tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Fog-induced Cough with Impaired Respiratory Sensation in Congenital Central Hypoventilation Syndrome
Authors: Federico Lavorini, Giovanni A. Fontana, Tito Pantaleo, Pietro Geri, Raffaele Piumelli, Massimo Pistolesi, John Widdicombe
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2007)

Congenital central hypoventilation syndrome (CCHS) is a genetic disorder mainly characterized by failure of automatic control of breathing, causing alveolar hypoventilation. Little is known regarding cough in CCHS. Parental reports indicate that patients cough normally during airway infections; however, previous studies have demonstrated no cough response to fog inhalation.To evaluate the sensory and motor components of cough, respiratory sensations, and changes in ventilation evoked by fog inhalation in children with CCHS and in sex- and age-matched control subjects.Cough threshold was measured and cough intensity was indexed in terms of cough peak expiratory flow and integrated abdominal electromyographic activity. The pattern of breathing was recorded by inductive plethysmography. Respiratory sensations were also investigated.All control subjects and six of seven patients coughed in response to fog inhalation. The seventh coughed with citric acid aerosol inhalation. Cough threshold values were similar in control subjects (range, 0.40-2.22 ml/min) and patients (range, 0.40-3.26 ml/min). Mean values of cough peak expiratory flow and of integrated abdominal electromyographic activity-related variables during coughing were also similar and corresponded to 80% of those recorded during maximum voluntary cough. Cough appearance was preceded by respiratory sensations and increases (P < 0.01) in ventilation in the control subjects but not in the patients.Children with CCHS have normal cough threshold and motor responses to fog inhalation. However, the lack of respiratory sensations and the likely related ventilatory changes typically elicited by tussigenic fog concentrations suggest a neural sensory deficit that may increase the risk of respiratory disease in these patients.
Book: Rosalyn Yalow, Nobel Laureate: Her Life and Work in Medicine
Authors: A. Berger
Journal: BMJ (2000)

Eugene Straus Perseus Books, £11, pp 277 ISBN 0 7382 0263 0 Rating: ![Graphic][1]</img>![Graphic][2]</img>![Graphic][3]</img> When I first opened Rosalyn Yalow, Nobel Laureate I took it into the bath, and then to bed. It's been a long time since I've found myself doing this with a book, since intimacy usually takes time to evolve. But this reading experience was different. If not love at first sight, it was certainly fascination. I had never heard of Yalow, but within a couple of pages I not only began to … [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif [2]: /embed/inline-graphic-2.gif [3]: /embed/inline-graphic-3.gif
International Encyclopedia of Psychiatry, Psychology, Psychoanalysis, and Neurology, Progress Volume 1
Authors: H. Keith Fischer
Journal: JAMA (1984)

The<i>Progress Volume 1</i>follows five years after the 12-volume encyclopedia. It is integrated with the former works through alphabetical titles and listings, major cross-reference topics and references, and name and subject indexes. More than 124 authors have contributed to the present volume, about 50% of these with PhDs, somewhat fewer with MDs. The multidisciplinary goal is kept in mind where appropriate. Because the reviewer took the title of the work<i>Progress Volume 1</i>to mean recent scientific advances since the previous volumes, it was perplexing to read in the preface that the previous reports "are as up-to-date as they were 5 years ago, and only certain limited areas required a new approach and a fresh appraisal." Furthermore, when four biographies of scientists who died in 1904,1914,1925, and 1928 are included as "progress," some explanation is necessary. In addition, the latest reference in one article was from 1959, in another
Xenoestrogen-Induced ERK-1 and ERK-2 Activation via Multiple Membrane-Initiated Signaling Pathways
Authors: Nataliya N. Bulayeva, Cheryl S. Watson
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2004)

