tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 22: Influence of Smoking and Sex on Genetic Associations of Body Fat Distribution: The Giant (Genetic Investigation of ANthropometric Traits) Consortium
Authors: Kristin L Young, David Hadley, Anne Justice, Thomas Winkler, Misa Graff, Julius Ngwa, Jake Czajkowski, Tarunveer S Ahluwalia, L. Xue, Quibin Qi, Anubha Mahajan, Lu Qi, Paul Franks, Keri Monda, Nancy L Heard-Costa, Tuomas O Kilpeläinen, Ruth Loos, Ingrid Borecki, Kari North, L. Adrienne Cupples
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Visceral fat and smoking are important risk factors for CVD and other long-term poor health outcomes. Central adiposity is frequently assessed in population studies using waist-to-hip ratio adjusted for BMI (WHRadjBMI). Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have discovered loci that influence WHRadjBMI, sometimes with sex-specific effects. However, we do not know whether and how smoking behavior influences the association between genetic variants and WHRadjBMI. Our study investigates the influence of smoking and genetic variants on WHRadjBMI, with particular consideration for differential effects by sex. Forty-one GIANT GWAS (108,397 participants) were used to investigate the influence of smoking on SNP WHRadjBMI associations using sex-stratified models considering SNP main effects adjusted for smoking status, and SNP main effects stratified by smoking status. Results from each study were meta-analyzed using an inverse-variance weighted fixed-effects model for men and women separately as well as combined. A total of 19 SNPs reached genome-wide significance (p&lt;5x10-8) having adjusted the SNP effect for smoking across strata (women, men, and combined), including 11 previously reported WHRadjBMI loci. For known WHRadjBMI loci, the influence of smoking varied by sex. In women, four known WHRadjBMI SNPs (TBX15, DNM3, RSPO3, and ADAMTS9) had a greater effect in smokers vs. nonsmokers (TBX15: β(SE) = 0.0506 (0.014), p = 3.84x10-4) vs. β(SE) = 0.0382 (0.0072), p = 1.14x10-7). Three of these (TBX15, DNM3, RSPO3) have been previously associated with tobacco use disorder (TUD). In men, three known WHRadjBMI loci (ADAMTS9, DNM3, ZNRF3) had a greater effect among smokers vs nonsmokers (ZNRF3: β(SE) = 0.0365 (0.0148), p = 1.37x10-2) vs β(SE) = 0.0192 (0.0088), p = 12.87x10-2). Eight of our 19 top SNPs have not been previously associated with WHRadjBMI (within 500 kb). Of these eight loci, distinct patterns of association by smoking and sex were again noted. In addition, one locus (ABCA1) has been previously associated with TUD. In addition to identifying novel loci associated with body fat distribution, these findings underscore the importance of considering the effect of smoking when investigating the genetics of obesity related phenotypes and emphasize the need to consider sex separately when studying the effects of smoking on body fat distribution.
Studies of Immunity in Mice Surviving Systemic Leukemia L1210
Authors: Abraham Goldin, Stewart R. Humphreys
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1960)

