tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Fetal Loss, Twinning and Birth Weight after Oral-Contraceptive Use
Authors: Kenneth J. Rothman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1977)

To evaluate the effect of oral-contraceptive use on subsequent offspring, I reviewed information on the pregnancies of 19,887 women who indicated, in response to a mail questionnaire, that they had used oral contraceptives. The rates of spontaneous abortion and stillbirth were smaller for former users than for nonusers — a finding consistent with previous studies. Twinning was more frequent among births of infants conceived soon after cessation of oral contraceptives, the rate being approximately twice the expected value for women who had used oral contraceptives for more than six months (P = 0.1). The sex distribution of the twins indicated that the increase was mainly in dizygous twins (P = 0.02), in accordance with predictions about increased twinning after cessation of oral contraceptive use. No relation was evident between oral contraceptive use and birth weight. (N Engl J Med 297:468–471, 1977)
High-frequency oscillatory ventilation reduces lung inflammation: a large-animal 24-h model of respiratory distress
Authors: Ralf M. Muellenbach, Markus Kredel, Harun M. Said, Bernd Klosterhalfen, Bernd Zollhoefer, Christian Wunder, Andreas Redel, Michael Schmidt, Norbert Roewer, Jörg Brederlau
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2007)
Precipitation of Acute Intermittent Porphyria by Griseofulvin Therapy
Authors: Alexander Berman
Journal: JAMA (1965)

RECENT STUDIES have shown that liver damage associated with marked disturbances in hepatic pyrrole and porphyrin metabolism develop in mice that are fed large doses of the antifungal antibiotic griseofulvin.<sup>1,2</sup>De Matteis and Rimington<sup>1</sup>fed griseofulvin to albino mice and observed a prompt and significant rise in the fecal protoporphyrin and coproporphyrin excretion. Within a few days of continued griseofulvin administration, a porphyrialike syndrome was produced, characterized by a rise in urinary coproporphyrin, porphobilinogen, and δ-aminolevulinic acid, and later by increased protoporphyrin in the circulating red blood cells (RBC). On withdrawal of the drug, the porphyrin levels gradually returned to normal, and by two weeks after the last dose of the drug, essentially normal values were obtained. Granick<sup>3</sup>cultured chick-embryo liver cells on cover slips, and then added various chemicals known to produce acute porphyria in animals. He was able to demonstrate clearly that griseofulvin, in common
Migration of the Elderly From High Altitudes in Colorado
Authors: Judith G. Regensteiner
Journal: JAMA (1985)

The reason for the reported decline in the proportion of elderly (&gt;60 years) persons at high (&gt;2,456 m) compared with low altitude (&lt;1,376 m) in Colorado was unknown. We hypothesized that adverse effects of high altitude on the elderly, particularly those with heart and lung diseases, prompted their migration to lower elevations. Colorado census data indicated that selective out-migration occurred from high to low altitude among the elderly. Interviews (n=833) in high- and low-altitude Colorado towns revealed that the elderly were unique in that they moved down for reasons of poor health and that for the majority (81%) ill health meant heart and lung diseases. Elderly migrants from high altitude reported heart and lung diseases more frequently than those remaining and cited improvement in symptoms at low altitude. We suggest that symptoms of heart and lung disease are exacerbated with advancing age at high altitude and influence choice of residence. (<i>JAMA</i>1985;253:3124-3128)
Leoligin, the major lignan from Edelweiss, inhibits intimal hyperplasia of venous bypass grafts
Authors: U. Reisinger, S. Schwaiger, I. Zeller, B. Messner, R. Stigler, D. Wiedemann, T. Mayr, C. Seger, T. Schachner, V. M. Dirsch, A. M. Vollmar, J. O. Bonatti, H. Stuppner, G. Laufer, D. Bernhard
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2009)

Despite the lower patency of venous compared with arterial coronary artery bypass grafts, approximately 50% of grafts used are saphenous vein conduits because of their easier accessibility. In a search for ways to increase venous graft patency, we applied the results of a previous pharmacological study screening for non-toxic compounds that inhibit intimal hyperplasia of saphenous vein conduits in organ cultures. Here we analyse the effects and mechanism of action of leoligin [(2S,3R,4R)-4-(3,4-dimethoxybenzyl)-2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)tetrahydrofuran-3-yl]methyl (2Z)-2-methylbut-2-enoat, the major lignan from Edelweiss (Leontopodium alpinum Cass.).We found that leoligin potently inhibits vascular smooth muscle cell (SMC) proliferation by inducing cell cycle arrest in the G1-phase. Leoligin induced cell death neither in SMCs nor, more importantly, in endothelial cells. In a human saphenous vein organ culture model for graft disease, leoligin potently inhibited intimal hyperplasia, and even reversed graft disease in pre-damaged vessels. Furthermore, in an in vivo mouse model for venous bypass graft disease, leoligin potently inhibited intimal hyperplasia.Our data suggest that leoligin might represent a novel non-toxic, non-thrombogenic, endothelial integrity preserving candidate drug for the treatment of vein graft disease.
Antihypertensive Drugs and Danger to Vision-Reply
Authors: Marvin Moser
Journal: JAMA (1977)

