The cast could not sign contracts for the film due to the De Havilland Law, which makes it illegal to contract someone for more than seven years of work.

Boyhood is a 2014 American coming-of-age drama film written and directed by Richard Linklater, and starring Patricia Arquette, Ellar Coltrane, Lorelei Linklater, and Ethan Hawke.

Boyhood premiered at the 2014 Sundance Film Festival and was released theatrically on July 11, 2014.

When Arquette became the lead on the TV series Medium, she filmed her scenes over weekends.

Director Christopher Nolan named Boyhood as his favorite film of 2014, calling it "extraordinary".

A. O. Scott, also writing for The New York Times, called Boyhood the best film of 2014, saying that he could not think of any film that had affected him the way Boyhood had in his 15 years as a professional film critic.

Both Metacritic and Rotten Tomatoes listed Boyhood as the best-reviewed film of 2014.Boyhood appeared on more critics' annual "best-of" lists in 2014 than any other film, including the most first-place votes.

Jaime Woo, of The Daily Dot, took issue with critics who identified the film as a portrait of “normal” Americans, asking: “More than one reviewer noted how impressive it was to capture these “ordinary” Americans: In fact, Salon's Andrew O’Hehir used the word three times in his review.

He incorporated changes he saw in each actor into the script, while also allowing all major actors to participate in the writing process by incorporating their life experiences into their characters' stories.

Doing a scene with a young boy at the age of seven when he talks about why do raccoons die, and at the age of 12 when he talks about video games, and 17 when he asks me about girls, and have it be the same actor—to watch his voice and body morph

In the 2014 American coming-of-age drama film Boyhood, the lead actor could not sign a contract because he was too young.


Sean's quiet manner and reluctance to fight for his new wife's dowry are attributed to a tragedy he experienced prior to his return to Ireland.

The Quiet Man is a 1952 American romantic comedy-drama film directed by John Ford.

In 2010 there was a documentary called Dreaming The Quiet Man made about the journey and making of The Quiet Man.

The melody of the "Isle of Innisfree", which is first heard over the opening credit sequence with Ashford Castle in the background, becomes the principal musical theme of The Quiet Man.

It included the documentary "The Making of the Quiet Man" with Leonard Maltin.

The Special features on this edition include "The Making of the Quiet Man" Documentary with Leonard Maltin, and "The Joy of Ireland" Documentary with Maureen O'Hara and Andrew V. McLaglen, and "Remembering The Quiet Man Montage".

The Quiet Man Fan Club holds its annual general meeting in Ashford Castle.

On January 22, 2013 Olive Films released The Quiet Man on DVD and for the first time on Blu-ray, as a 60th Anniversary Special edition.

The Quiet Man won the Academy Award for Best Director for John Ford, his fourth, and for Best Cinematography.

Among those are Lettergesh beach, where the horse race scene was filmed, "The Quiet Man Bridge", signposted off the N59 road between Maam Cross and Oughterard and the "White O'Morn" cottage.

When Maureen O'Hara died in October 2015, her family stated she listened to music from The Quiet Man during her final hours.

The 1952 film The Quiet Man is about a mute man who tries to win over a woman he sees on a train.


Social and military revolution | Weapons changes

Shaka is often said to have been dissatisfied with the long throwing assegai, and is credited with having introduced a new variant of the weapon: the iklwa, a short stabbing spear with a long, broad, and indeed sword-like, spearhead.

Different coloured shields distinguished different amabutho within Shaka's army.

" The throwing spear was not discarded but used as an initial missile weapon before close contact with the enemy, when the shorter stabbing spear was used in hand-to-hand combat.

Social and military revolution | Mobility of the army

They Fought, and Anatomy of the Zulu Army.

Social and military revolution | As borrower not innovator

J.H. Soga implied as much when he used genealogical evidence to argue that the Zulu were an upstart group inferior in dignity and distinction to established chiefdoms in their region, for example, the Hlubi, Ndwandwe, and Dlamini lines.83 Using different informants and genealogical charts, A.T. Bryant arrived at similar conclusions.

Scholarship studies | Biographical sources

Various modern historians writing on Shaka and the Zulu point to the uncertain nature of Fynn and Isaac's accounts of Shaka's reign.

Social and military revolution | Creator of a revolutionary warfare style

By the time of Shaka's assassination in 1828, it had made the Zulu kingdom the greatest power in southern Africa and a force to be reckoned with, even against Britain's modern army in 1879.Much controversy still surrounds the character, methods and activities of the Zulu king.

He further claims that even though these stories have been repeated by "astonished and admiring white commentators," the Zulu army covered "no more than 19 kilometres (12 mi) a day, and usually went only about 14 kilometres (8.7 mi)." Furthermore, Zulus under Shaka sometimes advanced more slowly.

Fynn's statement that once the Zulu army reached hard and stony ground in 1826, Shaka ordered sandals of ox-hide to be made for himself?"Laband also dismissed the idea of a 50 miles (80 km) march in a single day as ridiculous.

Social and military revolution | Age-grade regimental system

Age-grade groupings of various sorts were common in the Bantu culture of the day, and indeed are still important in much of Africa.

It argues that in many ways, the image of Shaka has been "invented" in the modern era according to whatever agenda persons hold.

Shaka modernized the Zulu army by using a different, shorter sort of poking stick.


The screenplay was adapted by David Self from the graphic novel of the same name written by Max Allan Collins and illustrated by Richard Piers Rayner.

The film's title, Road to Perdition, is both Michael Sullivan and his son's destination town and a euphemism for Hell, a road that Sullivan desires to prevent his son from traveling.

Novelist Max Allan Collins acknowledged the influence of Lone Wolf and Cub on his graphic novel Road to Perdition in an interview to the BBC, declaring that "Road To Perdition is 'an unabashed homage' to Lone Wolf and Cub".

In 2016, Brash Books published Collins' original version of the novelization as Road to Perdition: The New, Expanded Edition Road to Perdition was released on DVD on February 25, 2003, in both full screen and anamorphic widescreen versions.

When Max Allan Collins wrote the graphic novel Road to Perdition, his book agent saw potential in the story as a film adaptation and showed it to a film agent.

Mendes filmed Road to Perdition using the Super 35 format.

Duplicate language in characters' confrontations in Road to Perdition was trimmed to the absolute minimum.

Road to Perdition is a 2002 American crime drama film directed by Sam Mendes.

Mendes described Road to Perdition as a "poetic, elegiac story, in which the pictures tell the story".

In the final 20 minutes of Road to Perdition, the script was written to have only six lines of dialogue.

The Road to Perdition was based on a novel with the same title.


French sculptor Paul Landowski created the work.

Christ the Redeemer (Portuguese: Cristo Redentor, standard Brazilian Portuguese: [ˈkɾistu ʁedenˈtoʁ], local pronunciation: [ˈkɾiɕtŭ̻ xe̞denˈtoɦ]) is an Art Deco statue of Jesus Christ in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, created by French sculptor Paul Landowski and built by Brazilian engineer Heitor da Silva Costa, in collaboration with French engineer Albert Caquot.

In 1922, Landowski commissioned fellow Parisian Romanian sculptor Gheorghe Leonida, who studied sculpture at the Fine Arts Conservatory in Bucharest and in Italy.

Romanian sculptor Gheorghe Leonida fashioned the face.

The designs considered for the "Statue of the Christ" included a representation of the Christian cross, a statue of Jesus with a globe in his hands, and a pedestal symbolizing the world.

In 2010, a massive restoration of the statue began.

The four-month restoration in 2010 focused on the statue itself.

The statue of Christ the Redeemer with open arms, a symbol of peace, was chosen.

Local engineer Heitor da Silva Costa designed the statue.

More work on the statue and its environs was conducted in 2003 and early 2010.

French sculptor Paul Landowski created the statue.


Walsh started his professional baseball career with the 1902 Wilkes-Barre Barons.

Walsh made his major league debut in 1904 with the Chicago White Sox and pitched his first full season in 1906, going 17–13 with a 1.88 ERA and 171 strikeouts.

