tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract P086: Urbanization and Geographic Variation of Overweight/Obesity in India: the 2005-06 India Demographic Health Survey
Authors: Saad T Siddiqui, Ngianga-Bakwin Kandala, Saverio Stranges
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Background: Obesity and overweight are considered to be the fifth leading risk factor for deaths worldwide. In India, the prevalence of overweight and obesity is growing, along with an ongoing nutritional transition as more people adopt urban lifestyles or migrate to urban areas for economic opportunities. Objective: This study examined the geographic variation of overweight/obesity in India, as well as a wide range of potential risk factors and correlates of overweight-obesity, including socio-demographics and level of urbanization. Methods: We conducted cross-sectional analyses of the 2005-06 India Demographic Health Survey (DHS), using anthropometric data from 161,050 individuals to determine prevalence of obesity and overweight, and demographics with regards to urban or rural settings. We then used a multivariate logistic regression model to determine the odds of combined overweight and obesity in urban settings as adjusted for age, sex, education level, standard of living, religion and zone for 111,730 individuals (after excluding underweight subjects [BMI &lt; 18.5] and missing cases) for India overall, and then for each zone separately. Results: The overall prevalence of combined overweight/obesity (BMI ≥ 25) was 15.5%. The odds of overweight/obesity in urban settings after adjusting for confounders as age, sex, education level, standard of living, religion and zone were nearly twice that of rural settings (OR 1.95, 95% CI: 1.88-2.02). We also found significant associations between overweight/obesity and higher education (OR 2.11 95% CI: 2.62-2.87), and higher standard of living (OR 6.71 95% CI: 6.25-7.21). Individuals from the southern zone were most likely to be overweight/obese when compared to the northern zone in multivariate analyses (OR 1.44, 95% CI: 1.36-1.52). While urban settings were consistently and significantly associated with higher risks of overweight/obesity across all zones, the risk was highest for individuals from the eastern zone (OR 2.57, 95% CI: 2.30-2.87). Conclusions: The results demonstrate significant associations between overweight/obesity and urbanization in India, with high risk estimates for overweight/obesity in urban settings even for the least urban zones. Socioeconomic prowess and the resulting nutritional transition in India make a compelling case for administrative policy on nutrition and healthy lifestyles to avert future burden of non-communicable diseases associated with overweight/obesity.
Breast feeding safer than mixed feeding for babies of mothers with HIV
Authors: Jacqui Wise
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Among mothers infected with HIV, infants exclusively breast fed for three months or more have no excess risk of HIV infection over six months than those who have never been breast fed, according to latest research. The results could have important implications for public health policy in developing countries, where the total avoidance of breast feeding is not a realistic option for the vast majority of women.

Anna Coutsoudis from the department of paediatrics and child health at the University of Natal in South Africa carried out a prospective cohort study involving 551 pregnant women infected with HIV who chose whether to breast feed exclusively, use formula feed exclusively, or carry out mixed feeding after being counselled ( AIDS 2001;15:379-87).

In 1999 …
Seropositivity to a major allergen of Anisakis simplex, Ani s 1, in dyspeptic patients with Helicobacter pylori infection: histological and laboratory findings and clinical significance
Authors: C. Toro, M.L. Caballero, M. Baquero, J. García-Samaniego, I. Casado, P. Martínez, T. Alarcón, I. Moneo
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2006)
EPILEPSY ASSOCIATED WITH SEASONAL ALLERGIC RHINITIS
Authors: S G COHEN, E R JANJIGIAN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1955)

ExcerptIntroductionEpilepsy can and does exist in allergic people without any evidence to suggest that the epileptic and allergic states are other than two coexisting but separate and distinct entities occurring in the same patient by chance. However, on occasion, study of a patient has aroused suspicion that allergy may be playing an etiologic role in the production of epileptic symptoms. That allergy may be an unusual but important causal factor in some cases of epilepsy has been considered and mentioned in standard textbooks of both allergy1and neurology.2This subject has recently been extensively reviewed by Davidson.3Briefly, the...
