It is where housewives display their cooking skills.

It is where the family entertains important guests.

It has become something odd in a modem house.

It is regarded as the center of a modem home.

Question: What does the author say about the kitchen of today?

These days, nobody needs to cook. Families graze on high-cholesterol take-aways and microwaved ready-meals. Cooking is an occasional hobby and a vehicle for celebrity chefs. Which makes it odd that the kitchen has become the heart of the modem house: what the great hall was to the medieval castle, the kitchen is to the 21st-century home.
The money spent on kitchens has risen with their status. In America the kitchen market is now worth $170 billion, five times the country's film industry. In the year to August 2007, IKEA, a Swedish furniture chain, sold over one million kitchens worldwide. The average budget for a "major" kitchen overhaul in 2006, calculates Remodeling magazine, was a staggering $54,000; even a "minor" improvement cost on average $18,000.
Exclusivity, more familiar in the world of high fashion, has reached the kitchen: Robinson & Cornish, a British manufacturer of custom-made kitchens, offers a Georgian-style one which would cost ￡145,000-155,000-excluding building, plumbing and electrical work. Its big selling point is that nobody else will have it: "You won't see this kitchen anywhere else in the world."
The elevation of the room that once belonged only to the servants to that of design showcase for the modem family tells the story of a century of social change. Right into the early 20th century, kitchens were smoky, noisy places, generally located underground, or to the back of the house, and as far from living space as possible. That was as it should be: kitchens were for servants, and the aspiring middle classes wanted nothing to do with them.
But as the working classes prospered and the servant shortage set in, housekeeping became a matter of interest to the educated classes. One of the pioneers of a radical new way of thinking about the kitchen was Catharine Esther Beecher, sister of Harriet Beecher Stowe. In American Woman's Home, published in 1869, the Beecher sisters recommended a scientific approach to household management, designed to enhance the efficiency of a woman's work and promote order.
Many contemporary ideas about kitchen design can be traced back to another American, Christine Frederick, who set about enhancing the efficiency of the housewife. Her 1919 work, Household Engineering: Scientific Management in the Home, was based on detailed observation of a housewife's daily routine. She borrowed the principle of efficiency on the factory floor and applied it to domestic tasks on the kitchen floor.
Frederick's central idea, that stove, sink and kitchen table must be placed in such a relation that useless steps are avoided entirely", inspired the first fully fitted kitchen, designed in the 1920s by Margarete Schütter-Lihotsky. It was a modernist triumph, and many elements remain central features of today's kitchen.


It is believed to have tremendous artistic value.

No duplicate is to be found in any other place.

It is manufactured by a famous British company.

No other manufacturer can produce anything like it.

Question: Why does the Georgian-style kitchen sell at a very high price?


Improved living conditions.
Women's elevated status.
Technological progress.
Social change.

Question: What does the change in the status of the kitchen reflect?


A place where women could work more efficiently.

A place where high technology could be applied.

A place of interest to the educated people.

Question: What was the Beecher sisters' idea of a kitchen?


It represents the rapid technological advance in people's daily life.

Many of its central features are no different from those of the 1920s.

It has been transformed beyond recognition.

Many of its functions have changed greatly.

Question: What do we learn about today's kitchen?


The destruction caused by the First World War.

The increased exports of European countries.

Question: What brought about the decline in the demand for American farm products?

In the 1920s demand for American farm products fell, as European countries began to recover from World War I and instituted austerity  programs to reduce their imports. The result was a sharp drop in farm prices. This period was more disastrous for farmers than earlier times had been, because farmers were no longer self-sufficient. They were paying for machinery, seed, and fertilizer, and they were also buying consumer goods. The prices of the items farmers bought remained constant, while prices they received for their products fell. These developments were made worse by the Great Depression, which began in 1929 and extended throughout the 1939s.
In 1929, under President Herbert Hoover, the Federal Farm Board was organized. It established the principle of direct interference with supply and demand, and it represented the first national commitment to provide greater economic stability for farmers.
President Hoover's successor attached even more importance to this problem. One of the first measures proposed by President Franklin D. Roosevelt when he took office in 1933 was the Agricultural Adjustment Act, which was subsequently passed by Congress. This law gave the Secretary of Agriculture the power to reduce production through voluntary agreements with farmers who were paid to take their land out of use. A deliberate scarcity of farm products was planned in an effort to raise prices. This law was declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court on the grounds that general taxes were being collected to pay one special group of people. However, new laws were passed immediately that achieved the same result of resting soil and providing flood-control measures, but which were based on the principle of soil conservation. The Roosevelt Administration believed that rebuilding the nation's soil was in the national interest and was not simply a plan to help farmers at the expense of other citizens. Later the government guaranteed loans to farmers so that they could buy farm machinery, hybrid  grain, and fertilizers.


to promote the mechanization of agriculture

Question: The chief concern of the American government in the area of agriculture in the 1920s was ________.


adjust the prices of their farm products

be self-sufficient in agricultural production

Question: The Agricultural Adjustment Act encouraged American farmers to ________.


might cause greater scarcity of farm products

didn't give the Secretary of Agriculture enough power

would benefit neither the government nor the farmers

benefited one group of citizens at the expense of others

Question: The Supreme Court rejected the Agricultural Adjustment Act because it believed that the Act ________.


conserving soil in the long-term interest of the nation

helping farmers without shifting the burden onto other taxpayers

Question: It was claimed that the new laws passed during the Roosevelt Administration were aimed at ________.


He ran a drug store that also sells wine.

He had been a doctor until the Civil War.

He made a lot of money with his pharmacy.

Question: What does the passage tell us about John Styth Pemberton?

The man who invented Coca-cola was not a native Atlantan, but on the day of his funeral every drugstore in town testimonially shut up shop. He was John Styth Pemberton, born in 1833 in Knoxville, Georgia, eighty miles away. Sometimes known as Doctor, Pemberton was apharmacist  who, during the Civil War, led a cavalry troop under General Joe Wheelrer.
He settled in Atlanta in 1869, and soon began brewing such patent medicines as Triplex Liver Pills and Globe of Flower Cough Syrup. In 1885, he registered a trademark for Something called French Wine Coca-Ideal Nerve and Tonic Stimulant, a few months later he formed the Pemberton Chemical Company, and recruited the services of a bookkeeper named Frank M.
Robinson, who not only had a good head for figures but, attached to it, so exceptional a nose that he could audit the composition of a batch of syrup ( ) merely by sniffling it.
In 1886--a year in which, as contemporary Coca-Coca officials like to point out, Conan Doyle unveiled Sherlock Holmes and France unveiled the Statue of Liberty--Pemberton unveiled a syrup that he called Coca-Coca. It was a modification of his French Wine Coca. He had taken out the wine and added a pinch of caffeine, and, when the end product tasted awful, had thrown in some extract of cola nut and a few other oils, blending the mixture in a three-legged iron pot in his back yard and swishing it around with an oar. He distributed it to soda fountains in used beer bottles, and Robinson, with his glowing bookkeeper's script, presently devised a label, on which "Coca-Cola" was written in the fashion that is still employed.
Pemberton looked upon his mixture less as a refreshment than as a headache cure, especially for people whose headache could be traced to over-indulgence.
On a morning late in 1886, one such victim of the night before dragged himself into an Atlanta drugstore and asked for a doolop of Cola-Cola. Druggists customarily stirred a teaspoonful of syrup into a glass of water, but in this instance the man on duty was too lazy to walk to the fresh-water tap, a couple of feet off. Instead, he mixed the syrup with some soda water, which was closer at hand. The suffering customer perked up almost at once, and word quickly spread that the best Coca-Cola was a fizzy one.


Skills to make French wine.
Talent for drawing pictures.
An acute sense of smell.
Ability to work with numbers.

Question: Which of the following was unique to Frank M. Robinson, working with the Pemberton's Company?


Because he took to doing a job like Sherlock Holmes's.

Because he brought a quite profitable product into being.

Because he observed the founding ceremony of Statue of Liberty.

Because he was awarded by Coca-Cola for his contribution.

Question: Why was the year 1886 so special to Pemberton?


used beer bottles were chosen as containers

the amount of caffeine in it was increased

it was blended with oils instead of water

Question: One modification made of French Wine Coca formula was


the complaint against the lazy shop-assistant

a real test of Coca-enla as a headache cure

a happy accident that gave birth to Coca-Cola

Question: The last paragraph mainly tells _


people's attitude towards the road-hog
the rhythm of modern life
the behavior of the driver
traffic conditions

Question: According to this passage, troubles on the road are primarily caused by 	.

