragenic hypermethylation affecting P1 as a field defect in TP53-wt tumor or adjacent normal tissues, or (ii) damage-inducible repression of P2 isoform expression associated with defective intron 4 demethylation, together with overexpression of full-length p53, in TP53-mutant tumors and cells. Citation Format: James Blackburn, Robert Ng, Daniel Roden, Jianmin Wu, Richard J. Epstein. Damage-inducible intragenic demethylation activates transcription of an alternative intronic promoter in TP53-wildtype but not mutant human cells and tumors. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-85. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-LB-85
The residual cognitive effects of heavy marijuana use in college students
Authors: H. G. Pope
Journal: JAMA (1996)

To assess whether frequent marijuana use is associated with residual neuropsychological effects.Single-blind comparison of regular users vs infrequent users of marijuana.Two samples of college undergraduates: 65 heavy users, who had smoked marijuana a median of 29 days in the last 30 days (range, 22 to 30 days) and who also displayed cannabinoids in their urine, and 64 light users, who had smoked a median of 1 day in the last 30 days (range, 0 to 9 days) and who displayed no urinary cannabinoids.Subjects arrived at 2 PM on day 1 of their study visit, then remained at our center overnight under supervision. Neuropsychological tests were administered to all subjects starting at 9 AM on day 2. Thus, all subjects were abstinent from marijuana and other drugs for a minimum of 19 hours before testing.Subjects received a battery of standard neuropsychological tests to assess general intellectual functioning, abstraction ability, sustained attention, verbal fluency, and ability to learn and recall new verbal and visuospatial information.Heavy users displayed significantly greater impairment than light users on attention/executive functions, as evidenced particularly by greater perseverations on card sorting and reduced learning of word lists. These differences remained after controlling for potential confounding variables, such as estimated levels of premorbid cognitive functioning, and for use of alcohol and other substances in the two groups.Heavy marijuana use is associated with residual neuropsychological effects even after a day of supervised abstinence from the drug. However, the question remains open as to whether this impairment is due to a residue of drug in the brain, a withdrawal effect from the drug, or a frank neurotoxic effect of the drug. from marijuana
PROTEOMIC ANALYSIS OF CIRCULATING HUMAN PLATELETS REVEALS POTENTIAL BIOMARKERS IN NON-ST SEGMENT ELEVATION ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME
Authors: José Ramón González-Juanatey, Andrés F. Parguiña, Isaac Rosa, Lilián Grigorian-Shamagián, Elvis Teijeira-Fernández, Jana Alonso, Rosa Agra, ángel García
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Remarks on Carcinomata and Coccidia
Authors: E. Metschnikoff
Journal: BMJ (1892)

IN a review published quite recently, M. Baumgarten2 re- proaches AI.Ziegler, the author of the treatise on pathological anatomy most widely read at present, with not accepting Cohnheim's theory respecting tumours.In M. Baumgarten's view this theory " is for the present the only acceptable, and probably also the only true one, of all the theories put for- ward in this most obscure branch of pathological histology."Cohnheim's theory of tumours, which is widely accepted by pathologists, especially in Germany, is that tumours in general, and malignant tumours in particular, are due tolthe exaggerated vegetation of primary foci detached from the embryonic folds, and gone astray in different parts of the or- ganism.These stray germs of tumours may (according to Cohnheim's theory) exist during a series of years, or of decades, without giving any sign of their presence; but after a long period of inactivity the particles of the embryonic fold begin to proliferate in an extraordinary manner, over-running the individual, and in the end killing him.This theory is not deduced from facts established by scienti- fic methods, but has been built up in a purely speculative man- ner, and rests only on probabilities.As embryonic folds are peculiar to all metazoa (that is to say, multicellular animals), it is quite natural to suppose that invertebrates are also suitable subjects for the development of tumours analo- gous to those of man and the superior animals.Monstrosities due to the abnormal development of different parts of their organism are often observed in all kinds of ver- tebrates; but although the inferior animals possess an ecto- derm and an entoderm like vertebrates, nothing has ever been found in them resembling epithelial tumours
Infants and Gin Mania in 18th-Century London
Authors: Alvin E. Rodin
Journal: JAMA (1981)

