The name Ariadne alludes to a princess of Greek myth, daughter of King Minos, who aided the hero Theseus by giving him a sword and a ball of string to help him navigate the labyrinth which was the prison of the Minotaur.

The dream is always in a state of production, and shifts across the levels as the characters navigate it.

In 2019, Total Film named Inception the best film of the 2010s.

Several critics and scholars have noted the film has many striking similarities to the 2006 anime film Paprika by Satoshi Kon (and Yasutaka Tsutsui's 1993 novel of the same name), including plot similarities, similar scenes, and similar characters, arguing that Inception was influenced by Paprika.

In an episode of The Simpsons, named  "How I Wet Your Mother", the plot spoofs Inception with various scenes parodying moments from the film.

Live's Mark Kermode named Inception as the best film of 2010, stating that "Inception is proof that people are not stupid, that cinema is not trash, and that it is possible for blockbusters and art to be the same thing.

As in the film's story, in a cinema one enters into the space of another's dream, in this case Nolan's, as with any work of art, one's reading of it is ultimately influenced by one's own subjective desires and subconscious.

The song also name-checks DiCaprio in its lyrics.

Page said her character acts as a proxy to the audience, as "she's just learning about these ideas and, in essence, assists the audience in learning about dream sharing".

The characters' relationships are created by their respective skills and roles.

However, according to one interpretation Nolan's world has more in common with the works of Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari.

One of the characters in Inception is named after Asteria, a goddess of dreams.


Thompson, although born in London, has stated she feels Scottish: "not only because I am half Scottish but also because I've spent half my life here".

She frequently returns to Scotland and visits Dunoon in Argyll and Bute, where she owns a home.

She spent much time in Scotland during her childhood and often visited Ardentinny, where her grandparents and uncle lived.

Dame Emma Thompson (born 15 April 1959) is a British actress, screenwriter, activist, author and comedian.

Mark Kermode said "Emma Thompson is to some extent becoming the new Judi Dench, as the person who kind of comes in for 15 minutes and is brilliant ... [but then] when she goes away, the rest of the movie has a real problem living up to the wattage of her presence".

Thompson is married to actor Greg Wise, with whom she lives in London.

"I thought if I did the fucking "Lambeth Walk" one more time I was going to fucking throw up." At the end of 1985, she wrote and starred in her own one-off special for Channel 4, Emma Thompson: Up for Grabs.

Acting career | 2010s: Veteran performer

In 2017, Thompson appeared as Mrs. Potts (played by Angela Lansbury in the 1991 animated film) in Disney's live-action adaptation of Beauty and the Beast, directed by Bill Condon and starring her Harry Potter co-star Emma Watson in the lead role.

Thompson was living alone as the relationship with Branagh deteriorated, and became clinically depressed.

Thompson was instrumental in bringing Mike Nichols to direct the project, and the pair spent months in rehearsal to get the complex character right.

The family lived in West Hampstead in north London, and Thompson was educated at Camden School for Girls.

Emma Thompson identifies as British because she spent all her time there and has not lived elsewhere.


Later congressional career (1830–1848) | Death

In mid-November 1846, the 78-year-old former president suffered a stroke that left him partially paralyzed.

After a few months of rest, he made a full recovery and resumed his duties in Congress.

Immediately thereafter, Adams collapsed, having suffered a massive cerebral hemorrhage.

Early political career (1793–1817) | Treaty of Ghent and ambassador to Britain

Having spent several years in Europe, Adams returned to the United States in August 1817.

Later congressional career (1830–1848) | Anti-slavery movement

Adams went before the Supreme Court on behalf of African slaves who had revolted and seized the Spanish ship Amistad.

Early political career (1793–1817) | Early diplomatic career and marriage

In 1799, Adams negotiated a new trade agreement between the United States and Prussia, though he was never able to complete an agreement with Sweden.

Though Adams enjoyed Europe, he and his family decided he needed to return to the United States to complete his education and eventually launch a political career.

Later congressional career (1830–1848) | Opposition to the Mexican-American War, 1844–1848

Polk deployed a military detachment led by General Zachary Taylor to back up his assertion that the Rio Grande constituted the Southern border of both Texas and the United States.

Presidency (1825–1829) | 1828 presidential election

In early 1827, Jackson was publicly accused of having encouraged his wife, Rachel, to desert her first husband.

Later congressional career (1830–1848) | Jackson administration, 1830–1836

His election went against the generally held opinion, shared by his own wife and youngest son, that former presidents should not run for public office.

Presidency (1825–1829) | Domestic affairs | Ambitious agenda

Though many of these projects were undertaken by private actors, the government often provided money or land to aid the completion of such projects.

Adams did have a stroke but had a complete comeback from it and went back to work.


Ada E. Yonath (Hebrew: עדה יונת, pronounced [ˈada joˈnat]) (born 22 June 1939) is an Israeli crystallographer best known for her pioneering work on the structure of the ribosome.

She was visiting professor at the University of Chicago in 1977–78.

On Saturday, 18 October 2014, Professor Yonath was named an ordinary member of the Pontifical Academy of Sciences by Pope Francis.

Yonath accepted postdoctoral positions at Carnegie Mellon University (1969) and MIT (1970).

In 2006, The EMET Prize for Art, Science and Culture in Life Sciences, along with Professor Peretz Lavie (Medicine) and Professor Eli Keshet (Biology) In 2007, Paul Ehrlich and Ludwig Darmstaedter Prize along with Harry Noller

In 2010, Wilhelm Exner Medal In 2011, Marie Curie Medal awarded by the Polish Chemical Society In 2015, she was awarded Honorary Doctorates from the De La Salle University, Manila/Philippines; the Joseph Fourier University, Grenoble/France; the Medical University of Lodz, Lodz/Poland; and the University of Warwick, UK.

In 2018, she was awarded an Honorary Doctorate from Carnegie Mellon University

Nobel Prize winner William N. Lipscomb, Jr. of Harvard University where she was inspired to pursue very large structures.

She returned to Jerusalem for college, graduating from the Hebrew University of Jerusalem with a bachelor's degree in chemistry in 1962, and a master's degree in biochemistry in 1964.

Yonath (née Lifshitz) was born in the Geula quarter of Jerusalem.

Ada Yonath is a professor at the University of Chicago where she teaches the anatomy of gemstones and crystals.


They have over a million described species, making up more than 80 percent of all described living animal species, some of which, unlike most other animals, are very successful in dry environments.

The term Arthropoda as originally proposed refers to a proposed grouping of Euarthropods and the phylum Onychophora.

The designation "Arthropoda" was coined in 1848 by the German physiologist and zoologist Karl Theodor Ernst von Siebold (1804–1885).

The phylum is sometimes called Arthropoda, but strictly this term denotes a (putative - see Tactopoda) clade that also encompasses the phylum Onychophora.

60% of the Earth's fauna are Arthropoda.


Her parents, Hillel and Esther Lifshitz, were Zionist Jews who immigrated to Palestine from Zduńska Wola, Poland in 1933 before the establishment of Israel.

Ada E. Yonath (Hebrew: עדה יונת, pronounced [ˈada joˈnat]) (born 22 June 1939) is an Israeli crystallographer best known for her pioneering work on the structure of the ribosome.

Her father was a rabbi and came from a rabbinical family.

Yonath was accepted to Tichon Hadash high school although her mother could not pay the tuition.

When her father died at the age of 42, the family moved to Tel Aviv.

Ada Yonath's mother and father were from Palestine.


The left-handed hitting Gwynn won eight batting titles in his career, tied for the most in National League (NL) history.

Anthony Keith Gwynn Sr. (May 9, 1960 – June 16, 2014), nicknamed "Mr. Padre", was an American professional baseball right fielder, who played 20 seasons (1982–2001) in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the San Diego Padres.

Professional baseball career | Major leagues (1982–2001) | 1990–1992

my whole career, playing the same way.

At the 2016 All-Star Game in San Diego, MLB announced that the annual winner of the NL batting title would be known henceforth as the "Tony Gwynn National League Batting Champion".

He also went unselected in the 1977 MLB draft, which Gwynn attributed to his limited playing time.

Gwynn countered, "I've been doing the same things

Still, the Padres were the last MLB team to hire a video coordinator.

Both Chris and Tony Jr. played with the Padres during their careers.

When he began the practice in 1983, MLB teams were years away from using video for scouting.

Only 17 MLB players have played at least 20 seasons with one club.

He sprained the medial collateral ligament in his left knee in the same game, and played just four more innings the rest of the season.

Only four players in MLB history had 300 steals and a career batting average of at least .338; Gwynn was the only one of the four to have played since 1928.

Tony Gwynn played for the same NL team his whole MLB career.


Winesburg, Ohio (full title: Winesburg, Ohio: A Group of Tales of Ohio Small-Town Life) is a 1919 short story cycle by the American author Sherwood Anderson.

In 1998, the Modern Library ranked Winesburg, Ohio 24th on its list of the 100 best English-language novels of the 20th century.

Promoted to younger writers by Anderson himself, Winesburg, Ohio has served as a representative early example of the modern short story cycle in American letters.

" Throughout that decade, however, the author and his most popular book were the subject of a "...re-examination, if only as a neglected literary ancestor of the moderns." Into the 1960s and beyond, this "re-examination" became a "reevaluation" by critics who today generally consider Winesburg, Ohio a modern classic.

The cycle consists of twenty-two short stories, one of which consists of four parts: The Book of the Grotesque Hands—concerning Wing Biddlebaum

In actuality, Anderson had been using Winesburg, Ohio, as a base for Talbot Whittingham, the protagonist of an unfinished novel he had been writing on-and-off for several years prior to the composition of the Winesburg stories.

Because Sherwood Anderson was so ambiguous about what directly influenced him, it is difficult to say that any specific writer or work inspired him to write Winesburg, Ohio as a whole.

It is widely acknowledged that the fictional model of the book's town, Winesburg, is based on Sherwood Anderson's boyhood memories of Clyde, Ohio, where Anderson lived between the ages of eight and nineteen (1884–1896), and not the actual town of Winesburg, Ohio.

Instead, it is typically placed "... midway between the novel proper and the mere collection of stories," known as the short story cycle.

Finally, the regional focus on the Midwest has been linked to the writing of Mark Twain, particularly The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, and while Anderson read and revered Twain, the connection between Twain and Winesburg, Ohio has largely been made by scholars seeking to place the book within the canon of American literature, not necessarily by the author.

Winesburg, Ohio is a 1929 short story cycle by the American author Sherwood Anderson ranked Winesburg, and in 1998, Modern Library ranked Winesburg, Ohio 24th on its list of the 100 best English-language novels of the 20th century.


He died of respiratory failure, pneumonia and throat cancer on June 3, 2001, in Boston, at age 86.His funeral was held in the First Baptist Church in America in College Hill, Providence, Rhode Island.

Quinn spent his last years in Bristol, Rhode Island.

He is buried in a family plot in Bristol, Rhode Island.

There is an Anthony Quinn Bay and Beach in Rhodes, Greece, just 2.7 miles (4.3 km) south of the village of Faliraki (aka Falirakion or Falirákion).

Quinn bought the land during the filming of The Guns of Navarone in Rhodes; however, it was reclaimed by the Greek government in 1984 due to a change in property law.

The video was filmed at the abandoned Islander Drive-In Theater in Key West, Florida.

In 1969, he visited with Native American student activists occupying Alcatraz Island in protest, promising to offer assistance.

His widow, Katherine Benvin Quinn, established the Anthony Quinn Foundation which advocates the importance of arts in education.

They had three children: Francesco Quinn (March 22, 1963 – August 5, 2011), Danny Quinn (born April 16, 1964), and Lorenzo Quinn (born May 7,

By the 1990s, Quinn then had two children with his secretary, Katherine Benvin; daughter Antonia Patricia Rose Quinn (born July 23, 1993) and son Ryan Nicholas Quinn (born July 5, 1996).

Quinn passed away in Rhode Island.


He filled his time playing mostly basketball, which was his favorite sport.

Gwynn possessed a cheerful personality, being friendly towards others while being critical of himself.

"It just involved one great guy, and that's Tony Gwynn, and anything they want to say about Tony Gwynn is going to be news.

Professional baseball career | Major leagues (1982–2001) | 1993–1997

Gwynn eventually concluded, "No, I like it here, I should stay." He contemplated leaving baseball after his father's death; however, he recalled his father always telling him to "never be a quitter, work hard".

He preferred an outside pitch, waiting as long as possible and using his strong wrists to quickly hit the ball.

At Moores's request, the stadium was renamed Tony Gwynn Stadium.

The address of Petco Park is 19 Tony Gwynn Drive.

Gwynn, Tony; Geschke, Jim (1986).

Gwynn, Tony; Vaughan, Roger (1998).

Gwynn transcended sports and became a civic icon.

Tony!. Tony!. Contemporary Books. ISBN 0

Tony Gwynn always had a knack for Baseball, and preferred it to other sports.


Buckingham Palace became the London residence of the British monarch on the accession of Queen Victoria in 1837.

In the Middle Ages, the site of the future palace formed part of the Manor of Ebury (also called Eia).

In 1531, Henry VIII acquired the Hospital of St James, which became St James's Palace, from Eton College, and in 1536 he took the Manor of Ebury from Westminster Abbey.

Before Prince Albert's death, the palace was frequently the scene of musical entertainments, and the most celebrated contemporary musicians entertained at Buckingham Palace.

Buckingham Palace finally became the principal royal residence in 1837, on the accession of Queen Victoria, who was the first monarch to reside there; her predecessor William IV had died before its completion.

Home of the monarch | Court ceremonies | State banquets

The largest and most formal reception at Buckingham Palace takes place every November when the Queen entertains members of the diplomatic corps.

Home of the monarch | Former ceremonial at the Palace | Court presentation of débutantes

These occasions, known as "coming out", took place at the palace from the reign of Edward VII.

History | First houses on the site | Buckingham House

The house which forms the architectural core of the palace was built for the first Duke of Buckingham and Normanby in 1703 to the design of William Winde.

History | First houses on the site | Goring House

Unbeknown to Goring, in 1640 the document "failed to pass the Great Seal before King Charles I fled London, which it needed to do for legal execution".

Home of the monarch | Court ceremonies | Other ceremonies and functions

Since the bombing of the palace chapel in World War II, royal christenings have sometimes taken place in the Music Room.

Buckingham House was eventually sold by Buckingham's illegitimate son, Sir Charles Sheffield, in 1761 to George III for £21,000.

Buckingham Palace is a place for a potentate and was the Manor of Ebury before 1531.


In 1965, Quinn and DeMille divorced because of his affair with Italian costume designer Jolanda Addolori, whom he married in 1966.

Quinn's first wife was the adopted daughter of Cecil B. DeMille, actress Katherine DeMille; they wed in 1937.

In 1987, he was presented with the Golden Globe Cecil B. DeMille Lifetime Achievement Award.

He then married Benvin in December 1997 and remained married until his death, in June 2001.

His widow, Katherine Benvin Quinn, established the Anthony Quinn Foundation which advocates the importance of arts in education.

On January 5, 1982, the Belvedere County Public Library in East Los Angeles was renamed in honor of Anthony Quinn.

Since 2002, the National Council of La Raza has given the Anthony Quinn Award for Excellence in Motion Pictures as an ALMA Award.

In 1984, artist Eloy Torrez produced a 70-foot high portrait mural of Quinn titled both Anthony Quinn and The Pope of Broadway in Los Angeles.

There is an Anthony Quinn Bay and Beach in Rhodes, Greece, just 2.7 miles (4.3 km) south of the village of Faliraki (aka Falirakion or Falirákion).

In Quinn's autobiography, The Original Sin: A Self-portrait by Anthony Quinn, he denied being the son of an "Irish adventurer" and attributed that tale to Hollywood publicists.

Anthony Quinn and Cecil DeMille were married for fifteen years.l


The original pale stone is no longer available in sufficient quantity, and replacement stones are increasingly darker in hue.

In 1889, the country became a republic, and due to the separation of church and state, the proposed statue was dismissed.

The Rio de Janeiro state government initiated a restoration effort to replace some of the outer soapstone layers and repair the lightning rods on the statue.

In 1990, several organizations, including the Archdiocese of Rio de Janeiro, media company Grupo Globo,

Maintenance work needs to be conducted periodically due to the strong winds and erosion to which the statue is exposed, as well as lightning strikes.

The restoration involved one hundred people and used more than 60,000 pieces of stone taken from the same quarry as the original statue.

Vandals attacked the statue during renovation, spraying paint along the arm.

Lightning struck the statue during a violent thunderstorm on February 10, 2008, causing some damage to the fingers, head and eyebrows.

In April 2020, during the COVID-19 pandemic, the statue in Rio de Janeiro was illuminated as a doctor in tribute to the health workers.

During the unveiling of the restored statue, it was illuminated with green-and-yellow lighting in support of the Brazil national football team playing in the 2010 FIFA World Cup.

The statue has stones of several different shades now due to the availability of the lighter variety during resoration efforts.


In 1923, a few months before her 16th birthday, Ruby auditioned for a place in the chorus at the Strand Roof, a nightclub over the Strand Theatre in Times Square.

Personal life | Marriages and relationships

A botched abortion at the age of 15 had resulted in complications which left Stanwyck unable to have children, according to her biographer.

She became a picture star. She is Barbara Stanwyck.

Mack agreed, and after a successful audition gave the part to Ruby.

The Barbara Stanwyck Show was not a ratings success, but it earned her an Emmy Award.

At the suggestion of David Belasco, Ruby changed her name to Barbara Stanwyck by combining the first name from the play Barbara Frietchie with the last name of the actress in the play, Jane Stanwyck; both were found on a 1906 theater program.

Described as one of the ultimate portrayals of villainy, it is widely thought that Stanwyck should have won the Academy Award for Best Actress rather than being just nominated.

When Mildred got a job as a showgirl, Ruby and Byron were placed in a series of foster homes (as many as four in a year), from which young Ruby often ran away.

After she moved into television in the 1960s, she won three Emmy Awards – for The Barbara Stanwyck Show (1961), the western series

She was billed in the series' opening credits as "Miss Barbara Stanwyck" for her role as Victoria, the widowed matriarch of the wealthy Barkley family.

Stanwyck was also the vulnerable, invalid wife that overhears her own murder being plotted in Sorry, Wrong Number (1948) and the doomed concert pianist in The Other Love (1947).

Barbara Stanwyck was only 15 when she auditioned to be a showgirl.


The Chronicon Roskildense (c. 1138) mentions Lodbrok (Lothpardus) as father to the utterly cruel Norse King Ywar (rex crudelissimus Normannorum Ywar) and his brothers, Inguar (a double of Ywar), Ubbi, Byorn and Ulf, who rule the northern peoples.

At a time it happened that King Lodbrok succeeded his unnamed father on the Danish throne.

According to the sagas Ragnarssona þáttr and Sögubrot af nokkrum fornkonungum, Ragnar Lodbrok's father was the legendary king of the Swedes, Sigurd Ring.

According to the Saga of Ragnar Lodbrok, Tale of Ragnar's sons, Heimskringla, Hervarar Saga, Sögubrot, and many other Icelandic sources, Ragnar was the son of the Swedish king Sigurd Ring.

According to the sagas Sigurd became King of Zealand, Skåne and the lesser Danish Isles.

Ragnar Lodbrok or Lothbrok (Old Norse: Ragnarr Loðbrók, "Ragnar shaggy breeches", Modern Icelandic: Ragnar Loðbrók) is a historically dubious legendary Viking hero, as well as, according to the Gesta Danorum, a legendary Danish and Swedish king.

According to the traditional literature, Ragnar Lodbrok distinguished himself by many raids against the British Isles and the Holy Roman Empire during the 9th century.

According to William, the Danish kings of old had the custom to expel the younger sons from the kingdom to have them out of the way.

According to late sagas Björn Ironside became King of Sweden and Uppsala, although this presents chronological inconsistencies.

Accounts | Anglo-Saxon and Irish accounts of the father of Ivar and Halfdan

that "they say that the three sisters of Hingwar and Hubba, daughters of Lodebroch (Lodbrok), wove that flag and got it ready in one day.

According to some authors, Lodbrok was the father to King Edward.


Pompeii has been a popular tourist destination for over 250 years; it was on the Grand Tour.

Due to the spectacular quality of the finds, the Spanish military engineer Rocque Joaquin de Alcubierre made excavations to find further remains at the site of Pompeii in 1748, even if the city was not identified.

The concern for conservation has continually troubled archaeologists.

His uncle, Pliny the Elder, with whom he had a close relationship, died while attempting to rescue stranded victims.

An important field of current research concerns structures that were restored between the earthquake of 62 and the eruption.

Re-opened, closed, re-opened again and then closed again for nearly 100 years, the Naples "Secret Museum" was briefly made accessible again at the end of the 1960s (the time of the sexual revolution) and was finally re-opened for viewing in 2000.

Today, funding is mostly directed into conservation of the site; however, due to the expanse of Pompeii and the scale of the problems, this is inadequate in halting the slow decay of the materials.

Carbonised food plant remains, roots, seeds and pollens, have been found from gardens in Pompeii, Herculaneum, and from the Roman villa at Torre Annunziata.

The area became known as the La Civita (the city) due to the features in the ground.

New public buildings include the amphitheatre with palaestra or gymnasium with a central natatorium (cella natatoria) or swimming pool, two theatres, the Eumachia Building and at least four public baths.

