tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Color Atlas and Textbook of Tissue and Cellular Pathology
Authors: Milton G. Bohrod
Journal: JAMA (1967)

This well-conceived and beautifully executed book on histo- and cytopathology comes to us as a welcome reminder that the death of anatomic pathology has been all too prematurely proclaimed. By extending the range of changes into the realm of electron microscopy it proves the falsity of the claim that there is nothing new in morphology. By adopting the format of an atlas rather than a systematic textbook it makes the assimilation of histologic changes pleasant and easy. The atlas allows for attention to minute detail, without which histopathology can hardly be taught adequately. It also allows excursions into differential diagnosis, aided by charts, tables, and black-and-white sketches of the utmost simplicity and clarity. Especially good, both in themselves and because they are not easily found elsewhere, are the tables of staining reactions and of the elements of electron microscopy. According to the author, the book is meant for medical students
Measurement of Health Status in Diabetic Patients: Diabetes Impact Measurement Scales
Authors: G Steven Hammond, Thomas T Aoki
Journal: Diabetes Care (1992)

Objective To develop an instrument to measure health status in adult insulin-dependent (type I) and non-insulin-dependent (type II) diabetic patients. Research Design and Methods Correlative study to examine psychometric properties of the questionnaire. Test-retest reliability, item-scale correlations, principal-components analysis, correlations with global clinical ratings, and correlations with clinical data extracted from medical records were examined at the diabetes clinics at the University of California, Davis, Medical Center. Patients were volunteer clinic patients able to complete the questionnaire. One hundred thirty patients completed a first administration of the questionnaire, and 52 completed a second administration. Results Test-retest reliability was satisfactory. Item-scale correlations showed that 40 of 44 questionnaire items were highly correlated with subscale and total scale scores. Principal-components analysis identified one major factor measured by the questionnaire. Cronbach's α, a measure of the scales' internal consistency, was of satisfactory magnitude. Global ratings of clinical status by patients and clinicians were highly correlated with scale scores. Correlations of scale scores with clinical data were generally of low magnitude but, where significant, were consistently in the direction hypothesized if the scale truly measures health status or disease impact. Conclusions The Diabetes Impact Management Scales (DIMS) is an easily administered questionnaire with internal consistency and test-retest reliability. Preliminary correlative analyses support the validity of the instrument as a measure of health status in adult type I and type II diabetic patients. Further work will be necessary to firmly establish the validity of the DIMS and its usefulness in clinical outcomes research.
Structural, genomic, and phylogenetic analysis of Lian, a novel family of non-LTR retrotransposons in the yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti
Authors: Z. Tu, J. Isoe, J. A. Guzova
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (1998)

A retrotransposon named Lian-Aa1 was discovered in an intron of an AaHR3-1 gene of the yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti. This retrotransposon contained a long open reading frame with 1,219 amino acids that included endonuclease, reverse transcriptase, and RNase H domains. It was shown that in the Rock strain of Ae. aegypti, there were up to 1,380 copies of Lian elements, equivalent to 0.8% of the entire genome. Five additional copies of Lian elements were isolated, mapped by restriction digestion, and partially sequenced. The 5' and 3' ends of the Lian family were determined by comparing the terminal sequences of the six copies and were subsequently confirmed by the identification of putative target duplications flanking Lian-Aa1 and Lian-Aa2. The Lian family is likely a novel family of non-long-terminal-repeat (non-LTR) retrotransposons that terminate in a repeat of (CTGA-TAC)2. On average, the six copies of Lian elements showed only 0.6% sequence divergence at the nucleotide level in both a 735-bp region at the 5' end and a 1,124-bp coding region. Genomic Southern blots also revealed a very high degree of similarity among hundreds of Lian elements, suggesting very recent activity of Lian. Furthermore, all six analyzed Lian elements were closely associated with one or more different families of repetitive elements. It is possible that these associations could reflect the complex relationship between Lian elements and the rest of the Ae. aegypti genome. Phylogenetic analyses based on the reverse transcriptase, domains of 36 non-LTR retrotransposons including Lian-Aa1 identified five major subgroups that were supported by bootstrap replications. In contrast to the majority of non-LTR retrotransposons, Lian-Aa1 has an RNase H domain that is similar to a few other non-LTR retrotransposons and some retroviruses, which is consistent with the previously proposed independent assortment of different domains during the evolution of retroelements.
The Oath of the Healer
Authors: Louis Weinstein
Journal: JAMA (1991)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In the eyes of God and in the presence of my fellow students and teachers, I at this most solemn time in my life do freely take this Oath, whereby I shall pledge to myself and all others the manner in which I shall live the rest of my days. I shall be ever grateful to my teachers who have planted the seeds of knowledge, which I shall nurture forever. I thank them for allowing me to see the importance of learning and realize that lifelong study is critically important to becoming a Healer. I realize that on this day, I become a physician for all eternity. I shall strive to be a person of good will, high moral character, and impeccable conduct. I shall learn to love my fellow man as much as I have learned to love the art of healing. I shall always act
The order of islet microvascular cellular perfusion is B----A----D in the perfused rat pancreas.
Authors: E Samols, J I Stagner, R B Ewart, V Marks
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1988)

