tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Engaging the lysosomal compartment to combat B cell malignancies
Authors: Kirsten Grønbæk, Marja Jäättelä
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2009)

The combination of rituximab, a type I anti-CD20 mAb, with conventional chemotherapy has significantly improved the outcome of patients with B cell malignancies. Regardless of this success, many patients still relapse with therapy-resistant disease, highlighting the need for the development of mAbs with higher capacity to induce programmed cell death. The so-called type II anti-CD20 mAbs (e.g., tositumomab) that trigger caspase-independent B cell lymphoma cell death in vitro and show superior efficacy as compared with rituximab in eradicating target cells in mouse models are emerging as the next generation of therapeutic anti-CD20 mAbs. In this issue of the JCI, Ivanov and colleagues identify the lysosomal compartment as a target for type II mAbs (see the related article beginning on page 2143). These data encourage the further clinical development of type II mAbs as well as other lysosome-targeting drugs in the treatment of B cell malignancies.
Outcomes in Children With Idiopathic Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
Authors: Delphine Yung, Allison C. Widlitz, Erika Berman Rosenzweig, Diane Kerstein, Greg Maislin, Robyn J. Barst
Journal: Circulation (2004)

Treatment for idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension in children includes calcium channel blockade (CCB) for acute responders with vasodilator testing and chronic epoprostenol for nonresponders. We sought to determine parameters associated with survival and treatment success.A previously identified cohort of 77 children diagnosed between 1982 and 1995 with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension was followed up through 2002. For acute responders treated with CCB (n=31), survival at 1, 5, and 10 years was 97%, 97%, and 81%, respectively; treatment success was 84%, 68%, and 47%, respectively. Survival for all children treated with epoprostenol (n=35) at 1, 5, and 10 years was 94%, 81%, and 61%, respectively; treatment success was 83%, 57%, and 37%, respectively. Because of the inconsistent availability of epoprostenol before 1995, we defined a "recent medical era" subset by excluding children from the total 77 patient cohort for whom epoprostenol was recommended but was unavailable. Survival in the recent medical era (n=44) at 1, 5, and 10 years was 97%, 97%, and 78%; treatment success was 93%, 86%, and 60%, respectively. Treatment success on CCB decreased significantly when acute responders became nonresponders. Age at diagnosis predicted treatment success in the recent medical era.Survival for children with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension has significantly improved with CCB and epoprostenol. Children who are acute responders are treated with CCB; they are treated with epoprostenol if they become nonresponders. The decrease in survival and in treatment success after 5 years in all children supports the role for transplant evaluation before treatment failure.
Understanding Breast Cancer: The Essential Breast Cancer Reference
Authors: Lewis J. Hellerstein
Journal: JAMA (1996)

Understanding Breast Cancer is one of five educational CD-ROMs for patients and their families produced by ISM, Inc, demonstrating all the benefits one would expect from multimedia. The program starts with a choice of "tutorial" or "interactive" formats. The tutorial format runs through the entire program including causes, diagnosis, surgery, radiation, drug therapy, prevention, social aspects, resources, and questions frequently asked. During the presentation the user can click the mouse on highlighted words for a definition of a medical term used in the program. For certain procedures, such as needle localization biopsy, movie clips demonstrating the technique are provided. A pleasant, nonintimidating female voice reads the information printed on the screen. This ensures that the patient has proper pronunciation of terms and adds usefulness for the blind. The complete program provides a remarkable amount of reliable, current information on breast cancer. It is unavoidable that some information will be above
The anti-IgE antibody omalizumab reduces exacerbations and steroid requirement in allergic asthmatics
Authors: M. Solèr, J. Matz, R. Townley, R. Buhl, J. O'Brien, H. Fox, J. Thirlwell, N. Gupta, G. Della Cioppa
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2001)