Pompeii, although governed by the Samnites, entered the Roman orbit, to which it remained faithful even during the third Samnite war and in the war against Pyrrhus.

Pompeii remains closed to the public due to safety concerns.


The Spotify app was launched on 7 October 2008.

However, based on complaints from users who reside in overseas or dependent territories that are part of sovereign states where Spotify is available, it is often impossible to buy premium membership there or download the app from Google Play, as opposed to App Store.

Spotify is available in 92 countries.

The ability to purchase and download music tracks via the app was removed on 4 January 2013.

Advertiser Pages are a "microsite seamlessly integrated into the Spotify player", that can "contain practically any content you'd find on a webpage, including videos, clickable images, blogs, news, links, and comments." In March 2009, Spotify began offering music downloads in the United Kingdom, France, and Spain.

In 2007, just after launch, the company made a loss of 31.8 million Swedish kronor ($4.4 million).In October 2010, Wired reported that Spotify was making more money for labels in Sweden than any other retailer "online or off".

Spotify has a web player, for those who are unable to – or do not want to – download any app.

History | Other developments | Company partnerships

The podcasts are available for all Spotify Free and Premium users.

Unlike the apps, the web player does not have the ability to download music for offline listening.

This feature is available only for Premium subscribers.

Users could purchase tracks from Spotify, which partnered with 7digital to incorporate the feature.

Spotify was available for download in 2007.


Some corporations founded during the early colonial era still keep this name, including Hongkong Land, Hongkong Electric Company, Hongkong and Shanghai Hotels and the Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation (HSBC).

The name was also commonly written as the single word Hongkong until 1926, when the government officially adopted the two-word name.

The simplified name Hong Kong was frequently used by 1810.

Chinese companies have expanded their economic presence in the territory since the transfer of sovereignty.

Under these terms and the "one country, two systems" principle, the Basic Law of Hong Kong is the regional constitution.

The name of the territory, first romanised as "He-Ong-Kong" in 1780, originally referred to a small inlet located between Aberdeen Island and the southern coast of Hong Kong Island.

The protests continued into December, possibly becoming the largest-scale political protest movement in Hong Kong history, with organisers claiming to have attracted more than one million Hong Kong residents.

As a special administrative region, Hong Kong maintains separate governing and economic systems from that of mainland China under a principle of "one country, two

The name translates as "fragrant harbour" or "incense harbour".

With over 7.5 million people of various nationalities in a 1,104-square-kilometre (426 sq mi) territory, Hong Kong is one of the most densely populated places in the world.

Hong Kong spelled as one word is a component of some company names.


Lotario de ' Conti was born in Gavignano, Italy, near Anagni.

His father Count Trasimund of Segni was a member of a famous house, Conti di Segni (Earl of Segni), which produced nine popes including Gregory IX, Alexander IV and Innocent XIII.

Innocent III played further roles in the politics of Norway, France, Sweden, Bulgaria, Spain and England.

Biography | Involvement in Imperial elections

It is the business of the pope to look after the interests of the Roman empire, since the empire derives its origin and its final authority from the papacy; its origin, because it was originally transferred from Greece by and for the sake of the papacy; ... its final authority, because the emperor is raised to his position by the pope who blesses him, crowns him and invests him with the empire. ... Therefore, since three persons have lately been elected king by different parties, namely the youth [Frederick, son of Henry VI], Philip [of Hohenstaufen, brother of Henry VI], and Otto [of Brunswick, of the Welf family], so also three things must be taken into account in regard to each one, namely: the legality, the suitability and the expediency of his election.

Innocent greatly extended the scope of the Crusades, directing crusades against Muslim Spain and the Holy Land as well as the Albigensian Crusade against the Cathars in southern France.

Pope Innocent III was from Spain originally.


Marvin Lee Aday was born in Dallas, Texas, the only child of Wilma Artie (née Hukel), a school teacher and a member of the Vo-di-o-do Girls gospel quartet, and Orvis Wesley Aday, a former police officer who went into business with his wife and one of their friends as the Griffin Grocery Company, selling a homemade cough remedy.

Music career | The Very Best of Meat Loaf

In 1998, Meat Loaf released The Very Best of Meat Loaf.

With the publicity generated from Hair, Meat Loaf was invited to record with Motown.

In December 1972, Meat Loaf was in the original off-Broadway production of Rainbow at the Orpheum Theatre in New York.

The single version of this song is a duet with Patti Russo, whereas the album version is a solo song by Meat Loaf.

The Motown production team in charge of the album wrote and selected the songs while Meat Loaf and Stoney came in only to lay down their vocals.

The album, titled Stoney & Meatloaf (with Meat Loaf misspelled as one word) was completed in the summer of 1971 and released in September of that year.

Meat Loaf left soon after Motown replaced his and Stoney's vocals from the one song he liked, "Who Is the Leader of the People?" with new vocals by Edwin Starr.

To support their album, Meat Loaf and Stoney toured with Jake Wade and the Soul Searchers, opening for Richie Havens, the Who, the Stooges, Bob Seger, Alice Cooper, and Rare Earth.

Meat Loaf appeared, credited as Meat Loaf

Meat Loaf is Texan.


Two main forms of isomerism are structural isomerism (or constitutional isomerism, in which bonds differ) and stereoisomerism (or spatial isomerism, in which the orientations of atoms differ).

Other types of isomerism exist.

There are also isotopomers or isotopic isomers that have the same numbers of each type of isotopic substitution but in chemically different positions.

If possible, E and Z (written in italic type) is also preferred in compounds with two substituents.

Synthesis of fumaric acidIndustrial synthesis of fumaric acid proceeds via the cis-trans isomerization of maleic acid: Isomers having distinct biological properties are common; for example, the placement of methyl groups.

Structural isomers | Example: propadiene and propyne

Propadiene (or allene) and propyne (or methylacetylene) are examples of isomers containing different bond types.

Structural isomers | Example: propanols and methoxyethane

A simple example of isomerism is given by propanol: It has the formula C3H8O (or C3H7OH) and occurs as two isomers: propan-1-ol (n-propyl alcohol; I) and propan-2-ol (isopropyl alcohol; II) These two molecules are position isomers of each other, because the position of the hydroxy group differs between the two: It is attached to an end carbon in the first isomer, and to the center carbon in the second.

Tautomers are structural isomers which readily interconvert, so that two or more species co-exist in equilibria such as H–

Unlike the isomers of propanol, methoxyethane has an oxygen connected to two carbons rather than to one carbon and one hydrogen.

Another type of isomer, conformational isomers (conformers), may be rotamers, diastereomers, or enantiomers depending on the compound.

Spin isomers have differing distributions of spin among their constituent atoms.

Isomers have two primary types.


It has received mixed to negative reviews, with most critics noting poor literary qualities of the work.

There, Christian informs her that the second contract will be one of dominance and submission, and there will be no romantic relationship, only a sexual one.

Fifty Shades of Grey is a 2011 erotic romance novel by British author E. L. James.

The first, titled Fifty Shades of Grey, was released as an e-book and a print on demand paperback in May 2011 by The Writers' Coffee Shop, a virtual publisher based in Australia.

It became the first instalment in the Fifty Shades novel series that follows the deepening relationship between a college graduate, Anastasia Steele, and a young business magnate, Christian Grey.

" British author Jenny Colgan in The Guardian wrote "It is jolly, eminently readable and as sweet and safe as BDSM (bondage, discipline, sadism and masochism) erotica can be without contravening the trade descriptions act" and also praised the book for being "more enjoyable" than other "literary erotic books".

A version of the novel from Christian's point of view, Grey: Fifty Shades of Grey as Told by Christian, was published in June 2015 as the fourth book.

The second volume, Fifty Shades Darker, was released in September 2011; and the third, Fifty Shades Freed, followed in January 2012.

Many other erotic works quickly became best-sellers following Fifty Shades' success, while other popular works, such as Anne Rice's The Sleeping Beauty trilogy, have been reissued (this time without pseudonyms) to meet the higher demand.

In that same month, Publishers Weekly named E. L. James the 'Publishing Person of the Year', a decision whose criticism in the LA Times and the New York Daily News was referred to by and summarised in The Christian Science Monitor.

Earlier, in April 2012, when E. L. James was listed as one of Time magazine's "100 Most Influential People in the World", Richard Lawson of The Atlantic Wire criticised her inclusion due to the trilogy's fan fiction beginnings.

Fifty Shades of Grey is a 2011 erotic romance novel by British author E. L. James about a sexual relationship without romance, receiving mixed and negative reviews.


Both Spanish and Guaraní are official languages.

The Guaraní language is a remarkable trace of the indigenous Guaraní culture that has endured in Paraguay.

The Guarani culture is very influential and more than 90% of the people speak different forms of the Guarani language in addition to Spanish.

Guaraní claims its place as one of the last surviving and thriving of South American indigenous national languages.

The Gran Chaco region, which includes the Alto Paraguay, Boquerón and Presidente Hayes Department, and accounts for about 60% of the territory, is home to less than 2% of the population.

Paraguay (; Spanish pronunciation: [paɾaˈɣwaj] (listen), [paɾaˈɰwaj]), officially the Republic of Paraguay (Spanish: República del Paraguay; Guarani: Tetã Paraguái), is a country in South America.

Paraguay is a bilingual nation.

The Paraguay River was roughly the dividing line between the agricultural Guarani people to the east and the nomadic and semi-nomadic people to the west in the Gran Chaco.

From Guarani paraguá "feather crown", thus paraguaí "river of crowns".

HLA-DRB1 polymorphism studies have shown genetic distances between Paraguayans and Spanish populations were closer than between Paraguayans and Guaranis.

Paraguay is home to the Guarani language.


The Vietnam War (Vietnamese: Chiến tranh Việt Nam), also known as the Second Indochina War, and in Vietnam as the Resistance War Against America (Vietnamese: Kháng chiến chống Mỹ) or simply the American War, was a conflict in Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia from 1 November 1955 to the fall of Saigon on 30 April 1975.

The end of the war and resumption of the Third Indochina War would precipitate the Vietnamese boat people and the larger Indochina refugee crisis, which saw millions of refugees leave Indochina (mainly southern Vietnam), with an estimated 250,000 of whom perished at sea.

Aftermath | Effect on the United States | Views on the war

When surveyed in 2000, one third of Americans believed that the war was a noble cause.

It has also been called the Second Indochina War and the Vietnam Conflict.

It was the second of the Indochina Wars and was officially fought between North Vietnam and South Vietnam.

Hostilities escalated into the First Indochina War (beginning in December 1946).

A large number of war crimes took place during the Vietnam War.

The conflict emerged from the First Indochina War against the communist-led Viet Minh.

Opposition to U.S. involvement, 1964–1973

Public opinion steadily turned against the war following 1967 and by 1970 only a third of Americans believed that the U.S. had not made a mistake by sending troops to fight in Vietnam.

