tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
7-84 PTH lowers bone turnover and explains why the 1-84 PTH/7-84 PTH ratio predicts bone turnover
Authors: Thomas L. Cantor
Journal: Kidney International (2004)

To the Editor: In this journal's October 2001 issue, Monier-Faugere et al1.Monier-Faugere M.C. Geng Z. Mawad H. et al.Improved assessment of bone turnover by the PTH-(1-84)/large C-PTH fragments ratio in ESRD patients.Kidney Int. 2001; 60: 1460-1468Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (244) Google Scholar demonstrated the clinical significance of circulating large C-terminal parathyroid hormone (PTH) fragments; PTH-(1-84)/large C-PTH fragment ratio was superior to total PTH in predicting bone turnover state in humans. They found predominance of PTH-(1-84) relative to large C-PTH fragment predicts high bone turnover, whereas predominance of large C-PTH fragment relative to PTH-(1-84) predicts low bone turnover, regardless of total PTH levels. This work's significance has been obscured by erroneous interpretations of a recent Endocrinology publication by Langub et al, in which ∼18.5× the amount of human C-PTH-(7-84) fragment was used to antagonize human PTH-(1-84) in thyroparathyroidectomized rats2.Langub M.C. Monier-Faugere M.C. Wang G. et al.Administration of PTH-(7-84) antagonizes the effects of PTH-(1-84) on bone in rats with moderate renal failure.Endocrinology. 2003; 144: 1135-1138Crossref PubMed Scopus (98) Google Scholar. In contrast, only a slight excess of large C-PTH fragment relative to PTH-(1-84) was associated with low bone turnover per Monier-Faugere et al. The Monier-Faugere et al study suggests 2-fold excesses of large C-PTH fragment effectively antagonize full-length PTH. However, because the antagonistic activities of human PTH-(7-84) relative to human PTH-(1-84) was assessed in rats2.Langub M.C. Monier-Faugere M.C. Wang G. et al.Administration of PTH-(7-84) antagonizes the effects of PTH-(1-84) on bone in rats with moderate renal failure.Endocrinology. 2003; 144: 1135-1138Crossref PubMed Scopus (98) Google Scholar, relative potencies of these peptides for the corresponding human receptors cannot be ascertained from the Langub et al study. Differences in key residues can dramatically affect affinity of a ligand for a particular receptor. Given cross-species receptor pharmacology differences, the absolute or relative concentrations of the fragment and full-length peptide in Langub et al are not relevant from a clinical perspective. Rather, those findings support the Monier-Faugere et al study, demonstrating that the PTH-(1-84)/PTH-(7-84) ratio is more clinically informative than standard total PTH assays.
EBM’s Six Dangerous Words
Authors: R. Scott Braithwaite
Journal: JAMA (2020)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The canals of hering and hepatic stem cells in humans
Authors: Neil D. Theise, Romil Saxena, Bernard C. Portmann, Swan N. Thung, Herman Yee, Luis Chiriboga, Ashok Kumar, James M. Crawford
Journal: Hepatology (1999)

