tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Allergic Sensitization through the Airway Primes Th17-dependent Neutrophilia and Airway Hyperresponsiveness
Authors: Rhonda H. Wilson, Gregory S. Whitehead, Hideki Nakano, Meghan E. Free, Jay K. Kolls, Donald N. Cook
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2009)

In humans, immune responses to inhaled aeroallergens develop in the lung and draining lymph nodes. Many animal models of asthma bypass this route and instead use intraperitoneal injections of allergen using aluminum hydroxide as an adjuvant.We investigated whether allergic sensitization through the airway elicits immune responses qualitatively different than those arising in the peritoneum.Mice were sensitized to allergen through the airway using low-dose LPS as an adjuvant, or through the peritoneum using aluminum hydroxide as an adjuvant. After a single allergen challenge, ELISA and flow cytometry were used to measure cytokines and leukocyte subsets. Invasive measurements of airway resistance were used to measure allergen-induced airway hyperreactivity (AHR).Sensitization through the peritoneum primed strong Th2 responses and eosinophilia, but not AHR, after a single allergen challenge. By contrast, allergic sensitization through the airway primed only modest Th2 responses, but strong Th17 responses. Th17 cells homed to the lung and released IL-17 into the airway on subsequent encounter with inhaled allergen. As a result, these mice developed IL-17-dependent airway neutrophilia and AHR. This AHR was neutrophil-dependent because it was abrogated in CXCR2-deficient mice and also in wild-type mice receiving a neutrophil-depleting antibody. Individually, neither IL-17 nor ongoing Th2 responses were sufficient to confer AHR, but together they acted synergistically to promote neutrophil recruitment, eosinophil recruitment and AHR.Allergic sensitization through the airway primes modest Th2 responses but strong Th17 responses that promote airway neutrophilia and acute AHR. These findings support a causal role for neutrophils in severe asthma.
Treatment of Megaloblastic Anaemia of Pregnancy and the Puerperium with Vitamin B12
Authors: E. B. Adams
Journal: BMJ (1956)

The investigation has established that a consignment of endrin dispatched on February 20, 1956, leaked 3 gallons (13.6 litres) into the conveying wagon in transit.The same wagon, which was used for the conveyance of empties between February 20 and April 25, was on the latter date loaded with sacks of flour at Cardiff and dis- patched to Swansea.Of the 100 sacks carried in the wagon it was proved that two absorbed endrin from the vehicle floor, and both these sacks were delivered to oine bakery as part of the weekly consignment.One of these sacks was returned, and endrin was found to be present in some parts of the flour to the extent of 5,500 parts per million.The other sack was used by the baker to manu- facture loaves which caused 49 people to be ill enough to require medical treatment.Endrin was recovered from some parts of the bread consumed to the extent of 150 parts per million.It was further established that while in the bakery the empty contaminated sack which had contained national flour came into contact with dough' made from patent white flour which, having been used to make white bread rolls, caused 10 men to become ill at a local works after consuming them.Samples taken from the wagon floor and analysed on June 8 showed endrin still to be present in one section of the wagon to the extent of 116,000 parts per million.The successful result of the inquiry would not have been achieved had the public health department not received the fullest assistance and co-operation from all the firms and organ- izations involved.
Genetic analysis of desmoglein 3 (<i>DSG3</i>) sequence variants in patients with pemphigus vulgaris
Authors: F. Capon, H. Boulding, M. Quaranta, N.J. Mortimer, J.F. Setterfield, M.M. Black, R.C. Trembath, K.E. Harman
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2009)
The Development of an MMPI Alexithymia Scale
Authors: James H. Kleiger, Robert A. Kinsman
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1980)

A 22-item MMPI alexithymia scale was derived from the Beth Israel Psychosomatic Questionnaire (BIQ). The new MMPI scale yields an 82% hit rate when predicting to BIQ alexithymia scores and has been shown to have impressive stability over time. The new scale should provide a rapid, standardized means of assessing alexithymia in a variety of populations.
Characterization of D-3-hydroxybutyrylcarnitine (ketocarnitine): an identified ketosis-induced metabolite
Authors: Maarten R. Soeters, Mireille J. Serlie, Hans P. Sauerwein, Marinus Duran, Jos P. Ruiter, Willem Kulik, Mariëtte T. Ackermans, Paul E. Minkler, Charles L. Hoppel, Ronald J.A. Wanders, Sander M. Houten
Journal: Metabolism (2011)
Cholestatic Jaundice After Chloramphenicol
Authors: E. C. Foot, W. B. Thomson
Journal: BMJ (1963)

