tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
551. Enhanced Immune Stimulation and Antigen Presentation of i.m. Injected Plasmid DNA Vaccines by Electroporation
Authors: Baowei Peng, Yonggang Zhao, Yuhong Xu
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2004)

The immunogenecity of intramuscularly injected plasmid DNA vaccine can be greatly enhanced by in vivo electroporation. We investigated the possible mechanism of the immune potentiation effect. Severe tissue damage in TA muscles with broken perimysium and edomysium were observed after electroporation, which facilitated DNA distribution and cell permeation. There was a process of necrosis/apoptosis in the TA muscles as shown by the activation of several stress and toxicity related genes including Caspase-8, Caspase-1, MT2 and cytochrome P450. Many chemokines and chemokine receptors gene expression were also activated. The pathological changes and molecular level alteration of gene expression in the TA muscles recruited heavy infiltration of mononuclear cells, which were shown to distribute in the space between transgene (GFP) expressing muscle fibers. Macrophages were present in abundance in the muscles as early as 3 days after electroporation, and were observed through out our study to day 21. But only a few DC cells were present at day 14 and day 21. Based on those observations, we hypothesize that the infiltrating macrophages are responsible for cross-presentation of antigen from transfected muscle fibers to T cells. Indeed, we observed T cells activation in the draining LN by chemokines and receptors cDNA array, with enhanced expression of CXCR-1, CXCR-2, CCR-1, CCR-3, CCR-4, CCR-7, CCR-8, CCR-9 and Cmkbr1l2 genes. CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were observed to appear in the muscle at as early as day 5, peak between day 7 and day 14, but disappear at day 21 by immunohistochemistry analysis. Full recovery of the muscle fibers was found at day 28 after electroporation, with center nucleated regenerated muscle cells and eliminated inflammatory cell infiltrates.
948. Regression of Established Melanoma Tumors through Intratumoral Delivery of HIV-1 Vpr Using In Vivo Electroporation
Authors: Andrea N. McCray, Chuanhai Cao, Karuppiah Muthumani, David B. Weiner, Kenneth Ugen, Richard Heller
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2004)

Melanoma is an aggressive form of skin cancer. Effective treatment of this disease requires the development of new therapeutic strategies. One promising strategy is treatment of the tumor with a plasmid encoding for Vpr (pVpr). The Vpr gene is one of several accessory genes of the HIV-1 genome. Previous studies have shown that the Vpr protein plays a role in various functions: localization to the nucleus; induction of G2 arrest; induction of apoptosis; and influence on tumor growth. In vivo electroporation was used in order to efficiently deliver the plasmid. This delivery procedure has been shown to be safe and effective when delivering plasmids encoding for other proteins with therapeutic potential. In this study, we examined the ability of electroporation-mediated delivery of pVpr to induce tumor regression in C57Bl/6 mice containing B16.F10 melanomas. Treatment was performed on tumors 45-70 cubic millimeters in size. One hundred microgram pVpr or saline was delivered directly to the tumor depending on the treatment group. Immediately following the injection, the established B16 tumor was electroporated using the parameters of 1500 V/cm, 100 us 6 pulses. Tumors were treated daily with this regimen for 8 days. By day 11 post treatment, 20% of the mice treated once a day had complete tumor regression. By day 15 post treatment, 80% of the mice treated once a day had complete tumor regression. This study demonstrates that daily treatment with 100 ug Vpr plasmid plus electroporation for 8 days leads to tumor regression in a high percentage of mice as well as a long duration of tumor regression past day 100 post treatment, which is considered a benchmark for a cure. The study is being continued to evaluate the potential mechanism of the response and whether the treated mice are resistant to tumor challenge.
ALLERGIC CONTACT DERMATITIS FROM SESQUITERPENOIDS OF PLANTS.
Authors: J. C. MITCHELL, G. DUPUIS, T. A. GEISSMAN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1972)

