tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Relationship Between Patient Mortality and Nurses' Level of Education
Authors: Ruth D Corcoran, Joyce P Murray
Journal: JAMA (2004)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract P369: Impact of Enhanced External Counterpulsation on Exercise Duration in Patients With Chronic Stable Angina: A Meta-analysis
Authors: Sachin A Shah, Bradley R Williams, Atiera Andrews-Pestana
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Introduction: Enhanced External Counterpulsation (EECP) is a non-invasive Food and Drug Administration approved treatment for patients with chronic stable angina and heart failure. Typical treatment regimen comprises of 35, 1-hour sessions of synchronized compressions of the calf, thigh, and sacral muscles over a seven-week period. Exercise duration measured using an exercise tolerance test is a commonly utilized marker of worsening ischemic disease and is predictive of cardiovascular mortality. Several studies have evaluated the impact of EECP on exercise duration with conflicting results. We sought to determine the magnitude of benefit of EECP on exercise duration. Methods: A literature search was performed in MEDLINE, CINAHL, and the Cochrane database along with hand searching of relevant articles limited to those published in the English language. Studies were included for analyses if assessing patients with stable angina and reporting exercise duration data using either the Bruce or modified Bruce exercise treadmill test. Appropriate data were extracted at baseline and after completion of the full course of EECP. Studies were excluded if presenting duplicate data or using a non-Bruce protocol. A weighted mean difference from baseline along with 95% confidence interval was calculated using the DerSimonian-Laird random-effects model. Sub-group analyses, the Cochran Q statistic, and JADAD scores were utilized to assess for heterogeneity, non-combinability, and quality of published studies respectively. Publication bias was assessed using visual inspection of funnel plots and the Egger bias statistic. Results: Our search strategy identified 1117 independent studies of which 15 were included for analyses. A total of 484 individual subjects were incorporated in the primary analysis. Exercise duration improved by 55.5 seconds (95%CI 36.1 to 74.9; Cochran Q, p=0.246) from baseline. The benefits were maintained when using a fixed-effects model, excluding small studies and limiting to studies using the Bruce protocol only. While the Egger statistic showed a lack of publication bias (p=0.121), it cannot be ruled out based on visual inspection of funnel plots. Conclusion: EECP significantly increases exercise duration by 56 seconds in patients with chronic stable angina. Further studies are needed to determine the impact of EECP on long-term outcomes. The views expressed in this material are those of the authors, and do not reflect the official policy or position of the U.S. Government, the Department of Defense or the Department of the Air Force.
Failure of an intervention to stop teenagers smoking
Authors: D. Reid
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Papers p 948 

Given the recent upturn in teenage smoking,1 would the innovative West Midlands prevention programme, described in this week's issue (p 948)2 be the magic bullet so many have been waiting for? Alas, as the authors have convincingly shown, it turned out to be a blank. This is not surprising, since the methods used did not appear to correspond with the findings from decades of research into “effective” antismoking programmes for schools.

Successful programmes have usually been based on the social influences theory, which involves persuading teenagers to develop the skills and commitment to resist cigarettes.3 Since success depends on working with socially interactive groups, the individualised computer component of the West Midlands programme would have had little to contribute.