Walsh's son Ed Walsh Jr. played for the White Sox from 1928 to 1932.

Edward Augustine "Big Ed" Walsh (May 14, 1881 – May 26, 1959) was an American pitcher and manager in Major League Baseball.

His career ERA of 1.82 is the lowest major league ERA ever posted.

He attempted a comeback with the Boston Braves in 1917, but was let go, ending his major league career.

In 1999, Walsh was ranked number 82 on The Sporting News' list of the 100 Greatest Baseball Players, and was nominated as a finalist for the Major League Baseball All-Century Team.

Interviewed for the book The Glory of Their Times, Hall of Famer Sam Crawford referred to Walsh's use of a pitch that was later outlawed: "Big Ed Walsh.

Walsh's playing time began dwindling in 1913.

Walsh also set an American League record by pitching 464 innings in a season.

Ed Walsh joined the major league two years after he played with the Barons.


It is generally considered to be the second novel in Cather's Prairie Trilogy, following O Pioneers! (1913) and preceding My Ántonia (1918).

Set in the 1890s in Moonstone, a fictional town in Colorado, The Song of the Lark is the self-portrait of an artist in the making.

The Song of the Lark is the third novel by American author Willa Cather, written in 1915.

He had been a painter and decorator in Trinidad, Colorado before moving to Moonstone.

Plot summary | Part II: The Song of the Lark

In Chicago, Thea settles close to the parish of a Swedish Reformed Church with two German women.

She sings in the choir and in funerals for a stipend, and she takes piano lessons with Mr. Harsanyi.

When Mr. Harsanyi learns Thea sings in a church choir, he asks her to sing.

He is very impressed by her voice.

Later, he meets with the conductor of the Chicago Orchestra and asks him who is the best voice teacher in the area; it is Madison Bowers.

He then parts with Thea, explaining that her voice is her true artistic gift, not her playing.

After several weeks of singing lessons, she takes a train back to Moonstone for her summer vacation.

The Song of the Lark came before My Antonia.


Dingane and Mhlangana, Shaka's half-brothers, appear to have made at least two attempts to assassinate Shaka before they succeeded, with perhaps support from Mpondo elements and some disaffected iziYendane people.

He was ultimately assassinated by his half brothers Dingane and Mhlangana.

It was all the conspirators needed—they being Shaka's half-brothers, Dingane and Mhlangana, and an iNduna called Mbopa.

Shaka's half-brother Dingane assumed power and embarked on an extensive purge of pro-Shaka elements and chieftains, running over several years, in order to secure his position.

When Senzangakhona (Shaka's father) died in 1816, Shaka's younger half-brother Sigujana assumed power as the legitimate heir to the Zulu chiefdom.

Expansion of power and conflict with Zwide

A frontal assault by their opponents failed to dislodge them, and Shaka sealed the victory by sending his reserve forces in a sweep around the hill to attack the enemy's rear.

Dingane ruled for some twelve years, during which time he fought, disastrously, against the Voortrekkers, and against another half-brother, Mpande, who, with Boer and British support, took over the Zulu leadership in 1840, ruling for some 30 years.

This ambiguity continues to lend the image of Shaka its continued power and influence, almost two centuries after his death.

He also had two prominent front teeth.

They spent two whole days recuperating in one instance, and on another they rested for a day and two nights before pursuing their enemy.

Shaka assassinated his two half brothers after multiple fails.


Socratic problem | Socrates as a philosopher

More specifically, in the Apology, Socrates cites his poverty as proof that he is not a teacher.

Aristotle refers frequently, but in passing, to Socrates in his writings.

Socrates frequently says his ideas are not his own, but his teachers'.

A Saint, a prophet of 'the Sun-God', a teacher condemned for his teachings as a heretic.

It is often claimed much of the anti-democratic leanings are from Plato, who was never able to overcome his disgust at what was done to his teacher.

Aristotle, in his Magna Moralia, refers to Socrates in words which make it patent that the doctrine virtue is knowledge was held by Socrates.

For his part as a philosophical interlocutor, he leads his respondent to a clearer conception of wisdom, although he claims he is not himself a teacher (Apology).

Aristotle himself was as much of a philosopher as he was a scientist with extensive work in the fields of biology and physics.

The testimony of Xenophon and Aristotle, alongside some of Aristophanes's work (especially The Clouds), is useful in fleshing out a perception of Socrates beyond Plato's work.

Plato, Xenophon, and Aristotle are the main sources for the historical Socrates; however, Xenophon and Plato were students of Socrates, and they may idealize him; however, they wrote the only extended descriptions of Socrates that have come down to us in their complete form.

Socrates was the teacher of Aristotle.


That night, Moze is accosted by Ku Klux Klan members and savagely beaten.

It is 1935 and Waxahachie, Texas, is a small, segregated town in the midst of the Great Depression.

Places in the Heart is a 1984 American drama film written and directed by Robert Benton about a Depression-era Texas widow who tries to save her family farm with the help of a blind white man and a poor black man.

Places in the Heart was released in theatres on September 21, 1984.

Places in the Heart grossed $274,279 in its opening weekend.

It was filmed in Waxahachie, Texas, on Jack Davis' farm.

Local white vigilantes tie Wylie to a truck and drag his body through town before hanging him from a tree.

The consensus is: "Places in the Heart is a quiet character piece with grand ambitions that it more than fulfills, thanks to absorbing work from writer-director Robert Benton and a tremendous cast." Vincent Canby of The New York Times wrote in his review: "Robert Benton has made one of the best films in years about growing up American." Canby called it "moving and often funny" and "a tonic, a revivifying experience right down to the final images", comparing it to Luis Bunuel's Tristana".

The film grossed $34.9 million in the US.

The film closes with all the characters gathered in church singing in unison.

The 1984 film Places in the Heart is about small town Texas in the Great Depression and has an incident of racial violence involving the Ku Klux Klan.


Pontiac or Obwandiyag (c. 1714/20 – April 20, 1769) was an Odawa war chief known for his role in the war named for him, from 1763 to 1766 leading Native Americans in a struggle against British military occupation of the Great Lakes region.

Pontiac was also the name of a popular automobile brand of General Motors, developed and originally based in Detroit, which was discontinued in 2010.

Nothing prevents us; they are few in numbers, and we can accomplish it.

A park at the confluence of the Maumee and Auglaise rivers in Defiance is named Pontiac Park and identified as his birthplace.

Places named for Pontiac include the cities of Pontiac in Michigan and Illinois in the United States; Pontiac, Quebec in Canada; and the Pontiac Regional County Municipality in Quebec.

He was apparently avenging his uncle, a Peoria chief named Makachinga (Black Dog), whom Pontiac had stabbed and badly wounded in 1766.

Pontiac's importance in the war that bears his name has been debated.

The killer was a Peoria warrior whose name has not been preserved.

Contributing to the anti-British sentiment was a religious revival inspired by a Lenape prophet named Neolin, who called for Indians to reject European cultural influences and return to traditional ways.

Pontiac claimed greater authority than he possessed.

Mister Pontiac has nothing to do with the automobiles by the same name.


Britten was born in the fishing port of Lowestoft in Suffolk, on the east coast of England on 22 November 1913, the feast day of Saint Cecilia.

A month after the opening of Peter Grimes, Britten and Yehudi Menuhin went to Germany to give recitals to concentration camp survivors.

Born in Lowestoft, Suffolk, the son of a dentist, Britten showed talent from an early age.

"Britten, (Edward) Benjamin".

The Music of Benjamin Britten.

The Operas of Benjamin Britten.

Benjamin Britten: Peter Grimes.

Oliver, Michael (1996). Benjamin Britten.

A Boy was Born in 1934. With the premiere of Peter Grimes in 1945, he leapt to international fame.

Life and career | Education | Public school and Royal College of Music

A Boy was Born, written in 1933 for the BBC Singers, who first performed it the following year.

Benjamin Britten was born in Germany.


A neutrino ( or ) (denoted by the Greek letter ν) is a fermion (an elementary particle with spin of 1/2) that interacts only via the weak subatomic force and gravity.

