tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Catheter Ablation for Cardiac Arrhythmias
Authors: Hein J.J. Wellens
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2004)

Cardiac arrhythmias are common; some are life-threatening, others merely a nuisance. They are caused by abnormalities in impulse formation or conduction that lead to slow or fast, regular or irregular heart rhythms. It is not difficult to treat patients with slow rhythms: currently available pacemakers are able to adapt their function to the needs of the body.The situation is different, however, for patients with rapid rhythms. Such rhythms may originate anywhere in the heart and result from a variety of mechanisms. They may be focal, meaning that the abnormal impulse formation is confined to a small area, or they . . .
Complications of Permanent Transvenous Pacing
Authors: Brendan Phibbs, Henry J.L. Marriott
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1985)

Permanent cardiac pacing, particularly by the relatively simple and safe transvenous method, must rank as one of the great cardiologic advances of the 20th century, with a record of thousands of lives saved and more thousands of patients relieved of symptoms previously beyond the reach of medical therapy. It would be wrong, however, to pretend that the procedure was innocuous; permanent implantation of a foreign body within the heart must always entail some risk, and before recommending or implementing permanent pacing, the physician must know what complications may arise and how likely they are to occur.Data recorded in the . . .
Latent transforming growth factor-β: Structural features and mechanisms of activation
Authors: John S. Munger, John G. Harpel, Pierre-Emmanuel Gleizes, Roberta Mazzieri, Irene Nunes, Daniel B. Rifkin
Journal: Kidney International (1997)

Transforming growth factor-beta are cytokines with a wide range of biological effects. They play a pathologic role in inflammatory and fibrosing diseases such as nephrosclerosis. TGF-beta s are secreted in a latent form due to noncovalent association with latency associated peptide (LAP), which is a homodimer formed from the propeptide region of TGF-beta. LAP is disulfide linked to another protein, latent TGF-beta binding protein (LTBP). LTBP has features in common with extracellular matrix proteins, and targets latent TGF-beta to the matrix. Activation of latent TGF-beta can be accomplished in vitro by denaturing treatments, plasmin digestion, ionizing radiation and interaction with thrombospondin. The mechanisms by which latent TGF-beta is activated physiologically are not well understood. Results to date suggest an important role for proteases, particularly plasmin, although other mechanisms probably exist. A general model of activation is proposed in which latent TGF-beta is released from the extracellular matrix by proteases, localized to cell surfaces, and activated by cell-associated plasmin.
Abstract 3416: Cetuximab promotes immunotoxicity against rhabdomyosarcoma in vitro
Authors: Delia Herrmann, Guido Seitz, Steven W. Warmann, Michael Bonin, Jörg Fuchs, Sorin Armeanu-Ebinger
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Novel treatment strategies have to be evaluated to improve the prognosis of advanced stage rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) and to deal with clinical problems such as metastatic invasion, local tumor recurrence or multidrug resistance. Immunotherapy may represent an alternative specific, effective, less toxic and more promising therapeutic approach. Potential targets for antibody therapy of RMS are currently unknown. Differential gene expression analysis between the two main histopathological subtypes - embryonal and alveolar RMS - on 12 primary RMS samples was performed with Affymetrix array technology. Statistical analysis revealed 211 up-regulated and 323 down-regulated transcripts. Ingenuity Pathways analysis based on these results indicated the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) as a central molecule with a 3.9-fold higher expression in embryonal compared to alveolar RMS. Subsequently, the expression of EGFR as well as the binding of the corresponding humanized antibody Cetuximab on embryonal (RD, A-204) and alveolar (Rh30) RMS cell lines was evaluated by flow cytometry. High expression of EGFR was detected in Rh30 and RD cells, whereas Cetuximab did not bind to A-204 at a concentration of 10 µg/ml. Next, the activity of Cetuximab was quantified using proliferation assays, in which viability of the above RMS cell lines ranged between 68% and 107% and was influenced neither by Cetuximab (concentrations ranging from 1 - 100 µg/ml) nor by 10 ng/ml EGF. However, antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity assays with PBMCs revealed potent activity of Cetuximab even at a low concentration of 0.05 µg/ml and a 3- to 4-fold enhanced specific lysis of RMS cells expressing EGFR. These promising effects of Cetuximab must now be tested in a suitable animal model. Note: This abstract was not presented at the AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010 because the presenter was unable to attend. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3416.
Being able to understand minds does not result from a conceptual shift
Authors: Peter Mitchell
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2004)