The programme's class lessons component focused …
A Novel Classification of MUC1 Expression Is Correlated with Tumor Differentiation and Postoperative Prognosis in Non???Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Shinjiro Nagai, Kazumasa Takenaka, Makoto Sonobe, Eiji Ogawa, Hiromi Wada, Fumihiro Tanaka
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2006)
Myeloid Transcription Factor C/EBPɛ Is Involved in the Positive Regulation of Lactoferrin Gene Expression in Neutrophils
Authors: Walter Verbeek, Julie Lekstrom-Himes, Dorothy J. Park, Pham My-Chan Dang, Peter T. Vuong, Seji Kawano, Bernard M. Babior, Kleanthis Xanthopoulos, H. Phillip Koeffler
Journal: Blood (1999)
Abstract 2830: Predictive biomarker identification for response to vantictumab (OMP-18R5; anti-Frizzled) by mining gene expression data of human breast cancer xenografts
Authors: Chun Zhang, Pete Yeung, Lucia Beviglia, Belinda Cancilla, Tracy Tang, Wan-Ching Yen, Austin Gurney, John Lewicki, Timothy Hoey, Ann M. Kapoun
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract The Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway has been shown to play key roles in both normal development and tumorigenesis (Polakis, 2007; MacDonald et al., 2009). We have developed a monoclonal antibody, vantictumab, that blocks canonical WNT/β-catenin signaling through binding of five Fzd receptors (1, 2, 5, 7, 8) at a conserved epitope within the extracellular domain. This antibody inhibits the growth of several tumor types, including breast, pancreas, colon and lung. Furthermore, studies also showed that vantictumab reduces tumor-initiating cell frequency and exhibits synergistic activity with standard-of-care chemotherapeutic agents (Gurney et al., 2012). Predictive biomarkers are central to maximizing clinical benefit by targeting breast cancer patients most likely to respond to vantictumab. We analyzed microarray gene expression data from 8 minimally passaged breast cancer xenograft models (mostly triple-negative) with established in vivo responses to vantictumab combined with paclitaxel (4 responders, 4 non-responders). We utilized support vector machine—recursive feature elimination (SVM-RFE, Guyon et al., 2002) to identify genes that can distinguish between responder and non-responders and SVM for classification. Leave-one-out cross-validation was used to measure positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), sensitivity and specificity of the models. The selected 6-gene signature achieved the best performance with PPV=NPV=sensitivity=specificity=100% in the 8 breast cancer models. In addition, we observed a strong correlation between the gene signature biomarker and the ratio of tumor volume (RTV) observed in the breast xenograft experiments. The identified 6-gene biomarker was used to predict the response to vantictumab in combination with paclitaxel in 6 additional, HER2-negative breast cancer xenograft models. The efficacy in all 6 models was predicted successfully by the biomarker. Prevalence data for the biomarker will be presented for both HER2-negative and triple-negative breast cancers. The 6-gene biomarker is currently being evaluated in a Phase 1b study of vantictumab in combination with paclitaxel in patients with locally recurrent or metastatic HER2-negative breast cancer. Citation Format: Chun Zhang, Pete Yeung, Lucia Beviglia, Belinda Cancilla, Tracy Tang, Wan-Ching Yen, Austin Gurney, John Lewicki, Timothy Hoey, Ann M. Kapoun. Predictive biomarker identification for response to vantictumab (OMP-18R5; anti-Frizzled) by mining gene expression data of human breast cancer xenografts. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 2830. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-2830
Mutations in ATP6N1B, encoding a new kidney vacuolar proton pump 116-kD subunit, cause recessive distal renal tubular acidosis with preserved hearing
Authors: Annabel N. Smith, Jennifer Skaug, Keith A. Choate, Ahmet Nayir, Aysin Bakkaloglu, Seza Ozen, Sally A. Hulton, Sami A. Sanjad, Essam A. Al-Sabban, Richard P. Lifton, Stephen W. Scherer, Fiona E. Karet
Journal: Nature Genetics (2000)
Abstract 3720: Intrinsic and acquired resistance mechanisms of alectinib in ALK rearranged cells
Authors: Yukiko Hibino, Sasaki Takaaki, Yoshinori Minami, Pasi A. Janne, Yoshinobu Ohsaki
