Biography | 1955–1978: Early life and acting in theater

He has English, French, German, Irish, and Scottish ancestry.

He now holds both Italian and American citizenship.

William James "Willem" Dafoe (born July 22, 1955) is an American actor.

In high school, he acquired the nickname Willem, which is the Dutch version of the name William.

Dafoe married Italian actress, director, and screenwriter Giada Colagrande on March 25, 2005, a year after the two had met in Rome at the premiere of one of her films.

Biography | 2010–present: Continued acclaim and success

The Fault in Our Stars. Dafoe once again collaborated with Ferrara on the drama Pasolini, in which he played Italian filmmaker Pier Paolo Pasolini during his last days before his murder in 1975.

Biography | 1990–1999: Balancing independent and blockbuster films

Roger Ebert praised Dafoe's "gifted" portrayal of LeTour and Owen Gleiberman opined that "even when the film doesn't gel, one is held by Willem Dafoe's grimly compelling performance."Dafoe

Dafoe said in 2010, "We were having lunch

Within a year Dafoe was part of the company.

Dafoe would continue with the Wooster Group into the 2000s.

Biography | 1986–1989: Breakthrough, first Oscar nomination, and controversial roles

Dafoe did not receive a credit for his work on the film.

Willem Dafoe has Italian roots.


His father was born in Kenya and was of Gujarati Indian descent.

Sir Ben Kingsley (born Krishna Pandit Bhanji; 31 December 1943) is an English actor.

Since then, Kingsley appears to have altered his stance; credits for his latest films refer to him as Ben Kingsley.

At about this time, he changed his name to Ben Kingsley, fearing that a foreign name would hamper his career.

Kingsley studied at De La Salle College in Salford, which later became home to the Ben Kingsley Theatre.

His mother was English; she was born out of wedlock, and "was loath to speak of her background".

The film was a critical and financial success, and Kingsley won the Academy Award for Best Actor for his performance.

Kingsley played Mosca in Peter Hall's 1977 production of Ben Jonson's Volpone for the Royal National Theatre, and in Peter Brook's acclaimed production of A Midsummer Night's Dream.

Kingsley's maternal grandfather was believed by the family to have been of Russian- or German-Jewish descent, while his maternal grandmother was English and worked in the garment district of London's East End.

Kingsley is best known for his starring role as Mohandas Gandhi in the 1982 film Gandhi, for which he subsequently won the Academy Award for Best Actor at the 55th Academy Awards.

He was educated at Manchester Grammar School, where one of his classmates was actor Robert Powell.

Ben Kingsley is an actor that is part English and French.


It was Massini who encouraged him to write his first opera, originally titled Rocester, to a libretto by the journalist Antonio Piazza.

List of compositions by Giuseppe Verdi

Pizzo claims that Verdi was part of this movement, for his operas were inspired by the love of country, the struggle for Italian independence, and speak to the sacrifice of patriots and exiles.

Verdi was to claim that he gradually began to work on the music for Nabucco, the libretto of which had originally been rejected by the composer Otto Nicolai: " This verse today, tomorrow that, here a note, there a whole phrase, and little by little the opera was written", he later recalled.

Following its failure, it is claimed Verdi vowed never to compose again, but in his Sketch he recounts how Merelli persuaded him to write a new opera.

In 1848, the nationalist leader Giuseppe Mazzini (whom Verdi had met in London the previous year) requested Verdi (who complied) to write a patriotic hymn.

See also List of compositions by Giuseppe Verdi and individual articles on the works.

After first (1850) seeking a libretto from Cammarano (which never appeared), Verdi later (1857) commissioned one from Antonio Somma, but this proved intractable, and no music was ever written.

In the eleven years up to and including Traviata, Verdi had written sixteen operas.

We must all extend a fraternal hand, and Italy will yet become the first nation of the world... I am drunk with joy!

Giuseppe Verdi was inspired to write the music for his first major opera by a poem written about the reunification of Italy.


In 14 seasons in the National League (NL), he pitched for the Boston Beaneaters, Pittsburgh Pirates, and St. Louis Cardinals.

When he changed teams to the Pittsburgh Pirates for 1906, whose offense had a combined batting average of .256 over the four years

He attended high school at Newark Academy, and played both on the high school baseball team and in semi-pro baseball leagues throughout Delaware.

His ERA for those four years was 2.08.

Willis was with the team, Willis compiled a record of 88–46.

Victor Gazaway Willis (April 12, 1876 – August 3, 1947) was an American Major League Baseball pitcher during the 1890s and 1900s.

Prior to joining the major leagues, Willis played football and baseball for University of Delaware, then known as Delaware College, despite never attending the college.

Willis was on one World Series championship team, the 1909 Pirates.

Next season Willis pitched for a semipro team in his hometown Newark, Delaware.

After the team ceased operations in June, he moved to the Lynchburg Hill Climbers of the Virginia State League.

Willis was born on April 12, 1876 in Cecil County, Maryland.

Victor Willis played catcher for four different teams.


He returned to Concord that September, suffering from severe cirrhosis of the liver, knowing he would not recover.

Pierce's health began to decline again in mid-1869; he resumed heavy drinking despite his deteriorating physical condition.

He was a heavy drinker for much of his life, and he died of cirrhosis of the liver in 1869.

The Kansas– Nebraska Act was passed in May 1854 and ultimately defined the Pierce presidency.

Congressional career | U.S. House of Representatives

This passed the House in 1836.

The next 34 ballots passed with no winner even close, and still no votes for Pierce.

It also passed a tariff reduction bill he had long sought.

Due to illness he declined, but sent a letter appealing to the people of Alabama to remain in the Union, and give the North time to repeal laws against southern interests and to find common ground.

After Pierce died, he mostly passed from the American consciousness, except as one of a series of presidents whose disastrous tenures led to civil war.

Pierce, whose support had been slowly declining as the ballots passed, directed his supporters to break for Douglas, withdrawing his name in a last-ditch effort to defeat Buchanan.

In the final days of the Pierce administration, Congress passed bills to increase the pay of army officers and to build new naval vessels, also expanding the number of seamen enlisted.

Pierce passed away due to liver complications.


A consistent Democrat – "I'm a Democrat first, last, and all the time", he said – in January 1941 he praised FDR's support for Great Britain and in an address at the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier on Memorial Day of that year he attacked isolationists and said that veterans understood that "liberty and freedom are so very precious that you do not fight and win them once and stop.

His actions that day earned him the Medal of Honor.

Historical reputation and legacy | Medal of Honor controversy

Corporal William Cutting, who was present with York during his Medal of Honor action, and Bernard Early, the noncommissioned officer under whom York was serving during his Medal of Honor actions, were among those who argued against the official version.

In 1941 the movie Sergeant York, directed by Howard Hawks with Gary Cooper in the title role, told about his life and Medal of Honor action.

Of the 17 American soldiers who were involved in York's Medal of Honor action, six were killed.

Their machine guns were up there on the heights overlooking us and well hidden, and we couldn't tell for certain where the terrible heavy fire was coming from ... And I'm telling you they were shooting straight.

In attempting to explain his actions during the 1919 investigation that resulted in the Medal of Honor, York told General Lindsey "A higher power than man guided and watched over me and told me what to do." Lindsey replied "York, you are right."Biographer

Under the command of Sergeant Bernard Early, four non-commissioned officers, including recently promoted Corporal York, and thirteen privates were ordered to infiltrate the German lines to take out the machine guns.

York was immediately promoted to sergeant and was awarded the Distinguished Service Cross; an investigation resulted in the upgrading of the award to the Medal of Honor.

He received the Medal of Honor for leading an attack on a German machine gun nest, taking at least one machine gun, killing at least 25 enemy soldiers and capturing 132.

There were over thirty of them in continuous action, and all I could do was touch the Germans off just as fast as I could.

A very religious man who considered his actions leading up to a Medal of Honor the product of holy intervention, Sergeant York was a life-long Republican.


In 1938, the north-west pavilion, designed by Nash as a conservatory, was converted into a swimming pool.

Home of the monarch | Court ceremonies | Other ceremonies and functions

Since the bombing of the palace chapel in World War II, royal christenings have sometimes taken place in the Music Room.

Modern history | 21st century: Royal use and public access

It occupies the site of the chapel destroyed by an air raid in World War II.

During World War II, the palace was bombed nine times; the most serious and publicised incident destroyed the palace chapel in 1940.

Home of the monarch | Former ceremonial at the Palace | Court presentation of débutantes

After World War II, the ceremony was replaced by less formal afternoon receptions, omitting the requirement court evening dress.

A German bomb destroyed the palace chapel during World War II; the Queen's Gallery was built on the site and opened to the public in 1962 to exhibit works of art from the Royal Collection.

Remodelling of the structure began in 1762.

During World War I, the palace, then the home of King George V and Queen Mary, escaped unscathed.

Before Prince Albert's death, the palace was frequently the scene of musical entertainments, and the most celebrated contemporary musicians entertained at Buckingham Palace.

Home of the monarch | Garden and surroundings

It was last used for the Golden Jubilee of Elizabeth II.

The forecourt of Buckingham Palace is used for the Changing of the Guard, a major ceremony and tourist attraction (

England's Buckingham Palace used to have a greenhouse, but it was remodeled before World War II for another function.


Dreyfus's prison sentence on Devil's Island had taken its toll on his health.

On 5 January 1895, Dreyfus was summarily convicted in a secret court martial, publicly stripped of his army rank, and sentenced to life imprisonment on Devil's Island in French Guiana.

As a reserve officer, he re-entered the army as a major of artillery at the outbreak of World War I. Serving throughout the war, Dreyfus rose to the rank of lieutenant colonel.

Alfred Dreyfus ( DRAY-fəs, also US:  DRY-, French: [alfʁɛd dʁɛfys]; 9 October 1859 – 12 July 1935) was a French artillery officer of Jewish ancestry whose trial and conviction in 1894 on charges of treason became one of the most controversial and polarizing political dramas in modern French history.

I remain worthy of serving in the Army.

Alfred was 10 years old when the Franco-Prussian War broke out in the summer of 1870, and his family moved to Paris following the annexation of Alsace-Lorraine by Germany after the war.

Alfred Dreyfus's grandchildren donated over three thousand documents to the Musée d'art et d'histoire du judaïsme (Museum of Jewish art and history), including personal letters, photographs of the trial, legal documents, writings by Dreyfus during his time in prison, personal family photographs, and his officer stripes that were ripped out as a symbol of treason.

For two years, until July 1906, he lived in a state of house-arrest with one of his sisters at Carpentras, and later at Cologny.

He received de la Légion d'honneur, at the rank of "Officer," in November 1918.Dreyfus's son Pierre also served throughout the entire war as an artillery officer, receiving the Croix de guerre.