If anything, Carpendale &amp; Lewis's (C&amp;L's) target article could have gone even further in challenging the view that a radical conceptual shift equips children with a theory of mind. Also, the authors should have elaborated on why their social constructivist account is more plausible than nativism. Their argument against simulation theory is perhaps the least-developed part of their thesis, and does little service to their cause.
Results of 58872 and 58921 trials in acute myeloblastic leukemia and relative value of chemotherapy vs allogeneic bone marrow transplantation in first complete remission: the EORTC Children Leukemia Group report
Authors: N Entz-Werle, S Suciu, J van der Werff ten Bosch, E Vilmer, Y Bertrand, Y Benoit, G Margueritte, E Plouvier, P Boutard, E Vandecruys, A Ferster, P Lutz, A Uyttebroeck, C Hoyoux, A Thyss, X Rialland, L Norton, M-P Pages, N Philippe, J Otten, C Behar
Journal: Leukemia (2005)
Hypoparathyroidism and hypocalcaemia during treatment for acute leukaemia.
Authors: D B Freedman, M Shannon, P Dandona, H G Prentice, A V Hoffbrand
Journal: BMJ (1982)

Nine patients with acute leukaemia developed a complex syndrome of hypocalcaemia and hypomagnesaemia during treatment. These metabolic abnormalities developed rapidly in some patients and gave rise to acute symptoms. Immunoreactive parathormone concentrations in these patients were found to be either absolutely or inappropriately low. Hypomagnesaemia and the action of chemotherapeutic agents, especially adriamycin or cytarabine, or both may have contributed to the pathogenesis of this syndrome.
Proportion of BMJ's editorials on medical subjects is decreasing
Authors: J. M Glass, A. Goldberg, A. K Nigam
Journal: BMJ (1996)

EDITOR,—Clinicians regard medical journals as a vital source of their continuing medical education.1 2 The BMJ particularly is regarded as important reading for both general practitioners and hospital specialists looking to maintain a broad base of up to date medical knowledge. We audited the editorials in the BMJ to establish whether the subjects that they covered had changed over the previous 35 years.

We reviewed all the editorials contained in the first four months' issues of the BMJ at five year intervals …
OSTEOCALCIN POSITIVE CD133&amp;plus;/CD34-/KDR&amp;plus; PROGENITOR CELLS ARE ASSOCIATED WITH POOR GLYCEMIC CONTROL
Authors: Andreas J. Flammer, Martin Reriani, Mario Goessl, Lilach Lerman, Robert Simari, Sundeep Khosla, Amir Lerman
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Prevalence of Liver Disease and Contributing Factors in Patients Receiving Home Parenteral Nutrition for Permanent Intestinal Failure
Authors: Maryan Cavicchi, Philippe Beau, Pascal Crenn, Claude Degott, Bernard Messing
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2000)

Liver cholestasis can be a life-threatening complication during home parenteral nutrition and may lead to combined liver-intestinal transplantation.To assess the prevalence of home parenteral nutrition-related liver disease and its contributing factors in patients with permanent intestinal failure.Prospective cohort study.Two approved home parenteral nutrition centers.90 patients with permanent intestinal failure who were receiving home parenteral nutrition were enrolled from 1985 to 1996.Clinical, biological, endoscopic, and ultrasonographic follow-up. Histologic examination of the liver was done in 57 patients (112 liver biopsies).The Kaplan-Meier method was used to determine the actuarial occurrence of chronic cholestasis and complicated home parenteral nutrition-related liver disease (bilirubin level > or =60 micromol/L [3.5 mg/dL], factor V level < or =50%, portal hypertension, encephalopathy, ascites, gastrointestinal bleeding, or histologically proven extensive fibrosis or cirrhosis). Contributing factors were assessed by using univariate and multivariate (Cox model) analysis.58 patients (65%) developed chronic cholestasis after a median of 6 months (range, 3 to 132 months), and 37 (41.5%) developed complicated home parenteral nutrition-related liver disease after a median of 17 months (range, 2 to 155 months). Of these patients, 17 showed extensive fibrosis after 26 months (range, 2 to 148 months) and 5 had cirrhosis after 37 months (range, 26 to 77 months). The prevalence of complicated home parenteral nutrition-related liver disease was 26%+/-9% at 2 years and 50%+/-13% at 6 years. Six patients died of liver disease (22% of all deaths). In multivariate analysis, chronic cholestasis was significantly associated with a parenteral nutrition-independent risk for liver disease, a bowel remnant shorter than 50 cm in length, and a parenteral lipid intake of 1 g/kg of body weight per day or more (omega-6-rich long-chain triglycerides), whereas complicated home parenteral nutrition-related liver disease was significantly associated with chronic cholestasis and lipid parenteral intake of 1 g/kg per day or more.The prevalence of complicated home parenteral nutrition-related liver disease increased with longer duration of parenteral nutrition. This condition was one of the main causes of death in patients with permanent intestinal failure. Parenteral intake of omega-6-rich long-chain triglycerides lipid emulsion consisting of less than 1 g/kg per day is recommended in these patients.
Scintigraphic Demonstration of Restored Denver Peritoneovenous Shunt Patency Using Urokinase
Authors: HELENA BALON, DARLENE FINK-BENNETT
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1989)

