tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
In vivo tumor transfection with superantigen plus cytokine genes induces tumor regression and prolongs survival in dogs with malignant melanoma.
Authors: S W Dow, R E Elmslie, A P Willson, L Roche, C Gorman, T A Potter
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1998)

In vivo transfection of established tumors with immunostimulatory genes can elicit antitumor immunity. Therefore, we evaluated the safety and efficacy of intratumoral injections of a bacterial superantigen with a cytokine gene in dogs with malignant melanoma, a spontaneous and highly malignant canine tumor. 26 dogs with melanoma were treated with lipid-complexed plasmid DNA encoding staphylococcal enterotoxin B and either GM-CSF or IL-2. Dogs were evaluated for treatment-associated toxicity, tumor responses, immunologic responses, and survival times. The overall response rate (complete or partial remissions) for all 26 dogs was 46% (12 of 26), and was highest in patients with smaller tumors. Toxicity was minimal or absent in all dogs. Injected tumors developed marked infiltrates of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and macrophages, and tumor regression was associated with development of high levels of antitumor cytotoxic T lymphocyte activity in peripheral blood lymphocytes. Survival times for animals with stage III melanomas treated by intratumoral gene therapy were prolonged significantly compared with animals treated with surgical tumor excision only. Thus, local tumor transfection with superantigen and cytokine genes was capable of inducing both local and systemic antitumor immunity in an outbred animal with a spontaneously developing malignant tumor.
THE EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON THE GROWTH OF VIRUS-INDUCED FROG CARCINOMA
Authors: Balduin Lucké, Leonard Berwick, Peter Nowell
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1953)

The temperature coefficient of van't Hoff, Q(10), for growth of frog carcinoma in vitro over a range of 20-35 degrees C, averages 2.5. This value is closely similar to those obtained for various forms of normal growth. The values of the temperature coefficient slightly but progressively decrease with advancing age of the cancer colonies. A similar relation obtains in many but not in all forms of normal growth. Thus, the law of van't Hoff is found to hold equally for growth of the malignant tissue now under discussion and for normal tissue.
The American Psychiatric Press Textbook of Psychiatry
Authors: Herbert Y. Meltzer
Journal: JAMA (1988)

This<i>Textbook of Psychiatry</i>, edited by John A. Talbott, Robert E. Hales, and Stuart C. Yudofsky, provides in one large volume an authoritative and up-to-date review of modern psychiatry that will be of great value to medical students, general physicians, and psychiatric residents, as well as practicing psychiatrists. It is neither a comprehensive textbook covering all of psychiatry nor a reference text with detailed coverage of a few areas. Instead of inadequate coverage in multiple brief chapters, the editors have chosen to identify and emphasize what they believe to be the areas most worthy of inclusion. Good writing and editing are evident throughout. With frequent citation of research data, including some 1987 references, contributors present controversial and important issues, and make clear statements of the limits of current knowledge. The major sections are "Theoretical Foundations," "Assessment," "Psychiatric Disorders," "Psychiatric Treatments," and "Special Topics" ("Suicide," "Violence," "Psychiatry and the Law," "Ethics
FDG-PET Findings in Patients With Suspected Encephalitis
Authors: Bruce Y. Lee, Andrew B. Newberg, David S. Liebeskind, Justin Kung, Abass Alavi
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2004)

Fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) may be used to establish a diagnosis of encephalitis, yet prior descriptions are mainly limited to small case reports. We explore the role of FDG-PET in the diagnostic evaluation of encephalitis.Brain FDG-PET was acquired in a consecutive case series of 10 cases of suspected encephalitis over a 5-year-period. Cases with positive Lyme serology were excluded. Two expert reviewers graded the FDG-PET studies in blinded fashion with respect to the clinical history. Retrospective review of the clinical history and examination, laboratory findings, electroencephalogram (EEG), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies was performed. A diagnosis of encephalitis was based on a combination of the clinical and diagnostic examination findings in each case.Encephalitis was diagnosed in 6 of 10 cases. FDG-PET hypermetabolism was demonstrated in 5 cases of encephalitis, most frequently involving the medial temporal lobes. Multifocal hypometabolism was noted in at least 2 regions in all 6 cases of encephalitis, with at least 4 regions of hypometabolism noted in 5 of 6 cases. Nonencephalitis cases revealed hypermetabolism in only 1 of 4 cases, ascribed to status epilepticus. Hypometabolism was evident in all nonencephalitis cases.Encephalitis frequently manifests as FDG-PET hypermetabolism, but focal hypometabolism can also be observed. Seizure activity must be excluded as a possible cause of hypermetabolism in patients suspected of having encephalitis. Because other conditions that can cause hypometabolism may mimic encephalitis clinically, FDG-PET is more likely to serve as an adjunct to lumbar puncture, EEG, and clinical findings rather than a primary diagnostic tool in the management of patients suspected of having encephalitis.
Supplementation of Atherogenic Diet With B Vitamins Does Not Prevent Atherosclerosis or Vascular Dysfunction in Monkeys
Authors: Steven R. Lentz, Donald J. Piegors, M. René Malinow, Donald D. Heistad
Journal: Circulation (2001)

Hyperhomocysteinemia is associated with increased risk of atherosclerotic and thrombotic vascular disease. In many patients, hyperhomocysteinemia can be treated or prevented by dietary supplementation with B vitamins, but the clinical benefit of B vitamins for the prevention of vascular disease has not been proven.Using an atherogenic diet that produces both hyperhomocysteinemia and hypercholesterolemia, we tested the hypothesis that dietary supplementation with B vitamins (folic acid, vitamin B(12), and vitamin B(6)) would prevent hyperhomocysteinemia, vascular dysfunction, and atherosclerotic lesions in monkeys. After 17 months, plasma total homocysteine increased from 3.6+/-0.3 to 11.8+/-1.7 micromol/L in monkeys fed an unsupplemented atherogenic diet (P<0.01) but did not increase in monkeys fed an atherogenic diet supplemented with B vitamins (3.8+/-0.3 micromol/L). Serum cholesterol increased from 122+/-7 to 550+/-59 mg/dL in the unsupplemented group (P<0.001) and from 118+/-5 to 492+/-55 mg/dL in the supplemented group (P<0.001). Responses to endothelium-dependent vasodilators, both in resistance vessels in vivo and in the carotid artery ex vivo, were impaired to a similar extent in groups that did and did not receive vitamin supplements. Anticoagulant responses to the infusion of thrombin were also impaired to a similar extent in both groups. Vitamin supplementation failed to prevent intimal thickening in the carotid or iliac arteries.These findings demonstrate that supplementation with B vitamins prevents hyperhomocysteinemia but is not sufficient to prevent the development of vascular dysfunction or atherosclerotic lesions in monkeys with marked hypercholesterolemia, even in the absence of preexisting atherosclerosis.
Severe thrombocytopenia and fibrinolysis mimicking disseminated intravascular coagulation after rituximab infusion
Authors: Ioannis Kotsianidis, Aggelos Goutzouvelidis, Athanasios Anastasiades, Irene Bouchliou, Evangelia Nakou, Emmanouil Spanoudakis, Anna V. Christophoridou, Dimitrios Margaritis, George Bourikas, Costas Tsatalas
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2009)
Nontreatment of Fever in Extended-Care Facilities
Authors: Norman K. Brown, Donovan J. Thompson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1979)

Abstract In a study of decisions not to treat febrile patients, we reviewed the medical records of 1256 people admitted to nine extended-care facilities in Seattle during 1973. Fever, defined as two temperatures of 38.33°C to 38.83°C (101 to 101.9°F) within 24 hours or one temperature ≥38.88°C (102°F), developed in 190 patients before two years of stay. Active treatment, defined as antibiotics or hospitalization (or both), was ordered for fever in 109 patients, of whom 10 (9 per cent) died. Active treatment was not ordered for 81 patients, of whom 48 (59 per cent) died. The pre-decision factors that showed a significant relation (P<0.05) to such nontreatment were: diagnosis, mental status, mobility, pain, narcotics prescribed, size of the facility, relation of the physician to the patient and medical-record statements documenting the patient's deterioration or plans for nontreatment in general. This pattern of nontreatment suggests that physicians and nurses did not intend to treat these patients actively and that high mortality was expected. (N Engl J Med 300:1246–1250, 1979)
Fortuitous Discovery of Partial Uhl Anomaly in a Male Adult
Authors: Jean-Louis Hébert, Guillaume Duthoit, Françoise Hidden-Lucet, Miguel Cortès-Morichetti, Ahmed-Amir Bouchachi, Arshid Azarine, Véronique Fressart, Françoise Simon, Dominique Le Guludec, Jérôme Lacotte, Robert Frank, Yves Lecarpentier
Journal: Circulation (2010)
Expression of hybrid Ia molecules on the cell surface of reticulum cell sarcomas that are undetectable on host SJL/J lymphocytes
Authors: SM Wilbur, B Bonavida
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1981)