E.E.G. showed no asymmetry or foetal abnormality, but the voltage was lower than in the pre-operative pattern.The value of the E.E.G. as a sensitive monitor of cerebral ischaemia during the hypotensive phase has, I feel, yet to be proved.In the meantime patients with marked hypertension should not, unless heparinized, have their pressures lowered to below 80-85 mm.Hg.
Package Insert Problems
Authors: Richard L. Steelman
Journal: JAMA (1972)

To the Editor.—  The SPECIAL COMMUNICATION, Instrument or Impediment? The Regulatory Monograph in Medical Communications, (220:1474,1972) was an excellent review of the evolution of the package insert and a good discussion of its effect on medical practice. The writer did not mention, however, one of the serious problems of these monographs, namely the listing of adverse reactions without regard to incidence, severity, or proven relationship to drug administration. For example, 27 adverse reactions, ranging from nasal stuffiness to anaphylactic shock are listed for diphenhydramine hydrochloride (Benadryl) without a clue about incidence, severity, or proven relationship to drug administration. Listings of this type have no meaning for physicians and should be replaced by the manufacturer's statement indicating only those adverse reactions that are of genuine concern to the medical divisions of the manufacturer and of the Food and Drug Administration. Deletion of mild reactions of low incidence and dubious relationship to
An EXPERIMENTAL INQUIRY into the PATHOLOGY of GASTRIC TETANY
Authors: W. D. Halliburton, J. S. McKendrick
Journal: BMJ (1901)

<c Gastric tetany, or tetany associated with dilatation of the stomach, has in recent years received considerable atten tion. This has been due not merely to the rarity of the complaint, but also to its high mortality, and to the vague nature of its etiology and pathology. The association of this nervous disorder with dilatation of the stomach was first described by Newman1 in 1861, and shortly afterwards by Kussmaul,2 and from that time up to the present frequent communications have been made on this subject. Most authors, however, have confined themselves to the minute description of cases, and few have made observations of an experimental nature so as to throw light on the causation of this obscure malady. We have recently had the opportunity of examining the gastric contents from a case of tetany with dilatation of the stomach, and of observing the results after their injection into animals. We publish these results as we believe them to be of path ological importance, not because we desire to draw positive conclusions from a single case, but rather to indicate some of the lines of research which should be followed in the future.
Diagnosis of Pancreas Divisum by Endoscopic Ultrasonography
Authors: M. S. Bhutani, B. J. Hoffmann, R. H. Hawes
Journal: Endoscopy (1999)

Background and Study Aims: During pancreatobiliary imaging by endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) at the authors' institution, it is customary to attempt to obtain the “stack sign”, where the bile duct and the pancreatic duct can be seen to run in parallel through the pancreatic head. We suspected that such a view may not be attainable in patients with pancreas divisum because of the short ventral pancreatic duct. The aim of the study was to investigate whether the presence of pancreas divisum could be suspected on the basis of EUS findings.
Treatment Strategies for Prostate Cancer
Authors: Abraham T. K. Cockett
Journal: JAMA (1993)

To the Editor.  —Two articles1,2and an Editorial3in the May 26, 1993, issue ofJAMAfocus on the slow progression of prostate cancer and the value of watchful waiting in lieu of aggressive therapy for this disease. The data in the articles reconfirm the widespread belief that men with a life expectancy of less than 10 years usually do not require radical prostate removal for prostate cancer. Younger men (50 to 65 years old) should be treated aggressively after the diagnosis is confirmed.  Prostate cancer is the second most common cause of cancer death in the United States. This year, 35 000 men in the United States will die from the disease. Over 140 000 new cases will be diagnosed this year. This means that 25% of men diagnosed with prostate cancer will die from it. This figure corresponds with the 25% of women who, after being
HIPAA and Patient Care
Authors: Bernard Lo, Laurie Dornbrand, Nancy N. Dubler
Journal: JAMA (2005)