In order to determine whether microvascular blood flow is important in the regulation of intra-islet cellular interactions, rat pancreata were isolated and perfused in vitro, both anterogradely or retrogradely, with and without anti-insulin or anti-somatostatin gamma-globulin. Expressed as percent change, anterograde infusion of insulin antibody increased efflux concentrations of glucagon (110 +/- 20%, P less than 0.0005) and somatostatin (2,112 +/- 73%, P less than 0.0005) above their respective control. Retrograde infusion of insulin antibody did not affect efflux concentrations of glucagon (P less than 0.50) or somatostatin (P less than 0.50). The anterograde infusion of anti-somatostatin antibody had no effect upon insulin (P less than 0.50) or glucagon (P less than 0.50) efflux concentrations, whereas retrograde anti-somatostatin antibody infusion produced immediate increases in efflux concentrations of both insulin (115 +/- 33%, P less than 0.0005) and glucagon (77 +/- 8%, P less than 0.0005). These results strongly suggest that (a) the vascular compartment is important in the regulation of intra-islet cellular interactions and further suggest that (b) the order of islet cellular perfusion and interaction is from the B cell core outward to the mantle, and (c) the mantle is further subordered with the majority of D cells downstream or distal to the majority of A cells. Thus, in the vascular compartment, B cells inhibit A-cell secretion and A cells stimulate D-cell secretion.
Iron overload facilitates hepatic fibrosis in the rat alcohol/low-dose carbon tetrachloride model
Authors: Malcolm Mackinnon, Cindy Clayton, John Plummer, Michael Ahern, Patricia Cmielewski, Anthony Ilsley, Pauline Hall
Journal: Hepatology (1995)

The role of iron deposition in initiating hepatic fibrosis in iron overload disorders is not clearly established, and it is becoming increasingly recognized that iron may be interacting with other potential liver-damaging agents. The authors therefore examined the interplay of iron and alcohol in rats administered subtoxic doses of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) vapor at 20 ppm in customized chambers. At birth, the offspring of seven pregnant Porton rats were divided into two groups: one group was fed a normal rat chow diet and the other a diet supplemented with 3% (w/w) carbonyl iron for 10 weeks after weaning. In this latter group, the mothers were fed an iron supplement while breastfeeding. At 10 weeks, the animals from the first group (normal chow) were divided into two groups of six animals and fed a Lieber-DeCarli liquid diet with daily exposure to CCl4 vapor: group 1, liquid diet+CCl4; group 2, liquid diet+alcohol 150 kcal/l+CCl4. The animals from the second iron-supplemented group were divided into two groups of six animals and fed a liquid diet with 3% (w/v) carbonyl iron and exposed to CCl4 vapor for 10 weeks: group 3, liquid diet+iron+CCl4; group 4, liquid diet+iron+alcohol supplement+CCl4. Two animals from each group of six had a liver biopsy at 4, 6, and 8 weeks, and all animals were killed after 10 weeks of CCl4 exposure. After the first 10-week iron loading period, the rats fed the carbonyl iron-supplemented diet had a 10-fold elevation in hepatic iron concentration.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
THE DOCTOR'S PART IN BUILDING MORALE SEEN AS STEP TO TOTAL VICTORY
Authors: Paul S. Campbell
Journal: JAMA (1942)

To the Editor:—  InThe Journal, February 21, page 624, an editorial on national morale contains the statement A nation with good morale is one with enthusiasm, confidence, teamwork and endurance. Many people like to think that morale is just common sense. However, the building of morale involves psychologic principles and studies of public opinion far beyond anything we have yet attempted in this country. The process of morale building is closely allied to the processes of education. That morale is best built which is built from thousands of small centers in a nation rather than that based on the prestige and power of a few national figures. The chief danger points in the home front are obviously the bickering and arguments which tend to split a nation into small groups, many organized specifically to question national decisions.  The American doctor, with his insight into human nature and enjoying the
Medical charities and prevention
Authors: A. G. Craig
Journal: BMJ (1980)

research or anything else, the public will not give their money.And how can a charity raise money without explaining what it does?Fortunately for the medical research charities in this country, many members of the public who give so generously to these activities seem to take a much more balanced view of the role of research into prevention and treatment or cure than that represented in your leading article.
Effects of a Specific Endothelin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitor on Cardiac, Renal, and Neurohumoral Functions in Congestive Heart Failure
Authors: Atsuyuki Wada, Takayoshi Tsutamoto, Masato Ohnishi, Masahide Sawaki, Daisuke Fukai, Yukiharu Maeda, Masahiko Kinoshita
Journal: Circulation (1999)

