tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Evolving ourselves, J.Enriquez and S.R.Gullans, Portfolio/Penguin2015: ISBN: 978‐1‐6173‐020‐2. Hardcover $33, audiobook download $26
Authors: Carlo Brugnara
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2015)

This book should be a required reading for physicians, medical students, bio-medical researchers, and anybody interested in understanding the future path of human evolution. “Evolving ourselves” provides a unique biological/evolutionary perspective on the changes that man and nature have encountered in modern society. A central theme of this book is how in the last 1–2 centuries mankind has dramatically and possibly irreversibly shifted the evolution process from natural selection and random mutation to unnatural selection and nonrandom mutation. This thesis is beautifully developed with multiple examples spanning genetic and epigenetic, human microbiome and virome, autism and allergy, and CRISPR-based genome editing. This book provides a unique and extremely insightful perspective on how environmental changes, health care, and biomedical research will shape the future steps of our evolution, both for mankind and the rest of the planet. “Evolving ourselves” provides unique answers to the question on who we are and where we are going as one of the many species inhabiting our planet. The authors have done an outstanding job in providing the scientific underpinning for their work: of the 350 pages of this book, almost 80 are devoted to annotated references and supporting materials. The authors are both co-founders of Excel Venture Management, but have unique and different backgrounds: Juan Enriquez career has spanned urban development, Peace commission with Zapatista rebels, biotechnology ventures (many with Craig Venter), and life sciences research and investment. He was also the Founding Director of the Harvard Business School Life Sciences Project. His Ted talks can be seen at: https://www.ted.com/talks/juan_enriquez_shares_mindboggling_new_science and https://www.ted.com/talks/juan_enriquez_wants_to_grow_energy As a biomedical researcher at Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Steve R. Gullans published seminal papers spanning from cloning of Na-K-CL cotransport to volume regulation in brain and to differentiation of embryonic cells into cardiac monocytes (h-index: 48). He co-founded RxGen, a pharmaceutical services company. His talks can be seen at TedMed (http://www.tedmed.com/talks/show?id=103834) and TedxBroadway (http://www.tedxbroadway.com/2012-video-gallery) Carlo Brugnara Department of Laboratory Medicine Boston Children's Hospital 300 Longwood Avenue, Bader 760 Boston, MA 02115. E-mail: carlo.brugnara@childrens.harvard.edu
Remarkable difference in the mode of HCV transmission among haemodialysis patients and IVDAs
Authors: S M Alavian, B Hajarizadeh
Journal: Gut (2004)

We read with great interest the letter by Saxena et al ( Gut 2003; 52 :1656–7). We would however take issue with their hypothesis, as we indeed believe in the remarkable differences in the mode of hepatitis C virus (HCV) transmission in these two high risk groups. Studies have reported a value of 70–90% for the prevalence rate of HCV infection among intravenous drug abusers (IVDAs).1 The main source of HCV infection in this population is sharing contaminated needles. The incidence of rapid acquisition of HCV …
Association Between Plantar Temperatures and Triaxial Stresses in Individuals With Diabetes
Authors: Metin Yavuz, Ryan W. Brem, Alan G. Glaros, Alan Garrett, Michael Flyzik, Lawrence Lavery, Brian L. Davis, Henry Hilario, Linda S. Adams
Journal: Diabetes Care (2015)

Diabetic foot ulcers have a biomechanical etiology related to triaxial plantar stresses (3DS) (1). Bergtholdt and Brand (2) suggested that the foot would heat up before breaking down, indicating that elevated 3DS in the diabetic foot would result in inflammation that could be monitored by thermography. The purpose of this study was to explore the hypothesized relationship between 3DS and plantar temperatures.

Twenty-eight individuals with diabetes, 14 with peripheral neuropathy (DN) and 14 without (DC), walked at self-selected speeds across a custom-built plate that quantified 3DS. After 10 min of acclimation, resting barefoot temperatures were recorded using a Fluke infrared thermal camera. Linear regressions were used to reveal associations between magnitudes of 3DS and resting temperatures. Associations between locations of peak 3DS and peak temperatures were also examined.