Small, extraportal, hepatic parenchymal cells, positive for biliary-type cytokeratins, may represent hepatic stem cells, canals of Hering (CoH), and/or ductal plate remnants. We evaluated these cells 3 dimensionally in normal human liver and massive necrosis. Tissues from normal human livers and from 1 liver with acetaminophen-induced massive necrosis were serially sectioned, immunostained for cytokeratin 19 (CK19), and sequentially photographed. Images were examined to determine 3-dimensional relationships among CK19-positive cells. Immunostains for other hepatocyte and progenitor cell markers were examined. In normal livers, intraparenchymal CK19-positive cells lined up as linear arrays in sequential levels. One hundred of 106 (94.3%) defined, complete arrays within levels examined, most having 1 terminus at a bile duct, the other in the lobule, beyond the limiting plate. In massive necrosis, there were 767 individual CK19-positive cells or clusters around a single portal tract, 747 (97.4%) of which were spatially related forming arborizing networks connected to the interlobular bile duct by single tributaries. C-kit was positive in normal CoH. CK19 co-expressed with HepPar1, c-kit, and α-fetoprotein (AFP) in parenchymal cells in massive necrosis. Small, extraportal, biliary-type parenchymal cells represent cross-sections of the CoH that radiate from the portal tract, usually extending past the limiting plate into the proximate third of the hepatic lobule. The 3-dimensional structure of ductular reactions in massive necrosis suggests that these reactions are proliferations of the cells lining the CoH. Therefore, the CoH consist of, or harbor, facultative hepatic stem cells in humans.
14-3-3σ Exerts Tumor-Suppressor Activity Mediated by Regulation of COP1 Stability
Authors: Chun-Hui Su, Ruiying Zhao, Fanmao Zhang, Changju Qu, Bo Chen, Yin-Hsun Feng, Liem Phan, Jian Chen, Hua Wang, Huamin Wang, Sai-Ching J. Yeung, Mong-Hong Lee
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Constitutive photomorphogenic 1 (COP1) is a p53-targeting E3 ubiquitin ligase that is downregulated by DNA damage through mechanisms that remain obscure. Here, we report that COP1 is not downregulated following DNA damage in 14-3-3σ null cells, implicating 14-3-3σ as a critical regulator in the response of COP1 to DNA damage. We also identified that 14-3-3σ, a p53 target gene product, interacted with COP1 and controlled COP1 protein stability after DNA damage. Mechanistic studies revealed that 14-3-3σ enhanced COP1 self-ubiquitination, thereby preventing COP1-mediated p53 ubiquitination, degradation, and transcriptional repression. In addition, we found that COP1 expression promoted cell proliferation, cell transformation, and tumor progression, manifesting its role in cancer promotion, whereas 14-3-3σ negatively regulated COP1 function and prevented tumor growth in a mouse xenograft model of human cancer. Immunohistochemical analysis of clinical breast and pancreatic cancer specimens demonstrated that COP1 protein levels were inversely correlated with 14-3-3σ protein levels. Together, our findings define a mechanism for posttranslational regulation of COP1 after DNA damage that can explain the correlation between COP1 overexpression and 14-3-3σ downregulation during tumorigenesis.
Evaluation of a general practice out of hours cooperative: a questionnaire survey of general practitioners
Authors: C. Salisbury
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Objective: To assess patients' satisfaction with out of hours care by a general practice cooperative compared with that by a deputising service.Design: Postal questionnaire survey.Setting: A general practice cooperative in London and a deputising service operating in an overlapping area.Subjects: Weighted samples of patients receiving telephone advice, a home visit, or attending a primary care centre after contacting either service in an eight week period.Main outcome measures: Patients' overall satisfaction and scores for specific aspects of satisfaction.Satisfaction with telephone advice or attendance at centre compared with home visit.Relation between satisfaction and patient's age, sex, ethnic group, car ownership, preference for consulting own doctor, and expectation of a visit. Results:The overall response rate was 67% (1555/2312).There was little difference in overall satisfaction between patients contacting the cooperative or the deputising service, but patients contacting the latter were less satisfied with the explanation and advice received and the wait for a visit.There were significant differences between patients in different age and ethnic groups, with white patients and those aged over 60 years being more satisfied.Lower scores for overall satisfaction were reported by patients who received telephone advice, those who would have preferred to see their own doctor or who originally wanted a home visit, and those who waited longer for their consultation.Overall levels of patients' satisfaction seemed to be lower than previously reported.Conclusions: There were larger differences in satisfaction between different groups of patients than between different models of organisation for out of hours care.A shift to a service based predominantly on telephone advice may lead to increased patient dissatisfaction.
Carcinoembryonic antigen in differential diagnosis of carcinoma of pancreas from chronic pancreatitis.
Authors: J B Dilawari, D Philippakos, L M Blendis, S L Waller
Journal: BMJ (1975)

for Mycobacterium tuberculosis at three weeks.The patient continued with corticosteroids and antituberculosis drugs, and at three months was dis- charged on a supervised outpatient programme.
Problems of Mysticism and Its Symbolism.
Authors: Herbert Silberer, Jelliffe, Smith Ely, , tr.
Journal: JAMA (1918)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Amelioration of collagen-induced arthritis by CD95 (Apo-1/Fas)-ligand gene transfer.
Authors: H Zhang, Y Yang, J L Horton, E B Samoilova, T A Judge, L A Turka, J M Wilson, Y Chen
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1997)

Both rheumatoid arthritis and animal models of autoimmune arthritis are characterized by hyperactivation of synovial cells and hyperplasia of the synovial membrane. The activated synovial cells produce inflammatory cytokines and degradative enzymes that lead to destruction of cartilage and bones. Effective treatment of arthritis may require elimination of most or all activated synovial cells. The death factor Fas/Apo-1 and its ligand (FasL) play pivotal roles in maintaining self-tolerance and immune privilege. Fas is expressed constitutively in most tissues, and is dramatically upregulated at the site of inflammation. In both rheumatoid arthritis and animal models of autoimmune arthritis, high levels of Fas are expressed on activated synovial cells and infiltrating leukocytes in the inflamed joints. Unlike Fas, however, the levels of FasL expressed in the arthritic joints are extremely low, and most activated synovial cells survive despite high levels of Fas expression. To upregulate FasL expression in the arthritic joints, we have generated a recombinant replication-defective adenovirus carrying FasL gene; injection of the FasL virus into inflamed joints conferred high levels of FasL expression, induced apoptosis of synovial cells, and ameliorated collagen-induced arthritis in DBA/1 mice. The Fas-ligand virus also inhibited production of interferon-gamma by collagen-specific T cells. Coadministration of Fas-immunoglobulin fusion protein with the Fas-ligand virus prevented these effects, demonstrating the specificity of the Fas-ligand virus. Thus, FasL gene transfer at the site of inflammation effectively ameliorates autoimmune disease.
Allergens in house‐dust samples in Germany: results of an East–West German comparison
Authors: B. Fahlbusch, L. Jäger, J. Heinrich, I. Groβ, H.‐E. Wichmann, K. Richter
Journal: Allergy (1999)

