tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
IMMEDIATE AND LONG-TERM SYMPTOMATIC COURSE OF PSYCHIATRIC OUTPATIENTS
Authors: JEROME D. FRANK, EARL H. NASH, ANTHONY R. STONE, STANLEY D. IMBER
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1963)

Two populations of psychiatric outpatients totalling 109 were given placebos and the effect on their reported level of distress noted immediately and after 1 and 2 weeks on the placebo. Patients in both populations received special tests and measures before and after receiving placebo. Over half the patients in each group were re-examined after 3 and 2 years respectively, at which time some again received a placebo. In both groups, whatever the criterion used or the time interval, a greater proportion of patients reported improvement than reported getting worse. The mean discomfort score dropped sharply during the first interview, before as well as after administration of the placebo, then tended to increase, but not back to the initial level. Maintenance on placebo did not increase the effect. The amount of improvement was related to amount of distress reported initially, and symptoms of anxiety and depression showed more improvement than somatic ones. Patients showed little consistency in their responsiveness to placebo at different administrations, and we have been unable definitely to relate their responses to personality variables. Various hypotheses to account for these findings are examined, with special reference to the role of cognitions in emotional distress and its relief.
Vasculitis With Urticaria, Hypocomplementemia, and Multiple System Involvement
Authors: Peter U. Feig
Journal: JAMA (1976)

A patient with cutaneous necrotizing vasculitis had chronic urticaria associated with multiple system involvement including arthralgias, glomerulonephritis, myositis, pseudotumor cerebri, and adenopathy. Persistent hypocomplementemia is noted with classic pathway activation. The syndrome recognized in this patient and those few individuals reported previously seems to constitute a distinct category of collagen-vascular disease.
A controlled trial of prednisone, in low dosage, in patients with chronic airways obstruction
Authors: J. A. Evans, I. M. Morrison, K. B. Saunders
Journal: Thorax (1974)

<b>Evans, J. A., Morrison, I. M., and Saunders, K. B. (1974).</b><i>Thorax</i>, <b>29</b>, 401-406. <b>A controlled trial of prednisone, in low dosage, in patients with chronic airways obstruction.</b> Ten men with chronic airways obstruction took part in a double-blind controlled cross-over trial of 5 mg prednisone, daily for a week, versus placebo. All patients had breathlessness as their main complaint, and chronic cough with sputum for 2 to 30 years; five had evidence of emphysema on the chest radiograph. None had a personal or family history of asthma. For the group, mean forced expiratory volume in one second was 1·11 1., and mean forced vital capacity was 2·28 1. Six patients had abnormally high levels of arterial Pco<sub>2</sub> (46-52 mmHg). When the `placebo9 and `prednisone9 measurements were compared there was no significant change in forced expiratory volumes, bronchodilator effect on forced expiratory volumes, or blood gas tensions. Inspiratory airways resistance measured by body plethysmography was significantly higher, or `worse9, on prednisone (mean 4·2 cmH<sub>2</sub>O per 1/sec) than on placebo (mean 3·2).
Recovery from severe pulmonary damage due to paraquat administered intravenously and orally.
Authors: M S Hendy, P S Williams, P Ackrill
Journal: Thorax (1984)

