tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Data may not have been summarised appropriately
Authors: D. Lowe
Journal: BMJ (1996)

EDITOR,—June M C McArdle and colleagues end their paper by saying that “the failure to reduce morbidity in the combined approach [routine care plus support from a breast care nurse and a voluntary organisation] is difficult to explain.”1 This logic is not supported by the data presented.

An overconcentration on P values at the expense of descriptive trends seems to have led the authors to conclude that “scores were consistently lower in patients offered support from [a] breast care nurse alone compared with the other …
Abstract 14718: Rheumatic Disease and Atrial Fibrillation Duration Are Predictors of Inability to Recover Atrial Contractility After MAZE IV Surgery.
Authors: matias tinetti, Ramiro Costello, Antonio Piazza, Adrian Baranchuk, Ricardo Iglesias
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Introduction:  MAZE IV surgery is an effective option to restore sinus rhythm (SR) and atrial contraction (AC) in patients with no rheumatic persistent atrial fibrillation (AF). However, there is less information on the effectiveness to restore AC in patients with rheumatic disease.   Hypothesis:  To assess the effectiveness of the MAZE IV surgery on restoring AC in patients with rheumatic disease and long lasting persistent AF.   Methods:  Prospective, consecutive study in patients underwent cardiovascular surgery and had persistent AF in whom MAZE IV surgery was performed. Clinical follow-up, 24-hour Holter, echocardiogram and mitral annulus tissue Doppler were done at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months post surgery. The presence of AC was assessed by lateral mitral annulus tissue Doppler. Chi square test and Fisher test were used to analyze data. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to define the cutoff point in continuous variables. Kaplan-Meier curve was obtained using SPSS−13.0 statistical analysis software.   Results:  A total of 107 patients were included. Mean age 64 years (+/− 12,4); 43 men (40%); 75 (70%) patients presented rheumatic disease. AF duration, 61months (+/−35,4). Primary indication for surgery: rheumatic mitral stenosis (65%%), aortic stenosis (6,5%), aortic insufficiency (4,5%), mitral insufficiency (22,5%) and coronary by pass surgery (4%). Mean left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) 49,5% (+/−12,6) and mean left atrial area 34 cm 2  (+/−12,7). After a mean follow-up of 28 months (+/−9,3), 91 patients remained alive and 78 (86%) were in SR. AC was detected in 45 patients (58%). AC in rheumatic patients was absent in 62% vs 15% in non rheumatic; (p=0,002). When the duration of AF was   5 years, 30% presented AC; p>0,001. The ROC curve for AF >5 years showed 85% sensibility and 93% specificity for the detection of patients who will not present AC (area under curve = 0,97).   Conclusions:  In patients with rheumatic disease the absence of correlation between sinus rhythm and atrial contraction is significant. A history of AF lasting more than 5 years was a predictor for the absence of AC. This information may be useful in deciding long term anticoagulation after surgery.
Abstract P068: Soda Consumption and Biomarkers of Cardiovascular Risk in Mexican Women
Authors: Martha Tamez, Ruy López-Ridaura, Adriana Monge, Isabelle Romieu, Sabina Rinaldi, Elsa Yunes, Margarita Blanco, Martin Lajous
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Background: Soda consumption is associated with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Few studies have investigated the relation between sugar-sweetened and artificially sweetened soda consumption and cardiovascular risk biomarkers. Methods: We evaluated the cross-sectional association between sugar-sweetened and artificially sweetened soda consumption and biomarkers of cardiovascular risk in 874 Mexican women from the Mexican Teachers’ Cohort study. We collected information on habitual consumption (never to ≥6 times per day) of a standard 12 oz serving (1 glass, can, or bottle) of sugar-sweetened and artificially sweetened sodas through a food frequency questionnaire. Plasma concentrations of biomarkers were measured by standard methods. Geometric means were calculated where appropriate. We used multivariable linear regression models to assess the associations of sugar-sweetened and artificially sweetened soda consumption with CRP, C-peptide, leptin, adiponectin, glucose, HDL-c, LDL-c, total cholesterol and triglycerides. Models were adjusted for age, BMI, physical activity, smoking, menopause, alcohol, family history of coronary heart disease and batches. Results: Per 12 oz serving/d of sugar-sweetened soda consumption, CRP was 1.07 mg/dL higher (95% CI 1.03 to 1.17), triglycerides were 10.3 mg/dL higher (95% CI 2.2 to 20.4), and adiponectin was 115 ng/mL lower (95% CI -122 to -107). Per 12 oz serving/d of artificially sweetened soda consumption, C-peptide was 0.18 ng/mL lower (95% CI -0.32 to -0.02) (Table 1). Conclusions: Intake of sugar-sweetened but not artificially sweetened sodas was significantly associated with increased plasma CRP and triglycerides, and decreased adiponectin. Artificially sweetened soda consumption was significantly associated with lower C-peptide.
