tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Identification of the Haemolytic Streptococci, with Special Reference to those of the Upper Respiratory Tract
Authors: A B Stewart
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1939)

SINCE the streptococcus was first suspected as being the wetio- logical agent in acute rheumatism evidence has been gradually accumulated in support of this statement, and, since Coburn (1931) named the haemolytic streptococcus, as the causative variety, much additional work has been done.At the 1938 meeting of the British Medical Association many speakers supported this view, Green (1938) reporting a series of 200 cases of acute or subacute cases of rheumatism (58 per cent.had hsemolytic streptococci in the naso-pharynx at the onset of the rheumatic syndrome), and Gordon (1938) reported experimental work which appeared to reconcile the streptococcus and virus theories of the aetiology.In this work arthritis was produced in rabbits by a combination of vaccinia virus and haemolytic streptococci.In view of the importance of the hsemolytic streptococci, most probably as the actual cause, or as an essential contributory factor, the accurate identification of the haomolytic strepto- coccus must be of great importance.Willcox (1938) stressed the importance of recent advances in bacteriological technique as a cause of the advance in the knowledge of the awtiology of acute rheumatism.In this communication methods of isolation, appearance on blood plates, hoemolysin production, fibrinolytic activity, colony appearance, and serological methods will be discussed.It will be noted that discussion of fermentative reactions has been omitted.The variability of such reactions in the case of the hawmolytic streptococcus and the difficulty of reconciling the grouping by this method with other classifications seem sufficient reason for the exclusion of the fermentative reactions as a means of differentiation.27
Peripheral pre-synaptic pathway reduces the heart rate response to sympathetic activation following exercise training: role of NO
Authors: R Mohan
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2000)

Objectives: We tested the hypothesis that the attenuated heart rate (HR) response to sympathetic activation following swim training in the guinea pig (Cavia porcellus) results from a peripheral modulation of pacemaking by nitric oxide (NO). Methods: Nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibition on the increase in heart rate with sympathetic nerve stimulation (SNS) was investigated in the isolated guinea pig double atrial/right stellate ganglion preparation from exercise trained (6-weeks swimming, n=20) and sedentary animals (n=20). Western blot analysis for neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) was performed on the stellate ganglion from both groups. Results: Relative to the control group, the exercise group demonstrated typical exercise adaptations of increased ventricular weight/body weight ratio, enhanced skeletal muscle citrate synthase activity and higher concentrations of [3H]ouabain binding sites in both skeletal and cardiac tissue (P<0.05). The increase in heart rate (bpm) with SNS significantly decreased in the exercise group (n=16) compared to the sedentary group (n=16) from 30±5 to 17±3 bpm at 1 Hz; 67±7 to 47±4 bpm at 3 Hz; 85±9 to 63±4 bpm at 5 Hz and 101±9 to 78±5 bpm at 7 Hz stimulation (P<0.05). The increase in heart rate with cumulative doses (0.1–10 μM) or a single dose (0.1 μM) of bath-applied norepinephrine expressed as the effective doses at which the HR response was 50% of the maximum response (EC50) were similar in both exercise (EC50 −6.08±0.16 M, n=8) and sedentary groups (EC50 −6.18±0.07 M, n=7). Trained animals had significantly more nNOS protein in left stellate ganglion compared to the sedentary group. In the exercise group, the non-isoform selective NOS inhibitor, N-ω nitro-l-arginine (l-NA,100 μM) caused a small but significant increase in the heart rate response to SNS. However, the positive chronotropic response to sympathetic nerve stimulation remained significantly attenuated in the exercise group compared to the sedentary group during NOS inhibition (P<0.05). Conclusions: Our results indicate that there is a significant peripheral pre-synaptic component reducing the HR response to sympathetic activation following training, although NO does not play a dominant role in this response.
Submissions and impact factor 1997–2001: Focus on Sweden
Authors: T Opthof
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2001)

At the occasion of the congress of the European Society of Cardiology in Stockholm in 2001 we provide our readership with data on the impact factor of Cardiovascular Research and on the submission of manuscripts from different parts of the world.