A study of Hogarth's engraving, Gin Lane, highlights the fact that alcoholic addiction parents results not only in the fetal alcohol syndrome, but also in other types of infant abuse. Physical trauma, loss of parents, neglect, and malnutrition are all depicted. There is the strong implication that the causes of such infant abuse, and thus the prevention, lie largely in socioeconomic and cultural fields, rather than in that of medical science.
Abstract 5153: Steroid receptor coactivator-2 mediates oncogenic reprogramming of cancer cell metabolism
Authors: Subhamoy Dasgupta, Bin Zhang, Jean-Francois Louet, Bert W. O'Malley
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Steroid receptor coactivators/p160 (SRC) are frequently amplified and overexpressed in various human cancers which mediate transcriptional functions of nuclear receptors and other transcription factors, providing survival advantage to cancer cells. Recent findings from genomic profiling of human prostate tumors have identified SRC-2 (also known as NCOA2/TIF2), one of the SRC family member as the major oncogene. SRC-2 was found to be significantly enhanced in 8% of primary tumors and 37% of metastatic tumors, and its expression positively correlated with disease recurrence. This suggests SRC-2 oncogene may play crucial role in the development and metastatic progression of prostate cancer. The current study is aimed to understand the molecular function of SRC-2 in the pathogenesis of prostate cancer. RNAi mediated knockdown of SRC-2 in cultured prostate cancer cell lines significantly reduced the cell viability and this phenotype was rescued by ectopic overexpression of SRC-2. Since SRC-2 coactivator is a master regulator of key metabolic pathways in normal cellular physiology, we investigated its role in cancer cell metabolism. Depletion of SRC-2 severely impairs accumulation of lipid droplets, suggesting SRC-2 regulates lipogenesis in cancer cells. Lipid biosynthetic pathways are integral part of cancer cell growth generating fatty acids and cholesterol required for the biogenesis of membrane. Lipids derive majority of carbon chain from glucose flux by diverting pyruvate into acetyl coenzyme A, an important precursor for lipid biosynthesis. Initial screening identified SRC-2 regulates expression of key metabolic enzymes 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGCR), pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH), fatty acid synthase (FASN), and stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD1) involved in fatty acid and cholesterol biosynthesis. Interestingly we found expression of HMGCR, FASN and PDH is dramatically increased in metastatic C4-2 cells compared to parental LNCaP cells, and their expression can be reversed by SRC-2 depletion. Ongoing studies will further examine the regulation of glucose and pyruvate metabolism by SRC-2 and its importance in cancer cell metastasis. Although it is well known that many tumours exhibit increased glycolysis, less clear is how associated metabolic pathways are affected and whether they contribute to cancer cell proliferation. These analyses will allow us to identify unpredictable nodes of metabolic regulation by SRC-2 oncogene and may provide rational treatment approaches for targeting tumor metabolism. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5153. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-5153
A Clinical and Statistical Study of the Effect of Gastrojejunostomy on Human Gastric Secretion
Authors: H. I. Tankel, I. E. Gillespie, D. H. Clark, A. W. Kay, J. McArthur
Journal: Gut (1960)

By a statistical study using the Kay augmented histamine test it has been shown that performing a gastrojejunostomy has no fundamental effect on gastric secretion and that the post-operative differences are due entirely to reflux and/or loss through the stoma.
Persistence of polybrominated biphenyls (PBB) in human post-mortem tissue.
Authors: J N Miceli, D C Nolan, B Marks, M Hariharan
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1985)

Polybrominated biphenyl (PBB), a fire retardant, was accidentally substituted for an animal feed supplement in Michigan 10 years ago. This led to widespread livestock contamination and ultimately to contamination of virtually every human residing in the State at that time. In order to evaluate the extent of PBB persistence and distribution in human tissues 10 years after this accidental poisoning, a study was conducted on a series of autopsy cases from the Grand Rapids ("high" exposure) area of the State. No attempt was made to relate cause of death to PBB exposure or tissue concentration. Samples of 196 tissues from 15 subjects were analyzed for PBB content, and levels were determined by measurement of the hexabromobiphenyl peak using electron capture gas chromatography. Only 4 of the 196 samples analyzed did not have PBB concentration above the limit of detection (0.5 ng/g). As expected, fat and fat-rich tissue had the highest PBB concentration. Perirenal fat had the highest mean concentration (475 ng/g). Adrenal, atheromatus aorta and thymus had mean concentrations about half that of perirenal fat; all other tissues had mean concentrations one-tenth or less of perirenal fat. The results document that PBB is still present in human tissue and that PBB was distributed in all tissues examined. The PBB fat elimination half-time was estimated to be at least 7.8 years. If this is approximately correct, PBB will persist in tissues throughout the lifetime of humans so contaminated.
603 A MULTICENTER ITALIAN CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY IN ELDERLY PATIENTS WITH HEPATITIS C VIRUS (HCV) INFECTION
Authors: F. Conti, M.L. Morieri, A. Gramenzi, C. Cammá, A. Grieco, A. Picciotto, G. Taliani, D. Romagno, P. Costa, M. Rendina, F. Ancarani, M. Chiaramonte, G. Verucchi, A. Craxì, M. Bernardi, P. Andreone
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)
Case 11-1967
Authors: Paul D. White, Walter G. J. Putschar
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1967)