The clinical benefit and steroid-sparing effect of treatment with the anti-immunoglobulin-E (IgE) antibody, omalizumab, was assessed in patients with moderate-to-severe allergic asthma. After a run-in period, 546 allergic asthmatics (aged 12–76 yrs), symptomatic despite inhaled corticosteroids (500–1,200 µg daily of beclomethasone dipropionate), were randomized to receive double-blind either placebo or omalizumab every 2 or 4 weeks (depending on body weight and serum total IgE) subcutaneously for 7 months. A constant beclomethasone dose was maintained during a 16-week stable-steroid phase and progressively reduced to the lowest dose required for asthma control over the following 8 weeks. The latter dose was maintained for the next 4 weeks. Asthma exacerbations represented the primary variable. Compared to the placebo group, the omalizumab group showed 58% fewer exacerbations per patient during the stable-steroid phase (p&lt;0.001). During the steroid-reduction phase, there were 52% fewer exacerbations in the omalizumab group versus the placebo group (p&lt;0.001) despite the greater reduction of the beclomethasone dosage on omalizumab (p&lt;0.001). Treatment with omalizumab was well tolerated. The incidence of adverse events was similar in both groups. These results indicate that omalizumab therapy safely improves asthma control in allergic asthmatics who remain symptomatic despite regular use of inhaled corticosteroids and simultaneous reduction in corticosteroid requirement.
Aflatoxins and heroin.
Authors: R. G. Hendrickse, S. M. Maxwell, R. Young
Journal: BMJ (1989)

of the four who believed strongly in iridology initially (belief >90%) also did not change their opinion.Most respondents, however, were less decided before they read the report.Thirty eight (20 of papers in the BMJ, 11 of papers in ] R Coll Gen Pract, and seven of papers in the journals of alternative medicine) were uncertain (belief 40-60%) before reading the report, but two thirds of these (14, nine, and three respectively) did not believe in iridology (belief <10%) after reading it.Four authors indicated that their belief before reading the report was 0% and one that his belief after reading it was 100%.The paper's impact on the 73 other authors was expressed as a likelihood ratio, which was calculated by dividing the odds of belief after reading the report by that before reading it.For example, if a reader's belief changed from 60% to 10% the likelihood ratio=(0 1!09)/(0 6/0 4)=007.The median likelihood ratio was 0-07, with the second quartile=0 03 and the fourth quartile=0 28.The curved lines in the figure that represent these likeli- hood ratios fitted reasonably well with the data, especially at beliefs below 60% before the report was read.The median likelihood ratios for authors of papers in the BMJ, J R Coll Gen Pract, and the journals of alternative medicine were 0-06, 0 06, and 0 17 respectively.
AN ARTICLE CONTRIBUTED TO AN ANNIVERSARY VOLUME IN HONOR OF DOCTOR JOSEPH HERSEY PRATT
Authors: G. CANBY ROBINSON
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1937)

Article1 August 1937AN ARTICLE CONTRIBUTED TO AN ANNIVERSARY VOLUME IN HONOR OF DOCTOR JOSEPH HERSEY PRATTTHE RELATION OF EMOTIONAL STRAIN TO ILLNESS*G. CANBY ROBINSONG. CANBY ROBINSONSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-11-2-345 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptEmotional strain is an expression which is not readily described by words but is better appreciated by reference to personal experience and probably requires a measure of introspection for its understanding. However, emotional strain seems to be the best expression to describe the condition resulting from social or personal maladjustments which produce annoyance, tension or minor emotional disturbances over prolonged periods. Thackeray says in effect in "Vanity Fair" that it is not the great sorrows, but the little troubles that one daily has to bear that make life hard. It is the troubles that patients have to bear daily that...References1. MAYO E: The human problems of an industrial civilization, 1933, The Macmillan Co., New York. Google Scholar2. DUNBAR HF: Emotions and bodily changes, a survey of literature on psychosomatic interrelationships 1910-1933, 1935, Columbia University Press, New York. CrossrefGoogle Scholar3. CANNON WB: The rôle of emotion in disease, ANN. INT. MED., 1936, ix, 1453. Google Scholar4. MEYER A: The "complaint" as the center of genetic-dynamic and nosological teaching in psychiatry, New England Jr. Med., 1928, cxcix, 360. CrossrefGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Baltimore, Maryland*Received for publication June 10, 1937.From the Department of Medicine of The Johns Hopkins University and Hospital.This paper is from a study supported by a grant from the Rockefeller Foundation. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 August 1937Volume 11, Issue 2Page: 345-353KeywordsEmotionsHospital medicine Issue Published: 1 August 1937 PDF downloadLoading ...
387 Protection against infection with an HCV-recombinant vaccinia virus by vaccination with an adenoviral vector enconding hepatitis C virus (HCV) NS4A protein
Authors: L. Arribillaga, P. Sarobe, M. Gorraiz, O. Bruna-Romero, F. Borras-Cuesta, J. Prieto, J. Ruiz, J.J. Lasarte
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2004)
Synergism between smoking and alcohol consumption with respect to serum gamma-glutamyltransferase
Authors: Lutz Philipp Breitling, Elke Raum, Heiko Müller, Dietrich Rothenbacher, Hermann Brenner
Journal: Hepatology (2008)