It is all very well to blame traffic jams, the cost of petrol and the quick pace of modern life, but manners on the roads are becoming horrible. Everybody knows that the nicest men become monsters behind the wheel. It is very well, again, to have a tiger in the tank, but to have one in the driver's seat is another matter altogether. You might tolerate the odd road-hog, the rude and inconsiderate driver, but nowadays the well-mannered motorist is the exception to the rule. Perhaps the situation calls for a "Be Kind to Other Drivers" campaign, otherwise it may get completely out of hand.
Road politeness is not only good manners, but good sense too. It takes the most cool-headed and good-tempered of drivers to resist the temptation to revenge when subjected to uncivilized behavior. On the other hand, a little politeness goes a long way towards relieving the tensions of motoring. A friendly nod or a wave of acknowledgement in response to an act of politeness helps to create an atmosphere of goodwill and tolerance so necessary in modern traffic conditions. But such acknowledgements of politeness are all too rare today. Many drivers nowadays don't even seem able to recognize politeness when they see it.
However, misplaced politeness can also be dangerous. Typical examples are the driver who brakes violently to allow a car to emerge from a side street at some hazard to following traffic, when a few seconds later the road would be clear anyway; or the man who waves a child across a zebra crossing into the path of oncoming vehicles that may be unable to stop in time. The same goes for encouraging old ladies to cross the road wherever and whenever they care to. It always amazes me that the highways are not covered with the dead bodies of these grannies.
A veteran driver, whose manners are faultless, told me it would help if motorists learnt to filter correctly into traffic streams one at a time without causing the total blockages that give rise to bad temper. Unfortunately, modern motorists can't even learn to drive, let alone master the subtler aspects of boatmanship. Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time for all of us to take this message to heart.


our society is unjust towards well-mannered motorists

rude drivers can be met only occasionally

the well-mannered motorist cannot tolerate the road-hog

nowadays impolite drivers constitute the majority of motorists

Question: The sentence "You might tolerate the odd road-hog... the rule." (Para. 1) implies that.


the driver's ability to understand and react reasonably

the driver's prompt response to difficult and severe conditions

the driver's tolerance of rude or even savage behavior

the driver's acknowledgement of politeness and regulations

Question: By "good sense," the writer means 	.


drivers should be ready to yield to each other

drivers should have more communication among themselves

drivers will suffer great loss if they pay no respect to others

Question: Experts have long pointed out that in the face of car-ownership explosion, 	.


strict traffic regulations are badly needed

drivers should apply road politeness properly

Question: In the writer's opinion, 	.


incurs suspicion
is a new pursuit
hasn't been realized
arouses curiosity

Question: We can learn from the first two paragraphs that alchemy  _ .

In a lab in Princeton University's ultra-sleek chemistry building, researchers toil in a modern-day hunt for an elusive power: alchemy.
Throughout the centuries, alchemists tried in vain to transform common metals like iron and lead into precious ones like gold or platinum. Today, Paul Chirik, a professor of chemistry at Princeton, has managed a new twist on the timeworn pursuit.
Dr. Chirik, 39, has learned how to make iron function like platinum, in chemical reactions that are crucial to manufacturing scores of basic materials. While he can't, sadly, transmute a lump of iron ore into a pile of valuable jewelry, his version of alchemy is far more practical, and the implications are wide-ranging.
The process could herald a new era of flexible manufacturing technologies, while enabling companies to steer clear of scarce elements as prices rise or obtaining them becomes environmentally or geopolitically risky.
" No chemist would think lithium was in short supply,"  Dr. Chirik said, " but what happens if you put a lithium battery in every car? This is why chemistry needs to be ahead of the curve. We need to have adaptable solutions."
Despite the cost and relative scarcity of precious metals-iridium, platinum, rhodium-we rely on them to manufacture products from denim to beer, pharmaceuticals to fuel cells. The elements are used as catalysts, substances that kick off or enable chemical reactions.
Dr. Chirik's work involves dissolved catalysts, which are mixed into the end product. The molecules of the catalyst dissipate during the reaction. For instance, a solution containing platinum is used to make silicone emulsifiers, compounds that in turn feed products like makeup, cookware and glue. Tiny amounts of the expensive metal are scattered in all these things; your jeans, for instance, contain unrecoverable particles of platinum.


In some chemical reactions, iron can function like platinum.

Dr. Chirik's practical alchemy enables him transform iron ore into valuable jewelry.

Flexible manufacturing technologies can avoid the use of scarce elements as prices rise in the future.

Chemists would think lithium was sufficient.

Question: Which of the following is NOT true?


making change in advance
before curving
forward
keeping changing

Question: The phrase" be ahead of the curve"  （Line 2, Paragraph 5）most probably means  _ .


catalysts are mixed into the end product

the molecules of the catalyst decompose during the reaction

catalysts feature in wide-ranging function in chemical reactions as well as in the end products

Question: It can be inferred from the last two paragraphs that  _ .


Question: From the text we can see that the writer seems  _ .


nesting materials
four skeletons in good condition
two fragmented skeletons
a single feather

Question: According to the author, all of the following evidence relating to the first birds was found EXCEPT

The first birds appeared during late Jurassic times. These birds are known from four very good skeletons, two incomplete skeletons, and an isolated feather, all from the Solnhofen limestone of Bavaria, Germany. This fine-grained rock, which is extensively quarried for lithographic stone, was evidently deposited in a shallow coral lagoon of a tropical sea, and flying vertebrates occasionally fell into the water and were buried by the fine limy mud, to be preserved with remarkable detail. In this way, the late Jurassic bird skeletons, which have been named Archaeopteryx, were fossilized. And not only were the bones preserved in these skeletons, but also were imprints of the feathers. If the indications of feathers had not been preserved in association with Archaeopteryx, it is likely that these fossils would have been classified among the dinosaurs, for they show numerous theropod characteristics. Archaeopteryx were animals about the size of a crow, with an archeosaurian type of skull, a long neck, a compact body balanced on a pair of strong hind limbs, and a long tail. The forelimbs were enlarged and obviously functioned as wings.
Modern birds, who are the descendants of these early birds, are highly organized animals, with a constant body temperature and a very high rate of metabolism. In addition, they are remarkable for having evolved extraordinarily complex behavior patterns such as those of nesting and song, and the habit among many species of making long migrations from one continent to another and back each year.
Most birds also have very strong legs, which allow them to run or walk on the ground as well as to fly in the air. Indeed, some of the waterbirds, such as ducks and geese, have the distinction of being able to move around proficiently in the water, on land, and in the air, a range in natural locomotor ability that has never been attained by any other vertebrate.


confused with others
gradually weakened
protected from destruction
lost permanently

Question: The word "preserved" in line 8 is closest in meaning to


imprints of bones
imprints of feathers
the neck structure
skeletons

Question: It can be inferred from the passage that the Archaeopteryx were classified as birds on the basis of


indications fossils dinosaurs characteristics

Question: The word "they" in line 10 refers to


To specify the age of the Archaeopteryx fossils

To explain the evolutionary history of Archaeopteryx

To demonstrate the superiority of the theropod to Archaeopteryx

Question: Why does the author mention "a crow" in line 11?


Question: It can be inferred from the passage that theropods were


comfortable combined consistent complementary

Question: The word "constant" in line 16 is closest in meaning to


Question: The author mentions all of the following as examples of complex behavior patterns evolved by birds EXCEPT


Question: The word "attained" in line 23 is closest in meaning to


She was a distinguished graduate of Harvard School of Law.

She worked her way to success in the entertainment industry.

She used to abuse her children when she was a young mother.

She achieved her fame through persistent advocacy of fake science.

Question: What do we learn about Oprah Winfrey from the passage?

It's possible to admire Oprah Winfrey and still wish Harvard hadn't awarded her an honorary doctor of law degree and the commencement  speaker spot at yesterday's graduation. There's no question Oprah's achievements place her in the temple of American success stories. Talent, charm, and an exceptional work ethic have rarely hurled anyone as far as they have this former abused teenage mother from rural Mississippi who became one of the world's most successful entertainment icons and the first African-American female billionaire.
Honorary degrees are often conferred on non-academic leaders in the arts, business, and politics.Harvard's list in recent years has included Kofi Annan, Bill Gates, Meryl Streep, and David Souter. But Oprah's particular brand of celebrity is not a good fit for the values of a university whose motto ,Veritas, means truth. Oprah's passionate advocacy extends, unfortunately, to a hearty embrace of fake science. Most notoriously, Oprah's validation of Jenny Me Carthy's claim that vaccines cause autism  has no doubt contributed to much harm through the foolish avoidance of vaccines.
Famous people are entitled to a few failings, like the rest of us, and the choice of commencement speakers often reflects a balance of institutional priorities and aspirations. Judging from our conversations with many students, Oprah was a widely popular choice.
But this vote of confidence in Oprah sends a troubling message at precisely the time when American universities need to do more to advance the cause of reason. As former Dean of Harvard College,Harry Lewis, noted in a blog post about his objections,"It seems very odd for Harvard to honor such a high profile popularizer of the irrational.., at a time when political and religious nonsense so jeopardize the rule of reason in this allegedly enlightened democracy and around the world."
As America's oldest and most visible university, Harvard has a special opportunity to convey its respect for science not only through its research and teaching programs but also in its public affirmation of evidence-based inquiry.
Unfortunately, many American universities seem awfully busy protecting their brand name and not nearly busy enough protecting the pursuit of knowledge. A recent article in The Harvard Crimson noted the shocking growth of Harvard's public relations arm in the last five years and it questioned whether a focus on risk management and avoiding controversy was really the best outward-looking face of this great institution.
As American research universities begin to resemble profit centers and entertainment complexes, it's easy to lose sight of their primary mission., to produce and spread knowledge. This mission depends on traditions of rational discourse and vigorous defense of the scientific method. Oprah Winfrey's honorary doctorate was a step in the wrong direction.


She did not specialize in the study of law.

She was known as s supporter of fake science.

She was an icon of the entertainment industry.

She had not distinguished herself academically.

Question: Why does the author deem it inappropriate for Harvard to confer an honorary degree on Oprah Winfrey?


He thought it would help enhance Harvard's reputation.

He thought it represented the will of the Harvard community.

Question: How did Harry Lewis react to Harvard's decision in his blog post?


They show inadequate respect for evidence-based inquiry.

They fall short of expectations in teaching and research.

They attach too much importance to public relations.

They are tolerant of political and religious nonsense.

Question: What is the author's regret about many American universities?


Cultivation of student creativity.
Defense of the scientific method.
Liberation of the human mind.
Pursuit of knowledge and truth.

Question: What does the author think a prestigious university like Harvard should focus on?


A disease.
Type 2 diabetes.
Cancer.
Obesity.

