tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 130: Effect of Cardiopulmonary Bypass Resuscitation on Outcomes After Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest: A Nationwide Observational and Propensity Score--Matched Analysis
Authors: Sang Do Shin, Kyoung Jun Song, Eui Jung Lee, Young Sun Ro, Yu Jin Lee
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Objective: This study aimed to determine whether cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) resuscitation comparing with conventional cardiopulmonary resuscitation (C-CPR) is associated with improved OHCA outcomes in Korea. Methods: We used a Korean national OHCA cohort database composed of hospital and ambulance data. We included all EMS-treated OHCA with presumed cardiac etiology for the period Jan. 2009 to Dec. 2012 excluding cases without available hospital outcome data. The primary exposure was CPB resuscitation during CPR at emergency department (ED). The endpoints were survival to admission, hospital discharge with brain recovery (cerebral performance category 1 or 2). We compared outcomes between CPB versus non-CBP group using multivariable logistic regression for calculating adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), adjusting for individual, Utstein, post-resuscitation factors, and comorbidities. using original and propensity-score matched datasets. Results: Of 93,562 patients with OHCA, we included 55,255 excluding non-treated (n=14,733), non-cardiac (n=23,521), and unknown brain recovery at discharge (n=55). Overall survival to admission and to discharge with good brain recovery was 13.5% and 2.1%, respectively. CPB was performed in 207 (0.4%); 0.1% (2009), 0.2% (2010), 0.4% (2011), 0.7% (2012), respectively. Survival to admission was significantly higher in CPB group (78.3%) than non-CPB (13.3%) in original dataset (Adjusted OR=9.98, 95% CI 7.00-14.24). Discharge with good brain recovery was significantly higher in CPB (9.7%) than non-CPB (2.0%) but adjusted OR (95% CI) was not significant in original dataset; 1.15 (0.62-2.13). From propensity score matched dataset (N=414 from 207 CPB cases and 207 non-CPB cases), survival to admission was significantly higher in CPB group (78.3%) than non-CPB (56.0%) (Adjusted OR=5.37, 95% CI 2.82-10.21). Discharge with good brain recovery was significantly lower in CPB (9.7%) than non-CPB (15.9%) with adjusted OR (95% CI); 0.51 (0.24-1.11). Conclusions: The CPB resuscitation has been increased by year and was associated with higher survival to admission. But it is not associated with hospital discharge with brain recovery in nationwide observational study in Korea.
Inhibition of carboxyleseterase activity: Can co-administered agents reduce irinotecan and capecitabine activation?
Authors: Sara K. Quinney, Daryl J. Murry, William F. Bosron
Journal: Cancer Research (2004)

Proc Amer Assoc Cancer Res, Volume 45, 2004

2022 

Carboxylesterase enzymes are involved in the metabolism of drugs containing ester and amide constituents. The anticancer agents capecitabine and irinotecan (CPT-11) undergo in vivo activation requiring carboxylesterases. The purpose of this study was to develop a simple screening assay to identify drugs that bind to carboxylesterases in order to identify potential drug-drug interactions with capecitabine or irinotecan. Methods: Drugs commonly co-administered with irinotecan or capecitabine were evaluated. Drugs were incubated with purified human carboxylesterases, CES1 and CES2. Inhibition constants (Ki) were determined spectrophotometrically by monitoring conversion of 4-methylumbilliferyl acetate (4-MUA) to 4-methlyumbelliferone at 350 nm in the presence of varying concentrations of inhibitor and purified CES1 or CES2. The data were fit to the equation: %inhibition =[I]/([I]+Ki(1+[S]/Km)) to obtain Ki. Results: Of the drugs tested, loperamide was found to inhibit both CES1 and CES2 to the greatest extent (Ki = 220 μM and 0.16 μM, respectively). Dolasetron mesylate and docetaxel inhibited hydrolysis of 4-MUA to a weaker extent, with Ki’s for CES1 of 0.17 mM and 0.34 mM and for CES2 of 0.22 mM and 0.34 mM, respectively. Atropine and dexamethasone had little effect on 4-MUA hydrolysis. Conclusions: Inhibition of irinotecan or capecitabine activation by concomitantly administered drugs may reduce the efficacy of these agents. This screening assay using 4-MUA is an efficient method for identifying drug interactions with human carboxylesterase. Loperamide was found to inhibit CES1 and CES2, raising the concern that patient self-medication with such over-the-counter medications may adversely effect the patient’s response to irinotecan or capecitabine. Additional studies evaluating nutritional supplements, prescription and over-the-counter medications are warranted.(Research supported by the Purdue Research Foundation and NIH R21 CA93833.)
Doctors demand more information on GMC candidates
Authors: Clare Dyer, Annabel Ferriman
Journal: BMJ (2000)

The General Medical Council came under fire last week after it emerged that the regulatory body's newest member had been struck off in the 1980s by the GMC itself for serious professional misconduct, including three driving convictions.

