tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
METALS IN OUR FOOD
Authors: F. B. FLINN
Journal: JAMA (1928)

The question as to what part the metals commonly present in our natural food play in the vital economy of the human organism and whether the small quantities of various metals dissolved from utensils during the cooking process react in different ways is of paramount importance. It is an interesting observation that copper, zinc, manganese, iron and aluminum are to be found in our plant and sea foods in appreciable quantities; that traces of nickel and cobalt are often detected, though only in certain plants, while lead, a recognized toxicant, is practically unknown except when the waters have been contaminated by some industrial plant. Certain observers, notably McHargue, 1 have endeavored to associate zinc, manganese and copper with the vitamins because of their effect in increasing plant growth. Just how these metals function is still a question, although it would seem most probable that they function as catalytic agents. The
Evolving Changes in Medical Certification
Authors: Sanford Meyerowitz
Journal: JAMA (1973)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I was pleased to see the article by Hubbard, "Evaluation, Certification, and Licensure in Medicine: New Directions" (225:401, 1973), that summarized the recent report of the Committee on Goals and Priorities of the National Board of Medical Examiners (NBME). The complete report of the Committee,<i>Evaluation in the Continuum of Medical Education</i>, was published in June 1973 by the National Board of Medical Examiners as a separate pamphlet leaving no public forum to respond to the issues raised and recommendations put forth. Hubbard's condensed version of the report permits wider attention to the document and an opportunity for responses such as this LETTER. While the article asserts that "the new directions that have been outlined by this committee are based on a forecast of the course of medical education over the next decade," there does remain the question of the accuracy of the forecast. Implementation of the
Collapse after oral disopyramide.
Authors: E G Manolas, D Hung, J T Dowling, M Luxton, J K Vohra, G Sloman
Journal: BMJ (1979)

This dramatic but rare fatal complication of mitral valve disease should not be dismissed as a mere academic curiosity.With increasing use of slow-release potassium tablets it may become more common.One of the patients described by Whitney and Croxon died of gastro- intestinal haemorrhage and two of their patients had sufficient dysphagia to need feeding jejunostomies.In view of all this it seems desirable to use effervescent potassium chloride or potassium chloride mixture rather than potassium chloride tablets in patients with chronic mitral valve disease complicated by left atrial dilation.
Efficacy of Divalproex vs Lithium and Placebo in Mania
Authors: Howard M. Kravitz, Jan Fawcett
Journal: JAMA (1994)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —We read with interest the report by Dr Bowden and colleagues<sup>1</sup>on the effectiveness of divalproex sodium compared with lithium and placebo for hospitalized, acutely manic patients. We, too, have observed the therapeutic benefits of this anticonvulsant for refractory bipolar and schizoaffective patients who failed previous trials with lithium and/or carbamazepine.<sup>2</sup> However, we would like to comment on methodological issues that may bear on the interpretation of their findings. First, the lithium group comprised a large group of prior treatment failures; 86% (n=31) of this group had received lithium in the past, and 48% reported ineffectiveness or intolerance. Thus, lithium may be serving as an active placebo rather than as a pharmacologic treatment for many in this group. Furthermore, the lithium group was only half as large as either the placebo group or the divalproex group. Although Bowden et al correctly observe that this smaller
Effect of alfacalcidol on renal bone disease in mild to moderate renal failure
Authors: M. S Mcgregor, P. A Rowe, B. J R Junor
Journal: BMJ (1995)

Use non-invasive dark adaptometry to screen children and adolescents ED1TOR,-N J Watson and colleagues remind readers of the possibility of vitamin A deficiency in patients with gastrointestinal or liver disease.'I am surprised, however, that they do not also mention its possibility in cystic fibrosis.23They suggest measurement of serum vitamin A concentrations and cytological examination of conjunctival specimens, presumably as a screening technique in people at risk.I suggest that dark adaptometry, which is non-invasive, might be more appropriate, particularly in children and adolescents.
SKIN REACTIONS WITH FILTRATE OF KOCH STRAIN OF BACILLUS TUBERCULOSIS
Authors: RUSSELL D. HERROLD
Journal: JAMA (1926)