Question: According to the passage, what does "a global epidemic" ( Line 3, Para. 1 ) refer to?

A study of nearly 140,000 women in the U. S. showed that regular helpings of a small portion of nuts can have a powerful protective effect against a disease that is threatening to become a global epidemic. Women who consumed a 28 gram packet of walnuts at least twice a week were 24 per cent less likely to develop type 2 diabetes than those who rarely or never ate them. Eating walnuts just two or three times a week can reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes by almost a quarter.
The latest findings, published in the Journal of Nutrition, are not the first to highlight the anti-diabetic effects of walnuts, with earlier research showing similar benefits. However, this is thought to be one of the largest studies to fmd regularly snarling on them can help prevent the condition. Although the latest research was carried out on female nurses, it's likely that the same benefits apply to men.
According to the charity Diabetes UK, at the current rate of increase, the numbers affected by type 2 diabetes in the UK will rise from around 2.5 million currently to four million by 2025 and five million by 2030. Left untreated, it can raise the risk of heart attacks, blindness and amputation. Being overweight, physically inactive and having a poor diet are major risk factors for the disease.
Scientists at the Harvard School of Public Health in Boston, U. S. , tracked 137,893 nurses aged from 35 to 77 over a ten year period to see how many developed type 2 diabetes. Their dietary habits were closely monitored, including details on how often they ate nuts, particularly walnuts. After allowing for body fat and weight, the researchers found eating walnuts one to three times a month reduced the risk by four per cent, once a week by 13 per cent and at least twice a week by 24 per cent.
In a report on the findings the researchers said: "These results suggest higher walnut consumption is associated with a significantly lower risk of type 2 diabetes in women: " Walnuts are rich in healthy fatty acids which have been shown to reduce inflammation in the body and protect against heart disease, cancer and arthritis. Last year, experts at the University of California Los Angeles also found young men in their twenties and thirties who ate walnuts every day increased their sperm count and boosted their fertility.
The research comes just after a Louisiana State University study which showed that eating nuts can reduce people's risk of obesity. The study found that those who consumed varieties such as almonds and pistachios demonstrated a lower body weight, body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference compared to non-consumers. They were also at lower risk of developing heart disease, type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome.


is considered as the largest study of walnuts' anti-diabetic effects.

emphasizes walnuts' anti-diabetic effects.

is the first study of walnuts' anti-diabetic effects.

Question: According to the passage, the research published in the Journal of Nutrition


The number of diabetes patients in the UK will double by 2025.

Type 2 diabetes is mainly triggered by childhood overweight.

Diet and exercise may reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes.

Type 2 diabetes will cause a significant increase of weight.

Question: Which of the following can be inferred from Paragraph 3?


Their eating habits were closely inspected for over ten years.

Their age is ranging from 35 to 77 years old.

They have about the same body fat and weight.

Question: Which of the following is TRUE about the 137,893 nurses tracked by scientists at the Harvard?


lower people's body weight, BMI and waist circumference

lower people's risk of heart disease, cancer and arthritis

increase young men's sperm count and boost their fertility

Question: It has been proved that eating nuts can


They have the final say in which university their children are to attend.

They know best which universities are most suitable for their children.

they have to carry out intensive surveys of colleges before children make an application.

they care more about which college their children go to than the children themselves.

Question: Why dose the author say that parengs are the true fighters in the college-admissions wars?

In the college-admissions wars, we parents are the true fights. We are pushing our kids to get good grades, take SAT preparatory courses and build resumes so they can get into the college of our first choice. I've twice been to the wars, and as I survey the battlefield, something different is happening. We see our kids' college background as e prize demonstrating how well we've raised them. But we can't acknowledge that our obsession is more about us than them. So we've contrived various justifications that turn out to be half-truths, prejudices or myths. It actually doesn't matter much whether Aaron and Nicole go to Stanford.
We have a full-blown prestige panic; we worry that there won't be enough prizes to go around. Fearful parents urge their children to apply to more schools than ever. Underlying the hysteria is the belief that scarce elite degrees must be highly valuable. Their graduates must enjoy more success because they get a better education and develop better contacts. All  that is plausible--and mostly wrong. We haven't found any convincing evidence that selectivity or prestige matters. Selective schools don't systematically employ better instructional approaches than less selective schools. On two measures--professors' feedback and the number of essay exams--selective schools do slightly worse.
By some studies, selective schools do enhance their graduates' lifetime earnings. The gain is reckoned at 2-4% for every 100-poinnt increase in a school's average SAT scores. But even this advantage is probably a statistical fluke. A well-known study examined students who got into highly selective schools and then went elsewhere. They earned just as much as graduates from higher-status schools.
Kids count more than their colleges.Getting into yale may signify intellgence,talent and
Ambition. But it's not the only indicator and,paradoxically,its significance is declining.The reason:so many similar people go elsewhere.Getting into college is not life only competiton.Old-boy networks are breaking down.princeton economist Alan Krueger studied admissions to one top Ph.D.program.High scores on the GRE helpd explain who got in;degrees of prestigious universities didn't.
So,parents,lighten up.the stakes have been vastly exaggerated.up to a point,we can rationalize our pushiness.America is a competitive society;our kids need to adjust to that.but too much pushiness can be destructive.the very ambition we impose on our children may get some into Harvard but may also set them up for disappointment.one study found that,other things being equal,graduates of highly selective schools experienced more job dissatisfaction.They may have been so conditioned to deing on top that anything less disappoints.


they want to increase their children chances of entering a prestigious college.

they hope their children can enter a university that offers attractive scholarships.

Their children eill have have a wider choice of which college to go to.

Elite universities now enroll fewer syudent than they used to.

Question: Why do parents urge their children to apply to more school than ever?


Continuing education is more important to a person success.

A person happiness should be valued more than their education.

Kids actual abilities are more importang than their college background.

What kids learn at college cannot keep up with job market requirements.

Question: What does the author mean by kids count more than their college(Line1,para.4?


GETting into Ph.d.programs may be more competitive than getting into college.

Degrees of prestigious universities do not guarantee entry to graduate programs.

Graduates from prestigious universities do not care much about their GRE scores.

Connections built in prestigious universities may be sustained long after graduation.

Question: What does Krueger study tell us?


they earb less than their peers from other institutions

they turn out to be less competitive in the job market

they experience more job dissatisfaction after graduation

they overemphasize their qualifications in job application

Question: One possible result of pushing children into elite universities is that______


know more about the students
make the lessons more exciting
raise the students' interest in art
teach the students about toy design

Question: The teacher used Tinkertoys in class in order to  _ ?

Five years ago, when I taught art at a school in Seattle, I used Tinkertoys as a test at the beginning of a term to find out something about my students. I put a small set of Tinkertoys in front of each student, and said:"Make something out of the Tinkertoys. You have 45 minutes today ― and 45minutes each day for the rest of the week."
A few students hesitated to start. They waited to see what the rest of the class would do. Several others checked the instructions and made something according to one of the model plans provided. Another group built something out of their own imaginations.
Once I had a boy who worked experimentally with Tinkertoys in his free time. His constructions filled a shelf in the art classroom and a good part of his bedroom at home. I was delighted at the presence of such a student. Here was an exceptionally creative mind at work. His presence meant that I had an unexpected teaching assistant in class whose creativity would infect other students.
Encouraging this kind of thinking has a downside. I ran the risk of losing those students who had a different style of thinking. Without fail one would declare, "But I'm just not creative."
"Do you dream at night when you're asleep?"
"Oh, sure."
"So tell me one of your most interesting dreams." The student would tell something wildly imaginative. Flying in the sky or in a time machine or growing three heads. "That's pretty creative. Who does that for you?"
"Nobody. I do it."
"Really―at night, when you're asleep?"
"Sure."
"Try doing it in the daytime, in class, okay?"


He liked to help his teacher.
He preferred to study alone.
He was active in class.
He was imaginative.

Question: What do we know about the boy mentioned in Paragraph 3?


To find out about their sleeping habits.

To find out about their ways of thinking.

Question: Why did the teacher ask the students to talk about their dreams?


posing a contrast
justifying an assumption
explaining a phenomenon
making a comparison

Question: In the opening paragraph, the author introduces his topic by  _ .

I had two routine checkups last week, and both the eye doctor and the dentist asked me to update my health history for their records. Their requests made sense. Health-care providers should know what problems their patients have had and what medications they're taking to be on the lookout for potential trouble or complications.
On each history, however, the section labeled FAMILY HEALTH HISTORY gave me pause. Few diseases are purely genetic, but plenty have genetic components. If my father suffered from elevated LDL, or bad cholesterol, my doctor should know that, because I'm probably at higher risk. If my mother had breast cancer, my sister （if I had one）would want her physician to be especially vigilant.
While I know something about the history of my parents' health-my father had prostate cancer at a relatively young age and suffered from macular degeneration and Parkinson's disease, and my mother died of lung cancer-there's plenty I don't know. What were my parents' cholesterol numbers and blood pressures? I assume I would have known if either suffered from diabetes, but I can't swear to that. And when it comes to my grandparents, whose genes I also have, I'm even more in the dark.
That makes me fairly typical. According to Dr. Richard Carmona, the U. S. Surgeon General, only about a third of Americans have even tried to put together a family-health history. That's why he has launched the Family History Initiative and declared Thanksgiving National Family History Day. Sitting around the turkey talking about cancer and heart disease may seem like a grim thing to do when you're supposed to be giving thanks for everything that's going right. But since many families will be gathering for the holiday anyway, it's a perfect time to create a medical family tree.
And the Surgeon General is making it easy: if you go to hhs.gov/familyhistory, you can use the Frequently Asked Questions link to find out which diseases tend to run in families, which ones you should be most and least worried about, and what to do if, like me, your parents and grandparents have passed away. You can also download a free piece of software called My Family Health Portrait, which helps you organize the information. The program prints that out in an easy-to-read form you can give to your doctors.
The website insists the software is" fun,"  but that may be going a bit far. In any case, it's available only for Windows machines, so Mac users and people without computers have to use a printed version of the tree. It's worth it, though, since it could help save your life or the life of your children someday.


it's uncertain whether they suffered from diabetes or not

Question: The statement" I assume I would have known if either suffered from diabetes" （Line 4, Paragraph 3）implies that  _ .


you can be careful about some diseases and keep fit

you are connected with your parents and your grandparents

many diseases are genetic and should be noticed

you should be considerate and care about your parents

Question: Family health report is very important because  _ .


you should present your doctor with a medical history

you should print out your family's medical history

you should gather your family's medical history

you should give thanks for everything that is going right

Question: Dr. Richard Carmona suggests that  _ .