Federal health privacy regulations, commonly known as the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) regulations, came into effect in April 2003. Many clinicians and institutions have relied on consultants and risk managers to tell them how to implement these regulations. Much of the controversy and confusion over the HIPAA regulations concern so-called incidental disclosures. Some interpretations of the privacy regulations would limit essential communication and compromise good patient care. This article analyzes misconceptions regarding what the regulations say about incidental disclosures and discusses the reasons for such misunderstandings. Many misconceptions arise from gaps in the regulations. These gaps are appropriately filled by professional judgment informed by ethical guidelines. The communication should be necessary and effective for good patient care, and the risks of a breach of confidentiality should be proportional to the likely benefit for the patient's care. The alternative for communication should be impractical. We offer specific recommendations to help physicians think through what incidental disclosures in patient care are ethically permissible and what safeguards ought to be taken. Physicians should work with risk managers and practice administrators to develop policies that promote good communication in patient care, while taking appropriate steps to protect patient privacy.
Hyperthermia in Cancer Therapy
Authors: Paul P. Carbone
Journal: JAMA (1984)

<b>Hyperthermia,</b>edited by Haim I. Bicher and Duane F. Bruley (Adv Exp Med Biol, vol 157, meeting, Detroit, August 1981), 192 pp, with illus, $35, New York, Plenum Press, 1982. <i>Hyperthermia and Cancer Therapy</i>is a collection of chapters on various aspects of hyperthermia research. This book is intended as a text in a new area of developing clinical and basic research. Contributing authors are leaders in this field. The book clearly provides the reader with an excellent historical perspective for the development of hyperthermia research. Contributions by some authors are perhaps disproportionate to the importance of the specific area covered. There is notable redundancy between chapters. Some portions of the text have been published more than four years ago with no effort made to update material. As is true of most new texts, current developing trends are difficult to identify. This is often caused by pressures that obviously relate
Hallucinogenic Effects of Marijuana as Currently Used
Authors: MARTIN H. KEELER, JOHN A. EWING, BEATRICE A. ROUSE
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1971)

A questionnaire study of 42 randomly selected young men who used marijuana revealed that about 90 percent had experienced minor changes in perception (seeing colors or objects as more intense); about half had experienced major perceptual changes (hallucinating colors or designs); and about 40 percent had experienced hallucinogenic ideation. The authors conclude that marijuana, as used by the population studied, is a hallucinogen. They caution, however, that this is not evidence that the drug is either harmful or harmless.
Psychotropic Drug Use in Very Young Children
Authors: Joseph T. Coyle
Journal: JAMA (2000)

1998;148:1094-1102. 6. Update: influenza activity—United States and worldwide, 1998-99 season, and composition of the 1999-2000 influenza vaccine. MMRW Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 1999;48:374-378. 7. Carr CM, Kim PS. Flu virus invasion: halfway there. Science. 1994;266:234236. 8. Holsinger, LJ, Nichani D, Pinto LH, Lamb RA. Influenza A virus M2 ion channel protein: a structure-function analysis. J Virol. 1994;68:1551-1563. 9. Kucers A, Crowe SM, Grayson ML, Hoy JF, eds. The Use of Antibiotics: A Clinical Review of Antibacterial, Antifungal, and Antiviral Drugs. Oxford, England: Butterworth-Heinmann; 1997:1834-1854. 10. Wharton SA, Belshe RB, Skehel JJ, Hay AJ. Role of virion M2 protein in influenza virus uncoating: specific reduction in the rate of membrane fusion between virus and liposomes by amantadine. J Gen Virol. 1994;75:945-948. 11. Monto AS, Arden NH. Implications of viral resistance to amantadine in control of influenza A. Clin Infect Dis. 1992;15:362-367. 12. Hayden FG, Belshe RB, Clover RD, Hay AJ, Oakes MG, Soo W. Emergence and apparent transmission of rimantadine-resistant influenza A virus in families. N Engl J Med. 1989;321:1696-1702. 13. Laver WG, Bischofberger N, Webster RG. Disarming flu viruses. Sci Am. 1999; 280:78-87. 14. Monto AS, Fleming DM, Henry D, et al. Efficacy and safety of the neuraminidase inhibitor zanamivir in the treatment of influenza A and B virus infections. J Infect Dis. 1999;180:254-261. 15. Treanor JJ, Hayden FG, Vrooman PS, et al. Efficacy and safety of the oral neuraminidase inhibitor oseltamivir in treating acute influenza: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2000;283:1016-1024. 16. Barry AL. Antimicrobial resistance among clinical isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae in North America. Am J Med. 1999;107(suppl)(1A):28S-33S. 17. Nowak R. Hungary sees an improvement in penicillin resistance. Science. 1994; 264:364. 18. Stephenson J. Icelandic researchers are showing the way to bring down rates of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. JAMA. 1996;275:175. 19. Lui KJ, Kendal AP. Impact of influenza epidemics on mortality in the United States from October 1972 to May 1985. Am J Public Health. 1987;77:7712-7716. 20. Stolberg SG. F.D.A. warns of overuse of 2 new drugs against flu. New York Times. January 13, 2000:A18. 21. Zimmerman RK. Lowering the age for routine influenza vaccination to 50 years: AAFP leads the nation in influenza vaccine policy. Am Fam Physician. 1999;60: 2061-2070. 22. Landry ML, Cohen S, Ferguson D. Impact of sample type on rapid detection of influenza virus A by cytospin-enhanced immunofluorescence and membranelinked immunosorbent assay. J Clin Microbiol. 2000;38:429-430.
Psychiatry in the Soviet Union
Authors: J. K. Wing
Journal: BMJ (1974)

