tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Adverse Reactions to Daily and Intermittent Rifampicin Regimens for Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Hong Kong
Authors: S. M. Aquinas, W. G. L. Allan, P. A. L. Horsfall, P. K. Jenkins, W. Hung-Yan, D. Girling, R. Tall, W. Fox
Journal: BMJ (1972)

This paper reports the nature, incidence, and severity of adverse reactions to regimens of rifampicin and ethambutol given once weekly, twice weekly, or daily and to a standard reserve regimen in a total of 330 Chinese failure patients who completed at least six months9 chemotherapy in a therapeutic comparison in Hong Kong. The adverse reactions which occurred on the regimens of intermittent rifampicin were termed cutaneous, abdominal, "flu", and respiratory; in addition, purpura and abnormal liver function tests were encountered. There was an association of adverse reactions with the interval between doses and with the dose size of rifampicin, the highest incidence occurring with once-weekly rifampicin in high dosage. A procedure was developed for managing adverse reactions to intermittent rifampicin. Of 202 patients treated with intermittent rifampicin 60 developed adverse reactions, but in only 7 (3%) was it necessary to terminate the drug, though a further 10 (5%) were changed to daily rifampicin. On daily rifampicin, generalized hypersensitivity, cutaneous reactions, (one with purpura), and impaired liver function were encountered. Adverse reactions on the standard ethionamide, pyrazinamide, and cycloserine regimen were frequent and some were serious.
Suspected testicular torsion: a survey of clinical practice in North West England
Authors: I Pearce, S Islam, I G McIntyre, K J O'Flynn
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2002)

Several aspects of the management of suspected testicular torsion are controversial. A questionnaire was mailed to all 33 consultant urologists in the North West region of England to elicit their policies for routine clinical management. 29 of 33 questionnaires were returned (2 incomplete). As regards radiological investigation, 4 consultants always request ultrasound examination; the others do not favour routine imaging. When the diagnosis of testicular torsion is confirmed at operation, all consultants would perform bilateral testicular fixation, although with considerable variations in technique; most use Vicryl sutures (66%) and three-point fixation (57%). One-third would do an ipsilateral orchidopexy if there was no clear evidence of testicular torsion at operation. The variation revealed by this survey prompted an attempt to formulate a protocol for management. A review of the published work indicates that, in cases of proven testicular torsion, treatment should include bilateral fixation with delayed-absorption or nonabsorbable sutures; fixation should be at three points. When torsion is not found at operation, there is no evidence of benefit from orchidopexy.
Pachydermo-periostosis (Idiopathic Osteoarthropathy)
Authors: J. H. Angel
Journal: BMJ (1957)

A number of cases of unilateral bat-ear deformity are described in which the renal tract on the same side as the abnormal ear was affected.This might be co- incidental.Congenital anomalies of the genito-urinary tract occur without associated defects of the ears.In this series this has been in the ratio of 3: 41.Deformity of the ears can occur without deformity of the genito-urinary tract.Appreciation must be expressed to good-humoured colleagues, secretaries, and clinical photographer Miss Stanley.Particular thanks are due to those allowing me to utilize their material and reports, particularly to the medical staff of the Liverpool Maternity Hospital; to Professor Capon, Drs.Rewell, Parry Jones, Adderley, and Jackson for necropsy reports; to Drs.Fawcitt, Livshin, Taylor, and Walton for radiological findings; to Mr. Grime for Cases 9 and 10; and to Professor W.
Drugs Five Years Later
Authors: CARL V. LEIER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1983)

Dobutamine is a synthetic catecholamine developed as a relatively selective positive inotropic drug for short-term parenteral administration. Dobutamine's effects are mediated by strong beta1 adrenergic receptor stimulation and mild stimulation of beta2 and alpha1 receptors. Dobutamine should be used to improve ventricular function and cardiac performance in patients in whom ventricular dysfunction has caused a reduced stroke volume and cardiac output, a mild to moderate drop in systemic blood pressure, diminished organ and tissue perfusion, and elevated ventricular filling pressures. When guidelines for patient selection and dosing are adhered to, ventricular dysfunction and cardiac decompensation secondary to atherosclerotic occlusive coronary artery disease can be improved without adversely affecting the myocardial oxygen supply and demand balance. Dobutamine has less vasopressor activity than norepinephrine and dopamine, and should not be the primary treatment in conditions characterized by marked hypotension and shock.
Diabetes in urban African-Americans. XV. Identification of barriers to provider adherence to management protocols.
Authors: I M el-Kebbi, D C Ziemer, D L Gallina, V Dunbar, L S Phillips
Journal: Diabetes Care (1999)