Summary.— By patch testing cross‐sensitivity was not observed between the sesquiterpene lactone, alantolactone (from Inula) and ilicic acid, which is an unsaturated sesquiterpenoid lacking a lactone ring (from Ambrosia) and α‐methylene‐γ‐butyrolactone (from Tulipa) which is the simplest structure containing the grouping that is characteristic of the active compounds; and protolichesterinic acid (from the lichen Cetraria) which is an unsaturated lactonic acid. Some 50 additional potentially allergenic sesquiterpene lactones derived from plants are listed from the families, Compositae, Lauraceae, and Magnoliaceae; some lactones from the family Umbelliferae are also listed.
Dysfunction of Bileaflet Aortic Prosthesis
Authors: Manuela Muratori, Piero Montorsi, Francesco Maffessanti, Giovanni Teruzzi, William A. Zoghbi, Paola Gripari, Gloria Tamborini, Sarah Ghulam Ali, Laura Fusini, Cesare Fiorentini, Mauro Pepi
Journal: JACC. Cardiovascular imaging (2013)
Antiproliferative Activity of a Pregnancy Recognition Hormone, Ovine Trophoblast Protein-1
Authors: Carol H. Pontzer, Fuller W. Bazer, Howard M. Johnson
Journal: Cancer Research (1991)

Ovine trophoblast protein-1 (oTP-1) is the alpha-interferon (IFN alpha) variant, secreted by conceptuses and referred to as type I trophoblast interferon, that is responsible for maternal recognition of pregnancy in sheep. We have previously shown that oTP-1 is as potent an antiviral agent as any known IFN. IFNs also possess anticellular activity and are, in fact, used in cancer therapy and have been found to be effective in the treatment of cancer such as myelogenous and hairy cell leukemias. A significant problem with the currently used IFNs is the undesirable side effect of toxicity at high concentrations. In this study, we examined the anticellular activity and toxicity of oTP-1. It inhibited proliferation but did not exhibit toxicity at high concentrations, unlike known IFN alpha S. In an anticellular assay using colony formation of both the human amnionic line, WISH, and the bovine epithelial line, MDBK, oTP-1 inhibited both colony size and number. oTP-1 was as effective as human and bovine IFN alpha s on human and bovine cells, respectively; thus, it displays potent cross-species activity. Its activity was dose dependent, and inhibition of proliferation could be observed at concentrations as low as 1 unit/ml. Concentrations as high as 50,000 units/ml stopped proliferation, while viability was not impaired. Cell cycle analysis revealed an increased proportion of cells in S phase and a corresponding decreased proportion of cells in G2/M after 48 h of oTP-1 treatment. Therefore, oTP-1 appears to inhibit progress of cells through S phase. oTP-1 antiproliferative effects can be observed as early as 12 h after after the initiation of culture and are maintained through 6 days. Thus, oTP-1 exhibits potent anticellular activity without toxicity across species and may have therapeutic potential as an antitumor agent without the toxic effects generally associated with IFNs.
Combination chemoimmunotherapy in a pancreatic cancer model.
Authors: Kenneth W. Hance, Connie J. Rogers, David A. Zaharoff, Jeffrey Schlom, John W. Greiner
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Proc Amer Assoc Cancer Res, Volume 47, 2006

