tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
THE QUALIFICATIONS OF THE SURGEON
Authors: WILLIAM D. HAGGARD
Journal: JAMA (1913)

Almost incredible progress has been made in surgery during this wondrous age. The amplification of its uses would be a source of consternation even to our immediate forefathers.  The ever-widening scope of diseased conditions amenable to the beneficences of surgery has brought into requisition a large number of men and a high degree of excellence. No vocation, in fact, demands a higher type of endowment than that of the surgeon.  Can there be any more brilliant achievement than the conquering of the inveterate sufferings, the fatal wounds, or the deadly diseases that lie ensconced in the intricate and almost inaccessible recesses of the human body? It is a hazardous invasion and requires the utmost skill and intrepidity. Any man who has the capabilities and varied faculties that go to make a successful surgeon could so much more easily succeed in some other avocations. He must be a great scientist and
Angiography in Cerebro-Arterial Occlusive Diseases
Authors: David I. Abramson
Journal: JAMA (1979)

This monograph deals with the use of angiography in the diagnosis of cerebroarterial disorders of degenerative and inflammatory origin. Only the most important aspects of cerebral pathology are stressed. The first part of the volume is devoted to brief discussions of such subjects as atherosclerosis, necrotizing angiitis, thromboangiitis obliterans, Takayasu's arteritis, arteritis in connective-tissue disorders, arteritis in blood diseases, arteritis in metabolic diseases, and arteritis associated with drug abuse. The techniques, indications, and hazards of angiography are presented. Lesions are described with reference to their location in the cerebral circulation. Computed tomography in the diagnosis of cerebrovascular diseases is mentioned, as well as radionuclide brain scans. Ten pages of references are found at the end of the first part of the monograph. The second part (169 pages) is devoted exclusively to figures of contrast angiograms, computer tomography, and radionuclide angiography, beautifully presented and excellently reproduced. Each figure is carefully marked,
TYPHOID FEVER IN COLORADO.A REPORT OF FIVE HUNDRED AND TWENTY-NINE CASES.
Authors: J. N. HALL
Journal: JAMA (1903)

We report to-day our conclusions regarding a series cases of typhoid fever at an altitude of about 5,000 feet, in order to compare the disease as we see it with typhoid fever in general. There occurred 225 cases in the private practice of Dr. Hall in Colorado, 54 of these being seen in consultation; 292 cases, most thoroughly recorded and analyzed by Dr. Claude E. Cooper, Denver, late house physician at the Arapahoe County Hospital, occurred in the wards of that institution between 1896 and 1902. We include only 12 of the cases seen by Dr. Hall in his service at St. Anthony's Hospital, the records of cases at this institution for several years being too incomplete for inclusion. He did not personally see all of the cases reported from the Araphoe County Hospital, and he here tenders his thanks to his colleagues for permission to use the hospital records.
The peril of treating your progeny
Authors: S. Fernando
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Lucy was in her 30s with a promising career as an internet programmer and a lucrative offer to work in Asia. She also zealously volunteered her time and service to an international health organisation. She was the daughter of a practising doctor, who was successful in his own right.

However, a recent history of headaches and photophobia had increased in intensity to the point of Lucy being hospitalised. The results of imaging of the brain, performed …
Atrial ectopic beats in response to atrial pressure oscillations in the dog
Authors: R. D. Lowe, H. A. Lavery
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1971)

In chloralose-anaesthetized greyhounds either right or left atrium was subjected to oscillations of pressure by one of three different techniques: single pulse injections of blood, rhythmic injection and withdrawal of blood, or rhythmic inflation and deflation of an air-filled balloon. Single pulse injections of blood consistently produced premature or ectopic atrial beats, which were not reflex in origin. Oscillations of pressure, if sufficiently fast, produced sustained tachycardia due to multiple ectopic beats. These observations suggest a possible mechanism for atrial dysrhythmias occurring in some patients with incompetence of mitral or tricuspid valves.
S70 Diagnostic utility and prognostic value of quantitative cardiac MR indices in patients with suspected pulmonary hypertension
Authors: A. J. Swift, S. Rajaram, R. Condliffe, D. Capener, C. Hill, C. Davies, J. Hurdman, C. Elliot, J. M. Wild, D. G. Kiely
Journal: Thorax (2011)