The background of this study is the finding of several studies that the frequency of respiratory allergies was significantly higher in the former West Germany than the former East Germany. The present study investigated the levels of allergens of house‐dust mite (Der p 1 and Der f 1), cat (Fel d 1), and cockroach (Bla g 2) in the household dust of 201 homes in Hamburg (West Germany) and 204 homes in Erfurt (East Germany), and examined the factors that affect these levels. The characteristics of homes were assessed by a questionnaire. The allergen levels were studied in dust from living rooms (LR), bedrooms (BR), and mattresses (MA). We detected in samples from Hamburg significantly higher allergen concentrations than in Erfurt: three times higher Der p 1, five times higher Der f 1, and three times higher Fel d 1. For Bla g 2, no comparison was possible because the concentrations were below the detection limit in 93% of the samples. Most of the differences could be explained by differences in housing and living characteristics between both cities. The mean ratio of Der p 1 levels in mattress dust between Hamburg and Erfurt decreased from 4.1 to 1.54 (NS) after adjustment for season, building material, age of the house, story of the dwelling, type of heating, age of carpet/mattress, presence of dogs, and indoor climate (temperature, humidity). The mean ratio of Der f 1 levels decreased from 6.9 to 2.78 ( P &lt;0.05) after adjustment for these factors. The mean ratio for Fel d 1 in mattress dust decreased fom 4.03 to 1.65 ( P &lt;0.05) after adjustment for season, building material, story of dwelling, size of dwelling, ventilation, cleaning routines, and pets. A similar reduction was seen for floor dust (LR plus BR). Our results indicate that the differences between the concentrations of mite and cat allergens found in Hamburg and Erfurt are explicable mainly, but not completely, by different building characteristics (age of houses, building material, story, and size of the dwelling) which affected the indoor climate, as well as by differences in other individual living habits (keeping of pets, age of carpets or mattresses, and cleaning routines).
Diverging prevalence trends of atopic disorders in Norwegian children. Results from three cross-sectional studies
Authors: A. Selnes, W. Nystad, R. Bolle, E. Lund
Journal: Allergy (2005)

During the last decades there has been extensive epidemiological research to explore the increasing prevalence of asthma and allergy in childhood. The worldwide variations in prevalence of these diseases necessitate regional rapports. Furthermore, time-trend analyses with comparable methods are important in order to monitor the rapidly changing prevalence of these diseases.Three cross-sectional questionnaire-based studies of asthma and allergy in schoolchildren were conducted in the counties of Troms and Finnmark, in northern Norway in 1985, 1995 and 2000. The two former studies included children from randomly selected primary schools (n = 1794/1985, n = 1432/1995). The latter study was a part of ISAAC-II Europe study (n = 3853). Identical items of asthma and allergy were employed. The analyses comprised only children 9-11 years of age.The prevalence of asthma was 9.3, 13.2 and 13.8% in 1985, 1995 and 2000, respectively. However, great gender differences were detected; the prevalence of asthma increased in males from 1995 to 2000, from 14.1 to 17.0%, RR = 1.2 (95% CI 1.0-1.5), but decreased in females 1995 to 2000, from 12.3 to 10.5%, RR = 0.9 (95% CI 0.7-1.1). Furthermore, in children with asthma, a changing trend was found in the external factors that perceived symptoms, from typical allergens towards other, unspecific agents. The prevalence of self-reported atopic eczema/dermatitis syndrome (AEDS) was 13.4, 21.1 and 20.8% in 1985, 1995 and 2000, respectively. The prevalence of self-reported allergic rhinoconjunctivitis was in 16.5, 24.7 and 29.6% 1985, 1995 and 2000, respectively, RR (2000/1995) = 1.2 (95% CI 1.1-1.3).The prevalence of asthma in girls has reached a plateau and even decreased from 1995 to 2000 which is in contrast to the asthma prevalence in boys that tends to continuously increase. The prevalence of AEDS which increased substantially between 1985 and 1995 did not change from 1995 to 2000. However, the prevalence of allergic rhinoconjunctivitis increased steadily from 1985, 1995 to 2000.
Effect of Continuous Subcutaneous Insulin Infusion With Lispro on Hepatic Responsiveness to Glucagon in Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Brigitte Launay, Bernard Zinman, Hugh D Tildesley, Thomas Strack, Jean-Louis Chiasson
Journal: Diabetes Care (1998)