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether health care providers appropriately identify patients with poor glycemic control and to investigate reasons why providers may fail to intensify therapy in these patients. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Our management protocol calls for providers to advance diabetes therapy in patients with fasting plasma glucose levels &amp;gt; 7.8 mmol/l or random plasma glucose levels &amp;gt; 10.0 mmol/l. During a 3-month period, providers completed a questionnaire at the end of individual patient visits by asking whether the patient was well controlled and whether therapy was advanced. If therapy was not advanced in patients perceived to have poor control, providers were asked to provide a justification. RESULTS: Providers appropriately identified 88% of well-controlled patients and 94% of patients with poor glycemic control. Out of 1,144 patient visits, control was reported to be good in 508 and poor in 636. In these 636 visits, therapy was advanced in 490 but not in 146 visits. The dominant reasons for failure to intensify therapy were the perception by the provider that control was improving (34%) or the belief that the patient was not compliant with diet or medications (25%). Less common reasons included acute illness, patient refusal, and recurrent hypoglycemia. Based on fasting glucose levels, protocol adherence was 55% before the questionnaire, 64% during the questionnaire (P = 0.006), and 63% afterwards. CONCLUSIONS: Providers in a specialty diabetes clinic appropriately classified patients according to glycemic control and tended to intensify therapy when indicated in most poorly controlled patients. Provider self-survey of behavior and decision making may be an effective strategy to improve adherence to management protocols.
Rapid isolation, characterization, and glycan analysis of Cup a 1, the major all_ergen of Arizona cypress (<i>Cupressus arizonica</i>) pollen
Authors: C. Alisi, C. Afferni, P. Iacovacci, B. Barletta, R. Tinghino, C. Butteroni, E. M. R. Puggioni, I. B. H. Wilson, R. Federico, M. E. Schininà, R. Ariano, G. Di Felice, C. Pini
Journal: Allergy (2001)

A rapid method for the purification of the major 43-kDa allergen of Cupressus arizonica pollen, Cup a 1, was developed.The salient feature was a wash of the pollen in acidic buffer, followed by an extraction of the proteins and their purification by chromatography. Immunoblotting, ELISA, and lectin binding were tested on both the crude extract and the purified Cup a 1. Biochemical analyses were performed to assess the Cup a 1 isoelectric point, its partial amino-acid sequence, and its glycan composition.Immunochemical analysis of Cup a 1 confirmed that the allergenic reactivity is maintained after the purification process. Partial amino-acid sequencing indicated a high degree of homology between Cup a 1 and allergenic proteins from the Cupressaceae and Taxodiaceae families displaying a similar molecular mass. The purified protein shows one band with an isoelectric point of 5.2. Nineteen out of 33 sera (57%) from patients allergic to cypress demonstrated significant reactivity to purified Cup a 1. MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry indicated the presence of three N-linked oligosaccharide structures: GnGnXF(3) (i.e., a horseradish peroxidase-type oligosaccharide substituted with two nonreducing N-acetylglucosamine residues), GGnXF(3)/GnGXF(3) (i.e., GnGnXF with one nonreducing galactose residue), and (GF)GnXF(3)/Gn(GF)XF(3) (with a Lewisa epitope on one arm) in the molar ratio 67:8:23.The rapid purification process of Cup a 1 allowed some fine studies on its properties and structure, as well as the evaluation of its IgE reactivity in native conditions. The similarities of amino-acid sequences and some complex glycan stuctures could explain the high degree of cross-reactivity among the Cupressaceae and Taxodiaceae families.
The Flowering of Plastic Surgery
Authors: Bradford Cannon
Journal: JAMA (1990)