Xenoestrogens can mimic or antagonize the activity of physiological estrogens, and the suggested mechanism of xenoestrogen action involves binding to estrogen receptors (ERs). However, the failure of various in vitro or in vivo assays to show strong genomic activity of xenoestrogens compared with estradiol (E2) makes it difficult to explain their ability to cause abnormalities in animal (and perhaps human) reproductive functions via this pathway of steroid action. E2 has also been shown to initiate rapid intracellular signaling, such as changes in levels of intracellular calcium, cAMP, and nitric oxide, and activations of a variety of kinases, via action at the membrane. In this study, we demonstrate that several xenoestrogens can rapidly activate extracellular-regulated kinases (ERKs) in the pituitary tumor cell line GH3/B6/F10, which expresses high levels of the membrane receptor for ER-alpha (mER). We tested a phytoestrogen (coumestrol), organochlorine pesticides or their metabolites (endosulfan, dieldrin, and DDE), and detergent by-products of plastics manufacturing (p-nonylphenol and bisphenol A). These xenoestrogens (except bisphenolA) produced rapid (3-30 min after application), concentration (10(-14)-10(-8) M)-dependent ERK-1/2 phosphorylation but with distinctly different activation patterns. To identify signaling pathways involved in ERK activation, we used specific inhibitors of ERs, epidermal growth factor receptors, Ca2+ signaling, Src and phosphoinositide-3 kinases, and a membrane structure disruption agent. Multiple inhibitors blocked ERK activation, suggesting simultaneous use of multiple pathways and complex signaling web interactions. However, inhibitors differentially affected each xenoestrogen response examined. These actions may help to explain the distinct abilities of xenoestrogens to disrupt reproductive functions at low concentrations.
Fludarabine and cyclophosphamide in combination with alemtuzumab in patients with primary high-risk, relapsed or refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: T Elter, R James, R Busch, D Winkler, M Ritgen, S Böttcher, C Kahl, W Gassmann, M Stauch, I Hasan, P Staib, K Fischer, A-M Fink, J Bahlo, A Bühler, H Döhner, C-M Wendtner, S Stilgenbauer, A Engert, M Hallek
Journal: Leukemia (2012)
Glucokinase Gene Variations in Japanese-Americans With a Family History of NIDDM
Authors: Lisa M Stone, Steven E Kahn, Samir S Deeb, Wilfred Y Fujimoto, Daniel Porte
Journal: Diabetes Care (1994)

