tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effect of erythromycin on Haemophilus influenzae endotoxin-induced release of IL-6, IL-8 and sICAM-1 by cultured human bronchial epithelial cells
Authors: OA Khair, JL Devalia, MM Abdelaziz, RJ Sapsford, RJ Davies
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1995)

Although several studies have demonstrated that low-dose, long-term erythromycin treatment is effective in the management of patients with chronic lower respiratory tract infections, such as chronic bronchitis, bronchiolitis and bronchiectasis, the mechanisms underlying the action of erythromycin are not clear. We have cultured human bronchial epithelial cells (HBEC) as explant cultures from surgical tissue, and have investigated the effect of erythromycin on H. influenzae endotoxin (HIE)-induced release of inflammatory mediators in these cultures. Confluent epithelial cell cultures were incubated with 100 micrograms.mL-1 HIE +/- 0.1-10 micrograms.mL-1 erythromycin and were investigated for interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8) and soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) released into the culture medium after 24 h. HIE significantly increased the release of IL-6 from 3.9 +/- 1.5 pg.micrograms-1 cellular protein (in control untreated cultures) to 12.1 +/- 1.5 pg.micrograms-1 cellular protein, and IL-8 from 83.7 +/- 8.2 pg.micrograms-1 cellular protein (in control cultures) to 225.7 +/- 44.8 pg.micrograms-1 cellular protein. Similarly, HIE led to a significantly greater release of sICAM-1 from 0.04 +/- 0.01 ng.microgram-1 cellular protein, in control cultures, to 3.8 +/- 0.9 ng.microgram-1 cellular protein. Incubation of the epithelial cultures in the presence of 0.1-10 micrograms.mL-1 erythromycin significantly blocked the HIE-induced release of IL-6, IL-8, and sICAM-1, at all concentrations of erythromycin investigated. Erythromycin also attenuated neutrophil chemotaxis and adhesion to human endothelial cells, mediated by incubation with conditioned medium obtained from HIE-exposed epithelial cell cultures, in vitro. These results suggest that H. influenzae-induced release of inflammatory mediators from airway epithelial cells could contribute to chronic airway inflammation, and that this effect may be modulated by treatment with erythromycin.
Try a little compassion
Authors: Roger L Weeks
Journal: BMJ (2007)

The idea that the availability of drugs creates addicts is rubbish and backs up the panoply of sanctions that support the present law.1 2

Most people accept that government is responsible for preventing the actions of some people harming others. Thus, we can harm ourselves by smoking, drinking, and overeating, but unless these habits damage others the law is indifferent, and rightly so. Laws arbitrarily criminalising the ingestion of some substances …
Pulmonary CT Findings of Visceral Larva Migrans due to Ascaris suum
Authors: Koichi Honda, Fumito Okada, Yumiko Ando, Asami Ono, Shunro Matsumoto, Hiromu Mori
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Poster: ESTI 2012  / E-0038 / Pulmonary CT Findings of Visceral Larva Migrans due to Ascaris suum  by:  K.  Honda , F.  Okada, Y.  Ando, A.  Ono, S.  Matsumoto, H.  Mori; Oita/JP
Relative Cytotoxicity of Mithramycin and Vinblastine Sulfate In Cell Cultures of Human Neural Tumors&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Charles B. Wilson, Marvin Barker
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1967)

Cell cultures of human brain tumors were exposed to graded concentrations of mithramycin and vinblastine sulfate, two drugs used successfully in brain-tumor chemotherapy. Cytotoxic and lethal endpoints of both drugs were determined in 15 experiments. Cytotoxic concentrations of mithramycin produced changes in nuclear size and shape, but alterations in the composition and distribution of nuclear chromatin were even more striking. This study confirmed earlier observations on the cytotoxic effects of vinblastine sulfate.
Greying of the human hair: a worldwide survey, revisiting the ‘50’ rule of thumb
Authors: S. Panhard, I. Lozano, G. Loussouarn
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2012)

