tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Cardiac Transplantation for Infants With Hypoplastic Left-Heart Syndrome
Authors: Mario Chiavarelli
Journal: JAMA (1993)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To determine whether cardiac transplantation improves the natural history of infants with hypoplastic left-heart syndrome and to examine differences in outcome as a function of the pretransplant period. <h3>Design.</h3> —Retrospective cohort study. Historical, clinical, and laboratory data were collected during the pretransplant period, the in-hospital period, and for up to 6 years following transplantation. Data were analyzed using the product-limit estimate and the log rank test. <h3>Setting.</h3> —A tertiary, acute care, university teaching hospital. <h3>Patients.</h3> —All 111 infants with hypoplastic left-heart syndrome who entered and completed a protocol leading to transplantation from November 19, 1985, to December 31, 1991. Infants who died while waiting for transplantation were included. <h3>Intervention.</h3> —Orthotopic cardiac allotransplantation. <h3>Main Outcome Measures.</h3> —Pretransplant waiting mortality and its influence on posttransplant survival, operative (in-hospital or within 30 postoperative days in discharged patients) and intermediate-term mortality (5 years), and reoperation rates for cardiac surgery. <h3>Results.</h3> —Transplantation procedures were performed in 84 infants (76%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 66% to 83%) ranging in age from 3 hours to 151 days. Twenty-seven infants registered for transplantation died while awaiting a donor heart. Operative mortality was 13% (CI, 7% to 23%), and 69 patients were late survivors (62% [CI, 52% to 71%] of the study group and 82% [CI, 72% to 89%] of the transplant recipients). Overall 5-year actuarial survival was 61% (CI, 52% to 70%). Transplant recipients had a 5-year survival of 81% (CI, 71% to 88%). Freedom from reoperation was 89% (CI, 76% to 95%) at 5 years. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —Cardiac transplantation for hypoplastic left-heart syndrome has a significant positive impact on the natural history of this uniformly lethal lesion. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1993;270:2944-2947)
An evolutionary framework for mental disorders: Integrating adaptationist and evolutionary genetic models
Authors: Matthew C. Keller, Geoffrey Miller
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2006)

This response (a) integrates non-equilibrium evolutionary genetic models, such as coevolutionary arms-races and recent selective sweeps, into a framework for understanding common, harmful, heritable mental disorders; (b) discusses the forms of ancestral neutrality or balancing selection that may explain some portion of mental disorder risk; and (c) emphasizes that normally functioning psychological adaptations work against a backdrop of mutational and environmental noise.
Schistosoma mansoni infection is associated with a reduced course of asthma
Authors: Manoel Medeiros, Joanemile P. Figueiredo, Maria C. Almeida, Maria Analia Matos, Maria I. Araújo, Alvaro A. Cruz, Ajax M. Atta, Marco Antonio V. Rego, Amélia R. de Jesus, Ernesto A. Taketomi, Edgar M. Carvalho
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2003)
Confrontation Radio-Endoscopique dans l'Etude du Colon Terminal
Authors: S. Segal, J. Diot, Cl. Maffioli
Journal: Endoscopy (1971)

The authors think that radiological examination remains without any doubt extremely important for the study of the terminal colon, but in the event of the slightest doubt it must be complemented by transanal coloscopy.
Deafness in Hollywood
Authors: R. A Crouch
Journal: BMJ (1996)

Hailed as a “cure” for deafness in the media, cochlear implants are touted by otologists as a means of helping people disabled by deafness. Members of the deaf community, invoking the Nazi analogy, see cochlear implantation as the latest weapon in the cultural genocide of deaf people. A pointed dilemma faces the hearing parents of a deaf child: should they attempt to cultivate the minimal oral and auditory skills of their child with the help of technology, or should they eschew implantation and immerse their child in an environment that stresses the acquisition of sign language? Surprisingly, Mr Holland's Opus offers a commentary on this problem.