Denver peritoneovenous shunts provide effective therapy in intractable ascites by diverting the ascitid fluid into the venous circulation. The Denver shunt consists of a peritoneal catheter, a pump chamber with a one-way valve allowing active pumping of fluid by the patient, and a venous catheter. In cases of occlusion, fibrinolytic agents are used to restore shunt patency. The patency of a Denver shunt can be easily assessed by radionuclide imaging.
Express saccades and visual attention
Authors: B. Fischer, H. Weber
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1993)

Abstract One of the most intriguing and controversial observations in oculomotor research in recent years is the phenomenon of express saccades in monkeys and man. These are saccades with such short reaction times (100 msec in man, 70 msec in monkeys) that some experts on eye movements still regard them as artifacts or as anticipatory reactions that do not need any further explanation. On the other hand, some research groups consider them not only authentic but also a valuable means of investigating the mechanisms of saccade generation, the coordination of vision and eye movements, and the mechanisms of visual attention. This target article puts together pieces of experimental evidence in oculomotor and related research – with special emphasis on the express saccade – to enhance our present understanding of the coordination of vision, visual attention, and the eye movements subserving visual perception and cognition. We hypothesize that an optomotor reflex is responsible for the occurrence of express saccades, one that is controlled by higher brain functions involved in disengaged visual attention and decision making. We propose a neural network as the basis for more elaborate mathematical models or computer simulations of the optomotor system in primates.
Intravesical Botulinum Toxin A Administration Inhibits COX-2 and EP4 Expression and Suppresses Bladder Hyperactivity in Cyclophosphamide-Induced Cystitis in Rats
Authors: Yao-Chi Chuang, Naoki Yoshimura, Chao-Cheng Huang, Moya Wu, Po-Hui Chiang, Michael B. Chancellor
Journal: European Urology (2008)
Age of menarche in contemporary British teenagers: survey of girls born between 1982 and 1986
Authors: P H Whincup
Journal: BMJ (2001)

<h3>Background</h3> 'Silent' cerebral infarction and stroke are complications of transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI). <h3>Objective</h3> To assess the occurrence of cerebral infarction, identify predictive risk factors and examine the impact on patient health-related quality of life (HRQoL). <h3>Methods</h3> Cerebral diffusion weighted MRI of 31 patients with aortic stenosis undergoing CoreValve TAVI was carried out. HRQoL was assessed at baseline and at 30 days by SF-12v2 and EQ5D questionnaires. <h3>Results</h3> New cerebral infarcts occurred in 24/31 patients (77%) and stroke in 2 (6%). Stroke was associated with a greater number and volume of cerebral infarcts. Age (r=0.37, p=0.042), severity of atheroma (arch and descending aorta; r=0.91, p&lt;0.001, r=0.69, p=0.001, respectively) and catheterisation time (r=0.45, p=0.02) were predictors of the number of new cerebral infarcts. HRQoL improved overall: SF-12v2 physical component summary increased significantly (32.4±6.2 vs 36.5±7.2; p=0.03) with no significant change in mental component summary (43.5±11.7 vs 43.1±14.3; p=0.85). The EQ5D score and Visual Analogue Scale showed no significant change (0.56±0.26 vs 0.59±0.31; p=0.70, and 54.2±19 vs 58.2±24; p=0.43). <h3>Conclusion</h3> Multiple small cerebral infarcts occurred in 77% of patients with TAVI. The majority of infarcts were 'silent' with clinical stroke being associated with a both higher infarct number and volume. Increased age and the severity of aortic arch atheroma were independent risk factors for the development of new cerebral infarcts. Overall HRQoL improved and there was no association between the number of new cerebral infarcts and altered health status.
Mutations at a single codon in Mad homology 2 domain of SMAD4 cause Myhre syndrome
Authors: Carine Le Goff, Clémentine Mahaut, Avinash Abhyankar, Wilfried Le Goff, Valérie Serre, Alexandra Afenjar, Anne Destrée, Maja di Rocco, Delphine Héron, Sébastien Jacquemont, Sandrine Marlin, Marleen Simon, John Tolmie, Alain Verloes, Jean-Laurent Casanova, Arnold Munnich, Valérie Cormier-Daire
Journal: Nature Genetics (2011)
The Bradshaw Lecture on some Diseases of the Thyroid Gland: Delivered before the Royal College of Physicians
Authors: W. S. Greenfield
Journal: BMJ (1893)