By then in his mid-50s, Dreyfus served mostly behind the lines of the Western Front, in part as commander of an artillery supply column.

Alfred Dreyfus was convicted for treason and served out his sentence on Devil's Island until he entered the army during World War I.


Arsenal Football Club is a professional football club based in Islington, London, England, that plays in the Premier League, the top flight of English football.

Woolwich Arsenal was the first southern member of The Football League, starting out in the Second Division and winning promotion to the First Division in 1904.

Arsenal Women is the women's football club affiliated to Arsenal.

Like all major English football clubs, Arsenal have a number of domestic supporters' clubs, including the Arsenal Football Supporters' Club, which works closely with the club, and the Arsenal Independent Supporters' Association, which maintains a more independent line.

Later that year, The Arsenal started dropping "The" in official documents, gradually shifting its name for the final time towards Arsenal, as it is generally known today.

They put Arsenal's footballing revenue at £331.3m (€435.5m), ranking Arsenal seventh among world football clubs.

The second was 2005–06, the last season that Arsenal played at Highbury, when the team wore commemorative redcurrant shirts similar to those worn in 1913, their first season in the stadium; the club reverted to their normal colours at the start of the next season.

They registered their new name, Woolwich Arsenal, with The Football League when the club ascended later that year.

Arsenal was the first club from the South of England to join The Football League, in 1893, and they reached the First Division in 1904.

In terms of revenue, Arsenal is the ninth highest-earning football club in the world, earned €487.6m in 2016–17 season.

Arsenal Football Club started in Oxford.


After the Portuguese took control of the city in the 15th century AD, they rebuilt it, changing the name to Casa Branca ([kazɐ'bɾɐ̃kɐ]), meaning 'white house' in Portuguese.

The present name, which is the Spanish version (pronounced [ka̠sa̠ˈβ̞la̠ŋka̠]), came when the Portuguese kingdom was integrated in personal union to the Spanish kingdom.

The original name of Casablanca was Anfa (Neo-Tifinagh: ⴰⵏⴼⴰ), in Berber language, by at least the seventh century BC.

History | Portuguese conquest and Spanish influence

Between 1580 and 1640, the Crown of Portugal was integrated to the Crown of Spain, so Casablanca and all other areas occupied by the Portuguese were under Spanish control, though maintaining an autonomous Portuguese administration.

As Portugal broke ties with Spain in 1640, Casablanca came under fully Portuguese control once again.

The Portuguese used the ruins of Anfa to build a military fortress in 1515.

During the French protectorate in Morocco, the name remained Casablanca (pronounced [kazablɑ̃ka]).

The town that grew up around it was called Casa Branca, meaning "white house" in Portuguese.

The town was called ad-Dār al-Bayḍāʼ (الدار البيضاء), the Arabic translation of the Portuguese Casa Branca.

The city is featured in The Mysterious Caravan (1975), volume 54 in the original Hardy Boys series.

Casablanca was originally named by Portuguese settlers.


Injuries shortened his career.

After the 1912 season, Walsh reportedly requested a full year off to rest his arm.

By 1916, Walsh's arm was dead.

Injuries shortened his career.

Walsh's playing time began dwindling in 1913.

After the 1903 season, the Chicago White Sox purchased Walsh's contract for $750.

"My arm would keep me awake till morning with a pain I had never known before".

Walsh's son Ed Walsh Jr. played for the White Sox from 1928 to 1932.

Interviewed for the book The Glory of Their Times, Hall of Famer Sam Crawford referred to Walsh's use of a pitch that was later outlawed: "Big Ed Walsh.

"I could feel the muscles grind and wrench during the game, and it seemed to me my arm would leap out of my socket when I shot the ball across the plate", Walsh later recalled.

It has been claimed that he came into spring training in poorer physical shape than other members of the White Sox pitching staff, and his pride led him to try to keep up with the other pitchers in terms of pitch speed before getting into adequate shape, thereby causing damage to his pitching arm.

Walsh's profession was diminished due to his arm injury.


He was apprenticed to a printer in Vermont and went to New York City in 1831 to seek his fortune.

He took no honeymoon with his new wife, returning to work while his wife took up a teaching job in New York City.

Soon after his move to New York City, Greeley met Mary Young Cheney.

Mary Cheney, a schoolteacher, moved to North Carolina to take a teaching job in 1835.

In late 1831, Greeley went to New York City to seek his fortune.

They were married in Warrenton, North Carolina on July 5, 1836, and an announcement duly appeared in The New-Yorker eleven days later.

Horace Greeley: Founder of The New York Tribune.

There were many young printers in New York who had likewise come to the metropolis, and he could only find short-term work.

There is a statue of Greeley in City Hall Park in New York, donated by the Tribune Association.

Greeley's wife Mary had returned ill from a trip to Europe in late June.

Horace Greeley decided to find fame and fortune as an actor in New York City, where he met his wife, Mary, and moved to Vermont after the honeymoon to North Carolina.
.


King Shaka kaSenzangakhona (c. July 1787 – 22 September 1828), also known as Shaka Zulu (Zulu pronunciation: [ˈʃaːɠa]), was the King of the Zulu Kingdom from 1816 to 1828.

Expansion of power and conflict with Zwide

In the mid-1820s Henry Francis Fynn provided medical treatment to the king after an assassination attempt by a rival tribe member hidden in a crowd (see account of Nathaniel Isaacs).

Social and military revolution | Creator of a revolutionary warfare style

By the time of Shaka's assassination in 1828, it had made the Zulu kingdom the greatest power in southern Africa and a force to be reckoned with, even against Britain's modern army in 1879.Much controversy still surrounds the character, methods and activities of the Zulu king.

He was one of the most influential monarchs of the Zulu Kingdom.

Taken aback by such candid talk, the Zulu king is supposed to have called off the destructive edicts, rewarding the blunt teller-of-truths with a gift of cattle.

This would open the door for future British incursions into the Zulu kingdom that were not so peaceful.

To show his gratitude, Shaka permitted European settlers to enter and operate in the Zulu kingdom.

He set up his main residence at Mmungungundlovo and established his authority over the Zulu kingdom.

The figure of Shaka thus remains an ambiguous one in African oral tradition, defying simplistic depictions of the Zulu king as a heroic, protean nation builder on one hand, or a depraved monster on the other.

Zulu king Shaka is referenced in Jamaican Patois semantics, syntax and idiom - the term "Shakalaka" is regularly chanted in reggae sound system culture, incorporating inspiration and invocation of Zula king Shaka's heritage.

Shaka was king of the Zulu kingdom from 1820 to 1830.


Diffusion in the context of different disciplines

The concept of diffusion is widely used in: physics (particle diffusion), chemistry, biology, sociology, economics, and finance (diffusion of people, ideas and of price values).

Basic models of diffusion | Fluctuation-dissipation theorem

F is the random force applied to the particle.

Diffusion in physics | The theory of diffusion in gases based on Boltzmann's equation

i                                     {\displaystyle F_{i}}    is the force applied to the molecules of the ith component and

describes diffusion caused by the difference of the forces applied to molecules of different types.

Basic models of diffusion | Einstein's mobility and Teorell formula

}   . The mobility-based approach was further applied by T. Teorell.

The concept of diffusion is typically applied to any subject matter involving random walks in ensembles of individuals.

Basic models of diffusion | Diffusion in porous media

Upon applying the divergence of the flux, the porosity terms cancel out and the second equation above is formed.

The concept of diffusion is widely used in many fields, including physics (particle diffusion), chemistry, biology, sociology, economics, and finance (diffusion of people, ideas, and price values).

Henry Eyring, with co-authors, applied his theory of absolute reaction rates to Frenkel's quasichemical model of diffusion.

The Einstein relation (kinetic theory) connects the diffusion coefficient and the mobility (the ratio of the particle's terminal drift velocity to an applied force) D

Diffusion only applies to chemistry.


uShaka Marine World, an aquatic theme park on the Durban beach front opened in 2004.

Scholarship studies | Biographical sources

A 1998 study by historian Carolyn Hamilton summarizes much of the scholarship on Shaka towards the dawn of the 21st century in areas ranging from ideology, politics and culture, to the use of his name and image in a popular South African theme park, Shakaland.

The King Shaka International Airport at La Mercy, 35 kilometres (22 mi) north of the Durban city centre was opened on 1 May 2010 in preparation for the 2010 FIFA World Cup after a protracted debate over the naming of the airport.

This would open the door for future British incursions into the Zulu kingdom that were not so peaceful.

Social and military revolution | Age-grade regimental system

Shaka organised various grades into regiments, and quartered them in special military kraals, with regiments having their own distinctive names and insignia.

Oral sources record that in this period of devastation, a singular Zulu, a man named Gala, eventually stood up to Shaka and objected to these measures, pointing out that Nandi was not the first person to die in Zululand.

Zwide himself escaped with a handful of followers before falling foul of a chieftainess named Mjanji, ruler of a baBelu clan. (He died in mysterious circumstances soon afterwards.) Zwide's general Soshangane (of the Shangaan) moved north towards what is now Mozambique to inflict further damage on less resistant foes and take advantage of slaving opportunities, obliging Portuguese traders to give tribute.

An aquatic themed park with the name "uShaka" opened in 2004.


Sigujana's reign was short, however, as Dingiswayo, anxious to confirm his authority, lent Shaka a regiment so that he was able to put Sigujana to death, launching a relatively bloodless coup that was substantially accepted by the Zulu.

When Senzangakhona (Shaka's father) died in 1816, Shaka's younger half-brother Sigujana assumed power as the legitimate heir to the Zulu chiefdom.

These peoples were never defeated in battle by the Zulu; they did not have to be.

The figure of Shaka thus remains an ambiguous one in African oral tradition, defying simplistic depictions of the Zulu king as a heroic, protean nation builder on one hand, or a depraved monster on the other.

He was one of the most influential monarchs of the Zulu Kingdom.

Because of his background as a soldier, Shaka taught the Zulus that the most effective way of becoming powerful quickly was by conquering and controlling other tribes.

Thus Shaka became Chief of the Zulu clan, although he remained a vassal of the Mthethwa empire until Dingiswayo's death in battle a year later at the hands of Zwide, powerful chief of the Ndwandwe (Nxumalo) nation.

In a two-day running battle, the Zulu inflicted a resounding defeat on their opponents.

He reformed the remnants of the Mthethwa and other regional tribes and later defeated Zwide in the Zulu Civil War of 1819–20.

Scholarship studies | The Mfecane | History and legacy

The ripple effect caused by these mass migrations would become known (though only in the twentieth century) as the Mfecane (annihilation).