<h3>Introduction and Objectives</h3> The aim of this study was to assess the clinical utility of quantitative MR indices of cardiac morphology and function in a large cohort of patients with pulmonary hypertension (PH). <h3>Methods</h3> We retrospectively studied 233 consecutive patients with suspected PH who underwent cardiac MRI and right heart catheterisation (RHC) within 48 h. Four chamber and short axis (SA) CINE images were acquired using cardiac gated multi-slice imaging with a steady state free precession sequence at 1.5T. The diagnostic and prognostic significance of quantitative measurements of right ventricular morphology and function were assessed. <h3>Results</h3> Right ventricular end-diastolic mass index was the measurement with the strongest correlation with mPAP (r=0.74) and the highest diagnostic accuracy for the detection of PH (area under the receiver operator curve of 0.91). During the mean follow-up of 18 months (0–36 months), 36 patients with PH died. Right ventricular ejection fraction (p=0.003), right ventricular stroke volume index (p=0.03) and IVC size (p=0.01) were the MR predictors of mortality across the subgroups of PH. MR measurements of right ventricular ejection fraction (p=0.004), right ventricular stroke volume index (p=0.02), and left ventricular diastolic eccentricity index (p=0.005), all predicted mortality in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension, Abstract S70 figure 1 below shows the Kaplan–Meier plots the MR predictors of mortality in PAH. IVC size (p=0.018) was an independent predictor of mortality in the full cohort of patients with PH, and diastolic eccentricity index (p=0.037) was an independent predictor of adverse outcome in patients with PAH. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Cardiac MRI provides a comprehensive assessment of right ventricular morphology and function in patients with PH. This study confirms the diagnostic and prognostic applicability of MRI in unselected patients with PH of varied aetiologies in a practical clinical setting.
Estimation of Affinity and Quantity of Human Antigen‐Specific Serum IgG (Blocking Antibodies)
Authors: P. Prahl, P. Skov, U. Minuva, B. Weeke, B. Nexø
Journal: Allergy (1981)

An assay for estimation of quantity and quality of antigen‐specific IgG against two purified antigens from cow hair and dander is described. The substance concentration of antigen‐specific IgG was more than 10 times higher in serum from immunized patients than in serum from non‐immunized patients. Almost the same ka values of 5 × 10 9 l/mol were calculated for IgG in sera from immunized and non‐immunized patients with allergic asthma to cow hair and dander.
Malabsorption and Mucosal Abnormalities of the Small Intestine in the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
Authors: J. SCOTT GILLIN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1985)

Diarrhea and weight loss may accompany the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. We studied 30 patients with the syndrome, 20 of whom had diarrhea and weight loss and 10 of whom did not. Patients with identifiable enteric infections or small intestinal Kaposi's sarcoma were excluded. Malabsorption was common in the patients with diarrhea and weight loss, as shown by abnormal D-xylose and 14 C-glycerol-tripalmitin absorption tests. In these patients, duodenal biopsy specimens showed a histiocytic infiltrate containing numerous acid-fast organisms in 5 and a mild-moderate chronic inflammation in 13. In asymptomatic patients, duodenal biopsy specimens were normal in 6 and showed chronic inflammation in 4. These results suggest that malabsorption is common in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome with chronic diarrhea and may contribute to their weight loss.
Better mental health services
Authors: D J Jolley, S M Benbow
Journal: BMJ (1991)

gonorrhoea during the first quarter of this year.As well as indicating unsafe sexual practice, gonorrhoea in women may also be a risk factor for the acquisition of HIV-I (M Laga et al, sixth international conference on AIDS, San Francisco, 1990).Surveillance of gonorrhoea in women may provide both an indication for assessing the potential for spread of HIV-I in the heterosexual community and a measure of safe sexual practice.
Diagnosis and Management of Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Roger W. Turkington
Journal: JAMA (1988)