In typical Hollywood style, Mr Holland's Opus recounts the life of Mr Holland (Richard Dreyfuss), a struggling composer and high school music teacher who changes the lives of his students. The film becomes intriguing when Holland and his wife (Glenne Headly) discover that their newborn …
Controversy surrounds use of test for open spina bifida
Authors: Charles Marwick
Journal: JAMA (1983)

The way has been cleared for widespread use of a first-step prenatal test to detect neural tube defects. The Food and Drug Administration has withdrawn its proposal to restrict use of the test to centers capable of providing diagnostic facilities and offering adequate patient counseling. Professional medical groups, the Spina Bifida Association, and ethicists are concerned that failure to offer follow-up tests and counseling to women with raised maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein levels may lead to unnecessary abortions of normal fetuses.
Quality of Malnutrition Assessment Surveys Conducted During Famine in Ethiopia
Authors: Paul B. Spiegel
Journal: JAMA (2004)

During 1999 and 2000, approximately 10 million people were affected by famine in Ethiopia. Results of nutrition assessments and surveys conducted by humanitarian organizations were used by donors and government agencies to determine needs for food aid and to make other decisions on geographic allocation of limited resources; however, accurate results might have been hampered by methodological errors.To identify common methodological errors in nutrition assessments and surveys and to provide practical recommendations for improvement.Nutrition assessments and surveys (n = 125) conducted by 14 nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) in 54 woredas (districts) in Ethiopia from May 1, 1999, through July 31, 2000. Surveys were ranked as valid and precise according to 5 criteria: use of population proportional to size sampling, sample size, number of clusters, number of children per cluster, and use of weight-for-height index.Number and proportion of surveys that used standard, internationally accepted methods and reported valid and precise results.Fifty-eight of the 125 surveys (46%) were not intended to be standard 30 x 30 cluster surveys. Of the remaining 67 surveys, 6 (9%) met predetermined criteria for validity and precision. All 67 used the anthropometric index of weight-for-height, with 58 (87%) reporting z scores. Fifty-four (81%) used nonrandom sampling without consideration of population size and 6 (9%) had sample sizes of fewer than 500 persons.Major methodological errors were identified among 30 x 30 cluster surveys designed to measure acute malnutrition prevalence in Ethiopia during the famine of 1999-2000. Donor agencies and NGOs should be educated about the need for improved quality of nutrition assessments and their essential role in directing allocation of scarce food resources.
Ca2+ exchange with troponin C and cardiac muscle dynamics
Authors: J. P. Davis, S. B. Tikunova
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2007)

Controversy abounds in the cardiac muscle literature over the rate-limiting steps of cardiac muscle contraction and relaxation. However, the idea of a single biochemical mechanism being the all-inclusive rate-limiting step for cardiac muscle contraction and relaxation may be oversimplified. There is ample evidence that Ca2+ concentration and dynamics, intrinsic cross-bridge properties, and even troponin C (TnC) Ca2+ binding and dissociation can all modulate the mechanical events of cardiac muscle contraction and relaxation. However, TnC has generally been thought to play no role in influencing cardiac muscle dynamics due to the idea that Ca2+ exchange with TnC is very rapid. This definitely is the case for isolated TnC, but not for the more sophisticated biochemical systems of reconstituted thin filaments and myofibrils. This review will discuss the biochemical influences on Ca2+ exchange with TnC and their physiological implications.
Intravenous Magnesium Sulfate in Acute Asthma
Authors: William M. Kufs
Journal: JAMA (1990)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I have several comments concerning the article entitled "Intravenous Magnesium Sulfate for the Treatment of Acute Asthma in the Emergency Department."<sup>1</sup>The authors contend that "conventional nebulized β-agonist therapy has met with disappointing results in an increasing number of moderate to severe asthmatics who may be characterized as 'poor responders'" and reference studies that utilize prior protocols that emphasize subcutaneous β-agonist therapy and hourly inhaled β-agonists in addition to intravenous aminophylline and hydrocortisone therapy.<sup>2,3</sup>They demonstrate that administration of intravenous magnesium results in a significant bronchodilatory effect and suggest its possible role in poor responders to inhaled β-agonist therapy. The fact that approximately 30% of asthmatics require admission to the hospital does not necessarily imply failure of the bronchodilator and the need for an alternative therapy but rather may represent the coexistent mucosal edema and secretions that a β-agonist would not be expected to treat
LB-001 Suppressor Of Cytokine Signalling 3 (socs3) Impacts On Intestinal Epithelial Cell Proliferation During Intestinal Helminth Infection
Authors: E Shaw, K Else, R Rigby
Journal: Gut (2014)

