tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract P157: Serum Vitamin D is Not Associated With Risk of Incident Diabetes in African Americans: The Jackson Heart Study
Authors: Jane L Harman, Haiying Chen, Michael C Sachs, Kristin G Hairston, Sherita H Golden, Joshua J Joseph, Alain G Bertoni
Journal: Circulation (2015)

A recent meta-analysis of cohort studies with participants primarily of European ancestry, concluded that the risk of incident diabetes was inversely proportional to serum 25-hydroxy-vitamin D levels (25-OH-D). African Americans have lower levels of vitamin D than European Americans. But, lower levels of vitamin D do not seem to carry the same risk for low bone density or vascular calcification for African Americans. We sought to test the hypothesis that low vitamin D elevates the risk of diabetes in African Americans. During 2001-5, 5301 African American adults in Jackson, MS, were examined and blood samples drawn; mean age was 55±13. Serum 25-OH-D2 and 25-OH-D3 were measured from stored frozen serum; mean total 25-OH-D (25-OH-D2 plus 25-OH-D3) =14.5±6.7ng/ml. A seasonal pattern was evident for 25-OH-D3 but not for 25-OH-D2 levels. A cosinor model adjusted for seasonality of 25-OH-D3; mean annualized concentrations and seasonal amplitude were significantly higher for men and for persons of normal BMI compared to overweight or obese persons. Total 25-OH-D, as the sum of predicted annualized mean 25-OH-D3 and measured 25-OH-D2, was used in subsequent analysis. The analysis evaluated 3363 participants after exclusions for missing serum vitamin D (n=141), prevalent diabetes (n=1152), incomplete ascertainment of diabetes (n=62), or no follow-up (n=725). During a mean follow-up of 7.1 years, there were 584 new cases of diabetes. Using a Cox Proportional Hazards model controlling for age and sex, the risk of incident diabetes was significantly and inversely associated with total serum 25-OH-D; after adding BMI to the model, 25-OH-D was not significantly associated with risk of diabetes (Table 1). Physical activity, smoking, and alcohol use did not predict incident diabetes in any model. In conclusion, we found that in this cohort of African-Americans, with low mean 25-OH-D and a relatively narrow range of 25-OH-D, the risk of incident diabetes was not associated with serum 25-OH-D levels after controlling for sex, age, and BMI.
Tobacco smoking and intellectual functions among teenagers
Authors: Anna Sokalska, Piotr Szczesny, Pawel Holas, Joanna Domagala Kulawik
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

The effects of smoking on the central nervous system are still not explored. Carbon monoxide(CO)-tobacco smoke component, is known to disturb neurogenesis during interuteral development. This however did not lead to further studies assessing the influence of smoking on the functions of rapidly developing nervous system of teenagers. This group specifies in comprehensive brain development and it is expected to present effectiveness in intellectual effort.

The aim of the study was to confirm the influence of smoking-related CO on the intense brain activity among teenagers of Warsaw collaborated to exposition to CO descended from tobacco smoke.

Beck Depression Inventory(BDI), the psychometric tests: Number Connection Test (NCT)A and B (experience usage, problem solving, short and long-term memory), D2 Test, measurement of CO expiratory concentration using Smokelyzer®. The assessed group was consisted of two ranges: 13-16 years old and 17-19 years old teenagers.

Medium CO concentration was higher in the older group. The passive smokers quit the addiction less frequently. Those smoking were presenting more frequent respiratory infection. Among smokers more participants shown mild mood disturbances (11-16 points in BDI) and higher predisposition to severe depression (31-40 points). Significantly worse results of NCT-A and B were provided by students with higher CO concentration in the expiratory flow. Passive smokers presented worse NCT-A score.

The study showed that measurement of CO concentration can reflect intellectual function. Stunning fact is large number of students diagnosed with high CO level during the busiest hours at school which influences negatively the intellectual effort. Our team is continuing the observations.
Proposed Rules for Improving Health Care Access and Equity
Authors: Julie A. Jacob
Journal: JAMA (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Is There a Cancer-Prone Personality?
Authors: D. K. Wellisch, J. Yager
Journal: CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians (1983)