There is increasing evidence that serum levels of the liver enzyme gamma-glutamyltransferase (gamma-GT) are an important predictor of incidence and mortality of various diseases. Apart from alcohol consumption, body mass index and smoking have been found to be associated with serum levels, but little is known about potential interactions of these factors. The aim of this study was to assess the individual and joint impact of alcohol consumption and smoking on levels of gamma-GT, with particular attention to potential differences by sex. The study was based on data of 8465 subjects aged 50 to 74 years, obtained at baseline examination of the ESTHER study, a large population-based cohort study in Germany. Exposure-outcome relationships were assessed in women and men, adjusting for potential confounders by multiple regression. In both sexes, moderate to heavy alcohol consumption (100+ g/week) was associated with 1.7-fold increased odds of elevated gamma-GT (>50 IU/L) in reference to nonsmoking alcohol abstainers, whereas smoking by itself was unrelated to gamma-GT. However, when moderate to heavy alcohol consumption was present in combination with heavy smoking, the odds ratios (95% CI) increased to 2.9 (1.1-7.6) in women and to 3.8 (2.2-6.6) in men (test for interaction between alcohol consumption and smoking: P(females) = 0.12, P(males) = 0.0017).Our results support the notion of a detrimental interaction between cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption as determinants of elevated serum gamma-GT, especially in men.
Kysto-gastrostomie sous échoendoscopie par prothèse métallique couverte auto-expansive courte type “diabolo”: résultats prospectifs à 3 mois
Authors: G Vanbiervliet, E Gelsi, C Gomercic, D Ouvrier, J Filippi, A Philippon, X Hébuterne
Journal: Endoscopy (2013)

La kystogastrostomie sous écho endoscopie est une technique de référence pour le drainage des collections para gastriques symptomatiques. Le but de l'étude était de déterminer l'efficacité des nouvelles prothèses métalliques couvertes courtes «diabolo» lors de kystogastrostomie sous écho endoscopie dans le traitement des collections para gastriques symptomatiques.
831 DELAYED DECLINE OF ON-TREATMENT HEMOGLOBIN WAS ASSOCIATED WITH BETTER SUSTAINED VIROLOGICAL RESPONSES IN GENOTYPE-2 CHRONIC HEPATITIS C PATIENTS RECEIVING PEG-IFN/RBV TREATMENT
Authors: W.-J. Jeng, C.-Y. Lin, C.-W. Huang, C.-H. Huang, W.-T. Chen, T.-C. Chang, I.-S. Sheen
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
Neurogenic Inflammation: Literature on Toluene Diisocyanate
Authors: Cristina Mapp
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1994)