As assessed by linear regression, temperature was a statistically significant predictor of peak shear stress (PS) and shear-time integral magnitudes at the hallux. No significant association was found …
Chromosomal Locations of Satellite DNA in the MSWBS Ascites Tumor Cell Line2
Authors: M. H. Moar, A. T. Natarajan
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1977)

In situ hybridization of mouse satellite complementary RNA to the chromosomes of the mouse ascites tumor line MSWBS revealed that the distribution of satellite DNA sequences paralleled the location of constitutive heterochromatin as defined by the C-banding technique.
Ideal volume sampling in the diagnosis of malignant pleural effusions. Just how much is really enough
Authors: Vasilis Anastasakos, Danai Mpisirtzoglou, Athanasios Zetos, Charalampos Marketos, Stavros Mpampoukos, Georgios Politis
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Management of pleural effusion is based on established guidelines deriving from scientific committees and experts on pleural diseases all over the world. Nevertheless true consensus on volume sampling in malignant pleural effusions has not yet been achieved. Only few publications have been published over the past 10 years. Further studies should take place in order to clarify this essential point in the management of malignant pleural effusions   Methods   Patients with at least medium sized pleural effusion and high risk for malignancy were enrolled.  Pleural fluid was extracted as follows:  1. 10cc of pleural fluid sent for cell typing and ALB, tPr, LDH, CHOL, TG analysis  2. 20cc of pleural fluid extracted and placed as sample A  3. 50cc of pleural fluid extracted and placed as sample B  4. 150cc of pleural fluid should be extracted and placed as sample C  Samples A, B and C are sent for cytology  Cytology results included the following:  1. Positivity or negativity for malignancy  2. Malignant cells count (rare, infrequent, frequent, dense)   Results   A greater volume sampling did not increased diagnostic yield, but a higher cell count was observed in the intermediate volume sampling group.   Conclusions   First data in our research show that a larger quantity of pleural fluid aspirated   will not   improve results (whilst will affect costs and laboratory man hours), but   20 to 40 ml   could play a role in diagnosis and should be the target quantity. We hope our study will help to decrease time to diagnosis, reduce cost (less paracentesis, less adverse effects, less hospitalization time) and provide material for evidence based guideline development in the future.
Verification of the maximal oxygen consumption using a supra-maximal stress test on obese children
Authors: Laura Fidalgo-Marron, Gonzalo Galicia-Poblet, Juan Esteban Garcia-Lozaiza, Maria del Carmen Sanchez-Gonzalez, Pilar Alvarez-Estrada, Estela Insfran-Marron
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Aims:  To study the usefulness of a supra-maximal stress protocol to confirm the achievement of a maximal oxygen consumption in cardiopulmonary stress tests amongst obese children.   Methods:  It is a descriptive transversal study carried out upon obese children from 6 to 14 years old. An ergospirometry is carried out on them using a treadmill with an incremental maximal stress protocol and after 15 minutes of rest the supra-maximal stress protocol is applied with 105% of the intensity previously obtained.   Results:  A total of 24 obese children (15 male,62.5%) were studied, with an average age of 10.98 years old (±2.18) and an average BMI of 27.44 (±3.31). A plateau was not found for the oxygen consumption in any instance. A total of 19 (79.16%) children fulfilled the classic criteria of maximal stress. The average VO 2 peak was 2.20 l/min (±0.57), RER 1.16 (±0.13), Hrmax% 91.95 (±5.18). In the supra-maximal test, the VO 2 peak was 2.15 l/min (±0.54), RER 1.05 (±0.11) and Hrmax% 92.42 (±7.83). Seven cases were found with a VO 2 peak greater in the supra-maximal test (an average difference of 0.08 l/min), (p≤0.005), despite two of them having fulfilled the classic criteria of maximal stress. Of those that did not fulfil the criteria of maximal stress, there were six cases where the supra-maximal peak of VO 2  did not surpass that of the maximal stress test.   Conclusions:  The execution of a supra-maximal stress test after a period of rest after a maximal stress test is feasible amongst obese children. The classic criteria that define the success of the VO 2 max can be inadequate for this group, thus, carrying out a supra-maximal stress test would be useful in order to verify it.
The effectiveness of integrated disease management (IDM) programmes for COPD patients : A Cochrane systematic review
Authors: Annemarije Kruis, Nynke Smidt, Pim Assendelft, Jacobijn Gussekloo, Melinde Boland, Maureen Rutten-van Molken, Niels Chavannes
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Objective  To evaluate the effectiveness of IDM in COPD patients on quality of life (QoL), exercise tolerance and exacerbation related outcomes.  Methods  RCTs evaluating IDM programmes compared to control in COPD were included. Included interventions consisted of multidisciplinary (≥two health care providers), multi treatment (≥two components) IDM programmes of at least three months duration.  Results  We found 4776 abstracts, which were checked by three independent reviewers. Twenty-six trials enrolling 2997 patients with a follow-up of three to twenty-four months were included. All pooled results were in favor of IDM. Disease specific QoL was statistically and clinically improved on all domains of the Chronic Respiratory Questionnaire: dyspnea (MD 1.02; 95% CI 0.67-1.36); fatigue (0.82; 95% CI 0.46-1.17); emotional (0.61; 95% CI 0.26-0.95) and mastery (0.75; 95% CI 0.38-1.12). The St George Respiratory Questionnaire reached the clinical relevant difference only for the Impact Domain. Pooled data showed a clinical improvement on functional exercise capacity of 44 meters (95% CI 21.38-65.89). Furthermore, there was a reduction in the number of hospital admissions from 27 to 20 per 100 patients (Number Needed to Treat =14) and hospitalization days decreased by 3 days (MD 3.78; 95% CI 1.67-5.90).  Conclusion  IDM in COPD patients not only improved disease specific QoL and exercise capacity, but also significantly reduced hospital admissions and hospital days per patient. This is of utmost importance, as hospitalizations contribute to the highest burden and costs in patients with COPD. Studies incorporating exercise training in their IDM programme demonstrated larger effect sizes.
May Patient Genetic Characteristics Explain Heterogeneity of Treatment Efficacy in Ewing Sarcoma? a Gwas Study
Authors: B. Fresneau, D.G. Cox, N. Gaspar, G. Pierron, J. Michon, V. Laurence, P. Marec-Bérard, N. Corradini, C. Lervat, C. Schmitt, L. Saumet, E. Lapouble, P. Broet, M. Le Deley, O. Delattre, G. Le Teuff
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2014)
Breastfeeding and Childhood Leukemia Incidence—Reply
Authors: Efrat L. Amitay, Lital Keinan-Boker
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Pediatrics HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Pediatrics journal
Alteration of etoposide pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics by cyclosporine in a phase I trial to modulate multidrug resistance.
Authors: B L Lum, S Kaubisch, A M Yahanda, K M Adler, L Jew, M N Ehsan, N A Brophy, J Halsey, M P Gosland, B I Sikic
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1992)

