tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Regional Differences in Right Ventricular Systolic Function by Acoustic Quantification Echocardiography and Cine Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Tal Geva, Andrew J. Powell, Elizabeth C. Crawford, Taylor Chung, Steven D. Colan
Journal: Circulation (1998)

Accurate quantitative evaluation of right ventricular (RV) function has been limited by its complex structural geometry. Although embryological and anatomic observations suggest that the RV is composed of 2 distinct components, the RV sinus and infundibulum, most studies on RV dimensions and function viewed it as a single chamber. This study was designed to determine the volumes, relative contribution to global systolic function, and temporal course of contraction and relaxation of the RV sinus and infundibulum.Thirty-one individuals without heart disease (aged 1 month to 17 years, 16 boys and 15 girls) participated in this study. Instantaneous area over time, its derivatives, and the temporal course of contraction and relaxation were studied by acoustic quantification echocardiography and phonocardiography in 20 individuals. Global and regional RV volumes and ejection fraction were determined by cine MRI in 11 individuals. The RV sinus made up 81+/-6% of the combined RV end-diastolic volume and 87+/-4% of the combined stroke volume. The infundibulum accounted for the remaining 19+/-6% and 13+/-4%, respectively (P<0.0001). Compared with the infundibulum, the extent of RV sinus fiber shortening was significantly greater: for ejection fraction (56+/-11% versus 38+/-13%, P<0.001), fractional area change (42+/-14% versus 28+/-9%, P<0.0001), and dA/dt (27+/-17% versus 13+/-6%, P<0.0001). Analysis of temporal course of contraction and relaxation (expressed as percentage of the cardiac cycle to adjust for differences in heart rate) showed that the infundibulum follows the RV sinus: onset of contraction 53%+/-14 versus 19+/-11% of systole, time to peak systole 115+/-16% versus 97+/-19% (P< or =0.01), indicating a peristalsis-like pattern of contraction and relaxation.The results of this study demonstrate significant regional differences between the sinus and infundibulum components of the RV with regard to contribution to stroke volume, extent of fiber shortening, and sequence of mechanical activation. These data from normal individuals can be used in future research on RV function in pathological conditions.
Record number of people cured of tuberculosis in 2008
Authors: J. Zarocostas
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Latest data show that a total of 2.3 million people worldwide were cured of tuberculosis in 2008, giving a treatment success rate of 87% and exceeding for the first time the 85% target set by the World Health Organization in 1991.

The new data also estimate that over the past 15 years 36 million people have been cured of tuberculosis through the WHO’s Stop TB Strategy. (DOTS), said Paul Nunn, WHO coordinator TB/HIV and drug resistance. A total of 53 countries surpassed the 85% treatment target.

DOTS was first developed in …
Promotion of “Low T” and the Role of Testosterone Clinical Trials
Authors: C. Mary Schooling, Gabriel M. Leung, Lin Xu
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
PROGNOSTIC SIGNIFICANCE OF ABNORMAL ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHIC CHANGES DURING REGADENOSON STRESS TESTING IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING MYOCARDIAL PERFUSION IMAGING
Authors: David Kim, Gauravkumar Patel, Ashwin Shinde, Abid Fakhri, Diane Thompson, Indu Poornima
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
The Nonskeletal Effects of Vitamin D: An Endocrine Society Scientific Statement
Authors: Clifford J. Rosen, John S. Adams, Daniel D. Bikle, Dennis M. Black, Marie B. Demay, JoAnn E. Manson, M. Hassan Murad, Christopher S. Kovacs
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (2012)

Significant controversy has emerged over the last decade concerning the effects of vitamin D on skeletal and nonskeletal tissues. The demonstration that the vitamin D receptor is expressed in virtually all cells of the body and the growing body of observational data supporting a relationship of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D to chronic metabolic, cardiovascular, and neoplastic diseases have led to widespread utilization of vitamin D supplementation for the prevention and treatment of numerous disorders. In this paper, we review both the basic and clinical aspects of vitamin D in relation to nonskeletal organ systems. We begin by focusing on the molecular aspects of vitamin D, primarily by examining the structure and function of the vitamin D receptor. This is followed by a systematic review according to tissue type of the inherent biological plausibility, the strength of the observational data, and the levels of evidence that support or refute an association between vitamin D levels or supplementation and maternal/child health as well as various disease states. Although observational studies support a strong case for an association between vitamin D and musculoskeletal, cardiovascular, neoplastic, and metabolic disorders, there remains a paucity of large-scale and long-term randomized clinical trials. Thus, at this time, more studies are needed to definitively conclude that vitamin D can offer preventive and therapeutic benefits across a wide range of physiological states and chronic nonskeletal disorders.
Proximal Myopathy Caused by latrogenic Phosphate Depletion
Authors: Mordchai Ravid
Journal: JAMA (1976)