In previous editorials we commented on the steady increase in submissions from Europe during the last decade [1–3]. Fig. 1 shows that submissions in general continue to increase. In 1998 the total number exceeded 1000 per year for the first time. From January 2001 until May 2001 we received over 95 manuscripts per month, although it was about 60 when we took office in 1995. A total number well above 1100 is anticipated for 2001. Fig. 2 shows that the increase in submissions from Europe has stabilized at about 600 per year, making up about 55% of the total number (Fig. 3). From North-America we receive about 24% of the total number and 21% comes from Japan and the rest of the world, each making up half of the latter figure. Most manuscripts come from the the USA (17.5%), followed … 

*Corresponding author. Tel.: +31-30-253-8923; fax: +31-30-253-9036 t.opthof{at}med.uu.nl
Violaceous Necrotic Plaques on the Leg of an Immunosuppressed Patient
Authors: Shuai Xu, Vinod E. Nambudiri, Steven Tahan, Su-jean Seo
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Dermatology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Dermatology journal
The Journal 75 Years Ago
Authors: Herbert A. Selenkow
Journal: JAMA (1967)

To the Editor:—  I have followed with interest the section JAMA 75 YEARS AGO. It might be appropriate to call to your attention that the use of animal thyroid by mouth for the treatment of myxedema was first reported in theBritish Medical Journal, Oct 29, 1892, approximately 75 years ago, and the first editorial to appear inThe Journalconcerning thyroid hormone therapy followed in the issue of Feb 13, 1893.  I am delighted to note that single copies ofThe Journalof 1893 cost 10 cents each against the current 50 cents, but it is much more of a bargain today than it was at that time!
STATIC ELECTRICITY IN TREATMENT OF MORPHINISM.
Authors: A. J. PRESSEY
Journal: JAMA (1903)

Electricity, while not old in medicine, can not be considered new. One of the first advocates of static electricity as a medical agent, I believe, was John Wesley. While endeavoring to educate the people to his ideas of a religious life he spent some time writing and teaching how to apply static electricity for the relief of pain and the cure of certain diseased conditions. He must have given the subject considerable thought and study for much of his advice is as good as that of any of the writings we have at the present time. While there is no doubt in my mind that static electricity may be used to advantage in nearly all forms of neurotic troubles, I shall confine myself in this short paper to its use in the treatment of morphinism. There is no royal road to the cure of drug addictions. There are no specifics, so
Illness of Dorothy Wordsworth.
Authors: I I Gibson
Journal: BMJ (1982)

<h3>Background</h3> ACCEPt, a large cluster randomised control trial, aims to determine if annual testing for 16 to 29 year olds in general practise can reduce chlamydia prevalence. ACCEPt is also the first trial investigating the potential role of the PN in chlamydia testing. To inform the intervention, GPs’ and PNs’ chlamydia knowledge and practises were explored. <h3>Methods</h3> GPs and PNs from 143 clinics were recruited from 54 postcodes in 4 Australian States and asked to complete a survey at time of recruitment. Survey responses were compared using conditional logistic regression to account for GPs and PNs from the same clinics participating. <h3>Results</h3> Of 607 GPs and 126 PNs enrolled in ACCEPt, 86% and 78% completed the questionnaire, respectively. A third of GPs (32%) compared to 23% of PNs (P = 0.076) correctly identified the two age groups with the highest infection rates in women and only 17% vs 16% (P = 0.942) identified the correct age groups in men. Fewer GPs than PNs would offer testing opportunistically to asymptomatic young patients, including women having a Pap smear (55% vs. 84%, P = &lt; 0.001); antenatal checkup (44% vs. 83%, P = &lt; 0.001) and Aboriginal men with a sore throat (33% vs. 79%, P = &lt; 0.001). Fewer GPs than PNs knew that retesting was recommended after chlamydia treatment (87% vs. 93%, P = 0.027); and that the recommended timeframe for retesting was 3 months (26% vs 66%, P = &lt; 0.001). Under half of PNs (41%) reported involvement in chlamydia testing, with 79% wanting greater involvement and 87% wanting further training. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Our survey reveals more gaps in chlamydia knowledge and management among GPs than PNs, which may be contributing to low testing rates in general practise. PNs have a role in increasing chlamydia testing.
Death after Voluntary Hyperventilation
Authors: Joseph H. Bates, James S. Adamson, John A. Pierce
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1966)

