tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Genetic--epidemiologic study of early-onset ischemic heart disease.
Authors: J J Nora, R H Lortscher, R D Spangler, A H Nora, W J Kimberling
Journal: Circulation (1980)

A genetic-epidemiologic study was undertaken of a white Colorado population of 207 patients who had a myocardial infarction before age 55 years. Nineteen independent variables were compared between the 207 cases and 621 controls, matched 3:1. The highest risk ratios were associated with a positive family history for ischemic heart disease (IHD). The heritability of IHD was 63% when families with the monogenic forms of hyperlipoproteinemia were included, and 56% when they were excluded. A risk index was developed that incorporates family history into a data base of risk factors, which can be readily assessed by the clinician obtaining a screening history, physical and standard laboratory tests. A scale of 0-10 was devised and the predictive value of the index was tested against another data set. The efficiency of the index was maximal at a screening level of 5. This study suggests that it is logistically feasible to seek patients at high risk for intensive management in a clinical setting (high-risk strategy) using risk indices similar to the one developed for this study, which emphasize the very important familial component to IHD.
Public Expectations for Return of Results from Large-Cohort Genetic Research
Authors: Juli Murphy, Joan Scott, David Kaufman, Gail Geller, Lisa LeRoy, Kathy Hudson
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2008)

The National Institutes of Health and other federal health agencies are considering establishing a national biobank to study the roles of genes and environment in human health. A preliminary public engagement study was conducted to assess public attitudes and concerns about the proposed biobank, including the expectations for return of individual research results. A total of 141 adults of different ages, incomes, genders, ethnicities, and races participated in 16 focus groups in six locations across the country. Focus group participants voiced a strong desire to be able to access individual research results. Recognizing the wide range of possible research results from a large cohort study, they repeatedly and spontaneously suggested that cohort study participants be given ongoing choices as to which results they received.
Associating approximate paths and temporal sequences of noisy detections: Application to the recovery of spatio-temporal cancer cell trajectories
Authors: Matthias Dorfer, Tomáš Kazmar, Matěj Šmíd, Sanchit Sing, Julia Kneißl, Simone Keller, Olivier Debeir, Birgit Luber, Julian Mattes
Journal: Medical Image Analysis (2015)
Current Concepts in Radiation Protection
Authors: Luther L. Terry, Donald R. Chadwick
Journal: JAMA (1964)

Fresh fluid milk is the principal source for human ingestion of I<sup>131</sup>resulting from nuclear testing. Data were accumulated on average daily I<sup>131</sup>concentrations per liter of composited milk in areas monitored by the Federal-State Pasteurized Milk Network during the 1961 and 1962 periods of atmospheric nuclear testing, and estimates of I<sup>131</sup>dosages to the thyroid gland of infants consuming such milk were made. With three exceptions, all the 12-month doses were below the Radiation Protection Guide recommended by the Federal Radiation Council for normal peacetime operations of nuclear industry. Because of wide variation of I<sup>131</sup>in milk from different herds, some children probably received somewhat higher doses. The National Advisory Committee on Radiation has studied various countermeasures for reducing I<sup>131</sup>exposure, and the FRC has reported on health effects.
Nonfluorescent Tinea Capitis in Charleston, SC
Authors: Elena Prevost
Journal: JAMA (1979)

Statistics gathered at the Medical University of South Carolina from 1973 to 1978 indicate a dramatic change in the etiologic agents of tinea capitis in Charleston since the 1950s. The preponderant agent is now Trichophyton tonsurans, which produces lesions that are not fluorescent in a Wood's lamp examination (long-wave ultraviolet). Trichophyton tonsurans caused 90.6% of 265 culture-proved cases of tinea capitis in the 1970s, but in the 1950s it was responsible for only 1.6% of 378 cases. The study emphasizes that cultures are necessary because the increase in nonfluorescent tinea capitis throughout the United States presents unsuspected diagnostic problems to physicians who are not aware of the change in etiologic agents.
Dural Metastasis Demonstrated on Tc-99m MDP Bone Scintigraphy in Staging Workup for a Patient With Breast Cancer
Authors: Minh Xuan Truong, Alan C. C. Ting, Monica A. Rossleigh, Susan L. Carroll
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2006)