Shaka was born in the lunar month of uNtulikazi (July) in the year of 1787 near present-day Melmoth, KwaZulu-Natal Province, the son of the Zulu chief Senzangakhona.

The praise song is one of the most widely used poetic forms in Africa, applying not only to spirits but to men, animals, plants and even towns.

Shake defeated one of his uncles to become the Zulu chief.


It is the first film in the series not to be directed by Gore Verbinski, replaced by Rob Marshall.

The title was announced as Pirates of the Caribbean: On Stranger Tides.

Pirates of the Caribbean: On Stranger Tides is a 2011 American fantasy swashbuckler film, the fourth installment in the Pirates of the Caribbean film series and a standalone sequel to At World's End (2007).

Depp's faith in Pirates of the Caribbean: On Stranger Tides was somewhat shaken after the resignation, with Depp explaining that "There's a fissure, a crack in my enthusiasm at the moment.

He hoped Gore Verbinski would return to direct the fourth film, as his BioShock film adaptation had been put on hold.

At Disney California Adventure Park, the Pirates of the Caribbean segment of the World of Color show was extended to include visual clips and music from On Stranger Tides.

The world premiere of On Stranger Tides was on May 7, 2011, at a premium ticket screening at Disneyland in Anaheim, California, home of the original Pirates of the Caribbean ride that inspired the film series.

Reception | Box office | Outside North America

Outside North America, On Stranger Tides is the sixth-highest-grossing film, the third-highest-grossing Disney film, the second-highest-grossing 2011 film and the highest-grossing film of the Pirates of the Caribbean series.

The British financial statements of the film revealed total expenditures of £240.7 million ($410.6 million) by 2013, with Disney receiving a rebate of $32.1 million from the British government, making Pirates of the Caribbean: On Stranger Tides the most expensive film ever made to date.

The fifth installment in the franchise, Pirates of the Caribbean

Pirates of the Caribbean: On Stranger Tides was produced by Gore Verbinski.


After his firing by the Red Sox in September 1966, he coached for the California Angels (1967) and San Diego Padres (1978–79) and served in player development roles with the Padres and Oakland Athletics.

Then he moved to the American League (AL) as the third-base coach of the Boston Red Sox for five years (1960–64), before managing the Red Sox to lackluster records in 1965 and 1966; his 1965 Boston club lost 100 games.

Facing Cincinnati Reds pitcher

Herman missed the 1944 and 1945 seasons to serve in World War II, but returned to play in 1946 with the Dodgers and Boston Braves (after being traded mid-season).

Elliott won the 1947 NL Most Valuable Player award and led Boston to the 1948 National League pennant.

Si Johnson, Herman chopped a pitch into the back of home plate, which then bounced up and hit Herman in the back of the head, knocking him out.

Herman moved to Palm Beach Gardens, Florida in 1968.

After a sub-standard offensive year in 1940, Herman was traded to the Brooklyn Dodgers in 1941.

A fixture in the Chicago lineup over the next decade, Herman was a consistent hitter and solid producer.

Herman was promptly named playing manager of the 1947 Pirates, but he was aghast at the cost—Elliott—the Pirates had paid for him.

Billy Herman was fired from the Boston Red Sox.


His entire 20-year playing career in Major League Baseball (MLB) was with the Detroit Tigers.

Trammell attended Kearny High School in San Diego, California and played American Legion Baseball.

Playing career | Later years, injuries and retirement

After his retirement, Trammell coached for Detroit (1999, hitting coach), the San Diego Padres (2000–2002, first base coach), and managed the Tigers (2003–2005).

Finally, in the World Series, he hit .450 (9-for-20) against the San Diego Padres, including a pair of two-run home runs that accounted for all of the Tigers' scoring in a Game 4 victory.

Inducted into the San Diego Hall of Champions in 1998

Trammell won a World Series championship in 1984 over his hometown San Diego Padres and an American League East division championship in 1987.

The following season, a fully healthy Trammell hit 21 homers and stole 25 bases, becoming only the second player in Detroit history to hit 20+ home runs and steal 20+ bases in the same season. (Kirk Gibson was the other, and Curtis Granderson has since joined the club.) Trammell also set a career-high with 75 RBI.

In 1987, asked by manager Sparky Anderson to replace the departed Lance Parrish as cleanup hitter, Trammell responded with his best major league season, hitting a career-high 28 home runs to go with a career-high .343 batting average (ranking third in the AL).

In his 20-year career, Trammell batted over .300 seven times, ending with a career average of .285 and 185 home runs with 1,003 RBI, 1,231 runs, 2,365 hits, 412 doubles, 55 triples, and 236 stolen bases in 2,293 games.

with 20+ home runs and 100+ RBI in a season in big league history.

Allan Trammell went to high school in San Diego and played 20 years for the Tigers.


Verdi, the first child of Carlo Giuseppe Verdi (1785–1867) and Luigia Uttini (1787–1851), was born at their home in Le Roncole, a village near Busseto, then in the Département Taro and within the borders of  the First French Empire following the annexation of the Duchy of Parma and Piacenza in 1808.

List of compositions by Giuseppe Verdi

See also List of compositions by Giuseppe Verdi and individual articles on the works.

By 1829–30, Verdi had established himself as a leader of the Philharmonic: "none of us could rival him" reported the secretary of the organisation, Giuseppe Demaldè.

In 1848, the nationalist leader Giuseppe Mazzini (whom Verdi had met in London the previous year) requested Verdi (who complied) to write a patriotic hymn.

Legacy | Memorials and cultural portrayals

The Giuseppe Verdi Monument, a 1906 marble memorial, sculpted by Pasquale Civiletti, is located in Verdi Square in Manhattan, New York City.

In January 1851, Verdi broke off relations with his parents, and in April they were  ordered to leave Sant'Agata; Verdi found new premises for them and helped them financially to settle into their new home.

Giuseppe Fortunino Francesco Verdi (Italian: [dʒuˈzɛppe ˈverdi]; 9 or 10 October 1813 – 27 January 1901) was an Italian opera composer.

After learning to play the organ, he showed so much interest in music that his parents finally provided him with a spinet.

A growing estrangement between Verdi and his parents was perhaps also attributable to Strepponi (the suggestion that this situation was sparked by the birth of a child to Verdi and Strepponi which was given away as a foundling lacks any firm evidence).

Giuseppe Verdi was the first kid from his parents.


He never appeared with the team in the 2013 season.

On April 4, 2013, Guerrero signed with the Long Island Ducks of the Atlantic League.

He informed the team that he had family issues to attend to and would not be joining them to start the season.

Career | Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim | 2009 season

On October 11, in the ninth inning, Guerrero delivered a two-run single, off Jonathan Papelbon of the Boston Red Sox, scoring Bobby Abreu and Chone Figgins.

While Guerrero was playing injured, though, he still managed to hit for the cycle, on September 14, 2003.

In the first pitch of an at-bat, Guerrero hit 126 home runs and put 1,780 balls in play.

Guerrero was criticized during his first full season, in 1997 (he had played only 9 games, in 1996), for being too aggressive at the plate.

One of nine children, Guerrero is the younger brother of ex-major leaguer Wilton Guerrero, who also played with the Montreal Expos (the two were teammates for several seasons).

He broke up a no-hitter by Shaun Marcum in the seventh inning of the Opening Day game against the Toronto Blue Jays on April 5, 2010.

That night, Guerrero went 1 for 5 at the plate; his first big league hit, a single to center field, came against Atlanta Braves starting pitcher Steve Avery, in the top of the fourth inning, at Atlanta–Fulton County Stadium.

Guerrero played with the Long Island Ducks in 2013.


It's a Mad, Mad, Mad, Mad World is a 1963 American comedy film produced and directed by Stanley Kramer with a screenplay by William Rose and Tania Rose from a story by Tania Rose.

It's a Mad, Mad, Mad, Mad World.

It's a Mad, Mad, Mad, Mad World to be as close as possible to the original 197-minute version envisioned by Kramer.

and then It's a Mad World, with Rose and Kramer adding additional Mads to the title as time progressed.

Who's Coming to Dinner. His first attempt at directing a comedy film paid off immensely as It's a Mad, Mad, Mad, Mad World became a critical and commercial success in 1963 and was nominated for six Academy Awards, winning for Best Sound Editing, and two Golden Globe Awards.

, Mad, Mad, Mad World featured at number 40 in the American Film Institute's list 100 Years ... 100 Laughs.

Films having a comedic search for money with an ensemble cast modeled after It's a Mad, Mad, Mad, Mad World include Scavenger Hunt (1979), Million Dollar Mystery (1987) and Rat Race. (2001) There are similar Bollywood movies like Journey Bombay to Goa: Laughter Unlimited (2007), Dhamaal (2007) and Total Dhamaal (2019).

Years later, Kramer announced a possible Mad World sequel, which was to be titled

It's a Mad, Mad, Mad, Mad World aficionados Mark Evanier, Michael Schlesinger, and Paul Scrabo, a new documentary on the film's visual and sound effects, an excerpt from a 1974 talk show hosted by Stanley Kramer featuring Sid Caesar, Buddy Hackett, and Jonathan Winters, a press interview from 1963 featuring Kramer and cast members, excerpts about the film's influence taken from the 2000 American Film Institute program 100 Years ... 100 Laughs, a two-part 1963 episode of Canadian TV program Telescope that follows the film's press junket and premiere, a segment from the 2012 special

During the production of Mad World, Hope was arguing with the studio about the future projects that he was due in his contract, and they ultimately refused to allow him to appear.

It's a Mad, Mad, Mad, Mad World is a drama by Stanley Kubrick about the Cuban Missile Crisis and the Bay of Pigs.


It has been called the "greatest of all American urban novels".

While it initially did not sell well (fewer than 500 copies) and encountered censorship, it is now considered one of the great American urban novels, which explores the gritty details of human nature, as well as how the process of industrialization affected the American people.

Theodore Dreiser's Sister Carrie was not widely accepted after it was published, although it was not completely withdrawn by its publishers, as some sources say it was.

Sister Carrie evoked different responses from the critics, and although the book did not sell well among the general public, it often received positive reviews.

Dreiser had difficulty finding a publisher for Sister Carrie.

Some of the reason for lack of sales came from a conflict between Dreiser and his publishers, who did little to promote the book.

In 2013, Black Balloon Publishing released Clementine Classics: Sister Carrie by Theodore Dreiser, a new version of Sister Carrie annotated by Tumblr literary critic Clementine the Hedgehog.

By the time Drouet introduces Carrie to George Hurstwood, the manager of Fitzgerald and Moy's – a respectable bar that Drouet describes as a "way-up, swell place" – her material appearance has improved considerably.

Theodore Dreiser is considered one of America's greatest naturalists, significant because he wrote at the early stages of the naturalist movement.