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Background However potency of Alectinib, a selective ALK inhibitor, for ALK rearranged NSCLC and for that with secondary mutation have been reported, intrinsic and acquired resistance are likely to emerge. Recent study showed tumor microenvironment triggered resistance to Crizotinib and TAE684. In this study, we examine whether emerging of intrinsic and acquired resistance are affected by tumor microenvironment in H3122, EML4-ALK positive lung cancer cell line, and in Alectinib-resistant clone of H3122 (AFR) which is generated in vitro. Elucidating intrinsic resistant mechanisms and preceding development of acquired resistance to understand its mechanisms will provide beneficial information for the development of novel therapeutic strategies in clinical practice. Methods We examined the effect of EGF produced by endothelial cells on Alectinib sensitivity of H3122 cell line, and EGF and HGF produced by fibroblasts on Alectinib sensitivity of H3122AFR by clonogenic assay. Downstream pathways of ALK in both cells were analyzed by western blotting. Combination treatments of Alectinib and other TKI were tested both in vitro and in vivo. Results H3122 cells which had been cultured with EGF acquired resistance to Alectinib treatment. Combination treatment of Alectinib and Erlotinib overcome EGF induced resistance and showed down-regulation in phosphorylation of AKT and ERK1/2. H3122AFR cells were also reduced their sensitivity to Alectinib at 100 uM or higher concentration when the media contained EGF or HGF. Erlotinib or Crizotinib combined with Alectinib canceled the EGF-induced or HGF-induced resistance by down-regulating phosphorylation of AKT and ERK1/2. In vivo, tumor xenografts of nude mice which had been orally administered Alectinib and Erlotinib showed tumor regression in both H3122 and H3122AFR, and those received Alectinib and Crizotinib showed regression in H3122AFR. Conclusion In our study, we showed ligands produced by tumor microenvironment, such as EGF and HGF, contributed the emerging of intrinsic resistance and acquired resistance by activating survival pathway. Further, the efficacy of combination treatment of Alectinib with Erlotinib or that with Crizotinib was shown. Collectively, Alectinib combined with EGFR-TKI would be an effective strategy for Alectinib-resistant lung cancer, and Alectinib with crizotinib is another considerable strategy. Citation Format: Yukiko Hibino, Sasaki Takaaki, Yoshinori Minami, Pasi A. Janne, Yoshinobu Ohsaki. Intrinsic and acquired resistance mechanisms of alectinib in ALK rearranged cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 3720. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-3720
Why can't GPs follow guidelines on depression?
Authors: T. Kendrick
Journal: BMJ (2000)

The Hampshire depression project, published recently, was a large well designed randomised controlled study of teaching practitioners about the recognition and management of depression and using patient improvement as the outcome measure. Its results were disappointingly negative, failing to show any increase in recognition or patient recovery rates.1 These findings herald the need for a major change in thinking about improving the management of depression in primary care.
The Ann Arbor Criteria for Appropriate Urinary Catheter Use in Hospitalized Medical Patients: Results Obtained by Using the RAND/UCLA Appropriateness Method
Authors: Jennifer Meddings, Sanjay Saint, Karen E. Fowler, Elissa Gaies, Andrew Hickner, Sarah L. Krein, Steven J. Bernstein
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2015)

Interventions to reduce urinary catheter use involve lists of "appropriate" indications developed from limited evidence without substantial multidisciplinary input. Implementing these lists, however, is challenging given broad interpretation of indications, such as "critical illness." To refine criteria for appropriate catheter use-defined as use in which benefits outweigh risks-the RAND/UCLA Appropriateness Method was applied. After reviewing the literature, a 15-member multidisciplinary panel of physicians, nurses, and specialists in infection prevention rated scenarios for catheter use as appropriate, inappropriate, or of uncertain appropriateness by using a standardized, multiround rating process. The appropriateness of Foley catheters, intermittent straight catheters (ISCs), and external condom catheters for hospitalized adults on medical services was assessed in 299 scenarios, including urinary retention, incontinence, wounds, urine volume measurement, urine sample collection, and comfort. The scenarios included patient-specific issues, such as difficulty turning and catheter placement challenges. The panel rated 105 Foley scenarios (43 appropriate, 48 inappropriate, 14 uncertain), 97 ISC scenarios (15 appropriate, 66 inappropriate, 16 uncertain), and 97 external catheter scenarios (30 appropriate, 51 inappropriate, 16 uncertain). The refined criteria clarify that Foley catheters are appropriate for measuring and collecting urine only when fluid status or urine cannot be assessed by other means; specify that patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) need specific medical indications for catheters because ICU location alone is not an appropriate indication; and recognize that Foley and external catheters may be pragmatically appropriate to manage urinary incontinence in select patients. These new appropriateness criteria can inform large-scale collaborative and bedside efforts to reduce inappropriate urinary catheter use.
