tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Leukotriene B4 levels in the arterial blood of asthmatic patients and the effects of prednisolone
Authors: K Shindo, M Fukumura, K Miyakawa
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1995)

Prednisolone is very effective in controlling wheezing attacks of bronchial asthma, but its mechanism and the pathogenic role of leukotriene B4 remain unclear. We measured changes in plasma levels of leukotriene B4 in an open study during the clinical course of bronchial asthma, with or without water-soluble prednisolone treatment. Two millilitres of blood was drawn from the radial artery of patients on three occasions: 1) during remission; 2) on admission to hospital with an asthma attack; and 3) 2 days after admission and treatment with intravenous prednisolone (1,000 mg.day-1). Leukotriene B4 was detected by chromatographic fractionation and radioimmunoassay. In 11 asthmatic patients, leukotriene B4 levels on the three occasions were 26.8 (10.7), 106.0 (39.9) and 51.6 (20.2) pg.ml-1 (mean (SD)), respectively. In contrast, the mean leukotriene B4 level of 10 normal controls was 35.9 (10.5) pg.ml-1. Leukotriene B4 levels differed significantly between remission and attack treated without prednisolone, and between attacks treated with and without prednisolone. Mean arterial carbon dioxide (PaCO2) values were 4.8 (0.4) kPa (36.0 (3.0) mmHg), 6.1 (0.4) kPa (45.6 (2.9) mmHg), and 5.5 (0.3) kPa (41.6 (2.0) mmHg), respectively. There were significant differences between these mean PaCO2 values. The mean leukotriene B4 levels on the three occasions were correlated with the mean PaCO2 values. Thus, leukotriene B4 levels in arterial blood reflect the severity of asthmatic attacks and may be affected by intravenous prednisolone.
Preanaesthetic Medication: A Survey of Current Usage
Authors: R K Mirakhur
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (1991)

A survey has been carried out amongst the UK based members of the Association of Anaesthetists of Great Britain and Ireland regarding their practice of premedication. Ninety-three per cent of respondents (reply rate 51.7%) used sedative-hypnotic premedication routinely in adults and 84% in children. However, anticholinergic premedication was used by only 36% in adults and 56% in children. Temazepam was the most frequently used sedative premedicant in adults and trimeprazine in children. Atropine and hyoscine were the most frequently used anticholinergic drugs. The main reasons for using sedative-hypnotic premedication were allaying anxiety and providing sedation. The main reasons for using anticholinergic drugs were drying of secretions and protection against vagal overactivity. This survey concludes that while sedative-hypnotic premedication continues to be used in the majority of patients with oral benzodiazepines the most frequently used drugs, the use of anticholinergic premedication continues to decline.
Effect of Xenogeneic Immune RNA on Normal Human Lymphocytes Against Human Osteosarcoma Cells In Vitro2
Authors: Iqbal Singh, Kwong Y. Tsang, William S. Blakemore
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1977)

New Zealand White rabbits were immunized with whole-cell suspensions of TE-85 cells (from a human osteosarcoma) maintained in tissue culture. RNA was extracted from the lymphoid tissues of the immunized animals. Normal human peripheral blood lymphocytes were pretreated with both the whole-cell immune RNA (IRNA) and the Sephadex column-eluted fractions of the whole-cell IRNA. Significant stimulation of the cytotoxic effect of the lymphocytes was observed following whole-cell IRNA pretreatment and pretreatment with peak III fractions eluted from the column. This increase in inhibition was observed whether the target cells were TE-85 (the immunizing cells), L.M. and M.Mc. (two unrelated osteosarcoma primary cell cultures), or TE-85-M-MSV cells (a cell line capable of producing a human osteosarcoma in immunosuppressed hamsters). No inhibition was observed when cells from other types of human tumors were used as target cells. The results suggested that the transferred immunity was directed against tumor-specific osteosarcoma antigens.
Molecular Classification of Ependymal Tumors across All CNS Compartments, Histopathological Grades, and Age Groups
Authors: Kristian W. Pajtler, Hendrik Witt, Martin Sill, David T.W. Jones, Volker Hovestadt, Fabian Kratochwil, Khalida Wani, Ruth Tatevossian, Chandanamali Punchihewa, Pascal Johann, Jüri Reimand, Hans-Jörg Warnatz, Marina Ryzhova, Steve Mack, Vijay Ramaswamy, David Capper, Leonille Schweizer, Laura Sieber, Andrea Wittmann, Zhiqin Huang, Peter van Sluis, Richard Volckmann, Jan Koster, Rogier Versteeg, Daniel Fults, Helen Toledano, Smadar Avigad, Lindsey M. Hoffman, Andrew M. Donson, Nicholas Foreman, Ekkehard Hewer, Karel Zitterbart, Mark Gilbert, Terri S. Armstrong, Nalin Gupta, Jeffrey C. Allen, Matthias A. Karajannis, David Zagzag, Martin Hasselblatt, Andreas E. Kulozik, Olaf Witt, V. Peter Collins, Katja von Hoff, Stefan Rutkowski, Torsten Pietsch, Gary Bader, Marie-Laure Yaspo, Andreas von Deimling, Peter Lichter, Michael D. Taylor, Richard Gilbertson, David W. Ellison, Kenneth Aldape, Andrey Korshunov, Marcel Kool, Stefan M. Pfister
Journal: Cancer Cell (2015)
Improved prognosis of diffuse histiocytic and undifferentiated lymphoma by use of high dose methotrexate alternating with standard agents (M-BACOD).
Authors: A T Skarin, G P Canellos, D S Rosenthal, D C Case, J M MacIntyre, G S Pinkus, W C Moloney, E Frei
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1983)