Journal Article Greying of the human hair: a worldwide survey, revisiting the ‘50’ rule of thumb Get access S. Panhard, S. Panhard L’Oréal, Research & Innovation, 11–13 rue Dora Maar, 93400 Saint‐Ouen, France Ségolène Panhard. E‐mail: spanhard@rd.loreal.com Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar I. Lozano, I. Lozano L’Oréal, Research & Innovation, 11–13 rue Dora Maar, 93400 Saint‐Ouen, France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar G. Loussouarn G. Loussouarn L’Oréal, Research & Innovation, 11–13 rue Dora Maar, 93400 Saint‐Ouen, France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 167, Issue 4, 1 October 2012, Pages 865–873, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2012.11095.x Published: 01 October 2012 Article history Accepted: 29 May 2012 Published: 01 October 2012
Instilled surfactant stimulates the expression of surfactant protein A, ameliorating the inhalation injury in rats
Authors: Yu Sun, Hao Tang, Zhaofan Xia
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Our previous study, consistent with others, demonstrated that administering an exogenous surfactant was a potential therapy for acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). However, the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. In present study, we investigated the effect of instilled surfactant on rat inhalation injury model induced by smoke and the role of surfactant protein A (SP-A) on pulmonary oxidative stress and inflammation. We found that surfactant instillation significantly improved lung function, reduced pulmonary edema, ameliorated lung injury and improved animal survival. In terms of the mechanisms, we next found that exogenous surfactant (not containing SP-A) replacement therapy could effectively increase both the expression and release of SP-A, and significantly decrease the MPO activity and IL-8 production. Correlation analysis showed that the expression and release of SP-A were negatively correlated with MPO activity, and negatively with IL-8 production as well. As pulmonary oxidative stress reflected by MPO activity and inflammation by IL-8, based on these data, we speculate that the mechanism of the therapeutic effect of exogenous surfactant on inhalation injury in the rat model was at least partly through up-regulation of SP-A, subsequently inhibition of MPO activity and reduction of IL-8. Our results put forward the new insights of SP-A in pathogenesis of ALI/ARDS. Supplement of SP-A may be a promising adjuvant therapy for ALI/ARDS.
The investigation of the relationship between respiratory exposures and the occurrence of the disease in patients with COPD
Authors: Sibel Gunay, Ersin Gunay, Ozlem Selcuk Sonmez, Nilgun Demirci, Atila Ihsan Keyf, Cebrail Simsek
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