A few comments are in order regarding Dr Brown's letter about antihypertensive drugs and the production of optic nerve atrophy as a result of decreased optic nerve circulation. It is no doubt true that a rapid, precipitous drop in blood pressure can temporarily decrease the circulation in the optic nerve and that, theoretically at least, optic atrophy might result. No one is advocating this type of therapy, even in patients with accelerated or malignant hypertension, where rapid lowering of blood pressure is necessary but precipitous lowering of blood pressure is often dangerous. In our long experience, I do not recall having seen a case of optic atrophy as a result of the use of the commonly effective antihypertensive agents, even in patients where inadvertent sudden blood pressure lowering and severe orthostatic hypotension have been produced over a short period. It is possible, of course, for glaucoma to be
The risk of bacteria in foam sclerotherapy: does the condition of the air in outpatient vs. operating rooms make a difference?
Authors: J. Chen, Y.-R. Liu, Y.-D. Sun, C. Liu, S.-Y. Zhuo, K. Li, F.-C. Wei, S.-H. Liu
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2014)

Foam sclerotherapy has been one of the most frequently applied therapeutic methods for the treatment of varicose veins and venous malformation. Few studies have investigated the sterile condition of the air used for foam creation.To evaluate the bacterial conditions in foam created from the air in outpatient and operating rooms used for sclerotherapy treatment, in order to provide the basis for clinical applications in foam sclerotherapy.In this study, we measured the amount of airborne microorganisms in the air in the operating room, and in the outpatient room, the polidocanol (POL) foam created using the air in the respective rooms, and the microorganisms present in the liquid POL. We used the settle plate method for air sampling. We used the Tessari method to generate foam. The experiment was repeated three times.Typical bacterial colonies were formed on nutrient agar plates in both the outpatient room and operating room air groups. No colonies were cultivated in the liquid POL. Although the use of sterile or nonsterile air in sclerotherapy produces significantly different results in the counts of colony-forming units, there was no difference in the foam created using sterile or nonsterile air (i.e. no colonies were cultivated on either foam).There is no increased risk of infection when using foam sclerotherapy in outpatient rooms compared with using foam created under sterile operating-room conditions.
Aberrant Activation of Androgen Receptor in a New Neuropeptide-Autocrine Model of Androgen-Insensitive Prostate Cancer
Authors: Joy C. Yang, Joon-ha Ok, J. Erik Busby, Alexander D. Borowsky, Hsing-Jien Kung, Christopher P. Evans
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract Treatment of advanced prostate cancer with androgen deprivation therapy inevitably renders the tumors castration-resistant and incurable. Under these conditions, neuroendocrine differentiation of prostate cancer (CaP) cells is often detected and neuropeptides released by these cells may facilitate the development of androgen independence. Exemplified by gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP), these neuropeptides transmit their signals through G protein–coupled receptors, which are often overexpressed in prostate cancer, and aberrantly activate androgen receptor (AR) in the absence of androgen. We developed an autocrine neuropeptide model by overexpressing GRP in LNCaP cells and the resultant cell line, LNCaP-GRP, exhibited androgen-independent growth with enhanced motility in vitro. When orthotopically implanted in castrated nude mice, LNCaP-GRP produced aggressive tumors, which express GRP, prostate-specific antigen, and nuclear-localized AR. Chromatin immunoprecipitation studies of LNCaP-GRP clones suggest that GRP activates and recruits AR to the cognate promoter in the absence of androgen. A Src family kinase (SFK) inhibitor, AZD0530, inhibits androgen-independent growth and migration of the GRP-expressing cell lines, and blocks the nuclear translocation of AR, indicating the involvement of SFK in the aberrant activation of AR and demonstrating the potential use of SFK inhibitor in the treatment of castration-resistant CaP. In vivo studies have shown that AZD0530 profoundly inhibits tumor metastasis in severe combined immunodeficient mice implanted with GRP-autocrine LNCaP cells. This xenograft model shows autocrine, neuropeptide- and Src kinase–mediated progression of androgen-independent CaP postcastration, and is potentially useful for testing novel therapeutic agents. [Cancer Res 2009;69(1):151–60]
CARDIOSPASM AND CONCOMITANT ESOPHAGEAL DIVERTICULUM
Authors: John H. Fitzgibbon
Journal: JAMA (1926)