An 80-year-old woman with multifocal invasive lobular carcinoma of the right breast treated 6 years previously with mastectomy, locoregional radiotherapy, and tamoxifen was referred for a bone scan to investigate generalized arthralgias. The patient reported right-sided headaches, blurred vision, and dizziness in the previous 3 months. The bone scan revealed a large area of unusual and abnormal Tc-99m methylene diphosphonate (MDP) uptake in the right frontoparietal skull region. CT and MRI of the brain were performed to evaluate the possibility of cerebral metastases. The CT revealed extensive abnormal thickening and enhancement of the dura in the right frontoparietal region. No calcification of the dura or bony destruction of the overlying skull was evident on CT. MRI similarly revealed extensive thickening and irregularity of the dura. The usual causes of increased skull Tc-99m MDP uptake on bone scanning such as skull metastases and dural calcification were not evident on CT or MRI.
Differentiation between primary and secondary Raynaud's phenomenon: a prospective study comparing nailfold capillaroscopy using an ophthalmoscope or stereomicroscope
Authors: H J Anders
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2001)

<h3>BACKGROUND</h3> Nailfold capillary microscopy is a routine procedure in the investigation of patients with Raynaud9s phenomenon (RP). As a standard method, nailfold capillary morphology is inspected with a stereomicroscope to look for capillary abnormalities such as giant loops, avascular areas, and bushy capillaries, which have all been found to be associated with certain connective tissue diseases. <h3>AIM</h3> To investigate prospectively whether nailfold capillary inspection using an ophthalmoscope is of equivalent diagnostic value to standard nailfold capillary microscopy. <h3>METHOD</h3> All the fingers of 26 patients with RP were examined in a blinded fashion and compared with the final diagnosis one month later. <h3>RESULTS</h3> All giant loops, large avascular areas, and bushy capillaries were identified by both methods. The correlation for moderate avascular areas and crossed capillaries was 0.93 and 0.955 respectively. The correlation for minor abnormalities that do not contribute to the differentiation between primary and secondary RP was 0.837 and 0.861 respectively. All patients were classified identically by the two methods. <h3>CONCLUSION</h3> For the evaluation of patients with RP, nailfold capillary morphology can reliably be assessed with an ophthalmoscope.
Discovery of the Formol Gel Reaction
Authors: G. Papacostas
Journal: BMJ (1952)

BEITS 163of the skin to ultra-violet light.He has found that it doubles the minimal erythematous dose, and he also states that when the same patients were submitted to six minutes'' exposure before, during, and after cortisone therapy the effect of cortisone was to promote pigmentation and, as one might therefore expect, to diminish the harmful erythematous and vesicular reaction.From these simple and precise observations Dr. Jarvinen draws the somewhat surprising conclusion that in this respect cortisone is not increasing the resistance of the skin to the injurious effect of ultra-violet light, but rather sup- pressing the normal protective mechanism by which this resistance is augmented and maintained.This can be true only if we regard erythema and vesiculation as a protective mechanism and pigmentation as an injurious effect.Since the opposite is a more prevalent teleological interpretation of the phenomena of photosensitivity, I would like to sub- mit that his experiments indicate a true increase in the resistance of the skin to ultra-violet light as exemplified by the doubling of the minimal erythematous dose and that they also suggest a stimulation of the protective mechanism if we are entitled to regard pigmentation in this light.-
The Scottish perinatal mortality survey.
Authors: G M McIlwaine, R C Howat, F Dunn, M C Macnaughton
Journal: BMJ (1979)