The book was not advertised and only 456 copies sold.

A pictorial history of Sister Carrie from 1900–1981.

Although Sister Carrie has been described as the greatest book of it's kind, it was not a top seller after it was published.


Many of Evers' relatives, including his father, brothers, and uncles, played baseball.

He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) from 1902 through 1917 for the Chicago Cubs, Boston Braves, and Philadelphia Phillies.

Evers continued to play for the Braves and Phillies through 1917.

Evers and fellow coach Hank Gowdy played in one game in the 1929 season, coming into the bottom of the ninth inning on October 6, 1929.

Career | Boston Braves and Philadelphia Phillies

Not receiving another offer from an MLB team, Evers traveled to Paris as a member of the Knights of Columbus to promote baseball in France.

He signed with the Boston Red Sox as a player-coach for the 1918 season, but was released without playing a game for them.

Due to Evers' declining performance, the Braves placed Evers on waivers at mid-season, and he was claimed by the Philadelphia Phillies.

The Merkle play remains one of the most famous in baseball history.

After a poor season in 1916, Evers began the 1917 season with a .193 batting average.

Evers insisted he was a free agent, but the league assigned him to the Braves.

Evers made his professional debut in minor league baseball for the Troy Trojans of the Class-B New York State League in 1902 as a shortstop.

Johnny Evers, the only one in his family to play the sport, played in Major League Baseball (MLB) from 1902 through 1917 for the Chicago Cubs, Boston Braves, and Philadelphia Phillies.


He also owned the New York Yankees of Major League Baseball from 1915 until his death in 1939.

Jacob Ruppert Jr. (August 5, 1867 – January 13, 1939) was an American brewer, businessman, National Guard colonel and politician who served for four terms representing New York in the United States House of Representatives from 1899 to 1907.

Ruppert was born in New York City, the son of brewer Jacob Ruppert Sr., and his wife, the former Anna Gillig.

Ruppert also owned real estate, including Pass-a-Grille Key in Florida.

However, Frank J. Farrell and William S. Devery, owners of the New York Yankees, were looking to sell their franchise.

The Yankees were, at that time, a perennial also-ran in the American League (AL), posting winning records in only 4 of their 12 seasons – and only once since 1906 – since relocating to New York prior to the 1903 season from Baltimore, where the team had played as the Orioles during the AL's first two years of operation, 1901 and 1902.

Ruppert grew up in the Jacob Ruppert Sr. House on Fifth Avenue.

In 1886, Ruppert enlisted in the Seventh Regiment, National Guard of New York, serving in the rank of private through 1889.

Ruppert was also president of the Astoria Silk Works and the United States Brewers Association from 1911 through 1914.

The plaque called Ruppert "Gentleman, American, sportsman, through whose vision and courage this imposing edifice, destined to become the home of champions, was erected and dedicated to the American game of baseball.

Jacob Ruppert was an American brewer that also owned the New York Yankees.


Villefort, the deputy crown prosecutor in Marseille, destroys the letter from Elba when he discovers that it is addressed to his own father, Noirtier (who is a Bonapartist), since if this letter came into official hands, it would destroy his ambitions and reputation as a staunch Royalist.

To silence Dantès, he condemns him without trial to life imprisonment.

A fellow prisoner, Abbé Faria, correctly deduces that his jealous rival Fernand Mondego, envious crewmate Danglars, and double-dealing magistrate De Villefort turned him in.

Selected notable adaptations | Plays and musicals

The first, by Hailes Lacy, differs only slightly from Dumas' version with the main change being that Fernand Mondego is killed in a duel with the Count rather than committing suicide.

Benedetto is sentenced to the galleys with Caderousse, who had sold the diamond but killed both his wife and the buyer out of greed.

Benedetto takes up a life of crime as he grows into adolescence.

As a result, Fernand is investigated by his peers and disgraced.

Historical background | A chronology of The Count of Monte Cristo and Bonapartism

1846 : Louis Napoleon escapes from his prison.

Albert and Mercédès disown Fernand and leave his house.

While in prison awaiting trial, Andrea is visited by Bertuccio, who tells him the truth about his father.

He is imprisoned for life and becomes known as the candidate for the imperial succession.

Fernand is confronted with Dantès' true identity and shoots himself.

In the Count of Monte Cristo, Fernand Mondego sentences Dantes to life in prison.


After the establishment of the Jiangxi Soviet, Mao's status within the Party declined.

By 1930, the Communist Red Army had established the Chinese Soviet Republic in the provinces of Jiangxi and Fujian around the city of Ruijin, including industrial facilities.

The First Front Army of the Chinese Soviet Republic, led by an inexperienced military commission, was on the brink of annihilation by Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek's troops in their stronghold in Jiangxi province.

The Long March | Union of the three armies

Finally, in October 1935, Mao's army reached Shaanxi province and joined with local Communist forces there, led by Liu Zhidan, Gao Gang, and Xu Haidong, who had already established a Soviet base in northern Shaanxi.

In 1930, Mao claimed a need to eliminate alleged KMT spies and Anti-Bolsheviks operating inside the Jiangxi Soviet and began an ideological campaign featuring torture and guilt by association, in order to eliminate his enemies.

When several smaller units formed the Fourth Red Army under Zhang Guotao in the Sichuan–Shaanxi border area, no standard nomenclature of the armies of the Communist Party existed; moreover, during the Chinese Civil War, central control of separate Communist-controlled enclaves within China was limited.

The message has been drilled into us so that we can accomplish any goal set before us by the party because nothing compares in difficulty with what they did.

During these years, the Chinese Communist Party persevered and strengthened its influence.

Although the literal translation of the Chinese Cháng Zhēng is "Long March", official publications of the People's Republic of China refer to it as "The Long March of the Red Army" (simplified Chinese: 红军长征; traditional Chinese: 紅軍長征; pinyin: Hóngjūn Chángzhēng).

Zhou became the most powerful person in the Party; Mao became Zhou's assistant.

In 1930 the Communist Army set up the Chinese Soviet Republic in several provinces which consolidated and swelled Mao's power in the Party.


BTS (Korean: 방탄소년단; RR: Bangtan Sonyeondan), also known as the Bangtan Boys, is a seven-member South Korean boy band who began formation in 2010 and debuted in 2013.

BTS attracted one in every 13 foreign tourists that visited South Korea and were cited as one of the key acts boosting global music sales to $19 billion in 2018.

Along with Ariana Grande and Drake, BTS were credited as a key act boosting global music sales to $19 billion in 2018.

BTS have been often regarded as "the biggest boy band in the world".

Career | 2017: International expansion and collaborations

"DNA" also became the group's first entry on the Billboard Hot 100 at number 85, making BTS the first K-pop boy band to do so and the second Korean act with a Korean-language song.

Career | 2019: Map of the Soul: Persona, stadium world tour and BTS World

The group outgrossed legacy rock acts like the Rolling Stones, Metallica, and KISS, as well as fellow boy band the Backstreet Boys, making them the top-grossing touring group of 2019.

Philip Cosores from Uproxx described BTS' four nights at the Staples Center as an "enormous, multi-sensory experience" bringing an "inclusive" and "multicultural experience" where music is above any language barrier, while Crystal Bell from MTV said "BTS have created an experience so captivating, so inclusive, and so visually stunning that it's cemented the boy band as one of the most vital acts in pop music today." That October, with more than a year remaining in their contract, BTS renewed their contract with Big Hit Entertainment through 2026.In early November 2018, a popular Japanese music show cancelled BTS' performance citing a T-shirt a member wore the year before.

For the final stop of the North American leg, the band performed at Citi Field in Queens, marking the first time a Korean act has performed at a U.S. stadium.

The band is the first Korean act to top the Billboard 200 with their studio album Love Yourself: Tear (2018) and have since hit the top of the U.S. charts with their albums

Map of the Soul: Persona was also the second best-selling global album  by a band only behind Arashi's 5x20

BTS (band) is a nine-member South Korean boy band cited as one of the key acts boosting global music sales to $19 billion in 2018.


He died of respiratory failure, pneumonia and throat cancer on June 3, 2001, in Boston, at age 86.His funeral was held in the First Baptist Church in America in College Hill, Providence, Rhode Island.

Quinn spent his last years in Bristol, Rhode Island.

He is buried in a family plot in Bristol, Rhode Island.

Quinn bought the land during the filming of The Guns of Navarone in Rhodes; however, it was reclaimed by the Greek government in 1984 due to a change in property law.

The present library sits on the site of his family's former home.

There is an Anthony Quinn Bay and Beach in Rhodes, Greece, just 2.7 miles (4.3 km) south of the village of Faliraki (aka Falirakion or Falirákion).

The video was filmed at the abandoned Islander Drive-In Theater in Key West, Florida.

In 1969, he visited with Native American student activists occupying Alcatraz Island in protest, promising to offer assistance.

His widow, Katherine Benvin Quinn, established the Anthony Quinn Foundation which advocates the importance of arts in education.

They had three children: Francesco Quinn (March 22, 1963 – August 5, 2011), Danny Quinn (born April 16, 1964), and Lorenzo Quinn (born May 7,

Quinn passed in his home in Rhode Island due to complications from an unknown allergy.


Proper acceleration, the acceleration of a body relative to a free-fall condition, is measured by an instrument called an accelerometer.

In mechanics, acceleration is the rate of change of the velocity of an object with respect to time.

Uniform or constant acceleration is a type of motion in which the velocity of an object changes by an equal amount in every equal time period.

Definition and properties | Instantaneous acceleration

In the terms of calculus, instantaneous acceleration is the derivative of the velocity vector with respect to time:                                    a                  =

α                 {\displaystyle \alpha }   , i.e., the rate of change

The derivative of the location of a point on a curve with respect to time, i.e. its velocity, turns out to be always exactly tangential to the curve, respectively orthogonal to the radius in this point.

v v = v v = ∫ a                            d         t                 {\displaystyle \mathbf {v} =\int \mathbf {a} \ dt}   As acceleration is defined as the derivative of velocity, v, with respect to time t and velocity is defined as the derivative of position, x, with respect to time

Definition and properties | Average acceleration

An object's average acceleration over a period of time is its change in velocity (         Δ                    v                  ) {\displaystyle (\Delta \mathbf {v} )}

a                          {\displaystyle \mathbf {a} }    is the uniform rate of acceleration.

is the velocity at time t                 {\displaystyle t}   , and

Both acceleration and deceleration are treated the same, they are both changes in velocity.

Acceleration is the rate of change of the velocity of an object with respect to time and is measured by an altimeter.


The story is set in New York City in December 1932, in the last days of Prohibition.

