tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Estimating the Health Effects of Greenhouse Gas Mitigation Strategies: Addressing Parametric, Model, and Valuation Challenges
Authors: Justin V. Remais, Jeremy J. Hess, Kristie L. Ebi, Anil Markandya, John M. Balbus, Paul Wilkinson, Andy Haines, Zaid Chalabi
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2014)

Background: Policy decisions regarding climate change mitigation are increasingly incorporating the beneficial and adverse health impacts of greenhouse gas emission reduction strategies. Studies of such co-benefits and co-harms involve modeling approaches requiring a range of analytic decisions that affect the model output.Objective: Our objective was to assess analytic decisions regarding model framework, structure, choice of parameters, and handling of uncertainty when modeling health co-benefits, and to make recommendations for improvements that could increase policy uptake.Methods: We describe the assumptions and analytic decisions underlying models of mitigation co-benefits, examining their effects on modeling outputs, and consider tools for quantifying uncertainty.Discussion: There is considerable variation in approaches to valuation metrics, discounting methods, uncertainty characterization and propagation, and assessment of low-probability/high-impact events. There is also variable inclusion of adverse impacts of mitigation policies, and limited extension of modeling domains to include implementation considerations. Going forward, co-benefits modeling efforts should be carried out in collaboration with policy makers; these efforts should include the full range of positive and negative impacts and critical uncertainties, as well as a range of discount rates, and should explicitly characterize uncertainty. We make recommendations to improve the rigor and consistency of modeling of health co-benefits.Conclusion: Modeling health co-benefits requires systematic consideration of the suitability of model assumptions, of what should be included and excluded from the model framework, and how uncertainty should be treated. Increased attention to these and other analytic decisions has the potential to increase the policy relevance and application of co-benefits modeling studies, potentially helping policy makers to maximize mitigation potential while simultaneously improving health.Citation: Remais JV, Hess JJ, Ebi KL, Markandya A, Balbus JM, Wilkinson P, Haines A, Chalabi Z. 2014. Estimating the health effects of greenhouse gas mitigation strategies: addressing parametric, model, and valuation challenges. Environ Health Perspect 122:447–455; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1306744
Meta-analysis of intravenous dipyridamole-thallium-201 imaging (1985 to 1994) and dobutamine echocardiography (1991 to 1994) for risk stratification before vascular surgery
Authors: Leslee J. Shaw, Kim A. Eagle, Bernard J. Gersh, D. Douglas Miller
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1996)

Objectives. This study evaluated the prognostic value of abnormal test results with pharmacologic stress with regard to perioperative and long-term outcomes in a large population of candidates for vascular surgery. Background. Although numerous studies have demonstrated the prognostic value of dipyridamole-thallium-201 myocardial perfusion and dobutamine echocardiography in vascular surgery candidates, a synopsis of predictive estimates is different because of individual study variability in pretest clinical risk, sample size and study design. Methods. A systematic review of published reports on preoperative pharmacologic stress risk stratification from the MEDLINE data base (1985 to 1994) identified 10 reports on dipyridamole-thallium-201 myocardial perfusion (1,994 patients) and 5 on dobutamine stress echocardiography (445 patients). Random effects models were used to calculate summary odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals. Results. Summary odds ratios for death or myocardial infarction and secondary cardiac end points were greater for dobutamine echocardiographic dysynergy (14- to 27-fold) than for dipyridamole-thallium-201 redistribution (4-fold); wider confidence intervals were noted with dobutamine echocardiography. Pretest coronary disease probability was correlated with the positive predictive value of a reversible thallium-201 defect (r = 0.70). Increasing sixfold from low to high risk patients subsets. Cardiac event rates were low in patients without a history of coronary artery disease (1% in 176 patients) compared with patients with coronary disease and a normal or fixed-defect pattern (4.8% in 83 patients) and one or more thallium-201 redistribution abnormality (18.6% in 97 patients, p = 0.0001). Conclusions. Meta-analysis of 15 studies demonstrated that the prognostic value of noninvasive stress imaging abnormalities for perioperative ischemic events is comparable between available t techniques but that the accuracy varies with coronary artery disease prevalence.
Patterns of induced variation in the morphology, hyaluronic acid secretion, and lysosomal enzyme activity of cultured human synovial cells.
Authors: J R Fraser, B J Clarris, E Baxter
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1979)

In contrast with newly isolated cells or early primary cultures, synovial cell lines in standardised growth conditions assume a rather uniform fibroblast-like appearance. However, 2 distinct variations in the cytological pattern can be induced at this stage. The first is characterised primarily by increased numbers of small phase-dense organelles that show the distinctive fluorescence of lysosomes after supravital staining, and are interspersed with vacuoles. The associated functional changes include increased enzyme activity and decreased net synthesis of hyaluronic acid. This variation can be induced by exposure to indigestible neutral sugars, adenosine, or its 5' nucleotides. The second variation consists of a striking reorganisation of cytoplasm by condensation into dense ridges or a dendritic network of processes. It is accompanied by increased hyaluronic acid secretion and is induced by agents that enhance intracellular activity of cyclic adenosine monophosphate, such as dibutyryl cyclic adenosine monophosphate and cholera enterotoxin. It appears possible to direct differentiation in synovial cell lines to correspond at least in part with the presumed functions of the different cell types in the parent tissue. The 2 patterns may be useful markers to correlate with other aspects of synovial cell function in vitro.
Keratinocyte Growth Factor Prevents Ventilator-induced Lung Injury in an<i>Ex Vivo</i> Rat Model
Authors: DAVID A. WELSH, WARREN R. SUMMER, ELIZABETH P. DOBARD, STEVE NELSON, CAROL M. MASON
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2000)

Mechanical ventilation has been shown to produce lung injury characterized by noncardiogenic pulmonary edema. Keratinocyte growth factor (KGF) is a heparin-binding growth factor that causes alveolar type II pneumocyte hyperplasia. KGF pretreatment and the resultant pneumocyte hyperplasia reduce fluid flux in models of lung injury. We utilized the isolated perfused rat lung model to produce lung injury by varying tidal volume and the level of positive end-expiratory pressure during mechanical ventilation. Pretreatment with KGF attenuated ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI). This was demonstrated by lower wet-to-dry lung weight ratios and less lung water accumulation in the KGF group. Further, KGF prevented the decline in dynamic compliance and alveolar protein accumulation in VILI. KGF pretreatment reduced alveolar accumulation of intravascularly administered fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled high-molecular-weight dextran. Thus, pretreatment with KFG attenuates injury in this ex vivo model of VILI via mechanisms that prevent increases in permeability.
Book Review New Generation Vaccines Second edition, revised and expanded. Edited by Myron M. Levine, Graeme C. Woodrow, James B. Kaper, and Gary S. Cobon. 1215 pp., illustrated. New York, Marcel Dekker, 1997. $195. 0-8247-0061-9
Authors: Juhani Eskola
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1998)
Effects of afterload reduction on global left ventricular and regional myocardial functions in the isolated canine heart with stenosis of a coronary arterial branch.
Authors: S Isoyama, Y Maruyama, K Ashikawa, S Sato, H Suzuki, J Watanabe, Y Shimizu, E Ino-Oka, T Takishima
Journal: Circulation (1983)

We examined the effects of graded reduction of afterload on the global left ventricular and regional myocardial functions as well as coronary hemodynamics in hearts with regional ischemia. We used isolated, paced canine hearts that were loaded with a hydraulic system that simulated the aortic input impedance of the dog's arterial tree. The loading conditions could be quantitatively and sequentially changed by the reduction of the systemic vascular resistance of the hydraulic system, while the preload was kept constant using a variable-height reservoir connected to the left atrium. The heart was perfused with arterial blood from a support dog. Mean coronary perfusion pressure was maintained equal to mean aortic pressure (AoP) by a servo-controlled pump. Then, the left circumflex branch was constricted to an approximate 50% flow reduction of the preischemic control condition. The myocardial lengths at ischemic and nonischemic regions were measured with two pairs of ultrasonic crystals. In the hearts without ischemia, cardiac output continued to increase, from 535 +/- 14 to 1181 +/- 74 ml/min (p less than 0.01), as mean AoP decreased fom 111 +/- 4 to 52 +/- 3 mm Hg (p less than 0.01), although mean coronary blood flow decreased by approximately 50%. During regional ischemia, at control pressures, performance of the ischemic region diminished from 0.94 +/- 0.15 to 0.77 +/- 0.15 mm (p less than 0.05). With a small decrease in afterload, from 98 +/- 6 to 86 +/- 3 mm Hg, performance improved slightly as in the normal region. With a larger reduction in afterload, from 86 +/- 3 to 55 +/- 6 mm Hg, performance of the ischemic region decreased from 0.77 +/- 0.15 to 0.61 +/- 0.15 mm (p less than 0.05) while cardiac output increased. Thus, there appears to be a bimodal change in performance: a baseline performance, perfusion pressure-mediated decrease and a second, afterload-modulated change.
Delusional parasitosis: traditional concepts and contemporary perspectives
Authors: D.H. Batchelor, T.M. Reilly
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1985)

This poster illustrates the evolving profile of delusional parasitosis, from its early description as a phobic disorder—‘parasitophobia’; ‘acarophobia’ (Wilson & Miller, 1946), etc—with a uniform mode of presentation and clinical course and presumed status as a discrete nosological entity with an invariably poor prognosis, to its present position (Skott, 1978) as a syndromal disorder with a heterogeneous aetiology to which a variety of physical and psychological factors may contribute with varying degrees of importance and interdependence, with a time course spanning a few weeks to many years, with a disparate pattern of association with previous physical and psychiatric disorder and a spectrum of family psychopathology, and an encouraging response to current psychopharmacological methods of treatment. Recent contributions to the literature, by the authors (Reilly & Batchelor, 1984) and others (Lyell, 1983), are reviewed in order to demonstrate the current high level of awareness, greater understanding and improved management of this disorder, particularly among dermatologists. Reference is made to recent claims that the neuroleptic agent pimozide (Hamann & Avnstorp, 1982) is often particularly effective in the treatment of patients with delusional parasitosis, and these claims are critically examined in the context of overall management principles.
Bone Scintigraphy in Pulmonary Alveolar Microlithiasis: A Comparative Study of Radioactivity and Density Distribution
Authors: CHOHEI SHIGENO, MASAO FUKUNAGA, RIKUSHI MORITA, HISATOSHI MAEDA, MEGUMU HINO, KANJI TORIZUKA
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1982)

A histologically proven case of pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis that demonstrated intense lung uptake of Tc-99m-MDP on a bone scan is presented. The spatial distribution within the lungs of the radioactivity and density was assessed either by single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), or x-ray computed tomography (CT) respectively, and the regional magnitude of the two parameters were compared. The quantitative study of regional radioactivity and density revealed that both the parameters distributed symmetrically, showing gradual increase in magnitude from the upper to the lower lung regions. The radioactivity-density association observed in our patient may indicate on-going formation of microcalculi throughout the lungs, the degree of which is greater at the sites of more severe involvement.
Iraq's hospitals struggle to provide a service
Authors: O. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2003)

In the metastasis-targeted organs, angiogenesis is essential for the progression of dormant micrometastases to rapidly growing and clinically overt lesions. However, we observed changes suggesting angiogenic switching in the mouse lungs prior to arrival of tumor cells (i.e., in the premetastatic niche) in the models of breast carcinoma. This angiogenic switching appears to be caused by myeloid-derived suppressor cells recruited to the premetastatic lungs through complement C5a receptor 1 signaling. These myeloid cells are known to secrete several proangiogenic factors in tumors, including IL-1β and matrix metalloproteinase-9, and we found upregulation of these genes in the premetastatic lungs. Blockade of C5a receptor 1 synergized with antiangiogenic <i>Listeria monocytogenes</i>–based vaccines to decrease the lung metastatic burden by reducing vascular density and improving antitumor immunity in the lungs. This was mediated even when growth of primary breast tumors was not affected by these treatments. This work provides initial evidence that angiogenesis contributes to the premetastatic niche in rapidly progressing cancers and that inhibiting this process through immunotherapy is beneficial for reducing or even preventing metastasis.
CD28-mediated regulation of multiple myeloma cell proliferation and survival
Authors: Nizar J. Bahlis, Anne M. King, Despina Kolonias, Louise M. Carlson, Hong Yu Liu, Mohamad A. Hussein, Howard R. Terebelo, Gerald E. Byrne, Bruce L. Levine, Lawrence H. Boise, Kelvin P. Lee
Journal: Blood (2007)
Prevention of venous thrombosis with minidose warfarin after joint replacement.
Authors: C Dale, A Gallus, A Wycherley, S Langlois, D Howie
Journal: BMJ (1991)

Without prophylaxis 5-10% of patients having elective hip replacement develop clinically important venous thrombosis and about 5% develop symptomatic embolism, which is fatal in up to 0-5%.' Effective preventive methods exist, but many orthopaedic surgeons do not use them systematically because they tend to be complex, cumbersome, dangerous, or not generally available.'Minidose warfarin (a fixed dose of 1 mg warfarin a day) is simple, seems to be safe, prevents leg vein thrombosis after elective gynaecological surgery,2 and prevents subclavian vein thrombosis after central venous line insertion.3We report a pilot study of its use in elective major joint replacement.
Pacing-induced automaticity in sheep Purkinje fibers.
Authors: R W Wald, M B Waxman
Journal: Circulation Research (1981)

The induction and decay of pacing-induced automaticity were studied in 15 sheep Purkinje fiber preparations superfused with modified Tyrode's solution containing norepinephrine, 2.5 x 10(-7) M. All preparations were quiescent prior to pacing. Spontaneous automaticity could be induced in each preparation provided a sufficient number of pacing stimuli were applied at a fast enough rate. Once the minimum pacing requirements for induction of automaticity were exceeded, the number, total duration, and fastest rate of the induced beats were proportional to the number and rate of the pacing stimuli up to a maximum which could not be exceeded. Consecutive trains of stimuli were additive in inducing automaticity, provided that the pauses between them were short enough to preclude the time-dependent return of automatic properties to their pre-pacing level. Prolonged sequence of fixed pacing trains resulted in stable degrees of automaticity which depended on the length of the pause between them. These observations permit a semiquantitative description of induced automatic behavior and help establish a model that may be useful in future studies.
Application of Next-generation Sequencing Technology in Forensic Science
Authors: Yaran Yang, Bingbing Xie, Jiangwei Yan
Journal: Genomics Proteomics & Bioinformatics (2014)

Next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology, with its high-throughput capacity and low cost, has developed rapidly in recent years and become an important analytical tool for many genomics researchers. New opportunities in the research domain of the forensic studies emerge by harnessing the power of NGS technology, which can be applied to simultaneously analyzing multiple loci of forensic interest in different genetic contexts, such as autosomes, mitochondrial and sex chromosomes. Furthermore, NGS technology can also have potential applications in many other aspects of research. These include DNA database construction, ancestry and phenotypic inference, monozygotic twin studies, body fluid and species identification, and forensic animal, plant and microbiological analyses. Here we review the application of NGS technology in the field of forensic science with the aim of providing a reference for future forensics studies and practice.
THROMBOPENIC PURPURA DUE TO SULFATHIAZOLE
Authors: Samuel Rosenfeld
Journal: JAMA (1942)