OBJECTIVE To determine if sequence variants in the glucokinase (GCK) gene contribute to the high risk of impaired glucose metabolism in Japanese-Americans and whether the gene sequence differs between Japanese-Americans and Caucasians. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Forty-seven unrelated Japanese-Americans with one or more first-degree relatives with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) were selected, irrespective of glucose tolerance status. By World Health Organization criteria, 13 had normal glucose tolerance, 11 had impaired glucose tolerance, and 23 had NIDDM. Variations in the GCK gene were identified by single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis and sequenced using standard techniques. RESULTS Six variants of the GCK gene were identified in a total of 21 subjects: 1) a G→A substitution at nucleotide −30 in the β-cell-specific promoter; 2) an A→G substitution at nucleotide 244 in the 5'-untranslated region (5'-UTR) of exon 1a; 3) a C→G substitution at nucleotide 403 in the 5'-UTR of exon 1a; 4) a G→A variant 13 base pair (bp) 5' to the intron 3 exon 4 junction; 5) a silent substitution in the third base of codon 145 in exon 4; and 6) a C→T substitution 8 bp 3' to the exon 9 intron 9 junction. None of these variations would be expected to affect the structure of the GCK enzyme. While none of these variants were significantly associated with IGT or NIDDM, a nonsignificant increase in the β-cell promoter variant was observed in subjects with abnormal glucose tolerance. No uniform sequence differences in the GCK gene were identified between Japanese-American and Caucasian-American subjects. CONCLUSIONS Mutations affecting the amino acid sequence of GCK do not account for the increased incidence of impaired glucose metabolism in Japanese-Americans, and the gene sequence does not uniformly differ from that in Caucasians.
Waveforms are needed to interpret figures shown by pulse oximeters
Authors: T. Peck
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Intranasal corticosteroids in allergic rhinitis Paper did not include all data on adverse effectsEditor-Weiner et al conclude that "results from [their] systematic review, together with data on safety and cost effectiveness, support the use of intranasal corticosteroids over oral antihistamines as first line treatment for allergic rhinitis." 1 They also state that "intranasal corticosteroids are considered safe [and] studies have failed to show significant effects on serum markers of bone metabolism and short term bone growth," referring to two studies, those by Martinati et al and Wolthers et al.They make no reference to two more recent studies, both of a larger number of subjects over longer periods, which established a significant reduction in paediatric bone growth. 2 3The issue of adverse effects was also addressed in a report by the Committee on Safety of Medicines and Medicines Control Agency, which concluded that intranasal corticosteroids can cause "clinically important systemic adverse effects at licensed doses." 4 The United Kingdom datasheet for Beconase aqueous nasal spray (beclomethasone dipropionate) recognises the potential for children to develop growth retardation at licensed doses and the need to refer patients to paediatric specialists while they are being prescribed intranasal corticosteroids (Allen and Hanburys, Sept 1998).I question the omission of such key data from Weiner et al's systematic review; it may well tip the risk:benefit ratio away from the use of intranasal corticosteroids in children and, hence, affect the validity of the review's conclusions.
Dietary fat and risk of coronary heart disease in men: cohort follow up study in the United States
Authors: A. Ascherio, E. B Rimm, E. L Giovannucci, D. Spiegelman, M. Stampfer, W. C Willett
Journal: BMJ (1996)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective</b>: To examine the association between fat intake and the incidence of coronary heart disease in men of middle age and older. <b>Design</b>: Cohort questionnaire study of men followed up for six years from 1986. <b>Setting</b>: The health professionals follow up study in the United States. <b>Subjects</b>: 43 757 health professionals aged 40 to 75 years free of diagnosed cardiovascular disease or diabetes in 1986. <b>Main outcome measure</b>: Incidence of acute myocardial infarction or coronary death. <b>Results</b>: During follow up 734 coronary events were documented, including 505 non-fatal myocardial infarctions and 229 deaths. After age and several coronary risk factors were controlled for significant positive associations were observed between intake of saturated fat and risk of coronary disease. For men in the top versus the lowest fifth of saturated fat intake (median = 14.8% v 5.7% of energy) the multivariate relative risk for myocardial infarction was 1.22 (95% confidence interval 0.96 to 1.56) and for fatal coronary heart disease was 2.21 (1.38 to 3.54). After ajustment for intake of fibre the risks were 0.96 (0.73 to 1.27) and 1.72 (1.01 to 2.90), respectively. Positive associations between intake of cholesterol and risk of coronary heart disease were similarly attenuated after adjustment for fibre intake. Intake of linolenic acid was inversely associated with risk of myocardial infarction; this association became significant only after adjustment for non-dietary risk factors and was strengthened after adjustment for total fat intake (relative risk 0.41 for a 1% increase in energy, P for trend &lt;0.01). <b>Conclusions</b>: These data do not support the strong association between intake of saturated fat and risk of coronary heart disease suggested by international comparisons. They are compatible, however, with the hypotheses that saturated fat and cholesterol intakes affect the risk of coronary heart disease as predicted by their effects on blood cholesterol concentration. They also support a specific preventive effect of linolenic acid intake. <h3>Key messages</h3> Diets high in saturated fat and cholesterol are associated with an increased risk of coronary disease, but these adverse effects are at least in part explained by their low fibre content and associations with other risk factors Diets high in linolenic acid (N-3 fatty acid from plants) are associated with a reduced risk of coronary heart disease, independently of other dietary and non-dietary risk factors Uncertainty remains on the optimal amount of polyunsaturated fat in the diet for prevention of coronary heart disease Benefits of reducing intakes of saturated fat and cholesterol are likely to be modest unless accompanied by an increased consumption of foods rich in fibre
Building the Field of Health Policy and Systems Research: An Agenda for Action
Authors: Sara Bennett, Irene Akua Agyepong, Kabir Sheikh, Kara Hanson, Freddie Ssengooba, Lucy Gilson
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2011)

In the final article in a series addressing the current challenges and opportunities for the development of Health Policy and Systems Research (HPSR), Sara Bennett and colleagues lay out an agenda for action moving forward.
Psychiatric Emergency Commitments in Hawaii: Tests of Dangerousness
Authors: William J. Curran
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1978)

THE Federal District Court in Hawaii has provided another, very strict ruling on the constitutional requirements for involuntary hospitalization of mentally ill persons, this time regarding emergency commitments.1 In an earlier case in 1976 involving the same parties, Judge King had struck down the long-term-commitment provisions of the Hawaii program as violative of due process of law.2 Later in 1976, the Hawaii Legislature attempted to correct the law in accordance with the Court's opinion, especially in the area of emergency commitment. The Court had, in an unusual accommodation, retained jurisdiction of the matter over the months to await the amendments . . .
The targeted delivery of anticancer drugs to brain glioma by PEGylated oxidized multi-walled carbon nanotubes modified with angiopep-2
Authors: Jinfeng Ren, Shun Shen, Dangge Wang, Zhangjie Xi, Liangran Guo, Zhiqing Pang, Yong Qian, Xiyang Sun, Xinguo Jiang
Journal: Biomaterials (2012)
Democratic control is essential
Authors: Stephen Thornton
Journal: BMJ (2006)