Perinatal deaths in single births that occurred in Scotland during 1977 were investigated by case-record analysis. Causes of death were divided into nine categories, an extended version of the Aberdeen classification being used. Out of 1012 single perinatal deaths, 265 were due to fetal abnormality, which in 140 cases was malformation of the central nervous system. Of the 747 normally formed infants, 446 weighed 1500 g or more, of whom 82 died intra partum and 154 were born alive. The largest single cause of death was low birth weight in normally formed babies whose mothers had no complications of pregnancy (302 cases). Of these babies, 103 (34%) were growth-retarded. Rhesus incompatibility (16 deaths) and maternal diabetes (seven deaths) were not major causes of perinatal loss. These results were thought to be valuable in illustrating the main causes of perinatal mortality and directing attention to important issues. Hence a modified version of the study is being continued to see whether yearly audit by regional assessors is a feasible and practical way of monitoring trends in perinatal mortality.
Reply to the Letter to the Editor from S. Kapoor
Authors: Zhong Jiang
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2008)

In Response: The letter by Dr. Kapoor has indicated that IMP3 is an important biomarker for many malignant tumors. I want to emphasize here that IMP3 is a new and important prognostic biomarker that can indicate aggressive behavior of different cancers. IMP3 is highly expressed in several aggressive
Storage of Red Cells for Blood-grouping
Authors: W. J. Jenkins, W. L. Marsh
Journal: BMJ (1960)

Continued from previous page) resuscitative procedures a second nature to the layman rescuer.Also, it can be used for training in bag-and-mask ventilation, as well as other expired-air methods.The head of the manikin can be taken to pieces like the other parts (Fig. 4).All the valves acting on the air passages are placed outside the air passages.The nose and mouth, with adjacent parts of the face, join into a single piece.They can be sterilized, say, while a spare mouthand-nose piece is being used.Furthermore, the lung and stomach bags and the tubing which leads from the mouthnose piece can be flushed with sterilizing solutions, or exchanged with another tubing after usesafe precautions against cross-contamination of the trainee.
Public Health and Economic Consequences of Methyl Mercury Toxicity to the Developing Brain
Authors: Leonardo Trasande, Philip J. Landrigan, Clyde Schechter
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2005)

Methyl mercury is a developmental neurotoxicant. Exposure results principally from consumption by pregnant women of seafood contaminated by mercury from anthropogenic (70%) and natural (30%) sources. Throughout the 1990s, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) made steady progress in reducing mercury emissions from anthropogenic sources, especially from power plants, which account for 41% of anthropogenic emissions. However, the U.S. EPA recently proposed to slow this progress, citing high costs of pollution abatement. To put into perspective the costs of controlling emissions from American power plants, we have estimated the economic costs of methyl mercury toxicity attributable to mercury from these plants. We used an environmentally attributable fraction model and limited our analysis to the neurodevelopmental impacts--specifically loss of intelligence. Using national blood mercury prevalence data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, we found that between 316,588 and 637,233 children each year have cord blood mercury levels > 5.8 microg/L, a level associated with loss of IQ. The resulting loss of intelligence causes diminished economic productivity that persists over the entire lifetime of these children. This lost productivity is the major cost of methyl mercury toxicity, and it amounts to $8.7 billion annually (range, $2.2-43.8 billion; all costs are in 2000 US$). Of this total, $1.3 billion (range, $0.1-6.5 billion) each year is attributable to mercury emissions from American power plants. This significant toll threatens the economic health and security of the United States and should be considered in the debate on mercury pollution controls.
A novel<i>SLC39A4</i>gene mutation in the family of an acrodermatitis enteropathica patient with an unusual presentation
Authors: S. Wang, L. Xue, Z-P. Guo, L. Wang, Y. Yang
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2008)