The current studies conducted in first generation (BALB/cAn × DBA/2J)F1 hybrid male mice show that mice surviving systemic leukemia L1210 as the result of treatment with the halogenated derivatives of amethopterin, 3′,5′-dichloroamethopterin and 3′bromo-5′-chloroamethopterin, may become immune to reinoculation of the leukemia. This phenomenon could not be attributed to any persistence of the halogenated derivatives of amethopterin in the host. Many of the long-term survivors of systemic leukemia appeared markedly immune to reinoculation, the reinoculum showing no evidence of growth. Other surviving mice showed partial immunity, the reinoculum growing slowly and killing the mice considerably later than is ordinarily observed with this leukemia. For the partially immune mice a positive correlation was observed between the size of the local tumor prior to death and the time of death. Evidence was obtained that the slow growth of the tumor in a partially immune mouse did not persist on transfer. The immune state may persist and was demonstrable on repeated reinoculation of the leukemia. Such immune mice appeared to be free of leukemic cells. The appearance of immunity was less readily demonstrable on successful treatment initiated early, when the disease is relatively localized. Transfer of blood or spleen of DBA/2J mice to the hybrids failed to elicit an immune response against the leukemia. BALB/cAn mice were also found to be immune to leukemia L1210 after spontaneous regression of the tumor. Immunological phenomena in chemotherapy studies of the host-tumor relationship are discussed.
Acute Myocardial Infarction and Complete Bundle Branch Block at Hospital Admission: Clinical Characteristics and Outcome in the Thrombolytic Era fn1fn1This study was supported by grants from Bayer Corporation, New York, New York; Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California; CIBA-Corning, Medford, Massachusetts; ICI Pharmaceuticals, Wilmington, Delaware; and Sanofi Pharmaceuticals, Paris, France.
Authors: Elena B. Sgarbossa, Sergio L. Pinski, Eric J. Topol, Robert M. Califf, Alejandro Barbagelata, Shaun G. Goodman, Kathy B. Gates, Christopher B. Granger, Dave P. Miller, Donald A. Underwood, Galen S. Wagner
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1998)
Roles of Fc receptors in autoimmunity
Authors: Toshiyuki Takai
Journal: Nature reviews. Immunology (2002)

The receptors for the Fc of immunoglobulins, Fc receptors (FcRs), link the humoral and cellular branches of the immune system, and they have important functions in the activation and down-modulation of immune responses. Balanced signalling through activating and inhibitory FcRs regulates the activity of various cells in the immune system. Recent work in animal models indicates that the development of many human autoimmune diseases might be caused by impairment of the FcR regulatory system. This review provides an overview of the mechanisms of FcR-based immune regulation and describes how autoimmune disease might result from its dysfunction.
Abstract P154: The Effects of ‘Hands-only Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR)’ in CPR Education in School
Authors: Jun Hwi Cho, Joong Bum Moon, Yoon Seong Kim, Hyun Young Choi, Myung Cheol Shin, Giuseppe Ristagno
Journal: Circulation (2009)