PLASTIC surgery, unlike most surgical specialties, has no anatomic or functional area to which it can lay claim; the plastic surgeon practices methods and techniques applicable to all specialties and anatomic areas. My first exposure to plastic surgery was as a medical student when I watched Varaztad H. Kazanjian, DMD, MD, reconstruct a nose with a forehead flap—the ancient Indian method. I was greatly intrigued. A decade later, I became his fast friend, admirer, and professional colleague, and, in 1941, succeeded him as chief of the Plastic Clinic at the Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), Boston. Having spent my childhood in Cambridge, Mass, and 8 years of higher education at Harvard University, Cambridge, it seemed appropriate that I go elsewhere for my postgraduate training. When the opportunity arose to intern at Barnes Hospital in St Louis, Mo, I chose to leave Boston. (There was no matching plan in those days.) Quite
Early childhood infectious diseases and the development of asthma up to school age: a birth cohort study
Authors: S. Illi
Journal: BMJ (2001)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective:</b> To investigate the association between early childhood infections and subsequent development of asthma. <b>Design:</b> Longitudinal birth cohort study. <b>Setting:</b> Five children9s hospitals in five German cities. <b>Participants:</b> 1314 children born in 1990 followed from birth to the age of 7 years. <b>Main outcome measures:</b> Asthma and asthmatic symptoms assessed longitudinally by parental questionnaires; atopic sensitisation assessed longitudinally by determination of IgE concentrations to various allergens; bronchial hyperreactivity assessed by bronchial histamine challenge at age 7 years. <b>Results:</b> Compared with children with 1 episode of runny nose before the age of 1 year, those with 2 episodes were less likely to have a doctor9s diagnosis of asthma at 7 years old (odds ratio 0.52 (95% confidence interval 0.29 to 0.92)) or to have wheeze at 7 years old (0.60 (0.38 to 0.94)), and were less likely to be atopic before the age of 5 years. Similarly, having 1 viral infection of the herpes type in the first 3 years of life was inversely associated with asthma at age 7 (odds ratio 0.48 (0.26 to 0.89)). Repeated lower respiratory tract infections in the first 3 years of life showed a positive association with wheeze up to the age of 7 years (odds ratio 3.37 (1.92 to 5.92) for 4 infections <i>v</i> 3 infections). <b>Conclusion:</b> Repeated viral infections other than lower respiratory tract infections early in life may reduce the risk of developing asthma up to school age.
Transfer factor for CO during exercise in children
Authors: S. D. Anderson, S. Godfrey
Journal: Thorax (1971)

The transfer factor of carbon monoxide (TL<sub>CO</sub>) has been measured in 40 normal schoolchildren by the steady state method during treadmill exercise. The fractional uptake of CO diminished with increasing oxygen consumption and the nett CO uptake was linearly correlated with oxygen consumption. The TL<sub>CO</sub> at two work levels was significantly correlated with height and increased moderately with increasing work. The highest values of TL<sub>CO</sub> during strenuous exercise were approximately three times those reported at rest.
A Cluster of Interferon-γ-Inducible p65 GTPases Plays a Critical Role in Host Defense against Toxoplasma gondii
Authors: Masahiro Yamamoto, Megumi Okuyama, Ji Su Ma, Taishi Kimura, Naganori Kamiyama, Hiroyuki Saiga, Jun Ohshima, Miwa Sasai, Hisako Kayama, Toru Okamoto, David C.S. Huang, Dominique Soldati-Favre, Kyoji Horie, Junji Takeda, Kiyoshi Takeda
Journal: Immunity (2012)
A Genome Screen for Quantitative Trait Loci Influencing Schizophrenia and Neurocognitive Phenotypes
Authors: Laura Almasy, Ruben C. Gur, Karin Haack, Shelley A. Cole, Monica E. Calkins, Juan Manuel Peralta, Elizabeth Hare, Konsale Prasad, Michael F. Pogue-Geile, Vishwajit Nimgaonkar, Raquel E. Gur
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2008)