Severe proximal myopathy associated with hypophosphatemia developed in three patients with chronic renal failure who had been treated with aluminum hydroxide gel. The syndrome was characterized by severe pain, muscular stiffness, and weakness. The illness was originally misdiagnosed both as uremic myopathy and as an exacerbation of rheumatoid arthritis. In one patient, the correct diagnosis was made when symptomatic relief corresponded to the rise of serum phosphate levels. Discontinuation of antacid therapy was followed by gradual recovery. Oral sodium phosphate brought prompt alleviation of muscular pain and stiffness.
Clinico-Pathological and Biological Significance of Tyrosine Kinase Domain Gene Mutations and Overexpression of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor for Lung Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Kouki Ohtsuka, Hiroaki Ohnishi, Go Furuyashiki, Hiroshi Nogami, Yoshihiko Koshiishi, Akiko Ooide, Satsuki Matsushima, Takashi Watanabe, Tomoyuki Goya
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2006)
Activation of kinin B<sub>1</sub>receptor triggers differentiation of cultured human keratinocytes
Authors: C.E. Matus, P. Ehrenfeld, F. Pavicic, J.M. Sarmiento, A. Astroza, T. Sanchez, C. Salem, M. Concha, M.A. Vidal, C.B. Gonzalez, C.D. Figueroa
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2008)

Keratinocyte life span is modulated by receptors that control proliferation and differentiation, key processes during cutaneous tissue repair. The kinin B(1) receptor (B(1)R) has been reported in normal and pathological human skin, but so far there is no information about its role in keratinocyte biology.To determine the consequence of kinin B(1)R stimulation on tyrosine phosphorylation, a key signalling mechanism involved in keratinocyte proliferation and differentiation.Subconfluent primary cultures of human keratinocytes were used to investigate tyrosine phosphorylation, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) transactivation, cell proliferation and keratinocyte differentiation. Cell proliferation was assessed by measuring bromodeoxyuridine incorporation whereas assessment of cell differentiation was based on the expression of filaggrin, cytokeratin 10 (CK10) and involucrin.The major proteins phosphorylated, after B(1)R stimulation, were of molecular mass 170, 125, 89 and 70 kDa. The 170- and 125-kDa proteins were identified as EGFR and p125(FAK), respectively. Phosphorylation was greatly reduced by GF109203X and by overexposure of keratinocytes to phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, indicating the participation of protein kinase C. B(1)R stimulation did not increase [Ca(2+)]i, but triggered EGFR transactivation, an event that involved phosphorylation of Tyr(845), Tyr(992) and Tyr(1068) of EGFR. B(1)R stimulation did not elicit keratinocyte proliferation, but triggered cell differentiation, visualized as an increase of filaggrin, CK10 and involucrin. Blockade of EGFR tyrosine kinase by AG1478, before B(1)R stimulation, produced an additional increase in filaggrin expression.The kinin B(1)R may contribute to keratinocyte differentiation and migration by triggering specific tyrosine signalling pathways or by interacting with the ErbB receptor family.
Laparoscopic Diagnosis of Mesenteric Venous Thrombosis
Authors: R. F. Serreyn, P. R. Schoofs, P. R. Baetens, D. Vandekerckhove
Journal: Endoscopy (1986)

Diagnosis of mesenteric venous thrombosis is almost always delayed, due to the aspecificity of the complaints and the clinical findings, as well as the laboratory investigations. Earlier diagnosis is essential to improve the present grim mortality rate. We report a case of mesenteric venous thrombosis in a 25-year-old female. Early diagnosis was made by gynecological laparoscopy. After resection and anastomosis, the outcome was uneventful.
P1-261: Resource utilization and therapy costs for patients with advanced stage IIIB/IV non-small cell lung cancer. Retrospective data from patients participating in the erlotinib phase IV study (TRUST) in Finland
Authors: Pekka Mali, Eeva-Maija Karjalainen, Aija Knuuttila, Annamari Rouhos, Eija-Riitta Salomaa, Jaana Joutseno, Anna Sivula, Markku Pekurinen, Henrik Riska
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2007)
REVIEW AND EVALUATION OF QUINIDINE THERAPY FOR AURICULAR FIBRILLATION
Authors: S. A. Weisman
Journal: JAMA (1953)