<h3>Introduction</h3> In the murine model of whip worm infection <i>Trichuris muris</i> invades cecal and colonic epithelial cells and elicits either a Th1 (susceptible) or Th2 (resistant) immune response. An increase in intestinal epithelial cell (IEC) turnover has been implicated to aid in the physical expulsion of the worm in the resistant phenotype.<sup>1</sup> Failure to initiate a transient increase in IEC turnover can lead to chronic infection. SOCS3 limits IEC proliferation and its loss is associated with increased tumour growth and hyperproliferation in cancer and intestinal injury models.<sup>2</sup> SOCS3 may have an important role in regulating IEC in intestinal homeostasis and may mediate resistance to pathogens. This study aims to examine the role of SOCS3 in regulating IEC turnover in a murine model of <i>T. muris</i> infection. <h3>Methods</h3> SOCS3 expression was examined in the intestine of <i>T. muris</i> resistant or susceptible mice by immunohistochemistry and real-time PCR. SOCS3 IEC (villin cre) knockdown (SOCS3<sup>fl/fl</sup>-VC) and control (SOCS3<sup>fl/fl</sup>-WT) mice were infected with <i>T. muris</i> and intestinal tissue examined at 3, 12, 21 and 35 days after infection. Crypt depth was measured and cell proliferation rates determined using an EdU Click-iT assay. Worm burden and immune response was assessed at 35 days to determine outcome of infection. <h3>Results</h3> SOCS3 expression (mRNA and protein) was increased in the intestine of susceptible mice compared with resistant mice post <i>T. muris</i> infection. We hypothesised that increased SOCS3 may limit IEC turnover and therefore reduced SOCS3 expression may promote IEC proliferation and expulsion of parasites. At 35 days post-infection there was an increase in proliferation in cecal tissue from SOCS3<sup>fl/fl</sup>-VC vs. SOCS3<sup>fl/fl</sup>-WT mice. This supports an increase in cell turnover, as no concomitant change in crypt depth was observed. Examination of tissue from SOCS3<sup>fl/fl</sup>-VC mice during the early stages of <i>T. muris</i> infection (days 3 and 12) showed little difference in crypt depth, proliferation or inflammation compared to control, suggesting that IEC SOCS3 impacts on crypt dynamics at &gt;12 days post-infection. Evidence of <i>T. muris</i> infection was observed in both SOCS3<sup>fl/fl</sup>-VC and SOCS3<sup>fl/fl</sup>-WT mice at 35 days, but differences in worm burden and immune response remain to be determined. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Intestinal epithelial cell SOCS3 impacts on crypt dynamics during intestinal helminth infection. SOCS3 may play a role in susceptibility to intestinal parasites. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared.
Human Papillomavirus Infection and Cervical Cancer in Latin America
Authors: William C. Reeves, Louise A. Brinton, Mariana García, María M. Brenes, Rolando Herrero, Eduardo Gaitán, Francisco Tenorio, Rosa C. de Britton, William E. Rawls
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1989)

To evaluate a possible association between infection with human papillomavirus (HPV) and cervical cancer, we performed a multicenter case-control study in Latin America of 759 cases of invasive cervical cancer and 1467 randomly selected age-matched controls. Demographic, sexual, behavioral, and other clinical data were obtained by interview, and HPV DNA was assayed in cervical-swab specimens with use of filter in situ hybridization. Cervical infection with HPV 16 or 18 or both was strongly associated with cervical cancer. HPV DNA was detected in 62 percent of the cases but only 32 percent of the controls, and the relative risk of cancer increased from 2.1 (95 percent confidence interval, 1.6 to 2.8) to 9.1 (6.1 to 13.6) with hybridization reactions of increasing strength. Although the number of sexual partners, age at first intercourse, number of live births, and Pap-smear history were also significant risk factors, the strong associations between infection with HPV 16 or 18 or both and cervical cancer persisted after we adjusted for these variables. These observations are consistent with the hypothesis that genital infection with HPV 16 or 18 may have a role in the pathogenesis of cervical cancer. Other well-known risk factors were also identified in the study, but they did not affect the association between HPV and cervical cancer.
Elizabeth Susan Bye (nee Ridgway)
Authors: S. Ridgway
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Elizabeth Susan Bye (nee Ridgway) was born in Northampton on 2 February 1970, but only six weeks after her birth the family moved to Rowney Green in Worcestershire, where she spent all her childhood.