The services for chronically handicapped people with psychiatric disorders in the Soviet Union are described. The system is based upon a network of community units, each of which includes a day centre, a follow-up clinic, and a sheltered workshop. British services could profitably learn from the experience of these units. The diagnostic system used by many Soviet psychiatrists is different from that incorporated in the International Classification of Diseases. In particular, the term "schizophrenia" is used to describe conditions which British psychiatrists would label in other ways. This clinical difference partly explains the different concept of "criminal responsibility," but another large component of the difference is political rather than medical. There are also variations from British practice in certain juridical procedures. These differences together make Soviet psychiatric practice in the case of political dissenters unacceptable to most British psychiatrists. It is too soon to say that frank discussions of these matters could not lead to improvement. British and Soviet psychiatrists still have something to learn from each other.
Introduction to a Discussion on the Treatment of Glaucoma
Authors: J. Hutchinson
Journal: BMJ (1889)

TH. discussion which I have been requested to open concerns a large subject, and one in which our judgments can be helped only by our experience.There is at the present day not much room for speculation as to the theory of the glaucomatous process when we have to decide as to the best treatment of a case of glaucoma.Valuable as have been the labours of Mr. Priestley Smith, Dr. Brailey and others, in respect to the pathological anatomy of glaucoma and its antecedent conditions, they cannot be held to have helped us much in reference to the selection of special methods of treatment as adapted to special cases.As to these, we must trust chiefly, if not solely, to the recorded experience of those who have practised them.Impressed with this fact, and seeing around me not a few whose experience is more valuable and extensive than my own, I do not intend on the present occasion to occupy much of your time with statements of my own views.I shall, I believe, bet'er discharge my duty if in a simple and literal manner introduce the subject for your discussion.My first endeavour must be to limit and define the questions which we have to consider.I expect that it will be generally admitted that for all forms of primary glaucoma approaching acuteness, iridectomy holds its ground as the operation which affords the best prospect of advantage with the least risk.In these cases eserine may give temporary relief, but it is not to be trusted.If there is any exception to this statement, it is as re- gards those cases in which acute symptoms have been developed by the use of atropine.In some of these it would appear that eserine may suffice for a complete cure.In saying this I am thinking of cases which have been recorded by Mr. Snell and others.As regards other operations, sclerotomy, with its various modifications and the so-called cyclotomy, I think we may say that although very useful, they are, in competition with iridectomy, only second best.To this another statement of much importance may perhaps be added.It is that eyes saved from acute glaucoma by operation (I mean those only in which a re- covery has been completed) seldom, or never relapse.My own ex- perience supplies me with no exception to this.Glaucoma scarcely ever rec.irs in an eye which has been completely relieved by an iri- dectomy.I make this assertion in reference chiefly to acute
Cancer Risk of Heterozygotes With the NBN Founder Mutation
Authors: E. Seemanova, P. Jarolim, P. Seeman, R. Varon, M. Digweed, M. Swift, K. Sperling
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2007)