Which drugs cause cancer?For and against: Cancer bioassays
Authors: Andrew Knight, William H Farland, Jarrod Bailey, Jonathan Balcombe, Bruce Rodan, Peter Preuss
Journal: BMJ (2005)

# Which drugs cause cancer? {#article-title-2} Animal tests yield misleading results FOR Despite President Nixon's War on Cancer, launched in 1971, and billions of dollars spent since then, cancer remains the second-leading killer of Americans. Around 40% of us will get cancer, and half of us will die from it.1 This cease-less tide of human suffering starkly questions the effectiveness of our strategies, including the accuracy of our methods for identifying human carcinogens. Millions of laboratory animals have been sacrificed for this purpose. Thousands of chemicals, including ever-increasing numbers of therapeutic drugs, are consequently described as potentially carcinogenic. Yet, are animal experiments really predictive of human carcinogenicity? The agency most responsible for protecting Americans from environmental contaminants is the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), and the chemicals of greatest public health concern are described within its Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) toxic chemicals database. We recently surveyed this database to assess the human utility of animal carcinogenicity data. Most chemicals lack human exposure data and possess only animal carcinogenicity data. In the majority of cases, however—58.1% (93/160)—we found that the EPA considered the animal data inadequate to support the useful human carcinogenicity classifications of probable carcinogen or non-carcinogen.2 But at least the animal data were predictive for 42% of chemicals. Or were they? A comparison of EPA carcinogenicity classifications with those assigned by the World Health Organization's International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) yielded disturbing results. For the 128 chemicals with human or animal data assessed by both agencies, human carcinogenicity classifications were similar only for those 17 possessing significant human data. For the 111 primarily reliant on animal data, the EPA was far likelier than the IARC to assign carcinogenicity classifications indicative of greater human risk.2 The IARC is widely recognized as the world's leading authority on carcinogenicity assessments. Such profound differences … Correspondence to:
603. Prostate Tumor Regression Following Adenoviral Delivery of Flp Recombinase-Regulated Diphtheria Toxin Expression
Authors: Janet A. Sawicki, Weidan Peng
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2004)

Top of pageAbstract
We have previously shown that a dual system for controlling gene expression that relies both on transcriptional regulation and DNA recombination mediated by the site-directed recombinase, Flp, effectively controls the expression of a gene encoding the A chain of diphtheria toxin (DT-A). In this study, we investigated the use of a chimeric modified enhancer/promoter sequence of the human prostate specific antigen (PSA) gene, PSE-BC, to effect DT-A expression in xenografts derived from LNCaP human prostate cancer cells. Following subcutaneous injection of LNCaP cells into nude mice, we used calipers to measure the size of tumors that developed. When tumor volumes were approximately 250 mm3, we inoculated two viruses directly into each tumor (1010 viral particles for each virus). In initial experiments, we inoculated tumors with Ad-PSE-BC/FLP and Ad-RSV/FRT2neo/EGFP. Five days post-injection, we examined whole tumors by fluorescent microscopy and observed EGFP fluorescence in many tumor cells. Even more cells expressed EGFP nine days post-injection. Addition of the testosterone analog R1881 to the viral injection buffer significantly enhanced EGFP expression. The absence of fluorescence in tumors injected with control viruses indicated that EGFP expression was the consequence of Flp recombinase-mediated recombination in tumor cells. In subsequent experiments, we used a similar DNA construct in which EGFP was replaced with DT-A to test how effectively Flp recombinase-regulated expression of DT-A killed prostate tumor cells in xenografts. We measured tumor size before and after the intratumoral inoculation of a mixture of two viruses (1010 viral particles for each virus). Ten days following administration of Ad-PSE-BC/FLP and Ad-RSV/FRT2neo/DT-A, the tumors were half their original size. In contrast, there was a 2-fold increase in the size of control tumors injected with Ad-PSE-BC/FLP and Ad-RSV/FRT2neo/lacZ. These results demonstrate that FLP recombinase-mediated expression of DT-A in PSA-expressing prostate tumor cells effectively kills the cells, resulting in tumor regression. We are currently investigating how effectively PSE-BC promoter-driven expression of Flp recombinase specifically targets death due to DT-A expression to PSA-expressing cells.