Doctors are angry at the lack of information on candidates for election after it came to light that Dr Jennifer Colman—who polled the most votes of 50 doctors in a recent by-election—had been found guilty of serious professional misconduct in 1987 for rudeness to colleagues …
Abstract 258: Gender Difference and Outcome of Witnessed Patients With Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest: Impact of the Administered ALS Procedures Before Hospital Arrival
Authors: Kunihiko Matsui, Sunao Kojima, Yoshihiko Seino, Hisao Ogawa, Naohiro Yonemoto, Hiroshi Nonogi, Takeshi Kimura, Ken Nagao, Japanese Circulation Society-Resuscitation ScienceStudy
Journal: Circulation (2010)
Alimentación y nutrición en Colombia
Authors: Jorge Bejarano
Journal: JAMA (1942)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract 2929: The Mdm2 inhibitor NVP-CGM097 enhances the anti-tumor activity of NVP-LDK378 in ALK mutant neuroblastoma models
Authors: Hui Qin Wang, Linda Battalagine, Jinsheng Liang, Ensar Halilovic, Robert Schlegel, Alan Huang, Z. Alexander Cao, John Monahan, Fang Li
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Neuroblastoma is the most common cancer in infancy, accounting for 15% of all childhood cancer-related death. MYCN amplification is the major genetic aberration in high-risk neuroblastoma and is associated with poor outcome. Genome-wide association studies have identified activation mutations and high-level amplification of ALK in approximately 10% of neuroblastoma patients. In addition, ALK mutations can coexist with MYCN amplification, which defines a subset of ultra-high-risk neuroblastoma patients. In contrast to the high frequency of p53 mutations observed in many human cancers of adults, mutations of p53 are less common in childhood cancers and have been reported in less than 2% of neuroblastomas. Wild-type (WT) p53 is required for the activation of p53 signaling by Mdm2 inhibitors. This suggests that neuroblastoma could be amenable to intervention with Mdm2 inhibitors. In this study, we demonstrated that the ALK inhibitor, NVP-LDK378, in combination with a novel Mdm2 inhibitor, NVP-CGM097, promoted apoptosis in ALK mutant and p53 WT neuroblastoma cell lines. NVP-LDK378 inhibited ALK phosphorylation and NVP-CGM097 caused induction of p53 and its downstream target genes in these cell lines. Meanwhile, Mdm2 inhibition in MYCN-amplified neuroblastoma cell lines significantly decreased the levels of Mycn protein. In addition, NVP-LDK378 and NVP-CGM097 combination resulted in complete tumor regression and markedly prolonged survival in neuroblastoma xenograft models. Overall, NVP-LDK378 and NVP-CGM097 combination may provide an effective treatment for ALK mutant and p53 WT neuroblastoma patients. Citation Format: Hui Qin Wang, Linda Battalagine, Jinsheng Liang, Ensar Halilovic, Robert Schlegel, Alan Huang, Z. Alexander Cao, John Monahan, Fang Li. The Mdm2 inhibitor NVP-CGM097 enhances the anti-tumor activity of NVP-LDK378 in ALK mutant neuroblastoma models. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 2929. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-2929
Non-pharmacological management
Authors: Graeme P Currie, J Graham Douglas
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a progressive and largely irreversible disorder.Unsurprisingly, drugs alone cannot ensure optimum short and long term outcomes.As a consequence, there is increasing interest in the role of non-drug strategies and multi-disciplinary team input in the overall management of COPD.
The Lyophilic Colloids (Their Theory and Practice)
Authors: Robert D. Coghill
Journal: JAMA (1934)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract 865: Physical inactivity increases the risk of endometrial cancer and premenopausal breast cancer
Authors: Anna Johnsson, Per Broberg, Anders Johnsson, Åsa Tornberg, Håkan Olsson
Journal: Cancer Research (2015)