High-permeability–low-molecular-weight acids/zwitterions [i.e., extended clearance classification system class 1A (ECCS 1A) drugs] are considered to be cleared by metabolism with a minimal role of membrane transporters in their hepatic clearance. However, a marked disconnect in the in vitro-in vivo (IVIV) translation of hepatic clearance is often noted for these drugs. Metabolic rates measured using human liver microsomes and primary hepatocytes tend to underpredict. Here, we evaluated the role of organic anion transporter 2 (OAT2)–mediated hepatic uptake in the clearance of ECCS 1A drugs. For a set of 25 ECCS 1A drugs, in vitro transport activity was assessed using transporter-transfected cells and primary human hepatocytes. All but two drugs showed substrate affinity to OAT2, whereas four (bromfenac, entacapone, fluorescein, and nateglinide) also showed OATP1B1 activity in transfected cells. Most of these drugs (21 of 25) showed active uptake by plated human hepatocytes, with rifamycin SV (pan-transporter inhibitor) reducing the uptake by about 25%–95%. Metabolic turnover was estimated for 19 drugs after a few showed no measurable substrate depletion in liver microsomal incubations. IVIV extrapolation using in vitro data was evaluated to project human hepatic clearance of OAT2-alone substrates considering 1) uptake transport only, 2) metabolism only, and 3) transporter-enzyme interplay (extended clearance model). The transporter-enzyme interplay approach achieved improved prediction accuracy (average fold error = 1.9 and bias = 0.93) compared with the other two approaches. In conclusion, this study provides functional evidence for the role of OAT2-mediated hepatic uptake in determining the pharmacokinetics of several clinically important ECCS 1A drugs.
Licensure and Certification
Authors: Russell B. Roth
Journal: JAMA (1969)

Most people today have heard of Parkinson's Law which states: "Work expands to fill the time available for its performance." I mention this, not because it has any special bearing on osteopathy and medicine, but because I had somehow fallen into the error of believing that T. Northcote Parkinson rather invented this currently popular business of giving mathematical expression to non-mathematical subjects. Some of them are concise and appealing, even if a bit unfair—such as one recently applied to the House of Delegates of the American Medical Association (AMA) which says that, "The amount of discussion devoted to a subject is in inverse proportion to its importance." Another, recently published by R. V. McIntyre, MD, illustrates that by this mechanism you can say something which is significantly wrong with a minimum risk of being challenged (<i>Med Opin Rev</i>, vol 5, Feb 1969). He says: "History suggests that medical progress is
Bullous pemphigoid: the frequency of mucosal involvement and concurrent malignancy related to indirect immunofluorescence findings
Authors: L. HODGE, R.A. MARSDEN, M.M. BLACK, B. BHOGAL, M.F. CORBETT
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1981)

A review of 124 cases of bullous pemphigoid was made and the clinical findings correlated with the results of indirect immunofluorescence. A circulating IgG basement membrane zone (BMZ) antibody was detected in the serum of eighty-nine (72%) of the patients. Antibody titres in these patients did not correlate with the extent of the disease or with the presence of mucous membrane lesions. Indeed, oral lesions were more common in the thirty-five sero-negative patients with 17% of such patients being affected compared to only 10% of those with positive indirect immunofluorescence findings. This difference, however, was not statistically significant. Concurrent malignant disease (i.e. malignancy occurring within 6 months of pemphigoid being diagnosed) occurred in eight of the seronegative group (23%) and in only four of the eighty-nine seropositive cases (4%); this difference was significant. The association of bullous pemphigoid and malignant disease still remains controversial, but those who believe that the relationship is coincidental must now explain why concurrent malignant disease is more common in patients who have bullous pemphigoid and negative indirect immunofluorescence findings.
A healthy island
Authors: T. Dalrymple
Journal: BMJ (2011)

The first tourist guidebook to the island of Sark, as far as I know, was written by a doctor, G W James, in 1845. The guidebook is understandably short, the island being so small; but the author, being a doctor, devotes an eighth of it (14 pages) to medical matters.