<h3>Background:</h3> Estimation of the number of people in need of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in resource-limited settings requires information on the time from seroconversion to ART eligibility and from ART eligibility to death. <h3>Objectives:</h3> To estimate duration from seroconversion to different ART eligibility criteria and from ART eligibility to death in HIV-infected adults in low-income and middle-income countries. <h3>Methods:</h3> Participants with documented seroconversion from five cohorts (two cohorts from Uganda, two from Thailand and one from Côte d’Ivoire) were analysed. We used Weibull survival models and Bayesian simulation methods to model true (unobserved) first time of treatment eligibility. We set a consistency constraint so that the mean duration from seroconversion to death was equal to the mean from seroconversion to ART eligibility plus the mean from eligibility to death. <h3>Results:</h3> We analysed data from 2072 participants, 16 157 person-years of follow-up and 794 deaths. For the criterion CD4 T-lymphocyte count &lt;200 cells ×10<sup>6</sup>/l, the median duration from seroconversion to ART eligibility was 6.1 years (95% credibility interval 3.3–10.4) for all studies and 7.6 years (95% credibility interval 3.4–15.2) for all but the Thai cohorts. Corresponding estimates for the time from CD4 T-lymphocyte count &lt;200 cells ×10<sup>6</sup>/l to death were 2.1 years (0.7–4.8) and 2.7 years (0.8–8.4). When including all cohorts, the mean time from serconversion to CD4 T-lymphocyte count &lt;200 cells ×10<sup>6</sup>/l and from CD4 T-lymphocyte count &lt;200 cells ×10<sup>6</sup>/l to death represented 66% (38–87%) and 34% (13–62%), respectively of the total survival time. <h3>Conclusions:</h3> The duration of different ART eligibility criteria to death was longer than the estimates used in previous calculations of the number of people needing ART. However, uncertainty in estimates was considerable and heterogeneity across cohorts important.
Change in plasma tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 levels in the first week after myeloablative allogeneic transplantation correlates with severity and incidence of GVHD and survival
Authors: Sung W. Choi, Carrie L. Kitko, Thomas Braun, Sophie Paczesny, Gregory Yanik, Shin Mineishi, Oleg Krijanovski, Dawn Jones, Joel Whitfield, Kenneth Cooke, Raymond J. Hutchinson, James L. M. Ferrara, John E. Levine
Journal: Blood (2008)
SEVERE MENORRHAGIA DUE TO CHRONIC THROMBOCYTOPENIC PURPURA, CURED BY SPLENECTOMY
Authors: S. J. Hartfall, C. Oldfield
Journal: BMJ (1934)

some ignorant association with the idea of hypothyrodism, cretinism, and imbecility.Another practitioner8 has seen a patient who took thyroid in considerable doses covertly this patient, a druggist's wife, had phlegmasia alba c'olens after childbirth, and she may have formed the idea that the condition of her leg was that of myxoedema.The con- tinued use of thyro;d in these cases points to there being some subjective tonic effect.In a series of cases of thyrotoxicosis-that is, cases of not fully developed Basedow's (Graves's) disease-reported by Lublin,9 about half had no rise of basal metabolic rate.Some of these were " fat Basedow," and some were not benefited by operation on the thyroid, but no data are given indicating the possibility that any of these cases were similar to those now reported. Sum-naryAn account is given of three cases of thyroid adciction.Two of them, both in women, were severe; the third, that of a man, was less so.The clinical notes are followed by a short discussion.
Expression of interleukin-6 receptors by pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells with the t(4;11) translocation: a possible target for therapy with recombinant IL6–Pseudomonas exotoxin
Authors: L Gu, M Zhou, I Jurickova, AM Yeager, RJ Kreitman, CN Phillips, HW Findley
Journal: Leukemia (1997)
Outcome of subsequent pregnancy three years after previous operative delivery in the second stage of labour: cohort study
Authors: Rachna Bahl, Bryony Strachan, Deirdre J Murphy
Journal: BMJ (2004)

<b>Objective</b> To evaluate the reproductive outcome and the mode of delivery in subsequent pregnancies after instrumental vaginal delivery in theatre or caesarean section at full dilatation. <b>Design</b> Prospective cohort study. <b>Setting</b> Two urban hospitals with a combined total of 10 000 deliveries a year. <b>Participants</b> A cohort of 393 women with term, singleton, cephalic pregnancies who needed operative delivery in theatre during the second stage of labour from February 1999 to February 2000. Postal questionnaires were received from 283 women (72%) at three years after the initial delivery. <b>Main outcome measure</b> Mode of delivery in the subsequent pregnancy. <b>Results</b> 140 women (49%) achieved a further pregnancy at three years. 91/283 (32%) women wished to avoid a further pregnancy. Women were more likely to aim for vaginal delivery (87% (47/54) <i>v</i> 33% (18/54); adjusted odds ratio 15.55 (95% confidence interval 5.25 to 46.04)) and more likely to have a vaginal delivery (78% (42/54) <i>v</i> 31% (17/54); 9.50 (3.48 to 25.97)) if they had had a previous instrumental vaginal delivery rather than a caesarean section. There was a high rate of vaginal delivery after caesarean section among women who attempted vaginal delivery 17/18 (94%). In both groups, fear of childbirth was a frequently reported reason for avoiding a further pregnancy (51% after instrumental vaginal delivery, 42% after caesarean section; 1.75 (0.58 to 5.25)). <b>Conclusion</b> Instrumental vaginal delivery offers advantages over caesarean section for future delivery outcomes. The psychological impact of operative delivery requires urgent attention.
TRAVEL NOTES.IV. LEPROSY IN THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. THE PROPOSED ESTABLISHMENT OF A GOVERNMENT BACTERIOLOGIC INSTITUTE.
Authors: NICHOLAS SENN
Journal: JAMA (1904)