Abstract MP50: Metabolic Predictors of Type 2 Diabetes in American Indians: The Strong Heart Family Study
Authors: Yun Zhu, Jiang He, Lyle G Best, Elisa T Lee, Barbara V Howard, Jinying Zhao
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Background: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is characterized by profound metabolic abnormalities. Current glycemic indicators have limitations in identifying early metabolic alterations. Objective: To identify novel metabolic predictors of T2D in American Indians participating in the Strong Heart Family Study. Methods: Among 2,129 participants who had normal fasting glucose (NFG) at baseline (2001-2003) and also attended clinical examination after 5-year follow-up (2006-2009), 142 developed incident T2D, 514 developed incident impaired fasting glucose (IFG), and 1,473 remained to be NFG. The current analysis included all incident cases of T2D (n=142), 146 incident IFG (randomly selected from 514 participants with incident IFG) and 144 NFG (randomly selected from 1,473 participants with NFG at both visits). Baseline plasma metabolites were detected by high-resolution LC/MS. The prospective association of each metabolite with risk for T2D or IFG was investigated using weighted Cox’s hazard regression with frailty model, adjusting for sex, study center, age, BMI, renal function, fasting glucose and fasting insulin at baseline. Multiple testing was corrected by Bonferroni correction (significance level 2.8х10-6). Results: Thirty-nine metabolites from several major fuel sources, including sugar amino acids, amino acids, lipids, alkaloids, alkylamines, carboxylic acids, steroids, and aromatic homomonocylic/heteropolycyclic compounds, significantly predicted future risk of T2D (10 metabolites), or IFG (27 metabolites), or both (2 metabolites). Of these, N1,N12-diacetylspermine and betanidin, respectively, were the strongest predictors for increased (HR=4.59, 95% CI, 2.55-8.24, P=3.49х10-7) and decreased risk of T2D (HR=0.38, 95% CI, 0.28-0.52, P=4.64х10-10). The corresponding strongest predictors for IFG were hexanoic acid (HR=2.34, 95% CI, 1.84-2.98, P=3.15х10-12) and l-palmitoylcarnitine (HR=0.26, 95% CI, 0.18-0.37, P=1.14х10-13), respectively. Two metabolites, betanidin and dopamine, significantly predicted future onset of both T2D (HR=0.38, 95% CI, 0.28,0.52, P=4.64х10-10 for betanidin; HR=2.48, 95% CI, 1.71-3.58, P=1.42х10-6 for dopamine) and IFG (HR=0.52, 95% CI, 0.43,0.62, P=1.35х10-12 for betanidin; HR=2.24, 95% CI, 1.73,2.89, P=5.79х10-10 for dopamine). Multiple unknown compounds were also independently associated with risk of T2D, IFG or both. Conclusions: This study identifies both novel and known metabolic alterations associated with risk of diabetes in American Indians, an ethnic group suffering from disproportionately high rates of T2D. The incomplete overlapping of metabolic profiles between T2D and IFG highlights differential metabolic states of diabetes development. Our results not only provide novel insights in disease pathogenesis but also valuable data on potential new targets for risk prediction and treatment.