SJL/J (H-2 (8)) lymphocytes, primed in vitro against primary, cultured, and transplantable syngeneic reticulum cell sarcomas (RCS) were found to recognize and bind to the tumor without subsequent cytolysis. Additional data showed that the recognition was also directed against Ia molecules of the H-2(d), but not H-2(k), haplotype. Normal spleen cells of DBA/2, B 10.D2, and B 10.OL mice were bound, whereas those of CBA, B 10.BR, B 10.A, B 10.GD, and D2.GD were not. Furthermore, the Ia molecules were in the form of a hybrid, because spleen cells from F(1) progeny of a B10.A and a B10.GD parent were recognized and bound as effectively as the RCS. Recognition was not restricted solely to the H-2(d) haplotype. Spleen cells from B10.S(9R) mice were also significantly bound. This result suggested that the RCS expresses a hybrid Ia molecule containing a β-chain of the H-2(8) haplotype. Recognition of this hybrid Ia molecule by the host resulted in a cross- reactive recognition of H-2(d) specificities. Further analysis revealed that the RCS express on their cell surface an α-chain of the hybrid Ia molecule which is involved in host anti-tumor recognition. Preincubation of the RCS with monoclonal antibody directed against the Ia.7 specificity on the α-chain could block lymphocyte-to-tumor cell binding. The blocking activity could be removed by preabsorption of the antibody on the RCS, as well as normal Ia.7-bearing lymphocytes, but not on lymphocytes that do not express Ia.7, such as SJL/J. The data suggest that the hybrid Ia molecules expressed on the RCS, and recognized by tumor-primed syngeneic lymphocytes, are composed of both a syngeneic and an alien chain. The component alien to the SJL/J host is the Ia.7-bearing α-chain. Normal SJL/J cells synthesize but do not express the β-chain. In the RCS, however, alien α-chain synthesis permits expression of the syngeneic β-chain in the form of a hybrid Ia molecule.
One-Step Endosonography-Guided Drainage of a Pancreatic Pseudocyst: A New Technique of Stent Delivery Through the Echo Endoscope
Authors: P. Vilmann, S. Hancke, T. Pless, J. D. Schell-Hincke, F. W. Henriksen
Journal: Endoscopy (1998)

We report here the first case of a one-step endosonography(EUS)-guided pseudocyst drainage. A prototype large channel curved array echo endoscope (Pentax FG-38 UX) and a prototype delivery system for placement of an endoprosthesis was used for the procedure. The delivery system (GIP MedicinTechnik GmbH/Medi-Globe Corporation) consists of a handle part with a piston, a metal ring sheath, a plastic catheter with a diathermy needle and a double pigtail endoprosthesis (8.5 Fr). When mounted on the endoscope the endoprosthesis can be advanced out of the distal end of the endoscope. The introduction of the stent as well as the stent release can be monitored entirely by ultrasound. The procedure was tested in a 76-year-old woman with a pseudocyst measuring 60 mm in diameter located in the tail of the pancreas. The procedure was well tolerated by the patient, and there were no procedural complications. The advantage of a large channel echo endoscope and our new prototype delivery system is that the endoprosthesis can be inserted in to a pancreatic cyst guided exclusively by EUS without exchange of endoscopes, catheters or guide wires. Further studies are warranted.
Reviews, Notes, and Listings: Carpal Tunnel Syndrome and Other Disorders of the Median Nerve
Authors: John H. Martin
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1993)