5580 

With a 5-year survival rate of only 4%, pancreatic cancer is one of the most aggressive malignancies known. Despite intensive research efforts, the current front-line therapy for pancreatic cancer remains limited to gemcitabine and 5-fluorouracil. The minimal response rate of pancreatic patients to chemotherapeutic agents has underscored the need to develop alternative approaches for intervention of this disease. Preclinical and clinical studies have indicated that interferons have the ability to upregulate tumor associated antigens, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) surface molecules, and other molecules that may make tumor cells more susceptible to vaccine mediated T cell attack. The present study was designed to assess the role that recombinant interferon-alpha (IFN-α) may play in suppressing growth and/or altering cell surface antigen expression in an experimental murine pancreatic tumor model. The murine pancreatic tumor cell line, Panc02.CEA, shares many characteristics with human pancreatic tumors: 1) low cell surface expression (  95%) of the human tumor-associated antigen, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). Despite the inability of IFN-α to effectively inhibit Panc02 cell growth in-vitro, titrating doses of IFN-α (0-500 IU/mL, 48 hrs.) upregulated MHC (H-2b) expression on the Panc02 cell surface in a dose-dependent manner. In a 2 × 2 factorial designed study, CEA transgenic mice with established subcutaneous Panc02.CEA tumors were treated as follows: 1) untreated (controls), 2) IFN-α (50K IU/mouse/injection, s.q., 3X/week), 3) gemcitabine (150 mg/kg/mouse, i.p., 2X/week), or 4) the combination of IFN-α and gemcitabine. Relative to the control mice in group 1, tumor growth was inhibited in groups 2, 3, and 4 by 46%, 41%, and 61%, respectively, following two weeks of treatment. A higher percentage of CD3+ and, specifically CD3+CD8+, tumor infiltrating lymphocytes was observed in tumor-bearing mice treated with IFN-α but not the combination of IFN-α and gemcitabine. Additionally, a greater number of CD3+ T cells were found in the draining lymph nodes (inguinal, sacral, and popliteal) of tumor-bearing mice treated with IFN-α. The tumor growth inhibition observed with IFN-α, in-vivo, cannot be explained by its direct effect on tumor growth in-vitro, suggesting that host immune anti-tumor responses could be induced by virtue of the upregulation of MHC class I expression on the Panc02 cell surface of IFN-α treated mice. We hypothesize that upregulation of MHC class I expression enhances the sensitivity of tumor cells to immune-based interventions and we will test this hypothesis in future studies in which IFN-α will be combined with antigen-specific cancer vaccines. These results may provide the framework for future preclinical studies of an immune-based approach to pancreatic cancer treatment.
Abstract P386: Pre-hospitalization Medication Use in Black and White Medicare Beneficiaries Hospitalized With Heart Failure
Authors: Emily B Levitan, Melissa K Van Dyke, Ligong Chen, Meredith L Kilgore, Todd M Brown, Raegan W Durant, Monika M Safford
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Background: Guidelines for treatment of heart failure (HF) with reduced ejection fraction recommend use of β-blockers, angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), aldosterone antagonists, diuretics, digoxin, and, for blacks, the combination of hydralazine and isosorbide dinitrate. Race-specific treatment guidelines, differences in pathophysiology, comorbidities, and contraindications, and patient and provider preferences may result in differential use of these medications in blacks and whites with HF. Objectives: To examine differences in pre-hospitalization medication use among black and white Medicare beneficiaries hospitalized for HF. Methods: Medicare beneficiaries with fee-for-service and pharmacy coverage who had HF hospitalizations (inpatient claims for ≥1 overnight stay with HF as the primary discharge diagnosis, discharged alive) between 2007 and 2011 were identified in the Medicare national 5% sample. More than 98% of Medicare beneficiaries hospitalized for HF had prior inpatient or outpatient diagnoses of HF. Characteristics and medication use in the year prior to hospitalization were assessed through Medicare data. We compared pre-hospitalization medication use between black and white beneficiaries in the overall population with HF (n = 42,721) and in the subpopulation with documented systolic dysfunction (n = 9,702) with a χ 2 test. Results: Use of β-blockers and aldosterone antagonist was similar between blacks and whites ( Table ). Blacks were more likely to use ACE inhibitors, ARBs, and hydralazine. Whites were more likely to use diuretics and digoxin. Results were consistent when the population was limited to those with documented systolic dysfunction. Conclusions: Blacks were as likely as or more likely than whites to receive pharmacologic heart failure therapies with the exception of diuretics, which were none the less commonly used, and digoxin. Additional research is needed to determine the causes and implications of these differences.
Film: Hollywood hails a tobacco whistleblower
Authors: C. Douglas
Journal: BMJ (1999)