Abstracts 1 to 257
Authors: L. Zender, M. S. Spector, W. Xue, P. Flemming, D. Mu, C. Cordon-Cardo, S. Powers, G. J. Hannon, R. Lucito, S. W. Lowe
Journal: Hepatology (2005)

Introduction: Liver allografts obtained from non-heart beating donors (NHBDs) have been used to address the supply-demand imbalance in liver transplantation, and some centers have demonstrated good posttransplant survival in selected patients that receive NHBD allografts.Such case series do not allow for the increase in mortality associated with these NHBD allografts to be estimated, however, because they lack an adequate control group.Objective: To estimate the increase in mortality and allograft failure attributable to the use of NHBD liver allografts.Methods: All adult patients that have undergone liver transplantation since the implementation of MELD scoring were enrolled through the UNOS OPTN database.Patients with a history of multiorgan transplantation or previous liver transplant were excluded.All recipients of NHBD liver allografts were selected as cases.For each case, a heart-beating donor (HBD) control patient was randomly selected after adjusting for MELD score at the time of transplantation, recipient age, and gender.The Cox proportional hazards model was used for univariate analysis of risk attributable to the use of NHBD allografts.Results: 120 cases and 120 matched controls were obtained.No significant differences between the groups existed for pretransplant variables, including age, creatinine, bilirubin, albumin, incidence of pretransplant life support, or indication for transplantation (pϭns for all analyses).Patient survival rates at 1-year after transplantation were 80.9% and 88.3% for the NHBD and HBD groups, respectively (pϭns).The allograft survival rates one year after transplantation were 65.3% for NHBD cases and 84.3% for HBD controls (hazard ratio 2.35, 95% CI 1.2 -4.8; pϭ0.02).Eight retransplants occurred for every 100 NHBD livers used, for a net gain of 92 transplants; in comparison, approximately 2 retransplants occurred for every 100 HBD livers used in transplantation for a net gain of 98 transplants.Conclusions: A comparison of liver transplant recipients matched for pre-transplant severity of illness, age and gender demonstrates that the risk of 1-year posttransplant patient mortality was not statistically different between recipients of NHBD and HBD liver allografts.NHBD allografts may be a viable option to expand the supply of liver allografts by acting as a bridge to HBD liver transplantation without significantly compromising posttransplant patient mortality.
Abstract 19037: Exercise Reduces 24-hr Blood Pressure and Albuminuria in Patients with Moderate Diabetic Kidney Disease
Authors: Ulf G Bronas, Marc Weber, Paul Drawz, John Bantle, Daniel Duprez, Mark Rosenberg
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Introduction: Observational studies have shown an inverse association between physical function and CVD mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) through unknown mechanisms. We have previously reported a significant exercise-induced reduction in resting blood pressure (BP) in 85 patients with stage 2-4 type 2 diabetes related CKD (DKD). The efficacy of exercise to reduce 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure (ABP) and albumin-creatinine ratio (ACR) is unclear. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that 12wks of exercise would reduce 24-hr ABP and ACR in patients with stage 3-4 DKD and hypertension, compared to the control group. Methods: We randomly assigned 28 participants (21 male, age 62.9 yrs, BMI 34.8 kg/m2) with stage 3-4 DKD and hypertension (141(17)/75 (10) mmHg) to either 12-wks of moderate-intensity exercise training, 4x/wk for 45 minutes (n=15) or a usual medical care control group (n=13). The primary endpoint was change in 24-hr ABP at 12-wks. Results: There were no significant differences between groups in baseline demographic or medical variables. There were no changes in pharmacological variables at 12-week follow-up; group comparisons were analyzed by ANCOVA using baseline and exercise performed as covariates. Systolic BP levels and ACR were significantly reduced in the exercise-intervention group compared to the control group (Table 1). Reductions in diastolic BP levels were not significant between groups. Heart rate variables did not differ between groups. There was a strong inverse association between change in aerobic capacity and change in systolic and diastolic BP levels in the exercise group only (r=-.56, p=.039, and -.66, p=.011). Conclusion: This study suggests that exercise training imparts a favorable modulation of BP levels and ACR in patients with stage 3-4 DKD, potentially providing insight into the cardioprotective effect of exercise in this population.
Effects of procainamide on intra-atrial [corrected] electrograms during atrial fibrillation: implications [corrected] for detection algorithms.