If healthcare had been deemed too important to leave to the politicians, as advocated by Fiona Godlee,1 we would never have had a National Health Service. Its birth was a deeply controversial political act. Just because we happen to be living through a period of political consensus which believes that healthcare should be tax funded, free at the point of use, and available for all regardless of the ability to pay, it doesn't mean it was ever thus or will be in the future. A recent visit to the United States brought powerfully home to me what happens in a society where healthcare is not viewed as a right for all citizens. …
THE VAGINAL DOUCHE
Authors: SAMUEL R. MEAKER
Journal: JAMA (1926)

Since the time of Hippocrates, the vaginal douche has been a common item of pelvic therapeutics. It is extensively used by uninstructed women. It is prescribed by many physicians, though condemned by some. As a rule, however, neither patient nor physician has any clear idea of its proper uses and its limitations. While in selected cases douching accomplishes definite good, as actually practiced it is for the most part worthless, if not positively harmful. According to the results expected, there are three general types of douches. These are used for purposes of (1) simple cleansing, (2) local medication and (3) hydrotherapeusis. <h3>THE CLEANSING DOUCHE</h3> The cleansing douche is ordinarily a short douche, 1 or 2 quarts in volume. It is of indifferent temperature, cool or tepid. While some drug, most often a mild antiseptic, may be added to the douche water, the purpose of the douche is primarily a mechanical
Leadership for Primary Health Care: Levels, Functions, and Requirements Based on 12 Case Studies
Authors: Timothy D. Baker
Journal: JAMA (1987)

This 72-page monograph by two distinguished experts in international health addresses primary health care leadership. Primary health care is now the major program thrust of the World Health Organization, the sponsor and publisher of the monograph. The authors have attempted the difficult task of pulling together reports by a number of different authors from countries as varied as Somalia and France. Considering the differences among the countries on which the case studies are based and the varied backgrounds of the case-study authors (from historians to deputy directors of public health schools), it is surprising that Drs Flahault and Roemer were able to develop any valid generalizations about leadership for primary health care. The World Health Organization may do a great disservice to its member nations by operating as if the health problems and primary care programs in Liberia, Somalia, Papua New Guinea, and Bangladesh have relevance to the problems and
The Halo Apparatus and Static Electricity
Authors: Stuart R. Winston
Journal: JAMA (1978)

To the Editor.—  The halo apparatus was first used for immobilization of fractures of the cervical spine in 1959 by Perry and Nickel. 1 We have found it efficacious in the years we have been involved in its use, and we particularly are pleased with patient acceptance.  Since static electricity is with us most of the winter season, we would like to pass along a patient report warning that coming as close as a millimeter to the new flip-flash bulb units can set them off by the basketful; it's almost bionic!
Postresuscitation Left Ventricular Systolic and Diastolic Dysfunction
Authors: Karl B. Kern, Ronald W. Hilwig, Robert A. Berg, Kyoo H. Rhee, Arthur B. Sanders, Charles W. Otto, Gordon A. Ewy
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Background Global left ventricular dysfunction after successful resuscitation is well documented and appears to be a major contributing factor in limiting long-term survival after initial recovery from out-of-hospital sudden cardiac death. Treatment of such postresuscitation myocardial dysfunction has not been examined previously. Methods and Results Systolic and diastolic parameters of left ventricular function were measured in 27 swine before and after successful resuscitation from prolonged ventricular fibrillation cardiac arrest. Dobutamine infusions (10 μg·kg −1 ·min −1 in 14 animals or 5 μg·kg −1 ·min −1 in 5 animals) begun 15 minutes after resuscitation were compared with controls receiving no treatment (8 animals). The marked deterioration in systolic and diastolic left ventricular function seen in the control group after resuscitation was ameliorated in the dobutamine-treated animals. Left ventricular ejection fraction fell from a prearrest 58±3% to 25±3% at 5 hours after resuscitation in the control group but remained unchanged in the dobutamine (10 μg·kg −1 ·min −1 ) group (52±1% prearrest and 55±3% at 5 hours after resuscitation). Measurement of the constant of isovolumic relaxation of the left ventricle (τ) demonstrated a similar benefit of the dobutamine infusion for overcoming postresuscitation diastolic dysfunction. The τ rose in the controls from 28±1 milliseconds (ms) prearrest to 41±3 ms at 5 hours after resuscitation whereas it remained constant in the dobutamine-treated animals (31±1 ms prearrest and 31±5 ms at 5 hours after resuscitation). Conclusions Dobutamine begun within 15 minutes of successful resuscitation can successfully overcome the global systolic and diastolic left ventricular dysfunction resulting from prolonged cardiac arrest and cardiopulmonary resuscitation.
Infopoints: CyberTranscriber---the virtual medical secretary on your desk
Authors: A Depuyt
Journal: BMJ (2000)