VOLUNTABY hyperventilation is commonly employed to evaluate pulmonary function in patients with alveolar underventilation. In a patient of ours with pulmonary insufficiency secondary to neurologic disease prolonged apnea developed, and he died after voluntary overbreathing. By reporting this fatal case, we hope to call attention to this hazard so that it can be avoided in the future.Case ReportA 44-year-old man was referred to the Little Rock Veterans Administration Hospital because of extreme lethargy and somnolence, which had persisted for 72 hours. He was disoriented and unable to give a reliable history at the time of admission, but it . . .
Interleukin-4 inhibits prostaglandin E2 production by freshly prepared adherent rheumatoid synovial cells via inhibition of biosynthesis and gene expression of cyclo-oxygenase II but not of cyclo-oxygenase I.
Authors: E Sugiyama, H Taki, A Kuroda, T Mino, N Yamashita, M Kobayashi
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1996)

To characterise the effect of interleukin-4 (IL-4) on the biosynthesis of cyclo-oxygenases I (COX I) and II (COX II), the rate limiting enzymes of the synthesis of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), in freshly prepared rheumatoid synovial cells.Adherent synovial cells were obtained from rheumatoid synovium by collagenase digestion. The concentrations of PGE2 in culture supernatants were determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. The protein and mRNA concentrations of COX I and COX II were determined by Western blotting and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, respectively.Freshly prepared synovial cells produced large amounts of PGE2. They also showed increased gene expression of COX I and COX II, and synthesised these proteins. IL-4 had suppressive effects on the production of PGE2 by untreated or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulated synovial cells. In addition, IL-4 inhibited the biosynthesis of COX II at the mRNA level. In contrast, it did not modify the protein concentration of COX I. In tests of cell specificity, IL-4 did not reduce the mRNA concentration of COX II in interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1 alpha) stimulated cultured synovial fibroblasts at passages 3-6, but it reduced considerably the mRNA concentrations of COX II in an LPS or IL-1 alpha stimulated U937 monocyte/macrophage cell line.These results suggest that IL-4 might inhibit overproduction of PGE2 in rheumatoid synovia via selective inhibition of the biosynthesis of COX II, and that this inhibition might be specific to macrophage-like synovial cells.
Accumulation, internalization and therapeutic efficacy of neuropilin-1-targeted liposomes
Authors: Eric E. Paoli, Elizabeth S. Ingham, Hua Zhang, Lisa M. Mahakian, Brett Z. Fite, M. Karen Gagnon, Sarah Tam, Azadeh Kheirolomoom, Robert D. Cardiff, Katherine W. Ferrara
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2014)
Ligand-dependent corepressor acts as a novel corepressor of thyroid hormone receptor and represses hepatic lipogenesis in mice
Authors: Yiyun Song, Shifang Shan, Ying Zhang, Wei Liu, Weiqiao Ding, Wenxia Ren, Hongfeng Xia, Xiaojun Li, Qin Zhang, Lei Zhao, Xihua Li, Jun Yan, Hao Ying
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
Allergological evaluation and bronchial responsiveness to metacholine (M) among probable asthmatic (PA) adolescents identified by the international study of asthma and allergies in childhood (ISAAC) protocol
Authors: Inês C Camelo Nunes, Gustavo F Wandalsen, Karyn Chacon, Charles Naspitz, Dirceu Solé
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2002)
Dedifferentiation of human hepatocytes by extracellular matrix proteins in vitro: quantitative and qualitative investigation of cytokeratin 7, 8, 18, 19 and vimentin filaments
Authors: Roman A. Blaheta, Bernd Kronenberger, Dirk Woitaschek, Marcus K. Auth, Martin Scholz, Stephan Weber, Horst Schuldes, Albrecht Encke, Bernd H. Markus
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1998)
Activin-A as an intraovarian modulator: actions, localization, and regulation of the intact dimer in human ovarian cells.
Authors: J Rabinovici, S J Spencer, N Doldi, P C Goldsmith, R Schwall, R B Jaffe
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1992)