Deficits in neurocognitive function have been demonstrated in individuals with schizophrenia and in the unaffected family members of these individuals. Genetic studies of such complementary traits, along with traditional analyses of diagnosis, may help to elucidate the biological pathways underlying familial liability to schizophrenia and related disorders. The authors conducted a multiplex, multigenerational family study using a genome-wide screen for schizophrenia and related neurocognitive phenotypes.Participants were 1) 676 European American individuals from 43 families, ascertained through an individual with schizophrenia, and 2) 236 healthy comparison subjects. Participants were evaluated clinically and examined through the use of a computerized neurocognitive test battery that provided measures of accuracy and speed on the cognitive domains of abstraction and mental flexibility; attention; verbal, face, and spatial memory; language and reasoning; spatial and emotion processing; and sensorimotor dexterity. A genome-wide linkage screen was also performed. Healthy comparison subjects were included in order to obtain normative phenotypic data but were not genotyped.Significant evidence for linkage of schizophrenia to chromosome 19q was observed. Analysis of cognitive traits revealed significant linkage to chromosome 5q for the domains of abstraction and mental flexibility. A variety of other neurocognitive traits also showed nominal evidence of linkage to the 5q region. Joint analyses with diagnosis suggested that this quantitative trait locus may also influence schizophrenia.Although chromosome 5 has been implicated in previous linkage studies of schizophrenia, the identification of the chromosome 19 quantitative trait locus is a novel finding. The identification of the chromosome 5 quantitative trait locus through linkage to neurocognitive phenotypes in the present study may inform functional hypotheses pertaining to how genotypes are connected to disease.
Optical profilometry: An objective method for quantification of facial wrinkles
Authors: Gary L. Grove, Mary J. Grove, James J. Leyden
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (1989)

Facial fine lines and wrinkles can be faithfully captured by silicone rubber impression materials. Computerized digital image processing of such specimens provides objective measurement of the skin's topography, which has a significant degree of correlation with clinical grading. Optical profilometry provides a dimension of objectivity that can complement clinical assessment in the study of agents that may be useful in the therapy of photodamaged skin.
Structure and Pancreatic Expression of the Insulin and Glucagon Genes*
Authors: JACQUES PHILIPPE
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (1991)

THE islets of Langerhans play a central role in the hormonal control of fuel metabolism and particularly of glucose homeostasis. Maintenance of a normal plasma glucose concentration during periods of food consumption and fasting requires a delicate balance between glucose production and utilization. Although control of glucose homeostasis implicates many hormonal, neural, and autoregulatory factors, insulin and glucagon, two secretory products of the islets, are the major determinants of this control. Insulin is secreted by the β-cells of the islets in response to nutrients to promote energy storage in target organs (liver, muscle, and adipose tissue); glucagon release by the a-cells is then inhibited. In the postabsorptive state, while insulin secretion falls, glucagon is stimulated and activates glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis; this reciprocal change in the plasma insulin-glucagon concentration ratio will favor energy store consumption. Biosynthesis and secretion of these two hormones must be tightly regulated to match fuel production and delivery to metabolic demands.
Dose-response to bronchodilator delivered by metered-dose inhaler in ventilator-supported patients.
Authors: R Dhand, A G Duarte, A Jubran, J W Jenne, J B Fink, P J Fahey, M J Tobin
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1996)