Any therapeutic agent that has been the subject of as much controversy as has quinidine deserves frequent reevaluation. That its use is controversial is not surprising, since it is a relatively new drug compared with, for example, digitalis. Despite the fact that digitalis has been used in cardiac conditions for more than 165 years, there still is not complete agreement as to its use and method of application. From today's vantage point, one can say that quinidine fell into disrepute after its introduction in the treatment of heart disease by Frey,<sup>1</sup>in 1918, because of limited knowledge of its pharmacological properties and lack of individualized application—two factors that are still operative in the abuse of the drug. In that early period of disfavor, the use of quinidine in cardiac conditions was considered so perilous that one clinician advised that any physician who contemplated administering the drug should warn his
pRb2/p130 Decreases Sensitivity to Apoptosis Induced by Camptothecin and Doxorubicin but not by Taxol
Authors: Tiziana Tonini, Chiara Gabellini, Luigi Bagella, Giuseppina D’Andrilli, Valeria Masciullo, Gaetano Romano, Giovanni Scambia, Gabriella Zupi, Antonio Giordano
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2004)

Abstract Purpose: In addition to their original function as cell cycle regulators, retinoblastoma (Rb) family members were recently reported to modulate the sensitivity of cancer cells to chemotherapeutic agents. The purpose of this study is to investigate the possible role of pRb2/p130 in the sensitivity of ovarian cancer to camptothecin, doxorubicin, and taxol. Experimental Design: pRb2/p130 was overexpressed in the CAOV-3 ovarian cancer cell line, and the effect of pRb2/p130 overexpression on sensitivity to apoptosis trigged by IC50 doses of different drugs was evaluated by various methods, including 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay, flow cytometry, and Western blot analyses. Results: The results reported in this study support the conclusion that overexpression of pRb2/p130 in the CAOV-3 ovarian cancer cell line lacking wild-type p53 is able to inhibit apoptosis triggered by camptothecin and doxorubicin through the c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase signaling transduction pathway. Conversely, taxol-induced cell death is not influenced by the pRb2/p130 protein level. Conclusions: A careful analysis of pRb2/p130 expression in tumor specimens could help to identify the best clinical protocol to be used for each patient, improving efficacy and tolerance and therefore offering additional progress in the treatment of advanced ovarian cancer.
Title for Painting Corrected
Authors: Edward F. Wilson
Journal: JAMA (1976)

To the Editor.—  Steve Prefontaine on the cover ofThe Journaland a French-Canadian Steve Prefontaine helping ignite the Olympic flame in Montreal must have provided a pause for thought for track fans across the United States.  The painting on the cover is accomplished and exciting, but the title appears to be in error. Prefontaine did not attempt to qualify for the 800 m (half-mile) in the 1972 Olympic Trials. Rather, the painting shows him winning the 5,000 m final in American record time in the 1972 Olympic Trials held here in Eugene. Dave Wottle won the 800 meters in world record time. Gerry Lindgren is wearing #485.
Comment on: Zhang et al. Peroxisome Proliferator–Activated Receptor <b>γ</b> Polymorphism Pro12Ala Is Associated With Nephropathy in Type 2 Diabetes: Evidence From Meta-Analysis of 18 Studies. Diabetes Care 2012;35:1388–1393
Authors: Emanuela Lapice, Sara Cocozza, Gabriele Riccardi, Olga Vaccaro
Journal: Diabetes Care (2012)

The recently published meta-analysis by Zhang et al. (1) shows that the Ala12 variant of peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor γ is a significantly protective factor for diabetic nephropathy. This association was observed in Caucasians, but no similar association was shown in Asians. The absence of a significant effect in the Asian subgroup was explained by the authors by the low frequency of the Ala12 allele in the Asian populations leading to insufficient statistical power. Gene-gene and gene-environmental …
Mistake in report: hepatitis B vaccination for drug misusers is recommended
Authors: J. Polkinghorne, J. Strang, M. Farrell
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Editor—The importance of national hepatitis B vaccination programmes has correctly been identified as a vital public health response to the global epidemic of hepatitis B, and this supports the World Health Organisation's call for universal hepatitis B vaccination by 1997.1 While the authors of an article about hepatitis B vaccination programmes and the …
What should be done about merit awards? Merit awards - the case for change
Authors: J E C Hern
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Many doctors vigorously criticise the merit award system in private, but to do so in a signed article in the BMJ is a very different matter. It exposes the author to the wrath not only of those who run the present system but also of those for whom it has brought high awards. Further, according to the level of his own award, it exposes the writer to the charge either of sour grapes or of ingratitude.