Neutrinos have half-integer spin (½ ħ); therefore they are fermions.

Cosmic ray neutrino experiments detect neutrinos from space to study both the nature of neutrinos and the cosmic sources producing them.

Other efforts search for evidence of a sterile neutrino – a fourth neutrino flavor that does not interact with matter like the three known neutrino flavors.

These efforts marked the beginning of neutrino astronomy.

When the third type of lepton, the tau, was discovered in 1975 at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, it was also expected to have an associated neutrino (the tau neutrino).

The antineutrino discovered by Cowan and Reines is the antiparticle of the electron neutrino.

SN 1987A represents the only verified detection of neutrinos from a supernova.

Research | Detectors near artificial neutrino sources

International scientific collaborations install large neutrino detectors near nuclear reactors or in neutrino beams from particle accelerators to better constrain the neutrino masses and the values for the magnitude and rates of oscillations between neutrino flavors.

First evidence for this third neutrino type came from the observation of missing energy and momentum in tau decays analogous to the beta decay leading to the discovery of the electron neutrino.

A neutrino is a fermion.


Shaka chose a particularly gruesome revenge on her, locking her in a house and placing jackals or hyenas inside: they devoured her and, in the morning, Shaka burned the house to the ground.

Scholarship studies | The Mfecane | Disruptions of the Mfecane

However, Fynn had no way of knowing any such thing: it was a thumb-suck based in a particular view of Shaka—Shaka as a kind of genocidal maniac, an unresting killing-machine.

Shaka observed several demonstrations of European technology and knowledge, but he held that the Zulu way was superior to that of the foreigners.

Shaka then led a fresh reserve some 70 miles (110 km) to the royal kraal of Zwide, ruler of the Ndwandwe, and destroyed it.

Social and military revolution | Shakan methods versus European technology

As for firearms, Shaka acknowledged their utility as missile weapons after seeing muzzle-loaders demonstrated, but he argued that in the time a gunman took to reload, he would be swamped by charging spear-wielding warriors.

The King Shaka International Airport at La Mercy, 35 kilometres (22 mi) north of the Durban city centre was opened on 1 May 2010 in preparation for the 2010 FIFA World Cup after a protracted debate over the naming of the airport.

Some scholars hold that popular depictions of Shaka as a suddenly appearing genius creating innovation are overstated, and that to the contrary, Shaka was a borrower and imitator of indigenous methods, customs and even ruler-lineages already in place.

In fact, European travellers to Shaka's kingdom demonstrated advanced technology such as firearms and writing, but the Zulu monarch was less than convinced.

The hypothesis that several states of a new kind arose about the same time does not take account of the contrast between the short line of Shaka and the long pedigrees of his most important opponents – especially the coalition grouped around his deadly enemy Zwide (d. 1822).

They also argue that Shaka's line was relatively short-lived and receives undue attention, compared to other, longer established lines and rulers in the region.

Zwide himself escaped with a handful of followers before falling foul of a chieftainess named Mjanji, ruler of a baBelu clan. (He died in mysterious circumstances soon afterwards.) Zwide's general Soshangane (of the Shangaan) moved north towards what is now Mozambique to inflict further damage on less resistant foes and take advantage of slaving opportunities, obliging Portuguese traders to give tribute.

Shaka was a demonstrably merciful and kind ruler.


Managerial and coaching career | Return to Detroit Tigers

On November 3, 2014, it was announced that Trammell would return to Detroit as a special assistant to Tigers' general manager Dave Dombrowski.

Managerial and coaching career | Chicago Cubs and Arizona Diamondbacks

He and Gibson were fired on September 26, 2014, though Trammell stayed on for the final three games of the season to serve as the interim manager.

He also served as the interim manager for the Arizona Diamondbacks during the final three games of the 2014 season.

Playing career | Later years, injuries and retirement

He served as the bench coach for the Arizona Diamondbacks under former teammate Kirk Gibson until returning to the Tigers in late 2014 as a special assistant to the general manager.

Managerial and coaching career | Detroit Tigers

In October 2006, Trammell returned to Comerica Park for the first time since his firing to participate, along with Sparky Anderson, in pregame festivities prior to Game 2 of the World Series.

Trammell was named bench coach of the Arizona Diamondbacks in October 2010 joining his former teammate Kirk Gibson who had earlier been named manager.

In 1987, asked by manager Sparky Anderson to replace the departed Lance Parrish as cleanup hitter, Trammell responded with his best major league season, hitting a career-high 28 home runs to go with a career-high .343 batting average (ranking third in the AL).

After being replaced by Leyland, Trammell turned down an offer to stay with the Tigers as a special assistant, instead opting to sit out 2006.

Gibson had previously been Trammell's bench and hitting coach with the Tigers.

Alan Trammell was named the manager of a struggling Tigers team on October 9, 2002.

Trammell was able to go back to the Tigers in 2014 after getting fired from the Diamondbacks.


Jesse Joseph Haines (July 22, 1893 – August 5, 1978), nicknamed "Pop", was a right-handed pitcher in for the Cincinnati Reds and St. Louis Cardinals of Major League Baseball (MLB).

Haines began to pitch fewer games in 1932.

After the committee selected Haines, Frisch commented that Haines was "a worthy, worthy man... a great competitor, a fine fellow off and on the field." Sabermetrician Bill James has listed Haines as one of ten examples of Hall of Fame inductees who do not deserve the honor.

Haines pitched on three World Series championship teams.

Haines wanted to play baseball for the local team in Phillipsburg.

Haines worked on the coaching staff of the Brooklyn Dodgers in 1938.

During his minor league days, Haines married Carrie M. Weidner.

They had one child. Haines became a fixture in the Cardinals starting rotation in 1920.

Though he had a kind personality off the field, Haines was known as a fiery competitor during games.

As his career went on, Haines became known as "Pop" because of the influence he exerted on younger teammates.

After retiring in 1937 with a 210–158 win-loss record, Haines was a coach with the Brooklyn Dodgers in 1938.

Haines was sometimes referred to as "Pop".


Their efforts pay off as Edna and Moze find themselves first in line at the wholesaler with the season's first bale of cotton.

The film stars Sally Field, Lindsay Crouse, Ed Harris, Ray Baker, Amy Madigan, John Malkovich, Danny Glover, Jerry Haynes and Terry O'Quinn.

Places in the Heart grossed $274,279 in its opening weekend.

Places in the Heart was released in theatres on September 21, 1984.

Edna realizes she cannot make the next payment even if she sells all her cotton.

Places in the Heart is a 1984 American drama film written and directed by Robert Benton about a Depression-era Texas widow who tries to save her family farm with the help of a blind white man and a poor black man.

Roger Ebert wrote in his review that Benton's "memories provide the material for a wonderful movie, and he has made it, but unfortunately he hasn't stopped at that.

He tells a central story of great power, and then keeps leaving it to catch us up with minor characters we never care about." In 1985, when Sally Field accepted her second Oscar (the first was for Norma Rae), she uttered the memorable (and much-mocked) line " I can't deny the fact that you like me—right now, you like me!

The film closes with all the characters gathered in church singing in unison.

The consensus is: "Places in the Heart is a quiet character piece with grand ambitions that it more than fulfills, thanks to absorbing work from writer-director Robert Benton and a tremendous cast." Vincent Canby of The New York Times wrote in his review: "Robert Benton has made one of the best films in years about growing up American." Canby called it "moving and often funny" and "a tonic, a revivifying experience right down to the final images", comparing it to Luis Bunuel's Tristana".

The next day, Edna visits Mr. Denby to relay her decision not to sell the farm.

In the movie Places in the Heart, Sally Field's character sells her cotton to the wholesaler.


Life and career | Ravel; rising fame; First World War

Despite his age—he was forty-two in 1914—Vaughan Williams volunteered for military service on the outbreak of the First World War.

The First World War, in which he served in the army, had a lasting emotional effect.

In the years between his return from Paris in 1908 and the outbreak of the First World War in 1914, Vaughan Williams increasingly established himself as a figure in British music.

After the armistice in 1918 he served as director of music for the British First Army until demobilised in February 1919.