The inhabitants of the beautiful Hawaiian Islands, comparatively free from the devastating infectious diseases so long as they enjoyed the blessings of isolation from the outside world, have been made painfully aware of the dangers of the dissemination of disease from man to man. They have experienced the benefits and blessings as well as the evils and curses arising to them from a new civilization brought to their palm-clad shores by white men in search of new lands and fabulous wealth. Some fifty years ago the first case of leprosy came to the little island empire from the distant Orient. As usual with the primitive peoples of the islands of the South Sea this dreadful disease found a fertile soil in the natives, with so little resistance to all infectious diseases, acute or chronic. It spread with alarming rapidity, and it became evident unless rigid measures were enforced in the
Adrenomedullin Can Protect Against Pulmonary Vascular Remodeling Induced by Hypoxia
Authors: Hiromitsu Matsui, Tatsuo Shimosawa, Kanami Itakura, Xing Guanqun, Katsuyuki Ando, Toshiro Fujita
Journal: Circulation (2004)

Chronic hypoxia is one of the major causes of pulmonary vascular remodeling associated with stimulating reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Recent studies have indicated that hypoxia upregulates expression of adrenomedullin (AM), which is not only a potent vasodilator but also an antioxidant. Thus, using heterozygous AM-knockout (AM+/-) mice, we examined whether AM could attenuate pulmonary vascular damage induced by hypoxia.Ten-week-old male wild-type (AM+/+) or AM+/- mice were housed under 10% oxygen conditions for 3 to 21 days. In AM+/+ mice, hypoxia enhanced AM mRNA expression, which was reduced by the administration of a superoxide dismutase mimetic, 4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-piperidine-N-oxyl (hydroxy-TEMPO). Hypoxia induced pulmonary vascular remodeling, which was associated with the increased production of oxidative stress measured by electron spin resonance and immunostaining of 3-nitrotyrosine. The media wall thickness of the pulmonary arteries was significantly greater in AM+/- mice housed under hypoxia than in AM+/+ mice under hypoxia. Concomitantly, pulmonary ROS production induced by hypoxia was more enhanced in AM+/- mice than in AM+/+ mice. The administration of both exogenous AM and hydroxy-TEMPO normalized pulmonary vascular media wall thickness in not only AM+/+ but also AM+/- mice under hypoxic conditions associated with the normalization of ROS overproduction in the lung.The present results suggest that an endogenous AM is a potential protective peptide against hypoxia-induced vascular remodeling, possibly through the suppression of ROS generation, which might provide an effective therapeutic strategy.
Type II NKT cell–mediated anergy induction in type I NKT cells prevents inflammatory liver disease
Authors: Ramesh C. Halder, Carlos Aguilera, Igor Maricic, Vipin Kumar
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2007)