Abstract Background. Epidemiological studies indicate that physical activity reduces the risk of cancer. Physical inactivity or sedentary behavior, has recently been suggested as a risk factor independent of physical activity level. Breast and endometrial cancer incidence have both been associated with physical activity, and endometrial cancer incidence with physical inactivity/sedentary behavior. The purpose of the present study was to investigate physical inactivity as a risk factor for breast cancer, divided into pre- and postmenopausal subtypes, and for endometrial cancer, and to explore possible dose-response relations regarding the level of physical inactivity. Methods. In a population-based prospective cohort study, 29 520 women in the southern part of Sweden, in ages between 25 and 64 years, participated. A questionnaire-based survey was performed 1990-92. Their reported professions were classified as sedentary or not which together with reported participation in competitive sports constituted the basis for classification into three activity-levels; (1) physical inactivity, defined as having sedentary occupation and no participation in competitive sports, (2) partly inactive, defined as either having a sedentary occupation or non- participation in competitive sports, (3) Physical active, defined as not having a sedentary occupation and participation in competitive sports. The association between physical inactivity and pre and postmenopausal breast and endometrial cancer incidence were analyzed by Cox regression, adjusted for hormonal factors, family history of cancer, body mass index (BMI) and age. Results. Physical inactive women had a significantly increased risk of endometrial cancer (HR = 2.41, 95% CI 1.14-5.11) and premenopausal breast cancer (HR = 2.40, 95% CI 1.14-5.02), compared with women who were less physical inactive. No such association was found for postmenopausal breast cancer. Analysis of linear trend showed a significant dose-response relationship with increased risk of both premenopausal breast cancer (ptrend 0.02) and endometrial cancer (ptrend &amp;lt;0.01). Conclusions. In the current study we found an increased incidence of premenopausal breast cancer and endometrial cancer in physical inactive women and a linear trend indicating dose-response relationship. Not only physical activity but also the avoidance of physical inactivity may reduce the risk of premenopausal breast cancer and endometrial cancer. Citation Format: Anna Johnsson, Per Broberg, Anders Johnsson, Åsa Tornberg, Håkan Olsson. Physical inactivity increases the risk of endometrial cancer and premenopausal breast cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 865. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-865
Abstract 18256: Impact of Chronic Kidney Disease Staging on Coronary Atherosclerotic Plaque Change of Non-culprit Lesions after Culprit Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Kuninobu Kashiyama, Shinjo Sonoda, Hirohito Takami, Reo Anai, Yoshitaka Muraoka, Yuki Tsuda, Masaru Araki, Yutaka Otsuji
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Introduction: Renal dysfunction is associated with increased coronary plaque burden, which may cause future coronary events. However, little is known about the impact of chronic kidney disease (CKD) staging on coronary atherosclerotic plaque change of non-culprit lesions (NCL) under standard medical therapy after culprit percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). We investigated serial coronary plaque change of NCL in patients with different stages of CKD using integrated backscatter intravascular ultrasound (IB-IVUS). Methods: We investigated 113 NCL in 113 patients undergoing both IVUS-guided PCI and follow-up IVUS examination. Patients were divided into 4 groups according to baseline CKD stage: CKD-1, n=18; CKD-2, n=43; CKD-3, n=29; and CKD 4-5, n=24. Volumetric IVUS analyses were performed at proximal NCL in de novo target vessels post PCI and at 8-month follow-up. We compared serial changes of plaque burden and composition among groups under standard medical therapy including statins. Results: Baseline patient characteristics showed age was significantly older, diabetic patients were more in CKD-3 than the other groups, but otherwise there was no significant difference among groups. Plaque volume at baseline was greater in CKD 4-5 than the other groups. (p =0.009). At follow-up, plaque volume increased in CKD-3 (+ 4.6 mm3, p &lt;0.001) and CKD 4-5 (+ 9.8 mm3, p &lt;0.001), but decreased in CKD-1 (- 5.4 mm3, p =0.002) and CKD-2 (- 3.2 mm3, p=0.001). Serial plaque volume change was correlated with eGFR. (Y= - 0.2X +11.4, p&lt;0.0001). IB-IVUS analysis showed that lipid plaque increased in CKD-3 (+ 4.6 mm3, p &lt;0.001) and CKD 4-5 (+ 5.4 mm3, p &lt;0.001), but significantly decreased in CKD-2 (- 2.7 mm3, p &lt;0.05) at follow-up. Fibrotic plaque also increased in CKD 4-5 (+ 3.4 mm3, p &lt;0.001), whereas it decreased in CKD-1 (- 3.3 mm3, p &lt;0.05). Multivariate models revealed CKD staging is an independent predictor of plaque progression. Conclusions: Despite standard medical therapy after culprit PCI, late stages of CKD were associated with coronary plaque progression characterized by greater lipid and fibrotic plaque volumes in NCL. Strict risk management should be required to prevent subsequent coronary events in those patients.
Bioinspired Nanoparticulate Medical Glues for Minimally Invasive Tissue Repair
Authors: Yuhan Lee, Chenjie Xu, Monisha Sebastin, Albert Lee, Nathan Holwell, Calvin Xu, David Miranda Nieves, Luye Mu, Robert S. Langer, Charles Lin, Jeffrey M. Karp
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2015)