From 4 years old she was educated at Edgbaston High School for Girls. She excelled in art, English literature, and playing the piano. Despite this, she had wanted for many years to read medicine so, after gaining straight As at O level, she opted for science A levels. A year into these she was appointed head girl, but it was now that she saw that life wasn’t just about studying. Swapping the glasses for contact lenses and having a few ’80s perms, Elizabeth found that her grades fell short of those that were anticipated. Fortunately, an opportunity to be interviewed at The London let her sparkling personality shine …
Some possible pathological consequences of peptic ulcer therapy.
Authors: D Poynter
Journal: Gut (1990)

Influence of treatment with pancreatic extracts on pancreatic enzyme secretion SIR,-The article by Mossmer and colleagues (Gut 1989; 30: 1143-9) is a carefully conducted attempt to study the possible negative feedback regulation of pancreatic enzyme secretion.The authors point out a possible flaw in their design, in that they perfused the jejunum with enzymes, rather than the duodenum.Never- theless they failed to show any negative feedback of pancreatic enzyme secretion.In fact their results are consistent with stimulation of CCK release from the jejunum by the protein load, with consequent increased pancreatic enzyme secretion.Similar results were obtained by two groups independently' ! in studies in the dog.Duodenal perfusion with pancreatic juice in the basal state stimulated rather than in- hibited pancreatic enzyme secretion.Mossmer and colleagues cite the evidence for negative feedback inhibition of pancreatic enzyme secretion in the rat, pig, and chicken.Their study emphasises once again the diffi- culties of extrapolating into man from results obtained in other species.Recommendations for expensive treatment with pancreatic ex- tracts that are based on such experimental studies must be viewed with caution.If a clinical benefit for these treatments is demon- strated, this study suggests that a mechanism other than negative feedback inhibition might be involved.
Opinions of The Journal.
Authors: Edward A. Tracyy
Journal: JAMA (1896)

99Broadway, South Boston, Mass., Jan. 31, 1896. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —Thank you for the beautiful plates you had provided for my article on splinting. TheJournalunder your management has become of medical journals in America<i>facile princeps</i>. The matter published during the year is considerably in advance of that in the text-books, and the typographic dressing you give it is worthy of the matter. I congratulate you on your excellent work since editing theJournal, and hope theJournalshall enjoy your services until it attains the circulation it deserves—20,000—and indefinitely after that. Very sincerely,
Comparison of hepatectomy and transcatheter arterial chemoembolization for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma: Necessity for prospective randomized trial
Authors: Fuyo Yoshimi, Takeshi Nagao, Sumio Inoue, Nobuhiro Kawano, Tetsuichiro Muto, Toshiaki Gunji, Shin Ohnishi, Michio Imawari
Journal: Hepatology (1992)