Because of the paucity of known self lipid–reactive ligands for NKT cells, interactions among distinct NKT cell subsets as well as immune consequences following recognition of self glycolipids have not previously been investigated. Here we examined cellular interactions and subsequent immune regulatory mechanism following recognition of sulfatide, a self-glycolipid ligand for a subset of CD1d-restricted type II NKT cells. Using glycolipid/CD1d tetramers and cytokine responses, we showed that activation of sulfatide-reactive type II NKT cells and plasmacytoid DCs caused IL-12– and MIP-2–dependent recruitment of type I, or invariant, NKT (iNKT) cells into mouse livers. These recruited iNKT cells were anergic and prevented concanavalin A–induced (ConA-induced) hepatitis by specifically blocking effector pathways, including the cytokine burst and neutrophil recruitment that follow ConA injection. Hepatic DCs from IL-12+/+ mice, but not IL-12–/– mice, adoptively transferred anergy in recipients; thus, IL-12 secretion by DCs enables them to induce anergy in iNKT cells. Our data reveal what we believe to be a novel mechanism in which interactions among type II NKT cells and hepatic DCs result in regulation of iNKT cell activity that can be exploited for intervention in inflammatory diseases, including autoimmunity and asthma.
Ethics committees: Current research ethics forms are an over-reaction that will stifle research
Authors: David Oliver
Journal: BMJ (2006)

EDITOR—I was grateful to read Masterton's experiences of local research ethics committees.1 The current state of affairs has been brought about in response to the Data Protection Act and by a probable overreaction to the Alder Hey affair. However, such is the bureaucratic minefield that any researcher must now traverse to seek …
Delayed Coupling to Feedback Inhibition during a Critical Period for the Integration of Adult-Born Granule Cells
Authors: Silvio G Temprana, Lucas A Mongiat, Sung M Yang, Mariela F Trinchero, Diego D Alvarez, Emilio Kropff, Damiana Giacomini, Natalia Beltramone, Guillermo M Lanuza, Alejandro F Schinder
Journal: Neuron (2014)
Prominent Gallium Uptake Associated With Silicone Implants in an Asymptomatic Patient
Authors: DOUGLAS DECORATO, ANDREW J. DEROGATIS
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1994)

The authors present a case of a 36-year-old man who underwent breast augmentation surgery and silicone injections in each buttock for a sex change procedure several years before this admission. The patient was asymptomatic in these regions, yet there was avid Ga-67 citrate uptake in the sites of previous surgery.
Clinical Aspects of Adrenal Function
Authors: Don H. Nelson
Journal: JAMA (1965)

Dr. Mills has done an admirable job in accomplishing the task which he has set out for himself. He states in the preface that the book is intended for medical students and for doctors who are not experts in the adrenal field, and that a certain amount of dogmatism is necessary to maintain simplicity of presentation. The book makes no attempt to give reference to the vast literature in this field but, instead, reflects chiefly the author's considerable experience. His own prejudice is reflected by the general underplay of the renin angiotensin system in control of aldosterone secretion and emphasis on corticoid secretion rates. Many clinical endocrinologists would take exception to the statement that 4,000 roentgens delivered to the pituitary may interfere with other pituitary functions and should not, therefore, be given to young patients.  In spite of these minor defects, the author has written a small volume that is
Medical Aspects of Road Safety — The Doctor and His Pen
Authors: John Lister
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1954)

IT was recently predicted that in ten years road casualties in Britain will have risen to an annual total of 350,000, an increase of 40 per cent over the present figure. Two committees of the British Medical Association have studied some of the medical factors involved. One of these committees considered the question of alcohol. In its report, entitled "The Recognition of Intoxication," the Committee states its belief that people under the influence of alcohol are responsible for many more accidents than official records indicate. They think that the police are reluctant to assign alcohol as the cause of an . . .
Labour's draft election manifesto
Authors: R. Klein
Journal: BMJ (1996)

For those hoping that MrTony Blair's draft election manifesto1 would set out a blueprint for the future of the NHS, or indeed of Britain's welfare state, the document will prove a disappointment. It is visionary in style, but short of specific commitments. It is eloquent in its aspirations for a more cooperative, equitable society but parsimonious with the details about how to achieve it. In this, it reflects the Labour party's acceptance that idealism must be tempered by realism about the limited scope for manoeuvre that any future government will have, for both political expediency and economic necessity point to the same conclusion: any future government that deviates from the path of fiscal austerity—by raising taxation or increasing public spending—is likely to be punished both by Britain's voters and by global markets.