We aimed to investigate the relationship with COPD and respiratory exposures.  711 patients admitted to our hospital with a diagnosis of COPD between May 2009-June 2010 were included. For the control group, 246 volunteer patients admitted to in-patient and out-patient clinics with any diagnosis other than COPD were included. Questionnaire including the questions according to socio-demographic characteristics, environmental and occupational exposures, patterns of tobacco use and passive-tobacco-smoke exposure of the patients was filled with face-to-face interview method.  The mean age was 62.7±10.8 for COPD and 64.9±10.9 for the control group (p>0.05). The average monthly-income-levels and educational-status of the patients for COPD group was significantly lower than the control group (p=0.015, p=0.002,respectively). In COPD group the number of people dealing with farming were greater than the people in the control group (p  For the development of COPD, except smoking, biomass-fuels and environmental exposures including passive exposure to tobacco smoke, environmental and occupational exposure to pollutants are also important risk factors, and prevention of exposure to these pollutants impede the development of COPD significantly.
Public spirometry for primary prevention of smoking-related diseases?
Authors: Christina Wich, Sabine Zirlik, Markus Frieser, Kai Hildner, Markus Neurath, Florian Fuchs
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Background:  The most effective action for primary prevention of COPD and other smoking-related diseases is smoking cessation early enough. In secondary prevention smokers with airway obstruction were more likely to quit smoking. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of a public spirometry on smoking habits in terms of primary prevention.   Methods:  Spirometry with its medical analysis was offered to visitors of a local public event called “Lange Nacht der Wissenschaften” (“Long night of sciences”) on 24.10.2009. The impact of results on smoking habits was evaluated in all smokers with an anonymized questionnaire afterwards.   Results:  257 people at an age of 30 (IQR 22 – 46) were examined. Out of 44 current smokers (17.1%) only two individuals showed a prebronchodilator FEV1/FVC-value    Conclusion:  In an unselected population with a high amount of younger adults normal spirometry did not show a short term benefit for primary prevention of COPD or other smoking-related diseases in terms of an increased motivation to quit smoking.
Dynamic hyperinflation during activities of daily living in patients with mild COPD
Authors: Laura Willems, Hanneke van Helvoort, Richard Dekhuijzen, Hieronymus van Hees, Yvonne Heijdra
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Introduction   Mild COPD is already related with significant dyspnea and health related problems. Dynamic hyperinflation is an important contributor to exertional dyspnea and occurs even in patients with mild COPD during cardiopulmonary exercise testing. However, from patient perspective it is important to study this phenomenon during daily life, which has not been studied previously in mild COPD.   Objective   To study the occurrence of dynamic hyperinflation during activities of daily living (ADL) in patients with mild COPD.   Methods   In this cross-sectional study 20 stable patients with mild COPD (14 male, mean age 65±7 years, FEV 1  89±11 % predicted) performed pulmonary function tests and three ADL (climbing stairs, vacuum cleaning and displacing groceries in a cupboard from the ground shelve to a shelve at shoulder height). Inspiratory capacity (IC) was measured using a portable breath-by-breath system (Oxycon Mobile) during ADL. Dynamic hyperinflation was determined by subtracting IC measured directly after the activity from resting IC.   Results   Climbing stairs, vacuum cleaning and the cupboard activity caused a decrease in IC in 55%, 45% and 40% of the patients, respectively. Focusing on a clinically relevant IC decrease of 150ml, 40%, 10% and 35% of the patients showed dynamic hyperinflation during these ADLs, respectively. 9 out of 20 patients showed significant dynamic hyperinflation during at least one ADL. Dyspnea increased significantly 1.9±1.3, 0.6±0.6 and 1.3±0.9 units on BORG score, respectively.   Conclusion   A large portion of patients with mild COPD shows dynamic hyperinflation during ADL despite their relatively preserved airflow.
A low total sputum cell count is a marker for asthma remission during adolescence
Authors: Khalid Bawakid, Zamil Al-Shammari, Laurie Lau, Wilfried Karmaus, Susan Ewart, Ramesh Kurukulaaratchy, Graham Roberts, Abid Raza, Hasan Arshad
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

An improved understanding of the physiological and pathological characteristics underlying adolescent asthma phenotypes, especially those who grow out, is essential.   Methods:  A Birth Cohort (n=1456) was established on the Isle of Wight, UK and seen until 18-years. Relevant tests at 18-yrs included ISAAC questions, spirometry, exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO), skin test, bronchial responsiveness (BHR) and (in a subset) sputum induction and processing. Asthma groups were “never asthma” (no asthma since birth), “persistent asthma” (asthma at age 10 and 18), “remission asthma” (asthma at age 10 but not at 18) and “new-onset asthma” (asthma at age 18 but not at age 10). This analysis is confined to subjects who underwent sputum induction.   Results:  Asthma (new-onset or persistent) group (n=40) had a higher eosinophil count (1.73% (interquartile range [IQR] (25-75): 0.25-5.88) vs.0.25 % (IQR: 0 – 1.25); p=0.01) and ECP (median 115.00 (62.08-374.95) vs. 62.34 (25.44 -229.30); p=0.04) compared to never asthma (n=46) at age 18. Importantly, those with asthma remission (n=18) had a lower total cell count compared to never asthma (31.50 (12.88-40.38) vs. 47.00 (19.50-181.25); p=0.03), even though both groups were asymptomatic at age 18 and their lung function, BHR and FeNO were not significantly different. Remission group also had a significantly reduced eosinophil 0.25 % (IQR: 0 – 1.44) vs. 3.00% (0.66-6.56); p=0.05) compared to those with new-onset asthma (n=20) and a lower ECP when compared to those with asthma at age 18 (median 35.48 (18.74-229.63) vs. 115.00 (62.08-374.95); p=0.05.   Conclusion:  A low sputum total cell count is indicative of asthma remission during adolescence.
Immunoprophylaxis and Cytotoxic Effector Cells Against EL 4 Leukemia Induced in Syngeneic C57BL/6J Mice by Use of Irradiated EL 4 Cells 2
Authors: T. S. Johnson, J. L. Hudson, M. E. Feldman, G. L. Irvin
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1975)