Presentation of Case First admission. A sixty-year-old welder entered the hospital because of pain in the chest.He had been well until two weeks previously, when he was awakened by severe substernal pain. On admission to another hospital he was in shock, and a left-sided hemothorax was found. The hemoglobin was reported to have fallen despite the transfusion of 3 units of blood. A second episode of severe pain in the chest occurred, and he was transferred to this hospital. An x-ray film of the chest taken two years previously was interpreted as normal.The patient was a well . . .
The safety and efficacy of a proteolytic ointment in the treatment of chronic ulcers of the lower extremity
Authors: Anna F. Falabella, Polly Carson, William H. Eaglstein, Vincent Falanga
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (1998)

Elase is a widely used ointment consisting of a combination of 2 proteolytic enzymes, fibrinolysin and desoxyribonuclease (DNAse). It is said to promote debridement of necrotic and purulent debris from skin ulcers.Our purpose was to assess the efficacy and safety of this ointment and its components in the treatment of chronic ulcers of the lower extremity.This was a double-blind, randomized, prospective study of 84 patients with leg ulcers exhibiting necrotic and purulent debris, who were treated for 21 days with twice-daily applications of the ointment, fibrinolysin, DNAse, or who received the ointment vehicle (placebo). We assessed 6 efficacy features: ulcer size, purulent exudate, necrotic tissue, erythema, pain, and overall condition of the lesion at days 8, 15, and 21 after initiation of treatment. We also assessed the frequency of adverse effects.All treatments produced some improvement in the efficacy parameters and overall condition of the ulcers by week 3, but no statistically significant difference was found when compared with placebo. No serious adverse effects were noted. A later retrospective reanalysis of the data found a statistically significant reduction of purulent exudate only at days 3 and 7 of treatment in the group treated with the complete ointment, but not in the other features.The proteolytic ointment provides no long-term clinical benefit in reducing purulent exudate, pain, erythema, necrotic tissue, or overall condition of chronic leg ulcers when compared with either of its two components or placebo.
Phenotypic heterogeneity of human T‐cell malignancies: Demonstration by monoclonal antibodies and cytochemical markers
Authors: Daniel M. Knowles, James P. Halper, Genevieve A. Machin, Peter Byeff, Roland Mertelsman, Leonard Chess
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1982)

Abstract The present study sought to delineate the phenotypic heterogeneity of the human T‐cell malignancies. Twenty T‐cell neoplasms were investigated for reactivity with the OKT hybridoma monoclonal antibodies and expression of acid α‐naphthyl acetate esterase (ANAE), β‐glucuronidase (BG), and acid phosphatase (AP) activity. Twelve cases (Mycosis fungoides, Sezary syndrome, cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma, chronic lymphocytic leukemia) were OKT3 + T4 + , ie, expressed the phenotype commonly associated with mature T‐helper cells. These cases were further divisible into ANAE + BG + (6 cases), ANAE ‐ BG + (5 cases), and ANAE ‐ BG ‐ (1 case) phenotypes. In contrast to the 12 OKT3 + T4 + cases, the remaining 8 cases showed considerable inter‐ and intratumor heterogeneity with respect to reactivity with the OKT antibodies. Six of these cases (acute lymphoblastic leukemia, lymphoblastic lymphoma) expressed phenotypes consistent with various intrathymic stages of T‐cell differentiation. Five of the latter 6 cases were AP + BG + ANAE ‐ , analogous to the majority of normal cortical thymocytes; an OKT3 + T4 ‐ T8 + T10 + neoplasm was ANAE + , analogous to normal medullary thymocytes. Two cases expressed the previously undescribed OKT3 + T4 ‐ T8 ‐ T10 + phenotype. These studies demonstrate that the T‐cell malignancies are divisible into phenotypes which correspond to normal maturational stages of T‐cell differentiation and functionally distinct T‐cell subsets. Phenotypic analysis of the human T‐cell malignancies may provide a basis for understanding their biological heterogeneity and may aid in the identification of transitional stages of T‐cell differentiation and minor T‐cell subsets.
A 48-hour exposure of pancreatic islets to calpain inhibitors impairs mitochondrial fuel metabolism and the exocytosis of insulin
Authors: Yun-Ping Zhou, Seamus Sreenan, Chien-Yuan Pan, Kevin P.M. Currie, Vytautas P. Bindokas, Yukio Horikawa, Jean-Pyo Lee, Diane Ostrega, Noreen Ahmed, Aaron C. Baldwin, Nancy J. Cox, Aaron P. Fox, Richard J. Miller, Graeme I. Bell, Kenneth S. Polonsky
Journal: Metabolism (2003)
Doxazosin induces activation of GADD153 and cleavage of focal adhesion kinase in cardiomyocytes en route to apoptosis
Authors: S EIRAS, P FERNANDEZ, R PINEIRO, M IGLESIAS, J GONZALEZJUANATEY, F LAGO
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2006)