The outbreak of the Korean War in June 1950 convinced many Washington policymakers that the war in Indochina was an example of communist expansionism directed by the Soviet Union.

The Vietnam War was the third of the Indochina Wars.


Robert Walpole, 1st Earl of Orford,  (26 August 1676 – 18 March 1745), known between 1721 and 1742 as Sir Robert Walpole, was a British politician who is generally regarded as the de facto first Prime Minister of Great Britain.

Like his father, Robert Walpole was a member of the Whig Party.

However, Irish sentiment was situated against the English control.

Walpole continued to be an influential figure in the House of Commons.

The new ministry, under the leadership of the Tory Robert Harley, removed Walpole from his office of Secretary at War

The resignation of Sunderland and the death of Stanhope in 1721 left Walpole as the most important figure in the administration.

Walpole Street in Wolverhampton is named after Sir Robert Walpole.

Premiership under George II | Opposition

Walpole, a polarising figure, had many opponents, the most important of whom were in the Country Party, such as Lord Bolingbroke (who had been his political enemy since the days of Queen Anne) and William Pulteney (a capable Whig statesman who felt snubbed when Walpole failed to include him in the Cabinet).

In November 1700 his father died, and Robert succeeded to inherit the Walpole estate.

The Act revealed a disdain for Swift, Pope, Fielding, and other literary figures who had attacked his government in their works.

After he was released, Walpole wrote and published anonymous pamphlets attacking the Harley ministry and assisted Sir Richard Steele in crafting political pamphlets.

Robert Walpole is an English political figure.


Although he preferred social and propagandistic political methods, he also engaged in a number of battles.

He was one of the most influential monarchs of the Zulu Kingdom.

Expansion of power and conflict with Zwide

This would open the door for future British incursions into the Zulu kingdom that were not so peaceful.

Scholarship studies | Biographical sources

Military historians of the Zulu War must also be considered for their description of Zulu fighting methods and tactics, including authors like Ian Knight and Robert Edgerton.

While the British colonialists considered his regime to be a future threat, allegations that European traders wished him dead were problematic given that Shaka had granted concessions to Europeans prior to his death, including the right to settle at Port Natal (now Durban).

The Zulu monarch was killed by three assassins sometime in 1828; September is the most frequently cited date, when almost all available

Certain aspects of traditional Zulu culture still revere the dead monarch, as the typical praise song below attests.

Social and military revolution | Shakan methods versus European technology

In fact, European travellers to Shaka's kingdom demonstrated advanced technology such as firearms and writing, but the Zulu monarch was less than convinced.

When Shaka's mother Nandi died for example, the monarch ordered a massive outpouring of grief including mass executions, forbidding the planting of crops or the use of milk, and the killing of all pregnant women and their husbands.

Shaka Zulu, an SABC TV miniseries about Shaka, which starred Henry Cele in the title role.

There is no evidence to suggest that Shaka betrayed Dingiswayo.

Shaka is considered the most influential monarch and peaceful.


The Bonus Army was a group of 43,000 demonstrators – made up of 17,000 U.S. World War

Washington police met with resistance, shot at the protestors, and two veterans were wounded and later died.

I veterans, together with their families and affiliated groups – who gathered in Washington, D.C. in mid-1932 to demand early cash redemption of their service certificates.

The principal demand of the Bonus Army was the immediate cash payment of their certificates.

During the presidential campaign of 1932, Roosevelt had opposed the veterans' bonus demands.

I veterans to receive their cash bonus.

When the veterans moved back into the camp, police drew their revolvers and shot at the veterans, two of whom, William Hushka and Eric Carlson, died later.

On July 28, 1932, President Hoover ordered the Secretary of War to disperse the protesters.

When the two veterans were shot, the Commissioners asked the White House for federal troops.

The Veterans of Foreign Wars continued to press the federal government to allow the early redemption of military service certificates.

Two years later, hundreds of Pennsylvania war veterans marched on Philadelphia, then the nation's capital, surrounded the State House, where the U.S. Congress was in session, and demanded back pay.

The Bonus Army was a protest by veterans in 1932 to demand cash for service certificates and resulted in two veterans being killed by Washington police.


Biography | 1955–1978: Early life and acting in theater

William James Dafoe was born in Appleton, Wisconsin.

William James "Willem" Dafoe (born July 22, 1955) is an American actor.

Dafoe has dual citizenship of the United States and Italy.

He now holds both Italian and American citizenship.

Their son, Jack, was born in 1982.

In high school, he acquired the nickname Willem, which is the Dutch version of the name William.

Biography | 2000–2009: Shadow of the Vampire, Spider-Man and prolificity

Dafoe co-starred as the White House Chief of Staff in American Dreamz, a comedy satirizing both popular entertainment and American politics.

Biography | 2010–present: Continued acclaim and success

Dafoe stated he found the use of gun fu combat created an interesting mix of action, stating

It was largely panned by critics, although Dafoe stated he did not regret appearing the film.

The game polarized reviewers, although Dafoe and Page's performance were widely praised.

The American actor Willem Dafoe has dual citizenship with the US and Italy although he was born in Wisconsin.


67 Cuban exiles from Brigade 2506 were killed in action plus ten on the firing squad, ten on the boat Celia trying to escape, 9 in the sealed container on the way to Havana, 4 by accident, 2 in prison, and 4 American aviators, for a total of 106 casualties.

About 1,202 members of Brigade 2506 were captured, of whom nine died from asphyxiation during transfer to Havana in a closed truck.

Later analysis | Invasion legacy in Cuba

The conference was titled Bay of Pigs: 40 Years After.

The hypothesis of a landing at the Bay of Pigs, or the invasion of Cuba, had political and economic causes.

Richard M. Bissell Jr. was charged with overseeing plans for the Bay of Pigs Invasion.

At about 11:00, Castro issued a statement over Cuba's nationwide network saying that the invaders, members of the exiled Cuban revolutionary front, have come to destroy the revolution and take away the dignity and rights of men.

Later analysis | Invasion legacy for Cuban exiles

By March 2007, about half of the brigade had died.

Immediately following the Bay of Pigs invasion, the Kennedy Administration considered complete trade restrictions with Cuba.

Prelude to invasion | Fleet sets sail (14 April)

Under cover of darkness, the invasion fleet set sail from Puerto Cabezas, Nicaragua and headed towards the Bay of Pigs on the night of 14 April.

The Cuban government also had been warned by senior KGB agents Osvaldo Sánchez Cabrera and 'Aragon', who died violently before and after the invasion, respectively.

A flotilla containing equipment that broadcast sounds and other effects of a shipborne invasion landing provided the source of Cuban reports that briefly lured Fidel Castro away from the Bay of Pigs battlefront area.

Over 100 men died during the Bay of Pigs Invasion.


We've had similar costumes too!" Aguilera frequently blends elements of pop, R&B, dance-pop and soul music into her projects, and her records typically include a combination of ballads and uptempo tracks.

Aguilera's new image presented in the video was widely criticized by the public that it began to overshadow her music.

Other ventures | Products and endorsements

The range has been further augmented yearly by new releases.

Other classic artists, including Billie Holiday, Otis Redding, Aretha Franklin, Nina Simone, and Ella Fitzgerald, are also Aguilera's major influences; her fifth studio album Back to Basics is inspired by vintage jazz, blues and soul music records by them.

Aguilera has credited blues singer Etta James as her main influence and inspiration, elaborating,

Aguilera is a soprano, possessing a four-octave vocal range spanning from C3 to C♯7.

Aguilera mentions Whitney Houston as another influence, having performed many of her songs in her early years during talent shows.

Aguilera points out the musical film The Sound of Music and its lead actress, Julie Andrews, as her first inspiration for singing and performing.

According to author Pier Dominguez of the book Christina Aguilera: A Star Is Made, Aguilera stated that Carey and her debut single, "Vision of Love" (1990), had the biggest influence on her vocal style.

Life and career | 2010–2011: Bionic, Burlesque, and The Voice

Heavily influenced by electronic genres, the song signaled Aguilera's musical experiments on her forthcoming album.

The Voice. Aguilera's debut album producer Ron Harris revealed that Aguilera during her recording sessions for Christina Aguilera would constantly listen to Brandy's music, studying and trying to replicate her adlibs.

Christina Aguilera's music comes from a wide range of influences.


Legends and modern opinions about Marion

The introduction to the 2007 edition of Simms' book (originally published in 1844) was written by Sean Busick, a professor of American history at Athens State University in Alabama, who says that based on the facts, "Marion deserves to be remembered as one of the heroes of the War for Independence." Crawford commented:  Francis Marion was a man of his times: he owned slaves, and he fought in a brutal campaign against the Cherokee Indians.

" The contrast between the film's depiction of Martin "as a family man and hero who single-handedly defeats countless hostile Brits" and the real-life Marion was one of the "egregious oversights" that TIME magazine cited when listing "The Patriot" as number one of its "Top 10 historically misleading films" in 2011.

Francis Marion was one of the influences for the main character of Benjamin Martin in the 2000 movie The Patriot, which according to Crawford "exaggerated the Swamp Fox legend for a whole new generation.

American Revolutionary War | Guerrilla warfare

Marion showed himself to be a singularly able leader of irregular militiamen and ruthless in his terrorizing of Loyalists.

, Marion appears and interacts with the fictional characters.

In the film, the fictional character Benjamin Martin (Mel Gibson) describes violence he committed in the French and Indian War.

The bill was packaged into the omnibus Consolidated Natural Resources Act of 2008, which passed both houses and was enacted in May 2008.

Cornwallis observed, "Colonel Marion had so wrought the minds of the people, partly by the terror of his threats and cruelty of his punishments, and partly by the promise of plunder, that there was scarcely an inhabitant between the Santee and the Pee Dee that was not in arms against us." The British especially hated Marion and made repeated efforts to neutralize his force, but Marion's intelligence gathering was excellent and that of the British was poor, due to the overwhelming Patriot loyalty of the populace in the Williamsburg area.

On January 1, 1757, Francis and his brother, Job, were recruited by Captain John Postell to serve in the French and Indian War.

Francis Marion (c. 1732 – February 27, 1795), also known as the Swamp Fox, was a military officer who served in the American Revolutionary War (1775–1783).

American Revolutionary War | Eutaw Springs

The war was brought to an end by the Treaty of Paris.

Francis Marion fought in the Revolutionary War and was an influence for the protagonist in the movie, The Patriot, where his character highly altered to show him as good natured.


On 14 December, six days after her birth, she became Queen of Scotland when her father died, perhaps from the effects of a nervous collapse following the Battle of Solway Moss or from drinking contaminated water while on campaign.

Childhood and early reign | Claim to the English throne

When Henry II died on 10 July 1559, from injuries sustained in a joust, fifteen-year-old Francis and sixteen-year-old Mary became king and queen of France.

Mary, Queen of Scots (8 December 1542 – 8 February 1587), also known as Mary Stuart or Mary I of Scotland, reigned over Scotland from 14 December 1542 to 24 July 1567.

Childhood and early reign | Treaty of Greenwich

King Henry II of France proposed to unite France and Scotland by marrying the young queen to his three-year-old son, the Dauphin Francis.

Marriage to Lord Darnley | Murder of Darnley

A week later, Bothwell managed to convince more than two dozen lords and bishops to sign the Ainslie Tavern Bond, in which they agreed to support his aim to marry the queen.

As a devout Catholic, she was regarded with suspicion by many of her subjects, as well as by the Queen of England.

Mary was grief-stricken. Her mother-in-law, Catherine de' Medici, became regent for the late king's ten-year-old brother Charles IX, who inherited the French throne.

Escape and imprisonment in England | Casket letters

As an anointed queen, Mary refused to acknowledge the power of any court to try her.

Mary was queen consort of France from his accession in 1559 until his death in December 1560.

The marriage was tempestuous, and Mary became despondent.

Mary, Queen of Scots became Queen of Scotland when she was less than a week old.


In the late afternoon of July 2, Lee launched a heavy assault on the Union left flank, and fierce fighting raged at Little Round Top, the Wheatfield, Devil's Den, and the Peach Orchard.

On the Union right, Confederate demonstrations escalated into full-scale assaults on Culp's Hill and Cemetery Hill.

Second day of battle | Attacks on the Union left flank

As fighting raged in the Wheatfield and Devil's Den, Col. Strong Vincent of V Corps had a precarious hold on Little Round Top, an important hill at the extreme left of the Union line.

Second day of battle | Plans and movement to battle

The Union line ran from Culp's Hill southeast of the town, northwest to Cemetery Hill just south of town, then south for nearly two miles (3 km) along Cemetery Ridge, terminating just north of Little Round Top.

The new line ran from Devil's Den, northwest to the Peach Orchard, then northeast along the Emmitsburg Road to south of the Codori farm.

Hood's division moved more to the east than intended, losing its alignment with the Emmitsburg Road, attacking Devil's Den and Little Round Top.

As the Confederates approached, there was fierce flanking artillery fire from Union positions on Cemetery Hill and north of Little Round Top, and musket and canister fire from Hancock's II Corps.

" Many historians speculate that Stonewall Jackson, if he had survived Chancellorsville, would have aggressively seized Culp's Hill, rendering Cemetery Hill indefensible, and changing the entire complexion of the battle.

On the left, Lee instructed Ewell to position his Second Corps to attack Culp's Hill and Cemetery Hill when he heard the gunfire from Longstreet's assault, preventing Meade from shifting troops to bolster his left.

McLaws, coming in on Hood's left, drove multiple attacks into the thinly stretched III Corps in the Wheatfield and overwhelmed them in Sherfy's Peach Orchard.

The Battle of Gettysburg was a full scale three day crucial battle at Little Round Top, an important hill at the extreme left of the Union line, the Wheatfield, Devil's Den, the Peach Orchard, Culp's Hill, and Cemetery Hill with the highest number of deaths of the entire war.


In 1916, Wagner married Bessie Baine Smith, and the couple would have three daughters: Elva Katrina (b. 1918, stillborn), Betty Baine (1919–1992), and Virginia Mae (1922–1985).

Wagner was one of nine children.

A life-size statue of Wagner swinging a bat, atop a marble pedestal featuring admiring children, was forged by a local sculptor named Frank Vittor, and placed outside the left field corner gate at Forbes Field.

Professional career | T206 Baseball card

The card came with Sister Virginia Muller's brother's handwritten note: "Although damaged, the value of this baseball card should increase exponentially throughout the 21st century!"On April 20, 2012, a New Jersey resident purchased a VG-3 graded T206 Wagner card for more than $1.2 million.

Honus Wagner had 3 children with his wife.


The clipper ship, Camille Cavour, the battleship Conte di Cavour, which fought both in World War I and World War II, and the new Marina Militare aircraft carrier Cavour is also named in his honor.

Today, many Italian cities, including Turin, Trieste, Rome, Florence, and Naples, have important streets, squares, and piazzas named after Cavour, as well as Mazzini and Garibaldi.

He experimented with different agricultural techniques on his estate, such as growing sugar beets, and was one of the first Italian landowners to use chemical fertilizers.

Biography | Prime minister of Piedmont–Sardinia

He soon regained his optimism, however, as several of the terms, such as the restoration to power of the rulers of Tuscany and Modena, and the establishment of an Italian Confederation including Austria, were not actually carried out.

Camillo Benso was born in Turin during Napoleonic rule, into a family that had gained a fair amount of land during the French occupation.

In 1865, the Collegio dei Nobili, the oldest high school in Turin (founded 1568), and among the oldest and most prominent ones in Italy, was renamed the Liceo Ginnasio statale "Camillo Benso di Cavour" (Liceo classico Cavour).

Camillo Paolo Filippo Giulio Benso, Count of Cavour, Isolabella and Leri (10 August 1810 – 6 June 1861), generally known as Cavour ( kə-VOOR, Italian: [kaˈvur]), was an Italian statesman and a leading figure in the movement toward Italian unification.

He was the second of two sons of Michele Giuseppe Francesco Antonio Benso, 4th Marquess of Cavour and Count of Isolabella and Leri, Lord of Corveglia, Dusino, Mondonio, Ottiglio and Ponticelli, Co-Lord of Castagnole, Cellarengo and Menabi, Cereaglio, Chieri, San Salvatore Monferrato, Santena and Valfenera, 1st Baron of the French Empire (1781–1850) and his wife (1805) Adélaïde (Adèle) Suzanne, Marchioness of Sellon (1780–1846), herself of French origin.

Benso had quite a few things labeled after him such as streets and a ship and an airplane.


Jews and Christians have not observed Leviticus's instructions for animal offerings since the first century AD.

With sacrifice and priesthood established, chapters 11–15 instruct the lay people on purity (or cleanliness).

The book teaches that faithful performance of the sanctuary rituals can make that possible, so long as the people avoid sin and impurity whenever possible.

Contents according to Judaism's weekly Torah portions

Behar, on Leviticus 25–25: Sabbatical year, debt servitude limited

Reverberations of Faith: A Theological Handbook of Old Testament Themes.

The instructions of Leviticus emphasize ritual, legal and moral practices rather than beliefs.

Many other interpreters have followed Milgrom in exploring the theological and ethical implications of Leviticus's regulations (e.g. Marx, Balentine), though some have questioned how systematic they really are.

1–5) B. Instructions for the priests (6:1–7:38) 1–6.

The priest is to send a second goat into the desert to "Azazel", bearing the sins of the whole people.

Priests receive instruction on mourning rituals and acceptable bodily defects.

The Book of Leviticus () is the third book of the Torah and of the Old Testament;  scholars generally agree that it developed over a long period of time, reaching its present form during the Persian Period between 538–332 BC.

No people of the Abrahamic faiths have followed all of the instructions of Leviticus en masse for over 1,000 years.


Despite the mixed reviews, the film was nominated for eight Academy Awards at the 53rd Academy Awards (tying with The Elephant Man as the most nominated film of the ceremony), including Best Picture and Best Director, and won two: Best Actor for De Niro (his second Oscar) and Best Editing.

Raging Bull is #7 on Time Out

By the end of the 1980s, Raging Bull had cemented its reputation as a modern classic.

, "you make movies, you're in the ring each time." Preparation for the film began with Scorsese shooting some 8 mm color footage featuring De Niro boxing in a ring.

Jack Kroll of Newsweek called Raging Bull the "best movie of the year".

In August 2012, the producers retitled the film The Bronx Bull, disassociating itself as a sequel to Raging Bull, and the lawsuit was subsequently dropped.

Scorsese decided to use this as one of the reasons to film Raging Bull in black and white.

The editing of Raging Bull began when production was temporarily put on hold and was completed in 1980.

Raging Bull was fifth on Entertainment Weekly's list of the 100 Greatest Movies of All Time.

Leonard Maltin included Raging Bull on his 100 Must-See Films of the 20th Century list.

Raging Bull is a 1980 American biographical sports  drama film directed by Martin Scorsese, produced by Robert Chartoff and Irwin Winkler and adapted by Paul Schrader and Mardik Martin from Jake LaMotta's 1970 memoir Raging Bull: My Story.

Raging Bull was qualified for 8 oscars.


The poem is loosely based on the Arthurian legend of Elaine of Astolat, as recounted in a 13th-century Italian novellina titled La Damigella di Scalot (No.

"The Lady of Shalott" is a lyrical ballad by the English poet Alfred Tennyson.

Israeli progressive rock group Atmosphera recorded a 16-minute epic named "Lady of Shalott" about the ballad.

Like his other early poems – "Sir Launcelot and Queen Guinevere" and "Galahad" – the poem recasts Arthurian subject matter loosely based on medieval sources.

In Jasper Fforde's novel One of our Thursdays Is Missing (2011), the Lady of Shalott possesses a mirror that allows characters in the Book World to see into the real world ("the Outland").

" Based on Poulson's view, escaping from the tower allows for the Lady of Shalott to emotionally break free and come into terms with female sexuality.

In Diana Wynne Jones' novel Hexwood (1993) one of the main characters, Ann Stavely, compares herself to the Lady of Shalott in that she uses a mirror to look outside her window.

" The Lady of Shalott" was particularly popular with the Brotherhood, which shared Tennyson's interest in Arthuriana; several of the Brotherhood made paintings based on episodes from the poem.

Danish Composer Bent Sørensen composed a piece for viola solo, based on John William Waterhouse's painting The Lady of Shalott at the Tate Gallery in London.

French composer Olivier Messiaen wrote a piece for solo piano La dame de Shalotte in 1917 based on Tennyson's poem.

The Lady of Shalott is a ballad that is based on an Arthurian lore Elena of Aortic.


It is the first installment in the Star Wars sequel trilogy, following the story of Return of the Jedi (1983), and is the seventh episode of the nine-part "Skywalker saga".

"Certain critics found The Force Awakens derivative of the original Star Wars trilogy, some expressing their opinion that the film was essentially a remake of A New Hope.

The Force Awakens is the first Star Wars film to not have a direct tie-in game to accompany it.

Star Wars: The Force Awakens (also known as Star Wars: Episode VII – The Force Awakens) is a 2015 American epic space opera film produced, co-written and directed by J. J. Abrams.

Star Wars: The Force Awakens received overwhelmingly positive reviews from critics.

Cinematographer Daniel Mindel said The Force Awakens would use real locations and scale models over computer-generated imagery to make it aesthetically similar to the original Star Wars trilogy.

Star Wars: The Clone Wars and Star Wars Rebels cast and crew members

Star Wars creator George Lucas discussed ideas for a sequel trilogy several times after the conclusion of the original trilogy, but denied any intent to make it.