Beneficial effect of probiotics in IBD
Authors: Elise Macho Fernandez, Bruno Pot, Corinne Grangette
Journal: Gut Microbes (2011)

Although the beneficial capacities of probiotics are more and more substantiated, their effects clearly depend on the strains used and their mechanisms of action remain poorly understood. Recent evidences have highlighted the potential role of cell-wall components in the anti-inflammatory capacity of selected lactobacilli. In this addendum, we summarize our recent results concerning the role of peptidoglycan (PGN) and NOD2 signaling in the regulation of intestinal inflammation. We showed that the protective effect of Lactobacillus PGN is strain-specific and linked to the induction of diverse immune regulatory pathways. Moreover the beneficial effect of Lactobacillus PGN correlated with the release of a specific muropeptide sensed by NOD2. These findings allow for a better understanding of how probiotic lactobacilli exert their beneficial effect and will help guide for more successful strain selection.
Six years surveillance of hepatitis A and B in general practice in France
Authors: A Flahault, P Maison, N Farran, V Massari
Journal: Eurosurveillance (1997)

The French sentinel network is composed of general practitioners who record on an ongoing basis cases of seven infectious diseases (i.e. influenza-like illness, acute diarrhoea, chickenpox, mumps, measles, male urethritis, and acute hepatitis of probable
Abstract 127: Severity of Postresuscitation Myocardial Dysfunction Is Dependent on the Duration of Untreated Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Ilaria Russo, Roberta Affatato, Sabina Ceriani, Alessandra Secomandi, Francesca Fumagalli, Davide D Zani, Deborah Novelli, Teresa Letizia, Mauro Di Giancamillo, Serge Masson, Roberto Latini, Lidia Staszewsky, Giuseppe Ristagno
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Introduction: The duration of untreated ventricular fibrillation (VF) is one of the major determinant for outcome of cardiac arrest (CA). We investigated the relationship between different durations of untreated VF and post-resuscitation myocardial dysfunction and survival in a pig model. Methods: An established model of myocardial infarction followed by CA and CPR was used. Twenty pigs(35-43 Kg) were subjected to 3 different untreated VF intervals, prior to mechanical CPR and defibrillation: 8-10 min; 12-13 min; or 14-15 min. Arterial and central venous pressures were invasively monitored. Ejection fraction (EF) was echocardiographically assessed together with termodilution cardiac output (CO) and high sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT) assay. Ninety six hr survival was evaluated. Results: All the animals were resuscitated, except for 2 in the 14-15 min VF duration (Table). More than 80% of animals survived when the duration of VF was below 13 min, compared to only 17% after 14-15 min (Fig A). The duration of untreated VF correlated with the number of defibrillations required prior to resuscitation (r=0.60, p=0.01, Table). Longer durations of VF were characterized by higher post-resuscitation heart rate and right atrium pressure and by lower post-resuscitation CO and EF (p&lt;0.01, Table). Ninety six hr EF recovered in all animals except in the pig that survived after 14-15 min VF. EF correlated with the number of defibrillation delivered (Fig B) and with hs-cTnT release (r=-0.84, p&lt;0.0001). Conclusions: In this model, post-resuscitation myocardial dysfunction and survival were affected by the duration of untreated VF in a time-dependent manner.