Background —Endothelin (ET)-1 is generated from big ET-1 by endothelin-converting enzyme (ECE). Plasma big ET-1 and ET-1 levels are strongly related to survival in patents with congestive heart failure (CHF). Because selective enzymatic processing of ET-1 formation appears to be an important therapeutic target for CHF, we investigated the acute effects of a specific ECE inhibitor on cardiorenal and endocrine functions in CHF compared with those of a selective ETA receptor antagonist. Methods and Results —CHF was induced in beagle dogs by rapid right ventricular pacing (270 bpm, 14 days). Two incremental doses of a specific ECE inhibitor, FR901533, or a selective ETA receptor antagonist, FR139317 (1 and 3 mg/kg, n=8, respectively), were injected into dogs with CHF. FR901533 and FR139317 decreased mean arterial pressure and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure associated with reduction in systemic and pulmonary vascular resistance. These agents increased cardiac output but did not affect left ventricular fractional shortening. FR139317 exerted a greater depressor effect on mean arterial pressure than FR901533 ( P &lt;0.05). These agents decreased plasma atrial natriuretic peptide levels, but only FR901533 decreased plasma renin activity, angiotensin II, and aldosterone levels. Neither agent changed the plasma norepinephrine level despite the fall in blood pressure. These drugs increased the urinary water and sodium excretion rate associated with increases in the glomerular filtration rate and renal plasma flow, and the incremental magnitude induced by FR139317 was larger than that by FR901533 ( P &lt;0.05). Conclusions —An ETA receptor antagonist appeared to induce greater vasodilative effects on systemic and renal vasculature in CHF than an ECE inhibitor. However, the ECE inhibitor reduced the secretion of neurohumoral factors that are activated in proportion to the severity of CHF. Our acute complementary data may support the importance of the role of ECE in CHF and provide a rationale foundation for investigating the usefulness of long-term treatment with ECE inhibitors in CHF.
Trends in prescription of biological agents and outcomes of juvenile idiopathic arthritis: results of the Dutch national Arthritis and Biologics in Children Register
Authors: Marieke H Otten, Janneke Anink, Femke H M Prince, Marinka Twilt, S J Vastert, Rebecca ten Cate, Esther P A H Hoppenreijs, Wineke Armbrust, Simone L Gorter, Philomine A van Pelt, Sylvia S M Kamphuis, Koert M Dolman, Joost F Swart, J Merlijn van den Berg, Yvonne Koopman-Keemink, Marion A J van Rossum, Nico M Wulffraat, Lisette W A van Suijlekom-Smit
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2014)

Treatment of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) has changed dramatically since the introduction of biological agents in 1999.To evaluate trends in prescription patterns of biological agents and the subsequent outcome of JIA.The Arthritis and Biologics in Children register (multicentre prospective observational study) aimed to include all consecutive patients with JIA in the Netherlands who had started biological agents since 1999. Patients were divided according to year of introduction of first biological agent. Patient characteristics at introduction of the first biological agent and its effectiveness were analysed over 12 years.335 patients with non-systemic JIA and 86 patients with systemic JIA started a biological agent between 1999 and 2010. Etanercept remained the most often prescribed biological agent for non-systemic JIA; anakinra became first choice for systemic JIA. The use of systemic glucocorticoids and synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs before biological agents decreased. During these 12 years of observation, biological agents were prescribed earlier in the disease course and to patients with lower baseline JADAS (Juvenile Arthritis Disease Activity Score) disease activity. All baseline disease activity parameters were lowered in patients with non-systemic JIA. In systemic JIA, prescription patterns changed towards very early introduction of biological agents (median 0.4 years of disease duration) in patients with a low number of joints with active arthritis and high erythrocyte sedimentation rates. These changes for both systemic and non-systemic JIA resulted in more patients with inactive disease after 3 and 15 months of treatment.Biological agents are increasingly prescribed, earlier in the disease and in patients with JIA with lower disease activity. These changes are accompanied by better short-term disease outcomes.
Theatre: Cure: A darkly humorous look at life on the edge
Authors: J. Beadle
Journal: BMJ (2000)

IOU Theatre Company 

Viaduct Theatre, Halifax, 23 November to 2 December (for dates in 2001 email iou@globalnet.co.uk)

The unmistakable odour of disinfectant mingles with the chill night air as we descend into the subterranean vaults of the theatre. Smell is the first of our senses to be awakened and stirred during Cure , a new large scale event from one of Britain's most distinctive theatre companies.