Ralph Vaughan Williams  ( (listen); 12 October 1872 – 26 August 1958) was an English composer.

During the Second World War Vaughan Williams was active in civilian war work, chairing the Home Office Committee for the Release of Interned Alien Musicians, helping Myra Hess with the organisation of the daily National Gallery concerts, serving on a committee for refugees from Nazi oppression, and on the Council for the Encouragement of Music and the Arts (CEMA), the forerunner of the Arts Council.

The war left its emotional mark on Vaughan Williams, who lost many comrades and friends, including the young composer George Butterworth.

In 1994 a group of enthusiasts founded the Ralph Vaughan Williams Society, with the composer's widow as its president and Roy Douglas and Michael Kennedy as vice presidents.

Between these successes and the start of war Vaughan Williams's largest-scale work was the first version of A London Symphony (1914).

Vaughan Williams himself said that Ravel had helped him escape from "the heavy contrapuntal Teutonic manner".

Ralph Vaughan Williams served in the Secod World War.


Gertrude "Trudy" Belle Elion (January 23, 1918 – February 21, 1999) was an American biochemist and pharmacologist, who shared the 1988 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with George H. Hitchings and Sir James Black for their use of innovative methods of rational drug design for the development of new drugs.

Elion made a critical decision in her life, and stayed with her job and give up the pursuit of her doctorate.

Elion was the fifth female Nobel laureate in Medicine and the ninth in science in general, and one of only a handful of laureates without a doctoral degree.

but after several years of long-range commuting, she was informed that she would no longer be able to continue her doctorate on a part-time basis, but would need to give up her job and go to school full-time.

Elion, G. (1989). " The Purine Path to Chemotherapy".

Elion never married or had children.

Elion was born in New York City on January 23, 1918, to parents Robert Elion, a Lithuanian Jewish immigrant and a dentist, and Bertha Cohen, a Polish immigrant.

Gertrude Elion died in North Carolina in 1999, aged 81.

While Elion had many jobs to support herself and put herself through school, Elion had also worked for the National Cancer Institute, American Association for Cancer Research, and World Health Organization, among other organizations.

Elion was an excellent student who graduated from Walton High School at the age of 15.

In 1991 Elion became the first woman to be inducted into the National Inventors Hall of Fame.

Elion was a French doctor.


The diplomats, Charles Cotesworth Pinckney, John Marshall, and Elbridge Gerry, were approached through informal channels by agents of the French foreign minister, Talleyrand, who demanded bribes and a loan before formal negotiations could begin.

Commission to France | Later negotiations

Gerry, although he sought to maintain unity with his co-commissioners, was told by Talleyrand that if he left France the Directory would declare war.

The XYZ Affair was a political and diplomatic episode in 1797 and 1798, early in the presidency of John Adams, involving a confrontation between the United States and Republican France that led to the Quasi-War.

Z. The use of these disguising letters led the business to immediately become known as the "XYZ Affair.

The warlike attitude of the United States and the start of the Quasi-War (a naval war between the two countries that was fought primarily in the Caribbean) convinced Talleyrand that he had miscalculated in his dealings with the commissioners.

Democratic-Republican leaders in Congress, believing Adams had exaggerated the French position because he sought war, united with hawkish Federalists to demand the release of the commissioners' dispatches.

Talleyrand, who had recently spent a few years in the United States, was openly concerned about the establishment of closer ties between the U.S. and Britain.

In the wake of the 1789 French Revolution, relations between the new French Republic and U.S. federal government, originally friendly, became strained.

His cabinet was divided on how to react: the general tenor was one of hostility toward France, with Attorney General Charles Lee and Secretary of State Timothy Pickering arguing for a declaration of war.

The commissioners offered to send one of their number back to the United States for instructions, if the French would suspend their seizures of American shipping; the French negotiators refused.

Reaction in the United States | Partisan responses

Elbridge Gerry was placed in a difficult position upon his return to the United States.

Talleyrand was called to the Directory to account for his role in the affair.

The XYZ affair nearly resulted in full blown war between the United States and France, and was instigated by the French.


It is the second of four official adaptations of A Star Is Born, with the first in 1937 starring Janet Gaynor and Fredric March, the third in 1976 starring Barbra Streisand and Kris Kristofferson and the fourth in 2018 starring Lady Gaga and Bradley Cooper.

A Star Is Born is a 1954 American musical film written by Moss Hart, starring Judy Garland and James Mason, and directed by George Cukor.

A Star Is Born with his then-wife Judy Garland in the lead role.

James Mason ultimately was signed, and filming began on October 12, 1953.

For her performance in A Star Is Born, Garland was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actress.

Also that year, when PBS was producing its documentary for Great Performances, Judy Garland: The Concert Years, another small piece of footage of A Star

For years, Garland fans and film historians expressed great interest in viewing the missing footage from this film.

When the last scene was filmed in the early morning hours of July 28, 1954, Cukor already had departed the production and was unwinding in Europe.

Garland had not made a film since she had negotiated release from her MGM contract soon after filming began on Royal Wedding in 1950, and the film was promoted heavily as her comeback.

A Star Is Born cost more than $5 million, making it one of the more expensive films made in Hollywood at that time.

The 1954 film is the fourth adaptation and it stars Garland and Mason.


The couple had five children: Christopher (1938–1941), Christina (born December 1, 1941), Catalina (born November 21, 1942), Duncan (born August 4, 1945), and Valentina (born December 26, 1952).

1966).In the 1970s, during his marriage to Addolori, Quinn also had two children with an event producer in Los Angeles named Friedel Dunbar: Sean Quinn (born February 7, 1973) and Alexander Anthony Quinn (born December 30, 1976).

Quinn's first wife was the adopted daughter of Cecil B. DeMille, actress Katherine DeMille; they wed in 1937.

They had three children: Francesco Quinn (March 22, 1963 – August 5, 2011), Danny Quinn (born April 16, 1964), and Lorenzo Quinn (born May 7,

Career | Return to Hollywood and Broadway

His physique filled out, his hair grayed, and his once smooth, swarthy face weathered and became more rugged.

By the 1990s, Quinn then had two children with his secretary, Katherine Benvin; daughter Antonia Patricia Rose Quinn (born July 23, 1993) and son Ryan Nicholas Quinn (born July 5, 1996).

Career | European films and international success

Quinn won his second Oscar for Best Supporting Actor for his portrayal of painter Paul Gauguin in Vincente Minnelli's Lust for Life (1956).

The two men became friends. When Quinn mentioned that he was drawn to acting, Wright encouraged him.

1996).In 1994 Quinn played the role of Zeus in five television movies focusing on the legendary journeys of Hercules.

His widow, Katherine Benvin Quinn, established the Anthony Quinn Foundation which advocates the importance of arts in education.

Anthony Quinn had five children with his first wife then three more children with this mistress who became his second wife.


Slovak died of a drug overdose on June 25, 1988; Irons, devastated, left the band.

History | 1998–2001: Return of Frusciante and Californication

With no guitarist, the Red Hot Chili Peppers were on the verge of breaking up.

His replacement, Dave Navarro, played on the sixth Red Hot Chili Peppers album, One Hot Minute (1995).

With over 80 million records sold worldwide, Red Hot Chili Peppers are one of the best-selling bands of all time.

The band released their debut album, The Red Hot Chili Peppers, in August 1984.

However, he changed this style when Red Hot Chili Peppers formed.

The band changed its name to Red Hot Chili Peppers, playing several shows at LA venues.

Red Hot Chili Peppers (commonly abbreviated as RHCP) are an American rock band formed in Los Angeles in 1983.

In 1998, following Navarro's dismissal, Frusciante returned to Red Hot Chili Peppers.

After the Stadium Arcadium tour, Red Hot Chili Peppers went on an extended hiatus.

In 1988, the Red Hot Chili Peppers lost one of their band members. died


The theme was repeated in the 1997 film The Full Monty, in a scene where the lead actors move in a line and raise their hands, deliberately mimicking the Arsenal defence's offside trap, in an attempt to co-ordinate their striptease routine.