Literature of Medicine1 October 1993Reviews, Notes, and Listings: Carpal Tunnel Syndrome and Other Disorders of the Median NerveJohn H. Martin, MDJohn H. Martin, MDThe Bryn Mawr Hospital, Bryn Mawr, PA 19010.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-119-7_Part_1-199310010-00035 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Carpal Tunnel Syndrome and Other Disorders of the Median NerveRichard B. Rosenbaum and Jose L. Ochoa. 345 pages. Boston: Butterworth-Heinemann; 1993. $95.00.Does a need exist for a whole book on a single nerve? Although compressive median nerve neuropathy is described in medical textbooks and many journal articles, a source that combines this information would be a superb aid.Here the authors adequately describe the clinical syndrome, its anatomy and pathophysiology, electrodiagnostic tests, and medical and surgical treatments. More than 2000 references are annotated. The authors note many causes of injury to the median nerve. The discussions of conditions associated with the ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: The Bryn Mawr Hospital, Bryn Mawr, PA 19010. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 October 1993Volume 119, Issue 7_Part_1Page: 639KeywordsDiabetes mellitusLibrariesNervesNeuropathyNeurosurgeryPainPregnancyRheumatic painRheumatoid arthritisSurgeons ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 1 October 1993 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1993 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Gavin James Brown
Authors: J. Douglas, A. Henderson, N. Dewhurst
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Gavin James Brown was born in Newcastle upon Tyne, where his father was a pre-National Health Service general practitioner working in a mining community with a heavy clinical workload. Gavin frequently accompanied his father on his medical rounds and decided at an early age that he wished to become a doctor.

He attended preparatory school at Croftinloan in Pitlochry. He was academically bright and keen on sports. The home farm at the school started his lifelong interest in gardening and rural Scotland. In 1961 he won an open scholarship to Repton School, Derbyshire, and became head boy. He studied medicine at the University of Edinburgh and graduated in 1972. 

His medical training in Edinburgh developed his academic mind and applied his meticulous personality to clinical practice. His postgraduate training jobs in cardiology and cardiothoracic surgery gave him a lifelong expertise and passion for clinical cardiology. These were groundbreaking days in Edinburgh, with bypass machines, heart pacemakers, and a mobile coronary care unit staffed by the doctors. In those days high technology was a Morris Minor van with the junior doctors’ treating coronary cases at home with not much …
Reversible Cerebral Vasoconstriction Syndrome
Authors: Anne Ducros, Rula A. Hajj-Ali, Aneesh Bhim Singhal, Shuu-Jiun Wang
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2014)

Sneddon's syndrome (SS) refers to an infrequent disorder combining skin and ischemic cerebral lesions in patients without a recognizable connective tissue or inflammatory or chronic infectious disease. As a rule, the transient ischemic attacks and strokes are multiple and recurrent in the same or different vascular territories. Both cortical and subcortical areas in the anterior and posterior circulation can be affected, but the most common lesions leading to progressive clinical disability are white matter abnormalities and lacunar infarcts. A large retrospective study on the anti-phospholipid antibody syndrome demonstrated that treatment with high-intensity warfarin (producing an international normalized ratio [INR] of >3) with or without low-dose aspirin (75 mg/day) is significantly more effective than treatment with low-intensity warfarin (producing an INR of <3) with or without treatment with low-dose aspirin or treatment with aspirin alone in preventing further thrombotic events.
Safety of once-daily budesonide inhalation suspension (Pulmicort RespulesS) in infants aged 6 to 12 months*1
Authors: W.E. Berger, P.Y. Qaqundah, K. Blake, J. Rodriguez-Santana, A. Irani, J. Xu, M. Goldman
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2004)
Development of 50 malaria drugs is under threat unless funding expands
Authors: G. Rughani
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Spending on malaria research and development increased fivefold in the 16 years to 2009, the independent non-profit research group, Policy Cures, has found. 

If the current level of funding, which stood at $612m (£380m; €422m) in 2009, is modestly increased, the goals of the Roll Back Malaria Partnership for control, treatment, and elimination of malaria could be met in the next six years.

Policy Cures says that there are currently more than 48 malaria drugs in the pipeline, and warns that if funding declines, these drugs may be lost.