The Thin Man television series aired on NBC from 1957–59, and starred  Peter Lawford and Phyllis Kirk .In 1999, Knopf published a collection of Hammett's early works, including an early draft of The Thin Man.

Although Hammett lived until 1961, The Thin Man was his last published novel.

During the course of this work, he wrote After the Thin Man and Another Thin Man, which, discovered amongst Hammett's papers in 2011, together with instructions by Hammett for incorporation of additional elements written by screenwriters Albert Hackett and Frances Goodrich, were edited by Hammett's biographer Richard Layman in collaboration with Hammett's granddaughter Julie M. Rivett and published as novellas in Return of the Thin Man in 2012.

Following the success of the movie version of The Thin Man in 1934, Hammett was commissioned to work on screenplays for sequels.

The Thin Man (1934) is a detective novel by Dashiell Hammett, originally published in the December 1933 issue of Redbook.

Hammett never wrote a sequel but the book became the basis for a successful six-part film series, which also began in 1934 with The Thin Man and starred William Powell and Myrna Loy.

Lillian Hellman, in an introduction to a compilation of Hammett's five novels, contemplated several explanations for Hammett's retirement as a novelist,  I have been asked many times over the years why he did not write another novel after The Thin Man.

The Thin Man takes place in NYC.


There was not one Long March, but a series of marches, as various Communist armies in the south escaped to the north and west.

Since the establishment of the People's Republic of China in 1949, the Long March has been glorified as an example of the Communist Party's strength and resilience.

While costly, the Long March gave the Communist Party of China (CCP) the isolation it needed, allowing its army to recuperate and rebuild in the north.

Over China, published not long after the end of the Long March in 1938.

After an expedition of almost a year, the Second Red Army reached Bao'an (Shaanxi) on October 22, 1936, known in China as the "union of the three armies", and the end of the Long March.

The Second Red Army began its own withdrawal west from Hubei in November 1935, led by He Long, who commanded the KMT Twentieth Army in 1923 before joining the Communist Party of China (CPC).

Zhang Guotao's Fourth Red Army took a different route than Mao, travelling south, then west, and finally north through China.

Following the end of World War II, the resurgent Communist Eighth Route Army, later called the People's Liberation Army, returned to drive the Kuomintang out of Mainland China to the island of Taiwan.

Although the literal translation of the Chinese Cháng Zhēng is "Long March", official publications of the People's Republic of China refer to it as "The Long March of the Red Army" (simplified Chinese: 红军长征; traditional Chinese: 紅軍長征; pinyin: Hóngjūn Chángzhēng).

The Long March most commonly refers to the transfer of the main group of the First (or Central) Red Army, which included the leaders of the Communist Party of China, from Yudu in the province of Jiangxi to Yan'an in Shaanxi.

The Long March | Conflict with ethnic warlords

300 "Khampa bandits" were enlisted into the Kuomintang's Consolatory Commission military in Sichuan, where they were part of the effort of the central government of China to penetrate and destabilize the local Han warlords such as Liu Wenhui.

The Long March consisted of multiple long marches in China.


All My Sons is based upon a true story, which Arthur Miller's then-mother-in-law pointed out in an Ohio newspaper.

Miller wrote All My Sons as a final attempt at writing a commercially successful play; he vowed to "find some other line of work" if the play did not find an audience.

All My Sons is a three-act play written in 1946 by Arthur Miller.

In his Collected Plays, Miller commented on his feelings on watching an audience's reaction to a performance of his first successful play:  The success of a play, especially one's first success, is somewhat like pushing against a door which suddenly opens from the other side.

The precise date of events in the play are unclear.

Miller wrote All My Sons after his first play The Man

Miller sent a copy of the play to Elia Kazan who directed the original stage version of All My Sons.

Henrik Ibsen's influence on Miller is evidenced from the Ibsen play The Wild Duck, from where Miller took the idea of two partners in a business where one is forced to take moral and legal responsibility for the other.

Miller's daughter, Rebecca Miller, asked McBurney to direct the play.

This version is more faithful to Arthur Miller's original play than the 1948 film version.

The play All My Sons is a play based on true events and was written by Arthur Miller after his previous play failed.


His entire 20-year playing career in Major League Baseball (MLB) was with the Detroit Tigers.

Managerial and coaching career | Detroit Tigers

Alan Trammell was named the manager of a struggling Tigers team on October 9, 2002.

Alan Stuart Trammell (born February 21, 1958) is an American former professional baseball shortstop, manager and coach.

Trammell attended Kearny High School in San Diego, California and played American Legion Baseball.

Playing career | Jersey number retirement

Alan Trammell's jersey number 3 was retired by the Tigers in a ceremony on August 26, 2018.

After the season finale, Whitaker gave him second base, on which he had written: To Alan Trammell, 1987 Most Valuable Player, from your friend Lou Whitaker.

Trammell was showered with a lengthy standing ovation from Detroit baseball fans upon taking the field.

Playing career | Hall of Fame consideration and induction

In 2001, Trammell was rated as the ninth-best shortstop of all time in "The New Bill James Historical Baseball Abstract", placing him higher than fourteen Hall of Fame shortstops.

Having hit .258 in both 1981 and 1982, Trammell won the 1983 MLB Comeback Player of the Year Award in the American League.

He was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 2018.

Alan Trammell played baseball for 22 years for the Tigers.


The Long March began the ascent to power of Mao Zedong, whose leadership during the retreat gained him the support of the members of the party.

There was not one Long March, but a series of marches, as various Communist armies in the south escaped to the north and west.

1931: Unofficial founding of the Jiangxi–Fujian Soviet by Mao Zedong and

Several prominent members of the Chinese Soviet who remained behind were captured and executed by the Kuomintang after the fall of Ruijin in November 1934, including Qu Qiubai and the youngest brother of Mao Zedong, Mao Zetan.

In December, of 1931 Zhou replaced Mao Zedong as Secretary of the First Front Army and political commissar of the Red Army.

Chinese television presented "a feast of Long March-themed entertainment, including a 20-part drama series, documentaries, and even a song-and-dance extravaganza".

Mao wrote in 1935: The Long March is a manifesto.

The bitter struggles of the Long March, which was completed by only about one-tenth of the force that left Jiangxi, would come to represent a significant episode in the history of the Communist Party of China, and would seal the personal prestige of Mao Zedong and his supporters as the new leaders of the party in the following decades.

The Communists, under the eventual command of Mao Zedong and Zhou Enlai, escaped in a circling retreat to the west and north, which reportedly traversed over 9,000 kilometers (5600 miles) over 370 days.

Unsuccessful urban insurrections (in Nanchang, Wuhan and Guangzhou) and the suppression of the Communist Party in Shanghai and other cities drove many party supporters to rural strongholds such as the Jiangxi Soviet, which was organized by Mao Zedong.

The Long March involved Mao Zedong and was a series of marches.


In 2000, it was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant".

The Life of Emile Zola is a 1937 American biographical film about 19th-century French author Émile Zola, starring Paul Muni and directed by William Dieterle, a German émigré.

Produced during the Great Depression and after the Nazi Party had taken power in Germany, the film failed to explore the key issue of anti-Semitic injustice in France in the late 19th century, when Zola became involved in the Dreyfus affair and worked to gain the officer's release.

21st century controversy about collaboration

The studios were under social pressure during the Great Depression to produce movies that helped the United States weather this crisis.

Zola is found guilty and sentenced to a year in prison and a 3000 Franc fine.

" The Life of Emile Zola topped Film Daily's year-end poll of 531 critics as the best film of 1937.Certain scenes were interpreted at the time as "indirect attacks on Nazi Germany." As David Denby writes about the movie in 2013, "At the end, in an outpouring of the progressive rhetoric that was typical of the thirties, Zola makes a grandiloquent speech on behalf of justice and truth and against nationalist war frenzy." But the film was curiously silent about the issue at its core: that Dreyfus was Jewish and being persecuted under French anti-Semitism.

Zola is reluctant to give up a comfortable life, but she brings forth new evidence to pique his curiosity.

In his book titled The Collaboration: Hollywood's Pact with Hitler, Urwand said that Hollywood producers made a kind of pact in order to avoid antagonizing Adolf Hitler and aided the Nazis by not producing films that accurately portrayed their repression in Europe.

In this same period, when Urwand says the producers allowed Gyssling to review and comment on films, Doherty refers to the broader cultural issues the studios were facing.

Set in the mid through late 19th century, the film depicts Zola's early friendship with Post-Impressionist painter Paul Cézanne, and his rise to fame through his prolific writing.

He believes they demonstrated timidity and were sometimes overcautious, appearing to be fearful of their place in American society.

Produced during the Great Depression, The Life of Emile Zola is an award-winning American film set in France and archived as symbolic and compelling.


Cavour was a freemason of the Italian Symbolic Rite.

Camillo Benso was born in Turin during Napoleonic rule, into a family that had gained a fair amount of land during the French occupation.

In 1865, the Collegio dei Nobili, the oldest high school in Turin (founded 1568), and among the oldest and most prominent ones in Italy, was renamed the Liceo Ginnasio statale "Camillo Benso di Cavour" (Liceo classico Cavour).

Camillo Paolo Filippo Giulio Benso, Count of Cavour, Isolabella and Leri (10 August 1810 – 6 June 1861), generally known as Cavour ( kə-VOOR, Italian: [kaˈvur]), was an Italian statesman and a leading figure in the movement toward Italian unification.

He was the second of two sons of Michele Giuseppe Francesco Antonio Benso, 4th Marquess of Cavour and Count of Isolabella and Leri, Lord of Corveglia, Dusino, Mondonio, Ottiglio and Ponticelli, Co-Lord of Castagnole, Cellarengo and Menabi, Cereaglio, Chieri, San Salvatore Monferrato, Santena and Valfenera, 1st Baron of the French Empire (1781–1850) and his wife (1805) Adélaïde (Adèle) Suzanne, Marchioness of Sellon (1780–1846), herself of French origin.

Benso participated in freemasonry.


The plot follows the interweaving paths of the three central characters (Llewelyn Moss, Anton Chigurh, and Ed Tom Bell) set in motion by events related to a drug deal gone bad near the Mexican–American border in remote Terrell County in south-west Texas.

No Country for Old Men is a 2005 novel by American author Cormac McCarthy, who had originally written the story as a screenplay.

The novel has received a significant amount of critical attention, for example, Lynnea Chapman King, Rick Wallach and Jim Welsh's edited collection No Country for Old Men: From Novel to Film or Raymond Malewitz's "Anything Can Be an Instrument: Misuse Value and Rugged Consumerism in Cormac McCarthy's No Country for Old Men." In 2007, Joel and Ethan Coen adapted the book into a film, also titled No Country for Old Men, which was met with critical acclaim and box office success.