Thrombopenic purpura has been observed and described as a manifestation of drug toxicity during the administration of sulfanilamide<sup>1</sup>and of sulfapyridine.<sup>2</sup>It has yet not been reported with the use of sulfathiazole. The following case is one in which this complication occurred. <h3>REPORT OF CASE</h3><h3>History.—</h3> A carpenter aged 37 was admitted to the Jewish Hospital Sept. 11, 1941. He had experienced left renal colic seventeen years before and a calculus was removed from the urinary bladder by cystoscopy. Three years later a similar episode occurred. The patient then experienced good health until one year before admission, at which time he again had left renal colic. A nephrostomy was performed at another hospital but the patient did not know whether a calculus was removed. The wound healed and the patient was comfortable for the next three months. For nine months prior to admission he had frequent attacks
You are right too!
Authors: J. L. Witztum
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2005)

Macrophage scavenger receptors, such as CD36 and class A scavenger receptor (SR-A), have previously been thought to play a central role in foam cell formation and atherogenesis by mediating the uptake of oxidized LDL. In this issue of the JCI, Moore et al. report that Apoe–/– mice deficient in either CD36 or SR-A did not have less atherosclerosis at the level of the aortic valve than did wild-type Apoe–/– mice. In contrast, similar studies by previous investigators found that deletion of these receptors decreased atherogenesis. The reasons for the different results are not known, but these data suggest that the role of these receptors in atherogenesis remains unresolved.
Plasma immunoreactive melanotrophic hormones in patients on maintenance haemodialysis.
Authors: J J Gilkes, R A Eady, L H Rees, D D Munro, J F Moorhead
Journal: BMJ (1975)

Circulating levels of melanotrophic horomones and ACTH were determined in patients treated by maintenance dialysis for chronic renal failure. Plasma melanotrophic hormone levels were greatly increased in all patients studied (125-1100 ng/1 as compared with 12-36 ng/1 in normal adults) and were correlated with the duration of treatment. Skin pigmentation, especially in exposed areas, was notably increased, particularly in those patients with the highest plasma melanotrophic concentrations. Plasma ACTH levels were normal or only slightly raised and circulating corticosteroid concentrations, as determined by a fluorimetric method, all lay within the physiological range. The dissociation between ACTH and melanotrophic hormone levels in these patients may have been the result of a slower metabolic clearance of the latter.
Contemporary Transfusion Practice Technical Workshop
Authors: Edgar H. Pierce
Journal: JAMA (1989)

<h3>Current Status of Hemapheresis: Indications, Technology and Complications Technical Workshop, edited by Robert G. Westphal and Duke O. Kasprisin (workshop, Orlando, Fla, 1987), 128 pp, with illus, $23;</h3><h3>Current Scientific/Ethical Dilemmas in Blood Banking Technical Workshop, edited by Dennis M. Smith, Jr, and Katherine B. Carlson (workshop, Orlando, Fla, November 1987), 113 pp, with illus, $18;</h3><h3>Tissue Banking Technical Workshop, by Kenneth Fawcett and Alice R. Barr, 157 pp, with illus, $25;</h3><h3>Transfusion-Transmitted Viral Diseases, edited by S. Breanndan Moore (seminar, Orlando, Fla, November 1987), 147 pp, with illus, $25;</h3><h3>Alternative Educational Methods for Continuing Education Technical Workshop, edited by Stephanie H. Summers, Colin R. Macpherson, and Melanie S. Kennedy (workshop, Orlando, Fla, November 1987), 104 pp, with illus, $19;</h3><h3>Autologous and Directed Blood Programs Technical Workshop, edited by Ronnie J. Garner and Arthur J. Silvergleid (workshop, Orlando, Fla, November 1987), 78 pp, $15;</h3><h3>Blood Group Systems: Rh Technical Workshop</h3>
Jehovah's Witnesses May Not Have Identical Outcomes With Nontransfused Non-Witnesses After Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Dimitrios C. Angouras
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2013)

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