OBJECTIVE People with type 1 diabetes frequently develop a blunted counterregulatory hormone response to hypoglycemia coupled with a decreased hepatic response to glucagon, and consequently, they have an increased risk of severe hypoglycemia. We have evaluated the effect of insulin lispro (Humalog) versus regular human insulin (Humulin R) on the hepatic glucose production (HGP) response to glucagon in type 1 diabetic patients on intensive insulin therapy with continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Ten subjects on CSII were treated for 3 months with lispro and 3 months with regular insulin in a double-blind randomized crossover study. After 3 months of treatment with each insulin, hepatic sensitivity to glucagon was measured in each subject. The test consisted of a 4-h simultaneous infusion of somatostatin (450 μg/h) to suppress endogenous glucagon, regular insulin (0.15 mU · kg−1 · min−1), glucose at a variable rate to maintain plasma glucose near 5 mmol/l, and D-[6,6−2H2]glucose to measure HGP. During the last 2 h, glucagon was infused at 1.5 ng · kg−1 · min−1. Eight nondiabetic people served as control subjects. RESULTS During the glucagon infusion period, free plasma insulin levels in the diabetic subjects were 71.7 ± 1.6 vs. 74.8 ± 0.5 pmol/1 after lispro and regular insulin treatment, with plasma glucagon levels of 88.3 ± 1.8 and 83.7 ± 1.5 ng/1 for insulin:glucagon ratios of 2.8 and 3.0, respectively (NS). However, plasma glucose increased to 9.2 ± 1.1 mmol/l after lispro insulin compared with 7.1 ± 0.9 mmol/l after regular insulin (P &amp;lt; 0.01), and the rise in HGP was 5.7 ± 2.8 μmol · kg−1 · min−1 after lispro insulin versus 3.1 ± 2.9 μmol · kg−1 · min−1 after regular insulin treatment (P = 0.02). In the control subjects, HGP increased by 10.7 ± 4.2 μmol · kg−1 · min−1 under glucagon infusion. CONCLUSIONS Insulin lispro treatment by CSII was associated with a heightened response in HGP to glucagon compared with regular human insulin. This suggests that insulin lispro increases the sensitivity of the liver to glucagon and could potentially decrease the risk of severe hypoglycemia.
Haemophilus influenzae type b infections in adults.
Authors: A Round, I Muscat
Journal: Thorax (1989)

In both dichromats and trichromats, cone opsin signals are maintained independently in cones and combined at the bipolar and retinal ganglion cell level, creating parallel color opponent pathways to the central visual system. Like other dichromats, the mouse retina expresses a short-wavelength (S) and a medium-wavelength (M) opsin, with the S-opsin shifted to peak sensitivity in the ultraviolet (UV) range. Unlike in primates, nonuniform opsin expression across the retina and coexpression in single cones creates a mostly mixed chromatic signal. Here, we describe the visuotopic and chromatic organization of spiking responses in the dorsal lateral geniculate and of the local field potentials in their recipient zone in primary visual cortex (V1). We used an immersive visual stimulus dome that allowed us to present spatiotemporally modulated UV and green luminance in any region of the visual field of an awake, head-fixed mouse. Consistent with retinal expression of opsins, we observed graded UV-to-green dominated responses from the upper to lower visual fields, with a smaller difference across azimuth. In addition, we identified a subpopulation of cells (&lt;10%) that exhibited spectrally opponent responses along the S–M axis. Luminance signals of each wavelength and color signals project to the middle layers of V1. <b>SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT</b> In natural environments, color information is useful for guiding behavior. How small terrestrial mammals such as mice use graded expression of cone opsins to extract visual information from their environments is not clear, even as the use of mice for studying visually guided behavior grows. In this study, we examined the color signals that the retina sends to the visual cortex via the lateral geniculate nucleus of the thalamus. We found that green dominated responses in the lower and nasal visual field and ultraviolet dominated responses in the upper visual field. We describe a subset of cells that exhibit color opponent responses.
RE-INFECTION IN CONSUMPTION.
Authors: JOSEPH MUIR
Journal: JAMA (1896)

That but a comparatively small percentage of consumptives actually succumb to a first attack of tuberculosis has been time and again demonstrated through necroscopic examinations. The question is no longer an open one. As a matter of statistics, indeed, not only is a first attack not fatal, but a large proportion of patients recover from it and their subsequent death is found to be due to causes disconnected with any pulmonary lesions. If that is so—if under reasonably auspicious circumstances there is a strong probability of a cure being effected where the lesion is yet in its initial stages, then to what cause or causes are subsequent relapses to be attributed? The ordinary received idea of the re-development of the tubercle can not certainly explain all or even the major part of the phenomena, for in a large number of cases the bacilli are, by postmortem examinations, found to have