As the occurrence of either cardiospasm or diverticulum of the esophagus is relatively infrequent, the existence of the two conditions in the same individual is rather unusual. Dessecker<sup>1</sup>states that, in eight cases of diverticulum of the lower third of the esophagus, cardiospasm was found in five; and he believes that even when it is absent, a careful history may reveal symptoms of spasm at some time. The accumulation of food in a spot weakened congenitally, or by traction from cicatrices, is thought to be a causative factor. A further contributing factor, he believes, is the negative pressure of air in the thorax as affecting that in the esophagus. Vinson<sup>2</sup>has reported two cases of diverticulum of the middle third of the esophagus associated with cardiospasm. The case here reported presents the very unusual condition of pulsion diverticulum of the upper end of the esophagus with concomitant cardiospasm.
Occurrence of multiple myeloma in both donor and recipient after bone marrow transplantation
Authors: Arun Kumar, Michael J. Styler, David L. Topolsky, Pamela A. Crilley, Thomas M. Przybysz, Douglas E. Gladstone
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2002)

Abstract The transplantation of malignant cells during allogeneic transplant is a rare occurrence. 27 months after donating progenitor cells, a diagnosis of multiple myeloma was made in a 6/6 HLA‐phenotypically matched unrelated donor. The 42‐year‐old recipient transplanted for chronic phase chronic myeloid leukemia developed IgA myeloma 40 months after transplantation. Serum electrophoresis and bone marrow investigations established the diagnosis of IgA K multiple myeloma in both. This case illustrates the natural history and biology of multiple myeloma. Am. J. Hematol. 71:227–228, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Compound heterozygote state for <sup>G</sup>γ<sup>A</sup>γ(δβ)°‐thalassemia and hereditary persistence of fetal hemoglobin
Authors: Supan Fucharoen, Sitthichai Panyasai, Satja Surapot, Goonnapa Fucharoen, Kanokwan Sanchaisuriya
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2005)

We report a hitherto undescribed interaction of a deletional (deltabeta) degrees -thalassemia and a deletional hereditary persistence of fetal hemoglobin (HPFH) in an adult Thai individual. He was a 40-year-old Thai male who had the following hematologic data: Hb 13.9 g/dL, Hct 43.8%, MCV 78.0 fL, MCH 24.7 pg, MCHC 31.6 g/dL, and RDW 17.1%. Hemoglobin analysis revealed 97% Hb F with Ggamma-globin chain predominant. Globin gene analyses demonstrated that he carried the GgammaAgamma(deltabeta) degrees -thalassemia deletion in trans to the HPFH-6. Hematologic data of the patient were compared to those of the heterozygotes for these high-Hb F determinants found in his parents and an unrelated Thai patient with a compound HPFH-6/deletion-inversion Ggamma(Agammadeltabeta) degrees -thalassemia previously described.
Pancreatoduodenal Resection
Authors: Richard B. Cattell
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1945)

DURING the past decade a new field in abdominal surgery has been explored with the successful removal of the duodenum and pancreas for malignant tumors by a radical block pancreatoduodenal resection. Previously, all attempts to remove carcinomas in this area had been confined to local excisions of malignant tumors of the duodenum or ampulla of Vater, which, in the light of the present knowledge, could be considered little more than palliative resections, with a small chance for complete extirpation of the tumor. Furthermore, these excisiens were frequently followed by serious complications, such as retroperitoneal sepsis, external and internal fistulas and . . .
Hyperparathyroidism vs Arteriovenous Fistula as Cause of 'Clubbing'
Authors: Norman H. Engbring
Journal: JAMA (1978)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Drs Leb and Sharma (240:142, 1978) report clubbing in a patient receiving long-term hemodialysis and propose that it is related to the arteriovenous fistula. The photograph and the roentgenogram illustrate changes characteristic, if not pathognomonic, of hyperparathyroidism. Clubbing results from loss of supporting bone of the terminal phalanges, with resultant collapse of the soft tissues. Although most noticeable in the first three digits, the erosion of the tuft of the distal phalanx of the fourth digit is also apparent. Typically, the changes due to hyperparathyroidism are most marked in the radial digits and along the radial aspects of the phalanges. The photograph on p 738 of Williams's<i>Textbook of Endocrinology</i><sup>1</sup>illustrates the relative sparing of the ulnar digits in a patient with hyperparathyroidism, similar to that in the case described by Leb and Sharma. I submit that the clubbing in that case was due to hyperparathyroidism, not
Association Between Chlorthalidone Treatment of Systolic Hypertension and Long-term Survival
Authors: John B. Kostis, Javier Cabrera, Jerry Q. Cheng, Nora M. Cosgrove, Yingzi Deng, Sara L. Pressel, Barry R. Davis
Journal: JAMA (2011)