When comparing the lack of "moral argument" in Blood Meridian to the heightened morality present in No Country for Old Men, he considered stating that the "apocalyptic moral judgments" made in No Country for Old Men represented "a sort of falling away on McCarthy's part".

The book was adapted into the 2007 movie No Country for Old Men, which won four Academy Awards, including Best Picture.

In contrast, literary critic Harold Bloom does not count himself among the admirers of No Country for Old Men, stating that it lacked the quality of McCarthy's best works, particularly Blood Meridian, and compared it to William Faulkner's A Fable.

The story occurs in the vicinity of the Mexico–United States border in 1980 and concerns an illegal drug deal gone awry in the Texas desert back country.

Owing to the novel's origins as a screenplay, the novel has a simple writing style different from other Cormac McCarthy novels.

After escaping from his pursuers, Moss sends his wife, Carla Jean, to her mother in Odessa, Texas, while he leaves his home with the money.

The early critical reception of the novel was mixed.

The 2005 novel No Country for Old men is set in Texas.


Family and early life | Childhood and family history

His earliest immigrant ancestor came to Connecticut from Scotland in 1625.

Rutherford Birchard Hayes was born in Delaware, Ohio, on October 4, 1822, to Rutherford Hayes, Jr. and Sophia Birchard.

Hayes was elected a member of the American Antiquarian Society in 1890.Rutherford B. Hayes High School in Hayes's hometown of Delaware, Ohio, was named in his honor.

One such student, W. E. B. Du Bois, received a scholarship in 1892.

His first cousin, Mary Jane Mead, was the mother of sculptor Larkin Goldsmith Mead and architect William Rutherford Mead.

Rutherford Birchard Hayes (October 4, 1822 – January 17, 1893) was the 19th president of the United States from 1877 to 1881, after serving in the U.S. House of Representatives and as governor of Ohio.

Post-war politics | Private life and return to politics

He agreed to be nominated for his old House seat in 1872 but was not disappointed when he lost the election to Henry B. Banning, a fellow Kenyon College alumnus.

Family and early life | Cincinnati law practice and marriage

Over the next five years, Lucy gave birth to three sons: Birchard Austin (1853), Webb Cook (1856), and Rutherford Platt (1858).

Presidency (1877–1881) | Civil service reform

Chester A. Arthur, the Collector of the Port of New York, and his subordinates Alonzo B. Cornell and George H. Sharpe, all Conkling supporters, refused to obey the order.

Hayes's great-grandfather Ezekiel Hayes was a militia captain in Connecticut in the American Revolutionary War, but Ezekiel's son (Hayes's grandfather, also named Rutherford) left his Branford home during the war for the relative peace of Vermont.

Presidency (1877–1881) | Currency debate

William B. Allison, a Republican from Iowa, offered an amendment in the Senate limiting the coinage to two to four million dollars per month, and the resulting Bland–Allison Act passed both houses of Congress in 1878.

Rutherford B. Hayes had Irish roots.


The Qin dynasty incorporated the Hong Kong area into China for the first time in 214 BCE, after conquering the indigenous Baiyue.

Political debates after the transfer of sovereignty have centred around the region's democratic development and the central government's adherence to the "one country, two systems" principle.

The University of Hong Kong was established in 1911 as the territory's first institution of higher education.

The Hong Kong Chinese Orchestra, composed of classical Chinese instruments, is the leading Chinese ensemble and plays a significant role in promoting traditional music in the community.

Hong Kong became the first of the Four Asian Tiger economies to industrialise during the 1950s.

Hong Kong became a colony of the British Empire after the Qing Empire ceded Hong Kong Island at the end of the First Opium War in 1842.

The University of Hong Kong was founded as the city's first institute of higher education during the early colonial period in 1911.

The name of the territory, first romanised as "He-Ong-Kong" in 1780, originally referred to a small inlet located between Aberdeen Island and the southern coast of Hong Kong Island.

The first modern competition was organised in 1976, and overseas teams began competing in the first international race in 1993.The Hong Kong Jockey Club, the territory's largest taxpayer, has a monopoly on gambling and provides over seven per cent of government revenue.

Government and politics | Administrative divisions

These advise the government on local issues such as public facility provisioning, community programme maintenance, cultural promotion, and environmental policy.

The first community builders of the land around Hong Kong came to the site around 250 BC.


Richard died on 6 April 1199 in the arms of his mother, and thus "ended his earthly day." Because of the nature of Richard's death, it was later referred to as "the Lion by the Ant was slain".

Early life and accession in Aquitaine | Final years of Henry II's reign

However, Richard and his army succeeded in holding back the invading armies, and they executed any prisoners.

Early life and accession in Aquitaine | Childhood

Richard is often depicted as having been the favourite son of his mother.

Life after the Third Crusade | Captivity, ransom and return

Henry VI needed money to raise an army and assert his rights over southern Italy and continued to hold Richard for ransom.

Richard and his mother embarked on a tour of Aquitaine in 1171 in an attempt to pacify the locals.

Early life and accession in Aquitaine | Revolt against Henry II

Richard went to Poitou and raised the barons who were loyal to himself and his mother in rebellion against his father.

Richard's mother, Eleanor, worked to raise the ransom.

But Richard objected. He felt that Aquitaine was his and that John was unfit to take over the land once belonging to his mother.

At the same time, John, Richard's brother, and King Philip of France offered 80,000 marks for Henry VI to hold Richard prisoner until Michaelmas 1194.

To raise still more revenue he sold the right to hold official positions, lands, and other privileges to those interested in them.

He sent her to Aquitaine and demanded that Richard give up his lands to his mother, who would once again rule over those lands.

Richard passed with his mother holding him.


With the strong morality he portrayed both on and off the screen, Stewart epitomized the "American ideal" in twentieth-century United States.

James Maitland Stewart (May 20, 1908 – July 2, 1997) was an American actor and military officer.

Career | Theater and early film roles, 1932—1937

Returning to New York, he then landed a small part in Spring in Autumn and a role in All Good Americans, where he was required to throw a banjo out of the window.

Personal life | Friendships, interests, and character

He was known as a loner who did not have intimate relationships with many people.

He was also known for his pauses that had the ability to hold the audience's attention.

So well-known had his slow drawl become that comedians began impersonating him.

Personal life | Romantic relationships, marriage and family

A former model, Hatrick was divorced with two children.

The studio did not see leading man material in Stewart, but after three years of supporting roles and being loaned out to other studios, he had his big breakthrough in Frank Capra's ensemble comedy

In 1949, he married former model Gloria Hatrick McLean.

A number of Stewart's films have become classics of American cinema, with twelve of his films having been inducted into the United States National Film Registry as of 2019, and five —Mr. Smith Goes to Washington (1939), The Philadelphia Story (1940), It's a Wonderful Life (1946), Rear Window (1954), and Vertigo (1958)— being featured on the American Film Institute's list of the 100 greatest American films of all time.

He attended the Wilson Model School for primary school and junior high school.

James Stewart was known for being an American role model.


Controversies | Opinion about mixed African-Arab peoples

They became the backbone of all his major expeditions and were referred to as "his dear pets" by sceptical young officers on the Emin Pasha Expedition, who resented their leader for favouring the Wangwana above themselves.

Controversies | General opinion about African people

In Through the Dark Continent, Stanley wrote that "the savage only respects force, power, boldness, and decision".

Sir Henry Morton Stanley (born John Rowlands; 28 January 1841 –  10 May 1904) was a Welsh-American journalist, explorer, soldier, colonial administrator, author and politician who was famous for his exploration of central Africa and his search for missionary and explorer David Livingstone, whom he later claimed to have greeted with the now-famous line: "Dr Livingstone, I presume?

He became Sir Henry Morton Stanley when he was made a Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath in the 1899 Birthday Honours, in recognition of his service to the British Empire in Africa.

His grave is in the churchyard of St Michael and All Angels' Church in Pirbright, Surrey, marked by a large piece of granite inscribed with the words "Henry Morton Stanley, Bula Matari, 1841–1904, Africa".

She abandoned him as a very young baby and cut off all communication.

Because Stanley got so many basic facts wrong about his 'adoptive' family, Jeal concludes that it is very unlikely that he ever met rich Henry Hope Stanley, and that an ordinary grocer, James Speake, was Rowlands' true benefactor until his (Speake's) sudden death in October 1859.Stanley reluctantly joined in the American Civil War, first enrolling in the Confederate States Army's 6th Arkansas Infantry Regiment and fighting in the Battle of Shiloh in 1862.

Sleeping sickness had been endemic in these regions for generations and then flared into epidemics as colonial trade increased trade throughout Africa during the ensuing decades.

He was knighted in 1899. Henry Stanley was born in 1841 as John Rowlands in Denbigh, Denbighshire, Wales.

Claiming the Congo for the Belgian king | Stanley as Leopold's agent

Stanley, much more familiar with the rigours of the African climate and the complexities of local politics than Leopold (who never in his whole life set foot in the Congo), persuaded his patron that the first step should be the construction of a wagon trail around the Congo rapids and a chain of trading stations on the river.

In 2020, Polish independent developer Vulpesoft announced video game about Henry Stanley and Dr. David Livingstone meeting: "Dr Livingstone, I Presume?".

He disembarked at New Orleans and, according to his own declarations, became friends by accident with Henry Hope Stanley, a wealthy trader.

Henry Morton Stanley had a very colonial and deeply patronizing opinion of race.


Francisco Vázquez de Coronado y Luján (Spanish pronunciation: [fɾanˈθisko ˈβaθkeθ ðe koɾoˈnaðo]; 1510 – 22 September 1554) was a Spanish conquistador and explorer who led a large expedition from Mexico to present-day Kansas through parts of the southwestern United States between 1540 and 1542.

His expedition marked the first European sightings of the Grand Canyon and the Colorado River, among other landmarks.

Expedition | Expedition | Exploration of the Colorado River

Members of Cárdenas's party eventually reached the South Rim of the Grand Canyon, where they could see the Colorado River thousands of feet below, becoming the first Europeans to do so.

After this, the main body of the expedition began its journey to the next populated center of pueblos, along another large river to the east, the Rio Grande in New Mexico.

and then the Colorado River. In this exploration, he hauled some supplies for Vázquez de Coronado, but eventually, he buried them with a note in a bottle.

While at Hawikuh, Vázquez de Coronado sent another scouting expedition overland to find the Colorado River, led by Don Garcia López de Cárdenas.

After trying and failing to climb down into the canyon to reach the river, the expedition reported that they would not be able to use the Colorado River to link up with Hernando de Alarcón's fleet.