Transcatheter arterial chemoembolization is now widely used in cases of surgically unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma. However, it is unclear whether patients with surgically resectable hepatocellular carcinoma should always be treated with hepatectomy as opposed to transcatheter arterial chemoembolization. Sixty–six patients with hepatocellular carcinoma underwent hepatectomy, whereas 29 patients with more advanced hepatocellular carcinoma were treated with transcatheter arterial chemoembolization at our hospital from 1984 to 1990. All cases were associated with cirrhosis of Child class A or B. All of them underwent hepatectomy or transcatheter arterial chemoembolization for the first time. Their outcomes were determined on March 31, 1991. The backgrounds and survival curves for hepatectomy and transcatheter arterial chemoembolization were compared in both Child A and Child B patients. For both Child A and B patients, no significant difference was found between hepatectomy and transcatheter arterial chemoembolization with respect to age, sex, cause of underlying cirrhosis, liver function assessed by indocyanine green test and maximum diameter of the main tumor. The incidence of multiple hepatocellular carcinoma, more advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (TNM stage III or IV) or both was significantly higher in the transcatheter arterial chemoembolization group than in the hepatectomy group for both Child A and Child B patients. The survival curves of both the hepatectomy and the transcatheter arterial chemoembolization groups showed no significant difference for both Child A and Child B patients. A prospective study is therefore warranted to elucidate whether hepatectomy or transcatheter arterial chemoembolization is more effective for treating resectable hepatocellular carcinoma associated with cirrhosis. (Hepatology 1992;16:702-706.)
Effects of Ramipril on Plasma Fibrinolytic Balance in Patients With Acute Anterior Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Douglas E. Vaughan, Jean-Lucien Rouleau, Paul M. Ridker, J. Malcolm O. Arnold, Francis J. Menapace, Marc A. Pfeffer
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Background The long-term administration of ACE inhibitors to selected patients with left ventricular dysfunction appears to reduce the incidence of recurrent myocardial infarction (MI) and unstable angina pectoris. The mechanisms responsible for the reduction in ischemic events are unknown, but likely candidates include effects on the atherosclerotic process, thrombosis, and/or vascular tone. Methods and Results The effects of ACE inhibitor therapy with ramipril on plasma fibrinolytic variables were assessed in 120 subjects participating in the Healing and Early Afterload Reduction Therapy (HEART) study, a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of acute anterior MI patients who were randomly assigned within 24 hours of the onset of symptoms to receive low-dose ramipril (0.625 mg daily), full-dose ramipril (1.25 mg titrated to 10 mg/d), or placebo for 14 days. Plasma levels of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) activity and PAI-1 antigen and tissue plasminogen activator (TPA) antigen were measured before randomization and on day 14. Clinical characteristics of the three study groups were similar, as were the prerandomization plasma levels of PAI-1 antigen, PAI-1 activity, and TPA antigen. Compared with the placebo group, PAI-1 antigen levels were 44% lower ( P =.004) at day 14 in the ramipril-treated patients, and PAI-1 activity levels were 22% lower ( P =.02). In contrast, plasma TPA levels were not significantly different between the placebo-treated and ramipril-treated groups. Conclusions Treatment with ramipril has a significant impact on plasma fibrinolytic variables during the recovery phase after acute MI. The renin-angiotensin system appears to play an important role in the regulation of vascular fibrinolysis, and interruption of this regulatory pathway may contribute to the clinical benefits of ACE inhibitors.
Neurocognitive Complications of Sickle Cell Anemia in Adults
Authors: Samir K. Ballas
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Benefit of Early Statin Therapy in Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction Who Have Extremely Low Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol
Authors: Ki Hong Lee, Myung Ho Jeong, Ha Mi Kim, Youngkeun Ahn, Jong Hyun Kim, Shung Chull Chae, Young Jo Kim, Seung Ho Hur, In Whan Seong, Taek Jong Hong, Dong Hoon Choi, Myeong Chan Cho, Chong Jin Kim, Ki Bae Seung, Wook Sung Chung, Yang Soo Jang, Seung Woon Rha, Jang Ho Bae, Jeong Gwan Cho, Seung Jung Park
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
A CASE OF PEMPHIGUS VEGETANS
Authors: H. MacCORMAC
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1908)

Journal Article A CASE OF PEMPHIGUS VEGETANS Get access H. MacCORMAC, M.B.Edin. H. MacCORMAC, M.B.Edin. Demonstrator in Bacteriology, Middlesex Hospital Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 20, Issue 9, 1 September 1908, Pages 277–281, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1908.tb16579.x Published: 01 September 1908
Atrial Fibrillation Following Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery-Reply
Authors: Reg Parks
Journal: JAMA (1996)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —In our study of 2417 patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery at 24 McSPI sites, there was no association (relative risk [RR], 0.95; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.72-1.27) between the intraoperative use of an IABP and the occurrence of postoperative AF. In the study by Aranki et al,<sup>1</sup>only 25 patients were treated with an IABP, whereas in our larger study, 142 patients required an intraoperative IABP.