In the Systolic Hypertension in the Elderly Program (SHEP) trial, conducted between 1985 and 1990, antihypertensive therapy with chlorthalidone-based stepped-care therapy resulted in a lower rate of cardiovascular events than placebo but effects on mortality were not significant.To study the gain in life expectancy of participants randomized to active therapy at the 22-year follow-up.A National Death Index ascertainment of death in the long-term follow-up of a randomized, placebo-controlled, clinical trial (SHEP) of patients aged 60 years or older with isolated systolic hypertension. Recruitment was between March 1, 1985, and January 15, 1988. After the end of a 4.5-year randomized phase of the SHEP trial, all participants were advised to receive active therapy. The time interval between the beginning of recruitment and the ascertainment of death by National Death Index (December 31, 2006) was approximately 22 years (21 years 10 months).Cardiovascular death and all-cause mortality.At the 22-year follow-up, life expectancy gain, expressed as the area between active (n = 2365) and placebo (n = 2371) survival curves, was 105 days (95% CI, -39 to 242; P = .07) for all-cause mortality and 158 days (95% CI, 36-287; P = .009) for cardiovascular death. Each month of active treatment was therefore associated with approximately 1 day extension in life expectancy. The active treatment group had higher survival free from cardiovascular death vs the placebo group (hazard ratio [HR], 0.89; 95% CI, 0.80-0.99; P = .03) but similar survival for all-cause mortality (HR, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.90-1.04; P = .42). There were 1416 deaths (59.9%) in the active treatment group and 1435 deaths (60.5%) in the placebo group (log-rank P = .38, Wilcoxon P = .24). Cardiovascular death was lower in the active treatment group (669 deaths [28.3%]) vs the placebo group (735 deaths [31.0%]; log-rank P = .03, Wilcoxon P = .02). Time to 70th percentile survival was 0.56 years (95% CI, -0.14 to 1.23) longer in the active treatment group vs the placebo group (11.53 vs 10.98 years; P = .03) for all-cause mortality and 1.41 years (95% CI, 0.34-2.61; 17.81 vs 16.39 years; P = .01) for survival free from cardiovascular death.In the SHEP trial, treatment of isolated systolic hypertension with chlorthalidone stepped-care therapy for 4.5 years was associated with longer life expectancy at 22 years of follow-up.
Effector and memory CD8+ T cell fate coupled by T-bet and eomesodermin
Authors: Andrew M Intlekofer, Naofumi Takemoto, E John Wherry, Sarah A Longworth, John T Northrup, Vikram R Palanivel, Alan C Mullen, Christopher R Gasink, Susan M Kaech, Joseph D Miller, Laurent Gapin, Kenneth Ryan, Andreas P Russ, Tullia Lindsten, Jordan S Orange, Ananda W Goldrath, Rafi Ahmed, Steven L Reiner
Journal: Nature Immunology (2005)
Doxycycline Compared with Azithromycin for Treating Women with Genital Chlamydia trachomatis Infections: An Incremental Cost-Effectiveness Analysis
Authors: David Magid
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1996)