Reception | Box office | Commercial analysis

The Star Wars franchise has traditionally lacked resonance with filmgoers in China, and marketing for The Force Awakens heavily focused on appealing to that market.

On December 17, 2015, select theaters across North America aired a Star Wars marathon, airing the six previous Star Wars episode films in 2D, followed by The Force Awakens in 3D. Attendees received a special lanyard featuring exclusive marathon art.

Star Wars: The Force Awakens grossed $936.7 million in the United States and Canada, and $1.132 billion in other countries for a worldwide total of $2.068 billion.

Star Wars: The Force Awakens is the 2nd film in the Star Wars Trilogy.


He also attempted to conquer Roman Gaul (modern France), crossing the Rhine in 451 and marching as far as Aurelianum (Orléans) before being stopped in the Battle of the Catalaunian Plains.

During his reign, he was one of the most feared enemies of the Western and Eastern Roman Empires.

The Huns had become a great power by the time that Attila came of age during the reign of his uncle Ruga, to the point that Nestorius, the Patriarch of Constantinople, deplored the situation with these words: "They have become both masters and slaves of the Romans".:128

Empires and Barbarians: The Fall of Rome and the Birth of Europe.

Attila's father Mundzuk was the brother of kings Octar and Ruga, who reigned jointly over the Hunnic empire in the early fifth century.

He subsequently invaded Italy, devastating the northern provinces, but was unable to take Rome.

Campaigns against the Eastern Roman Empire

Carthage was the richest province of the Western Empire and a main source of food for Rome.

Heather, Peter (2007). The Fall of the Roman Empire: A New History of Rome and the Barbarians.

According to a version of this narrative related in the Chronicon Pictum, a mediaeval Hungarian chronicle, the Pope promised Attila that if he left Rome in peace, one of his successors would receive a holy crown (which has been understood as referring to the Holy Crown of Hungary).

They crossed the Volga river during the 370s and annexed the territory of the Alans, then attacked the Gothic kingdom between the Carpathian mountains and the Danube.

Attila conquered Rome during his reign.


She later reprised her role in the Order of the Phoenix (2007) and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2 (2011), and has called her time on the popular franchise "great fun".

In 2004, she played the eccentric Divination teacher Sybill Trelawney in the third Harry Potter film, the Prisoner of Azkaban, her character described as a "hippy chick professor who teaches fortune-telling".

Acting career | 2010s: Veteran performer

With a worldwide gross of $624 million, MIB3 is Thompson's biggest commercial hit outside of the Harry Potter films.

In 2017, Thompson appeared as Mrs. Potts (played by Angela Lansbury in the 1991 animated film) in Disney's live-action adaptation of Beauty and the Beast, directed by Bill Condon and starring her Harry Potter co-star Emma Watson in the lead role.

Other notable film and television credits include the Harry Potter film series (2004–2011), Wit (2001), Love Actually (2003), Angels in America (2003), Nanny McPhee (2005),

Dame Emma Thompson (born 15 April 1959) is a British actress, screenwriter, activist, author and comedian.

The actress has commented that this "tore [the family] to pieces", and "I can't begin to tell you how much I regret his not being around".

The film received positive reviews, with Thompson being singled out for praise, and Owen Gleiberman of Variety remarked that "Thompson truly seems like a born talk-show host.

"what it's like being human now".

Ang Lee, director of Sense and Sensibility stated that Thompson's comedic approach may be her greatest asset as an actress, remarking, "Emma is an extremely funny lady.

Acting career | 1990–1993: A leading British actress

Thompson reunited with Merchant–Ivory and Anthony Hopkins to film The Remains of the Day (1993), a film which has been described as a "classic" and the production team's definitive film.

The actress Emma Thompson enjoyed being in some of the Harry Potter films.


Growing up at a time when women were marginalized in science and allowed few educational opportunities, she gained admittance to medical school, where she met her future husband Carl Ferdinand Cori in an anatomy class; upon their graduation in 1920, they married.

Gerty Cori was born Gerty Theresa Radnitz into a Jewish family in Prague in 1896.

While studying, she met Carl Cori, who was immediately attracted to her charm, vitality, sense of humor, and her love of the outdoors and mountain climbing.

Gerty Theresa Cori (née Radnitz; August 15, 1896 – October 26, 1957) was an Austro-Hungarian-American biochemist who in 1947 was the third woman to win a Nobel Prize in science, and the first woman to be awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, for her role in the discovery of glycogen metabolism.

Gerty Cori published eleven articles as the sole author.

In 1957, Gerty Cori died after a ten-year struggle with myelosclerosis.

Gerty Cori continued her early interest in medical research, collaborating in the laboratory with Carl.

Just before winning the Nobel prize, while they were on a mountain climbing trip, the Coris learned that Gerty Cori was ill with myelosclerosis, a fatal disease of the bone marrow.

Later, her son erected a cenotaph for Gerty and Carl Cori in Bellefontaine Cemetery in St. Louis, Missouri.

Gerty Cori also studied glycogen storage disease, identifying at least four forms, each related to a particular enzymatic defect.

Gerty Theresa Cori met her spouse in high-school while she was taking a biology class.


Vyacheslav Mikhailovich Molotov (; né Skryabin; (OS 25 February) 9 March 1890 – 8 November 1986) was a Soviet politician and diplomat, an Old Bolshevik, and a leading figure in the Soviet government from the 1920s, when he rose to power as a protégé of Joseph Stalin.

The new Party Secretary, Khrushchev, soon emerged as the new leader of the Soviet Union.

Although Molotov was seen as a likely successor to Stalin in the immediate aftermath of his death, he never sought to become leader of the Soviet Union.

Biography | Early life and career (1890–1930)

Trotsky and his supporters underestimated Molotov, as did many others.

Biography | Later years and death (1962–1986)

Later, Soviet leader Konstantin Chernenko further rehabilitated Molotov; in 1984, Molotov was even allowed to seek membership in the Communist Party.

Biography | Minister of Foreign Affairs (1939–1949)

In response, the Soviet Union, along with the other Eastern Bloc nations, initiated what is known as the Molotov Plan.

Molotov supported the removal and later the execution of Beria on the orders of Khrushchev.

"At the end of 1989, two years before the final collapse of the Soviet Union, the Congress of People's Deputies of the Soviet Union and Mikhail Gorbachev's government formally denounced the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact.

She was imprisoned for a year in the Lubyanka, after which she was exiled for three years in an obscure Russian city.

This first association between the two future Soviet leaders proved to be brief, however, and did not lead to an immediate close political association.

Vyacheslav Molotov was a Russian diplomat and a supporter of the leader of the Soviet Union.


Its global user base in 2017 was 328 million.

Appearance and features | Tweets | Format | Character limits

In 2017, Twitter doubled their historical 140-character-limitation to 280.

Only new Twitter handles added to the conversation count towards the limit.

Attachments and links would also no longer be part of the character limit.

Since March 30, 2017, the Twitter handles are outside the tweet itself, therefore they no longer count towards the character limit.

In 2016, Twitter announced that media such as photos, videos, and the person's handle, would not count against the already constrictive 140 character limit.

Appearance and features | Tweets | Format | Using SMS

The 140-character limit also increased the usage of URL shortening services such as bit.ly, goo.gl, tinyurl.com, tr.im, and other content-hosting services such as TwitPic, memozu.com and NotePub to accommodate multimedia content and text longer than 140 characters.

Appearance and features | Third-party applications

This was done to increase security and improve the user experience.

Migrations to this iteration of Twitter increased in April 2019, with some users receiving it with a modified layout.

With more followers, users' profiles gain more attention, thus increasing their popularity.

Research has found that using Twitter in college courses helps students communicate with each other and faculty, promotes informal learning, allows shy students a forum for increased participation, increases student engagement, and improves overall course grades.

Twitter increased their letters/symbols limits to over 275.


The story is set in Padua, Italy, in a distant and unspecified past.

The song "Running through the Garden" was written by Stevie Nicks after reading "Rappaccini's Daughter".

Rappaccini's Daughter by Charles Wakefield Cadman premiered at Carnegie Hall on March 20, 1925 Rappaccini's Daughter by Margaret Garwood (1983) La hija de Rappaccini by Daniel Catán (1991) The Poisoned Kiss by Ralph Vaughan Williams

"Rappaccini's Daughter" is a short story by Nathaniel Hawthorne first published in the December 1844 issue of The United States Magazine and Democratic Review, and later in the 1846 collection Mosses from an Old Manse.

In the Ravenloft campaign setting for Dungeons & Dragons there are creatures called Ermordenungs; former humans who, through some unknown, torturous process, have been transformed into beautiful men and women with a deadly poisonous touch.

Spanish-language play: La Hija de Rappaccini by Octavio Paz (1956) English-language play: Rappaccini's Daughter by Sebastian Doggart (1996) John Todhunter verse-play The Poison-Flower, A Phantasy, in Three Scenes (1891) NBC's The Weird Circle (1943–1947), Episode 52, Radio Play.

Her daughter, Carmilla Black, is, like Beatrice, both immune to poisons and able to deliver poisonous infection to another individual.

He brings up his daughter to tend the plants, and she becomes resistant to the poisons, but in the process she herself becomes poisonous to others.

Theodora Goss's 2017 book The Strange Case of the Alchemist's Daughter features Beatrice Rappaccini as one of its main characters.

From his quarters, Giovanni Guasconti, a young student of letters at the University of Padua, looks at Beatrice, the beautiful daughter of Dr. Giacomo Rappaccini, a scientist who works in isolation.

Rappaccini's Daughter is set in Europe.


Josef is ordered to appear at the court's address the coming Sunday, without being told the exact time or room.

Manufacturer – Person who hears about K.'s case and advises him to see a painter who knows how the court system works.

Josef is not imprisoned, however, but left "free" and told to await instructions from the Committee of Affairs.

Inspector – Man who conducts a proceeding at Josef K.'s boardinghouse to inform K. officially

After a period of exploration, Josef finds the court in the attic.

Vice-President – K.'s unctuous rival at the Bank, only too willing to catch K. in a compromising situation.

The priest tells Josef that the parable is an ancient text of the court, and many generations of court officials have interpreted it differently.

He knows a great deal about the comings and goings of the Court's lowest level.

The priest advises K. that his case is going badly and tells him to accept his fate.

Interpretation | Relations to other texts by Kafka

The idea that a single executioner could be enough to arbitrarily replace the entire court is exactly what Josef K. is frightened of.

In The Trial, Josef is told to go to court, but he isn't given information about when the hearing will occur.


Rabbit Maranville died of a heart attack shortly after midnight on January 6, 1954 at his home in Woodside, New York.

Maranville fired!" And so he was—the next day.

Maranville was known as one of "baseball's most famous clowns" due to his practical jokes and lack of inhibitions.

That year, Maranville was the Braves' cleanup hitter, despite batting just .246 and hitting four home runs.