What should we ask of a merit award system? Three things: it should identify merit; it should be, and be seen to be, fair; and it should encourage effort in appropriate directions. How does the present system perform against these criteria?

From the start of the present system, awards were for those who had made exceptional achievements in clinical work, research, and teaching. At the start, achievement in “administration” was specifically excluded but this has now been corrected. By commonly used convention, the levels of attainment for A, B, and C awards have often been equated with, respectively, international, national, and local eminence. Such reputations are doubtless often justified, but in other cases they seem to be based more on faithful attendance on the international or national conference circuit than on the quality of work achieved. It is not unknown for a clinician to be attending an important international conference in some distant place while a colleague at home is correcting a clinical blunder committed by the “expert” within the very clinical field on which he is holding forth to the applauding audience.

The problem in defining clinical merit is that much clinical activity is a private process between patient and clinician. Even within the same specialty, colleagues will often have very little idea whether …
Contribution of reverse-mode sodium–calcium exchange to contractions in failing human left ventricular myocytes
Authors: Julian A Mattiello, Kenneth B Margulies, Valluvan Jeevanandam, Steven R Houser
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1998)

To examine the contribution of reverse mode sodium-calcium (Na-Ca) exchange to contractions in isolated left-ventricular myocytes from failing human heart.Low resistance patch pipettes were used to dialyze cells with Na-free or high-Na pipette solution ([Na]pipette = 0 and 20 mmol/L, respectively) to reduce or enhance Na-Ca exchange. Whole-cell membrane-potential, membrane-current and cell-shortening data were simultaneously acquired during whole-cell voltage clamp protocols. Thapsigargin (100 nmol/L) and nifedipine (1 mumol/L) were also used to inhibit sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca-ATPase and L-type Ca channels, respectively.Two types of contractions were observed. Rapid phasic contractions were seen in both Na-free and high-Na cells. Slow tonic contractions were seen only in high-Na cells. Phasic contractions demonstrated bell-shaped voltage dependence over the voltage range that corresponds to the activity of the L-type Ca channel. Although the voltage dependence of phasic contractions were similar Na-free and high-Na cells, phasic contractions in high-Na cells were larger than phasic contractions in Na-free cells. Phasic contractions were sensitive to inhibition of SR Ca-ATPase and L-type Ca channels. Tonic contractions were not inhibited by either thapsigargin or nifedipine. In thapsigargin-treated high-Na cells, tonic contraction magnitude increased exponentially with test-potential.The increases in phasic contraction magnitude observed in high-Na cells compared to Na-free cells were most likely due to increased SR Ca loading resulting from increased reverse-mode Na-Ca exchange. Our results also suggest that tonic contractions in high-Na cells were mediated by Ca entry via reverse-mode Na-Ca exchange and were not the result of either SR Ca release or L-type Ca channel activity.
Islet cell hyperplasia: An unusual cause of hypoglycemia in an adult
Authors: Gary Weinstock, Paul Margulies, Ellen Kahn, Myron Susin, Gary Abrams
Journal: Metabolism (1986)

This is a case presentation of a 32-year-old man with a one year history of symptomatic hypoglycemia and documented elevations of his fasting plasma insulin to glucose ratio, caused by islet cell hyperplasia. Islet cell hyperplasia is a common cause of hypoglycemia in the pediatric population, but is very rare in adults. As in the pediatric group, adults should be treated with subtotal (75–85%) resection of the pancreas and with diazoxide for symptomatic recurrence of hypoglycemia. We suggest that the term islet cell hyperplasia is preferred to designate a diffuse proliferation of endocrine cells that may express itself with different morphologic patterns, varying from case to case. Islet cell hyperplasia, therefore, comprises nesidioblastosis, endocrine cell budding from ductal structures, as well as islet and islet cell hypertrophy, septal islets, islet dysplasia, and adenomatosis. Immunohistochemistry is a valuable method for the demonstration of the polymorphic hormonal content of the proliferated islet cells. We propose that the term nesidioblastosis, previously used to describe some similar cases, should be avoided because of confusion about its definition.
TCT-505 Optimal Dual Antiplatelet Therapy Duration after Lower Extremity Peripheral Artery Intervention
Authors: Avantika Banerjee, Karan Sarode, Atif Mohammad, Seth Jelinek, Karthik D. Mekala, Purav Mody, Swagata Das, Donald Williams, Osvaldo Gigliotti, Anand Prasad, Michael Luna, Tayo Addo, Emmanouil Brilakis, Subhash Banerjee
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Human Remains: Dissection and Its Histories
Authors: Helen Blackman
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal