tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Na <sup>+</sup> -H <sup>+</sup> Exchanger Isoform 1 Phosphorylation in Normal Wistar-Kyoto andSpontaneously Hypertensive Rats
Authors: Martin Siczkowski, Joan E. Davies, Leong L. Ng
Journal: Circulation Research (1995)

Abstract Increased activity of the cellular Na + -H + exchanger (NHE) has been documented in various cell types in essential hypertension and in vascular myocytes of the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR). The mechanism underlying this abnormality is unclear. Because the NHE can be activated by phosphorylation, we examined phosphorylation of the Na + -H + exchanger isoform 1 (NHE-1) as one possible mechanism for its increased turnover number in cultured vascular myocytes of the SHR. A polyclonal rabbit antibody against a fusion protein consisting of β-galactosidase and the C-terminus of NHE-1 was used to immunoprecipitate 32 P-labeled NHE-1 from cell extracts of SHR and Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rat vascular myocytes in the absence and presence of 10% fetal calf serum. Immunoprecipitates were separated by SDS-PAGE, and 32 P-labeled NHE-1 was quantified from autoradiographs. Similar amounts of NHE-1 protein were detected on Western blots of the cultured vascular myocytes from SHR and WKY rats. In quiescent cells, NHE-1 was significantly more phosphorylated in SHR myocytes than in WKY myocytes (2.17±0.06-fold enhancement [mean±SEM]; P &lt;.001, n=8). The addition of fetal calf serum to quiescent cells had no significant effect on the phosphorylation of NHE-1 in SHR myocytes. However, NHE-1 phosphorylation fell transiently in serum-treated WKY myocytes, with recovery to control levels after 20 minutes. Measurement of NHE activity using fluorometry confirmed elevated activity in the quiescent SHR myocytes compared with WKY myocytes. Fetal calf serum led to further enhancement of NHE activity in both cell types. These findings suggest that the increased NHE activity in quiescent SHR myocytes may be correlated with enhanced NHE-1 phosphorylation and that serum stimulates NHE activity in both cell types without a further increase in total NHE-1 phosphorylation, indicating a role for non–phosphorylation-dependent regulatory mechanisms.
Professional Blood Donors
Authors: Robert T. Carroll
Journal: JAMA (1963)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —Dr. Mason makes several good points. I agree that the term "professional donors" is a misnomer. It is true that at the present time it is not possible to maintain or control adequate blood inventory depending solely on replacement donors and that blood banks throughout the country cannot cover the needs of their communities without having available a list of professional donors for specific rare types. It is also advisable to avoid one-time voluntary donors for blood used in the preparation of fresh-frozen plasma for hemophiliacs and blood for heart-lung surgery and patients who are to receive repeated transfusions. Dr. Mason uses the term "selected donors" to refer to the general professional donor. Every blood bank, including our own, keeps a list of these "selected donors" which in our hospital encompasses the medical students, nurses, and other hospital personnel. However, I feel strongly that this type of
Autophagy is essential for effector CD8+ T cell survival and memory formation
Authors: Xiaojin Xu, Koichi Araki, Shuzhao Li, Jin-Hwan Han, Lilin Ye, Wendy G Tan, Bogumila T Konieczny, Monique W Bruinsma, Jennifer Martinez, Erika L Pearce, Douglas R Green, Dean P Jones, Herbert W Virgin, Rafi Ahmed
Journal: Nature Immunology (2014)
Progressive expansion of hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage by coagulopathy
Authors: Hiroshi Takahashi, Tetsumei Urano, Nobuo Nagai, Yumiko Takada, Akikazu Takada
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1998)

To test the hypothesis that an impaired coagulation system facilitates rapid expansion of hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage (HICH), coagulation markers were assayed in plasma and their relations to both the hemorrhage size and its progressive expansion were analyzed. Ninety patients with HICH were studied. On admission, plasma samples were taken for the coagulation assay. Hematoma volume was calculated from a computed tomography (CT) scan and its enlargement was estimated by comparison to the volume of the hematoma calculated from a second CT scan taken later within 24 hr. Nine out of 90 patients showed enlargement in their hematoma size (enlarged hematoma group). Four of the enlarged hematoma group fell into acute fatal deterioration and died. Plasma levels of both fibrino peptide A (17.2 ± 7.8 vs. 4.0 ± 0.6 ng/ml, P < 0.05) and thrombin-antithrombin complex (21.9 ± 3.1 vs. 7.4 ± 2.8 ng/ml, not significant) were higher in the unchanged group than those in the enlarged hematoma group. In the hematoma-enlarged group fibrino-peptide A level did not exceed 10 ng/ml. In the hematoma unchanged group thrombin-AT-III complex values were positively correlated to hematoma volume. Thus, the coagulation system seemed to be highly activated depending on the hemorrhage volume within three hr after ictus in hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage patients. When thrombin generation was not sufficient after bleeding, the hematoma seemed to be progressively enlarged. In conclusion, plasma levels of the coagulation markers on admission could be useful predictors of the possible enlargement of hematoma which leads to a poor outcome. Am. J. Hematol. 59:110–114, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Experimental hookworm infection and gluten microchallenge promote tolerance in celiac disease
Authors: John Croese, Paul Giacomin, Severine Navarro, Andrew Clouston, Leisa McCann, Annette Dougall, Ivana Ferreira, Atik Susianto, Peter O'Rourke, Mariko Howlett, James McCarthy, Christian Engwerda, Dianne Jones, Alex Loukas
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2014)
Hypercalcaemia due to dihydrotachysterol treatment in patients with hypothyroidism after thyroidectomy.
Authors: B A Lamberg, M J Tikkanen
Journal: BMJ (1981)

Hypercalcaemia is a recognised complication of hypothyroidism. We describe three patients who developed hypercalcaemia after thyroidectomy when thyroid supplements were discontinued. They were treated with thyroxine, dihydrotachysterol, and calcium after operation, and in all three cases serum calcium concentrations remained constant during combined treatment. Thyroxine treatment was discontinued several weeks before a radioiodine scan was performed; dihydrotachysterol and calcium were continued throughout. Serum calcium concentrations rose to hypercalcaemic levels in all cases. Elimination of dihydrotachysterol from plasma may be delayed in hypothyroidism, resulting in hypervitaminosis D. It is advisable to reduce the dose of dihydrotachysterol and to check serum calcium concentrations regularly in patients whose thyroid treatment is interrupted.
Who Speaks for the Patient?
Authors: Charles D. Aring
Journal: JAMA (1966)

The tendency to substitute the laboratory for the classical method of diagnosis is the despair of humanistic teachers. The trend to the laboratory as an alternative to "learning" the patient is seen in the novice, the harassed, the disorganized, and the lazy. The laboratory has become widely known as a tool of science and those who do not consider the matter too deeply are in danger of becoming enamored of it as a routine in the care of sick people. Since the laboratory is synonymous with research, and research has become the order of the day, inductive clinical analysis may be deprecated as a subjective method and, therefore, of lesser order. The largesse that has become available to academic medicine in the United States since the last world war does nothing to improve the situation. To derive these funds requires that research be processed with the result that some perfectly
Nail trichrome vitiligo: case report and literature review
Authors: N.G. Di Chiacchio, F.R. Ferreira, M.L. de Alvarenga, R. Baran
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2012)

Funding sources: none. Conflicts of interest: none declared. Madam, A 10‐year‐old boy, phototype V, presented with a 6‐month history of a dark macula on his second right toenail. The patient had been under treatment for vitiligo for the previous 3 years with topical and systemic corticosteroids and phototherapy (ultraviolet B narrowband radiation). The lesions on the skin fluctuated with periods of improvement and deterioration. During the last 4 months only topical steroids had been used. One month ago the pigmentation changed and light brown patches appeared, intermixed with areas of a deeper brown colour and associated with a deterioration in the skin lesions. On examination there was a light brown macula surrounding a darker brown macula on the second right toenail. The proximal nail fold presented achromic areas alternating with a dark‐brown pigmentation. Dermoscopic examination (DermLite FOTO; 3Gen, San Juan Capistrano, CA, U.S.A.), showed an achromatic macula surrounded by normal skin on the medial part of the proximal nail fold (Fig. 1). The lateral nail folds and periungual tissues did not show any abnormal pigmentation. The distal portion of the medial side of the nail plate showed a pigmentation that was subdivided into two different bands: a light‐brown band and a more usual darker‐brown band. The remaining part of the nail plate had no abnormal pigmentation. Onycholysis was observed in the distal medial part of the nail plate. Histopathological examination by haematoxylin and eosin and Periodic Acid Schiff stains did not show blood or fungi. In the Ziehl–Neelsen stain melamine was highlighted. After a thorough clinical history and dermatological, dermoscopic and histopathological examination, our diagnosis was trichrome vitiligo. Three months later, a regression of the light‐brown and darker‐brown band beneath the nail plate was observed, and an achromic area appeared in its place (Fig. 2).
Diaphragmatic Hernia with Torsion of Stomach and Acute Obstruction
Authors: H. Gardiner
Journal: BMJ (1944)

failed.In two patients 2 c.cm. of sterile Indian ink was injected into the abdomen, and chest taps were performed later.In each case the fluid in the chest showed the same concentration of Indian ink as that in the abdomen.That the Indian ink did not arrive in the pleural fluid by way of the blood stream was considered established by study of the blood, since no evidence of Indian ink could be found in the leucocytes on microscopical examination.This experiment suggested that the abdominal fluid may arrive in the chest by the same paths as the Indian ink, or vice versa.The probability is that the pathways are lymphatics which pass through the interstices of the serosal cells under the diaphragm, thence to the supra- diaphragmatic lymphatics and so into the chest. SummaryTwo cases of Meigs's syndrome (fibroma of the ovary with pleural effusion and ascites) areodescribed.This condition is probably rare, but without doubt some cases go unrecognized, since they are often ill and simulate advanced carci- noma of the ovary or severe cardiac, renal, pulmonary, or hepatic disease.This is most unfortunate, since such patients' would be denied an operation which gives excellent results.The syndrome must always be considered in a differential diagnosis of abdominal and chest effusions, and as only one other case has been described in the British literature in the last 20 years we feel that the occurrence of two cases within a year among a relatively small population suggests that some cases are being overlooked.
THE PHYSIOLOGY AND THERAPEUTICS OF THE THYROID GLAND AND ITS CONGENERS.
Authors: H. GIDEON WELLS
Journal: JAMA (1897)

The use of the thyroid gland as a remedial agent, while one of the latest advances in therapeutics, is at the same time one of the most striking examples of the success of rational and experimental methods in therapeutics that can be cited. Its general use began but six years ago, yet within that time it has made its way to the highest rank assigned to therapeutic materials—the specific drugs. That the thyroid extract is as surely a specific in its own field as are quinin, iron and the iodids in theirs, can not be doubted when we consider the manner in which the cretin, after receiving a few tablets, shakes off its lethargy of mind and loses its repulsiveness of figure to become an actually different being; or the way the characteristic symptoms of myxedema vanish under this form of treatment In the ascendancy of the thyroid extract to
Oncogenic and drug-sensitive NTRK1 rearrangements in lung cancer
Authors: Aria Vaishnavi, Marzia Capelletti, Anh T Le, Severine Kako, Mohit Butaney, Dalia Ercan, Sakshi Mahale, Kurtis D Davies, Dara L Aisner, Amanda B Pilling, Eamon M Berge, Jhingook Kim, Hidefumi Sasaki, Seung-il Park, Gregory Kryukov, Levi A Garraway, Peter S Hammerman, Julia Haas, Steven W Andrews, Doron Lipson, Philip J Stephens, Vince A Miller, Marileila Varella-Garcia, Pasi A Jänne, Robert C Doebele
Journal: Nature Medicine (2013)
The Appropriateness of Coronary Procedures in Sweden-Reply
Authors: Ann Bengtson
Journal: JAMA (1994)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —Dr Bernstein is correct. To compare the appropriateness of coronary procedures in different countries and parts of a country, exactly the same methods must be used. Our methods were not the same as those used by the RAND researchers, and our estimation was based mainly on questionnaires sent to all patients on the waiting list for the various procedures. In addition, we checked the questionnaires against hospital records in a subset of patients. The major criterion for revascularization in Sweden is pain that is unacceptable to the patient despite optimal medical therapy. The published results in our study would be applicable and generalizable within Sweden, but the number of patients referred for these procedures varies markedly between regions. In southwestern Sweden, there is a fourfold difference in the number of procedures per million people between the regions with the highest and lowest number of revascularizations per million people.
The C11orf30-LRRC32 region is associated with total serum IgE levels in asthmatic patients
Authors: Xingnan Li, Elizabeth J. Ampleford, Timothy D. Howard, Wendy C. Moore, Huashi Li, William W. Busse, Mario Castro, Serpil C. Erzurum, Anne M. Fitzpatrick, Benjamin Gaston, Elliot Israel, Nizar N. Jarjour, W. Gerald Teague, Sally E. Wenzel, Gregory A. Hawkins, Eugene R. Bleecker, Deborah A. Meyers
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2011)
Assessment of AlbuSure and Its Usefulness in Identifying IDDM Subjects at Increased Risk for Developing Clinical Diabetic Nephropathy
Authors: Beth A Coonrod, Demetrius Ellis, Dorothy J Becker, Janice S Dorman, Allan L Drash, Lewis H Kuller, Trevor J Orchard
Journal: Diabetes Care (1989)

This study, which included 154 participants in a 10-yr follow-up study of diabetes complications, was conducted to evaluate AlbuSure (a qualitative test designed to detect urinary albumin concentrations &amp;gt; 0.03 g/L) for its ability to discriminate between albumin concentrations above and below the manufacturer's concentration threshold and to identify individuals at increased risk for developing diabetic nephropathy (i.e., those with albumin excretion rate [AER] &amp;gt; 0.0288 g/24 h). The reproducibility of AlbuSure results was also evaluated. The results of these evaluations were examined by three different types of urine collections (24 h, overnight, and timed postclinic) and overall. AlbuSure's validity was examined by comparing its results to immunonephelometrically measured concentrations and AER. When compared to albumin concentration, AlbuSure had an overall sensitivity of 81.8%, specificity of 94.8%, and positive predictive value of 90.6%. AlbuSure's sensitivity was lower (71.4%) when compared with AER; however, this was higher than the sensitivity achieved by dipsticks against AER (50.7%). On testing urine samples stored for 3 days at 4°C, AlbuSure results were 100% reproducible after 1 day and had an overall reproducibility of 92% after 3 days. When urine was retested after 3 and 15 mo of storage at −70°C, AlbuSure was ≥ 90% reproducible, with some of the differing results attributable to corresponding changes in albumin concentration. The overnight sample appeared to be the sample of choice for testing with AlbuSure in that it showed excellent reproducibility and the highest sensitivity (compared to both albumin concentration and AER).
LEUCOCYTE COUNTS IN HEMORRHAGE.
Authors: GEORGE DOUGLAS HEAD
Journal: JAMA (1901)

It has been conclusively demonstrated that the loss of blood in man and the higer animals is followed by an increase in the number of leucocytes in the circulating blood. This increase in white cells following hemorrhage has been called post-hemorrhagic leucocytosis and ranges all the way from 11,000 to 30,000 white cells per cubic millimeter. How soon after the hemorrhage the leucocytosis appears does not seem to have been determined with absolute certainty. Cabot, in his "Clinical Examination of the Blood" (page 111), makes this statement: "Immediately after a loss of blood, we can usually find a decided leucocytosis, despite the dilution of the blood." On page 90 of the same work he writes: "Within an hour after a large hemorrhage we commonly find a considerable increase, 16,000 to 18,000 cells." The size of the hemorrhage required to produce a leucocytosis and the length of time during which the
Of cats, mice, and cocaine
Authors: George Dunea
Journal: BMJ (2005)

The cats that live in our apartment share many characteristics with their owners. They eat, sleep, can be noisy, and occasionally fight. Each cat has a unique personality, just like humans and also (according to an Indian friend) cows. As with humans, they pose interesting but unanswerable metaphysical questions, such as why are they here (it was to reduce the cat load of friends with an unexpectedly large litter), what is the …
Shoe Contact Dermatitis
Authors: Ernst Epstein
Journal: JAMA (1969)

Allergy to shoes is a fairly common problem in a dermatologist's practice. In a five-vear period 43 cases were documented. Shoe dermatitis is often incorrectly diagnosed as fungus infection, atopic eczema, or psoriasis. Employing only clinical criteria in the diagnosis of foot dermatoses can be misleading since shoe contact dermatitis may involve such "atypical" areas as the soles and is often not symmetrical. Proper patch testing with portions of the patient's own shoes is essential in making a diagnosis and is helpful from the standpoint of treatment. A shoe "screening tray" of rubber additives and other chemicals is a useful adjunct. As rubber-based adhesives or lining materials are the most commonly encountered offenders, finding suitable nonallergenic foot-wear can be a difficult problem. The majority of patients do well once the diagnosis is made.
High dose and low dose systematic corticosteroids are equally efficient in acute severe asthma
Authors: E Carter
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1995)

The optimal amount of systemic corticosteroids to be used in acute severe asthma remains an unresolved issue. In this double-blind, randomized study we compared two doses of methylprednisolone (1 vs 6 mg.kg-1 q.d.) in asthmatics presenting with an acute severe asthma attack, unresponsive to an intensive beta 2-agonist regimen administered during a run-in period. Concurrent therapy, including oxygen, inhaled and intravenous salbutamol, and aminophylline was strictly standardized. The response was assessed by serial bedside spirometry. The primary outcome measurement was forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) (expressed as percentage of predicted values) at 24 and 44 h. The trial was designed in order to achieve a statistical power of 90%. Twenty three patients were included in the low-dose group and 24 in the high-dose group. Both groups were comparable in terms of demographic profiles, history of asthma, and severity of the current attack. Improvement in pulmonary function was similar in both groups. At 44 h, the mean (+/- SD) FEV1 values were 53 +/- 22 and 45 +/- 14% in the low and in the high-dose group respectively (NS). We conclude that high dose systemic corticosteroids offer no further benefit over low-doses in the treatment of severe acute asthma.
The Oregon Health Plan
Authors: Malathi Srinivasan, Michael Przybylski, Nancy Swigonski
Journal: Diabetes Care (2001)

OBJECTIVE— In 1994, the Oregon Health Plan (OHP) expanded basic Medicaid insurance to residents under the federal poverty limit, adopted a prioritized limited benefits package, and converted to managed care. The quality of care in predominantly Medicaid populations with diabetes has not been previously described. In OHP enrollees, we examined predictors of diabetes care based on American Diabetes Association guidelines and described OHP diabetes care compared with national benchmarks. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS— Chart abstraction and Medicaid data for 1995-1996 yielded 996 nonpregnant diabetic patients who were 18-64 years of age. Using HbAlc, lipid panel, and urine protein/microalbumin documentation ordered during the study year, we constructed a standard care (SC) index: SC for all three tests, mixed care(MC) for one to two tests, or no tests documented (NTD). RESULTS— Our sample was predominantly white, 48 ± 11 years of age, 63% women, with 8 ± 5 provider visits. Providers ordered HbAlc (70%), urine microalbumin/protein (57%), and lipid panel(41%) tests. Patients distributed into SC (22%), MC (62%), or NTD (16%). Thirteen variables predicted SC. Patients had a higher likelihood of SC if they were 18-24 years of age, had more clinic visits, were on insulin daily,were in several comorbid groups, were enrolled in salaried or capitated health plans, or lived in counties with more hospital beds. Four studies were used as comparable national benchmarks. CONCLUSIONS— Care provided to OHP patients with diabetes compares favorably with national benchmarks. Yet, most OHP patients with diabetes are still not achieving optimal care. Examining predictors of SC may play an important role in further policy development.
Lipid Research Clinics Coronary Primary Prevention Trial Results
Authors: Matti Virkkunen
Journal: JAMA (1985)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I refer to the article entitled "The Lipid Research Clinics Coronary Primary Prevention Trial Results,"<sup>1</sup>a multicenter, randomized, double-blind study that tested the efficacy of cholesterol lowering in reducing risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) in 3,806 asymptomatic middle-aged men with primary hypercholesterolemia. This study found that those who had received cholestyramine resin experienced reductions in average total plasma and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, a 24% reduction in definite CHD death, and a 19% reduction in nonfatal myocardial infarction. However, the risk of death from all causes in 7.4 years was not significantly reduced in the cholestyramine group. The reason was that there was a greater number of violent and accidental deaths in the cholestyramine group. The authors say that since no plausible connection could be established between cholestyramine treatment and violent or accidental death, it is difficult to conclude that this could be anything but a
Positioning of Subject and of Nasogastric Tube during a Gastric Secretion Study
Authors: M. A. Hassan, M. Hobsley
Journal: BMJ (1970)

The histamine-infusion test was conducted in 50 subjects with a modification that allowed the completeness of recovery of the maximal gastric secretion to be assessed. The effects of the exact position of the tube and the position of the subject on the completeness of recovery were investigated. A simple water-recovery test was found to be as reliable as fluoroscopy for showing that the tip of the tube was within the stomach. Provided that the tip was within the stomach, the exact position of the tube did not affect recovery. Furthermore, recovery in 19 subjects was not appreciably affected by changing the person from the left lateral to the supine semirecumbent position.