The Insider , directed by Michael Mann, from Touchstone Pictures. On general release in north America

The Insider , from Disney's Touchstone Pictures, tells the story of how Jeffrey Wigand (played by Russell Crowe), a former executive of Brown and Williamson Tobacco, blew the whistle on the company's knowledge about the addictive properties of cigarettes. The other key player in the story is Lowell Bergman (Al Pacino), a television producer on the programme 60 Minutes , who helped persuade Wigand to tell his story. The film tells how the corporate brass at the CBS television network persuaded Bergman's bosses, including the celebrated correspondent Mike Wallace (Christopher Plummer), to kill the story, only to permit its resurrection after a nasty internal battle.

The drama revolves around Bergman's efforts to persuade Wigand to speak publicly about Brown and Williamson's knowledge of nicotine addiction, its manipulation of the drug, and its refusal to remove a carcinogenic substance from its …
Prevalence and predictors of posttraumatic stress disorder in adult survivors of childhood cancer: A report from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study
Authors: M. Stuber, K. Meeske, B. Zebrack, K. Krull, K. Stratton, W. Leisenring, L. Robison, L. Zeltzer
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

CRA10002 The full, final text of this abstract will be available in Part II of the 2009 ASCO Annual Meeting Proceedings, distributed onsite at the Meeting on May 30, 2009, and as a supplement to the June 20, 2009, issue of the Journal of Clinical Oncology. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Abstract 12701: Sex Differences in Characteristics, Treatments, and Outcomes Among Patients With ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction from 2001 to 2011: Insights From the China PEACE-Retrospective Study
Authors: Xue Du, Erica S Spatz, Rachel P Dreyer, Shuang Hu, Xi Li, Jing Li, Sisi Wang, Khurram Nasir, John A Spertus, Frederick A Masoudi, Harlan M Krumholz, Lixin Jiang
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Introduction: Studies in the U.S. and Europe suggest important sex differences in the care and outcomes of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Little is known about sex-based differences in characteristics, treatments, and outcomes of patients with AMI in China, a country in which cardiovascular disease in women is just emerging. Methods: We evaluated a nationally representative sample of 11,986 patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) admitted to 162 randomly sampled Chinese hospitals in 2001, 2006, and 2011. Results: Over time, the proportion of women remained relatively unchanged (30% in 2011). Compared with men, women were older (median age 71 vs. 63 years, P 12h: 53.2% vs. 48.7%, P<0.001). Among eligible patients, fewer women received evidence-based therapies than men, including reperfusion therapy (44.2% vs. 57.5%, P<0.001) (Figure 2), early aspirin (85.9% ...
Independent relationship of left atrial size and mortality in patients with heart failure: An individual patient meta-analysis of longitudinal data
Authors: A. Rossi, P. L. Temporelli, M. Quintana, F. Dini, S. Ghio, Graham Hillis, A. Klein, N. A. Marsan, D. Prior, C. M. Yu, K. K. Poppe, R. Doughty, G. A. Whalley
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2009)
Regulation of Dietary Supplements
Authors: Joy Joseph, David Kropp, David Madsen, Steven Yannicelli
Journal: JAMA (2004)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract 2869: A three-protein cytokine signature that correlates with the prognosis of osteosarcoma
Authors: Ricardo J. Flores, Yiting Li, Aaron Kelly, Ching Lau, Tsz-Kwon Man
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common malignant bone tumor in pediatrics. Despite the use of surgery and chemotherapy, the survival rate of patients who develop a metastatic disease or a poor response towards the chemotherapy remains dismal. Identification of novel biomarkers for early prognostication will facilitate risk-based stratification before the treatment is initiated, so that the high-risk patients can be treated more appropriately to increase their chance of survival. Others and we have previously reported that cytokines and chemokines were implicated in OS. In this study, we employed highly sensitive Luminex beads assays to investigate 90 cytokines/chemokines and receptors on a cohort of 40 OS plasma samples collected at diagnosis from the Texas Children's Hospital. The protein expression data were analysed to identify candidate biomarkers that correlate with the chemotherapy response, initial metastatic status, and overall survival. Then, the candidates were validated in a large set of 250 serum samples obtained from the Children's Oncology Group. Our results show that a three-protein signature consisting of CXCL9, CXCL10 and CXCL11, all ligands of the CXCR3 receptor, is significantly associated with survival. Interestingly, the CXCR3-axis has been previously implicated in an OS mouse model, but its role in human is still not known. Hence, the next step is to validate these prognostic biomarkers in an independent cohort of OS patient samples. In addition, we will test the expression of these molecules and their receptor in tumor samples to identify potential therapeutic targets. In summary, we characterized the expression of circulating cytokines/chemokines in osteosarcoma samples and identified candidate prognostic biomarkers that are linked to the CXCR3-axis. A further study of these molecules may allow us to develop a biomarker approach for early prognostication and a novel therapeutic approach for treating high-risk OS. Citation Format: Ricardo J. Flores, Yiting Li, Aaron Kelly, Ching Lau, Tsz-Kwon Man. A three-protein cytokine signature that correlates with the prognosis of osteosarcoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 2869. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-2869
Abstract 10: Lipid Biomarkers Predict the Effect of Hormone Therapy on Coronary Heart Disease Risk: A Secondary Analysis of the Heart and Estrogen/Progestin Replacement Study
Authors: Patti Curl
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Introduction: Two large randomized trials (HERS and WHI) showed that among postmenopausal women, combined estrogen and progestin hormone therapy (HT) use does not on average reduce the incidence of coronary heart disease (CHD). Previous analyses have suggested baseline Lp(a) and LDL cholesterol modify the effect of HT on CHD risk.