The alpha 1-adrenoreceptor blocker doxazosin, which in the ALLHAT trial was associated with a greater risk of heart failure than the diuretic chlorthalidone, induces the apoptosis of human and murine cardiomyocytes regardless of alpha 1-adrenoreceptor blockade. We aimed to throw light on the mechanism of this process.Murine cardiomyocytes (HL-1) and primary cultures of human and neonatal rat cardiomyocytes were treated with 25 micromol/L doxazosin for between 0.5 and 48 h. cDNA microarray analysis, real-time RT-PCR, and Western blotting were performed to detect possible changes in gene expression and/or activation of proteins that could be involved in doxazosin-induced apoptosis.Microarray analysis revealed changes in the expression of genes directly involved in the apoptotic end-stage of the cellular response to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Doxazosin considerably increased transcription and translation of gadd153, C/epb beta, and DOC-1 in cardiomyocytes as well as translocation of GADD153 to the nucleus, phosphorylation of p38 MAPK (a GADD153 activator), and the initial phosphorylation and subsequent cleavage of focal adhesion kinase (FAK). Experiments repeated following blockade of alpha(1)-adrenoreceptors showed no alteration of the above effects of doxazosin.Doxazosin induces the apoptosis of cardiomyocytes via the ER pathway, with increased production of C/EBP beta, GADD153 and DOC-1. Likewise it increases phosphorylation of the GADD153 activator p38 MAPK and induces first the phosphorylation, and then the cleavage, of FAK. These effects are not mediated by alpha 1-adrenoreceptors.
Clinical outcome 5 years after attempted percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty in 427 patients.
Authors: J D Talley, J W Hurst, S B King, J S Douglas, G S Roubin, A R Gruentzig, H V Anderson, W S Weintraub
Journal: Circulation (1988)

This study was performed to define the 5 year clinical status of 427 patients who underwent percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) in 1981. Their mean age was 54 +/- 10 years (+/- 1 SD). Sixty-one percent had unstable angina, 23% had prior myocardial infarction, 86% had one-vessel disease, and 92% had normal left ventricular function. Sixty-seven percent of patients had left anterior descending artery stenosis. Angiographic success was achieved in 84% of patients. Coronary bypass surgery was required in 9.6% of patients, in 5.9% as an emergency procedure. There were no in-hospital deaths. Follow-up at 5 years was 100% complete. There were 15 late deaths (96.3 +/- 1.0% survival), including seven of cardiac cause (98.1 +/- 0.7% cardiac survival). Myocardial infarction occurred in 24 patients (94% freedom from myocardial infarction), coronary bypass surgery was required in 63 (84% freedom from bypass surgery), and 365 patients (85%) were asymptomatic at follow-up. At 5 years, 83 patients (20%) had required an additional PTCA. Unstable angina pectoris and proximal left anterior descending coronary artery stenoses were present in 162 patients. The overall survival and cardiac survival in this subset was 94.4 +/- 1.8% and 98.1 +/- 1.1%, respectively. The excellent survival and low event rates over 5 years in this population support the concept that PTCA is safe and effective for patients with symptomatic angina pectoris, single-vessel disease, and normal left ventricular function.
Management of Breast Cancer: Limited Mastectomy
Authors: George Crile
Journal: JAMA (1974)

MY stand on the treatment of breast cancer has been widely misunderstood. Many surgeons believe that I advocate what the British call "lumpectomy" and irradiation. Nothing could be further from the truth. I do, however, stand firmly against the traditional radical mastectomy. I consider it to be archaic, and I believe that it has no place in the modern treatment of breast cancer. I strongly support modified radical mastectomy. It is primarily indicated for a patient who, at the time of operation, has palpable involvement of a few low or central axillary nodes. If the involvement is extensive, however, and particularly if the nodes at the apex are palpably involved, I agree with Haagenson that the axilla should not be dissected. It is better to rely on irradiation to control the cancer in the apical, supraclavicular, and internal mammary nodes. In patients who at the time of operation have no
Relationship Between Clinical and Laboratory Criteria and Results of Double Blind Placebo Controlled Food challenge (DBPCFC) for the IgE Mediated Cow's Milk Allergy Diagnosis in Pediatric Patients
Authors: A.K.F. Gushken, G.H. Yonamine, A.P.B.M. Castro, U. Doria-filho, A.C. Brandão, C.M.L. Beck, L.A. Watanabe, A.B.F. Fomin, A.C. Pastorino, C.M.A. Jacob
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2011)