Family medical tree shouldn't be neglected.

Question: What can we infer from the last paragraph?


to explain why some people live the poverty line

to find solutions to the problem of poverty

Question: The author's main purpose to write this article is.

The poverty line is the minimum income that people need for an acceptable standard of living. People with incomes below the poverty line are considered poor. Economists study the causes of poverty in order to find solutions to the problem.
As the general standard of living in the country rises, the poverty line does, too. Therefore, even with today's relatively high standard of living, about 10 percent of the people in the United States are below the poverty line. However, if these people had stable jobs, they could have an acceptable standard of living. Economists suggest several reasons why poor people do not have jobs.
For one thing, more than half of the poor people in the United States are not qualified to work. Over 40 percent of the poor people are children. By law, children less than 16 years old cannot work in many industries. A large number of poor people are old. Many companies do not hire people over 65 years old, the normal retirement age.
Some poor adults do not look for jobs for a variety of personal reasons: they are sick, they do not have any motivation. they have family problems, or they do notbelieve that they can find a job.
Other poor people look for a job but cannot find one. Many poor adults never went to high school. Therefore, when they look for jobs, they have few skills that they can offer.
At the present time, the government thinks it can reduce poverty in the country in the following ways.
First, if the national economy grows, businesses and industries hire more workers. Some of the poor who are qualified to look for jobs may find employment. Then they will no longer be below the poverty line.
Second, if society invests in the poor, the poor will become more productive. If the government spends money on social programs, education, and training for poor people, the poor will have the skills to offer. Then it is more likely that they can find jobs.
Finally, if the government distributes society's income differently, it raises some poor people above the poverty line. The government collects taxes from the non-poor and gives money to the poor. These payments to the poor are called welfare. In 1975 over 18 million people in the United States received welfare.
Some economists are looking for better solutions to the poverty problem. However, at the present time, many people depend on welfare for a minimally acceptable standard of living.


Ten percent of the Americans live a poor life.

Poor people are those who love below the poverty line.

The poverty line rises as the general standard of living rises.

The poverty line tends to be at the same level.

Question: Which of the following is NOT true?


they are so young that they are deprived of chances to work

Question: More than 40 percent of the poor people are children. This is mainly because.


they to not have any motivation to work
they are not very self-confident
they are too young or too old to work
they have physical and family problems

Question: Most of the American poor people are not qualified for employment because.


better solutions to the poverty problem are not yet found

poor people are bound to go out of the poverty line if they have chances to do business

employment is the best solution to the poverty problem

Question: We may conclude from the passage that.


students in single-sex schools will certainly become homosexual

students in co-educational schools cannot have extreme opinions

students in co-educational schools are likely to be homosexual

single-sex school conditions may or may not have effects on the students.

Question: In the third paragraph ,by saying "though there is no proof that this is the case" ,the writer means that.

Do you have any strong opinion on co-educational or single-sex schools?
A supporter of co-educational schools would probably say that schools should be like the societies they belong to.In Hong Kong , men and women mix socially on a day-to-day basis.In many fields men are even likely to have female bosses.It is ,therefore, desirable that boys and girls grow up together ,go to school together ,and prepare themselves for a society that does not value sexual separation.
Some would go on to argue further that growing up with members of the opposite sex is important for personal development.Regular contact can remove the strange ideas about the opposite-sex and lead to more natural relationships.Single-sex conditions are seen as leading to more extreme opinions, and possibly even as encouraging homosexuality,though there is no proof that this is the case.
Those who are against coeducation often also fix their attention on the sexual side.Some parents fear that close contact with members of the opposite sex is dangerous for teenagers.They want their children to be attentive to their studies.Such parents feel uncomfortable with modern ways and the free mixing of the sexes.
A stronger argument comes from research into school results.Girls grow up earlier than boys ,tend to be more orderly and are likely to be better at languages.In a mixed class ,boys who might do well in a single-sex class become discouraged and take on the rule of troublemaker.Certainly in the UK this situation has greatly alarmed the government for it to be encouraging co-educational schools to have some single-sex classes.In the UK the best schools are all single-sex ,strongly suggesting that co-education is not the best answer.This may ,however ,not be as simple as it looks.It may simply be that the famous old schools that attract the best students happen to be single-sex ,rather than that being single-sex makes them better schools.


co-education can produce a society-like situation

co-educational schools may lead to love affairs between boys and girls

co-education will help develop a better understanding about the opposite sex

co-education can make boys perform well in mixed classes

Question: All the following arguments can be found in the passage EXCEPT that.


single-sex classes in co-educational schools

co-educational classes in single-sex schools

Question: Alarmed by the situation ,the UK government encourages.


single-sex schools are the best schools in the UK

being single-sex does not necessarily make a school better

co-educational schools are better for both sexes in personal development

because boys cannot compete with girls in study ,they go to single-sex schools

Question: At the end of the passage the writer suggests that.


clothesline drying is not allowed in most U.S. states

Question: One of the reasons why supporters of clothes dryers are trying to ban clothesline drying is that _ .

A simple piece of clothesline hangs between some environmentally friendly Americans and their neighbors.
On one side stand those who see clothes dryers as a waste of energy and a major polluter of the environment. As a result, they are turning to clotheslines as part of the "what-I-can-do environmentalism."
On the other side are people who are against drying clothes outside, arguing that clotheslines are unpleasant to look at. They have persuaded Homeowners Associations (HOAs) across the U.S. to ban outdoor clotheslines, because clothesline drying also tends to lower home value in the neighborhood. This has led to a Right-to-Dry Movement that is calling for laws to be passed to protect people's right to use clotheslines.
So far, only three states have laws to protect clotheslines. Right-to-Dry supporters argue that there should be more.
Matt Reck, 37, is the kind of eco-conscious person who feeds his trees with bathwater and reuses water drops from his air conditioners to water plants. His family also uses a clothesline. But on July 9, 2007, the HOA in Wake Forest, North Carolina, told him that a dissatisfied neighbor had telephoned them about his clothesline. The Recks paid no attention to the warning and still dried their clothes on a line in the yard. "Many people say they are environmentally friendly but they don't take matters in their own hands," says Reck. The local HOA has decided not to take any action, unless more neighbors come to them.
North Carolina lawmakers are saying that banning clotheslines is not the right thing to do. But HOAs and housing businesses believe that clothesline drying reminds people of poor neighborhoods. They worry that if buyers think their future neighbors can't even afford dryers, housing prices will fall.
Environmentalists say such worries are not necessary, and in view of global warming, that idea needs to change. As they say, "The clothesline is beautiful. Hanging clothes outside should be encouraged. We all have to do at least something to slow down the process of global warming."


He is a kind-hearted man.
He is an impolite man.
He is an experienced gardener.
He is a man of social responsibility.

Question: Which of the following best describes Matt Reck?


Housing businesses.
Environmentalists.
Homeowners Associations.
Reck's dissatisfied neighbors.

Question: Who are in favor of clothesline drying?


Clothesline drying: a way to save energy and money.

Clothesline drying: a lost art rediscovered.

Opposite opinions on clothesline drying.

Question: What is mainly discussed in the text?


Its benefits outweigh the hazards involved.

It is polluting millions of acres of cropland.

Question: What does the author say about the use of raw sewage for farming?

Facing water shortages and escalating fertilizer costs, fanners in developing countries are using raw sewage (）to irrigate and fertilize nearly 49 million acres of cropland, according to a new report-and it may not be a bad thing.
While the practice carries serious health risks for many, those dangers are outweighed by the social and economic gains for poor urban farmers and consumers who need affordable food.
"There is a large potential for wastewater agriculture to both help and hurt great numbers of urban consumers," said Liqa Raschid-Sally, who led the study.
The report focused on poor urban areas, where farms in or near cities supply relatively inexpensive food. Most of these operations draw irrigation water from local rivers or lakes. Unlike developed cities, however, these areas lack advanced water-treatment facilities, and rivers effectively become sewers .
When this water is used for agricultural irrigation, farmers risk absorbing disease-causing bacteria, as do consumers who eat the produce raw and unwashed. Nearly 2.2 million people die each year because of diarrhea-related  diseases, according to WHO statistics. More than 80% of those cases can be attributed to contact with contaminated water and a lack of proper sanitation. But Pay Drechsel, an environmental scientist, argues that the social and economic benefits of using untreated human waste to grow food outweigh the health risks.
Those dangers can be addressed with farmer and consumer education, he said, while the free water and nutrients from human waste can help urban farmers in developing countries to escape poverty.
Agriculture is a water-intensive business, accounting for nearly 70% of global fresh water consumption.
In poor, dry regions, untreated wastewater is the only viable irrigation source to keep fanners in business. In some cases, water is so scarce that farmers break open sewage pipes transporting waste to local rivers.
Irrigation is the primary agricultural use of human waste in the developing world. But frequently untreated human waste harvested from lavatories is delivered to farms and spread as fertilizer.
In most cases, the human waste is used on grain crops, which are eventually cooked, minimizing the risk of transmitting water-borne diseases. With fertilizer prices jumping nearly 50% per metric ton over the last year in some places, human waste is an attractive, and often necessary, alternative.
In cases where sewage mud is used, expensive chemical fertilizer use can be avoided. The mud contains the same critical nutrients.
"Overly strict standards often fail," James Bartram, a WHO water-health expert, said. "We need to accept that fact across much of the planet, so waste with little or no treatment will be used in agriculture for good reason."