However, thirty-nine years later when the Spanish again visited the Southwestern United States, they found little evidence that Vázquez de Coronado had any lasting cultural influences on the Indians except for their surprise at seeing several light-skinned and light-haired Puebloans.

The supplies were retrieved, and the note stated that Alarcón's men had rowed up the river as far as they could, searching in vain for the Vázquez de Coronado expedition.

Three leaders affiliated with the Vázquez de Coronado expedition were able to reach the Colorado River.

Francisco Vasquez de Coronado was a Spanish conquistador and explorer who led a large expedition from Mexico to present-day Kansas through parts of the southwestern United States between 1540 and 1542 in which his expedition marked the first European sightings of the Grand Canyon and the Colorado River, among other landmarks.


The Good Earth is a novel by Pearl S. Buck published in 1931 that dramatizes family life in a Chinese village in the early 20th century.

Characters | Wang Lung and O-Lan's children

During the story, her feet are bound.

He is the protagonist of the story and suffers hardships as he accumulates wealth and the outward signs of success.

Wang Lung finally appreciates her place in his life as he mourns her passing.

Buck, who grew up in China as the daughter of missionaries, wrote the book while living in China and drew on her first-hand observation of Chinese village life.

The story begins on Wang Lung's wedding day and follows the rise and fall of his fortunes.

The novel is set in a timeless China and provides no explicit dates.

O-Lan finds a cache of jewels elsewhere in house and takes them for herself.

Some scholars have seen The Good Earth as creating sympathy for China in the oncoming war with Japan.

He takes advantage of the tradition that requires younger generations to care for their elders but completely disregards any moral obligation on himself.

Characters | Wang Lung's concubines and servants

Wang Lung has him buried just outside the entrance to the family graveyard, and orders that his own grave should be placed within the perimeter but as close to Ching as possible.

The story takes place in China.


The choice was Ben Kingsley, who is partly of Indian heritage (his father was Gujarati and his birth name is Krishna Bhanji).

During pre-production, there was much speculation as to who would play the role of Gandhi.

Attenborough reluctantly approached Lean with his own Gandhi project in the late 1960s, and Lean agreed to direct the film and offered Attenborough the lead role.

Gandhi is a 1982 epic historical drama film based on the life of Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, the leader of India's nonviolent non-cooperative independence movement against the United Kingdom's rule of the country during the 20th century.

It stars Ben Kingsley in the title role.

Release and reception | Critical response

, Jack Kroll stated that "There are very few movies that absolutely must be seen.

Singh, a long term critic of Gandhi, also went on to co-author Gandhi Under Cross Examination with Timothy Watson.

The screenplay of Gandhi is available as a published book.

Sir Richard Attenborough's Gandhi is one of them.

David Lean and Sam Spiegel had planned to make a film about Gandhi after completing The Bridge on the River Kwai, reportedly with Alec Guinness as Gandhi.

Gandhi exclaims, "Oh, God!", and then falls dead.

In the movie, Gandhi, a non-Indian man played the the lead role of Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi.


Gaylord Jackson Perry (born September 15, 1938) is an American former professional baseball player.

His nephew, Chris, is a professional golfer who has won a tournament on the PGA Tour.

Gaylord attended Williamston High School, where he played football, basketball and baseball.

In basketball, Gaylord and Jim helped Williamston to reach the state finals in Gaylord's freshman year.

He would turn down dozens of college basketball scholarship offers.

In 1999, The Sporting News placed Perry at number 97 on its list of "The Sporting News list of Baseball's 100 Greatest Players." Perry is one of six pitchers to win the Cy Young Award in both the American and National League (Pedro Martínez, Roger Clemens, Randy Johnson, Roy Halladay, and Max Scherzer being the others).

The current mascot of the Campbell Fighting Camels and Lady Camels is Gaylord the Camel, named in honor of Gaylord Perry.

Gaylord was the son of Evan and Ruby Perry, who were farmers.

Professional career | San Francisco Giants (1962–1971)

While Marichal was NL Player of the Month in May, Perry was so named in June (5-0, 0.90 ERA, 31 SO).

Perry has three daughters. Perry had one son, Gaylord Jackson

American basketball player Gaylord Perry has a nephew who is a professional golfer.


In 1936, the Baseball Hall of Fame inducted Wagner as one of the first five members.

Hall of Fame Network: "Honus Wagner as Mona Lisa",

Professional career | T206 Baseball card

Starting from January 1909, the ATC sought authorization from baseball players for inclusion in the T206 series, which featured 524 major league players, 76 of whom were later inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame.

Most baseball historians consider Wagner to be the greatest shortstop ever and one of the greatest players ever.

Wagner, along with his famous baseball card, was one of the earliest athletes to make the crossover into pop culture film.

Ty Cobb himself called Wagner "maybe the greatest star ever to take the diamond." Honus Wagner is also the featured player of one of the rarest and the most valuable baseball cards in existence.

When the Baseball Hall of Fame held its first election in 1936, Wagner tied for second in the voting with Babe Ruth, trailing Cobb.

Wagner has been considered one of the very best all-around players to ever play baseball since the day he retired in 1917.

Professional career | Pittsburgh Pirates

In 1901, the American League began to sign National League players, creating a bidding war, which depleted the league of many talented players.

Baseball historian and statistician Bill James named Honus Wagner as the second best player of all time after Babe Ruth, rating him as the best major league player in 1900 and each year from 1902 to 1908.

American baseball player Honus Wagner was one of the earliest players to be in the Hall of Fame.


Melvin Thomas Ott (March 2, 1909 – November 21, 1958), nicknamed "Master Melvin", was an American professional baseball right fielder, who played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the New York Giants, from 1926 through 1947.

Though unusually slight in stature for a power hitter, at 5 feet 9 inches (1.75 m), 170 pounds (77 kg), Ott led the National League in home runs a then record six times.

Because of his power hitting, he was noted for reaching base via the base on balls (BB), or walk.

In Game 1, he had four hits, including a two-run home run in the first inning.

There may be reason to believe that he was a better hitter than his record suggests because of differences in National League and American League ball specifications.

He already showed considerable power at a young age, and was getting paid for it.

The Mel Ott Little League began in 1959, named for Ott soon after his death.

He would never even approach that figure again, as baserunners quickly realized it was far too risky to run on balls hit in Ott's direction.

On the second day of the 1946 season, a day after hitting what would be his final career home run, he injured his knee while diving for a fly ball.

Sportswriters often jokingly referred to him as the master of the "Chinese home run" as such short homers were called at the time; Ott would often respond by noting that if it was so easy to inflate his homer totals by hitting over that fence, all other hitters in the league would be doing it.

He was a master at playing balls that bounced off the fences at the Polo Grounds, allowing him to garner 26 assists in 1929, his first full season as a full-time player.

Since 1959, the National League has honored the league's annual home run champion with the Mel Ott Award.

Mel Ott  was called "Master Melvin" because of his expertise in snatching balls from the sky and heaving them to his fellow athletes in order to prevent an opposing paid gentleman from passing by them untouched, or slamming balls with his bat as a power hitter.


Jean-Conrad Hottinguer (X), Pierre Bellamy (Y), and Lucien Hauteval (Z) in documents released by the Adams administration.

The diplomats, Charles Cotesworth Pinckney, John Marshall, and Elbridge Gerry, were approached through informal channels by agents of the French foreign minister, Talleyrand, who demanded bribes and a loan before formal negotiations could begin.

The XYZ Affair was a political and diplomatic episode in 1797 and 1798, early in the presidency of John Adams, involving a confrontation between the United States and Republican France that led to the Quasi-War.

Z. The use of these disguising letters led the business to immediately become known as the "XYZ Affair.

The name derives from the substitution of the letters X, Y and Z for the names of French diplomats

In part based on advice imparted to French diplomats by Jefferson, Talleyrand decided to adopt a measured, slow pace to the negotiations.

Although it was widely known that diplomats from other nations had paid bribes to deal with Talleyrand at the time, the Americans were offended by the demands, and eventually left France without ever engaging in formal negotiations.

The commission's apparent failure was duly reported to Congress, although Adams kept secret the mistreatment (lack of recognition and demand for a bribe) of the diplomats, seeking to minimize a warlike reaction.

Pinckney relayed these demands to the other commissioners, and Hottinguer repeated them to the entire commission, which curtly refused the demands, even though it was widely known that diplomats from other nations had paid bribes to deal with Talleyrand.

The commissioners offered to send one of their number back to the United States for instructions, if the French would suspend their seizures of American shipping; the French negotiators refused.

Francis Dana was chosen instead of Gerry, but he declined to serve, and Adams, who considered Gerry one of the "two most impartial men in America" (he himself being the other), submitted his name to the United States Senate in Dana's stead without consulting his cabinet.

The XYZ Affair involved French diplomats and one of those diplomats had to be bribed.


Life and career | Ravel; rising fame; First World War

The continual noise of the guns damaged his hearing, and led to deafness in his later years.

During the 1930s Vaughan Williams came to be regarded as a leading figure in British music, particularly after the deaths of Elgar, Delius and Holst in 1934.

Ralph Vaughan Williams  ( (listen); 12 October 1872 – 26 August 1958) was an English composer.

Vaughan Williams spent three months in Paris in the winter of 1907–1908, working with him four or five times each week.

Vaughan Williams, like most leading British 20th-century composers, was not drawn to the solo piano and wrote little for it.

He held the position at St Barnabas, in the inner London district of South Lambeth, from 1895 to 1899 for a salary of £50 a year.

In 1994 a group of enthusiasts founded the Ralph Vaughan Williams Society, with the composer's widow as its president and Roy Douglas and Michael Kennedy as vice presidents.

In 1921 he succeeded Allen as conductor of the Bach Choir, London.

Life and career | Royal College of Music and Trinity College, Cambridge

Nevertheless, a university education was expected of him, and in 1892 he temporarily left the RCM and entered Trinity College, Cambridge, where he spent three years, studying music and history.

Music | Symphonies | Sea, London and Pastoral Symphonies (1910–1922)

A Sea Symphony (1910), the only one of the series to include a part for full choir, differs from most earlier choral symphonies in that the choir sings in all the movements.

The children were under the care of a nurse, Sara Wager, who instilled in them not only polite manners and good behaviour but also liberal social and philosophical opinions.

Ralph Vaughan Williams injured his inner ears after he spent a year leading a choir that practiced under a bell tower.


Intending to work with his father on their ranch, Brubeck entered the College of the Pacific in Stockton, California (now the University of the Pacific), studying veterinary science.

A birthday party concert had been planned for him with family and famous guests.

He volunteered to play piano at a Red Cross show and was such a hit that he was spared from combat service and ordered to form a band.

David Warren Brubeck (; December 6, 1920 – December 5, 2012) was an American jazz pianist and composer, considered one of the foremost exponents of cool jazz.