Authors: K M Ropella, A V Sahakian, J M Baerman, S Swiryn
Journal: Circulation (1988)

The effects of antiarrhythmic drugs on electrograms have implications for arrhythmia-detection algorithms in implantable antitachycardia devices. Filtered and unfiltered intra-atrial electrograms were analyzed in eight patients who received procainamide (50 mg/min iv, up to 1000 mg) during 11 episodes of atrial fibrillation. Continuous recordings were made before, during, and after the infusion. The recordings were digitized, divided into 4.27 sec segments, and analyzed for atrial rate, median frequency and amplitude probability density function. Significant differences were noted before and after infusion of procainamide for atrial rate (498 +/- 97 vs 356 +/- 146 beats/min; p less than .005), median frequency (5.50 +/- 1.22 vs 4.24 +/- 0.99 Hz; p less than .0005), and density (58.3 +/- 13.9% vs 69.1 +/- 15.0%; p less than .005). Pre- and postprocainamide values were compared with published criteria for detection of atrial fibrillation. Before procainamide, only 2.3%, 5.7%, and 3.4% of the data segments failed to meet criteria for atrial fibrillation by rate, frequency content, and density, respectively. In contrast, after procainamide, 50%, 36.4%, and 28.4% of the data segments failed to meet these same criteria, despite electrograms still meeting morphologic criteria for atrial fibrillation. Thus procainamide resulted in changes sufficient to cause failure of published criteria for detection of atrial fibrillation. These findings have broad implications for the function of antitachycardia devices in patients receiving antiarrhythmic drug therapy.
Matrix metalloproteinases‐7, ‐8, ‐9 and TIMP‐1 in the follow‐up of diisocyanate‐induced asthma
Authors: P. Piirilä, A. Lauhio, M.‐L. Majuri, A. Meuronen, M. Myllärniemi, T. Tervahartiala, K. Vuorinen, A. Laitinen, H. Alenius, V. L. Kinnula, T. Sorsa
Journal: Allergy (2009)

Abstract Background: Diisocyanate‐induced asthma (DIA) is known to be associated with poor prognosis. We wished to clarify if matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)‐7, ‐8 or ‐9 or tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases (TIMP‐1) are associated with the functional or inflammatory outcome in DIA patients. Methods: This is a longitudinal study where 17 patients with DIA diagnosed by a specific challenge test to diisocyanates were monitored. Exposure to diisocyanates was terminated seven (mean) months before the challenge test. The studies included spirometry, histamine challenge test and bronchoscopy. MMP‐7, MMP‐8, TIMP‐1 [Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)‐ and immunofluorometric assay‐methods], MMP‐9 (ELISA and zymography), interferon‐gamma, tumour necrosis factor‐alpha, interleukin‐6, ‐8, ‐15, ‐17, CXCL‐5/ENA‐78, monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1 and macrophage inhibitory factor (MIF) (ELISA) were assayed from bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid. Inhaled steroid therapy was initiated after the examinations, which were repeated at 6 months and at 3 years during the treatment. The results were compared with those of 15 healthy controls. Results: Inhaled steroid medication increased BAL levels of MMP‐9 and MMP‐9/TIMP‐1 and decreased MMP‐7 and MMP‐7/TIMP‐1. The increase in MMP‐9 levels was associated with a decline in the TH‐2 type inflammation. Conclusions: Our data suggest that reduced TH‐2 type inflammation in DIA after inhaled steroid medication is reflected as elevated MMP‐9 and MMP‐9/TIMP‐1 levels in BAL. MIF may be the inducer of MMP‐9. This might point to some protective role for MMP‐9 in DIA.
Acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis induced by velvet antler
Authors: T.Y. Yoon, D.Y. Lee, Y.J. Kim, J.Y. Lee, M.K. Kim
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2011)

Journal Article Acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis induced by velvet antler Get access T.Y. Yoon, T.Y. Yoon Departments of Dermatology Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar D.Y. Lee, D.Y. Lee Departments of Dermatology Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Y.J. Kim, Y.J. Kim Departments of Dermatology Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J.Y. Lee, J.Y. Lee Departments of Dermatology Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M.K. Kim M.K. Kim Internal Medicine, School of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 361‐763, Korea E‐mail: tyyoon@chungbuk.ac.kr Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 165, Issue 2, 1 August 2011, Pages 447–448, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2011.10388.x Published: 01 August 2011