Introduction:  The success of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) depends on rapidity of intervention and quality of CPR. The American Heart Association (AHA) has recently recommended ‘Hands-only CPR’, without ventilation, for bystander rescuers. In the present study, we investigated the educational effects of ‘Hands-only CPR’ in elementary school students. We further analyzed this variable on CPR skill learning and retention ability immediately after education.   Hypothesis:  ‘Hands-only CPR’ is easy to learn and permits good skill retention immediately after education.  Methods: We selected two groups of 5 th  grade elementary school students to perform this study. One group has received CPR education with ventilation (CPR with ventilation group), while the other has received hands-only CPR education (hands-only CPR group). Laerdal PC SkillReporting system was used for both education and evaluation immediately after. Skill performance data, together with ventilation data and compression data were registered for further comparison.   Results:  There were no differences in height and weight between two groups (141.5±6.6 cm vs 141.7±6.3 cm in height, 40.5±9.7 kg vs 38.8±9.0 kg in weight). Chest compression had no differences in average rate, average duty cycle, registered with no error, average depth etc. between two groups (table). Average count per minute was 117±12/min in hands-off CPR group compared to 85±13/min in CPR with ventilation group (p=0.001). Registered adequate compression depth was 29±38 in hands-only CPR group and only 18±25 in CPR with ventilation group (p=0.018). The total hands off time was 18±7 seconds in ‘Hand-only CPR’ group in contrast to 40±11 seconds in CPR with ventilation group (table).   Conclusion:  The ‘Hands-only CPR’ in elementary school children increased chest compression rate and adequate compression depth. Moreover, ‘Hands-only CPR’ decreased hands off time during CPR.
Abstract 16584: Abnormal Right Ventricular Strain by Cardiac Magnetic Resonance in Preclinical Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Davis Vigneault, Anneline S te Riele, Cynthia A James, Stefan L Zimmerman, Hugh Calkins, Harikrishna Tandri, David A Bluemke
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Introduction: Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) is an inherited cardiomyopathy characterized by regional wall motion abnormalities of the right ventricle (RV) that have not previously been quantified, resulting in challenges / errors in diagnosis of the disease. RV strain is poorly assessed with tagged cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) due to the thin RV wall. We applied novel feature tracking analysis to assess RV strain in patients with ARVC. Methods: 106 subjects (30 controls, 37 preclinical ARVC [mutation+], and 39 overt ARVC [mutation+, Task Force+] patients) underwent 4 chamber and axial cine imaging using SSFP sequences. The RV was divided into subtricuspid (ST), anterior wall (AW), and apical (Ap) regions. Each region was analyzed to determine peak longitudinal strain and strain-rate using Multimodality Tissue Tracking (MTT) software (MTT Version 6.0.4725, Toshiba Medical Systems Corporation, Tokyo, Japan). Results: Average age was 33.6 ± 16.1 years (48.2% women); there were no differences between groups. In the 4 chamber view, mean global and segmental strain and strain rates decreased in magnitude from control (-37.7% ± 11.2) to preclinical (-32.2% ± 11.5) to overt ARVC (mean -22.2% ± 11.9). Differences between groups most pronounced in the subtricuspid segment, and reached statistical significance between overt ARVC and both control and preclinical ARVC (p &lt; 0.01). A similar trend was observed in longitudinal strain measured in the axial view, but these trends were inconsistent; statistical significance was met globally, but most individual segments did not reach statistical significance. Conclusions: Longitudinal RV strain as measured by CMR feature tracking in ARVC appears able to quantify wall motion abnormalities in overt ARVC, as well as define subtle abnormalities in patients with preclinical ARVC.
PRIMARY SARCOMA OF THE PERICARDIUM; REPORT OF A CASE
Authors: P. G. Boman
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1938)