PURPOSE To determine the effects of high-dose cyclosporine (CsA) infusion on the pharmacokinetics of etoposide in patients with cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS Sixteen patients were administered 20 paired courses of etoposide and CsA/etoposide. Etoposide was administered daily for three days, alone or with CsA, which was delivered by a loading dose and 3-day infusion. Etoposide was measured by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and serum CsA by nonspecific immunoassay. Etoposide pharmacokinetics included area under the concentration-time curve (AUC), total and renal clearance (CL), half-life (T1/2), and volume of distribution at steady state (Vss). RESULTS CsA concentrations more than 2,000 ng/mL produced an increase in etoposide AUC of 80% (P less than .001), a 38% decrease in total CL (P &lt; .01), a &gt; twofold increase in T1/2 (P &lt; .01), and a 46% larger Vss (P = .01) compared with etoposide alone. CsA levels ranged from 297 to 5,073 ng/mL. Higher CsA levels (&lt; 2,000 ng/mL v &gt; 2,000 ng/mL) resulted in greater changes in etoposide kinetics: Vss (1.4% v 46%) and T1/2 (40% v 108%). CsA produced a 38% decrease in renal and a 52% decrease in nonrenal CL of etoposide. Etoposide with CsA levels &gt; 2,000 ng/mL produced a lower WBC count nadir (900/mm3 v 1,600/mm3) compared with baseline etoposide cycles. CONCLUSIONS High-dose CsA produces significant increases in etoposide systemic exposure and leukopenia. These pharmacokinetic changes are consistent with inhibition by CsA of the multidrug transporter P-glycoprotein in normal tissues. Etoposide doses should be reduced by 50% when used with high-dose CsA in patients with normal renal and liver function. Alterations in the disposition of other multidrug resistance (MDR)-related drugs should be expected to occur with modulation of P-glycoprotein function in clinical trials.
Modulation of oral tolerance on the oxidative stress responses in distal lung parenchyma of guinea pigs with chronic allergic inflammation
Authors: Renato Fraga Righetti, Samantha Souza Possa, Viviane Christina Ruiz Schütz, Homar Toledo Charafeddine, Fábio Cetinic Habrum, Carla Máximo Prado, Edna Aparecida Leick-Maldonado, Milton Arruda Martins, Iolanda Fátima Lopes Calvo
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Rationale:  We previously had shown that oral induced tolerance contributes to reduce distal lung responsiveness, inflammation and remodelling (Nakashima et al.,2008) in a model of chronic inflammation in guinea pigs (GP). In the present study, we evaluated if these responses were associated to alterations on the oxidative stress responses in distal lung.   Methods:  GP were submitted to multiple inhalations of ovalbumin (OVA) or normal saline (NS) (2x/wk/4wks). At the same period oral tolerance was induced by offering GP  ad libitum  2% ovalbumin in sterile drinking water during 4 weeks (OVA-T1) or starting oral ovalbumin after the 4th inhalation of ovalbumin (OVA-T2). Afterwards, lungs were removed, strips of distal lung were stained for iNOS and PGF2alfa (isoprostane) and analysed by morphometry.   Results:  In OVA group there was an increase in the iNOS positive cells (20.7±1.0/10 4 μm 2 ) and PGF2alfa content (17.51±2.5%) compared to NS group (p 4 μm 2 ) and T2 (14.3±2.2/10 4 μm 2 ) compared to OVA (p   Conclusion:  Oral tolerance attenuates the oxidative stress responses in distal lung in this animal model of chronic pulmonary inflammation. These results may clarify the mechanisms involved in the attenuation of mechanical responsiveness, inflammation and remodeling of distal lung by oral tolerance, as previously shown in this animal model.  Supported by: FAPESP, CNPq, LIM-20-HC-FMUSP.
Immunology of the Mouse Mammary Tumor Virus: Comparison of Mammary Tumor Virus With the Agent Found in C3Hf/Crgl Mice&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN1"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: P B Blair, D W Weiss
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1966)