ducing processes probably need to be present for many years prior to the clinical appearance of disease, while cancer-pro moting processes that may facilitate its growth and spread, once initiated, might well be more recent events.Cancer-prone may refer to either cancer-inducing or can cer-promoting factors, yet few studies specify what they mean in this regard.Currently, no good hypotheses exist that specify which personality factors might lead to cancer for what specific reasons.That is, although certain types of person alities have been described as possibly leading to cancer, the internal mechanisms by which such relationships might operate are at best obscure and nonspecific.Although there are several so-called black boxes (for example, the immune and hormonal systems) that are currently dis cussed as the most likely sites for mech anisms of action, there is little precise information on how all this supposedly works.In theory, personality factors and stress issues might operate through exter nal carcinogenic behaviors (e.g., smoking and occupational choice) as well as through changes in the internal milieu.Once such behaviors are excluded, however, few purely personality or stress factors remain to predict further increased cancer risk.Hypotheses mean little until they can pre dict (even if only with statistical accuracy from groups) who will and who will not Methodology and TheoryThe detection of cancer-prone personali ties, if there are such people, would be of prime importance from the point of inter vention and of great interest for psycho somatic theory.Unfortunately, available evidence does not support the concept and is at best inconclusive.The major critical paper by Fox' should be required reading for all serious students of this question.Research in this area is bedeviled by many theoretical and methodological prob lems.To start, one must consider what is meant by cancer-prone.Cancer causation can operate through carcinogenesis, that is, through factors such as radiation that contribute by induction to the initial ap pearance of cancer, or through cancer pro motion by way of factors that lower resistance to cancer, such as certain hor mones or immunosuppression.Cancer-in
Genetic background of Escherichia coli isolates from patients with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis: relationship with host factors and prognosis
Authors: F. Bert, X. Panhard, J. Johnson, H. Lecuyer, R. Moreau, J. Le Grand, B. Johnston, M. Sinègre, D. Valla, M.-H. Nicolas-Chanoine
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2008)
Spontaneous In Vitro Transformation of Human Fibroblasts&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: B Mukherji, T J MacAlister, A Guha, C G Gillies, D C Jeffers, S K Slocum
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1984)

The establishment of a spontaneously transformed tumorigenic human fibroblast line, VIP-F:T, is described. This line was developed from a primary culture of normal skin from a donor from whom a separate nontransformed fibroblast line, Pen-F2, also was established. The transformed line VIP-F:T exhibited aneuploid karyotype with a marker chromosome, showed anchorage-independent growth, and produced progressively growing tumors with morphologic characteristics of sarcoma in CD-1 (nu/nu) nude mice. The normal fibroblast line Pen-F2 exhibited diploid karyotype, showed no anchorage-independent growth, and produced no tumors in the nude mice. The spontaneously transformed fibroblast line VIP-F:T and its normal counterpart Pen-F2 will be valuable in studies of oncogene expression and in other investigations relevant to neoplasia.
Role of Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases in Activation of Human Neutrophils by Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibodies
Authors: RALPH KETTRITZ, ADRIAN SCHREIBER, FRIEDRICH C. LUFT, HERMANN HALLER
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2001)

Abstract. Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) may be important in the pathophysiology of necrotizing vasculitis. ANCA activate human neutrophils primed with tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in vitro . TNF-α priming results in translocation of ANCA antigens to the cell surface, where they are recognized by the antibodies. The signaling mechanisms involved in TNF-α priming and subsequent ANCA-induced activation were investigated. TNF-α-primed neutrophils were stimulated with monoclonal antibodies (MAb) to human myeloperoxidase (MPO) and proteinase 3 (PR3), and with preparations of human ANCA (three patients with PR3-ANCA and two patients with MPO-ANCA). Respiratory burst was measured with superoxide dismutase-inhibitable ferricytochrome C reduction and using dihydro-rhodamine-1,2,3. Phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38-MAPK) and the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) were assessed by immunoblotting. ANCA-antigen translocation was studied by flow cytometry. The tyrosine phosphorylation inhibitor genistein, but not calphostin or staurosporin, resulted in a significant dose-dependent superoxide generation inhibition (11.6 ± 1.7 nmol to 2.1 ± 0.5 for PR3-ANCA, and 16.0 ± 2.8 to 3.3 ± 1.3 for MPO-ANCA). The p38-MAPK inhibitor (SB202190) and the ERK inhibitor (PD98059) diminished PR3-ANCA-mediated superoxide production dose dependently (11.6 ± 1.7 nmol O 2 - to 1.9 ± 0.6 with 50 μM SB202190 and 4.0 ± 0.6 with 50 μM PD098059, respectively). For MPO-ANCA, the results were similar (16.0 ± 2.8 nmol to 0.9 ± 1.0 nmol with SB202190 and 6.4 ± 2.4 nmol with PD98059, respectively). Western blot showed phosphorylation of both p38-MAPK and ERK during TNF-α priming. The p38-MAPK inhibitor and the ERK inhibitor showed the strongest effect on respiratory burst when added before TNF-α priming, further supporting an important role for both signaling pathways in the priming process. Flow cytometry showed that p38-MAPK inhibition decreased the translocation of PR3 (by 93 ± 2%) and of MPO (by 64 ± 2%). In contrast, no such effect was seen when ERK was inhibited. Thus, p38-MAPK and ERK are important for the TNF-α-mediated priming of neutrophils enabling subsequent ANCA-induced respiratory burst. However, both pathways show differential effects, whereby p38-MAPK controls the translocation of ANCA antigens to the cell surface.
Glomangiosarcoma of the hip: report of a highly aggressive tumour with widespread distant metastases
Authors: None Watanabe, None Sugino, None Saito, None Kusakabe, None Suzuki
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1998)