Arsenal Women are the most successful team in English women's football having won a total of 58 trophies.

History | 1953–1986: Mediocrity, Mee and Neill

Arsenal tentatively appointed club physiotherapist Bertie Mee as acting manager in 1966.

David O'Leary holds the record for Arsenal appearances, having played 722 first-team matches between 1975 and 1993.

Arsenal have often been stereotyped as a defensive and "boring" side, especially during the 1970s and 1980s; many comedians, such as Eric Morecambe, made jokes about this at the team's expense.

Arsenal have one of the best top-flight records in history, having finished below fourteenth only seven times.

He joined from Manchester City having worked there as an assistant manager.

As of 1 July 2020 Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules.

Players | First-team squad | Out on loan

The celebrations included a modified version of the current crest worn on their jerseys for the season.

Arsenal have been labeled and mocked as a defensive minded team, including a striptease act in a comedy movie.


The series received 42 Primetime Emmy Awards nominations, with five wins.

Despite this, Carell won a Golden Globe Award for Best Actor in a Television Comedy or Musical in 2006.

The first season consists of six episodes.

The Office is an American mockumentary sitcom television series that depicts the everyday lives of office employees in the Scranton, Pennsylvania, branch of the fictional Dunder Mifflin Paper Company.

Greg Daniels served as the senior series showrunner for the first four seasons of the series and developed the British Office series for American television.

The producers thought she was "too feisty" for the character, but they called her back for the part of Angela Martin, which she won.

The series was also named the best TV series by the American Film Institute in 2006 and 2008, won two Screen Actors Guild Awards for Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Comedy Series in 2006 and 2007 and won a Peabody Award in 2006.

The show's success has resulted in expansion outside of television.

Episodes from The Office were among the first shows available for download from the iTunes Store beginning in December 2005.

It won for Outstanding Comedy Series in season two, Outstanding Writing for a Comedy Series (Greg Daniels for "Gay Witch Hunt"),

The Office will leave Netflix in 2021, as NBCUniversal acquired the rights to the show for its new streaming service Peacock.

The television show, The Office has won the six Emmy's.


He is also distinguished, along with his brother Jim Perry, for being part of the second-winningest brother combination in baseball history—second only to the knuckleball throwing brothers, Phil Niekro and Joe Niekro.

He played in Major League Baseball as a right-handed pitcher for eight different teams from 1962 to 1983.

Gaylord grew up with his older brother James Perry and younger sister Carolyn.

Gaylord attended Williamston High School, where he played football, basketball and baseball.

Of the four, only Mays, as a member of the 1954 team, had previously received a World Series ring while playing for the Giants.

Jim and Gaylord both began playing baseball with their father during their lunch break on the farm as youths, and later all three would play on the same local semi-pro team.

"Gene Tenace, who caught Gaylord Perry when they played for the San Diego Padres, said: "I can remember a couple of occasions when I couldn't throw the ball back to him because it was so greasy that it slipped out of my hands.

The current mascot of the Campbell Fighting Camels and Lady Camels is Gaylord the Camel, named in honor of Gaylord Perry.

In 1955 Williamston High won the North Carolina Class A state tournament, as the Perry brothers threw back-to-back shutouts to sweep the best-of-three finals.

Gaylord was the son of Evan and Ruby Perry, who were farmers.

Gaylord Perry was a pitcher and had a brother that played in the MLB.


Attractions | The Making of Harry Potter

In March 2011, Warner Bros. announced plans to build a tourist attraction in the United Kingdom to showcase the Harry Potter film series.

The attraction is located at Warner Bros. Studios, Leavesden, where all eight of the Harry Potter films were made.

Warner Bros. constructed two new sound stages to house and showcase the famous sets from each of the British-made productions, following a £100 million investment.

The series was originally published in English by two major publishers, Bloomsbury in the United Kingdom and Scholastic Press in the United States.

In 1998, Rowling sold the film rights of the first four Harry Potter books to Warner Bros. for a reported £1 million ($1,982,900).

The original seven books were adapted into an eight-part namesake film series by Warner Bros. Pictures, which is the third highest-grossing film series of all time as of February 2020.

After many directors including Steven Spielberg, Terry Gilliam, Jonathan Demme, and Alan Parker were considered, Chris Columbus was appointed on 28 March 2000 as the director for Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone (titled "Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone" in the United States), with Warner Bros. citing his work on other family films such as Home Alone and Mrs. Doubtfire and proven experience with directing children as influences for their decision.

The story and design of the games follow the selected film's characterisation and plot; EA worked closely with Warner Bros. to include scenes from the films.

The books have sold more than 500 million copies worldwide and have also given rise to the popular film adaptations produced by Warner Bros., all of which have been highly successful in their own right.

Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone was published by Bloomsbury, the publisher of all Harry Potter books in the United Kingdom, on 26 June 1997.

Warner Bros has plans to build a tourist attraction in the United Kingdom to showcase the film series.


Major league career (1965–1988) | Philadelphia Phillies (1972–1986) | Media silence

In 1976, upon the advice of his lawyer Edward L. Wolf, he decided to sever all ties with the media, and refused to answer press questions for the rest of his career with the Phillies.

I'm on to different things. "Speaking

This reached a point where, in 1981, while the Mexican rookie Fernando Valenzuela was achieving stardom with the Los Angeles Dodgers, a reporter remarked, "The two best pitchers in the National League don't speak English: Fernando Valenzuela and Steve Carlton.

Steve was the only son of Joe and Anne Carlton and was raised with his sisters Joanne and Christina on 144th street in Miami.

""One thing I regret is that Philadelphia fans didn't see the same Steve Carlton we saw in our clubhouse," longtime Phillies teammate

Major league career (1965–1988) | San Francisco Giants (1986)

I consider that season my finest individual achievement." After being released by the Phillies, Carlton joined the San Francisco Giants; he also briefly broke his self-imposed boycott of the media to give a press conference after signing with the Giants.

"Said his longtime teammate and personal catcher Tim McCarver, "When Steve (Carlton) and I die, we are going to be buried in the same cemetery, sixty feet, six inches apart." In 1989, Carlton's #32 was retired by the Philadelphia Phillies.

Baseball commentators during 1972 regularly remarked that Carlton's slider was basically unhittable, while Pittsburgh Pirates slugger Willie Stargell once remarked, "Hitting Steve Carlton's slider is like trying to drink coffee with a fork"."Auggie

The article was noted by The New York Times as being the source of numerous claims about Steve Carlton's political and social beliefs: "According to Pat Jordan, the writer of the article, Carlton alternately said that the world is ruled or controlled by the Russian and United States Governments, which 'fill the air with low-frequency sound waves,' the Elders of Zion, British intelligence agencies, '12 Jewish bankers meeting in Switzerland' and 'a committee of 300 which meets at a roundtable in Rome.'

Major league career (1965–1988) | Retirement

Carlton remained unsigned in 1989.

Steve Carlton did not like speaking to the press.


Fifty Shades of Grey has attracted criticism due to its depictions of BDSM, with some BDSM participants stating that the book confuses the practice with abuse, and presents it as a pathology to be overcome, as well as showing incorrect and possibly dangerous BDSM techniques.

These include a laptop to enable her to research the BDSM lifestyle in consideration of the contract; to communicate with him, since she has never previously owned a computer; and to receive a more detailed version of the dominant/submissive contract.

" British author Jenny Colgan in The Guardian wrote "It is jolly, eminently readable and as sweet and safe as BDSM (bondage, discipline, sadism and masochism) erotica can be without contravening the trade descriptions act" and also praised the book for being "more enjoyable" than other "literary erotic books".

There has also been criticism against the fact that BDSM is a part of the book.

The book's erotic nature and perceived demographic of its fan base as being composed largely of married women over thirty led to the book being dubbed "Mommy Porn" by some news agencies.

Coinciding with the release of the book and its surprising popularity, injuries related to BDSM and sex toy use spiked dramatically.

Deborah Caldwell-Stone of the American Library Association commented that "If the only reason you don't select a book is that you disapprove of its content, but there is demand for it, there's a question of whether you're being fair.