Journal Article Immunoprophylaxis and Cytotoxic Effector Cells Against EL 4 Leukemia Induced in Syngeneic C57BL/6J Mice by Use of Irradiated EL 4 Cells Get access T. S. Johnson, T. S. Johnson Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar J. L. Hudson, J. L. Hudson Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar M. E. Feldman, M. E. Feldman Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar G. L. Irvin, III G. L. Irvin, III Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 55, Issue 3, September 1975, Pages 561–567, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/55.3.561 Published: 01 September 1975 Article history Received: 01 May 1974 Revision received: 17 April 1975 Accepted: 16 May 1975 Published: 01 September 1975
Spirometry training courses are not enough to achieve quality spirometry in the community
Authors: Maureen P. Swanney, Josh D. Stanton
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Community diagnostic spirometry should be performed at the same standard as a respiratory laboratory. In 2008 our 10-year-old training course was altered to include a post-course quality review to qualify for spirometry certification.   Aim : To review the effectiveness of a quality review after spirometry training.  Methods:  We audited attendees at our spirometry courses and portfolio submissions. The portfolio required 10 tests and technical comments; spirometry pattern; and quality control logs. We required 90% in all criteria and those who failed could resubmit.   Results:  2-day and refresher spirometry courses were reviewed including 107 practice nurses, 59 occupational health nurses and 27 regional hospital technicians. We found similar trends for the three groups. The portfolio first submission (22%, 30%) and pass rate (33%,62%) for the 2- and 1-day courses respectively were low.   Discussion:  The number seeking feedback on spirometry practice was low with 24% submitting portfolios. Poor compliance was probably because spirometry certification is not compulsory in New Zealand. This review suggests a spirometry course alone is insufficient to achieve quality spirometry, or there are deficiencies in our course content or delivery. A failed portfolio provided additional learning because some resubmissions were successful. The low submissions and passes for the portfolios are a concern. We need to encourage excellence in community spirometry and maybe legislation to make spirometry certification compulsory is the way forward.
Inhibition of Murine Sarcoma Development by Deoxycorticosterone Acetate&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn3"&gt;3&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: E Seifter, G Rettura, A A Demetriou, S Levenson, S Rahman, J Seifter
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1974)