C3Hf/Crgl mice, containing no biologically active mammary tumor virus, nonetheless possess both type-B virus particles and a component which cross-reacts serologically with the mammary tumor virus. Neutralization studies and the immunodiffusion assay for measuring the antigenicity of the mammary tumor virus indicate that transfer of the virus particles from C3Hf to BALB/cCrgl mice is accompanied by transfer of the cross-reacting antigenic component.
Acupuncture improves nutritional status and BODE index in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A randomized, placebo-controlled trial
Authors: Masao Suzuki, Motonari Fukui, Tetsuhiro Shiota, Kazuo Endo, Susumu Sato, Kensaku Aihara, Masataka Matsumoto, Shinko Suzuki, Ryo Itotani, Manabu Ishitoko, Masaya Takemura, Yoshikazu Hara, Hitoshi Kagioka, Masataka Hirabayashi, Shigeo Muro, Michiaki Mishima
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Introduction:  Prognosis of COPD patients is influenced not only by pulmonary functions but also by nutritional status, exercise capacity and severity of dyspnea. Our previous study (Suzuki M et al. AJRCCM 2010; 181: A5420) showed that acupuncture improved significantly not only Modified Borg Scale at the end of 6-minute walk test (MBS), but also various general conditions of COPD patients including quality of life (SGRQ).  Aim and Objective: To determine whether acupuncture had any effects on nutritional status and BODE index of COPD patients in our previous study.   Methods:  We conducted parallel-group randomized controlled multicentre trials involving 68 COPD patients. The participants were randomly assigned to real (RA, n=34) or placebo acupuncture (PA, n=34). Both group received real or placebo needling once a week for a total of 12 weeks. We evaluated not only change in MBS, as primary endpoint, but changes in pre-albumin, BMI, MRC, 6MWD, and respiratory functions. BODE index was calculated by these data.   Results:  Six (4 in RA, 2 in PA) withdrew during study. After 12 weeks, RA group showed significant improvements in pre-albumin [22.6 to 25.1mg/dl], BMI [21.2 to 22.6kg/m 2 ], MRC [3.3 to 2.3], 6MWD [373.2 to 436.7m] and%FEV1 [44.5 to 49.2%], as well as MBS [5.5 to 1.9] of primary endpoint. The BODE index decreased significantly in the RA (3.9 to 2.7, p 0.9; mean difference [95%CI] between groups, -1.2 [-1.8 to -0.63]).   Conclusions:  This study demonstrated that acupuncture may contribute to improvement of nutritional status and prognosis as well as DOE of the patients with COPD.
Short and long-term variability of oscillatory mechanics parameters in asthma
Authors: Alessandro Gobbi, Carlo Gulotta, Paola Gasparini, Riccardo Pellegrino, Arnab Majumdar, Antonio Pedotti, Vito Brusasco, Bela Suki, Raffaele Dellaca
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Increased temporal fluctuation of oscillatory mechanics parameters measured over 15 minutes has been suggested to be a specific feature of asthma, though this is still a controversial issue. We aimed to evaluate whether variability over time scales >1 day can reliably separate asthmatic from healthy subjects.