A new combination chemotherapy program (M-BACOD) was administered to 101 patients with advanced diffuse histiocytic and diffuse undifferentiated lymphoma (DHL and DUL). High dose methotrexate (M) 3 g/m2 with leucovorin factor rescue was given on day 14 between cycles of bleomycin (B), adriamycin (A), cyclophosphamide (C), oncovin (O), and dexamethasone (D) administered every 3 weeks for 10 cycles. The complete remission rate (CR) was 72% in all 101 patients or 77% in 95 evaluable patients. The median follow-up is 3 yr 2 mo with one-third of CR patients followed beyond 4 yr. Twenty-six percent of CR patients have relapsed with a projected 5-yr survival rate of 80% (5-yr disease-free rate 65%). The overall survival of all 101 study patients reaches a plateau at 59% projected out to 5 yr. Patients with prior therapy had a significantly lower CR rate than those without prior treatment (p = 0.001); however, no other unfavorable prognostic characteristics could be identified. Relapse in the central nervous system CNS occurred in only 5.4% of CR patients. M-BACOD results in prolonged survival and possible cure in a high proportion of all patients with DHL and DUL.
An Update on Biochemotherapy of Advanced Gastric and Gastroesophageal Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Peyman Haghighat, Tanios Bekaii-Saab
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2008)

Gastric and gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma (GGA) are significant worldwide health problems. With most patients presenting with advanced disease, palliative chemotherapy plays a significant role in treatment. Results from recent phase III studies of cytotoxic agents in combination therapy, such as docetaxel, oxaliplatin, irinotecan, capecitabine, and S-1, have been encouraging and provide patients with additional therapeutic options. Although these forthcoming regimens have allowed for more flexible patient-tailored therapy, survival continues to be suboptimal. Although still in its infancy, targeted biotherapy, including inhibitors of the vascular endothelial and epidermal growth factor receptors, seems to be promising and its incorporation into the next generation of clinical trials will hopefully improve outcomes and help advance future treatments. This article reviews current active chemotherapeutic regimens and explores the role of novel targeted therapies in advanced GGA.
Epidemiological Study of Psychiatric Disorder in Adolescent Girls: Preliminary Communication
Authors: Philip Graham, Elizabeth Monck, Becky Dobbs, Naomi Richman
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (1984)

A two-stage general population study of affective disorder and problems of eating control in 15-19-year-old girls is in progress, the sample being identified by the use of general practitioners' age-sex registers. So far, 244 girls and their mothers have been interviewed and have independently completed questionnaires relating to mood and appetite control. The girls completed questionnaires both on themselves and on their mothers, and their mothers on themselves and on their daughters. Significant correlations between self-rating and rating of the other person were obtained in all cases, with agreement on the daughters' mood being higher in non-manual couples.
Immunochemical Studies on Human Lung Cancer Antigens Soluble in 50% Saturated Ammonium Sulfate&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Akira Yachi, Yoshiyuki Matsuura, Charles M. Carpenter, Leroy Hyde
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1968)