In a public library there is usually very little that would prevent a book from being on the shelf if there is a demand for the information." Brevard County public libraries later made their copies available to their patrons due to public demand.

Critical reception of the book, however, has tended towards the negative, with the quality of its prose generally seen as poor, while its portrayal of BDSM has been targeted for criticism from a variety of perspectives.

Dr. Drew commented that the book was "horribly written" in addition to being "disturbing" but stated that "if the book enhances women's real-life sex lives and intimacy, so be it." In March 2012, branches of the public library in Brevard County, Florida, removed copies of Fifty Shades of Grey from their shelves, with an official statement that it did not meet the selection criteria for the library and that reviews for the book had been poor.

The book caught a lot of flak from the BDSM community it purported to be about.


In 57 BC, Antony joined the military staff of Aulus Gabinius, the Proconsul of Syria, as chief of the cavalry.

This appointment marks the beginning of his military career.

Early career | Assassination of Caesar | Leader of the Caesarian Party

Though they believed Caesar's death would restore the Republic, Caesar had been immensely popular with the Roman middle and lower classes, who became enraged upon learning a small group of aristocrats had killed their champion.

Master of the Roman East | Antony's Parthian War | Parthian Invasion

In the spring of 38 BC, the Parthians resumed their offensive with Pacorus leading an army across the Euphrates.

Master of the Roman East | Antony and Cleopatra

He married Livia and started to attack Antony in order to raise himself to power.

Works in which the character of Mark Antony plays a central role: William Shakespeare's Julius Caesar Julius Caesar (1953 film) based on this (played by Marlon Brando) Julius Caesar (1970 film) based on this (played by Charlton Heston) Antony and Cleopatra, several works with that title John Dryden's All for Love

Master of the Roman East | Antony's Parthian War | Parthian Campaign

This forced Antony to leave his logistics train in the care of two legions (approximately 10,000 soldiers), which was then attacked and completely destroyed by the Parthian army before Antony could rescue them.

In 31 BC, the war started. Octavian's general Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa captured the Greek city and naval port of Methone, loyal to Antony.

Worked into a fury by the bloody spectacle, the assembly rioted.

He then met a Parthian army at the border between Cilicia and Syria, defeating it and killing a large portion of the Parthian soldiers at the Amanus Pass.

Master of the Roman East | Antony's Parthian War | Conflict with Sextus Pompey

These actions worked to renew Sextus' blockade of Italy, preventing Octavian from sending the promised troops to Antony for the Parthian campaign.

Mark Antony started his work in the militia by leading a small group of soldiers in the Roman Army.


Many of Evers' relatives, including his father, brothers, and uncles, played baseball.

Career | Boston Braves and Philadelphia Phillies

Not receiving another offer from an MLB team, Evers traveled to Paris as a member of the Knights of Columbus to promote baseball in France.

After playing for the local minor league baseball team for one season, Frank Selee, manager of the Cubs, purchased Evers's contract and soon made him his starting second baseman.

Selee, also looking for a second baseman due to an injury to starter Bobby Lowe, purchased Hardy's and Evers's contracts for $1,500 ($44,325 in current dollar terms); the Trojans were willing to sell Evers's services due to his temper.

Frank Selee, manager of the Chicago Cubs, scouted Evers's teammate, pitcher Alex Hardy.

The Merkle play remains one of the most famous in baseball history.

Evers was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame by the Veterans Committee in 1946.

He also worked as superintendent of Bleecker Stadium in Albany and spent time teaching baseball to sandlot players.

He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) from 1902 through 1917 for the Chicago Cubs, Boston Braves, and Philadelphia Phillies.

Evers agreed to manage the Navy Midshipmen, a college baseball team, in 1911, despite the opposition of Cubs' manager Frank Chance.

A lot of Johnny Evers' family members did practice baseball.


It is an adaptation of the 2001-2003 BBC series of the same name, being adapted for American television by Greg Daniels, a veteran writer for Saturday Night Live, King of the Hill, and The Simpsons.

While these characters generally have the same attitude and perceptions as their British counterparts, the roles have been redesigned to better fit the American show.

In the United Kingdom, the show was named in listings magazines (but not onscreen) as The Office: An American Workplace when it was originally aired on ITV2.As of July 2019

Rainn Wilson portrays Dwight Schrute, based upon Gareth Keenan, who is a salesman and the assistant to the regional manager, a fictional title created by Michael.

The idea created by the writers was that a copy machine breaks in The Office

Reception and legacy | Critical reviews and commentary

Dilbert creator Scott Adams also touts the similarities: "The lesson from The Office and from Dilbert is that people are often dysfunctional, and no amount of training can fix it.

Many products featured are not part of product placement agreements, but rather inserted by writers as products the characters would use to create realism under the guise of a documentary.

The theme is played over the title sequence, which features scenes of Scranton, various tasks around the office and the main cast members.

The show is known for its relatively large cast size, with many of its actors and actresses known particularly for their improvisational work.

James Poniewozik of Time remarked, "Producer Greg Daniels created not a copy but an interpretation that sends up distinctly American work conventions ... with a tone that's more satiric and less mordant.... The new boss is different from the old boss, and that's fine by me." He named it the second best TV show of 2006 after Battlestar Galactica.

After Michael's replacement (Will Ferrell) is seriously injured on the job, Jo creates a search committee to interview candidates and choose a new manager for the office.

The Office (US) is a shows that was created of the same titled in Spain about people working in a silly workplace.


Her father, Robert Maraj, a financial executive and part-time gospel singer, is of Dougla (Afro-Trinidadian mother and Indo-Trinidadian father) descent.

Her mother, Carol Maraj, is also a gospel singer with Afro-Trinidadian ancestry.

My favorite thing was Nicki Minaj's verse.'

Career | 2014–2017: The Pinkprint and other ventures

The show was titled Nicki and the pilot episode was filmed in Minaj's hometown in January 2016.

Career | 2010–2011: Breakthrough with Pink Friday

The incident attracted protest from the Parents Television Council.

She often both sings and raps in her songs and combines metaphors, punch lines, and word play into her work.

The cover art and music video for her 2014 single "Anaconda", both attracted significant controversy upon release.

Career | 2012–2013: Pink Friday: Roman Reloaded and The Re-Up

Minaj's crossover into pop music was criticized by some, despite her commercial success.

With her parents frequently fighting during her childhood, Minaj lived through characters she created as a means of escape.

Ice-T said about Minaj's rapping style, "[Minaj] does her thing.

Nicki and Lil Kim, often cited as Foxy's main rap rival, have reportedly exchanged words with each other, on social media and in their music.

Both songs were included on 6ix9ine's debut album Dummy Boy.

Both of Nicki Minaj's parents sang religious music.


It is told in episodic form by a first-person narrator, in a series of glimpses into the mind and soul of the central character Charles Strickland, a middle-aged English stockbroker, who abandons his wife and children abruptly to pursue his desire to become an artist.

The Moon and Sixpence is a novel by W. Somerset Maugham first published in April 15th, 1919.

Maugham took inspiration from the published writings about Gauguin available at the time, as well as personal experience living among the artistic community in Paris in 1904, and a visit to Tahiti in 1914.

The Moon and Sixpence is at once a satire of Edwardian mores and a Gauguin biography." According to some sources, the title, the meaning of which is not explicitly revealed in the book, was taken from a review of Maugham's novel Of Human Bondage in which the novel's protagonist, Philip Carey, is described as "so busy yearning for the moon that he never saw the sixpence at his feet." According to a 1956 letter from Maugham, "If you look on the ground in search of a sixpence, you don't look up, and so miss the moon.

That book is The Moon and Sixpence.

I heard much about him. It occurred to me that there was in what I was told the subject of a novel".

The novel served as the basis for an opera, also titled The Moon and Sixpence, by John Gardner to a libretto by Patrick Terry; it was premiered at Sadlers Wells in 1957.Writer S Lee Pogostin

The Moon and Sixpence is not, of course, a life of Paul Gauguin in the form of fiction.