Case Reports1 August 1938PRIMARY SARCOMA OF THE PERICARDIUM; REPORT OF A CASEP. G. BOMAN, M.D., F.A.C.P.P. G. BOMAN, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-12-2-258 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptPrimary tumors of the heart and pericardium are rare, and a definite diagnosis of such a condition is seldom made except at autopsy. In reviewing this subject, Yater1 states that more than 150 cases of primary tumor of the heart have been reported in the literature, and Lymburner2 in 1934 found 256 such cases recorded. While there is some difference of opinion as to the number of authenticated cases reported, it is evident that these cases are not common and that they are of considerable medical interest.The great majority of the reported primary tumors are benign. Less than 20...Bibliography1. YATER WM: Tumors of the heart and pericardium; pathology, symptomatology and report of nine cases, Arch. Int. Med., xlviii, 627-666. Google Scholar2. LYMBURNER RM: Tumours of heart: histopathological and clinical study, Canadian Med. Assoc. Jr., 1934, xxx, 368-373. Google Scholar3. PERLSTEIN I: Sarcoma of the heart, Am. Jr. Med. Sci., 1918, clvi, 214. CrossrefGoogle Scholar4. MORRIS JJ: Primary sarcoma of heart, Jr. Lab. and Clin. Med., 1933, xviii, 935-940. Google Scholar5. BARNESBEAVERSNELL ARDCAM: Primary sarcoma of the heart; report of case, with electrocardiographic and pathologic studies, Am. Heart Jr., 1931, ix, 480-491. Google Scholar6. WILLIUSAMBERG FAS: Two cases of secondary tumor of heart in children, in one of which diagnosis was made during life, Med. Clin. N. Am., 1930, xiii, 1307-1316. Google Scholar7. SIEGELYOUNG MLAM: Electrocardiographic findings in tumors of the heart, Am. Heart Jr., 1933, viii, 682. CrossrefGoogle Scholar8. HOUCKBENNETT GHGA: Polypoid fibroma of left auricle (so-called cardiac myxoma) causing ball valve action, with report of case, Am. Heart Jr., 1930, v, 787-794. CrossrefGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Duluth, Minnesota*Presented at the meeting of the Minnesota Heart Society, December 7, 1935.From the Department of Medicine, The Duluth Clinic. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byProgressive injury current with metastatic tumor of the heartPrimary sarcoma of the pericardiumDiffuse fibrous mesothelioma of the pericardium. Report of a case and review of the literaturePersistent displacement of the RS-T segment in a case of metastatic tumor of the heartLeiomyoma of the pericardiumPrimary tumor of the heart (entrance of the pulmonary artery) 1 August 1938Volume 12, Issue 2Page: 258-266KeywordsAutopsyBenign tumorsHeartPericardiumSarcoma ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 August 1938 PDF downloadLoading ...
Interleukin-2–Activated Rat Natural Killer Cells Express Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase That Contributes to Cytotoxic Function and Interferon-γ Production
Authors: M. Grazia Cifone, Simona D’Alò, Raffaella Parroni, Danilo Millimaggi, Leda Biordi, Stefano Martinotti, Angela Santoni
Journal: Blood (1999)
Abstract 697: Development of spheroid based high-throughput screening of cell-cell adhesion inhibitors to reverse acquired multicellular resistance
Authors: Kazuya Arai, Manabu Itho, Atsushi Mizuno, Hiromi Miura
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Background: Solid tumors are more resistant to chemo- and radio-therapy than in vitro cancer cells under conventional monolayer culture condition. This phenomenon can be explained by “multicellular resistance” (MCR). It is considered that one of approach for keeping out cancer cells from acquired MCR is inhibition of cell-cell/cell-matrix adherence. Several therapeutic approaches increasing effect of chemo- and radio-therapy by preventing MCR are proposed. However, reports of the approaches are still few. Therefore, we tried to develop a spheroid-based high-throughput screening method of cell-cell adherence inhibitor, for discovery of drug capable of reversing the acquired MCR. Method: For spheroid formation, A549 cells were cultured under three-dimensional condition using NanoCulture® Plate, which is compatible with imaging and HTS systems. After 3 days culture, A549 spheroids were treated with library compounds for 4 days. To evaluate a degree of cell-cell adherence of the spheroids, we used Hypoxia Probe, which is a phosphorescence substrate for visualizing of intra-spheroid hypoxicity. And the signals were detected using Celigo® imaging cytometer. Results: In NanoCulture® Plate, A549 cells formed a number of spheroids. Intra-spheroid hypoxicity was correlated with degree of cell-cell adherence. After screening of inhibitor of cell-cell adherence without cytotoxity, several candidates were evaluated the ability as chemosensitizing agent. Combination treatment with the hit compound and anticancer drug was more effective than each drug alone. Conclusion: We developed a novel high throughput screening method of cell-cell adherence inhibitors. And we acquired several hit compounds capable of reversing the acquired MCR. Note: This abstract was not presented at the meeting. Citation Format: Kazuya Arai, Manabu Itho, Atsushi Mizuno, Hiromi Miura. Development of spheroid based high-throughput screening of cell-cell adhesion inhibitors to reverse acquired multicellular resistance. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 697. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-697
Antidepressants and counselling for major depression in primary care
Authors: W.-C. Leung, A. M. Thornett, D. Curtis, C. Chilvers, M. Dewey
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Editor—In their randomised trial of antidepressant drugs and generic counselling for treating depression, Chilvers et al concluded that generic counselling is as effective as antidepressants and that general practitioners should allow patients to have their preferred treatment.1 Their findings do not, however, support these conclusions.