Goat and rabbit antisera were prepared against the fraction soluble in 50% saturated ammonium sulfate made from saline extracts of bronchogenic carcinoma, hepatoma, and colon carcinoma metastatic to the liver. The antiserum, after being absorbed with nonmalignant adult tissues, was reactive not only with lung cancer but also with other cancers and fetal tissues. By immunodiffusion, two tissue components designated X and Y were prominent, at least quantitatively, for lung cancers. Of 12 patients, 5 had both antigens, 6 had only Y antigens, and 1 had none. Both antigens, including their related components, were present in carcinomas of the stomach, pancreas, liver, and kidney. Some gastric and colonic cancers had a different antigenic composition from lung cancers. Immunoelectrophoresis showed multiple components and these antigens were considered to be complexes. There was a reaction of partial identity between the Y antigen and fetal protein; the antigenic determinants were greater in the Y antigen than in fetal protein. Gel filtration indicated that these antigens were larger in molecular size than serum IgG and that the X antigen was larger than the Y antigen. Other partial characterization studies were performed. Preliminary immunofluorescent study revealed that significant positive staining was observed for cancer cells but not for nonmalignant portions of tissues, which suggests a possible application to diagnosis.
Nucleolar ultrastructure and transcription of preribosomal RNA in Rous Sarcoma Virus-Transformed Chick Embryo Fibroblasts Treated With α-Amanitin&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: G Connan, F Mongiat, Y Toulemont, F Haguenau, F Rabotti
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1980)

Uninfected and Rous sarcoma virus (RSV)-transformed chick embryo fibroblasts (CEF) were exposed to various concentrations of alpha-amanitin for different lengths of time. At a concentration of 4 micrograms alpha-amanitin/ml, RSV-transformed cells were shown to maintain a normal rate of transcription of all classes of RNA, whereas in uninfected cells transcription was reduced to a very low level. These observations cannot be accounted for by a difference in the penetration rate of alpha-amanitin through the plasma membrane. Investigation of the ultrastructure showed that the degree of nucleolar fragmentation induced by alpha-amanitin was comparable in both types of cells. Persistence of transcription with concomitant nucleolar fragmentation in alpha-amanitin-treated RSV-transformed CEF is not in accord with the hypothesis that nucleolar integrity is required for preribosomal RNA transcription.
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor activators protect sebocytes from apoptosis: a new treatment modality for acne?
Authors: M. Schuster, C.C. Zouboulis, F. Ochsendorf, J. Müller, D. Thaçi, A. Bernd, R. Kaufmann, S. Kippenberger
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2010)

The main function of the human sebaceous gland is sebum excretion. Increased sebum levels combined with follicular hyperkeratinization are a prerequisite of acne vulgaris. As peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are known to control lipid metabolism in several human tissues they have been considered to be involved in the pathogenesis of acne vulgaris.To investigate the effect of activators of PPAR-α (WY14643), PPAR-γ (rosiglitazone) and PPAR-δ (L-165.041) on basal and staurosporine-induced apoptosis in the human sebocyte cell line SZ95 in vitro.After defining the basal effects of PPAR activators on membrane integrity (lactate dehydrogenase release) and DNA synthesis (5-bromodeoxyuridine incorporation), apoptosis was determined by the release of histone-associated DNA fragments. The underlying signalling events were detected by Western blotting and the use of specific inhibitors against p44/42 and protein kinase B (PKB)/Akt.PPAR activators of all three subsets offer antiapoptotic effects, with L-165.041 being the most potent. This compound induced the activation of PKB/Akt and p44/42, two kinases involved in antiapoptosis and proliferation, respectively. An inhibition of these kinases by specific inhibitors reversed the suppression of histone-associated DNA fragments by L-165.041, indicating that these signalling pathways participate in the observed antiapoptotic effect.The present data suggest that activators of PPAR, in particular of the δ subset, might have beneficial effects on acne vulgaris by inhibiting the release of lipids in the context of sebocyte apoptosis.
First expierience of endobronchial ultrasound with elastography: Preliminary feasibility and comparison of different approaches
Authors: Ilya Sivokozov, Vladimir Korolev, Tatyana Silina, Pavel Pravednikov, Boris Lensky
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Background. Elastography (EG) is widely used in EUS to provide targeted biopsy in malignancy. Recently, it was introduced for EBUS, but data are extremely scarce.  Aim. To evaluate preliminary feasibility of EG and compare its features in EBUS vs EUS(b).  Methods. Three pts (benign, malignant adenopathy, paratracheal Pancoast tumor) were assessed. EG was performed by Pentax EB-1970UK scope and Hitachi Noblus machine under general (EBUS) and local anesthesia (EUS-b). All targeted LNs and pulmonary mass were punctured by 22G needles (Cook, Medi-Globe). Consecutive EBUS and EUS(b) approach was used to assess features of EG for single LN in suspected sarcoidosis.  Results. 7 LNs and one pulmonary mass were detected (stations 4L-7-4R-2R). Malignant LNs were more rigid than benign by color histogram, pulmonary mass also was detected by EG, all biopsies were diagnostic. Comparing features in EUS(b) (Figure 1) vs EBUS (Figure 2) there was a trend to overestimate stiffness of a same LN by EBUS.  Conclusion. EG can be effectively used to assess LNs and pulmonary lesions via EBUS, but there is a trend to overestimate rigidity of lesions comparing to EUS.
Atrophoderma and juvenile idiopathic arthritis
Authors: A V RAMANAN, E M BAILDAM, M R JUDGE
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2001)

Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is a heterogeneous group of arthritis occurring in children under the age of 16. It is a complex multifactorial disease with genetic, immunological, and environmental factors strongly associated with causation.1 2 The incidence of JIA in the UK varies from 10 to 20/100 000/year, with a prevalence of 1/1000.3 

Idiopathic atrophoderma, as described by Pasini and Pierini, is a distinctive form of dermal atrophy seen particularly in children and younger people.4 There are usually no clinical signs of inflammation or symptoms. We report on a 13 year old girl with JIA and atrophoderma. Although considered a variant of morphea, atrophoderma is thought to be a distinct nosological entity. We believe that this is the first time an association between the two has been described.

### CASE REPORT

A 13 year old girl was referred by …
Complex approach in the study of clinical and functional features in patients with severe bronchial asthma with and without respiratory disorder during sleep
Authors: Liudmyla Iashyna, Yuriy Feshchenko, Svitlana Moskalenko, Inna Zvol, Irina Chumak
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Aim of study:   comparison of clinical and functional diagnostic criteria in patients with severe bronchial asthma and in combination with obstructive sleep apnea.    Materials and methods  : 60 patients with severe asthma were divided into 2 groups: I group of patients with OSA were 30 patients (16 women and 14 men age (58,8 ± 2,2) years) and II group of patients without OSA consisted of 17 women and 13 men age (50,5 ± 2,1) years. In both groups FEV 1  ranged from (54,8 ± 3,1) to (58,2 ± 2,6)%).  The following studies were performed: respiratory function, polysomnography, daily blood pressure measurement, Holter monitoring of ECG.    Results:   Asthma Control Test score revealed that patients with OSA had poor control of asthma symptoms (15,0 ± 4,7) compared to patients without OSA (18,0 ± 4,7) and higher scores for breathlessness scale MRCDS. Results of the questionnaire SQRG found that patients with OSA had more symptoms due to asthma and significant limitation of activity (67,1 ± 3,8) than patients without OSA (60,2 ± 4,7) (p     Conclusion:   the use of a wide range of diagnostic methods will allow for an adequate pathogenetic treatment and improvement of disease control in patients with severe asthma and in combination OSA.
Quantitative Techniques for Study of the Anatomy and Function of Small Blood Vessels in Tumors
Authors: I. F. Tannock, G. G. Steel
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1969)

Journal Article Quantitative Techniques for Study of the Anatomy and Function of Small Blood Vessels in Tumors Get access I. F. Tannock, I. F. Tannock Biophysics Department, Institute of Cancer Research, Belmont, Sutton, Surrey, England Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar G. G. Steel G. G. Steel Biophysics Department, Institute of Cancer Research, Belmont, Sutton, Surrey, England Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 42, Issue 5, May 1969, Pages 771–782, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/42.5.771 Published: 01 May 1969 Article history Received: 27 December 1968 Accepted: 07 February 1969 Published: 01 May 1969
Successful treatment strategy for Ki-1 anaplastic large-cell lymphoma of childhood: a prospective analysis of 62 patients enrolled in three consecutive Berlin-Frankfurt-Munster group studies.
Authors: A Reiter, M Schrappe, M Tiemann, R Parwaresch, M Zimmermann, E Yakisan, R Dopfer, P Bucsky, G Mann, H Gadner
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1994)