Benefits of minocycline and rifampin-impregnated central venous catheters
Authors: Cristóbal León, Sergio Ruiz-Santana, Jordi Rello, Maria V. de la Torre, Jordi Vallés, Francisco Álvarez-Lerma, Rafael Sierra, Pedro Saavedra, Francisco Álvarez-Salgado
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2004)
Abstract P1-11-08: The impact of social inequalities on breast cancer mortality in Brazil
Authors: Ruffo Freitas-Junior, Carolina M Gonzaga, Maria-Paula Curado, Ana-Luiza L Sousa, Marta R Souza
Journal: Cancer Research (2015)

Abstract Introduction: Female breast cancer mortality has decreased considerably in developed nations. In contrast, an increase has been observed in developing countries. Objective: To describe the impact of social inequalities in female breast cancer mortality in Brazil, between the years of 1990 and 2011. Methods: Breast cancer mortality data and estimates for the resident population were obtained from the Brazilian National Health Service (SUS) database for the 1990-2011 period. Age-standardized mortality rates were calculated (20-39, 40-49, 50-69 and ≥70 years) by direct standardization using the 1960 standard world population. Trends were modeled using linear regression, with mortality rates as the dependent variable and the year of death as the independent variable. The Social Exclusion Index (SEI) and the Human Development Index (HDI) were used to classify the 27 Brazilian states. Pearson’s correlation was used to describe the association between the SEI and the HDI and the variations in mortality rates in each state. Results: Age-standardized mortality rates in Brazil were found to be stable (annual percent change [APC] = 0.32; 95%CI: -0.1 – 0.7). Statistically significant decreases in mortality rates were found in the states of Rio Grande do Sul, Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo. Increases in mortality rates were most notable in the states of Maranhão (APC = 11.2; 95%CI: 5.8 – 16.9), Piauí (APC = 9.8; 95%CI: 7.6 – 12.1) and Paraíba (APC = 9.3; 95%CI: 6.0 – 12.8). There was a statistically significant correlation between SEI and a change in female breast cancer mortality rates in the Brazilian states between 1990 and 2011 and between HDI and mortality between 2001 and 2011. This reduction was most notable in the Brazilian states with better socioeconomic conditions. Conclusions: It was observed a direct impact of social inequalities in female breast cancer mortality rates in Brazil. Reductions in these rates were found in the more developed states, possibly reflecting a better local healthcare. Citation Format: Ruffo Freitas-Junior, Carolina M Gonzaga, Maria-Paula Curado, Ana-Luiza L Sousa, Marta R Souza. The impact of social inequalities on breast cancer mortality in Brazil [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirty-Seventh Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2014 Dec 9-13; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(9 Suppl):Abstract nr P1-11-08.
The accuracy of experienced strabismologists using the Hirschberg and Krimsky tests121Presented as a poster at the 24th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus, Palm Springs, California, April 1998.2The authors have no proprietary interests in the materials mentioned in this article.
Authors: Rosan Y Choi, Burton J Kushner
Journal: Ophthalmology (1998)
Effects of basiliximab and triple therapy on airway mucociliary clearance of rats
Authors: Aristides Tadeu Correia, Francine Maria Almeida, Afonso da Silva Alves Bento, Hugo Kenji Matsushima Hirano, Paulo Manuel Pêgo-Fernandes, Rogerio Pazetti
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Previous studies showed that immunosuppressive drugs impaired mucociliary clearance of rats. Basiliximab has been used as induction therapy before lung transplantation in many centers around the world. However, there are few studies reporting its side effects. Due to its high specificity and mild effects, we believe that basiliximab has no effect on mucociliary apparatus. Forty male Wistar rats were divided in 4 groups: Control (tap water); Basiliximab, Triple Therapy (tacrolimus, mycophenolate and prednisone), and Basiliximab+Triple Therapy. Drugs were administered by gavage daily for 7 days. After this period, ciliary beating frequency (CBF) and mucociliary transport velocity (MCTV) were measured. There was no difference amoung group concerning CBF. However, MCTV was lower in Basiliximab (0.87±0.21 mm/min) and Basiliximab+Triple Therapy (0.80±0.28 mm/min) in comparison with Control (1.28±0.21 mm/min) and Triple Therapy (1.17±0.20 mm/min) (p