Elucidation of the metabolic and elimination pathways of panobinostat (LBH589) using [<sup>14</sup>C]-panobinostat
Authors: S. Clive, M. M. Woo, M. Stewart, T. Nydam, S. Hirawat, M. Kagan
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

2549 Background: Panobinostat (PAN), a hydroxamic acid derivative, is a potent pan-deacetylase inhibitor, demonstrating anti-tumor activities in a wide variety of preclinical models and showing promising clinical activity. This study elucidates the metabolic and elimination pathways of PAN using [ 14 C]-PAN. Methods: Four patients with advanced cancer received a single oral 20 mg dose of [ 14 C]-PAN (50 μCi). Whole blood, plasma, urine, and feces were collected over 7 days. Total radioactivity was measured in blood, plasma, and excreta by liquid scintillation counting. PAN and its metabolite concentrations in plasma and excreta were measured by LC-MS/MS and HPLC with radiometric detection. Patients were monitored for safety. Results: The single PAN dose was well tolerated with no clinically significant laboratory or ECG abnormalities observed. PAN had a rapid oral absorption [median T max 0.8 h (range, 0.5–1 h)] and moderate elimination (median t 1/2 31 h). The median t 1/2 for blood and plasma radioactivity was 54 and 75 hours, respectively. Mass balance was achieved with ≥87% of the administered radioactivity being recovered in the excreta of all patients after 7 days. 44–77% and 29–51% of the dose was recovered in the feces and urine, respectively. Unchanged PAN accounted for ≤3% of the administered dose in the feces, suggesting good oral absorption. The most prominent metabolic pathways involved modifications of the hydroxamic acid (HA) side chain, to form an amide via reduction, carboxylic acid via either hydrolysis or one- and two-carbon (M1) shortening of the HA side chain. Oxygenation and glucuronidation were also observed. PAN accounted for ≤9% of the total radioactivity AUC. The most abundant circulating metabolites in plasma were the glucuronide of M1 (19%) and carbamoyl glucuronide of PAN (13%). At least 40 metabolites, many at trace levels, were observed circulating in plasma. Conclusions: PAN and its metabolites are equally excreted in the urine and feces. Elimination of PAN is primarily by metabolism via reduction, hydrolysis, oxidation and glucuronidation. The balanced elimination and absence of a single major route of PAN metabolism suggest that clinical drug-drug interactions are unlikely with PAN. [Table: see text]
Abstract 13006: Computed Tomographic Indexing Aortic Root Area to Height Provides Incremental Prognostic Utility in Patients With Trileaflet Aortic Valve and Dilated Aortic Root
Authors: Ahmad Masri, Vidyasager Kalahasti, Lars G Svensson, Eric E Roselli, Douglas Johnston, Donald Hammer, Richard A Grimm, Paul Schoenhagen, Brian P Griffin, Milind Y Desai
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Background:  We sought to assess predictors of long-term outcomes in patients with dilated aortic roots, but with trileaflet aortic valves (TAV). We also sought to assess incremental prognostic utility of indexing aortic root area to height.   Methods:  We studied 584 consecutive patients (61±14 years, 89% men) with TAV & dilated aortic root (≥4 cm) that underwent echo & gated contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) of thoracic aorta between 2003-7. Clinical, echo & CT data were recorded. A ratio of aortic root area over height was calculated (cm2/m). A composite endpoint of death & dissection were recorded.   Results:  The mean Euroscore & ejection fraction were 9±5 & 55±9%; 7% had Marfan’s syndrome, 18% had ≥III+ aortic regurgitation (AR) & 3% had AV gradient ≥40 mm Hg. Aortic root sizes (on CT) were as follows: 4-4.5 cm (50%), 4.6-4.9 cm (28%), 5-5.5 cm (16%), >5.5 cm (6%). Aortic root area/height ratio was abnormal (≥10) in 27% patients. During a follow up of 4.6±4 years, 238 (41%) patients underwent ascending aortic surgery (+/- combination coronary bypass &/or AV replacement), while 104 (18%) met the composite endpoint (3% had an aortic dissection). On multivariable Cox Proportional Hazard Analysis, increasing age (Hazard ratio or HR 1.06), Marfan’s syndrome (HR 2.37), aortic root area/height ratio (HR 1.74) and aortic surgery (HR 0.86) were independently associated with composite endpoint (all p   Conclusion:  In TAV patients with dilated aortic root, ratio of aortic root area/height provides independent & improved stratification for prediction of death or dissection.