PURPOSE To prove prospectively the efficacy of a short-pulse chemotherapy for treatment of Ki-1 anaplastic large-cell lymphoma (ALCL) of childhood. PATIENTS AND METHODS From October 1983 to December 1992, 62 patients (median age, 9.7 years) with newly diagnosed Ki-1 ALCL were enrolled onto Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma-Berlin-Frankfurt-Munster (NHL-BFM) studies 83, 86, and 90. The most frequent immunophenotype was T cell. Ki-1 ALCL differed from other subsets of NHL of childhood by the more frequent involvement of bone, soft tissue, and skin, and by the lack of bone marrow (BM) disease. A 5-day prephase course (prednisone/cyclophosphamide) was followed by two different 5-day courses of chemotherapy: course A consisted of dexamethasone, methotrexate (MTX) 0.5 g/m2 (24-hour infusion), intrathecal chemotherapy, ifosfamide, cytarabine (Ara-C), and etoposide (VP-16); course B consisted of cyclophosphamide and doxorubicin instead of ifosfamide, and Ara-C/VP-16, respectively. Treatment was stratified into three branches. Branch 1 (stage I and stage II resected) received three courses; branch 2 (stage II not resected, stage III), six courses; and branch 3 (stage IV), six intensified courses containing MTX 5 g/m2, and Ara-C 2 g/m2. Local radiotherapy was not performed. RESULTS Four patients failed to enter remission, and one died of infection. Seven patients relapsed within 9 months after diagnosis; two patients had isolated local relapses, but BM and CNS were never involved. Fifty patients have been in first continuous complete remission (CR) for 0.6 to 9.7 years (median, 2.5), and 56 are alive. The probabilities for survival and event-free survival (EFS) at 9 years are 83% +/- 7% (SE) and 81% +/- 5%. Skin involvement was the only negative prognostic parameter. CONCLUSION Short-pulse chemotherapy over 2 to 5 months without local therapy modalities is effective in the treatment of Ki-1 ALCL.
Keratinocyte Growth Factor Enhances Post-Pneumonectomy Lung Growth by Alveolar Proliferation
Authors: Aditya K. Kaza, Irving L. Kron, Shari M. Leuwerke, Curtis G. Tribble, Victor E. Laubach
Journal: Circulation (2002)

Background Keratinocyte growth factor (KGF) has been shown to play an important role in pneumocyte proliferation and lung development. We hypothesized that exogenous KGF would enhance postpneumonectomy compensatory lung growth through alveolar proliferation. Methods and Results Adult Sprague–Dawley rats were used. Left pneumonectomy was performed in group P, sham thoracotomy in group S, and left pneumonectomy with administration of KGF (6.25 mg/week, intraperitoneally) in group PK. Lung weight index (LWI), lung volume index (LVI), and alveolar cell proliferation index (CPI) were measured in the right lung at 10 and 21 days after surgery. Morphometric analysis was used to determine alveolar surface density (Sv) and total volume of respiratory region (TVvr). As expected, LWI, LVI, and CPI were significantly increased after pneumonectomy at both time points in group P. The administration of KGF resulted in further significant enhancements of LWI, LVI, and CPI in group PK. TVvr was significantly increased in group P and further enhanced in group PK. Interestingly, Sv was not altered in group P but was significantly elevated in group PK. Administration of KGF to sham-operated animals did not alter LWI, LVI, or CPI. Conclusions KGF enhances compensatory lung growth after pneumonectomy in adult rats as indicated by increased LWI, LVI, and CPI. KGF induces new alveolar formation, as indicated by increases in Sv and TVvr. We believe that this is the first evidence that KGF can induce new alveolar formation in mature lungs.
Effects of PAF, FMLP and opsonized zymosan on the release of ECP, elastase and superoxide from human granulocytes
Authors: NC Turner, LJ Wood, M Foster, T Gueremy
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1994)

Platelet-activating factor (PAF) is a potent chemoattractant for human eosinophils and neutrophils and causes eosinophil and neutrophil recruitment into animal airways. Since eosinophils and eosinophil cationic proteins are thought to play an important role in the pathophysiology of asthma, we have examined the hypothesis that PAF may also stimulate eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) release from human granulocytes. Granulocytes (93% neutrophils, 3% eosinophils) were isolated from the blood of normal volunteers, using metrizamide density gradients, and stimulated in vitro with PAF, L-formyl-L-methionyl-L-leucyl-L-phenylalanine (FMLP) or opsonized zymosan (OPZ). Superoxide generation was measured colorimetrically, granulocyte degranulation by a fluorimetric assay for elastase, and eosinophil activation by specific radioimmunoassay (RIA) for ECP. Granulocyte chemotaxis was also measured. Whilst both PAF and FMLP were potent chemoattractants for human mixed granulocytes (concentrations producing half the maximal effect (EC50s) ca 10 nM), PAF at concentrations below 10 microM was a poor stimulus to superoxide generation, elastase release or ECP release from the same cell population. In contrast, FMLP was a potent stimulus to both superoxide generation (EC50 48 nM) and ECP (EC50 ca 100 nM) and elastase release (EC50 ca 1 microM). OPZ was a potent stimulus to superoxide generation, but was a poor stimulus to ECP or elastase release. Thus, although PAF is a potent chemoattractant for human granulocytes, our results suggest that it alone may not stimulate their subsequent activation and release of cytotoxic products.