This book represents one of the noblest traditions in medicine, the teaching of clinical truths gained by a dedicated physician over a lifetime of scholarship and experience. Completed just a few months before O. Charles Olson's death in 1987 and published just one year later, his text is an exemplary legacy of his contribution to the profession. Throughout the book one senses the personality of the author, his warmth and good judgment, his sense of humor in many of life's perplexing situations, and his devotion to extending the length and quality of life of his diabetic patients. In this sense it is an inspiration to all physicians, young and old.  The volume is intended to be intensely practical, a desk reference that spells out the steps in management of the diabetic patient in the entire spectrum of clinical settings. It is meant to provide the counsel and advice of the
1012-121 Lack of heart rate effects on the mortality benefits of carvedilol compared to metoprolol in the patients with heart failure: Results from the carvedilol or metoprolol European trial (COMET)
Authors: Marco Metra, John G Cleland, Andrea Di Lenarda, Peter Hanrath, Michel Komajda, Beatrix Lutiger, Philip A Poole-Wilson, Willem J Remme, Armin Scherhag, Andrew Charlesworth, Karl Swedberg, Christian Torp-Pedersen
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Emergency in the cowshed
Authors: S. Venkat
Journal: BMJ (2011)

It is said that prarabdha (that part of your karma that cannot be altered) follows you wherever you go. Being an obstetrician, I tried to escape from my hectic medical practice to my guru’s ashram, the Swami Rama Sadhak Grama in Rishikesh. But guess what? The mother of all mothers, a beloved cow named Kapila, was in trouble. She had delivered a female calf and had pushed the uterus out too.

I had never seen anything like this. A 20 kg mass that looked like a watermelon turned inside out lay beside her …
Cancer of the Skin in Negroes
Authors: Jack E. White
Journal: JAMA (1961)

PRIMARY cancer of the skin is one of the most common forms of malignant tumor in the white race. Contrariwise, the disease appears to be comparatively rare in Negroes. 1-4 Markus, 5 in a study of skin cancer in Dallas, Tex., found the disease to be 27 times more common in white than in Negro men. Others have reported that only about 2 per cent of skin cancers occur in Negroes. The present study was undertaken in an effort to examine the validity of the above incidence figures and, in addition, to discover any important differences in the disease in Negroes as compared to whites.  During the period 1947 through June, 1960, there were 31 cases of cancer of the skin in Negroes seen in the Tumor Clinic and Surgical Department of Freedmen's Hospital. This comprises 1.2 per cent of the malignant tumors seen in Negroes for this period.
Development of a new, simple rat model of early alcohol-induced liver injury based on sensitization of kupffer cells
Authors: Nobuyuki Enomoto, Shunhei Yamashina, Hiroshi Kono, Peter Schemmer, Chantal A. Rivera, Ayako Enomoto, Teruhiro Nishiura, Tetsuro Nishimura, David A. Brenner, Ronald G. Thurman
Journal: Hepatology (1999)

The continuous intragastric in vivo enteral feeding model in the rat developed by Tsukamoto and French has been very useful; however, it requires surgical expertise. Recently, we found that Kupffer cells isolated from rats treated only once with ethanol were sensitized to endotoxin 24 hours later. Accordingly, these experiments were designed to determine if a new, simple animal model of ethanol hepatotoxicity could be developed based on Kupffer cell sensitization. Female Wistar rats were given ethanol (5 g/kg body weight) once every 24 hours intragastrically. Livers were stained with hematoxylin–eosin to assess steatosis, inflammation, and necrosis, and tissue triglycerides, serum transaminases, and plasma endotoxin were measured. Kupffer cells were isolated 0 to 24 hours after one intragastric dose of ethanol daily, and intracellular Ca 2+ ([Ca 2+ ] i ) was measured using fura–2, while tumor necrosis factor α (TNF–α) was measured by enzyme–linked immunosorbent assay. CD14 was evaluated by Western and Northern analysis. Ethanol caused steatosis, necrosis, and inflammation in only a few weeks, and after 8 weeks, serum aspartate transaminase (AST) levels were doubled. Values were similar to levels achieved in the enteral feeding model. Triglycerides were also increased significantly by ethanol as expected, and endotoxin levels were increased to 70 to 80 pg/mL. This latter increase was prevented (&lt;20 pg/mL) by antibiotics implicating endotoxin. In isolated Kupffer cells from untreated control rats, [Ca 2+ ] i increased to 82 ± 7 nmol/L after addition of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (100 ng/mL), and levels were elevated about twofold by ethanol given 24 hours earlier (174 ± 15 nmol/L). In addition, TNF–α production by Kupffer cells was increased fourfold in cells isolated from rats treated with ethanol 24 hours earlier. Sterilization of the gut with antibiotics blocked all effects of ethanol on [Ca 2+ ] i and TNF–α release completely. Moreover, 4 weeks after ethanol, CD14 in Kupffer cells was elevated about twofold. A new, simple chronic model of ethanol hepatotoxicity has been developed here based on sensitization of Kupffer cells to endotoxin
Evaluation of Phlegmasia Cerulea Dolens Using Radionuclide Venography
Authors: KAREN SENNEWALD, WILLIAM A. FAJMAN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1991)