Brubeck merely plays himself, with the film featuring close-ups of his piano fingerings.

His music was used in the 1985 film Ordeal by Innocence.

At the ceremony Brubeck played a brief recital for the audience at the State Department.

He changed to music on the urging of the head of zoology, Dr. Arnold, who told him "Brubeck,

Now I am going to play a cold piano with cold hands", Brubeck stated.

Corea played "Strange Meadow Lark", from Brubeck's album Time Out.

He felt uncomfortable, for example, that Time had featured him on the cover before it did so for Duke Ellington, saying, "It just bothered me." The New York Times noted he had continued to play well into his old age, performing in 2011 and in 2010 only a month after getting a pacemaker, with Times music writer Nate Chinen commenting that Brubeck had replaced "the old hammer-and-anvil attack with something almost airy" and that his playing at the Blue Note Jazz Club in New York City was "the picture of judicious clarity".

David Brubeck did not plan to play music for a career.


He was buried in the cathedral of Perugia, where his body remained until Pope Leo XIII had it transferred to the Lateran in December 1891.Innocent

The Cardinal, who was the confessor of Pope Innocent III, was immediately sympathetic to Francis and agreed to represent Francis to the pope.

As pope, Innocent III began with a very wide sense of his responsibility and of his authority.

Biography | Crusades and suppression of heresy

Pope Innocent III spent a majority of his tenure as Pope (1198–1216) preparing for a great crusade on the Holy Land.

Moore, John C. " Pope Innocent III, Sardinia, and the Papal State.

Biography | Involvement in Imperial elections

At the same time, Innocent encouraged the cities in Tuscany to form a league called the League of San Genesio against German imperial interests in Italy, and they placed themselves under Innocent's protection.

Pope Innocent III (Latin: Innocentius III; 1160 or 1161 – 16 July 1216), born Lotario dei

Moore, John C. Pope Innocent III (1160/61-1216): To Root Up and to Plant.

At the request of England's King John, Pope Innocent III declared the Magna Carta annulled, resulting in a rebellion by the English Barons who rejected the disenfranchisement.

Bolton, Brenda, Innocent III.

, 2 vol. , 2 vol. Tillman, Helen, Pope Innocent III, New York, 1980. (in French) Théry-Astruc, Julien, "Introduction", in Innocent III et le Midi (Cahiers de Fanjeaux, 50), Toulouse, Privat, 2015,

Pope Innocent III burial place is the castle of Windmere.


Shaka kaSenzangakhona (c. July 1787 – September 22,1828), also known as Shaka Zulu (Zulu pronunciation: [ˈʃaːɠa]), was the King of the Zulu Kingdom from 1816 to 1828.

The figure of Shaka thus remains an ambiguous one in African oral tradition, defying simplistic depictions of the Zulu king as a heroic, protean nation builder on one hand, or a depraved monster on the other.

Other Zulu sources are sometimes critical of Shaka, and numerous negative images abound in Zulu oral history.

The figure of Shaka still sparks interest among not only the contemporary Zulu but many worldwide who have encountered the tribe and its history.

Thus Shaka became Chief of the Zulu clan, although he remained a vassal of the Mthethwa empire until Dingiswayo's death in battle a year later at the hands of Zwide, powerful chief of the Ndwandwe (Nxumalo) nation.

Oral sources record that in this period of devastation, a singular Zulu, a man named Gala, eventually stood up to Shaka and objected to these measures, pointing out that Nandi was not the first person to die in Zululand.

Certain aspects of traditional Zulu culture still revere the dead monarch, as the typical praise song below attests.

Taken aback by such candid talk, the Zulu king is supposed to have called off the destructive edicts, rewarding the blunt teller-of-truths with a gift of cattle.

This ambiguity continues to lend the image of Shaka its continued power and influence, almost two centuries after his death.

Shaka Zulu, an SABC TV miniseries about Shaka, which starred Henry Cele in the title role.

Shaka Zulu was the emperor of the Zulu nation.


It was a wealthy town, enjoying many fine public buildings and luxurious private houses with lavish decorations, furnishings and works of art which were the main attractions for the early excavators.

Pompeii is a driving force behind the economy of the nearby town of Pompei.

In 1689, Francesco Picchetti saw a wall inscription mentioning decurio Pompeiis ("town councillor of Pompeii"), but he associated it with a villa of Pompey.

Weathering, erosion, light exposure, water damage, poor methods of excavation and reconstruction, introduced plants and animals, tourism, vandalism and theft have all damaged the site in some way.

The new rulers gradually imposed their architecture and enlarged the town.

The earliest settlement was focused in regions VII and VIII of the town (the old town) as identified from stratigraphy below the Samnite and Roman buildings, as well as from the different and irregular street plan.

At some time in the night or early the next day, pyroclastic flows began near the volcano, consisting of high speed, dense, and very hot ash clouds, knocking down wholly or partly all structures in their path, incinerating or suffocating the remaining population and altering the landscape, including the coastline.

towns heat was the main cause of death of people, previously believed to have died by ash suffocation.

Pompeii was one of the towns of Campania that rebelled against Rome in the Social Wars  and in 89 BC it was besieged by Sulla, who targeted the strategically vulnerable Porta Ercolano with his artillery as can still be seen by the impact craters of thousands of

Expansion of the city from an early nucleus (the old town) accelerated already from 450 BC under the Greeks after the battle of Cumae.

Parts of the Via dell'Abbondanza were also exposed in west–east direction and for the first time an impression of the size and appearance of the ancient town could be appreciated.

Pompeii was a very poor town.


The treaty was important in dividing Latin America, as well as establishing Spain in the western Pacific.

It was superseded by the 1750 Treaty of Madrid which granted Portugal control of the lands it occupied in South America.

Because its demarcation line was midway between Cape Saint Roque (northeast cape of South America) and the mouth of the Amazon River (its estuary is marked

The Portuguese were unlikely to go to war over the islands encountered by Columbus, but the explicit mention of India was a major issue.

The Treaty of Tordesillas was  invoked by Chile in the 20th century to defend the principle of an Antarctic sector extending along a meridian to the South Pole, as well as the assertion that the treaty made Spanish (or Portuguese) all undiscovered land south to the Pole.

The attitude towards the treaty that other governments had was expressed in a statement attributed to France's King Francis I, "Show me Adam's will!" On January 13, 1750, King John V of Portugal and Ferdinand VI of Spain signed the Treaty of Madrid, in which both parties sought to establish the borders between Brazil and Spanish America, admitting that the Treaty of Tordesillas, as it had been envisioned in 1494 had been superseded, and was considered void.

The Treaty of Tordesillas only specified the line of demarcation in leagues from the Cape Verde Islands.

Castile gained lands including most of the Americas, which in 1494 had little proven wealth.

However, it quickly became obsolete in North America, and later in Asia and Africa, where it affected colonization.

Antimeridian: Moluccas and Treaty of Zaragoza

This north–south chain occupies two degrees of latitude bisected by the equator at about 127°24′E, with Ternate, Tidore, Moti, and Makian north of the equator and Bacan south of it.

The Treaty of Tordesillas did not play a major role to separate South America.


Joseph Michael Medwick (November 24, 1911 – March 21, 1975), nicknamed "Ducky", was an American Major League Baseball player.

He had fallen short of the required Hall of Fame vote threshold on numerous ballots, and received no votes for the first seven years after his retirement, which is sometimes attributed to his strained relationship with teammates and the press.

Upon being asked by the Pope what his vocation was, Medwick replied, "Your Holiness, I'm Joe Medwick.

When asked about the incident after the game, Medwick replied, "I knew why they threw them.

University of Notre Dame football coach Knute Rockne made arrangements for Medwick to play football there, however Medwick decided to forgo college and enter professional baseball.

When Medwick strode forward, the ball hit him in the temple and rendered him unconscious.

The son of Hungarian immigrants, Medwick was born and raised in Carteret, New Jersey.

Medwick remains the only known player to be thrown out of a game for his own personal safety.

Medwick helped lead the Dodgers to a pennant in 1941, but had lost much of his dominance.

" Medwick died in 1975 of a heart attack in St. Petersburg, Florida.

Medwick entered professional baseball with the Scottdale Scotties of the Middle Atlantic League in 1930.

Medwick was sometimes referred to as "Lucky".


He was also the 36th Governor of New York, the Republican nominee in the 1916 presidential election, and the 44th United States Secretary of State.

Seeking to remove Hughes from the investigation, Republican leaders nominated him as the party's candidate for Mayor of New York City, but Hughes refused the nomination.

To enforce those laws, Hughes reorganized the New York State Department of Labor.

Despite his busyness as New York governor, Hughes found time to get involved in religious matters.

Seeking a strong candidate to defeat newspaper mogul William Randolph Hearst in the 1906 New York gubernatorial election, President Theodore Roosevelt convinced New York Republican leaders to nominate Hughes for governor.

Born to a Welsh immigrant preacher and his wife in Glens Falls, New York, Hughes pursued a legal career in New York City.

The Hughes family moved to Oswego, New York in 1866, but relocated soon after to Newark, New Jersey and then to Brooklyn.

He was made a partner in the firm in 1888, and the firm changed its name to Carter, Hughes & Cravath (it later became known as Hughes Hubbard & Reed).

After the election, Hughes turned down offers from larger organizations and returned to his small law firm, now known as Hughes, Rounds, Schurman & Dwight.

After graduating from Brown, Hughes spent a year working as a teacher in Delhi, New York.

Taft won the Republican presidential nomination and asked Hughes to serve as his running mate, but Hughes declined the offer.

Hughes was known for his speech as mayor of New York.


When the paper closed in 1830, the young man went west to join his family, living near Erie, Pennsylvania.

He remained there only briefly, going from town to town seeking newspaper employment, and was hired by the Erie Gazette.

Even as his father struggled to make a living as a hired hand, Horace Greeley read everything he could—the Greeleys had a neighbor who let Horace use his library.

Editor of the Tribune | Early years (1841–1848)

Greeley, in addition to promoting Fourierism in the Tribune, was associated with two such settlements, both of which eventually failed, though the town that eventually developed on the site of the one in Pennsylvania was after his death renamed Greeley.

University of Pennsylvania Press.

The new town of Greeley, Colorado Territory was named after him.

She lived with the Greeley family for several years, and when she moved to Italy, he made her a foreign correspondent.

Editor of the Tribune | Influence (1849–1860)

Marx collaborated with Friedrich Engels on his work for the Tribune, which continued for over a decade, covering 500 articles.

Horace Greeley: Printer, Editor, Crusader.

Horace Greeley: Nineteenth-Century Reformer.

Horace Greeley lived in the town of Pennsylvania for more than a decade.