Even at age 41, when Maranville batted .218 in 143 games and hit no homers, he finished in a tie for 12th in the MVP voting.

One night he went through a Pullman car dumping water on sleeping players' heads, saying, "No sleeping under Maranville management, especially at night.

Following the end of his playing career, Maranville turned to managing, including stints as a minor league manager for Montreal Royals, at Albany, Elmira, and Springfield, Massachusetts.

Walter James Vincent "Rabbit" Maranville (November 11, 1891 – January 6, 1954) was an American professional baseball shortstop, second baseman and manager.

He was 62 years old. Maranville was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1954, just months after his death, along with Bill Terry and Bill Dickey, in his 14th year of eligibility.

The following year, Maranville was the runner-up in the MVP voting to teammate Johnny Evers as the Braves won the National League pennant and then went on to sweep the powerful Philadelphia A's in the World Series.

Maranville passed away from stomach cancer.


Strickland left behind numerous paintings, but his magnum opus, which he painted on the walls of his hut before losing his sight to leprosy, was burnt after his death by his wife per his dying orders.

The Moon and Sixpence is a novel by W. Somerset Maugham first published in April 15th, 1919.

That book is The Moon and Sixpence.

The Moon and Sixpence is at once a satire of Edwardian mores and a Gauguin biography." According to some sources, the title, the meaning of which is not explicitly revealed in the book, was taken from a review of Maugham's novel Of Human Bondage in which the novel's protagonist, Philip Carey, is described as "so busy yearning for the moon that he never saw the sixpence at his feet." According to a 1956 letter from Maugham, "If you look on the ground in search of a sixpence, you don't look up, and so miss the moon.

The novel served as the basis for an opera, also titled The Moon and Sixpence, by John Gardner to a libretto by Patrick Terry; it was premiered at Sadlers Wells in 1957.Writer S Lee Pogostin

The Moon and Sixpence is not, of course, a life of Paul Gauguin in the form of fiction.

"We've Got the Moon and Sixpence", sung by Al Bowlly, takes its name from the book and Jack Kerouac

It is also mentioned frequently in Stephen King's 1998 novel Bag of Bones and in passing in his 2015 novel Finders Keepers.

I heard much about him. It occurred to me that there was in what I was told the subject of a novel".

The novel is written largely from the point of view of the narrator, a young, aspiring writer and playwright in London.

Early in the novel, he leaves his wife and children and goes to Paris. (The narrator enters directly into the story at this point, when he is asked by Mrs Strickland to go to Paris and talk with her husband.) He lives a destitute but defiantly content life there as a painter, lodging in run-down hotels and falling prey to both illness and hunger.

In the novel The Moon and Sixpence, Strickland is afflicted by a venereal disease.


Born in Mulhouse, Alsace in 1859, Dreyfus was the youngest of nine children born to Raphaël and Jeannette Dreyfus (née Libmann).

Alfred Dreyfus ( DRAY-fəs, also US:  DRY-, French: [alfʁɛd dʁɛfys]; 9 October 1859 – 12 July 1935) was a French artillery officer of Jewish ancestry whose trial and conviction in 1894 on charges of treason became one of the most controversial and polarizing political dramas in modern French history.

The French army of the period was relatively open to entry and advancement by talent, with an estimated 300 Jewish officers, of whom ten were generals.

Two years later, he graduated ninth in his class with honorable mention and was immediately designated as a trainee in the French Army's General Staff headquarters, where he would be the only Jewish officer.

From 1880 to 1882, he attended the artillery school at Fontainebleau to receive more specialized training as an artillery officer.

Alfred Dreyfus's grandchildren donated over three thousand documents to the Musée d'art et d'histoire du judaïsme (Museum of Jewish art and history), including personal letters, photographs of the trial, legal documents, writings by Dreyfus during his time in prison, personal family photographs, and his officer stripes that were ripped out as a symbol of treason.

He received de la Légion d'honneur, at the rank of "Officer," in November 1918.Dreyfus's son Pierre also served throughout the entire war as an artillery officer, receiving the Croix de guerre.

As a reserve officer, he re-entered the army as a major of artillery at the outbreak of World War I. Serving throughout the war, Dreyfus rose to the rank of lieutenant colonel.

In 1894, the French Army's counter-intelligence section, led by Lieutenant Colonel Jean Sandherr, became aware that information regarding new artillery parts was being passed to the Germans by a highly placed spy, most likely on the General Staff.

Raphaël Dreyfus was a prosperous, self-made Jewish textile manufacturer who had started as a peddler.

The inscription on his tombstone is in Hebrew and French.

Alfred Dreyfus was a French artillery officer of Jewish ancestry that had eight older siblings.


Personal life | Spirituality and religion

" Released shortly before his death, "Lazarus"—from his final album, Blackstar—began with the words, "Look up here, I'm in Heaven" while the rest of the album deals with other matters of mysticism and mortality.

He made Blackstar for us, his parting gift.

On 15 January, Blackstar debuted at number one on the UK Albums Chart; nineteen of his albums were in the UK Top 100 Albums Chart, and thirteen singles were in the UK Top 100 Singles Chart.

Music career | 2016–present: Posthumous releases

Apart from "Lazarus", the EP includes three songs that Bowie had recorded during the Blackstar sessions, but were left off the album and subsequently appeared on the soundtrack album for the Lazarus musical in October 2016.

Blackstar also debuted at number one on album charts around the world, including Australia, France, Germany, Italy, New Zealand, and the US Billboard 200.

According to The Times: "Blackstar may be the oddest work yet from Bowie".

Music career | 1972–1974: Ziggy Stardust

His own Aladdin Sane (1973) topped the UK chart, his first number-one album.

On 10 January 2016, two days after his 69th birthday and the release of the album Blackstar, Bowie died from liver cancer in his New York City apartment.

Music career | 1962–1967: Early career to debut album

Bowie formed his first band, the Konrads, in 1962 at the age of 15.

He remained musically active until he died of liver cancer at his home in New York City, two days after his 69th birthday and the release of his final album, Blackstar (2016).

The Next Day debuted at No. 1 on the UK Albums Chart, was his first album to achieve that position since Black Tie White Noise (1993), and was the fastest-selling album of 2013 at the time.

David Bowie's first album was  Blackstar.


Four years later, she married her half-cousin, Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley, and in June 1566 they had a son, James.

Childhood and early reign | Claim to the English throne

On 11 June 1560, their sister, Mary's mother, died, and so the question of future Franco-Scots relations was a pressing one.

Escape and imprisonment in England | Casket letters

They are widely believed to be crucial as to whether Mary shares the guilt for Darnley's murder.

Escape and imprisonment in England | Execution

As she disrobed Mary smiled and said she "never had such grooms before ... nor ever put off her clothes before such a company".

Mary, Queen of Scots (8 December 1542 – 8 February 1587), also known as Mary Stuart or Mary I of Scotland, reigned over Scotland from 14 December 1542 to 24 July 1567.

Childhood and early reign | Treaty of Greenwich

King Henry II of France proposed to unite France and Scotland by marrying the young queen to his three-year-old son, the Dauphin Francis.

Darnley shared a more recent Stewart lineage with the Hamilton family as a descendant of Mary Stewart, Countess of Arran, a daughter of James II of Scotland.

Marriage to Lord Darnley | Murder of Darnley

A week later, Bothwell managed to convince more than two dozen lords and bishops to sign the Ainslie Tavern Bond, in which they agreed to support his aim to marry the queen.

Elizabeth's vacillation and deliberately vague instructions gave her plausible deniability to attempt to avoid the direct stain of Mary's blood.

In May 1544, the English Earl of Hertford (later Duke of Somerset) raided Edinburgh, and the Scots took Mary to Dunkeld for safety.

Arran, with the support of his friends and relations, became the regent until 1554 when Mary's mother managed to remove and succeed him.

Mary, Queen of Scots shared blood related grandparents with her partner before they got married.


After the Supreme Leader, the Constitution defines the President of Iran as the highest state authority.

The Leader also has the power to dismiss the elected president anytime.

Government and politics | Supreme Leader

All of Iran's ambassadors to Arab countries, for example, are chosen by the Quds Corps, which directly reports to the Supreme Leader.

The Leader of the Revolution ("Supreme Leader") is responsible for delineation and supervision of the policies of the Islamic Republic of Iran.

The previous head of the judicial system, Sadeq Larijani, appointed by the Supreme Leader, said that it is illegal for the Assembly of Experts to supervise the Supreme Leader.

The current longtime Supreme Leader, Ali Khamenei, has been issuing decrees and making the final decisions on the economy, environment, foreign policy, education, national plannings, and everything else in the country.

The Supreme Leader Khamenei can and did order laws to be amended.

The Iranian president has limited power compared to the Supreme Leader Khamenei.

The budget bill for every year, as well as withdrawing money from the National Development Fund of Iran, require Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei's approval and permission.

Key ministers are selected with the Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei's agreement and he has the ultimate say on Iran's foreign policy.

The Assembly of Experts is responsible for electing the Supreme Leader, and has the power to dismiss him on the basis of qualifications and popular esteem.

There have been instances when the current Supreme Leader publicly criticized members of the Assembly of Experts, resulting in their arrest and dismissal.

The Supreme Leader of Iran holds more influence than any one else in the country.


The statue weighs 635 metric tons (625 long, 700 short tons), and is located at the peak of the 700-metre (2,300 ft) Corcovado mountain in the Tijuca Forest National Park overlooking the city of Rio de Janeiro.

oil company Shell do Brasil, environmental regulator IBAMA, National Institute of Historic and Artistic Heritage, and the city government of Rio de Janeiro entered an agreement to conduct restoration work.

The Catholic Circle of Rio made a second proposal for a landmark statue on the mountain in 1920.

In April 2020, during the COVID-19 pandemic, the statue in Rio de Janeiro was illuminated as a doctor in tribute to the health workers.

In 1990, several organizations, including the Archdiocese of Rio de Janeiro, media company Grupo Globo,

A symbol of Christianity across the world, the statue has also become a cultural icon of both Rio de Janeiro and Brazil, and is listed as one of the New7Wonders of the World.

The Rio de Janeiro state government initiated a restoration effort to replace some of the outer soapstone layers and repair the lightning rods on the statue.

Christ the Redeemer (Portuguese: Cristo Redentor, standard Brazilian Portuguese: [ˈkɾistu ʁedenˈtoʁ], local pronunciation: [ˈkɾiɕtŭ̻ xe̞denˈtoɦ]) is an Art Deco statue of Jesus Christ in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, created by French sculptor Paul Landowski and built by Brazilian engineer Heitor da Silva Costa, in collaboration with French engineer Albert Caquot.

The lightning rods located in the statue's head and arms were also repaired, and new lighting fixtures were installed at the foot of the statue.

Mayor Eduardo Paes called the act "a crime against the nation".

