tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
AAMC President Jordan J. Cohen, MD, Discusses "Champion of Medical Education"
Authors: J J Cohen
Journal: JAMA (2001)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract 2770: ECG Inferior Lead Abnormalities in Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Dysplasia
Authors: Moniek G Cox, Ans C Wiesfeld, Arthur A Wilde, Douwe E Atsma, Peter Loh, Richard N Hauer
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Dysplasia (ARVD) primarily affects the RV. Diagnostic Task Force Criteria (TFC) use the right precordial leads V1–3. However, diagnostic contribution of inferior le...
Chest Tubes and Chest Bottles
Authors: Arndt Von Hippel
Journal: JAMA (1970)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Intragenic deletion in the gene encoding ubiquitin carboxy-terminal hydrolase in gad mice
Authors: Kazumasa Saigoh, Yu-Lai Wang, Jun-Gyo Suh, Toshiyuki Yamanishi, Yoshihisa Sakai, Hidenori Kiyosawa, Takayuki Harada, Nobutsune Ichihara, Shigeharu Wakana, Tateki Kikuchi, Keiji Wada
Journal: Nature Genetics (1999)
Uridine phosphorylase knockout mice confirm the critical role of this enzyme in fluoropyrimidine activation and reveal its function in mediating host toxicity
Authors: Deliang Cao, James McCabe, Laxiang Wan, Stuard Flynn, Giuseppe Pizzorno
Journal: Cancer Research (2004)

2971   Uridine phosphorylase is widely induced in various human and rodent tumors, compared to matched normal tissues. A majority of studies have indicated that the activity of uridine phosphorylase may correlate with the activation of 5-fluorouracil and 5’-deoxy-5-fluorouridine and ultimately with their antiproliferative activity. In this study, we have generated uridine phosphorylase knockout mice to evaluate the role of uridine phosphorylase in fluoropyrimidine activity in vivo. Our results show that the abrogation of uridine phosphorylase activity led to a 2.5- and 2-fold increase in the maximum tolerated doses of 5-fluorouracil and 5’-deoxy-5-fluorouridine, respectively. The maximum tolerated doses of capecitabine, an oral prodrug of 5-fluorouracil, also increased from 1000 mg/kg in wild-type mice to 1375 mg/kg in uridine phosphorylase knockout mice. Pathological examinations of the gastrointestinal tracts and the hematological analysis of animals exposed to capecitabine revealed a significant reduction of gastrointestinal lesion and bone marrow toxicity following exposure to the fluoropyrimidine in uridine phosphorylase knockouts. This data indicates the critical roles for uridine phosphorylase in the activation of fluoropyrimidines and in mediating host toxicities. To understand the role of uridine phosphorylase in the antitumor activity and tumor selectivity of fluoropyrimidines, we further evaluated the response of colon 38 tumor (expressing wild type uridine phosphorylase), transplanted in uridine phosphorylase null mice, to fluoropyrimidines. The preliminary data indicates that the abrogation of uridine phosphorylase activity in the host tissues does not prevent the antiproliferative activity of 5-fluorouracil in tumors and contributes to an increased therapeutic index. A more detailed evaluation of the antineoplastic activity of several fluoropyrimidines in the uridine phosphorylase knockout model is in progress to determine the tumor selectivity of this new potential therapeutic approach. * This work was supported in part by a grant from the National Cancer Institute CA67035 (GP), the Charlotte Geyer Foundation (GP), and the United Army Medical Research Breast Cancer Research Program (DLC).
Euthyroid Sick Syndrome
Authors: Ni Ketu Rai Purnami, Made Ratna Saraswati, I Ketut Sustika
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1978)

Subclinical thyroid dysfunction is a common clinical problem for which there are many controversial issues regarding screening, evaluation and management. Subclinical hypothyroidism is defined as an elevated serum TSH level associated with normal total or free T4 and T3 levels. Euthyroid sick syndrome (ESS) identifies abnormalities in thyroid function tests observed in patients with systemic nonthyroidal illnesses (NTIs) and those undergoing surgery or fasting. Abnormalities of thyroid function in NTIs have been classified as 1). Low T3 syndrome, 2). Low T3-low T4 syndrome, 3). High T4 syndrome, and 4). Other abnormalities. The condition is not considered to need treatment because there are no symptoms and the tests go back to normal when the stressful illness has passed. It has been reported a case of euthyroid sick syndrome of a 49 years old woman, whoOs suffering from sistemic illness of space occupaying lession in thoracal VII-VIII (with histopathologycal findings: metastatic adeno carcinoma). We found low levels of T3 (0.49 nmol/L) and TSH (<0.05 uI/ml), but normal levels of T4 (96.91nmol/L). In severely ill patients, T4 decreases and both T4 and T3 are inversely correlated with mortality rate.
Production of IL-10 by CD4+ regulatory T cells during the resolution of infection promotes the maturation of memory CD8+ T cells
Authors: Brian J Laidlaw, Weiguo Cui, Robert A Amezquita, Simon M Gray, Tianxia Guan, Yisi Lu, Yasushi Kobayashi, Richard A Flavell, Steven H Kleinstein, Joe Craft, Susan M Kaech
Journal: Nature Immunology (2015)
Acquired resistance to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors in lung cancer.
Authors: Marissa N. Balak, Gregory J. Riely, Allan R. Li, Maureen F. Zakowski, Marc Ladanyi, Vincent A. Miller, William Pao
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Proc Amer Assoc Cancer Res, Volume 47, 2006

SY10-01 

The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), gefitinib (Iressa) and erlotinib (Tarceva), induce dramatic responses in certain patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Unfortunately, most patients who initially respond to these drugs eventually develop progression of disease. We previously reported that in 2 of 5 patients with clinically acquired resistance to either gefitinib or erlotinib and in 1 patient who progressed on adjuvant gefitinib, tumors contained a second site mutation in the kinase domain after progression, in addition to a primary drug-sensitive EGFR mutation (exon 19 deletion or L858R point mutation) (Pao et al, PLoS Med ‘05b). The second site T790M amino acid change is predicted to block binding of drug to the ATP pocket via steric clash resulting from introduction of the bulky methionine residue. We will present updated information on more patients examined for mechanisms of acquired resistance to EGFR TKIs; such patients received gefitinib or erlotinib as monotherapy or in combination with chemotherapy. In addition, we are establishing tetracycline-inducible mouse models of EGFR-dependent lung adenocarcinomas responsive (K Politi, M Zakowski, W Pao, and H Varmus, manuscript in preparation) and resistant to erlotinib. Such animals should be useful for testing new strategies to overcome acquired resistance in the clinic. We acknowledge funding from the Joan's Legacy Foundation, the Doris Duke Charitable Foundation, NCI K08-CA097980-01A2, and an anonymous donor.
Thrombopoietin Induces Association of Crkl With STAT5 But Not STAT3 in Human Platelets
Authors: Katsutoshi Ozaki, Atsushi Oda, Hiroshi Wakao, Jennifer Rhodes, Brian J. Druker, Akaru Ishida, Masatoshi Wakui, Shinichiro Okamoto, Kayo Morita, Makoto Handa, Norio Komatsu, Hideya Ohashi, Atsushi Miyajima, Yasuo Ikeda
Journal: Blood (1998)
Science, medicine, and the future: Assessing thrombotic risk
Authors: M. Laffan, E. Tuddenham
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Editorial by Vandenbroucke

Venous thrombosis and venous thromboembolism are major medical problems. Because the time and scope for intervention are limited, the key to reducing the high morbidity and mortality of these conditions is prevention. Increased understanding of thrombotic mechanisms together with the recent identification of subsets of patients who are at increased risk of thrombosis are enabling clinicians to predict risk more accurately and increase the scope for targeted prevention. This article discusses current approaches and future prospects for assessing thrombotic risk and their relation to prophylactic strategies and new treatments.

In hospital practice, postmortem and other studies suggest that venous thromboembolism causes 10% of deaths and contributes to a further 15%. Although it is relatively less common in the community, where the prevalence varies with age between 1 in 10 000 and 1 in 1000 per year, it is still a major cause of concern. Anxiety runs highest when oral contraceptive or hormone replacement therapy is being considered, and a small number of women die each year from thrombosis associated with these agents. The importance of venous thrombosis is often considered largely in terms of risk of death, but this ignores considerable morbidity from the miserable and disabling postphlebitic syndrome, which will develop in >20% of survivors.

In most cases thrombosis arises from a combination of external circumstances and the inherited and acquired predisposition to thrombosis of an individual. Only 30-40% of cases seem to be completely spontaneous. So far we have been better at identifying high risk circumstances than high risk individuals, and so the concept of screening people for risk of thrombosis is relatively new. The tendency of some individuals to develop thrombosis more easily than others is often inherited, and the term thrombophilia has been coined to describe this condition. We can now identify a …
House dust mite avoidance measures for perennial allergic rhinitis: an updated Cochrane systematic review
Authors: U. Nurmatov, C. P. van Schayck, B. Hurwitz, A. Sheikh
Journal: Allergy (2011)

To cite this article: Nurmatov U, van Schayck CP, Hurwitz B, Sheikh A. House dust mite avoidance measures for perennial allergic rhinitis: an updated Cochrane systematic review. Allergy 2012; 67 : 158–165. Abstract Background: To assess the benefits and harms of measures designed to reduce house dust mite (HDM) exposure in the management of house dust mite–sensitive allergic rhinitis. Methods: Systematic review of randomized controlled trials was made, in which HDM control measures have been evaluated in comparison with placebo or other HDM avoidance measures, in patients with clinically proven allergic rhinitis. Results: Nine trials involving 501 participants satisfied the inclusion criteria. These trials have investigated the effectiveness of bedroom environmental control programmes involving the use of HDM impermeable bedding covers ( n = 4), acaricides ( n = 2), high‐efficiency particulate air filters ( n = 2) and, using a factorial design, acaricide and HDM impermeable bedding covers in isolation and combination ( n = 1). Seven of the nine trials reported that, when compared with control, the interventions studied resulted in significant reductions in HDM load. Of the interventions studied to date, acaricides appear to be the most promising, although the findings from these studies need to be interpreted with care because of their methodological limitations. House dust mite impermeable bedding as an isolated intervention is unlikely to offer benefit. Conclusions: Trials have tended to be small and of poor methodological quality, making it difficult to offer any definitive recommendations. Interventions that achieve substantial reductions in HDM load may offer some benefit in reducing rhinitis symptoms. Isolated use of HDM impermeable bedding is unlikely to prove effective.
Detection of differences in volatile organic compounds (VOCs) by ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) of exhaled breath in patients with interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) compared to healthy controls (HC)
Authors: Olaf Anhenn, Thomas Rabis, Urte Sommerwerck, Gerhard Weinreich, Jörg-Ingo Baumbach, Isabella Kurth, Kaid Darwiche, Lutz Freitag, Helmut Teschler, Ulrich Costabel
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Introduction: ILDs comprise a heterogenous group of disorders involving the lung parenchyma. Rapid and accurate diagnosis is often complicated by the need of assessing the pathological changes in the lung parenchyma by bronchoalveolar lavage, transbronchial biopsies or open lung biopsy.

Objectives: The aim of our study was to compare the pattern of VOCs in exhaled breath of patients with extrinsic allergic alveolitis (EAA), non-specific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP), idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) or sarcoidosis (SA) to healthy controls (HC).

Methods: Detection of VOCs in exhaled breath was performed by ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) coupled to a multi-capillary column (MCC) for pre-separation (MCC-IMS, B&S Analytik). ILD patients with EAA (n = 16), NSIP (n = 28), IPF (n = 26), SA (n = 21) were compared to HC (n = 39).

Results: Overall 215 peaks could be detected in exhaled breath of patients and controls. The EAA and the HC groups differed in 115 peaks. The IPF and the HC groups differed in 26 peaks, the NSIP and HC groups in 63, the SA and HC groups in 3 peaks.

Conclusions: IMS seems to be a promising technique to discriminate different ILDs from healthy controls. However, confirmation of our findings in a larger study population is needed. Also further investigations have to be undertaken, to address the question, whether different ILDs can be distinguished from one another by distinct peak patterns.
Endogenous Sex Hormones and Breast Cancer in Postmenopausal Women: Reanalysis of Nine Prospective Studies
Authors: T Key, P Appleby, I Barnes, G Reeves
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2002)

Background: Reproductive and hormonal factors are involved in the etiology of breast cancer, but there are only a few prospective studies on endogenous sex hormone levels and breast cancer risk. We reanalyzed the worldwide data from prospective studies to examine the relationship between the levels of endogenous sex hormones and breast cancer risk in postmenopausal women. Methods: We analyzed the individual data from nine prospective studies on 663 women who developed breast cancer and 1765 women who did not. None of the women was taking exogenous sex hormones when their blood was collected to determine hormone levels. The relative risks (RRs) for breast cancer associated with increasing hormone concentrations were estimated by conditional logistic regression on case–control sets matched within each study. Linear trends and heterogeneity of RRs were assessed by two-sided tests or chi-square tests, as appropriate. Results: The risk for breast cancer increased statistically significantly with increasing concentrations of all sex hormones examined: total estradiol, free estradiol, non-sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG)-bound estradiol (which comprises free and albumin-bound estradiol), estrone, estrone sulfate, androstenedione, dehydroepiandrosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, and testosterone. The RRs for women with increasing quintiles of estradiol concentrations, relative to the lowest quintile, were 1.42 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.04 to 1.95), 1.21 (95% CI = 0.89 to 1.66), 1.80 (95% CI = 1.33 to 2.43), and 2.00 (95% CI = 1.47 to 2.71; Ptrend<.001); the RRs for women with increasing quintiles of free estradiol were 1.38 (95% CI = 0.94 to 2.03), 1.84 (95% CI = 1.24 to 2.74), 2.24 (95% CI = 1.53 to 3.27), and 2.58 (95% CI = 1.76 to 3.78; Ptrend<.001). The magnitudes of risk associated with the other estrogens and with the androgens were similar. SHBG was associated with a decrease in breast cancer risk (Ptrend = .041). The increases in risk associated with increased levels of all sex hormones remained after subjects who were diagnosed with breast cancer within 2 years of blood collection were excluded from the analysis. Conclusion: Levels of endogenous sex hormones are strongly associated with breast cancer risk in postmenopausal women.
Vessel resistance to blood flow in the nailfold in patients with psoriasis: a prospective case-control echo Doppler-based study
Authors: H. Husein El-Ahmed, F. Garrido-Pareja, J.-C. Ruiz-Carrascosa, R. Naranjo-Sintes
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2011)

Psoriasis is a disease in which endothelial cells seem to play an important pathogenic role. No report published to date has examined nail vascularity in patients with psoriasis.To evaluate the vascularity in the nails of patients with psoriasis treated with classic and biologic therapies for comparison with disease-free controls, and to evaluate whether there are differences in nail vascularity among patients with and without nail involvement.We performed a prospective study with two cohorts comprising 23 patients with moderate-to-severe psoriasis and 23 controls without psoriasis. We measured the nailfold vessel resistance index (NVRI) in each subgroup.We found significant differences in the NVRI between patients and controls (P<0·001). Among patients with psoriasis, those with nail involvement showed a higher mean±SD NVRI (0·58±0·10) than those without (0·52±0·45).Psoriasis decreases the blood flow in nails, suggesting that this skin disease confers an independent risk for microvascular changes. This outcome may be associated with greater risk of nail-related signs.
Distance Dependence of Gold-Enhanced Upconversion luminescence in Au/SiO<sub>2</sub>/Y<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>:Yb<sup>3+</sup>, Er<sup>3+</sup> Nanoparticles
Authors: W. Ge, X. R. Zhang, M. Liu, Z. W. Lei, R. J. Knize, Yalin Lu
Journal: Theranostics (2013)