Rivers and lakes nearby will gradually become contaminated.

It will drive producers of chemical fertilizers out of business.

Farmers and consumers may be affected by harmful bacteria.

It will make the farm produce less competitive on the market.

Question: What is the main problem caused by the use of wastewater for irrigation?


Favorable. Skeptical. Indifferent. Responsible.

Question: What is environmental scientist Pay Drechsel's attitude towards the use of untreated human waste in agriculture?


They can be dealt with through education.

They will be minimized with new technology.

They can be addressed by improved sanitation.

Question: What does Pay Drechsel think of the risks involved in using untreated human waste for farming?


He echoes Pay Drechsel's opinion on the issue.

He challenges Liqa Raschid-Sally's conclusion.

He thinks it the only way out of the current food crisis.

He deems it indispensable for combating global poverty.

Question: What do we learn about James Bartram's position on the use of human waste for farming?


To some extent, intelligence is given at birth.

Intelligence is developed by the environment.

Some people are born clever and others born stupid.

Intelligence is fixed at birth, but is developed by the environment.

Question: Which of these sentences best describes the writer's point in Paragraph 1?

Are some people born clever, and others born stupid? Or is intelligence developed by our environment and our experiences? Strangely enough, the answer to both these questions is yes. To some extent our intelligence is given us at birth, and no amount of special education can make a genius out of a child born with low intelligence. On the other hand, a child who lives in a boring environment will develop his intelligence less than one who lives in rich and varied surroundings. Thus the limits of a person's intelligence are fixed at birth, but whether or not he reaches those limits will depend on his environment. This view, now held by most experts, can be supported in a number of ways.
It is easy to show that intelligence is to some extent something we are born with. The closer the blood relationship between two people, the closer they are likely to be in intelligence. Thus if we take two unrelated people at random from the population,
it is likely that their degrees of intelligence will be completely different. If on the other hand we take two identical  twins they will very likely be as intelligent as each other. Relations like brothers and sisters, parents and children, usually have similar intelligence, and this clearly suggests that intelligence depends on birth.
Imagine now that we take two identical twins and put them in different environments. We might send one, for example, to a university and the other to a factory where the work is boring. We would soon find differences in intelligence developing, and this indicates that environment as well as birth plays
a part. This conclusion is also suggested by the fact that people who live in close contact with each other, but who are not related at all, are likely to have similar degrees of intelligence.


unrelated people are not likely to have different intelligence

close relations usually have similar intelligence

the closer the blood relationship between people, the more different they are likely to be in intelligence

people who live in close contact with each other are not likely to have similar degrees of intelligence

Question: It is suggested in this passage that_ .


have similar intelligence
have different intelligence
go to the same university
go to the same factory

Question: Brothers and sisters are likely to_ .


Question: In Paragraph 1, the word "surroundings" means_ .


What Intelligence Means http://www.hxen.com

Environment Plays a Part in Developing Intelligence

Question: The best title for this article would be_ .


a position on the foundations of human behavior and on what those foundations imply

a theory outlining the parallel development of human morphology and of human behavior

a diagnostic test for separating biologically determined behavior patterns from culture-specific detail

a practical method for resisting the pressures of biologically determined drives

Question: The primary purpose of the passage is to present

Some modern anthropologists hold that biological evolution has shaped not only human morphology but also human behavior. The role those anthropologists ascribe to evolution is not of dictating the details of human behavior but one of imposing constraints-ways of feeling, thinking, and acting that "come naturally" in archetypal situations in any culture. Our "frailties" -emotions and motives such as rage, fear, greed,gluttony, joy, lust, love-may be a very mixed assortment, but they share at least one immediate quality: we are, as we say, "in the grip" of them. And thus they give us our sense of constraints. Unhappily, some of those frailties-our need for ever-increasing security among them-are presently maladaptive. Yet beneath the overlay of cultural detail, they, too, are said to be biological in direction, and therefore as natural to us as are our appendixes. We would need to comprehend thoroughly their adaptive origins in order to understand how badly they guide us now. And we might then begin to resist their pressure.


that those frailties are recognized as currently beneficial and adaptive

that there is little or no overlay of cultural detail that masks their true nature

that there are cultures in which those frailties do not "come naturally" and from which such control can be learned

a full understanding of why those frailties evolved and of how they function now

Question: The author implies that control to any extent over the "frailties" that constrain our behavior is thought to presuppose


The ability of most people to see all the colors of the visible spectrum as against most people's inability to name any but the primary colors

The ability of even the least fortunate people to show compassion as against people's inability to mask their feelings completely

The ability of some people to dive to great depths as against most people's inability to swim long distances

The greater lung capacity of mountain peoples that helps them live in oxygen-poor air as against people's inability to fly without special apparatus

Question: Which of the following most probably provides an appropriate analogy from human morphology for the "details" versus "constraints" distinction made in the passage in relation to human behavior?


changes in the total human environment can outpace evolutionary change

any structure or behavior not positively adaptive is regarded as transitory in evolutionary theory

maladaptive characteristics, once fixed, make the emergence of other maladaptive characteristics more likely

the designation of a characteristic as being maladaptive must always remain highly tentative

Question: It can be inferred that in his discussion of maladaptive frailties the author assumes that


bullying is rare
victims suffered a lot
schools are to blame
personalities are related

Question: From the case of Tina, we can know that _ .

An old problem is getting new attention in the United States-bullying. Recent cases included the tragic case of a 15??year??old girl whose family moved from Ireland. She hanged herself in Massachusetts following months of bullying. Her parents criticized her school for failing to protect her. Officials have brought criminal charges against several teenagers.
Judy Kuczynski is president of an anti??bullying group called Bully Police USA. Her daughter Tina was also the victim of severe bullying starting in middle school in the state of Minnesota. She said，"Our daughter was a very outgoing child. She was involved in all kinds of things and had lots of friends. And over a period of time her grades fell completely. She started having health issues. She couldn't sleep. She wasn't eating. She had terrible stomach pains. Didn't want to go to school."
Bullying is defined as negative behavior repeated over time against the same person. It can involve physical violence, or it can be verbal-for example, insults or threats. Spreading lies about someone or excluding a person from a group is known as social or relational bullying.
And now there is cyberbullying, which uses the Internet, e??mail or text messages. It has easy appeal for the bully because it does not involve face??to??face contact and it can be done at any time.
The first serious research studies into bullying were done in Norway in the late 1970s. The latest government study in the United States was released last year. It found that about one??third of students age twelve to eighteen were bullied at school.
Susan Swearer is a psychologist at the University of Nebraska??Lincoln and co??director of the Bullying Research Network. She says schools should treat bullying as a mental health problem to get bullies and victims the help they need. She says bullying is connected to depression, anxiety and anti??social behavior and bullies are often victims themselves.


To beat someone repeatedly.
To call someone names.
To isolate someone from friends.
To refuse to help someone in need.

Question: Which of the following is NOT bullying?


Because it can involve more people.
Because it can create worse effects.
Because it is more convenient.
Because it can avoid cheating.

Question: Why is cyberbullying appealing to the bully?


bullies are antisocial
bullies should give victims help
students are not equally treated
bullies themselves also need help

Question: According to Susan Swearer, _ .


The president of the first-class university was really very important.

University presidents gave them some good advice.

The presidents of universities could easily go to the white house.

University presidents had more power and authority than Avon ladies.

Question: What does the author intend to illustrate with the example of Woodrow Wilson and Dwight Eisenhower?

There was a time when big-league university presidents really mattered. The New York Times covered their every move. Presidents, the real ones, sought their counsel. For Woodrow Wilson and Dwight Eisenhower, being head of Princeton and Columbia, respectively, was a stepping-stone to the White House. Today, though, the job of college president is less and less removed from that of the Avon lady（except the house calls are made to the doorsteps of wealthy alumni）.
Ruth Simmons, the newly installed president of Brown University and the first African American to lead an Ivy League school, is a throwback to the crusading campus leaders of old. She doesn't merely marshal funds; she invests them in the great educational causes of our day. With the more than $300 million she raised as president of Smith College from 1995 to 2001, Simmons established an engineering program （the first at any women's school）and added seminars focused on public speaking to purge the ubiquitous" likes"  and" ums"  from the campus idiom. At a meeting to discuss the future of Smith's math department, one professor timidly requested two more discussion sections for his course. Her response:" Dream bigger."
Her own dream was born in a sharecropper's shack in East Texas where there was no money for books or toys-she and her 11 siblings each got an apple, an orange and 10 nuts for Christmas. Though she was called nigger on her walk to school, entering the classroom, she says, " was like waking up."  When Simmons won a scholarship to Dillard University, her high school teachers took up a collection so she'd have a coat. She went on to Harvard to earn a Ph. D. in Romance languages.
Simmons has made diversity her No. 1 campus crusade. She nearly doubled the enrollment of black freshmen at Smith, largely by traveling to high schools in the nation's poorest ZIP codes to recruit. Concerned with the lives of minority students once they arrive at school, she has fought to ease the racial standoffs that plague so many campuses. At Smith she turned down a request by students to have race-specific dorms. In 1993, while vice provost at Princeton, she wrote a now famous report recommending that the university establish an office of conflict resolution to defuse racial misunderstandings before they boiled over.
Her first task at Brown will be to heal one such rupture last spring after the student paper published an incendiary ad by conservative polemicist David Horowitz arguing that blacks economically benefited from slavery." There's no safe ground for anybody in race relations, but campuses, unlike any other institution in our society, provide the opportunity to cross racial lines,"  says Simmons. " And even if you're hurt, you can't walk away. You have to walk over that line."