William Meggs's recent article, "Neuro- genic Inflammation and Sensitivity to Environmental chemicals" (EHP 101:234- 238), provides a useful introduction to a rapidly growing area of knowledge in phys- iology and posits a number of interesting hypotheses regarding the health effects of airborne chemicals.Some specific technical points, however, merit comment.Meggs describes the common chemical sense as "a nasal sensation provoked by air-
Abstract 392: The role of post surgical inflammation in tumor progression in breast cancer
Authors: Mercedes Rincon, Ted James, Janice Bunn
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Introduction The process of chronic inflammation inducing malignant transformation is well known and recognized in several disease states, including ulcerative colitis (colorectal carcinoma), chronic wounds (squamous cell carcinoma), and hepatitis B infection (hepatocellular carcinoma) as common examples. Recent evidence suggests that this process may be relevant in other tumor types and may be influenced by inflammation arising secondary to interventional procedures. The purpose of this study is to investigate the potential role of inflammatory mediators resulting from the post-surgical healing process on tumor proliferation and progression to metastasis in breast cancer. Methods We used MMTV-PyV MT female mice (transgenic mice expressing the middle T antigen of the polyomavirus under the control of the MMTV promoter/enhancer) as a mouse model of human epidermal breast cancer. Mice underwent a surgical punch biopsy (2 mm) in the center of the tumor, or underwent the same procedure (transient anesthesia) without biopsy. Mice were paired according to the tumor size at the time of biopsy. Mice were then euthanized 8 days after biopsy, and lungs were harvested and histologically examined for the presence of micrometastases. To further evaluate the effect of inflammation in the development of metastases, a separate subset of mice were treated with ibuprofen versus vehicle (placebo control) for three days after biopsy. Results No substantial difference in the primary tumor growth was observed after biopsy between the various groups. However, a greater number of metastases were found in the lungs of mice that underwent biopsy relative to the number in mice that did not receive biopsy. The number of metastases was reduced in the set of mice receiving ibuprofen treatment following the biopsy procedure (9.3 vs. 25 p&amp;lt;0.05). Conclusion Our study provides evidence to suggest that inflammatory mediators arising secondary to the healing process may stimulate tumor proliferation and metastasis. These findings may hold significance for the timing of breast cancer treatment following diagnostic needle biopsy, as well as for the potential impact of excisional biopsy on the outcome of patients with breast cancer. Further research into the mechanisms of this interaction may help to increase our understanding of breast cancer biology and may yield new strategies (e.g. anti-inflammatory medication) to optimize treatment and outcome. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 392. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-392
Blood and Other Body Fluids
Authors: F. T. Jung
Journal: JAMA (1961)

This is the first of a series of handbooks planned by a committee of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology. About half of it ( 12 sections) is concerned with the blood; the remainder ( 13 sections ) deals with hemolymph, cerebrospinal fluid, water and electrolyte content of nervous tissue, fluids of body cavities, total body water and its intracellular and extracellular fractions, urine, digestive secretions, reproductive secretions, milk, dermal secretions, fluids of ear and eye, and body fluids (especially blood) during pregnancy. While the emphasis is on data from man, data on animals, including invertebrates, make up a substantial part of the book. The total amount of information is stupendous and testifies to the diligence of investigators in biology; the care with which it has been digested and set forth by the advisory committee and the handbook staff deserves the highest praise. This book is recommended as an essential reference
Immunoglobulin and complement bearing polymorphonuclear leukocytes in allergic contact dermatitis and psoriasis vulgaris*
Authors: J. HUNYADI, F. HAMERLINCK, R.H. CORMANE
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1976)

Immunofluorescence techniques were used to demonstrate the presence of immunoglobulin (Ig) and complement (C) bearing polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNL) in specimens of skin from the lesions of ten patients with allergic contact dermatitis and of ten with psoriasis vulgaris. The distribution patterns of these Ig‐ and C‐coated cells in the peripheral blood of the twenty patients were also studied. Ten normal healthy controls were included. In cases of allergic contact dermatitis, IgD was the predominant class of Ig on the PMNL. The percentages of C‐bearing PMNL were also significantly increased, suggesting that both molecules might be present on the cell membrane of these cells at the same time. In psoriasis vulgaris, the predominant class of Ig on the PMNL was IgG. The percentages of PMNL coated with C were not significantly raised. These results suggest that in allergic contact dermatitis the PMNL can be coated with both Ig and C which may render them cytophilic; they also show that in psoriasis vulgaris PMNL can bind Ig. In the ten healthy controls, it was possible to distinguish between those PMNL which are and those which arc not bearing immunoglobulin.
The Queen Charlotte's Text-Book of Obstetrics
Authors: P. Rhodes
Journal: BMJ (1965)