The so-called Koch strain of the tubercle bacillus is an avirulent culture which gives a profuse growth overnight on the ordinary solid and fluid nutrient mediums. It was thought well to study whether the growth of the bacillus in broth might produce a substance that, injected intracutaneously, would give a skin reaction. The strain used was obtained from Dr. F. G. Novy in Ann Arbor, Mich., who brought it from Dr. Koch's laboratory in 1888. It was originally a virulent strain. Transplants from solid medium were made into nutrient broth containing 0.1 per cent dextrose and 0.1 per cent dibasic sodium phosphate in place of the sodium chloride of the ordinary broth. A four day growth was passed through Berkefeld N filters, and the filtrate diluted with physiologic sodium chloride solution for skin tests. Skin reactions were obtained in normal adult persons in dilutions up to 1: 50 injected intracutaneously
A conversation with Thomas Südhof
Authors: Ushma S. Neill
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2013)

The simple fact that you can understand the words on this page, and that you might remember any of this interview tomorrow, is thanks to the simultaneous and precise coordination of communication between the billions of neurons in your brain and peripheral nervous system. Herein, the JCI speaks with Thomas Sudhof (Figure ​(Figure1)1) of Stanford University, who has been at the center of unlocking the secrets of neurotransmission. His work over the last 30 years has elucidated much of what we know about the molecular mechanisms of neurotransmission in synaptic signaling. For this body of work, Sudhof has recently shared in the 2013 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine and the 2013 Albert Lasker Basic Medical Research Award. The full interview can be seen on the JCI website, http://www.jci.org/kiosk/cgm.
Case 73-1963
Authors: H. Walter Jones, Richard B. Cohen
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1963)

Presentation of CaseA sixty-year-old man entered the hospital because of weakness.The patient had been in good health until he began to lose weight four years previously. A year later polyuria, polydipsia and polyphagia developed in association with pneumonia, and a diagnosis of diabetes mellitus was made; the glucose levels were satisfactorily controlled with chlorpropamide, 250 mg. daily. Six months before entry ankle edema appeared and responded poorly to the administration of diuretics; because of more marked hyperglycemia the medication was changed to phenformin, 75 mg. daily. Subsequently, repeated episodes of hypoglycemia accompanied by severe fatigue required frequent adjustment . . .
Stepwise Recruitment of Transcellular and Paracellular Pathways Underlies Blood-Brain Barrier Breakdown in Stroke
Authors: Daniel Knowland, Ahmet Arac, Kohei J. Sekiguchi, Martin Hsu, Sarah E. Lutz, John Perrino, Gary K. Steinberg, Ben A. Barres, Axel Nimmerjahn, Dritan Agalliu
Journal: Neuron (2014)
Bill Would Authorize Medicare Payments for Pharmacists
Authors: Rita Rubin
Journal: JAMA (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
DIGESTIVE DISORDERS IN PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS.
Authors: JAMES R. ARNEILL
Journal: JAMA (1907)