Conflicts of interest: none declared. Acrodermatitis enteropathica (AE; OMIM 201100) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder that occurs due to insufficient zinc uptake by the intestine and that affects young infants usually at the time of weaning. It is manifested as periorificial and acral dermatitis, alopecia and diarrhoea, and is commonly associated with low serum zinc levels. Zinc supplementation is the main treatment strategy adopted for AE. In 2001, the AE gene was mapped to 8q24·3, and the SLC39A4 gene in this region has recently been identified as being responsible for the development of AE.1 2–3 The gene contains 12 exons, and it encodes human zinc/iron‐regulated transporter‐like protein 4 (ZIP4), a member of the ZIP family. ZIP4 plays an important role in zinc transmembrane transport. We report a Chinese woman with AE, who presented distinctive skin findings. Mutation analysis performed for her family revealed a novel deletion in SLC39A4. The study was approved by the Institutional Ethical Review Boards of Sichuan University.
Pseudoatrioventricular Block Manifesting as a 2:1 Atrioventricular Block and Advanced Atrioventricular Block Because of Concealed Junctional Ectopic Impulses
Authors: Woo Seung Shin, Sung Soon Kim, Yong Seog Oh, Sung Won Jang, Ji Hoon Kim, Min Seok Choi, Man Young Lee, Ki Bae Seung, Tai Ho Rho
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Drug-Induced Autoimmune Red-Cell Aplasia
Authors: H. Franklin Bunn
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2002)

Whether judged by its therapeutic or economic impact, recombinant human erythropoietin (epoetin) is an extremely successful application of molecular genetic technology to the development of a therapeutic agent. Epoetin is remarkably effective in the treatment of patients with a deficiency of the hormone, especially those with uremia, in whom renal production of erythropoietin is markedly impaired. Because erythropoietin receptors occur predominantly on erythroid progenitor cells, epoetin has a high degree of specificity and no clinically significant effects on nonhematopoietic cells. Thus, its ratio of efficacy to toxicity, or therapeutic index, is matched by few, if any, other pharmacologic agents.Until . . .
The effect of substrate on the uptake of oxygen and sulphate ions by heat-damaged skin
Authors: SHIRLEY A. CARNEY, J.C. LAWARENCE
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1979)

Respiration and sulphate uptake have been measured in guinea‐pig skin subjected to heat damage and maintained on a medium containing sodium succinate. Succinate was found to have a protective effect against loss of oxygen uptake, a higher temperature being required for 50% effect than that reported with glucose as substrate. The protective effect did not extend to sulphate incorporation, suggesting that this process is itself heat‐labile and that its failure with heat damage is not directly caused by diminution of the energy supply.
Lysophosphatidylcholine posttranscriptionally inhibits interferon-?-induced IP-10, Mig and I-Tac expression in endothelial cells
Authors: A MDSHEIKH, H OCHI, A MANABE, J MASUDA
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2004)

Lysophosphatidylcholine (lysoPC) is abundant in atherosclerotic lesions and has potential immunomodulatory activities. This study is aimed to investigate effects of lysoPC on the interferon (IFN)-gamma-induced gene expression, focusing on T cell-directed CXC chemokines relevant to atherosclerosis.Effects of lysoPC on the IFN gamma-induced gene expression of IFN-inducible protein of 10 kDa (IP-10), IFN-inducible T cell alpha chemoattractant (I-Tac), and monokine induced by IFN gamma (Mig) were evaluated in cultured endothelial cells. Northern blotting showed that lysoPC transiently and dose-dependently inhibited the IFN gamma-induced accumulation of IP-10, Mig and I-Tac but not p48, interferon regulatory factor-1 and guanidine binding protein-1. Nuclear run-off assays showed that lysoPC did not inhibit IP-10, Mig and I-Tac gene transcription. An analysis of the degradation of IP-10, Mig and I-Tac mRNA revealed it to be enhanced by lysoPC.LysoPC selectively inhibits IFN gamma-induced IP-10, I-Tac and Mig expression in endothelial cells, at least in part, by reducing mRNA stability. Thus, lysoPC might regulate T cell-mediated immunity by affecting IFN gamma-mediated activation of endothelial cells in atherosclerotic lesions.
Teleoanalysis: combining data from different types of study
Authors: N. J Wald
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Teleoanalysis can provide the answer to questions that would be obtained from studies that have not been done and often, for ethical and financial reasons, could never be done 