Malignant glomus tumour is an extremely rare neoplasm, and only a few cases with local invasive or aggressive features have been described to date. We present a distinctive case of a malignant glomus tumour arising on the skin of the left hip of a 47‐year‐old woman. The primary tumour was small, with a maximum diameter of 1 cm, but 2 years after the tumour was excised, multiple lung and skin metastases appeared. Post‐mortem examination also revealed widespread metastases in almost all of the visceral organs. Histological examination showed that the primary tumour was composed of a sheet‐like proliferation of epithelioid round or short spindle cells surrounding small venules. In addition, there was a proliferation of long spindle cells with eosinophilic fibrillary cytoplasm, which mimicked a leiomyosarcoma. The tumour cells were intensely immunopositive for actin and vimentin but were negative for desmin. This is an exceptional case of malignant glomangiomyoma with widespread metastases, which represents a distinct variant of de novo glomangiosarcoma.
The Emerging Use of IMRT for Treatment of Cervical Cancer
Authors: Christopher Loiselle, Wui-Jin Koh
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2010)

Radiation therapy plays an important role in both the definitive and adjuvant treatment of patients with cervical cancer. However, although radiation therapy is effective in controlling tumor growth, associated acute and chronic adverse effects are well known. Intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) is increasingly being used to treat cervical cancer and has the potential to improve the therapeutic ratio because of its ability to escalate dose to cancer targets while sparing adjacent healthy tissue. Multiple dosimetric studies were initially performed, establishing the conceptual feasibility of IMRT in patients with cervical cancer. Subsequent early reported series of patients treated with IMRT showed dosimetric and clinical benefits, with reduction in acute gastrointestinal and hematologic toxicity compared with historic controls, particularly in the posthysterectomy setting. Consensus is evolving regarding the use of IMRT in treating cervical cancer, particularly in the posthysterectomy setting, and for dose escalation to para-aortic nodes and bulky sidewall disease. Target delineation in the context of internal organ motion and tumor shrinkage during a course of fractionated external-beam radiotherapy remains an area of active investigation. IMRT in treating cervical cancer in the setting of an intact uterus remains in its nascent stage and should be used judiciously only within clinical trials. Although not a routine substitute for brachytherapy, it may be considered as a boost for highly selected patients who are not brachytherapy candidates.
Functional Capacity of Bone Marrow Modified by Contact With Antigenic Substances
Authors: Delta E. Uphoff, Laurence R. Draper
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1971)

Journal Article Functional Capacity of Bone Marrow Modified by Contact With Antigenic Substances Get access Delta E. Uphoff, Delta E. Uphoff Laboratory of Physiology, National Cancer Institute3, Bethesda, Maryland 20014 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Laurence R. Draper Laurence R. Draper Laboratory of Physiology, National Cancer Institute3, Bethesda, Maryland 20014 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 47, Issue 6, December 1971, Pages 1233–1240, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/47.6.1233 Published: 01 December 1971 Article history Received: 22 March 1971 Accepted: 27 August 1971 Published: 01 December 1971
Is Follow up of Patients after Surgery for Breast Cancer Worthwhile?
Authors: M C Ormiston, A G Timoney, A R Qureshi
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (1985)

The effectiveness of routine outpatient follow up in detecting recurrent disease after 'curative' surgery for breast cancer has been evaluated in a retrospective study of 148 patients. In all, 32 patients developed recurrent cancer. In 3 cases, asymptomatic disease was discovered by routine X-rays. In 25 cases, the patient noticed local disease or complained of symptoms due to distant spread, and over half of these returned to the clinic before the next routine appointment. In only 4 cases was routine examination by a doctor solely responsible for the discovery of recurrent disease. It is concluded that routine follow up made little contribution to the welfare of these patients.
Activation Status of the Pregnane X Receptor Influences Vemurafenib Availability in Humanized Mouse Models
Authors: A. Kenneth MacLeod, Lesley A. McLaughlin, Colin J. Henderson, C. Roland Wolf
Journal: Cancer Research (2015)