Objective: To compare the economic consequences of doxycycline therapy with those of azithromycin therapy for women with uncomplicated cervical chlamydial infections. Design: Decision analysis in which the health outcomes, costs, and cost-effectiveness of two provider-administered treatment strategies for women with uncomplicated cervical chlamydial infections were compared: 1) initial therapy with doxycycline, 100 mg orally twice daily for 7 days [estimated cost, $5.51] and 2) initial therapy with azithromycin, 1 g orally administered as a single dose (estimated cost, $18.75). Results: Under baseline assumptions, the azithromycin strategy incurred fewer major and minor complications and was less expensive overall than the doxycycline strategy despite a higher initial cost for acquiring antibiotic agents. In univariate sensitivity analyses, the azithromycin strategy prevented more major complications but was more expensive than the doxycycline strategy when doxycycline effectiveness was greater than 0.93. In a multivariate sensitivity analysis combining 11 parameter estimates selected so that the cost-effectiveness of the doxycycline strategy would be maximized relative to that of the azithromycin strategy, the azithromycin strategy resulted in fewer complications but was more costly. The incremental cost-effectiveness was $521 per additional major complication prevented. However, if the difference in the cost of azithromycin and doxycycline decreased to $9.80, the azithromycin strategy was less expensive and more effective, even under these extreme conditions. Conclusions: On the basis of the best available data as derived from the literature and experts, the azithromycin strategy was more cost-effective than the doxycycline strategy for women with uncomplicated cervical chlamydial infections. Despite the dominance of the azithromycin strategy over the doxycycline strategy, the adoption of the azithromycin strategy may be limited by the practical financial constraints of our currently fragmented health care system, in which the costs and benefits of preventing chlamydia sequelae are often incurred by different components of the system.
Modern Psychopathology: A Biosocial Approach to Maladaptive Learning and Functioning
Authors: W. C. Ellerbroek
Journal: JAMA (1970)

Psychiatrists must occasionally feel some discomfort over the theoretical and therapeutic encroachments of psychologists in recent years. The distress may be increased by this comprehensive but brief presentation of psychopathology as an integrated whole. The author is head of the psychology department at Lehigh University. This book is an excellent guide for the beginner in the field as well as for the intelligent lay reader. It may well have an even greater value in dispelling bias, for when psychotherapists search herein for their own procedures they will find them, but in addition will be exposed to unambiguous information on many other points of view. From the beginning, Dr. Millon makes it clear that he intends to slight no school of thought, nor does he. If he cherishes a secret commitment to any certain model (other than perhaps so-called "field theory") I, for one, could not find it. His criticisms are
Chorionic villi sampling: cytogenetic and clinical findings in 500 pregnancies.
Authors: N J Leschot, H Wolf, M Verjaal, L C van Prooijen-Knegt, E G de Boer, H H Kanhai, G C Christiaens
Journal: BMJ (1987)

The cytogenetic findings were analysed in a series of 500 pregnancies in which chorionic villi sampling was performed. In all cases a direct method was used, karyotyping being successful in 481 cases (96.2%). The main indication for sampling was maternal age over 36 (412 cases; 82.4%). Abnormal laboratory findings resulted in 24 terminations of pregnancy (4.8%); in addition five unexpected balanced chromosome rearrangements were detected. Twelve of 15 cytogenetic discrepancies were detected at amniocentesis, two after termination, and one at spontaneous abortion. Complete follow up data were available for the first 250 patients, among whom nine pregnancies (3.6%) ended in spontaneous abortion before the 20th week. There were no false negative findings. Seventy additional chromosome studies were performed because of failure of chorionic villi sampling or equivocal results, or for confirmation. Counselling before chorionic villi sampling should include the possibility that subsequent amniocentesis may be needed should mosaicism or other unexpected abnormalities be found. The success rate and accuracy of karyotyping chorionic villi samples by the direct method are acceptable but distinctly less than those of karyotyping cultured amniotic fluid cells.
Letter: Forensic neuropsychiatry.
Authors: C Brewer
Journal: BMJ (1974)

Such side effects rule out the use of 5- FC for vulval candidiasis except where this is disabling.Such cases do, however, occur, and the patient described above has been transformed from an anxious, depressed woman to a happy housewife, all her family siharing the benefits.The 5-PC was provided by Dr. J.
Unbiased Discovery of Glypican as a Receptor for LRRTM4 in Regulating Excitatory Synapse Development
Authors: Joris de Wit, Matthew L. O’Sullivan, Jeffrey N. Savas, Giuseppe Condomitti, Max C. Caccese, Kristel M. Vennekens, John R. Yates, Anirvan Ghosh
Journal: Neuron (2013)
STUDIES WITH RADIOACTIVE DI-AZO DYES. II. THE SYNTHESIS AND PROPERTIES OF RADIOACTIVE DI-BROM TRYPAN BLUE AND RADIOACTIVE DI-BROM EVANS BLUE 1
Authors: Lester H. Tobin, Francis D. Moore
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1943)

Investigations from these laboratories ( 1, 2) deal with the accumulation of radioactive di-brom dyes in abscesses and tumors.The radio-dyes