The actions, localization, and regulation of activin in the human ovary are unknown. Therefore, the aims of this study were (a) to define the effects of recombinant activin-A and its structural homologue, inhibin-A, on mitogenesis and steroidogenesis (progesterone secretion and aromatase activity) in human preovulatory follicular cells; (b) to localize the activin-A dimer in the human ovary by immunohistochemistry; and (c) to examine regulation of intracellular activin-A production in cultured human follicular cells. In addition to stimulating mitogenic activity, activin-A causes a dose- and time-dependent inhibition of basal and gonadotropin-stimulated progesterone secretion and aromatase activity in human luteinizing follicular cells on day 2 and day 4 of culture. Inhibin-A exerts no effects on mitogenesis, basal or gonadotropin-stimulated progesterone secretion and aromatase activity, and does not alter effects observed with activin-A alone. Immunostaining for dimeric activin-A occurs in granulosa and cumulus cells of human ovarian follicles and in granulosa-lutein cells of the human corpus luteum. cAMP, and to a lesser degree human chorionic gonadotropin and follicle-stimulating hormone, but not inhibin-A, activin-A, or phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, increased the immunostaining for activin-A in cultured granulosa cells. These results indicate that activin-A may function as an autocrine or paracrine regulator of follicular function in the human ovary.
Book: Magic Bullets, Lost Horizons: The Rise and Fall of Antibiotics
Authors: P. Huovinen
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Sebastian G B Amyes Taylor and Francis, £40, pp 272 ISBN 0 415 27203 3 Rating: ![Graphic][1]</img>![Graphic][2]</img>![Graphic][3]</img> The bacterial world is a hidden and quiet one. Although people are full of bacteria, they do not get any impression of what is happening inside without the help of microbiologists. So all the better to listen to them. One of the biggest threats in modern medicine is bacterial resistance to antimicrobial agents. Although this is a topical subject, there are only a handful of books on … [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif [2]: /embed/inline-graphic-2.gif [3]: /embed/inline-graphic-3.gif
Pulmonary fibrosis associated with TINF2 gene mutation: is somatic reversion required?
Authors: Caroline Kannengiesser, Raphael Borie, Patrick Revy
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Pulmonary fibrosis associated with TINF2 gene mutation: is somatic reversion required?To the Editor:We read with great interest the case reported by FUKUHARA et al.[1] of a 43-year-old female patient with dyskeratosis congenita, pulmonary fibrosis and heterozygous mutation in TINF2 (telomerase repeat binding factor 1-interacting nuclear factor 2). TIN2, the TINF2 gene product, TERT (telomere reverse transcriptase) and TERC (telomerase RNA component) participate in the regulation of telomere elongation, in which mutations have been previously found to be associated with familial pulmonary fibrosis in adults [2].Indeed mutations of SFTPC, coding for surfactant protein C, were initially described in children before being described in adults as old as 72 years of age who presented with familial pulmonary fibrosis [3].FIGURE 1 Gene mutation analysis of the TINF2 (telomerase repeat binding factor 1-interacting nuclear factor 2) gene by direct sequencing revealed heterozygous c.814C.T, pArg282Cys (arrow) in a 7-year-old child with severe dyskeratosis congenita.
Results of the German fulvestrant in practice evaluation programme to evaluate the efficacy, safety, tolerability and acceptance of fulvestrant under daily routine conditions.
Authors: M Warm, R Kates, F Overkamp, SG Zaun, N Harbeck
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Abstract #6132 Material and Methods: Fulvestrant is an estrogen receptor (ER) antagonist with a distinct mode of action used in the treatment of postmenopausal women with advanced breast cancer progressing or recurring on an antiestrogen. 848 postmenopausal women with ER+ advanced mamma carcinoma, relapsed during or after adjuvant anti-estrogene treatment, or with a disease progression under an anti-estrogene therapy, were enrolled in this Fulvestrant In Practice Evaluation Programme (IPEP). Under daily routine conditions and without intervention by the sponsor regarding selection of subjects, diagnostic procedures or therapeutic decisions relevant data of the fulvestrant therapy was documented over a period of 9 months. Results: The median patient age was 64 years, 52 % of patients had a co-morbidity, 78 % one or more prior palliative therapies. Efficacy: Clinical benefit was observed in 627/848 patients, including 62 complete and 177 partial remissions. Best response was delayed in 115 patients (not seen at 3 months but at 6 months). Estimated 9-month overall survival (OS) was 89%; 9-month event-free survival (EFS) was 71%. Safety: 244 non-serious adverse events by patient were recorded, most commonly General disorders and administration site conditions, gastrointestinal and musculo-sceletal symptoms. Excluding deaths, 7 serious adverse events were recorded (none attributed to fulvestrant); no new or unexpected safety issues arose. 20 patients died during observation. Tolerability: Tolerability was judged as good to very good by the majority of both specialists and patients with stable values at 3, 6 and 9 months. Acceptance of injection: The vast majority of both doctors and patients found the application via injection to be acceptable or very acceptable, the handling was judged by the doctors as mostly good to very good. Conclusion: Fulvestrant treatment was well tolerated and well accepted in this palliative patient collective, no new safety findings occurred. The treatment showed good efficacy with any patient, who had achieved disease stabilization or better after three months being likely to gain survival benefit from prolonged Fulvestrant therapy. Best response often occured delayed. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(2 Suppl):Abstract nr 6132.
Surgeon found guilty of dishonesty is suspended for six months
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2010)