We report a localized surface plasmon enhanced upconversion luminescence in Au/SiO 2 /Y 2 O 3 :Yb 3+ ,Er 3+ nanoparticles when excited at 980 nm.By adjusting the silica spacer's thickness, a maximum 9.59-fold enhancement of the green emission was obtained.Effect of the spacer distance on the Au-Y 2 O 3 :Yb 3+ , Er 3+ green upconversion mechanism was numerically simulated and experimentally demonstrated.In theory for radiative decay and excitation rates, they can be largely enhanced at the spacer thicknesses of less than 70 and 75 nm, respectively, and the quenching can be caused by the non-radiative energy transferring at the distance of less than 55 nm.
Abstract 2866: The Ross-Yacoub Operation For Aneurismal Autograft Roots: A Strategy To Preserve Autologous Pulmonary Valves And Normal Quality Of Life
Authors: Giovanni Battista Luciani, Francesca Viscardi, Mara Pilati, Maria Antonia Prioli, Giuseppe Faggian, Alessandro Mazzucco
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Background: Prevalence of autograft dilatation late after the Ross procedure is increasing. To define feasibility and outcome of autograft valve-sparing root reoperation, a 14-year clinical experience was reviewed. Methods: One-hundred-twenty-five late survivors after the Ross procedure (7.0±1.9, 0.5–14 years) had cross-sectional clinical and echocardiographic examination. End-points were freedom from autograft dilatation (Ø&gt;4 cm), from root reoperation, from root replacement and functional outcome after valve-sparing reoperation. Results: Autograft dilatation was found in 33 (26%) patients (freedom of 46±12% at 14 years):12 (10%) patients had aortic aneurysm (&gt;5.0 cm). Age at Ross was 22.6±8.8 years, diagnosis was AI in 9, AS in 1, mixed in 2; 10 had bicuspid aortic valve and 3 prior cardiac operations. All, but one (cylinder inclusion), had undergone root technique. Risk factors for root reoperation were younger age (p=0.04), prior operation (p=0.01), root technique (p=0.001). Nine of 12 had reoperation for aneurysm at 7.8±1.8 years after the Ross procedure, 3 are scheduled. During this study, 2 additional patients underwent root reoperation 12.6 years after Ross procedure done abroad. Two patients had root replacement and 9 (82%) remodelling with autograft-valve preservation (7 Yacoub, 2 sinotubular junction/ascending aorta): all survived. Severe AI, but not root diameter, was associated with failure to preserve the valve (p=0.015). Fourteen-year freedom from root reoperation was 80±8% and from full root replacement 96±3%. Up to 6 years (mean 3.1±1.5) after reoperation, all pts are in NYHA class I and medication-free: 8/9 patients have mild AI or less, while 1 required valve replacement 51 months after remodeling. One patient carried out an uncomplicated pregnancy 3 years after Ross-Yacoub operation. Conclusions: Root reoperation with pulmonary valve preservation is feasible in most patients with autograft aneurysm, allowing for maintenance of normal quality of life. Referral of patients with dilated root for surgery prior to onset of severe valve insufficiency increases likelihood of pulmonary valve-sparing. Mid-term functional behaviour of remodelled autograft roots is rewarding, however continued observation is warranted.
Abstract 9666: Prevalence, Risk Factors and Impact on Mortality of Postoperative Atrial Arrhythmia in Lung Transplant Recipients
Authors: Kongkiat Chaikriangkrai, Soma Jyothula, Hye Yeon Jhun, Su Min Chang, Miguel Valderrabano
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Introduction: The aim of this study was to examine prevalence, risk factors and impact on mortality of new-onset atrial arrhythmia (AA) after isolated lung transplantation. Hypothesis: Occurence of postoperative AA is associated with lower survival after lung transplantation. Methods: This is a retrospective observational study of consecutive isolated lung transplant recipients. AA was defined as atrial fibrillation or atrial flutter. A total of 324 cases were identified. Patients with known history of AA were excluded (n=31). Logistic regression and Kaplan Meier analysis were utilized to evaluate potential risk factors and impact of AA on mortality. Results: The final cohort comprised of 293 cases. Mean age was 57 ±13 years. Primary lung pathologies were Obstructive diseases (26%; 77/293), Vascular diseases (2%; 6/293), Cystic fibrosis (7%; 21/293) and Restrictive diseases (65%; 189/293). Prevalence of AA post transplantation was 31 %(90/293) with a bimodal distribution of onset. The highest prevalence o...