Phlegmasia cerulea dolens (PCD) is characterized by the presence of massive venous occlusion of the veins in an extremity, leading to ischemia and sometimes gangrene. We report a case of phlegmasia cerulea dolens that was evaluated by radionuclide venography. We report both this case and information regarding phlegmasia and therapy of PCD to promote awareness of this disorder among radiologists and nuclear medicine physicians who perform radionuclide venograms.
Volume doubling time for lung cancer screening
Authors: James M Colclough
Journal: Thorax (2013)

Volume doubling time for lung cancer screeningThis Italian, retrospective cohort study used data collected during the Continuous Observation of Smoking Subjects (COSMOS) study.The aim was to measure volume doubling time (VDT) of incident lung cancers detected by low-density CT screening over 5 consecutive years as a means of identifying slow-growing cancers that might be overdiagnosed, and to evaluate clinical outcomes comparing these with faster growing lesions.Based on previous studies' results, slow-growing or indolent tumours were deemed to have a VDT of >400 days.COSMOS recruited 5203 high-risk volunteers with an adherence rate of 79% for all five scans.During the study, 175 cases (3.2% of participants) of primary lung cancer were identified; 55 prevalent ( present on first scan) and 120 incident cases (found thereafter).Of the incident cases, 25.8% were found to be slow growing or indolent (VDT >400 days).There were 29 cases that underwent invasive procedures for benign disease, 13 of which had VDTs of <400 days.The results are difficult to interpret, but appear to show that screening assists with early diagnosis or treatment and better outcomes.However, there was a marked overlap between benign and malignant disease in terms of VDT, leading to false positives and false negatives indicating that VDT alone is not a valid screening tool.It may be of value if used in combination with other predictors such as risk stratification and PET-CT.Furthermore, improvements in molecular marker recognition and less invasive procedures could reduce the impact of the diagnostic procedures.
Women in prison and use of illicit drugs before arrest.
Authors: A Maden, M Swinton, J Gunn
Journal: BMJ (1990)

virus is strikingly related to that of the other two.Finally, homosexual men have a high prevalence of HIV and hepatitis B virus infections with a low prevalence of antibodies against hepatitis C virus, the presence of which is not related to the presence of either HIV or hepatitis B virus.
Phosphate and Klotho
Authors: Makoto Kuro-o
Journal: Kidney International (2011)

Klotho is a putative aging suppressor gene encoding a single-pass transmembrane co-receptor that makes the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) receptor specific for FGF-23. In addition to multiple endocrine organs, Klotho is expressed in kidney distal convoluted tubules and parathyroid cells, mediating the role of FGF-23 in bone-kidney-parathyroid control of phosphate and calcium. Klotho⁻/⁻ mice display premature aging and chronic kidney disease-associated mineral and bone disorder (CKD-MBD)-like phenotypes mediated by hyperphosphatemia and remediated by phosphate-lowering interventions (diets low in phosphate or vitamin D; knockouts of 1α-hydroxylase, vitamin D receptor, or NaPi cotransporter). CKD can be seen as a state of hyperphosphatemia-induced accelerated aging associated with Klotho deficiency. Humans with CKD experience decreased Klotho expression as early as stage 1 CKD; Klotho continues to decline as CKD progresses, causing FGF-23 resistance and provoking large FGF-23 and parathyroid hormone increases, and hypovitaminosis D. Secreted Klotho protein, formed by extracellular clipping, exerts FGF-23-independent phosphaturic and calcium-conserving effects through its paracrine action on the proximal and distal tubules, respectively. We contend that decreased Klotho expression is the earliest biomarker of CKD and the initiator of CKD-MBD pathophysiology. Maintaining normal phosphate levels with phosphate binders in patients with CKD with declining Klotho expression is expected to reduce mineral and vascular derangements.
Lung Ventilation Scanning with a New Carbon Particle Radioaerosol (Technegas) Preliminary Patient Studies
Authors: DANIEL S. RIMKUS, WILLIAM L. ASHBURN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1990)