In nonintubated patients, metered-dose inhalers (MDIs) are accepted as the most convenient, efficient, and cost effective method of administering inhaled bronchodilators. Recent studies have demonstrated the efficacy of MDIs in ventilator-supported patients; however, the optimal dose of a bronchodilator from a MDI is unknown. We determined the response to increasing doses of albuterol administered by a MDI and cylindrical spacer to 12 mechanically ventilated patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Four, eight, and 16 puffs of albuterol were given at 15-min intervals. Rapid airway occlusion were performed before and at 5-min intervals after albuterol for 80 min. Respiratory mechanics were also measured for 60 min in another group of seven patients with COPD who received four puffs of albuterol. Significant decrease in airways resistance occurred after administration of albuterol (p < 0.001). The decrease in airway resistance with four puffs of albuterol was comparable to that observed with cumulative doses of 12 puffs (p = 0.12) and 28 puffs (p = 0.25). Heart rate increased significantly (p < 0.01) after a cumulative dose of 28 puffs. The decrease in airway resistance was sustained for 60 min in the group that received only four puffs of albuterol (p < 0.003). In conclusion, four puffs of albuterol given by a MDI and spacer provided the best combination of bronchodilator effect and safety in stable mechanically ventilated patients with COPD.
Abstract 4473: PF-04691502, a potent and selective mTOR/PI3K dual inhibitor, demonstrates <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> antitumor activity in non-small cell lung carcinoma cells
Authors: Pramod P. Mehta, Marlena Walls, Sangita M. Baxi, Chunze Li, Minerva Batugo, Shubha Bagrodia, Hengmiao Cheng, Mattew A. Marx, Min-Jean Yin
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway plays a critical role in the regulation of cell growth, proliferation and survival in cancer. In non-small cell lung carcinomas cells (NSCLCs), the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway is frequently activated through either the amplification/mutation of PIK3CA (which encodes the p110α subunit of PI3K), or the functional loss of phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN). In addition, the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway plays a critical role downstream of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in a defined NSCLC population; in particular, those harboring the EGFR mutations. Dual inhibition of PI3K and mTOR therefore represents a high therapeutic value for NSCLC patients. PF-04691502 is a dual-specificity inhibitor of PI3K and mTOR which shows potent and selective activity in biochemical, cell, and animal studies. In this study, we show PF-04691502 inhibits phosphorylation of AKT (at both S473 and T308) and S6 ribosomal protein (S6RP) in a variety of NSCLC lines harboring a PIK3CA mutation or EGFR mutation, subsequently resulting in anti-proliferative activity in the NSCLC lines. Furthermore, we demonstrate that PF-04691502 is capable of inducing tumor growth inhibition in four NSCLC xenograft models including an Erlotinib resistant line, NCI-H1975. In these murine xenograft models, decreased phosphorylation of AKT, p70S6K, and S6RP was observed in treated tumors in a manner consistent with the drug levels achieved. Therefore, PF-04691502 exhibits potent inhibition in the PI3K/mTOR axis and leads to both in vitro and in vivo anti-tumor activity in NSCLCs. Moreover, our data suggests that PF-04691502 may have clinical benefit to NSCLC patients including those found to be resistant to Erlotinib treatment. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4473.
DIFFERENTIAL CORONARY REMODELING AND PLAQUE COMPOSITION PATTERNS MANIFEST IN DIABETIC VS. NON DIABETIC CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE: INSIGHTS FROM PRE-PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION IN VIVO COMPOSITIONAL ANALYSIS USING INTRAVASCULAR ULTRASOUND VIRTUAL HISTOLOGY
Authors: Mark Gajjar, Vikrant Jagadeesan, Linda Lee, Sandeep Nathan
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
On the QUANTITATIVE ESTIMATION of CHLOROFORM in ANIMAL TISSUES
Authors: A. D. Waller
Journal: BMJ (1901)

TBM= 1i859predecessors with the orang have well pointed out, namely, the greater integration of localised representation of move- ments in the anthropoid as compared with the lower ape.Thus there is not one of the fingers that we have not seen move separately and alone under excitation of certain points of the cortex: again isolated movement of the pinna of the ear, of the tip of the tongue, rare in the lower monkeys are easily obtainable in the anthropoid.Finally, one word with regard to the extent of the so-called motor area.From our observations we think it proba- ble that perhaps as much of that area lies hidden from the surface in the sulci as actually lies at the free sur- face on the convolutions.Nevertheless, we endorse the opinion expressed by Beevor and Horsley that the so- -called motor area in the anthropoid brain forms altogether a smaller fraction of the total surface than is found in the lower types of monkey.If it has grown in extent-as undoubtedly it seems to have done-other regions belonging to that so-called inexcitable field whence electric stimulation excites no obvious response have increased still more.It is especially with the exploration of that great inexcitable field that the progress of research has to deal.We cannot help thinking that this progress will have to look for means to the patient combination of clinical and microscopical research rather than to the excitation experiments of the labora- tory.We would call your attention to the fact that the re-