Vemurafenib is a revolutionary treatment for melanoma, but the magnitude of therapeutic response is highly variable, and the rapid acquisition of resistance is frequent. Here, we examine how vemurafenib disposition, particularly through cytochrome P450-mediated oxidation pathways, could potentially influence these outcomes using a panel of knockout and transgenic humanized mouse models. We identified CYP3A4 as the major enzyme involved in the metabolism of vemurafenib in in vitro assays with human liver microsomes. However, mice expressing human CYP3A4 did not process vemurafenib to a greater extent than CYP3A4-null animals, suggesting that other pregnane X receptor (PXR)-regulated pathways may contribute more significantly to vemurafenib metabolism in vivo. Activation of PXR, but not of the closely related constitutive androstane receptor, profoundly reduced circulating levels of vemurafenib in humanized mice. This effect was independent of CYP3A4 and was negated by cotreatment with the drug efflux transporter inhibitor elacridar. Finally, vemurafenib strongly induced PXR activity in vitro, but only weakly induced PXR in vivo. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that vemurafenib is unlikely to exhibit a clinically significant interaction with CYP3A4, but that modulation of bioavailability through PXR-mediated regulation of drug transporters (e.g., by other drugs) has the potential to markedly influence systemic exposure and thereby therapeutic outcomes.
Cardiotoxicity of high-dose continuous infusion fluorouracil: a prospective clinical study.
Authors: M de Forni, M C Malet-Martino, P Jaillais, R E Shubinski, J M Bachaud, L Lemaire, P Canal, C Chevreau, D Carrié, P Soulié
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1992)

A prospective clinical study was performed to determine the incidence of high-dose continuous intravenous infusion fluorouracil (5FU-CIV) cardiotoxicity.Three hundred sixty-seven patients who were given first-cycle high-dose 5FU-CIV were monitored for cardiac function by clinical examination, ECG, and laboratory tests. 5FU-CIV was administered during a 96- or 120-hour period at doses that ranged from 600 to 1,000 mg/m2/d. Associated drugs included cisplatin (56%), mitomycin (12.5%), folinic acid (leucovorin) (7%), and others (14%). Thirty-nine patients (10.5%) received 5FU as a single agent.5FU-induced cardiac events occurred in 28 patients (7.6%; 95% confidence interval, 4.9% to 10.3%). Nine of them had a history of cardiac disease. Primary tumors included head and neck (n = 13), gastrointestinal (n = 6), breast (n = 3), and others (n = 6). The mean onset time of cardiac symptoms was 3 days (range, 2 to 5). Inaugural symptoms included angina pectoris (n = 18), hypotension (n = 6), hypertension (n = 5), malaise (n = 4), dyspnea (n = 2), arrhythmia (n = 1), or sudden death (n = 1). At 5FU discontinuation, six patients' cardiac symptoms returned to baseline, but 21 patients experienced unstable angina (n = 8), hypotension/cardiovascular collapse (n = 11), pulmonary edema (n = 1), or sudden death (n = 4). The lethality rate was 2.2% (five sudden deaths plus three irreversible collapses). ECG showed repolarization changes (ST segment deviation; T-wave inversion) in 65% and/or diffuse microvoltage in 22% of the patients who presented with cardiac events. Echocardiography showed partial or global hypokinesia in nine of the 16 patients who were examined, and one case of prolonged akinesia. Cardiac enzymes rarely showed an increase (n = 2). In severe but reversible cases, clinical, ECG, and echographic parameters returned to baseline status within 48 hours after the drug discontinuation. A fluorine 19 nuclear magnetic resonance (19F NMR) analysis of urine was performed on 14 patients; six had cardiac symptoms and eight did not. Fluoroacetate (FAC), a known cardiotoxic compound, was detected in all cases.In our study, the incidence of high-dose 5FU-CVI cardiotoxicity was 7.6%. The hypothesis of a toxic cardiomyopathic process requires further confirmation.
Histopaihology and Transplaniability of Polyoma-Induced Tumors in Strain A/Sn and Three Coisogenic Resistant (IR) Substrains&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn1"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: H. O. Sjögren, N. Ringertz
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1962)

Tumors were induced in newborn mice of the inbred A/Sn strain and its coisogenic sublines A.BY, A.CA, and A.SW by inoculation with 4 different Polyomavirus preparations. The frequency of tumor-positive animals was 53 percent. Bone tumors were most frequent (35%) and there was a considerable number of soft-tissue tumors (22%) and thymomas (15%). In contrast to all previously tested mouse strains, the relative frequency of parotid tumors was low in the genotypes used (5%) and could be identified only on microscopical examination. The tumors were examined histologically. Two lesions not previously observed in polyoma-infected mice are reported: a thymic lesion characterized as strong hyperplasia and a widespread low-grade fibrosarcoma in the subcutaneous connective tissue. Twelve polyoma-induced tumor types were tested for transplant-ability by cell suspensions grafted to isologous recipients. All types except one were transplantable, though to a different extent. Altogether 44 of 61 first-transfer grafts were successful.