A former clinical director of surgery who was too “embarrassed” to tell a private hospital that he was banned by his NHS employers from carrying out a range of operations has been suspended from practice for six months by the General Medical Council.

The consultant general surgeon Gideon Lauffer had also operated outside his competence and had failed to tell a patient that he had damaged the man’s left testicle during an inguinal hernia repair procedure, a GMC fitness to practise panel found.

Mr Lauffer, a surgeon with Barking, Havering and Redbridge …
Exhaustive treadmill exercise does not reduce twitch transdiaphragmatic pressure in patients with COPD.
Authors: M I Polkey, D Kyroussis, S E Keilty, C H Hamnegard, G H Mills, M Green, J Moxham
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1995)

Reduced diaphragm contractility has been described in normal subjects after whole body endurance exercise, and it indicates low frequency fatigue (LFF); it is unknown whether LFF is of clinical importance. We therefore studied the effect of treadmill exercise to exhaustion on diaphragm contractility in six patients with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (mean FEV1, 0.71, 27% predicted). The subjects first performed a short (control), treadmill walk and then, after resting, a second walk to a state of severe dyspnea. Cervical magnetic stimulation of the phrenic nerve roots was performed at the start of the study and 20 and 30 min after each walk. The twitch transdiaphragmatic pressure (Tw Pdi) was reproducible (mean coefficient of variation, 5.3%; range, 2 to 12.5%). Mean Twi Pdis were 18.4 cm H2O at baseline and 19.6 cm H2O and 19.2 cm H2O 20 and 30 min after the control walk. At the same times after the exhaustive walk, mean Tw Pdis were 19.6 and 20.4 cm H20. Tw Pdi was not reduced by exhaustive treadmill walking (p > 0.9), and a power calculation showed that the study had a 95% chance of detecting a 10% fall at the 5% significance level. We conclude that Tw Pdi is not reduced when patients with severe COPD walk to a state of extreme breathlessness and that therefore low frequency fatigue of the diaphragm does not occur.
THE SURGICAL TREATMENT OF EXOPHTHALMIC GOITER.
Authors: FRANCIS J. SHEPHERD
Journal: JAMA (1906)

The treatment of exophthalmic goiter by operation is a comparatively recent procedure and its usefulness as a means of relieving this serious disease is not yet conceded by all. In many cases operation is contraindicated, while in others operative measures result often in complete cure, or almost always in improvement. The cause of this disease is not yet sufficiently established, but that many cases are caused by an excess of thyroid tissues is self-evident. Yet in some cases (10 per cent.) it is said there is no enlargement of the thyroid and in many the enlargement is not marked. In some cases, again, enlargement of the thyroid is a late symptom in the disease, while in others the enlargement precedes the other symptoms by months and sometimes years. Goiter has been known to exist for years without producing any marked symptoms of this disease and then they appear. The parenchymatous