Once a causal link has been established between a risk factor and a disease it is often difficult, and sometimes impossible, to determine directly the dose-response relation. For example, although we know that saturated fat intake increases the risk of ischaemic heart disease, the exact size of the effect cannot be established experimentally because long term trials of major dietary changes are impractical. One way to overcome the problem is to produce a summary estimate of the size of the relation by combining data from different types of study using an underused method that we call teleoanalysis. This summary estimate can be used to determine the extent to which the disease can be prevented and thus the most effective means of prevention. We describe the basis of teleoanalysis, suggest a simple one-step approach, and validate the results with a worked example.

Teleoanalysis can be defined as the synthesis of different categories of evidence to obtain a quantitative general summary of ( a ) the relation between a cause of a disease and the risk of the disease and ( b ) the extent to which the disease can be prevented. Teleoanalysis is different from meta-analysis because it relies on combining data from different classes of evidence rather than one type of study.

Randomised trials with disease end points are often not enough to determine dose-response relations; their results tend to be limited by factors such as dose, duration of treatment, and a limited age range of subjects. We also need data from observational epidemiological studies (particularly large cohort studies) and often knowledge of the mechanism of action. Short term trials using drugs or vitamins are …
The role of local therapy in the management of lung and liver oligometastases
Authors: Simon S. Lo, Susan D. Moffatt-Bruce, Laura A. Dawson, Roderich E. Schwarz, Bin S. Teh, Nina A. Mayr, Jiade J. Lu, John C. Grecula, Thomas E. Olencki, Robert D. Timmerman
Journal: Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology (2011)
Capsule endoscopy findings in a case of intestinal sarcoidosis
Authors: P. Tsibouris, C. Kalantzis, G. Alexandrakis, K. Zeibekoglou, P. Apostolopoulos, N. Kalantzis
Journal: Endoscopy (2009)

A 64-year-old man was diagnosed as having sarcoidosis with mediastinal and bilateral axillary adenopathy. Bronchoscopy and purified protein derivative (PPD) skin test were unremarkable. Eleven months later, three to four bilateral small nodules were seen on a chest computed tomography (CT) scan. The patient received no treatment because he was asymptomatic.
Essentials of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation: Musculoskeletal Disorders, Pain, and Rehabilitation
Authors: Devi E. Nampiaparampil
Journal: JAMA (2009)

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Observations ON THE SIGNIFICANCE OF RETINAL HAEMORRHAGES
Authors: C. O. Hawthorne
Journal: BMJ (1922)

The results of 180 cases of congenital heart disease with diminished pulmonary flow operated upon with Waterston9s technique are presented. It is considered that Waterston9s operation is to be preferred in children under 2 years of age and in older children who have had a previous thrombotic or insufficient Blalock operation and in whom total correction is not indicated. The problem of pseudotruncus with hypoplastic pulmonary arteries is discussed. The convenience of the Waterston operation in these cases, and the importance of creating an anastomosis at the pulmonary bifurcation and as far back as possible in the aorta, is emphasized. The need to perform this technique in the correct way is stressed. This will avoid the kinking and pulling of the right pulmonary artery, which are causes of preferential blood flow to the right lung, as we have demonstrated experimentally. The possible complications caused by such a technical failure are discussed. The necessity for previous angiocardiographic study, in order properly to repair the defect during total correction, is also considered.
Effect of five salicylate-containing compounds upon loss of 51chromium-labelled erythrocytes from the gastrointestinal tract of normal man.
Authors: W L Eeken
Journal: Gut (1968)

The adverse effects of salicylates upon the gastro- intestinal tract of both man and experimental animals have been documented in numerous reports.These studies indicate that salicylate ingestion frequently causes various upper gastrointestinal symptoms (Caravati and Cosgrove, 1946;