During the past ten years I have been greatly interested in enteroptosis and have been on the lookout for this condition in my patients of all classes. The frequency of this anatomic peculiarity in slender patients, suffering with malnutrition, psycho-neuroses and tuberculosis, is decidedly impressive. Most examinations of tuberculous patients do not include an examination of the abdomen. If one palpates carefully for the kidneys, Stiller's sign, and the contracted colon; tests the succussion sounds in the stomach, or inflates it and the large intestines, he will find in a surprising number of cases evidence of enteroptosis. Woods Hutchison remarks that those people who are unusually tall are apt to develop tuberculosis. To my notion, it isn't a question of tallness alone, but of tallness combined with slenderness. Such people are very frequently enteroptotic and are decidedly prone to suffer with malnutrition, psycho-neuroses and all sorts of functional disorders of
TCT-423 Profile, Safety, And 1-Year Outcome Of Patients With Same-Day Discharge After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Using Different Vascular Access: A High-Volume Single-Center Experience
Authors: Jose A. Baz Alonso, Victor Jimenez, Iván Gómez-Blázquez, Alberto Ortiz, Antonio de Miguel Castro, Guillermo Bastos Fernández, Abel Leyva, Jorge Sepúlveda, Carina Gonzalez, Andres Iñiguez
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Unraveling the Molecular Pathogenesis of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
Authors: Daniel J. Allendorf
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Proteomic Discrimination of Well- from Poorly-Differentiated Breast Carcinomas.
Authors: R. Ellsworth, E. Seeley, D. Ellsworth, B. Deyarmin, J. Hooke, M. Sanders, R. Caprioli, C. Shriver
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Background: Pathological grade is a useful prognostic factor for stratifying breast cancer patients into favorable (well-differentiated tumors) and less favorable (poorly-differentiated tumors) outcome groups. The current system of tumor grading, however, is highly subjective and a large proportion of tumors are characterized as intermediate-grade, making determination of optimal treatments difficult.Methods: Primary breast tumor specimens from patients diagnosed with well- (n=27) and poorly-differentiated (n=51) invasive ductal carcinoma were obtained from patients enrolled in the Clinical Breast Care Project. Frozen tissues were sectioned and mounted on gold coated MALDI target plates for protein expression profiling. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&amp;E) stained slides were prepared from serial sections for histological characterization. MALDI matrix was deposited as individual spots on the tissue sections in a histology directed manner to assay specific areas and tissue types of interest. Mass spectral data were then acquired from multiple sites across each tissue section.Results: 129 features were observed in well-differentiated and 132 in poorly-differentiated tumors. While the majority of features detected were similar between the two groups, 6 protein features were expressed at significantly lower and 12 at significantly higher levels in the poorly-differentiated tumors, including increased expression of Calgranulin A and Calgizzarin.Conclusions: Protein expression differences detected here suggest that well- and poorly-differentiated invasive breast tumors are molecularly distinct diseases and that these protein changes may contribute to the structural integrity of the tumor cell. In particular, calgranulin A and calgizzarin are members of the S100 protein family, and function in processes such as cell proliferation and differentiation. Further refinement of this differentiation protein signature may not only improve our understanding of the biological processes involved with tumor grade but provide pathologists with new molecular tools to classify breast tumors and reduce the subjectivity associated with current grading criteria. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 6126.
THE RELATION OF ANIMAL EXPERIMENTATION TO OUR KNOWLEDGE OF PLAGUE
Authors: GEORGE W. McCOY
Journal: JAMA (1910)

Comparatively few diseases of man are readily transmitted to laboratory animals. In plague, however, we have an infection that can be reproduced in many of the animals ordinarily used for experimental purposes. The question then arises as to whether we know more about this disease than we do about infections that are less readily transmitted toanimals, and those that thus far have not been studied in the lower animals. In reply it may be pointed out how much more accurate knowledge we have of the essential cause of plague epidemics than we have of outbreaks of typhoid fever, scarlet fever, measles, typhus fever and others that might be mentioned. When plague is to be combated, there need be no speculation as to the source of the infection. The outbreaking is not to be attributed to such vague and indefinite sources as impure air, a bad water supply, or a mysterious
Soluble latent membrane-type 1 matrix metalloprotease secreted by human mesangial cells is activated by urokinase
Authors: Isabelle Kazes, Françoise Delarue, Jacqueline Hagège, Latifa Bouzhir-Sima, Eric Rondeau, Jean-Daniel Sraer, Geneviève Nguyen
Journal: Kidney International (1998)
Rheumatic disease in Jamaica.
Authors: W A Wilson, G R Hughes
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1979)