A new Tc-99m labeled carbon particle aerosol (“Technegas”) has been developed for lung ventilation scanning. This is the first reported clinical study of this agent in the United States. A total of 23 subjects were studied. Thirteen had comparative Xe-133 studies, and in seven patients pulmonary angiograms were available. The Technegas study agreed closely with the Xe-133 results in 10 out of 13 patients, while the pulmonary angiogram confirmed the Technegas and perfusion scan findings in seven out of seven cases. The Technegas scan was easily performed and well tolerated by all patients. If further clinical trials confirm these preliminary findings, Technegas may become the preferred agent for lung ventilation scanning.
Correction: Manslaughter by Fake Artesunate in Asia—Will Africa Be Next?
Authors: Paul N Newton, Rose McGready, Facundo Fernandez, Michael D Green, Manuela Sunjio, Carinne Bruneton, Souly Phanouvong, Pascal Millet, Christopher J. M Whitty, Ambrose O Talisuna, Stephane Proux, Eva Maria Christophel, Grace Malenga, Pratap Singhasivanon, Kalifa Bojang, Harparkash Kaur, Kevin Palmer, Nicholas P. J Day, Brian M Greenwood, François Nosten, Nicholas J White
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2006)

In the fi rst paragraph of the section The Epidemic of Counterfeit Artesunate in Southeast Asia, the sentence "Counterfeit artesunate continues to circulate on a vast scale in mainland Southeast Asia, where between 38% and 52% of "artesunate" blister packs sampled contain no active ingredient [1-5]" should be "Counterfeit artesunate continues to circulate on a vast scale in mainland Southeast Asia, where between 38% and 53% of "artesunate" blister packs sampled contain no active ingredient [1][2][3][4][5]."
Alterations in Gastric Mucin With Malignant Transformation: Novel Pathway for Mucin Synthesis
Authors: Yoshito Yamashita, Yong S. Chung, Ryuichi Horie, Reiji Kannagi, Michio Sowa
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1995)

Journal Article Alterations in Gastric Mucin With Malignant Transformation: Novel Pathway for Mucin Synthesis Get access Yoshito Yamashita, Yoshito Yamashita Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Yong S. Chung, Yong S. Chung Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Ryuichi Horie, Ryuichi Horie Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Reiji Kannagi, Reiji Kannagi Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Michio Sowa Michio Sowa Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 87, Issue 6, 15 March 1995, Pages 441–446, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/87.6.441 Published: 15 March 1995 Article history Received: 19 August 1994 Revision received: 15 November 1994 Accepted: 21 December 1994 Published: 15 March 1995
Reply to Hoff et al.
Authors: R. Lambert
Journal: Endoscopy (2002)

In their letter to the editors, Geir Hoff and colleagues stress that the cumulative all-cause mortality occurring after a screening procedure should be considered as an important factor in the evaluation of the associated benefit. Errors in reporting the causes of death after a screening intervention may occur in opposite directions - either by falsely attributing death from other causes to the specific disease, or by falsely attributing to other causes deaths that are related to screening. With regard to colorectal cancer, death in direct relation to the screening should be classified as a complication of screening; death after endoscopic perforation or surgical treatment would be examples of this. On the other hand, persons in the screened group who are prevented from dying from colorectal cancer may die from other, much more common causes, such as ischemic diseases.
Geographical miss during catheter-based intracoronary beta-radiation: incidence and implications in the BRIE study
Authors: Georgios Sianos, I.Patrick Kay, Marco A Costa, Evelyn Regar, Ken Kozuma, Pim J de Feyter, Eric Boersma, Clemens Disco, Patrick W Serruys
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2001)
Predicting the Outcome From Hypoxic-Ischemic Coma-Reply
Authors: Peter McL. Black
Journal: JAMA (1986)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> Dr Jørgensen's group has made major contributions to the field of hypoxic brain injury: their disagreement with the prognostic criteria proposed by Levy et al<sup>1</sup>underscores the difficulty of establishing any criteria for predicting outcome with satisfactory certitude.
Time to open up the finances of medical journals
Authors: R. Smith
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Perhaps the most striking thing about this paper is that the American publishers—all doctors’ organisations—refused to provide data. Inevitably, readers will wonder what they are hiding.1 The answer, I suspect, is the massive profits that they make from selling reprints of research funded by drug companies.

Around a half of drug sales are in North America, and reprints are …