Since 11-deoxycorticosterone (DOC) accumulates in mice treated with metyrapone, the possibility that DOC possesses antitumor action was examined. Deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA) was fed either to mice subjected to a physiologic stress or to mice inoculated with the Moloney strain of the murine sarcoma virus (MSV-M). DOCA administration partially prevented thymic involution due to stress. When DOCA was fed to CBA/J mice inoculated with MSV-M, tumor incidence and tumor scores were decreased as was the time required for tumor regression, but the latency period was increased. Results were similar in C3H/HeJ mice inoculated with MSV-M and treated with DOCA. We concluded that DOCA has significant anti-MSV action and that some of the antitumor action of metyrapone could be ascribed to enhanced synthesis of ll-deoxysteroids.
Less obtrusive sensors for reliable detection of breathing pattern and heart function during sleep
Authors: Glenn Leemans, Willy Wittesaele, Tim Willemen, Walter De Raedt, Rob Tielbeke, Wilfried De Backer
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Rationale   Although polysomnography is an important diagnostic tool for sleep medicine, it is an uncomfortable and costly procedure. In order to reduce this burden, multiple low-level home monitoring systems have been developed. In this study we want to clinically evaluate some of these new, less obtrusive sensors.   Objective   To compare breathing pattern and heart function measured by new sensors with gold standard.   Methods   14 patients (mean age 65±18 y) with respiratory problems are included in this trial for a one-night measurement. A new movement sensor (Sensotiss), a light cable embedded in the mattress, measures the breathing pattern by detecting changes in optical reflection. Heart function is measured by a wireless electrocardiogram (ECG) body patch with Bluetooth connection. As gold standard, end-tidal capnography (Respironics) and 1 lead standard ECG (GI-MAC5500) are chosen.   Results   ECG and breathing pattern compared with gold standard are shown in figure 1.   Conclusion   Preliminary results show that the new ECG sensor is reliable with respect to the golden standard. Breathing pattern derived from the sensor in the mattress looks promising, but requires a thorough understanding for comparison with capnography. In the future, computerized algorithms based on these new signals could be of great clinical value for both screening and diagnostic purposes.  ICON project NXT_SLEEP is funded by iMinds.
Gender medicine and different prevalence in asthma by reports on anti-IgE (omalizumab) treatments
Authors: Vincenzo Patella, Carmine Oricchio, Giovanni Florio, Ada Giuliano
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Background: Generally, pathogenesis and prevalence of bronchial asthma indicates that age and sex are the major risk factors. Detailed physiological mechanisms of the changing sex ratio are not fully known. We investigated the influence of gender in anti-IgE treated asthmatics.  Methods: We pooled data from ten published studies from 1999 with more of our data of severe persistent asthmatics treated with omalizumab (anti-IgE) monoclonal antibody. Static analysis was used to find gender risk factors as the ratio of treatment effect (omalizumab : control) on standardized exacerbation rate per year.  Results: The studies included 3270 omalizumab treated patients, whose had severe persistent asthma according to Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) classification. Analysis of two groups male vs female showed that the efficacy of omalizumab on asthma exacerbations was unaffected by patient age, gender, baseline serum IgE (split by median) or by 2- or 4-weekly dosing schedule, although a more large number of women were treated (1921/1349; 59 % women vs 41% men; p  Conclusions: These results suggest that in population of asthmatics treated with anti-IgE the number of women is shown higher than men, it confirms that asthma should be considered with different approach by the gender for being adequately controlled on current therapy.
BNP can be an all-cause mortality predictor in sarcoidosis
Authors: Elias Gialafos, Aggeliki Rapti, Vasilios Kouranos, Efrosini Manali, Theodore Papaioannou, Elias Kosmas, Anastasios Kalianos, Charalampos Kostopoulos, Eleftherios Stampoulis, Spiros Papiris, Nikolaos Koulouris, Athol Wells
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Introduction: Although plasma BNP level is considered to be a useful biomarker for identifying cardiac involvement in patients with Sarcoidosis (Sarc) few data exist for its predictive role in mortality. Our aim was to investigate the predictive role of BNP on all-cause mortality.  Methods: 174 consecutive patients (mean age, 48.95+/- 12. 66 years; male/female, 66/108) with biopsy proven sarcoidosis were prospectively studied. Baseline evaluation included BNP, echocardiography, Holter monitoring with ability to calculate heart rate variability indices and whether was needed cardiac MRI. Also, pulmonary function tests included total lung capacity (TLC) and diffusion lung capacity of oxygen (DLCO) were performed.  Results: BNP level of all patients was 24.58±28.2 pg/dl. The baseline BNP was significantly correlated with the age (p=0.0001, r=0.341),left atrium(p=0.0001, r=0.309), interventricular septum(p=0.0001, r=0.280), posterior wall(p=0.001, r=0.240), transmitral A wave(p=0.003, r=0.228), systolic pressure of pulmonary artery(p=0.0001, r=0.382), Forced Expiratory Volume at 1 second(p=0.044, r=-0.153), DLCO(p=0.012, r=-190), the presence of premature ventricular beats(p=0.0001,r=0.281) and the 24hour derived standard deviation of NN, an index of HRV(p=0.001, p=-0.258). During a mean follow-up of 54±20 (range 1-101) months, 15 Sarc patients (36.7%) died. Their baseline BNP was significantly elevated compaired to the alive{ 69.00±48.58 vs 21.45±22,69, p  Conclusion: BNP can be used as an additive predictor of all-cause mortality in patients with sarcoidosis.