Psycho-analysis has provided an enormous stimulus both to thought and to the practice and teaching of medicine.Indeed, it may well be asked if, without those internists who became analysts in the 1920s and 1930s, there would ever have come into being the subject we know to-day as psychosomatic medicine.The book helps us to understand this develop- ment.It is for the specialist reader who is able critically to assess the individual articles in the light of a more comprehensive understanding of anorexia nervosa than the authors present.
Abstract 2394: Spontaneous immune responses against XAGE-1b in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)
Authors: Yoshihiro Ohue, Shingo Eikawa, Yu Mizote, Nami Okazaki, Midori Isobe, Akiko Uenaka, Minoru Fukuda, Eiichi Nakayama, Mikio Oka
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract BACKGROUND: Cancer/testis (CT) antigen is expressed only in the testis in normal adult tissues and in various types of cancers. There is no expression of MHC antigen in the testis. Therefore, CT antigen is thought to be a promising target for cancer immunotherapy. The XAGE-1 gene has been identified as a CT-like antigen and consists of several isoforms. We recently reported that XAGE-1b was predominantly expressed in lung adenocarcinoma by immunohistochemistry using XAGE-1b mAb (clone USO 9-13). In this study, we investigated humoral and cellular immune responses against XAGE-1b in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sera and PBMCs were obtained from NSCLC patients who visited Kawasaki Medical School Hospital between 2005 and 2009. Antibody response to XAGE-1b was analyzed by ELISA using synthesized XAGE-1b protein. CD4 and CD8 T-cell responses against XAGE-1b were examined by IFN-γ ELISA and/or secretion assay using 17 16- or 17-mer XAGE-1b-overlapping peptides (OLPs) spanning the entire XAGE-1b protein in antibody-positive patients. Epitope peptides recognized by antibody and T-cells were determined by ELISA using XAGE-1b OLPs. RESULTS: Antibody positive frequencies of total 200 NSCLC patients and 69 stage IIIB/IV lung adenocarcinoma patients were 10.0% (20/200) and 18.8% (13/69), respectively. The peptide regions frequently recognized by the antibody were XAGE1b peptides 25-40, 29-44 and 33-48. CD4 and CD8 T-cell responses against XAGE-1b were observed in 14 (87.5%) of 16 patients and 6 (66.7%) of 9 patients, respectively, in the antibody-positive patients. No response was observed in 5 antibody-negative patients and 5 healthy donors. The XAGE-1b peptide regions dominantly recognized by CD4 and CD8 T-cells were XAGE-1b peptides 13-28 and 33-48 for CD4 and XAGE-1b peptide 29-44 for CD8. Furthermore, the minimal epitope peptides bound to HLA-DR4.1 and DP5 recognized by CD4 T-cell clones and those bound to HLA-A2 and Cw1 recognized by CD8 T-cell clones were determined. CONCLUSION: Our findings indicate that CT antigen XAGE-1b is highly immunogenic in NSCLC patients inducing antibody, and CD4 and CD8 T-cell responses. Thus, XAGE-1b is a promising target antigen for immunotherapy against lung adenocarcinoma. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2394.
Preregistration house officers in the Thames regions: changes in quality of training after four years.
Authors: J H Gillard, T H Dent, E J Aarons, H L Crimlisk, P J Smyth-Pigott, M W Nicholls
Journal: BMJ (1993)

To measure changes in the training and workload of preregistration house officers over four years.Postal questionnaire.The Thames health regions.1049 preregistration house officers.Response rate was 69% (725 replies). The proportion of house officers officially on duty > 83 hours a week fell from at least 42% to 21%, and the proportion officially on duty < or = 72 hours rose from no more than 9% to 40%. Adequate guidance in breaking bad news increased from 25% to 46% (p < 0.0001; 95% confidence interval for difference, 16.2% to 25.8%) and guidance in pain control increased from 36% to 46% (p < 0.01; 5.0% to 15.0%). The number of house officers attending an induction course increased from 61% to 94% (p < 0.001; 28.9% to 37.1%). There was no change in the proportion unable to attend formal educational sessions because of clinical commitments or in levels of satisfaction with consultants' educational supervision. The median number of inpatients under house officers' care fell from 20 to 17, but the numbers of patients clerked in an average week showed little change. House officers were less satisfied with the clinical experience their post provided (proportion dissatisfied rose from 30% to 39%; p < 0.01; 4.2% to 13.8%) and less enthusiastic about recommending their post to a friend (proportion neutral or not recommending rose from 30% to 42%, p < 0.0001; 7.9% to 16.9%).Despite progress in reducing hours of duty and providing induction courses, the training that hospitals and consultants provide for house officers is still unsatisfactory and inconsistent with the General Medical Council's recommendations.
Cangrelor reduced ischemic PCI complications more than clopidogrel without increasing severe bleeding
Authors: Robert K. Riezebos, Freek W.A. Verheugt
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2013)

Source Citation Bhatt DL, Stone GW, Mahaffey KW, et al; CHAMPION PHOENIX Investigators. Effect of platelet inhibition with cangrelor during PCI on ischemic events. N Engl J Med. 2013;368:1303-13. 23473369