Within-breath respiratory resistance (Rrs) and reactance (Xrs) were measured by forced oscillations during 2min of tidal breathing at morning and evening for 6 months in 10 mild asthmatic and 10 healthy subjects. Short-term (within measurements) and long-term (2, 4, 8, 16 and 32 consecutive days) variability of Rrs and Xrs was characterized by their standard deviations (SDRrs and SDXrs).

Short-term variability of either Rrs or Xrs was not significantly different between asthmatic and healthy subjects (p>0.05). SDRrs was significantly larger in asthmatics than in healthy subjects with a time scale ≥4 days using morning (0.60 vs 0.32 cmH2O s L-1, p 0.05) was significantly larger in asthmatic than healthy subjects. SDRinsp was greater already for time scales ≥2 days in the morning (0.44 vs 0.24, p<0.02) and ≥4 days in the evening (0.49 vs 0.30, p<0.05). SDXrs was significantly larger in asthmatics from 2-day time scale (0.23 vs 0.11, p<0.01 morning; 0.19 vs 0.13, p<0.03 evening).

In conclusion, the assessment of FOT-based variability over a relatively long-term, i.e., few days, period provides an explanation for previous controversial findings and allows us to reliably distinguish asthmatics from normal subjects.
Efficacy of amoxycillin–clavulanate in an experimental model of murine pneumonia caused by AmpC-non-hyperproducing clinical isolates of Escherichia coli resistant to cefoxitin
Authors: F. Docobo-Pérez, F. Fernández-Cuenca, M.E. Pachón-Ibáñez, A. Pascual, C. Pichardo, L. Martínez-Martínez, J. Pachón
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2008)
Neoadjuvant (Na) Chemotherapy (Ct) with Docetaxel, Cisplatin and 5-Fluorouracil (Tpf) Before Concomitant Chemoradiation (Ccr) for Patients (Pts) with Locoregionally Advanced (La) Squamous Cell Carcinomas of the Head and Neck (Scchn): Updated Results of an Intensive Nurse-Led Support Program (Inlsp)
Authors: J.M. Lopes, A. Mayer, D.A. Costa, E.J. Gouveia, I. Miguel, M. Carneiro, P. Winckler Barosa Andrade, L. Martins, P. Nicolau, V. Ribeiro, M.T.A. Alexandre, I. Sargento, M. Ferreira, A. Moreira
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2014)
Changes in dynamics of excess mortality rates and net survival after diagnosis of follicular lymphoma or diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: comparison between European population-based data (EUROCARE-5)
Authors: Morgane Mounier, Nadine Bossard, Laurent Remontet, Aurélien Belot, Pamela Minicozzi, Roberta De Angelis, Riccardo Capocaccia, Jean Iwaz, Alain Monnereau, Xavier Troussard, Milena Sant, Marc Maynadié, Roch Giorgi
Journal: The Lancet Haematology (2015)