The statue is located at the peak of the Corcovado mountains in the Tijuca Forest National Park  overlooking Rio de Janeiro.


Innocent III played further roles in the politics of Norway, France, Sweden, Bulgaria, Spain and England.

During Innocent III's reign, the papacy was at the height of its powers.

She was as eager to remove German power from the kingdom of Sicily as was Innocent III.

In 1198, Innocent wrote to the prefect Acerbius and the nobles of Tuscany expressing his support of the medieval political theory of the sun and the moon.

This determination meant, among other things, that princes should not be involved in the selection of bishops, and it was focused especially on the "patrimonium" of the papacy, the section of central Italy claimed by the popes and later called the Papal States.

As pope, Innocent III began with a very wide sense of his responsibility and of his authority.

Pope Innocent was one of the most powerful and influential of the medieval popes.

Biography | Involvement in Imperial elections

In May 1202, Innocent issued the decree Venerabilem, addressed to the Duke of Zähringen, in which he explained his thinking on the relation between the papacy and the Empire.

At the request of England's King John, Pope Innocent III declared the Magna Carta annulled, resulting in a rebellion by the English Barons who rejected the disenfranchisement.

He took the name Innocent III, maybe as a reference to his predecessor Innocent II (1130–1143), who had succeeded in asserting the papacy's authority over the emperor (in contrast with Celestine III's recent policy).

Powerful, Pope Innocent III, was heavily involved in the politics during his papacy.


The Theogony (Greek: Θεογονία, Theogonía, Attic Greek: [tʰeoɡoníaː], i.e. "the genealogy or birth of the gods") is a poem by Hesiod (8th – 7th century BC) describing the origins and genealogies of the Greek gods, composed c. 730–700 BC.

Although it is often used as a sourcebook for Greek mythology, the Theogony is both more and less than that.

Theogonies are a part of Greek mythology which embodies the desire to articulate reality as a whole; this universalizing impulse was fundamental for the first later projects of speculative theorizing.

The heritage of Greek mythology already embodied the desire to articulate reality as a whole, and this universalizing impulse was fundamental for the first projects of speculative theorizing.

It is necessary to see the Theogony not as the definitive source of Greek mythology, but rather as a snapshot of a dynamic tradition that happened to crystallize when Hesiod formulated the myths he knew—and to remember that the traditions have continued evolving since that time.

Frazer, R.M. (Richard McIlwaine), The Poems of Hesiod, Norman : University of Oklahoma Press, 1983.

In the Theogony, the origin (arche) is Chaos, a divine primordial condition, and there are the roots and the ends of the earth, sky, sea, and Tartarus.

Hesiod's Theogony is a large-scale synthesis of a vast variety of local Greek traditions concerning the gods, organized as a narrative that tells how they came to be and how they established permanent control over the cosmos.

In ancient Greek philosophy, arche is the element or first principle of all things, a permanent nature or substance which is conserved in the generation of the rest of it.

Thales (7th – 6th century BC), the first Greek philosopher, claimed that the first principle of all things is water.

Greek mythology is the topic of the poem Theogony.


The film is a fictionalized account about the Great Chicago Fire of 1871 and stars Alice Brady as Mrs. O'Leary, the owner of the cow which started the fire, and Tyrone Power and Don Ameche as her sons.

In Old Chicago is a 1938 American drama disaster film directed by Henry King.

The O'Leary family are traveling to Chicago to start a new life when Patrick O'Leary tries to race a steam train in his wagon.

When Dion learns from Bob how the fire really started, he rushes to Jack's aid.

Some sources claim that MGM offered to loan both Harlow and Clark Gable to Fox for In Old Chicago if they reciprocated by loaning Shirley Temple to MGM for their upcoming production of The Wizard of Oz.

The Mayor of Chicago in 1871 was Roswell B. Mason, not an O'Leary son.

In the movie there are three sons.

Despite crediting the Chicago Historical Society for assistance with historical research, much of the film is fictionalized.

At the time of its release, it was one of the most expensive movies ever made.

A fire breaks out. Soon the whole of the Patch is on fire.

In Old Chicago is a movie about a fire that started in Chicago.


Shortly after arriving in Inisfree, he meets and falls in love with the fiery Mary Kate Danaher (Maureen O'Hara), the sister of a bullying but prosperous landowner, Squire "Red" Will Danaher (Victor McLaglen).

In the 1920s, Sean Thornton (John Wayne), an Irish-born American from Pittsburgh, travels to his birthplace—"Inisfree", Ireland—to purchase his family's former farm.

The Special features on this edition include "The Making of the Quiet Man" Documentary with Leonard Maltin, and "The Joy of Ireland" Documentary with Maureen O'Hara and Andrew V. McLaglen, and "Remembering The Quiet Man Montage".

Will now allows Mary Kate to marry Sean; however, at their wedding he realizes he was deceived about the widow's willingness to marry him.

In 2010 there was a documentary called Dreaming The Quiet Man made about the journey and making of The Quiet Man.

It included the documentary "The Making of the Quiet Man" with Leonard Maltin.

Sean's quiet manner and reluctance to fight for his new wife's dowry are attributed to a tragedy he experienced prior to his return to Ireland.

The Quiet Man Fan Club holds its annual general meeting in Ashford Castle.

The Quiet Man is a 1952 American romantic comedy-drama film directed by John Ford.

The Quiet Man won the Academy Award for Best Director for John Ford, his fourth, and for Best Cinematography.

Will then retaliates by refusing consent for his sister to marry.

When Maureen O'Hara died in October 2015, her family stated she listened to music from The Quiet Man during her final hours.

In the movie The Quiet Man, Sean marries in America and they immigrate to Ireland.


The capital is Washington, D.C., and the most populous city is New York City.

In addition, the Census Bureau provides a continuously updated U.S. Population Clock that approximates the latest population of the 50 states and District of Columbia based on the Bureau's most recent demographic trends.

Government and politics | Political divisions

The District of Columbia is a federal district that contains the capital of the United States, Washington,

The United States is the third most populous nation in the world, after China and India.

In 2018 the median age of the United States population was 38.1 years.

The District of Columbia and the five major U.S. territories do not have senators.

Its population growth rate is positive at 0.7%, higher than that of many developed nations.

D.C. The states and the District of Columbia choose the president of the United States.

The U.S. Census Bureau officially estimated the country's population to be 328,239,523 as of July 1, 2019.

Estimates for the year 2018 show that 53 metropolitan areas have populations greater than one million.

The United States has a very diverse population; 37 ancestry groups have more than one million members.

The US's most populated district is NYC.


Inception grossed over US$829 million worldwide, becoming the fourth highest-grossing film of 2010.

Author Stephen King placed Inception at #3 in his list of top 10 best movies of the year.

In the same year, Total Film named it the most rewatchable movie of all time.

In 2014, Empire ranked Inception the tenth greatest film ever made on their list of "The 301 Greatest Movies Of All Time" as voted by the magazine's readers, while Rolling Stone magazine named it the second best science fiction film since the turn of the century.

As of 2018, the home video releases have sold over 9 million units and grossed over $160 million.

Inception appeared on over 273 critics' lists of the top ten films of 2010, being picked as number-one on at least 55 of those lists.

Many critics and media outlets included Inception in their rankings of the best films of the 2010s.

On June 7, 2010, a behind-the-scenes featurette on the film was released in HD on Yahoo! Movies.

In 2012, Inception was ranked the 35th Best Edited Film of All Time by the Motion Picture Editors Guild.

Critics and publications who ranked the film first for that year included Richard Roeper of the Chicago Sun-Times, Kenneth Turan of the Los Angeles Times (tied with The Social Network and Toy Story 3), Tasha Robinson of The A.V. Club, Empire magazine, and Kirk Honeycutt of The Hollywood Reporter.

The whole point of cinematic imagery is it's three dimensional... You know 95% of our depth cues come from occlusion, resolution, color and so forth, so the idea of calling a 2D movie a '2D movie' is a little misleading.

The movie Inception made over $800 million dollars in the year it was released, ranking among the top three movies that year.


Farfetch is an online luxury fashion retail platform that sells products from over 700 boutiques and brands from around the world.

In 2001 he created B Store, a fashion licensing and wholesale company selling a range of up-and-coming designer labels in a physical store.

" The business continues to grow, and in 2013, it retailed products from over 1500 global fashion brands, attracting 4.3 million weekly visitors to the site.

Rogers was the former fashion director of online retailer Net-A-Porter.

This led to the company being branded as a 'unicorn' company by media commentators, a term used to denote start-ups valued at $1billion+.Farfetch announced its acquisition of London boutique retailer Browns in May 2015.

During a trip to Paris Fashion Week in 2007, when Neves was wholesaling for his B Store brand, the idea for a virtual boutique marketplace came to fruition.

A 2013 interview in The Daily Telegraph details the moment when Neves realised the need to give independent fashion boutiques an online retail presence: "Dozens of boutique owners had been through our doors and what they were saying was really sobering.

Digital Masters Awards Winner: Best E-Store – WGSN

Farfetch has offices in 11 cities and employs over 3,000 staff.

In September 2018, the company went public.

This is a fashion company that has retail stores all over the globe.


Wagner was born to German immigrants Peter and Katheryn Wagner in the borough of Chartiers, in what is now Carnegie, Pennsylvania.

Professional career | Career before Major League Baseball

Honus' brother Albert "Butts" Wagner was considered the ballplayer of the family.

Wagner was nicknamed "The Flying Dutchman" due to his superb speed and German heritage.

Honus Wagner's family was of German descent.


Reflection of light | Complex conjugate reflection

If one were to look into a complex conjugating mirror, it would be black because only the photons which left the pupil would reach the pupil.

As the waves interact at low angle with the surface of this tunnel they are reflected toward the focus point (or toward another interaction with the tunnel surface, eventually being directed to the detector at the focus).

Reflection from a flat surface forms a mirror image, which appears to be reversed from left to right because we compare the image we see to what we would see if we were rotated into the position of the image.

Other types of reflection | Sound reflection

When a longitudinal sound wave strikes a flat surface, sound is reflected in a coherent manner provided that the dimension of the reflective surface is large compared to the wavelength of the sound.

Reflection of light | Multiple reflections

When light reflects off a mirror, one image appears.

As a result, the overall nature of the reflection varies according to the texture and structure of the surface.

In the theory of exterior noise mitigation, reflective surface size mildly detracts from the concept of a noise barrier by reflecting some of the sound into the opposite direction.

A square of four mirrors placed face to face give the appearance of an infinite number of images arranged in a plane.

Two mirrors placed exactly face to face give the appearance of an infinite number of images along a straight line.

When flying over clouds illuminated by sunlight the region seen around the aircraft's shadow will appear brighter, and a similar effect may be seen from dew on grass.

Some surfaces exhibit retroreflection.

There is no type of reflective surface that would appear be completely dark in a well-lit room.