BackgroundThe autosomal recessive chromosomal instability disorder Nijmegen breakage syndrome (NBS) is associated with increased risk of lymphoid malignancies and other cancers. Cells from NBS patients contain many double-stranded DNA breaks. More than 90% of NBS patients are homozygous for a founder mutation, 657del5, in the NBN gene. We investigated the 657del5 carrier status of cancer patients among blood relatives (i.e., first-, through fourth-degree relatives) of NBS patients in the Czech Republic and Slovakia to test the hypothesis that NBN heterozygotes have an increased cancer risk.
The Idiopathic Hypereosinophilic Syndrome
Authors: ANTHONY S. FAUCI
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1982)

The idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome (HES) represents a heterogeneous group of disorders with the common features of prolonged eosinophilia of an undetectable cause and organ system dysfunction. Fifty patients with the idiopathic HES were studied over 11 years at the National Institutes of Health. Multiple organ systems were involved; bone marrow hypereosinophilia was common to all patients, but the most severe clinicopathologic involvement was of the heart and nervous system. Postmortem gross pathologic examination of the hearts of patients with idiopathic and nonidiopathic HES suggested that the common mechanism of cardiac disease is the eosinophilia. Endomyocardial biopsy findings showed that the endothelial cells in the endocardium and of the microvasculature were the primary targets of the tissue damage. This damage initiates thrombosis; endocardial fibrosis and restrictive endomyocardopathy may follow. Invitro culture of circulating eosinophil colony-forming units showed some normal studies, some studies showing increased progenitor cells committed to eosinophil development,and others showing an excess production of eosinophil colony-stimulating factor. Chemotherapy to lower the eosinophil counts has resulted in marked improvement of HES prognosis, as have agressive medical and surgical approaches to cardiovascular complications.
THE TEACHING AND STUDY OF HUMAN ANATOMY
Authors: R. J. A. Berry
Journal: BMJ (1921)

MEDICMJOAL NA 75 TYPE 2.-The patient with frequent micturition, difficuilty, and a wvell-marked enlargement of the prostate, and a`oi6t'6 oz. or 8 oz. of residual urine.It is obvious that an operation 'will h:ave to be done or catheter life commenced.In such a case the decision slhould not be lef.tuntil an attack of retention has occurred.The danger of the catheter, whether it is passed as an, emergency for the relief of an attack of retention or .whethe'r it is used regularly to remove residual urine, is tlhat' epsis is inevitable.the result of introduction of bacteria is cystitis, and this is immediately followed by, asconding pyelonephritisor surgical kidney.
The Epidemic of Typhoid at Clifton
Authors: B. M. H. Rogers
Journal: BMJ (1897)

<h3>SUMMARY:</h3> This study describes a case of a patient with OSMS who presented with somnolence, periodic fever, memory impairment, and amenorrhea. Serum prolactin levels were found to be higher than normal. MR imaging showed a bilateral involvement of the hypothalamus. The clinical presentation, laboratory examination, and MR imaging findings suggested a diagnosis of hypothalamus syndrome in this patient.
Cardioselective nitric oxide synthase 3 gene transfer protects against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in pigs
Authors: Zsolt Szelid, Peter Sinnaeve, Pieter Vermeersch, Hilde Gillijns, Marijke Pellens, Natascha ban Pelt, Peter Pokreisz, Erik Verbeken, Desire Collen, Stefan Janssens
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
HIV-Associated Nephropathies
Authors: Jacques J. Bourgoignie, Victoriano Pardo
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1992)

In 1984, a distinct nephropathy was described in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in New York and Miami. The nephropathy is typically characterized by a severe nephrotic syndrome. The proteinuria can be of sudden onset and can lead to profound hypoalbuminemia. Renal insufficiency is often evident when the patient is first encountered, and it progresses rapidly to end-stage renal failure. Peripheral edema and hypertension are often minimal or absent. The kidneys are of normal size or enlarged. Because the nephropathy can be the first manifestation of infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) before AIDS develops, the disorder . . .
Parapoxvirus infections of Reindeer and Musk Ox associated with unusual human infections
Authors: EDVARD S. FALK
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1978)

Journal Article Parapoxvirus infections of Reindeer and Musk Ox associated with unusual human infections Get access EDVARD S. FALK EDVARD S. FALK Department of Dermatology, University of Tromsø, Norway Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 99, Issue 6, 1 December 1978, Pages 647–654, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1978.tb07059.x Published: 01 December 1978