Simmons was an old crusading campus leader.

Simmons wanted to expand her university.

Simmons knew well about how to invest money.

Simmons was a competent and ambitious president.

Question: What can we infer from the second paragraph?


Simmons greatly sympathized the black people

Simmons wanted to diversify her university

Simmons made a great effort to solve the racial problems

Simmons never neglected the racial problems

Question: We can learn from the fourth paragraph that  _ .


College presidents can get their position with the help of Avon ladies.

The job of college president and that of the Avon lady are quite similar.

College presidents got inspiration from the job of the Avon lady.

The jobs of college presidents and the Avon lady should be separated.

Question: What does the author mean by saying" the job of college president is less and less removed from that of the Avon lady" （Lines 4～5, Paragraph 1）?


Simmons had successfully solved the racial problems.

Simmons owed her success to her high school teachers.

Simmons didn't like" likes"  and" ums"  in campus idioms.

Simmons asked her professor to be more ambitious and aggressive.

Question: Which of the following is TRUE according to the text?


Because he didn't want to draw others' attention to him.

Question: Why did Richard wear a business suit?

Richard Williams works hard. He's clever, careful, and fast.His work is dangerous. Richard thinks of himself as a professional-a professional thief.
Yesterday was a typical day. Richard dressed in a business suit, took his briefcase , and drove to a town about ten miles from his home. He parked his car in a busy area, then began to walk along the street. No one looked at him. He was another businessman walking to work.
At 8：05, Richard saw what he wanted. A man was leaving his house. Richard walked around the block again. At 8：10 , he watched a woman leave the same house. After she left, Richard worked quickly. He walked to the side of the house and stood behind a tree. He took a screwdriver  out of his briefcase and quickly opened the window and climbed in. First, he looked through the desk in the living room. He found $200 in cash . In the dining room, he put the silverware  into his briefcase. The next stop was the bedroom. Richard stole a diamond ring and an emerald  necklace. Richard passed a color TV, a stereo , and a camera, but he didn't touch them. Everything had to fit into his briefcase. In less than five minutes, Richand climbed back out the window. He looked around carefully, then began his walk down the street again. No one looked at him. He was just another businessman, walking to work.


stood behind a tree
entered the house
walked around the block again
opened the window with a screwdriver

Question: Richard _ , after the man left his house.


it was night time
he ran very fast
he stood behind a tree
he was very clever

Question: No one saw Richard get into the house because _ .


Five minutes.
One hour.
Nearly five minutes.
Fifteen minutes.

Question: How long did Richard stay in the house?


it is difficult for him to carry such a thing without being noticed

Question: The reason why Richard didn't take the TV set is that _ .


Question: Tarawa belongs to _ .

Tarawa is one of the two largest of the Gilbert Islands in the western Pacific Ocean, but it is a very tiny island, with an area of about eight square miles, and a population of about 17,000. Small as it is, three nations fought to control and use it as an air base during World War II. The Japanese took it from the British in 1941, only to lose it to the Americans tow years later after one of the bloodiest  battles of the war. Today, the Gilbert Islands having become part of the Kiribati Pepublic, Tarawa is now its capital and major seaport .


Japan than to the U.S.
the U.S. than to Japan.
Britain than to the U.S.
Britain than to Japan.

Question: Tarawa lies nearer to _ .


Question: Tarawa was important during World War II because of its _ .


had been ruled by three nations one after another.

has been fought over in a tough battle by three nations.

has been divided and ruled by three different nations.

has always stayed out of the way of wars and battles.

Question: In recent history, Tarawa _ .


studied the federal money spent on low-income students

aimed at promoting the establishment of more public schools

showed that about half the schools would receive less money

was conducted by the Department of Education's Title I program

Question: As it is indicated in the passage, the new analysis _ .

A new analysis of federal money that public schools receive for low-income students shows that a record number of the nation's school districts will receive less in the coming academic year than they did for the one just ended.
For the 2005-2006 school year, spending under the Department of Education's Title I program, which helps low-achieving children in high-poverty areas, is increasing by 3.2 percent, to $12.6 billion. But because of population shifts, growing numbers of poor children, newer census data and complex formulas that determine how the money is divided, more than two-thirds of the districts, or 8,843, will not receive as much financing as before.
The analysis, based on data from the department, was made by the Center on Education Policy, a group advocating for public schools. A similar study by the group last year showed that 55 percent of the schools would receive less money than they did in the previous year.
"It's an alarming number," said Tom Fagan, a former department official who conducted the analysis. "It's clear that the amount of overall increase is not keeping pace with the number of poor kids."
Susan Aspey, a department spokeswoman, defended the spending levels for Title I，saying, "President Bush and Congress have invested record amounts of funding to help the nation's neediest students."
But Mr. Fagan said the increasing number of districts that are losing money is making it harder for the schools to meet the goals of the federal No Child Left Behind Act, the Bush administration's signature education program, which measures progress through annual tests in math, reading and science. That is giving critics of the program more grounds to accuse the administration of not sufficiently financing the program while demanding greater results.
Title I provides the largest component of financing for No Child Left Behind.
"The federal government is concentrating more money in fewer districts," said John F. Jennings, the president and chief executive of the Center on Education Policy. "It means there is lots of anger and lots of tension. They're asking us to do more and more with less and less."


People often move from one place to another.

There are more children from poor families.

The way of distributing money has changed.

Spending under the Title I program decreased.

Question: Which of the following factors does NOT lead to the result that more than two-thirds of the districts will get more poorly financed?


criticism consent Indifference expectation

Question: Susan Aspey looks at the funding by the government with _ .


the government has done its best to finance the poor children

the goals of No Child Left Behind Act are difficult to realize

the way of measuring progress by annual tests should be changed

the Bush government shouldn't have approved the Title I program

Question: According to Tom Fagan, _ .


more public schools will have to be closed

it will arouse more people's dissatisfaction

No Child Left Behind Act will be realized sooner

Question: When the government concentrates more money in fewer districts, _ .


his mother did not thinks it a great university

his parents needed him to help support the family

his parents did not have enough money for him

Question: The author was not allowed to go to Cornell University mainly because _ .

In early autumn I applied for applied for admission to college. I wanted to go nowhere but to Cornell University,but my mother fought strongly againsnst it. When she saw me studying a photograph of my father on the sports ground of Cornell,she tore it up.
"You can't say it's not a great university,just because Papa went there."
"That's not it at all.And it is a top university."She was still holding the pieces in her hand. "But we can't afford to send you to college."
"I wouldn't dream of asking you for money.Do you want me to get a job to help suppont you and Papa?Things aren't that bad,are they?"
"No,"she said. "I don't expect you to help support us."
Father borrowed money form his rich cousins to start a small jewellery shop,His chief customers were his old college friends.To get new customers,my mother had to help.She picked up a long-forgotten membership in the local league of women,so that she cound get to know more people. Whether those people would turn into customers was another question. I knew that my Parents had to wait for quite a long time before their small investment  could show returns.What's more ,they had not wanted enough to be roch and successful ;otherwise they cound not possibly have managed their lives so badly.
I was torn between the desave to help them and change,their lives,and the determinstion not to repeat their mistakes.I had a strong belief in my power to go what I wanted.After months of hard study I won a full college scholarship.My father could hardly contain his pride in me,and my mother eventually gave in before my success.


a local league
his university
his relatives
his college friends

Question: The father srarted his small shop with the money from.


To help with her husband's business
To raise money for her son
To meet her long-forgotten friends
To better manage her life

Question: Why did the mother renew her membership in the league?


To get a well-paid job for himself
To improve relations with his mother
To go to his dream university
To carry on with his father's business

Question: According to the text,what was the author determined to do in that autumn?


Question: The preliminary decisions are made by _

European Union environmental officials have determined that two kinds of genetically modified corn could harm butterflies, affect food chains and disturb life in rivers and streams, and they have proposed a ban on the sale of the seeds, which are made by DuPont Pioneer, Dow Agrosciences and Syngenta. The preliminary decisions are circulating within the European Commission, which has the final say. Some officials there are skeptical of a ban that would upset the powerful biotechnology industry and could exacerbate tensions with important trading partners like the United States. The seeds are not available on the European market for cultivation.
In the decisions, the environment commissioner, Stavros Dimas, contends that the genetically modified corn, or maize could affect certain butterfly species, specifically the monarch, and other beneficial insects. For instance, research this year indicates that larvae of the monarch butterfly exposed to the genetically modified corn "behave differently than other larvae." In the decision concerning the corn seeds produced by Dow and Pioneer, Mr. Dimas calls "potential damage on the environment irreversible." In the decision on Syngenta's corn, he says that "the level of risk generated by the cultivation of this product for the environment is unacceptable."
A decision by the European Union to bar cultivation of the genetically modified crops would be the first of its kind in the trade bloc, and would intensify the continuing battle over genetically modified corn. Banning the applications for corn crops also would mark a bold new step for European environmental authorities, who are already aggressively pursuing regulations on emissions from cars and aircraft, setting it at odds with the United States and angering industries.
"These products have been grown in the U.S. and other countries for years," said Stephen Norton, a spokesman for the United States trade representative. "We are not aware of any other case when a product has been rejected after having been reviewed and determined safe" by European food safety authorities, he said.
Barbara Helfferich, a spokeswoman for Mr. Dimas, declined to comment on the specifics of the procedure because commissioners had not yet made a final decision. But she said that the European Union was within its rights to make decisions based on the "precautionary principle" even when scientists had found no definitive evidence proving products can cause harm. She said that the decisions by Mr. Dimas could go before the commission within a few weeks, but she said that no date had been set. In the decisions, Mr. Dimas cited recent research showing that consumption of genetically modified "corn byproducts reduced growth and increased mortality of nontarget stream insects" and that these insects "are important prey for aquatic and riparian predators" and that this could have "unexpected ecosystem-scale consequences."
Although still preliminary, his decisions could drastically tilt the policy against future approvals of genetically modified crops, said Nathalie Moll, a spokeswoman for Europabio, an industry group with 80 members including Syngenta, Pioneer and Dow. Europabio says that the crops grown using the genetically modified corn are already imported into several European countries, including France and Germany, where they are used to feed animals like cows and chickens.
Rob Gianfranceschi, spokesman at the United States mission to the European Union in Brussels, said it was too early to comment on a decision that had not yet been formalized. But he made clear that the United States remained frustrated with European policies on genetically modified crops.


skeptical. controversial. contradictory. divergent.