Clinic letters and discharge summaries provide the fundamental link between hospitals and primary care. In 1997–8 there were 41.635 million outpatient visits to NHS hospitals in England,1 with each visit generating a typed letter. The widespread implementation of voice recognition systems should be considered as a response to the increasing typing load experienced by medical secretaries. However, currently available desktop systems require speech enrolment and considerable care to produce text with error rates of 3-5%.

CyberTranscriber2 is a convergent technology, which exploits the internet, speech recognition, and …
Telangiectasias of the Upper Gastrointestinal Tract
Authors: M. Sassaris, G. Pang, F. Hunter
Journal: Endoscopy (1983)

Telangiectasias of the upper gastrointestinal tract are probably being recognized more frequently now simply because of current high awareness of their existence. In six patients reported here, the condition was recognized in three because of recurrent upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage and in three during endoscopic evaluation for epigastric pain. Two of the six patients shared the features of gastric and/or duodenal telangiectasia, advanced age, and aortic valve disease. Two patients were treated with endoscopic coagulation, with no success in one. Laser, when available, may prove to be the most effective therapeutic tool for this entity.
Selected new developments in asbestos immunotoxicity.
Authors: G J Rosenthal, E Corsini, P Simeonova
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1998)

Research over the past three decades has shown that the mammalian immune system can be altered by the occupational exposure of asbestos. Early clinical studies generally focused on systemic observations of immune alteration such as the number and function of peripheral lymphocytes and monocytes. More recently as the regulatory influence of local immunity in health and disease becomes more defined, immunologic changes occurring in the lung, the primary target organ of asbestos, have been significant areas of investigation. This review will focus on recent studies that examine the influence of asbestos on pulmonary immunity as well as the role of host immune competence in asbestos-related disease.
Homologous muscle acellular matrix seeded with autologous myoblasts as a tissue-engineering approach to abdominal wall-defect repair
Authors: Maria Teresa Conconi, Paolo De Coppi, Silvia Bellini, Gabriella Zara, Morena Sabatti, Maurizio Marzaro, Giovanni Franco Zanon, Pier Giorgio Gamba, Pier Paolo Parnigotto, Gastone Giovanni Nussdorfer
Journal: Biomaterials (2004)
Swedish Interactive Thresholding Algorithm Fast for following visual fields in prepubertal idiopathic intracranial hypertension
Authors: Hadas Stiebel-Kalish, Moshe Lusky, Yiftah Yassur, Yuval Kalish, Avinoam Shuper, Rita Erlich, Sigal Lubman, Moshe Snir
Journal: Ophthalmology (2004)
Evaluation of primary intestinal lymphangiectasia by capsule endoscopy
Authors: O. Ersoy, E. Akin, A. Demirezer, E. Yilmaz, T. Solakoglu, C. Irkkan, O. Yurekli, S. Buyukasik
Journal: Endoscopy (2013)

Primary intestinal lymphangiectasia is a rare disease of the intestinal lymphatics, presenting with protein-losing enteropathy, hypoproteinemia, bilateral lower limb edema, and ascites [1] [2] [3] [4]. Here we report capsule endoscopic findings in a patient with primary intestinal lymphangiectasia.
Juniors call on consultants to reject new contract
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Junior doctors say they cannot support the proposed new consultant contract and have called for doctors' leaders to go back to the negotiating table.

At their annual conference in London last week, junior doctors admitted that some of aspects of the new contract signalled progress, but there were still many elements they were unhappy with.

Among their top grievances was an increase of consultant hours which offered them little reprieve from their junior hours. …