The Roll Back Malaria (RBM) partnership was launched by the World Health Organization, Unicef, the United Nations Development Programme, and the World Bank, in 1998 to coordinate the action against malaria. The report by Policy Cures is the most detailed study to date about …
Clinical Judgment and Computers
Authors: Marsden S. Blois
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1980)

Abstract The increasingly frequent application of formal methods, including algorithms and computer programs, to processes that are ordinarily viewed as judgmental seems to be a source of both promise and unease for physicians. A consideration of some of these methods suggests that it may be helpful to attempt to distinguish carefully between judgment and computation. Medical care involves a complex of inferential processes, any of which may be performed as judgments, and some of which may be carried out as a computation. My purpose here is to identify the latter cases. The empirical evidence suggests that such a demarcation is feasible. The most important question appears not to be "Where can we use computers?" but "Where must we use human beings?" Until this matter is more thoroughly explored, tension between physicians and computer advocates will persist. (N Engl J Med. 1980; 303:192–7.)
CELL PROLIFERATION RESPONSE TO SULFHYDRYL IN MAMMALS
Authors: F. S. Hammett, S. P. Reimann
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1929)

These experiments establish the fact that the sulfhydryl group is stimulative of cell proliferation in mammals as in lower organisms. The fact that the stimulation is exhibited in such a wide diversity of species including both plants and animals is justification for the belief that it is the expression of a fundamental biological phenomenon. The literature and discussion of the subject are to be found in the papers cited.
Financing Basic Research at the Community Level: A Review Model
Authors: Rudolph J. Napodano, James L. Wittliff
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1976)

Letters1 February 1976Financing Basic Research at the Community Level: A Review ModelRUDOLPH J. NAPODANO, M.D., F.A.C.P., JAMES L. WITTLIFF, PH.D.RUDOLPH J. NAPODANO, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, JAMES L. WITTLIFF, PH.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-84-2-177 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptOur review model unites the expertise and recommendations of a scientist of national reputation in the same area as the proposal with that of local investigators to accomplish these goals: [1] recognizing proposals with the most scientific merit and potential; [2] identifying the true beginning investigator; and [3] addressing specific research-directed community needs concerning cancer. When these criteria are met, we insure for the local consumer proper use of dollars earmarked for investigation.Local efforts toward cancer control are sponsored by the Monroe County Cancer and Leukemia Association (MCCLA), Rochester, New York. This voluntary agency, which maintains its affiliation with... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 February 1976Volume 84, Issue 2Page: 177-178KeywordsScientists ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 February 1976 PDF downloadLoading ...
Proceedings: Extracellular release of cathepsin D from cells in human normal and rheumatoid.
Authors: A R Poole, R M Hembry, J T Dingle, I Pinder, E F Ring, J Cosh
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1974)

Heberden Society 405 a higher proportion of the aldimine crosslinks than the centre of the plaque, and, furthermore, the proportion was considerably reduced in inactive scleroderma pat- ients.The presence of these aldimine crosslinks establishes that new collagen is being laid down in the skin of sclerodermatous patients.Cleavage of the crosslinks stabilizing the collagen fibre may relieve the symptoms by softening the skin.D-penicillamine is capable of cleaving the aldimine cross- links of newly formed collagen but not the stable cross- links of mature collagen.Clearly, D-penicillamine will only be effective on active scieroderma, and previous conflicting evidence on the value of this drug may be partly due to a failure to differentiate its effects on mature and immature collagen.In addition, in vitro tissue culture studies on sclerodermatous skin have shown a partial inhibition of collagen synthesis in the presence of D- penicillamine (Herbert, Jayson, Bailey, and Lindberg, 1974).Two patients with active scleroderma were treated with D-penicillamine (1-5 g/day) and followed with sequential biopsies over 9 months.In both cases a significant decrease in the proportion of aldimine cross links was observed, together with a definite improvement in the clinical manifest- ations of the disease.
431. In Utero CNS Delivery of an Integrating HSV-1 Amplicon Vector Leads to Prolonged, Neuron-Specific Gene Expression
Authors: William J. Bowers, Michael A. Mastrangelo, Ann E. Casey, Hilary A. Southerland, Kathleen A. Maguire-Zeiss, Howard J. Federoff
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)