The relative prevalence and clinical pattern of the major rheumatic diseases in the patient population of a teaching hospital in Jamaica were studied over the 3-year period 1974--7. The prevalence of systemic lupus erythematosus approached that of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). All grades of severity of RA were seen, and there was an unusually high proportion of females with RA. Rheumatic fever and exacerbations were relatively common, and in the absence of carditis differentiation from infective polyarthritis, especially gonococcal, was occasionally difficult.
The Teaching Hospital: Evolution and Contemporary Issues
Authors: David Littauer
Journal: JAMA (1967)

In this excellent volume four eminent medical educators and administrators examine the effect on the teaching hospital of rapid changes in medical technology, medical education, institutional organization for patient care, economics of such care, and expectations of an informed public. In an essay, "The Teaching Hospital and the Medical School," Robert J. Glaser defines the teaching hospital as "one, irrespective of whether it is university-owned or independent and under its own governing board, that is used extensively for the clinical instruction of medical school students." He traces the evolution of the relationships of the medical school to the teaching hospital, including house officer programs, clinical clerkships, and education of medical students. Paul S. Russell reviews the changes in the training of surgeons, graphically describing the roots of present-day surgery (biochemistry, physical chemistry, anatomy, pharmacology, engineering, and others), and stressing the need for the increased use of private patients in the
The Physiologic Components of the Urinary Bladder
Authors: S. Richard Muellner
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1949)

THE study of bladder function by cystometry has led to the conclusion that the bladder acts as a single unit. This was inevitable, since the cystometer registers the summation of changes in intravesical pressure resulting from detrusor contraction, without disclosing how such changes are brought about. Observation of the bladder during micturition under the fluoroscope, however, makes it quite clear that this concept is not entirely correct.There are two functional units of the bladder that, by their synergism under normal circumstances, comprise the total detrusor function. These two units, which consist of the bladder base and of the dome, . . .
Adapting to Duty-Hour Limits — Four Years On
Authors: Harry H. Yoon
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2007)

On July 1, 2003, prompted by the medical profession's concerns about patient safety and the working conditions and education of resident physicians, the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) instituted one of the most substantial redesigns of the country's resident training system in more than a century. Among other changes, the duty hours of residents were tapered to 80 per week, averaged over 4 weeks, and shifts were limited to 30 hours, with a minimum 10-hour rest period between them.Welcomed or criticized, the ACGME rules were anything but ignored. To comply with them, residency program leaders had to . . .
"Turner Phenotypes" vs Noonan's Syndrome
Authors: Florence Char
Journal: JAMA (1971)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> This is in reference to the communication by Miller et al "Turner Phenotype: Pregnancy and Cyanotic Congenital Heart Disease" which was published inThe Journal(<b>214:</b>2337, 1970). There is a need for clarification and standardization of terminology in the literature concerning what appears to be a distinct entity. The article reports a female who had a normal karyotype, Turner phenotype, and cyanotic congenital heart disease, and who gave birth to an appa-ently normal offspring. From the description in the text and the photograph it appears that the patient is a typical case of the Noonan syndrome. The Noonan syndrome<sup>1-3</sup>in essence consists of a wide and varied spectrum of congenital defects, including a distinctive facies of broad forehead and hypertelorism, flat nasal bridge, and low-set thick ears; congenital heart disease, most commonly pulmonic stenosis, atrial septal defect, peripheral pulmonic stenosis, and occasionally tetraology of Fallot,
C57BL/6 mice need MHC class II Aq to develop collagen-induced arthritis dependent on autoreactive T cells
Authors: Johan Bäcklund, Cuiqin Li, Erik Jansson, Stefan Carlsen, Patrick Merky, Kutty-Selva Nandakumar, Sabrina Haag, Jimmy Ytterberg, Roman A Zubarev, Rikard Holmdahl
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2012)

Collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) has traditionally been performed in MHC class II A(q)-expressing mice, whereas most genetically modified mice are on the C57BL/6 background (expressing the b haplotype of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II region). However, C57BL/6 mice develop arthritis after immunisation with chicken-derived collagen type II (CII), but arthritis susceptibility has been variable, and the immune specificity has not been clarified.To establish a CIA model on the C57BL/6 background with a more predictable and defined immune response to CII.Both chicken and rat CII were arthritogenic in C57BL/6 mice provided they were introduced with high doses of Mycobacterium tuberculosis adjuvant. However, contaminating pepsin was strongly immunogenic and was essential for arthritis development. H-2(b)-restricted T cell epitopes on chicken or rat CII could not be identified, but expression of A(q) on the C57BL/6 background induced T cell response to the CII260-270 epitope, and also prolonged the arthritis to be more chronic.The putative (auto)antigen and its arthritogenic determinants in C57BL/6 mice remains undisclosed, questioning the value of the model for addressing T cell-driven pathological pathways in arthritis. To circumvent this impediment, we recommend MHC class II congenic C57BL/6N.Q mice, expressing A(q), with which T cell determinants have been thoroughly characterised.
Abstract 2657: The Increased Local Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 To IGF Binding Protein-3 Ratio In The Pathogenesis Of The Left Ventricular Hypertrophy In Humans: Augmentation By Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 Activity
Authors: Naoki Abe, Toshiro Matsunaga, Kunihiko Kameda, Hirofumi Tomita, Tomohiro Osanai, Kozo Fukui, Ikuo Fukuda, Ken Okumura
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 is a potent mitogen and is said to enhance ventricular hypertrophy. IGF-1 is present as an IGF-1-IGF binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) complex, and its free form shows bioactivity. Recently, the matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) were shown to facilitate IGF-1 bioactibity through the degradation of IGFBP-3. To clarify the relation of IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 to MMPs and their roles in human cardiac hypertrophy, we measured levels of total IGF-1, IGFBP-3, MMP-2, and MMP-9 in the pericardial fluid, which reflects the myocardial interstitial fluid, obtained from 51 patients with aortic valvular disease (AVD) (n=36) (aortic stenosis (n=24), aortic regurgitation (n=12)) and mitral valvular disease (MVD) (n=15) (mitral stenosis (n=6), mitral regurgitation (n=9)) who underwent open heart surgery. Levels of total IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 were measured by enzyme immunoassay, and the activities of MMP-2 and MMP-9 by gelatin zymography. Left ventricular mass index (LVMI) was estimated by echocardiography. Pericardial total IGF-1 level (ng/ml) in AVD (32±19) was higher than that in MVD (20±17) (p&lt;0.05). Pericardial IGFBP-3 level (ng/ml) was not different between AVD (715±318) and MVD (857±441). When total IGF-1/IGFBP-3 ratio, indicative of potency of IGF-1 action, was estimated in each patient, it was significantly higher in AVD than in MVD (p&lt;0.017). There was no difference in MMP-9 activity between AVD and MVD, while MMP-2 activity in AVD was higher than that in MVD (p&lt;0.05). LVMI in AVD was significantly greater than in MVD (p&lt;0.05). In the linear regression analysis for all patients, pericardial total IGF-1/IGFBP-3 ratio was positively correlated with LVMI (r=0.3, p&lt;0.05). To further clarify the relationship among total IGF-1, IGFBP-3 and MMP-2, we examined the effect of IGF-1 on smooth muscle cell (SMC) proliferation. IGF-1 (250 ng/ml) induced SMC proliferation, and this was inhibited by IGFBP-3 (2500 ng/ml). This inhibiting effect of IGFBP-3 was reversed by co-treatment with MMP-2 (0.005 unit). These findings suggest that cardiac IGF-1/IGFBP-3 system, which is augmented by MMP-2, plays an important role in the pathogenesis of LV hypertrophy.