Question: To the decisions, the European Commission officials' attitudes are  _


The decisions aims to put a ban the sale of the seeds of genetically modified corn due to political and biological concerns.

The decisions are warmly embraced by all EU members but bitterly rejected by their trade partners.

The decisions could probably be made even if no definitive evidence proving the products harmful is found.

there is high possibility that the decisions would be approved by the European Commission.

Question: About the decisions, which one of the following statements is TRUE?


dispel some officials' doubt on his decisions.

enhance the strength of his decision-making.

demonstrate the latest achievement of his decision.

assure that they can be presented before the commission with solid evidence.

Question: Mr. Dimas cited many researches on the genetically modified corn in his decision in order to _


Question: The word "tilt" (Line 1, Paragraph 6) most probably means _


Whether local bike businesses will oppose it.

How the safety of bike riders can be ensured.

Question: What is the author's chief concern about the increasing use of Citi Bikes in New York?

New Yorkers are gradually getting used to more pedaling passengers on those blazing blue Citi Bikes. But what about local bike shops? Is Citi Bike rolling up riders at their expense? At Gotham Bikes in Tribeca, manager W. Ben said the shop has seen an increase in its overall sales due to the bike-share program. "It's getting more people on the road," he said. James Ryan, an employee at Danny's Cycles in Gramercy said Citi Bike is a good option for people to ease into biking in a city famed for its traffic jams and aggressive drivers. "They can try out a bike without committing to buying one," he said.
Rentals are not a big part of the business at either Gotham Bikes or Danny's Cycles. But for Frank's Bike Shop, a small business on Grand St., the bike-share program has been bad news. Owner Frank Arroyo said his rental business has decreased by 90% since Citi Bike was rolled out last month. Arroyo's main rental customers are European tourists, who have since been drawn away by Citi Bikes.
However, Ben said the bike-share is good for bike sales at his shop. "People have used the bike-share and realized how great it is to bike in the city, then decide that they want something nicer for themselves," he noted.
Christian Farrell of Waterfront Bicycle Shop, on West St. just north of Christopher St., said initially he was concerned about bike-share, though, he admitted, "I was happy to see people on bikes."
Farrell's early concerns were echoed by Andrew Crooks, owner of NYC Velo, at 64 Second Ave. "It seemed like a great idea, but one that would be difficult to implement," Crooks said of Citi Bike. He said he worried about inexperienced riders' lack of awareness of biking rules and strong negative reaction from non- cyclists. However, he said, it's still too early to tell if his business has been impacted.
While it's possible bike-share will cause a drop in business, Crooks allowed that the idea is a positive step forward for New York City.


It found its bike sales unaffected.
It shifted its business to rentals.
It saw its bike sales on the rise.
It rented more bikes to tourists.

Question: What happened to Gotham Bikes as a result of the bike-share program?


It cannot meet the demand of the bike-share program.

Its customers have been drawn away by Citi Bikes.

Its bike prices have to be lowered again and again.

It has to compete with the city's bike rental shops.

Question: Why is the bike-share program bad news for Frank's Bike Shop?


Inexperienced riders might break biking rules.

Conflicts might arise among bike rental shops.

Traffic conditions might worsen in the downtown area.

There are not enough lanes to accommodate the bikes.

Question: Why did Andrew Crooks think that the bike-share program would be difficult to execute?


Wait and see.
Negative.
Indifferent.
Approving.

Question: What is the general attitude of the local bike shops towards Citi Bike?


Whether carbon dioxide v/as present in their original atmospheres

How thin their original atmospheres were

What their present-day atmospheres mainly consist of

How long ago they first developed an atmosphere

Question: According to paragraph 1, in what major respect are Venus and Earth different from each other?

Earth has abundant water in its oceans but very little carbon dioxide in its relatively thin atmosphere. By contrast, Venus is very dry and its thick atmosphere is mostly carbon dioxide. The original atmospheres of both Venus and Earth were derived at least in part from gases spewed forth, or outgassed, by volcanoes. The gases that emanate from present-day volcanoes on Earth, such as Mount Saint Helens, are predominantly water vapor, carbon dioxide, and sulfur dioxide. These gases should therefore have been important parts of the original atmospheres of both Venus and Earth. Much of the water on both planets is also thought to have come from impacts from comets, icy bodies formed in the outer solar system.
In fact, water probably once dominated the Venusian atmosphere. Venus and Earth are similar in size and mass, so Venusian volcanoes may well have outgassed as much water vapor as on Earth, and both planets would have had about the same number of comets strike their surfaces. Studies of how stars evolve suggest that the early Sun was only about 70 percent as luminous as it is now, so the temperature in Venus' early atmosphere must have been quite a bit lower. Thus water vapor would have been able to liquefy and form oceans on Venus. But if water vapor and carbon dioxide were once so common in the atmospheres of both Earth and Venus, what became of Earth's carbon dioxide? And what happened to the water on Venus?
The answer to the first question is that carbon dioxide is still found in abundance on Earth, but now, instead of being in the form of atmospheric carbon dioxide, it is either dissolved in the oceans or chemically bound into carbonate rocks, such as the limestone and marble that formed in the oceans. If Earth became as hot as Venus, much of its carbon dioxide would be boiled out of the oceans and baked out of the crust. Our planet would soon develop a thick, oppressive carbon dioxide atmosphere much like that of Venus.
To answer the question about Venus' lack of water, we must return to the early history of the planet. Just as on present-day Earth, the oceans of Venus limited the amount of atmospheric carbon dioxide by dissolving it in the oceans and binding it up in carbonate rocks. But being closer to the Sun than Earth is, enough of the liquid water on Venus would have vaporized to create a thick cover of water vapor clouds. Since water vapor is a greenhouse gas, this humid atmosphere-perhaps denser than Earth's present-day atmosphere, but far less dense than the atmosphere that envelops Venus today-would have efficiently trapped heat from the Sun. At first, this would have had little effect on the oceans of Venus. Although the temperature would have climbed above 100° C, the boiling point of water at sea level on Earth, the added atmospheric pressure from water vapor would have kept the water in Venus' oceans in the liquid state.
This hot and humid state of affairs may have persisted for several hundred million years. But as the Sun's energy output slowly increased over time, the temperature at the surface would eventually have risen above 374°C. Above this temperature, no matter what the atmospheric pressure, Venus' oceans would have begun to evaporate, and the added water vapor in the atmosphere would have increased the greenhouse effect. This would have made the temperature even higher and caused the oceans to evaporate faster, producing more water vapor. That, in turn, would have further intensified the greenhouse effect and made the temperature climb higher still.
Once Venus' oceans disappeared, so did the mechanism for removing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. With no oceans to dissolve it, outgassed carbon dioxide began to accumulate in the atmosphere, intensifying the greenhouse effect even more. Temperatures eventually became high enough to "bake out" any carbon dioxide that was trapped in carbonate rocks. This liberated carbon dioxide formed the thick atmosphere of present-day Venus. Over time, the rising temperatures would have leveled off, solar ultraviolet radiation having broken down atmospheric water vapor molecules into hydrogen and oxygen. With all the water vapor gone, the greenhouse effect would no longer have accelerated.


To provide an example of an important difference between present-day Venus and present-day Earth

To help explain why Earth's atmosphere still contains traces of sulfur dioxide but Venus' does not

To indicate one source of information about the likely composition of the original atmospheres of Venus and Earth

To account for the fact that Earth's water supply no longer comes primarily from impacting comets

Question: Why does the author mention "present-day volcanoes on Earth"?


Because of Venus' size and mass, its volcanoes probably produced much more water vapor than volcanoes on Earth did.

The low temperature of Venus' early atmosphere can be explained only by the presence of water.

The presence of carbon dioxide in a planet's atmosphere is an indicator of water on that planet.

Venus probably was struck by roughly as many comets as Earth was.

Question: According to paragraph 2, what is one reason for thinking that at one time, there were significant amounts of water on Venus?


Question: The word "luminous" in the passage is closest in meaning to


Rapidly increasing temperatures at ground level

Question: According to paragraph 4, what is one factor that kept the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere of early Venus relatively low?


means of
importance of
need for
benefits of

Question: The phrase "mechanism for" in the passage is closest in meaning to


Question: The word "persisted" in the passage is closest in meaning to


Atmospheric pressure begins to decrease.