Hypothesis: Stratifying women based on a combination of their baseline Lp(a) and LDL levels may identify women whose CHD risk is likely to increase or decrease from the use of HT.

Methods: We performed subgroup analyses by baseline LDL and Lp(a) levels of the effect of HT on CHD in HERS. Prior to the development of risk categories, we randomly split the HERS study population (n=2763) into equal-sized derivation and validation cohorts. In the derivation cohort, we assessed how 10-point differences in baseline LDL and Lp(a) concentrations influenced the effect of HT on CHD risk. Based on these observations, we created criteria for categorizing patients into four risk categories then tested the categories in the validation cohort.

Results: In the validation cohort, for patients meeting benefit criteria, average risk criteria, and increased risk criteria, the hazard ratios (HR) for HT on CHD events were 0.55, 0.76, and 1.83 respectively. A subset of the increased risk group meeting the contraindication criteria showed a HR for HT on CHD of 5.3 and a number needed to treat to cause one CHD event of four.

Conclusions: There appears to be a population with substantially increased risk of CHD from HT. There also appears to be a population who benefits from HT as secondary prevention for CHD. There may be clinical utility in testing lipid levels before initiating HT for symptomatic treatment of menopausal symptoms or testing Lp(a) in women with a previous CHD event and offering HT to those who meet the benefit criteria. Investigating whether the decreased risk seen in women who meet the benefit criteria proves to be similar in women without previous CHD could yield valuable information with important public health impact.

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Consensus Panel Recommendations for Treatment of Early Breast Cancer
Authors: B Vastag
Journal: JAMA (2000)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Staphylococcal toxins and the scalded skin syndrome
Authors: S. Ladhani
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2000)

Journal Article Staphylococcal toxins and the scalded skin syndrome Get access S. Ladhani S. Ladhani Kent & Canterbury Hospital, Canterbury, Kent CT1 3NG, U.K. E‐mail: drshamez@aol.com Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 142, Issue 1, 1 January 2000, Pages 195–196, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2000.03279.x Published: 01 January 2000