Abstract 16341: Application of Genomic Markers to Predict Outcome in Patients Receiving Left Ventricular Assist Device (LVAD) Therapy
Authors: Ramesh Mazhari, Ian Toma, Nahal Konjedi, Claire Murphy, Farzad Moussavi, Maziar Sadri, Palak Shah, Timothy McCaffrey
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Introduction: LVADs are now used as a bridge to heart transplantation, or destination therapy in patients with advanced heart failure. LVAD therapy reverses left ventricular (LV) remodeling and improves survival in 50% of patients. Hypothesis: We hypothesize that patients with poor prognosis after LVAD therapy will have a different genomic profile as compared to patients with higher survival rate. We propose to use genome-wide expression analysis to determine the mRNA and microRNA profiling of LV tissue and peripheral blood and identify probes that predicts outcome in patients receiving LVAD therapy. Methods: Genome-wide RNA expression profiling of the LV apex core tissue, and blood samples of patients receiving LVAD were performed using Illumina HumanHT-12 v4 Expression BeadChip, to study the expression of 47000 mRNA and micro-RNA transcripts. Follow up echocardiographic parameters were used to determine the patients’ clinical response to LVAD therapy. We proposed that ≥10% reduction in LV end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD) at 3 months is considered a responder to LVAD therapy. The results of the gene expression analysis were integrated with clinical outcomes to identify RNA expression patterns that differentiate LVAD responders from non-responders. Results: The percent change in LVEDD at 3 months ranged from +12 to -44 (mean -12±0.21), and 45% of the patients were responders to LVAD therapy (n=35). We used GeneSpring GX12 to identify the differentially expressed transcripts, and filtered the probes by their correlation to % change in LVEDD as a continuous numerical measurement with correlation stringency of 0.85 &lt;= r &lt; =1.0. A total of 277 probes from LV samples were highly correlated with % change in LVEDD. The candidate mRNA, ncRNA, and microRNA transcripts (e.g. SOD1, 2, GPX1-4,TGF-β1, EGFR, AMPK, SRC) were categorized in 3 functional groups of oxidative stress, tissue fibrosis, and cellular energy depletion pathways using pathway studio. Profiling of blood samples did not reveal highly correlated probes. Conclusions: The myocardial transcriptome can predict the outcome in patients receiving LVAD therapy. The genetic markers, predictive of LV recovery after mechanical unloading, can help build new hypotheses for candidate pathways of LV remodeling.
THE PROPERDIN SYSTEM AND IMMUNITY
Authors: Louis Pillemer, Livia Blum, Irwin H. Lepow, Leona Wurz, Earl W. Todd
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1956)

Page 2, line 18, for 5.0 '' M MgCl2, read 5.0 ml. M MgCl2. Page 2, line 19, for 1.5 '' M CaCl2, read 1.5 ml. M CaCl2.
Expansion of a novel CAG trinucleotide repeat in the 5′ region of PPP2R2B is associated with SCA12
Authors: Susan E Holmes, Elizabeth E O'Hearn, Melvin G McInnis, Daniel A Gorelick-Feldman, John J Kleiderlein, Colleen Callahan, Noeun G Kwak, Roxann G Ingersoll-Ashworth, Meeia Sherr, August J Sumner, Alan H Sharp, Uma Ananth, William K Seltzer, Michael A Boss, Ana-Maria Vieria-Saecker, Jörg T Epplen, Olaf Riess, Christopher A Ross, Russell L Margolis
Journal: Nature Genetics (1999)
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia in Children
Authors: Jelena Roganovic
Journal: Leukemia (2013)

Extraordinary advances in the treatment outcome of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) rank as one of the most successful stories in the history of oncology, with the current rate of approximately 80% of children being cured [1-5]. The improvements made have been mainly due to the development of intensive multiagent chemotherapy, identification of clinical and biologic variables predictive for outcome and their use in stratifying treatment, significant advances in supportive care, and development of large-scale, highly disciplined multiinstitutional national and international clinical trials [6,7]. In spite of this success, there remains place for improvement, including the development of better treatment for the minority of patients who relapse, the development of less toxic therapy, and focusing attention on screening and management of late effects that may potentially arise as a result of antileukemic treatment [8,9].