During the past 24 years IOU's work has been characterised by its stunning visual imagery, mechanical inventions, and …
Overriding a Cancer Gene
Authors: Joan Stephenson
Journal: JAMA (2002)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Clonal analysis of T lymphocytes in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Evidence for an abnormality affecting individual helper and suppressor T cells.
Authors: J B Margolick, D J Volkman, H C Lane, A S Fauci
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1985)

Purified helper-inducer (T4+) and suppressor-cytotoxic (T8+) lymphocytes from eight patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and eight healthy heterosexual donors were examined by limiting dilution analysis for their ability to be clonally expanded. It was demonstrated that viable T4+ and T8+ lymphocytes from patients with AIDS had markedly reduced proportions of clonable cells compared to the healthy donors (T4 = 1:255 vs. 1:34, P = 0.06; T8 = 1:355 vs. 1:55, P = 0.01). However, the cloned T cells that were obtained from the patients with AIDS demonstrated normal proliferation in response to phytohemagglutinin and alloantigen, and normal ability to help or suppress pokeweed mitogen-driven IgG synthesis. These results strongly suggest that, in addition to a quantitative diminution of T4+ lymphocytes in AIDS, there is an intrinsic functional defect in the surviving T4+ and T8+ lymphocytes, which is reflected by a severe decrease in their potential for clonal expansion.
Anticonvulsants and thyroid function.
Authors: P P Yeo, D Bates, J G Howe, W A Ratcliffe, C W Schardt, A Heath, D C Evered
Journal: BMJ (1978)

Serum total and free thyroid hormone concentrations were estimated in 42 patients with epilepsy taking anticonvulsants (phenytoin, phenobarbitone, and carbamazepine either singly or in combination). There was a significant reduction in total thyroxine (TT4), free thyroxine (FT4), and free triiodothyronine (FT3) in the treated group compared with controls. Free hormone concentrations were lower than total hormone concentrations, suggesting that increased clearance of thyroid hormones occurs in patients receiving anticonvulsants. Detailed analysis indicated that phenytoin had a significant depressant effect on TT4, FT4, FT3, and reverse T3 (rT3). Phenobarbitone and carbamazepine had no significant main effects, but there were significant interactions between phenytoin and carbamazepine for TT4 and FT4. phenobarbitone and carbamazepine for FT3, and phenytoin and phenobarbitone for rT3.
The Dangerousness of Female Patients: A Comparison of the Arrest Rate of Discharged Psychiatric Patients and the General Population
Authors: JONAS R. RAPPEPORT, GEORGE LASSEN
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1966)

Women with a history of psychiatric hospitalization are more likely to be arrested for aggressive assault than are women in the general population, according to this study of arrest rates in the state of Maryland. Arrest records were compiled for the five years preceding and following discharge of all women hospitalized and discharged in the state during the fiscal years 1947 and 1957. Other comparisons revealed that pre- and post-hospitalization arrest rates were not significantly different, and there were no differences between the 1947 and 1957 groups that might reflect the use of the newer treatment techniques of the 1950s.
Proposal for Assuring Technology Competency and Leadership in Medicine
Authors: W. T. McGivney
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1992)

The  proposal advanced by Friedman and McCabe in this issue of the Journal (7) that All third-party payers of health care (private and public) should cover the clinical care costs (within the financial agreements of policy provisions) but not the research costs associated with patient participation in National Cancer Institute (NCI)-sponsored therapeutic clinical trials can be an acceptable one. It can be acceptable because, as the authors point out, the involved constituents share one basic goal: to define the probabilities that a particular treatment will be safe and effective. At present, the nation's health care community is failing to meet this objective for many new treatments critical to patients in need. To become acceptable and to achieve the stated common goal, the modest proposal must at once be expanded and components within the proposal at hand must be more narrowly defined. This editorial briefly describes the needed elaboration and details specific modifications to the proposal that would permit it to be subsumed within a new, efficient, and expeditious system for the introduction and diffusion of health care technologies.
Prevalence of the Metabolic Syndrome Among U.S. Workers
Authors: Evelyn P. Davila, Hermes Florez, Lora E. Fleming, David J. Lee, Elizabeth Goodman, William G. LeBlanc, Alberto J. Caban-Martinez, Kristopher L. Arheart, Kathryn E. McCollister, Sharon L. Christ, John C. Clark, Tainya Clarke
Journal: Diabetes Care (2010)

Differences in the prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and its risk factors among occupational groups have been found in several studies. Certain types of workers (such as shift workers) may have a greater risk for metabolic syndrome, a precursor of CVD. The objective of this study was to assess the differences in prevalence and risk of metabolic syndrome among occupational groups using nationally representative data of U.S. workers.