Water vapor disappears from the atmosphere.

Water evaporates regardless of atmospheric pressure.

More energy is required to evaporate a given volume of water.

Question: According to paragraph 5, what happens when temperatures rise above 374°C?


increasing the rate which carbon dioxide was outgassed

baking out carbon dioxide from carbonate rocks

replacing the previous mechanisms for removing carbon dioxide with less effective ones

Question: According to paragraph 6, extremely high temperatures increased the amount of carbon dioxide in Venus' atmosphere by


early Venus had more frequent volcanic outgassing than early Earth did

early Venus had far less liquid water than early Earth did

volcanic activity stopped relatively early on Venus but continued on Earth

Venus is closer to the Sun than Earth is

Question: The passage supports the idea that the basic reason that Venus and Earth are now so different from each other is that


composed of people having different values

Question: According to the author, the United States claims to be a nation _ .

In a country that defines itself by ideals, not by shared blood, who should be allowed to come work and live here? In the wake of the Sept. 11 attacks these questions have never seemed more pressing.
On Dec. 11, 2001, as part of the effort to increase homeland security, federal and local authorities in 14 states staged "Operation Safe Travel"-raids on airports to arrest employees with false identification . In Salt Lake City there were 69 arrests. But those captured were anything but terrorists, most of them illegal immigrants from Central or South America. Authorities said the undocumented workers' illegal status made them open to blackmail  by terrorists.
Many immigrants in Salt Lake City were angered by the arrests and said they felt as if they were being treated like disposable goods.
Mayor Anderson said those feelings were justified to a certain extent. "We're saying we want you to work in these places, we're going to look the other way in terms of what our laws are, and then when it's convenient for us, or when we can try to make a point in terms of national security, especially after Sept. 11, then you're disposable. There are whole families being uprooted for all of the wrong reasons," Anderson said.
If Sept. 11 had never happened, the airport workers would not have been arrested and could have gone on quietly living in America, probably indefinitely. Ana Castro, a manager at a Ben & Jerry's ice cream shop at the airport had been working 10 years with the same false Social Security card when she was arrested in the December airport raid. Now she and her family are living under the threat of deportation . Castro's case is currently waiting to be settled. While she awaits the outcome, the government has granted her permission to work here and she has returned to her job at Ben & Jerry's.


Guilty. Offended. Disappointed. Discouraged.

Question: How did the immigrants in Salt Lake City feel about "Operation Safe Travel"?


evidence was found that they were potential terrorists

most of them worked at airports under threat of terrorists

terrorists might take advantage of their illegal status

they were reportedly helping hide terrorists around the airport

Question: Undocumented workers became the target of "Operation Safe Travel" because _ .


we will turn a blind eye to your illegal status

we will examine the laws in a different way

there are other ways of enforcing the law

Question: By saying "...we're going to look the other way in terms of what our laws are" (Line 2, Para. 4), Mayor Anderson means "_ ".


She will be deported sooner or later.
She is allowed to stay permanently.
Her case has been dropped.
Her fate remains uncertain.

Question: What do we learn about Ana Castro from the last paragraph?


The ability to perfect his tennis skills.

The flexibility to finish the workload anywhere.

The independence he needs to be a good tennis player.

Question: What does Jamie Hunt get from the virtual school?

Tennis hopeful Jamie Hunt, 16, felt he could not become a world-class junior player while attending a regular school. The international circuit has players on the road 50% of the time-and it's hard to focus on your backhand when you're worrying about being on time for homeroom. So last year Hunt, who hones his ground strokes at Elite TNT Tennis Academy in April Sound, Texas, enrolled for academics in the $9,750-a-year University of Miami Online High School（UMOHS）, a virtual school that caters to athletes." The online school gives me the flexibility I need,"  says Hunt. " The workload is the same, but I can do it anywhere. It's nicer to ask a question face-to-face with a teacher, but in some ways it prepares me better for college because I have to be more independent."  A year ago, Hunt's world junior ranking was 886; now it's 108.
Virtual high schools, which allow students to take classes via PC, have emerged as an increasingly popular education alternative, particularly for on-the-go athletes. UMOHS has more than 400 students enrolled, 65% of whom are athletes. Accredited by the 100-year-old Southern Association of Colleges and Schools, UMOHS offers honors and advanced-placement classes. All course material is online, along with assignments and due dates. For help, says principal Howard Liebman, " a student may e-mail, instant message or call the teacher."
Dallas mom Lori Bannon turned to another online school, Laurel Springs in Ojai, Calif. Bannon, who has a medical degree from Harvard, didn't want to compromise the education of her daughter Lindsay, 13, an élite gymnast who spends eight hours a day in the gym. " Regular school was not an option,"  says Bannon, " but I wanted to make sure she could go back at grade level if she quit gymnastics."  Laurel Springs' enrollment has increased 35% a year for the past four years, to 1,800 students. At least 25% are either athletes or child entertainers.
Educators are split on the merits of such schools. Paul Orehovec, an enrollment officer for the University of Miami, admits, " I was somewhat of a skeptic. But when I looked into their programs and accreditation, I was excited. UMOHS is the first online school to be granted membership in the National Honor Society."  Kevin Roy, Elite's director of education, sees pitfalls and potential in virtual schools. " You will never have that wonderful teacher who inspires you for life,"  says Roy. " But the virtual school offers endless possibilities. I don't know where education's imagination will take this."


make it possible for athletes to receive training without delaying their school work

have gained ground as a major education form

Question: We can learn from the text that virtual high schools  _ .


Visiting a homeroom on time.
E-mailing teachers for questions.
Getting course materials online.
Taking classes via a PC.

Question: Which of the following is NOT a practice in a virtual school?


virtual school has more athlete students

regular school cannot meet her daughter's condition

Question: Lori Bannon turned to online school because  _ .


The education provided by virtual schools is yet to be recognized by authorities.

Educators are divided as to whether students should take virtual schools.

Despite the defects, virtual schools show great potentials.

Regular schools will be replaced by virtual schools sooner or later.

Question: To which of the following is the author likely to agree?


will enable surgeons to be physically present on every battlefield

can raise the spirits of soldiers wounded on the battlefield

will greatly improve medical conditions on the battlefield

can shorten the time for operations on soldiers wounded on the battlefield

Question: According to Richard Satava, the application of virtual reality to medicine ________.

Richard Satava, program manager for advanced medical technologies, has been a driving force in bringing virtual reality to medicine, where computers create a "virtual" or simulated environment for surgeons and other medical practitioners .
"With virtual reality we'll be able to put a surgeon in every trench," said Satava. He envisaged a time when soldiers who are wounded fighting overseas are put in mobile surgical units equipped with computers.
The computers would transmit images of the soldiers to surgeons back in the U.S. The surgeons would look at the soldier through virtual reality helmets  that contain a small screen displaying the image of the wound. The doctors would guide robotic instruments in the battlefield mobile surgical unit that operate on the soldier.
Although Satava's vision may be years away from standard operating procedure, scientists are progressing toward virtual reality surgery. Engineers at an international organization in California are developing a tele-operating device. As surgeons watch a three-dimensional image of the surgery, they move instruments that are connected to a computer, which passes their movements to robotic instruments that perform the surgery. The computer provides feedback to the surgeon on force, textures, and sound.
These technological wonders may not yet be part of the community hospital setting but increasingly some of the machinery is finding its way into civilian medicine. At Wayne State University Medical School, surgeon Lucia Zamorano takes images of the brain from computerized scans and uses a computer program to produce a 3-D image. She can then maneuver the 3-D image on the computer screen to map the shortest, least invasive surgical path to the tumor . Zamorano is also using technology that attaches a probe to surgical instruments so that she can track their positions. While cutting away a tumor deep in the brain, she watches the movement of her surgical tools in a computer graphics image of the patient's brain taken before surgery.
During these procedures-operations that are done through small cuts in the body in which a miniature camera and surgical tools are maneuvered-surgeons are wearing 3-D glasses for a better view. And they are commanding robot surgeons to cut away tissue more accurately than human surgeons can.
Satava says, "We are in the midst of a fundamental change in the field of medicine."


using a remote-control technique to treat wounded soldiers fighting overseas

wounded soldiers being saved by doctors wearing virtual reality helmets on the battlefield

wounded soldiers being operated on by specially trained surgeons

setting up mobile surgical units overseas

Question: Richard Satava has visions of ________.


It is performed by a computer-designed high precision device.

Surgeons wear virtual reality helmets to receive feedback provided by a computer.

Surgeons move robotic instruments by means of a computer linked to them.

A 3-D image records the movements of the surgeons during the operation.

Question: How is virtual reality surgery performed?


he is looking at the cuts on a computer screen

the cuts can be examined from different angles

Question: During virtual reality operations, the surgeon can have a better view of the cuts in the body because ________.


allow the patient to recover more quickly

will make human surgeons' work less tedious

are done by robot surgeons with greater precision

Question: Virtual reality operations are an improvement on conventional surgery in that they ________.


the night before December 24
the night after December 25
the night of December 25
the night of December 24

Question: Christmas Eve is  _ .

On Christmas Eve ----- the night before Christmas Day children are very happy. They put their stockings at the end of their beds before they go to bed. They want Father Christmas to give them some presents.
Mr. Green tells his children that Father Christmas is a very kind man. He comes on Christmas Eve. He lands on top of each house and comes down the chimney into the fireplace and brings them a lot of present.
Christmas Day always begins before breakfast. The children wake up very early. They can't wait to open the presents in their stockings. Then they wake up their parents and call: Merry Christmas!''
Do you know what Christmas means? Christmas Day is the birthday of Jesus Christ. When Christ was born, many people gave him presents. So today, people still do the same thing to each other.