Influence of Sex on Risk Stratification With Stress Myocardial Perfusion Rb-82 Positron Emission Tomography
Authors: Jenna Kay, Sharmila Dorbala, Abhinav Goyal, Reza Fazel, Marcelo F. Di Carli, Andrew J. Einstein, Robert S. Beanlands, Michael E. Merhige, Brent A. Williams, Emir Veledar, Benjamin J.W. Chow, James K. Min, Daniel S. Berman, Sana Shah, Naveen Bellam, Javed Butler, Leslee J. Shaw
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Abstract P428: Effects of Tai Chi on Physical Function and Quality of Life in Chronic Stroke
Authors: Ruth E Taylor-Piliae, Tiffany M Hoke, Joseph T Hepworth, L. Daniel Latt, Bijan Najafi, Bruce M Coull
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Background: Poor physical function and quality of life are ubiquitous post-stroke. Effective interventions to improve physical function and quality of life for stroke survivors are critically needed. Objective: Examine the effect of a Tai Chi (TC) intervention on physical function and quality of life. Methods: In a single-blind randomized clinical trial community-dwelling stroke survivors, aged ≥ 50 years and ≥ 3 months post-stroke, were assigned to: Yang style 24-posture TC (n=53), SilverSneakers® (SS, n=44) strength and range of movement exercise, or Usual Care (UC, n=48) for 12 weeks. TC and SS attended a 1-hour class 3 times/week, while UC had weekly phone calls. Standardized measures for Physical Function were the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), Fall Rates and 2-Minute StepTest; and for Quality of Life were the Medical Outcomes Study SF-36, Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Results: A total of 145 stroke survivors (47% women, mean age=70 years, time post-stroke=3 years, ischemic stroke=66%, hemiparesis=73%) enrolled. During the intervention, TC participants had 2/3 fewer falls (n=5 falls), than the SS (n=14 falls) and UC (n=15 falls) groups (χ2=5.60, p=0.06). All groups had improvements in the SPPB score (F 1,142 =85.29, p&lt;0.01), after the 12-week intervention. Post-hoc tests following a significant interaction for the 2-Minute StepTest (F 2,142 =4.69, p&lt;0.01) indicated TC (t 53 =2.45, p=0.02) and SS (t 44 =4.63, p&lt;0.01) groups had significantly better aerobic endurance over time, though the UC group did not (t 48 =1.58, p=0.12). All groups reported better perceived physical (SF-36 PCS, F 1,142 =4.15, p=0.04) and mental health (SF-36 MCS, F 1,142 =15.60, p&lt;0.01), after the intervention. There were no significant within group changes in perceived physical health (p&gt;0.05), while significant improvements in perceived mental health (p &lt; 0.05) were observed within all groups. No significant changes in depressive symptoms or sleep quality were observed (p&gt;0.05). Attrition was 10% (n=14), and intervention adherence rates were 85%. Conclusions: Goals of stroke rehabilitation are to prevent disability, improve physical function and quality of life. TC and SS led to improved aerobic endurance, and both are suitable community-based programs that may aid in stroke recovery and community reintegration. Our data suggest that a 12-week TC intervention may be more effective in reducing fall rates than SS or UC. Future studies examining the effectiveness of TC to reduce fall rates; and improve physical function and quality of life for community-dwelling stroke survivors are recommended.
Diffuse cutaneous mastocytosis with multiple cutaneous mastocytomas
Authors: R. WILLEMZE, D. J. RUITER, E. SCHEFFER, W. A. VAN VLOTEN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1980)

SUMMARY A patient with diffuse cutaneous mastocytosis, present since birth, developed several cutaneous mastocytomas without any symptoms after puberty. Although the histological picture of the tumours, showing nuclear atypia, mitotic figures and varying metachromasia of the granules, raises suspicion of systemic involvement, this has not appeared so far. The absence of symptoms could be due to the synthesis of an abnormal secretory product by the mast cells, which is supported by the absence of oedema and dilated blood vessels in the presence of extensive degranulation and by the unusual ultrastructural picture of the mast cell granules, i. e. little electron density with the almost complete absence of lamellar and crystalline structures.
Effects of Second-Hand Smoke and Gender on Infarct Size of Young Rats Exposed In Utero and in the Neonatal to Adolescent Period 11All editorial decisions for this article, including selection of referees, were made by a Guest Editor. This policy applies to all articles with authors from the University of California San Francisco.