"We've Got the Moon and Sixpence", sung by Al Bowlly, takes its name from the book and Jack Kerouac

The novel is written largely from the point of view of the narrator, a young, aspiring writer and playwright in London.

The Moon and Sixpence is a novel told by a third person narrator by W. Somerset Maugham first published in April 15th, 1919.


Matters worsened when Chapman & Hall, his publishers, threatened to reduce his monthly income by £50 if sales dropped further.

By mid-1843 Dickens began to suffer from financial problems.

He decided the best way to reach his audience with his "Carol philosophy" was by public readings.

Several works may have had an influence on the writing of A Christmas Carol, including two Douglas Jerrold essays: one from an 1841 issue of Punch, "How Mr. Chokepear Keeps a Merry Christmas" and one from 1843, "The Beauties of the Police".

Slater says that A Christmas Carol was  intended to open its readers' hearts towards those struggling to survive on the lower rungs of the economic ladder and to encourage practical benevolence, but also to warn of the terrible danger to society created by the toleration of widespread ignorance and actual want among the poor.

The Dickens scholar John O. Jordan argues that A Christmas Carol shows what Dickens referred to in a letter to his friend John Forster as his "Carol philosophy, cheerful views, sharp anatomisation of humbug, jolly good temper ... and a vein of glowing, hearty, generous, mirthful, beaming reference in everything to Home and Fireside".

A Christmas Carol opens on a bleak, cold Christmas Eve in London, seven years after the death of Ebenezer Scrooge's business partner, Jacob Marley.

The central character of A Christmas Carol is Ebenezer Scrooge, a miserly London-based businessman, described in the story as "a squeezing, wrenching, grasping, scraping, clutching, covetous old sinner!" Kelly writes that Scrooge may have been influenced by Dickens's conflicting feelings for his father, whom he both loved and demonised.

Dickens's attitudes towards organised religion were complex; he based his beliefs and principles on the New Testament.

The writer and social thinker John Ruskin told a friend that he thought Dickens had taken the religion from Christmas, and had imagined it as "mistletoe and pudding – neither resurrection from the dead, nor rising of new stars, nor teaching of wise men, nor shepherds".

The writer Charles Dickens was born to a middle-class family which got into financial difficulties as a result of the spendthrift nature of his father John.

A Christmas Carol was based on the financial struggles of the author's best friend.


David Robert Jones (8 January 1947 – 10 January 2016), better known by his stage name David Bowie ( BOH-ee), was an English singer-songwriter and actor.

Bowie was born David Robert Jones on 8 January 1947 in Brixton, London.

Music career | 1974–1976: "Plastic soul" and the Thin White Duke

He later commented that the accompanying live album, David Live, ought to have been titled "David Bowie Is Alive and

Music career | 1962–1967: Early career to debut album

Dissatisfied with his stage name as Davy (and Davie) Jones, which in the mid-1960s invited confusion with Davy Jones of The Monkees, Bowie renamed himself after the 19th-century American pioneer James Bowie and the knife he had popularised.

An exhibition of Bowie artefacts, called David Bowie Is, was organised by the Victoria and Albert Museum in London, and shown there in 2013.

Music career | 1968–1971: Space Oddity to Hunky Dory

Bowie's second album followed in November; originally issued in the UK as David Bowie, it caused some confusion with its predecessor of the same name, and the early US release was instead titled Man of Words/Man of Music; it was reissued internationally in 1972 by RCA Records as Space Oddity.

I didn't think it would last and David said, before we got married, 'I'm not really in love with you'

In May 2015, "Let's Dance" was announced to be reissued as a yellow vinyl single on 16 July 2015 in conjunction with the David Bowie

Bowie portrayed the mysterious FBI agent Phillip Jeffries in David Lynch's Twin Peaks: Fire Walk with Me (1992).

Acting career | 1960s and 1970s | 2000s and posthumous notes

Talking about the casting process, Villeneuve said: "Our first thought [for the character] had been David Bowie, who had influenced Blade Runner in many ways.

David Bowie changed his name from David Robert Jones.


The family was featured in Family Circle magazine in 1953.Linda's father came from a pioneering Arizona ranching family and was of German, English, and Mexican ancestry.

Ronstadt produced and performed a theatrical stage show in concert halls across the U.S. and Latin America to both Hispanic and non-Hispanic audiences, including on Broadway.

Linda Ronstadt's great-grandfather, graduate engineer

Linda Ronstadt's grandfather, and the songs she had learned, transcribed, and published were some of the ones he had brought with him from Sonora.

Espinel's father was Fred Ronstadt,

These canciones were a big part of Ronstadt's family tradition and musical roots.

Ronstadt researched and extracted from the favorites she had learned from her father Gilbert and she called her album by the same name as her aunt's booklet and as a tribute to her father and his family.

It is the poorest-selling studio album in Ronstadt's Elektra/Asylum catalog.

Career overview | Solo career | Time magazine and "rock chick" image

I'm scared to death all the way through my own shows.

The album harkened back to Ronstadt's country-rock and folk-rock heyday.

It was the last time Linda Ronstadt would record an album, having begun to lose her singing ability as the result of Parkinson's disease, diagnosed in December 2012.

Linda Ronstadt's had Hispanic roots through her father.


There was not one Long March, but a series of marches, as various Communist armies in the south escaped to the north and west.

The early troop movements were actually a diversion to allow the retreat of more important leaders from Jiangxi.

In 2003, two British researchers, Ed Jocelyn and Andrew McEwen, retraced the route in 384 days, and in their 2006 book "The Long March" estimated the March actually covered about 6,000 km (3,700 miles).

On July 18, Zhou relinquished his position as political commissar, and several leading positions were taken over by generals of the Fourth Red Army.

More than 86,000 troops, 11,000 administrative personnel and thousands of civilian porters actually completed the breakout; the remainder, largely wounded or ill soldiers, continued to fight a delaying action after the main force had left, and then dispersed into the countryside.

The Long March | Union of the three armies

Mao's First Red Army traversed several swamps and was attacked by Muslim Hui Ma clique forces under Generals Ma Bufang and Ma Buqing.

Several prominent members of the Chinese Soviet who remained behind were captured and executed by the Kuomintang after the fall of Ruijin in November 1934, including Qu Qiubai and the youngest brother of Mao Zedong, Mao Zetan.

The Long March | Escaping Chiang's pursuit

Mao's forces spent the next several months maneuvering to avoid direct confrontation with hostile forces, but still attempting to move north to join Zhang Guotao's Fourth Red Army.

Background | Chiang's Encirclement Campaigns

Chiang's strategy of slowly constructing a series of interlinking blockhouses (resembling medieval castles) was successful, and Chiang's army was able to capture several major Communist strongholds within months.

When several smaller units formed the Fourth Red Army under Zhang Guotao in the Sichuan–Shaanxi border area, no standard nomenclature of the armies of the Communist Party existed; moreover, during the Chinese Civil War, central control of separate Communist-controlled enclaves within China was limited.

The Long March is also a propaganda force.

The Long March was actually several marches.


Willard Jessie Brown (June 26, 1915 – August 4, 1996), nicknamed "Home Run" Brown, was an American baseball player who played outfielder in the Negro leagues and in Major League Baseball (MLB).

Brown was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 2006.

Brown was born in Shreveport, Louisiana on 26 June 1915.

From 1937 to 1946 Brown helped lead the Monarchs to six pennants in ten seasons.

With Brown hitting .412 and a home run, the Monarchs won four straight games.

On 20 July, Brown and Hank Thompson played against the Boston Red Sox.

That winter, Brown went to Puerto Rico and had one of his greatest seasons ever, batting .432

Brown was one of the fastest players in baseball in the late 1930s and 1940s, as well as a solid outfielder.

He played briefly in the major leagues in 1947, having signed with the floundering St. Louis Browns.

After retiring from baseball, Brown was a long time resident of Houston, Texas, where he died in 1996 at the age of 81.

Brown was referred to sometimes as "Batter Boy".


Presidency (1989–1993) | Foreign affairs | Invasion of Panama

Bush objected to the annulment of the election and worried about the status of the Panama Canal with Noriega still in office.