Central to Labour's draft manifesto therefore is the determination to lay the …
Pharmacological inhibition of EGFR signaling enhances G-CSF–induced hematopoietic stem cell mobilization
Authors: Marnie A Ryan, Kalpana J Nattamai, Ellen Xing, David Schleimer, Deidre Daria, Amitava Sengupta, Anja Köhler, Wei Liu, Matthias Gunzer, Michael Jansen, Nancy Ratner, Timothy D Le Cras, Amanda Waterstrat, Gary Van Zant, Jose A Cancelas, Yi Zheng, Hartmut Geiger
Journal: Nature Medicine (2010)
Effects of Mechanical Forces and Mediators of Hypertrophy on Remodeling of Gap Junctions in the Heart
Authors: Jeffrey E. Saffitz, André G. Kléber
Journal: Circulation Research (2004)

This review article focuses on remodeling of gap junctions in response to chemical mediators of ventricular hypertrophy, mechanical forces, and alterations in cell-to-cell adhesion. Signaling mediated by mechanical forces is likely to be involved in the upregulation of cardiac gap junctions during the early phase of cardiac hypertrophy and the subsequent downregulation in cardiac failure. Several signaling pathways involving cAMP, angiotensin II, transforming growth factor-β, vascular endothelial growth factor, and integrin-mediated regulators have been shown to affect expression of gap junction proteins. However, a comprehensive view of regulation of gap junction trafficking, synthesis, and degradation is still lacking. In addition to gap junction regulation by extracellular mechanical forces, there is a close relation between gap junctions and adhesion junctions and their linkage to the cytoskeleton. This can be inferred from experiments on neoformation of cell-to-cell coupling, concomitant upregulation of adherens and gap junctions after mechanical stretch, and human cardiomyopathies caused by genetic defects in cell-cell adhesion junction proteins. The molecular mechanisms responsible for the interaction between mechanical and functional cell-to-cell coupling remain to be elucidated.
Was Rodney Ledward a statistical outlier?:Statistical method may be difficult to apply in clinical practice
Authors: Benjamin J Cowling, Anthony J Hedley
Journal: BMJ (2005)

The General Medical Council and the future of revalidation GMC member respondsEditor-Esmail and Kmietowicz give an inaccurate account of the General Medical Council's policy development on revalidation, ignoring an iterative process with interested parties since 1998 in an attempt to introduce the most fundamental change to medical regulation since its foundation in 1858. 1 2 The GMC clearly has had regard to the legitimate interests of three principal groups-government and the NHS, patients and the public, and the various tribes that make up the UK medical profession.Despite suggestions to the contrary, an initial exploratory meeting on revalidation convened by Sir Donald Irvine in June 1998 was held in the context of a high profile professional conduct case, but well before the Bristol inquiry report and absolutely nothing to do with Rodney Ledward or, indeed, Harold Shipman.It was recognised then that some doctors were not keeping fully up to date nor were they indulging in reflective practice.Irvine correctly proposed that there was a need to make registration with the GMC more meaningful to the public than a mere recognition that doctors had reached a certain standard of professional knowledge in their early 20s.Both articles promote the idea that the doctors' regulator should be filling the vacuum within the NHS created by its failing to fulfil its public responsibility to monitor doctors' clinical standards.Clinical governance is now, slowly, being developed and eventually will extend from systems and teams to individuals-but is it reasonable, as both authors postulate, that such monitoring should become the financial and moral responsibility of the GMC sitting in London and Manchester rather than local managers at the coalface?Although revalidation is a continuing process, it becomes summative only every five years.The NHS and its local systems must not be allowed to abrogate their responsibility for the safety of patients on a day to day basis.Nor should they demand that the GMC and its prime function of assuring fitness to practise and the meaning of the medical register be inappropriately promoted as the first line of defence for the maintenance of clinical quality and safety.
Quinidine-lnduced Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: STERLING G. WEST
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1984)

A 60-year-old white man presented with a syndrome of fever, polyarthritis, pleurisy, and lymphopenia, and had a positive antinuclear antibody test (after 5 months of quinidine therapy). Quinidine-induced antinuclear autoantibodies were of the IgM and IgG classes and were directed mainly to nuclear histones, predominantly histones H1 and H2B. Antibodies to native DNA and nonhistone nuclear antigens were not seen during the patient's clinical course. Upon withdrawal of quinidine therapy, the patient had prompt improvement of clinical symptoms followed by a gradual resolution of serologic abnormalities.