The authors based their sample size calculation on a difference in mean Beck scores of 5 points as the outcome and found that 44 patients in each arm were required for a power of 80%. This sample size was not achieved in the randomised arms. They did not calculate the sample sizes required for global outcome or remission, but they are likely to be much larger as these outcome variables are categorical. Therefore, the only finding which achieved a power of 80% was related to Beck scores in the combined group of randomised patients and patients expressing preference.

Both general practitioner's rating and the score for research diagnostic criteria in table 1 show that patients choosing counselling were objectively significantly less depressed than the other groups, although their Beck inventory scores were similar. In other words, compared with the other groups, patients choosing counselling were comparatively more depressed subjectively than objectively. These patients were less depressed objectively and might respond more readily than other groups to interventions. Therefore, Chilvers et al should not have combined randomised patients with patients who expressed a preference. Furthermore, they cannot conclude that generic counselling is as effective as antidepressants simply from the apparent lack of differences in Beck scores in the combined patients who expressed a preference.

Chilvers et al further concluded that general practitioners should allow patients to have their preferred treatment. While this recommendation might be appropriate, it does not follow from their findings. To draw this conclusion, the authors would need to compare the outcomes of patients who chose a specific treatment and were offered it with those who requested the same treatment but were offered another treatment instead.
Clinical significance of day 5 peripheral blast clearance rate in the evaluation of early treatment response and prognosis of patients with acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Cong Yu, Qing-lei Kong, Yun-xiang Zhang, Xiang-qin Weng, Jing Wu, Yan Sheng, Chun-lei Jiang, Yong-mei Zhu, Qi Cao, Shu-min Xiong, Jun-min Li, Xiao-dong Xi, Sai-juan Chen, Bing Chen
Journal: Journal of Hematology & Oncology (2015)

Minimal residual disease detection in the bone marrow is usually performed in patients with acute myeloid leukemia undergoing one course of induction chemotherapy. To optimize the chemotherapy strategies, more practical and sensitive markers are needed to monitor the early treatment response during induction. For instance, peripheral blood (PB) blast clearance rate may be considered as such a monitoring marker.PB blasts were monitored through multiparameter flow cytometry (MFC). Absolute counts were determined before treatment (D0) and at specified time points of induction chemotherapy (D3, D5, D7, and D9). The cut-off value of D5 peripheral blast clearance rate (D5-PBCR) was defined through receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Prognostic effects were compared among different patient groups according to D5-PBCR cut-off value.D5-PBCR cut-off value was determined as 99.55%. Prognostic analysis showed that patients with D5-PBCR ≥99.55% more likely achieved complete remission (94.6% vs. 56.1%, P < 0.001) and maintained a relapse-free status than other patients (80.56% vs. 57.14%, P = 0.027). Survival analysis revealed that relapse-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) were longer in patients with D5-PBCR ≥99.55% than in other patients (two-year OS: 71.0% vs. 38.7%, P = 0.011; two-year RFS: 69.4% vs. 30.7%, P = 0.026). In cytogenetic-molecular intermediate-risk group, a subgroup with worse outcome could be distinguished on the basis of D5-PBCR (<99.55%; OS: P = 0.033, RFS: P = 0.086).An effective evaluation method of early treatment response was established by monitoring PB blasts through MFC. D5-PBCR cut-off value (99.55%) can be a reliable reference to predict treatment response and outcome in early stages of chemotherapy. The proposed marker may be used in induction regimen modification and help optimize cytogenetic-molecular prognostic risk stratification.
US and Foreign Drug Names
Authors: Tracy Hampton
Journal: JAMA (2006)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Thrombo-Angiitis Obliterans Among Persons Past Middle Age
Authors: Bayard T. Horton, George E. Brown
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1931)

Article1 November 1931Thrombo-Angiitis Obliterans Among Persons Past Middle AgeBAYARD T. HORTON, M.D., F.A.C.P., GEORGE E. BROWN, M.D., F.A.C.P.BAYARD T. HORTON, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, GEORGE E. BROWN, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-5-5-613 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThrombo-angiitis obliterans usually occurs among men between the ages of twenty-five and fifty years. In a recent study of 150 proved cases by Brown and Allen the youngest patient was aged seventeen years and the oldest sixty-four; only two in the series were more than sixty years. Four other patients have since been observed at the clinic: a woman aged sixty years2; a man aged sixty-three years with involvement of the left hand and both lower extremities; a man, aged sixty-five years, who gave a typical history of intermittent claudication in the arches and muscles of the calf for a...References1 BROWNALLEN GEEV: Thrombo-angiitis obliterans. Philadelphia, 1928, W. B. Saunders Co., 219 pp. Google Scholar2 HORTONBROWN BTGE: Thrombo-angiitis obliterans in women. (In press). Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Rochester, Minn.*Submitted for publication April 3, 1931.†From the Division of Medicine, The Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byBuerger's Disease in WomenKrankheiten der GefäßeBakteriell toxische Schädigungen 1 November 1931Volume 5, Issue 5Page: 613-624KeywordsMuscles ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 November 1931 PDF downloadLoading ...