Sark, on the face of it, was not an exciting place to visit: “To those whose minds are only kept in motion by the aid of others, or by the attractions of the billiard-table and news room, Sark might, after a cursory view, prove a source of ennui .”

But Dr James offered some reassurance to nervous visitors to so remote a destination: “It may here be …
Nuclear receptor cofactor receptor interacting protein 140 controls hepatic triglyceride metabolism during wasting in mice
Authors: Mauricio Berriel Diaz, Anja Krones-Herzig, Dagmar Metzger, Anja Ziegler, Alexandros Vegiopoulos, Martin Klingenspor, Karin Müller-Decker, Stephan Herzig
Journal: Hepatology (2008)

Abstract In mammals, triglycerides (TG) represent the most concentrated form of energy. Aberrant TG storage and availability are intimately linked to the negative energy balance under severe clinical conditions, such as starvation, sepsis, or cancer cachexia. Despite its crucial role for energy homeostasis, molecular key determinants of TG metabolism remain enigmatic. Here we show that the expression of nuclear receptor cofactor receptor interacting protein (RIP) 140 was induced in livers of starved, septic, and tumor-bearing mice. Liver-specific knockdown of RIP140 led to increased hepatic TG release and alleviated hepatic steatosis in tumor-bearing, cachectic animals. Indeed, hepatic RIP140 was found to control the expression of lipid-metabolizing genes in liver. Conclusion: By preventing the mobilization of hepatic TG stores, the induction of RIP140 in liver provides a molecular rationale for hepatic steatosis in starvation, sepsis, or cancer cachexia. Inhibition of hepatic RIP140 transcriptional activity might, thereby, provide an attractive adjunct scheme in the treatment of these conditions. (Hepatology 2008.)
A British Medical Association Lecture on ASTHMA IN CHILDHOOD
Authors: R. Hutchison
Journal: BMJ (1927)

A is always an interesting disease, but it is specially interesting in childhood, not onlly because we meet it then in its earliest and simplest forms, but also because it is then that we have the best chance of curing it.Relatively, too, it is commoner in the child than in the adult, for about one-third of all cases begin below the age of 10 and many start during infancy.Like all the diseases of childhood in which niervous inifluences play a large part, it is more frequently met with amongst boys than amonigst girls.There are four varieties or types of " asthma " in clhildhood:1.The Spasmodic type, which presents the classical picture of recurring episodes of the characteristic asthmatic dyspnoea.This type is commonest in older clhildren.2. The Hay Fever type, in which nasal catarrhl is the nmost prolminent feature.Such cases are apt to be regarded as simiiply recurrent " colds in the head."
Cholesterol Emboli and Streptokinase Therapy
Authors: None Pol
Journal: JAMA (1988)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —Drs Schwartz and McDonald<sup>1</sup>recently described two cases of cholesterol embolization syndrome occurring after receiving intravenous streptokinase therapy for myocardial infarction. I disagree with them about their conclusion. Cholesterol embolization syndrome occurs spontaneously but has been described after vascular surgery, arteriographic procedures<sup>2,3</sup>including coronary angiography,<sup>2</sup>and oral anticoagulant therapy including warfarin sodium.<sup>4</sup>Extensive atherosclerosis, systemic hypertension, and diabetes mellitus represent other risk factors. Furthermore, some of these conditions are frequently associated.<sup>3</sup> In the first case reported by Drs Schwartz and McDonald, coronary arteriography preceded streptokinase treatment before the occurrence of the cholesterol embolization syndrome. In the second case, after the streptokinase had been given, coronary arteriography and two weeks of warfarin therapy followed before the cholesterol embolization syndrome developed. There is therefore no reason to blame the intravenous streptokinase therapy, and so the title of this article is inappropriate and misleading. Cholesterol