Authors: Bo-Qing Zhu, Yi-Ping Sun, Krishnankutty Sudhir, Richard E. Sievers, Amanda E.M. Browne, Lianru Gao, Stuart J. Hutchison, Tony M. Chou, Prakash C. Deedwania, Kanu Chatterjee, Stanton A. Glantz, William W. Parmley
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1997)
Target levels of functional C1‐inhibitor in hereditary angioedema
Authors: C. E. Hack, A. Relan, E. S. van Amersfoort, M. Cicardi
Journal: Allergy (2011)

Hereditary angioedema (HAE) is a heterozygous deficiency of first component of complement-inhibitor (C1INH). Insufficient C1INH activity leads to uncontrolled activation of plasma cascade systems, which results in acute angioedema attacks in patients with HAE. Plasma-derived or recombinant C1INH products are approved for the treatment of such angioedema attacks. The target level of C1INH activity needed to achieve optimal efficacy, however, remains unknown. We determined the plasma level of C1INH associated with optimal clinical efficacy in the treatment of angioedema attacks. Efficacy and pharmacokinetic data were reviewed from recently published placebo-controlled randomized trials in the treatment of HAE with either plasma-derived or recombinant C1INH products, tested at various doses. A dose-dependent effect was observed on time to the beginning of relief of symptoms, on time to resolution of symptoms, and on the response rate within 4 h. Optimal efficacy of C1INH therapy is achieved at doses ≥50 U/kg. This dose increases plasma C1INH activity in almost all patients to values ≥0.7 U/ml (70% of normal), the lower limit of the normal range. The differences in half-lives of the various C1INH products do not have an obvious effect on clinical efficacy. A review of the efficacy and pharmacokinetic data from recently published controlled studies in the treatment of HAE attacks suggests that efficacy of C1INH therapy is optimal when C1INH activity levels are restored to the normal range.
Abstract 4425: Drug resistance via feedback activation of Stat3 in oncogene-addicted cancer cells
Authors: Ho-June Lee, Guanglei Zhuang, Yi Cao, Pan Du, Hyo-Jin Kim, Jeff Settleman
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Targeted therapy directed against ‘oncogene-addicted’ cancers can produce dramatic responses that are invariably of limited durability due to the emergence of subpopulations of drug-resistant cells. We found that many oncogene-addicted cancer cells treated with pathway-targeted drugs engage a positive feedback loop leading to activation of Stat3, which promotes cell survival, consequently limiting the overall drug response. This was observed in cancer cells driven by diverse mutationally-activated kinases, including EGFR, HER2, ALK, and MET, as well as mutant KRAS. We determined that inhibition of MEK signaling specifically promotes Stat3 engagement. MEK inhibition led to the autocrine-driven activation of Stat3 via the FGF receptor and JAK family kinases, and pharmacological inhibition of MEK together with JAK and FGFR effectively promoted tumor regression in vivo. These findings suggest that inhibition of a Stat3 feedback loop may enhance the response to a broad spectrum of drugs that target pathways of oncogene addiction. Citation Format: Ho-June Lee, Guanglei Zhuang, Yi Cao, Pan Du, Hyo-Jin Kim, Jeff Settleman. Drug resistance via feedback activation of Stat3 in oncogene-addicted cancer cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 4425. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-4425
Favorable effect of VEGF gene transfer on ischemic peripheral neuropathy
Authors: Peter Schratzberger, Gabriele Schratzberger, Marcy Silver, Cynthia Curry, Marianne Kearney, Meredith Magner, Joseph Alroy, Lester S. Adelman, David H. Weinberg, Allan H. Ropper, Jeffrey M. Isner
Journal: Nature Medicine (2000)
IPF - The patients' differential diagnosis of COPD
Authors: Steven Wibberley, Yuuki Ochiai, Richard Pitt, Aruni Mulgirigama
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Background  The objective was to explore the patients9 experience of receiving a diagnosis of IPF.  Methods  Market research was conducted with an independent agency. Patients with IPF were asked to record a personal account of their experience on a hand-held camera. Face to face interviews with patients were conducted in their home. Carers were also interviewed to add an alternative perspective.  Results  The sample included 13 male and 3 female patients with IPF. Patients with lung function impairment of all severities were included, five patients were treated with oxygen therapy and another had received a lung transplant. There was a national spread geographically throughout England.  Patients consistently experienced a slow diagnostic process. Patients failed to recognise symptoms themselves which were usually identified first by others. When symptoms were recognised, action was often not taken for some time as symptoms were rationalised as being due to ageing. When help was sought, misdiagnosis further delayed specialist referral and appropriate management. In retrospect, patients felt physicians who did not truly understand IPF were too quick to attribute symptoms to smoking or COPD alone.  Patients felt that a potential diagnosis of COPD was given too quickly without proper evaluation of their condition. A  trigger for specialist referral was auscultating crackles.  Conclusions  Patients with IPF may experience a delay in specialist referral, being misdiagnosed with COPD, as they may be of a similar age and have comparable risk factors (smoking) with the assumption that common diseases are common. Raising awareness of IPF as a differential diagnosis of COPD may help expedite specialist referral in these patients.