Delivery of tissue glues through small‐bore needles or trocars is critical for sealing holes, affixing medical devices, or attaching tissues together during minimally invasive surgeries. Inspired by the granule‐packaged glue delivery system of sandcastle worms, a nanoparticulate formulation of a viscous hydrophobic light‐activated adhesive based on poly(glycerol sebacate)‐acrylate is developed. Negatively charged alginate is used to stabilize the nanoparticulate surface to significantly reduce its viscosity and to maximize injectability through small‐bore needles. The nanoparticulate glues can be concentrated to ≈30 w/v% dispersions in water that remain localized following injection. With the trigger of a positively charged polymer (e.g., protamine), the nanoparticulate glues can quickly assemble into a viscous glue that exhibits rheological, mechanical, and adhesive properties resembling the native poly(glycerol sebacate)‐acrylate based glues. This platform should be useful to enable the delivery of viscous glues to augment or replace sutures and staples during minimally invasive procedures.
Abstract P292: Concentrations of Endothelin-1 Predict Coronary Heart Disease in Women in a Swedish Cohort Study
Authors: Bledar Daka, Charlotte A Larsson, Margareta I Hellgren, Lennart RÅstam, Per Anders Jansson, Ulf Lindblad
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Objecitves:  Endothelin-1 has been linked to coronary heart disease (CHD) in retrospective studies. Although prospective studies in subjects with previous CHD also have shown a higher risk for a second event related to higher endothlin-1 concentration, prospective studies investigating the risk of a first event are still lacking. We accordingly aimed to investigate the risk of a first event of coronary heart disease (CHD) associated with concentrations of endothelin-1 in men and women separately.   Subjects and methods:  A random sample of 2.818 Swedish men and women aged 30-74 years was surveyed in 2002-2005 (76% participation). Standard questionnaires were used to gain information on medical history and lifestyle and all participants conducted a physical examination. Endothelin-1 collected at baseline was successfully analysed in 2795 subjects (99%). All first events of CHD were retrieved by record linkage with the Swedish Cause of Death and Hospital Discharge Registers. After controlling for proportionality, Cox Proportional Hazards Regression was employed to investigate the associations between endothelin-1 and incident CHD.   Results:  During a mean follow up of 8.1 years (± 0.96) there were 96 incident cases of CHD (men 71 and women 25). Concentrations of endothelin-1 were similar in men and women (2.3 pg/ml vs 2.4 pg/ml p=0.111). In age-adjusted Cox regressions, concentrations of endothelin-1 predicted CHD in women (HR=1.48 CI 1.1-1.8), albeit not in men (HR=1.0 CI 0.9-1.3). These findings remained in multivariable analyses adjusting for diabetes, waist-hip ratio, smoking habits, LDL-cholesterol and systolic blood pressure (HR in women=1.45 CI 1.1-2.0; HR in men=1.1 CI 0.9-1.3). The interaction term between sex and endothelin-1 in the fully adjusted analysis was borderline significant (p=0.055).   Conclusions:  Endothelin-1 predicted CHD in women independent of traditional CHD risk factors. If these findings are confirmed in other populations there will be implications for risk evaluation in clinical practice.
Abstract P239: The Effect of BMI on Cardiovascular and Metabolic Syndrome Risk Factors in an Appalachian Pediatric Population
Authors: Katelynn Weber, Andrea F Fischl, Pamela J Murray, Baqiyyah Conway
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Background: Few studies have determined the effect of BMI on cardiovascular and metabolic syndrome risk factors in a primarily White, rural pediatric population. This study characterized a rural pediatric population by BMI category. Methods: Data on 11,084 individuals &lt;20 years of age (mean 12.3, SD 5.0) were obtained from the C8 Health Project, a project that collected blood samples and self- or parent/guardian-reported demographics, medical diagnoses, height, and weight in 2005-2006 following a perfluorooctanoic acid (C8) contamination of drinking water in West Virginia and Ohio. Metabolic syndrome was defined as the presence of at least 3 standard criteria for diagnosis in a pediatric population (BMI &gt;97 th percentile, triglycerides &gt;110 mg/dL, HDLc &lt;40mg/dL, and fasting blood glucose &gt;110mg/dL). Results were stratified by BMI category (&lt;85% as normal, 85%-95% as overweight, and &gt;95% as obese). Tests for linear trends across BMI categories and correlations with C8 were conducted. Results: The population was 51% male, 96% White, and 20% reported an average household income &lt;$10,000. Forty percent (n=4406) were overweight or obese. Table 1 presents characteristics by BMI category. Total cholesterol, LDLc, and VLDLc, triglycerides, non-fasting glucose, fasting insulin, white blood cell count, and C-reactive protein increased with BMI percentiles, while HDLc and serum albumin decreased. No association was seen with fasting glucose. Serum creatinine also increased with BMI category. The point prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 4% (n=473). Serum C8 was not correlated with any variables. Conclusions: An alarming 40% prevalence of overweight and obesity was observed in this rural pediatric population. Because of the increase seen with cardiovascular and metabolic syndrome risk factors as BMI increased, this rural pediatric population may experience earlier onset of associated disease and complications. This warrants further public health involvement to decrease this Appalachian population’s risk.