Noriega was convicted and imprisoned on racketeering and drug trafficking charges in April 1992.

American forces quickly took control of the Panama Canal Zone and Panama City.

After a U.S. serviceman was shot by Panamanian forces in December 1989, Bush ordered the United States invasion of Panama, known as "Operation

Presidency (1989–1993) | Domestic affairs | Discrimination

In August 1990, Bush signed the Ryan White CARE Act, the largest federally funded program dedicated to assisting persons living with HIV/AIDS.

Nixon and Ford administrations (1971–1977) | Chairman of the Republican National Committee

One couldn't help but look at the family and the whole thing and think of his accomplishments and then think of the shame... [President Gerald Ford's swearing-in offered]

When Agnew was being investigated for corruption, Bush assisted, at the request of Nixon and Agnew, in pressuring John Glenn Beall Jr., the U.S. Senator from Maryland to force his brother, George Beall

Presidency (1989–1993) | Foreign affairs | End of the Cold War

In 1989, Communist governments fell in Poland, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, the governments of Bulgaria and Romania instituted major reforms, and the government of East Germany opened the Berlin Wall, which was subsequently demolished by Berliners.

Texas A&M University also hosts the Bush School of Government and Public Service, a graduate public policy school.

Presidency (1989–1993) | Domestic affairs | Other issues

Bush's education platform consisted mainly of offering federal support for a variety of innovations, such as open enrollment, incentive pay for outstanding teachers, and rewards for schools that improve performance with underprivileged children.

Early political career (1963–1971) | Entry into politics

Bush argued that the act unconstitutionally expanded the powers of the federal government, but he was privately uncomfortable with the racial politics of opposing the act.

Bush offered assistance to Panama in the 80s to overthrow the government.


In the track "Rage" by Chumbawamba on the album Anarchy, released in 1994.

See scheme below. "Do not go gentle into that good night" was used as the text for the 1954

The rhyme-and-refrain pattern of Do not go gentle into that good night can be schematized as A1bA2 abA1 abA2 abA1 abA2

"Do not go gentle into that good night" is a poem in the form of a villanelle, and the most famous work of Welsh poet Dylan Thomas (1914–1953).

In the same movie, leading actors Matthew McConaughey and Anne Hathaway are sent into hypersleep with the final words "Do not go gentle into that good night.

It has no title other than its first line, "Do not go gentle into that good night", a line that appears as a refrain throughout the poem along with its other refrain, "Rage, rage against the dying of the light".

In the Parsonsfield song "Kick Out the Windows", which appears on their 2018 album WE, the poem is referenced in the refrain

"In the light dying, we'll rage and fight, go kickin' and screamin', into that good night." The poem was featured as a voiceover by Iain Glen in a 2018 television advert for the Ford Motor Company.

In the 1996 film Independence Day, the President makes a rousing speech as he prepares to lead the attack against the alien invaders, adapting Thomas' line, saying, "We will not go quietly into the night." The band Brave Saint Saturn includes a recording of Thomas reading his poem in their song "Two-Twenty-Nine" on their 2000 album

So Far from Home. The poem is referenced in the 2001 Digimon anime episode "A Million Points of Light".

released a song entitled "Rage Against the Dying of the Light" on their album Harmlessness.

Do Not Go Gentle Into That Good Night was referenced in a song by "Chumbawamba".


The lion Aslan gives his life to save one of the children; he later rises from the dead, vanquishes the White Witch, and crowns the children Kings and Queens of Narnia.

The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe is a fantasy novel for children by C. S. Lewis, published by Geoffrey Bles in 1950.

The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe was originally published as the first book in the Narnia Chronicles.

Lewis very much enjoyed writing The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe and embarked on the sequel Prince Caspian soon after finishing the first novel.

Lewis described the origin of The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe in an essay titled

The manuscript of The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe was complete by the end of March 1949.

Eventually, he reveals that he is in the pay of the White Witch, a ruler who has kept Narnia frozen in a perpetual winter and who has given out orders that any human found in Narnia is to be captured and handed over to her.

In 2003, The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe was ranked ninth on the BBC's The Big Read poll.

After the children enter the world of Narnia through the wardrobe, Edmund finds himself in trouble under service of the White Witch, as she tempts him with Turkish Delights.

One of the most significant themes seen in C. S. Lewis's The Lion, The Witch and The Wardrobe is the theme of Christianity.

In the novel The Lion, the Witch, and the Wardrobe, the children become the rulers of Narnia.


The Book of Leviticus () is the third book of the Torah and of the Old Testament;  scholars generally agree that it developed over a long period of time, reaching its present form during the Persian Period between 538–332 BC.

Leviticus takes place during the month or month-and-a-half between the completion of the Tabernacle (Exodus 40:17) and the Israelites' departure from Sinai (Numbers 1:1, 10:11).

From Priestly Torah to Pentateuch: A Study in the Composition of the Book of Leviticus.

Bibliography | Commentaries on Leviticus

Leviticus: A Book of Ritual and Ethics.

Wenham, Gordon (1979). The Book of Leviticus.

The Old Testament World. Liturgical Press.

Leviticus, as part of the Torah, became the law book of Jerusalem's Second Temple as well as of the Samaritan temple.

The Book of Leviticus: Composition and Reception.

The Book of Leviticus is the third book of the Torah and of the Old Testament that takes place during the month or month-and-a-half between the completion of the Tabernacle.


The Census and Statistics Department estimated Hong Kong's population at 7,482,500 in mid-2019.

With over 7.5 million people of various nationalities in a 1,104-square-kilometre (426 sq mi) territory, Hong Kong is one of the most densely populated places in the world.

Over half a million people left the territory during the peak migration period, from 1987 to 1996.

Early Hong Kong settlers were a semi-coastal people who migrated from inland and brought knowledge of rice cultivation.

Renewable sources account for a negligible amount of energy generated for the territory.

The protests continued into December, possibly becoming the largest-scale political protest movement in Hong Kong history, with organisers claiming to have attracted more than one million Hong Kong residents.

With a daily ridership of over five million, the system serves 41 per cent of all public transit passengers in the city and has an on-time rate of 99.9 per cent.

Over half of its cargo throughput consists of transshipments (goods travelling through Hong Kong).

To reduce the trade imbalance, the British sold large amounts of Indian opium to China.

In 2016, 26.6 million visitors contributed HK$258 billion (US$32.9 billion) to the territory, making Hong Kong the 14th most popular destination for international tourists.

Hong Kong has a dense amount of people with over 7 million counted in the 2019 census.


Johannes Peter "Honus" Wagner (; February 24, 1874 – December 6, 1955), sometimes referred to as "Hans" Wagner, was an American baseball shortstop who played 21 seasons in Major League Baseball from 1897 to 1917, almost entirely for the Pittsburgh Pirates.

Professional career | Career before Major League Baseball

Wagner would play for five teams in that first year, in three different leagues over the course of 80 games.

Baseball historian and statistician Bill James named Honus Wagner as the second best player of all time after Babe Ruth, rating him as the best major league player in 1900 and each year from 1902 to 1908.

In 1896 Edward Barrow, from the Wheeling, West Virginia, team that Wagner was playing on, decided to take Honus with him to his next team, the Paterson Silk Sox (Atlantic League).

Professional career | Life after baseball

Wagner was not finished playing baseball after his retirement from major league baseball.

Albert suggested Honus in 1895 when his Inter-State League team was in need of help.

A sporting goods store bearing the name "Honus Wagner" operated in downtown Pittsburgh for 93 years before closing permanently in 2011.The Pirates hosted the 1944 Major League Baseball All-Star Game at Forbes Field.

Honus' brother Albert "Butts" Wagner was considered the ballplayer of the family.

Professional career | T206 Baseball card

The ATC ended production of the Wagner card and a total of only 57 to 200 cards were ever distributed to the public, as compared to the "tens or hundreds of thousands" of T206 cards, over three years in 16 brands of cigarettes, for any other player.

Wagner's older brother, Albert "Butts" Wagner, who had a brief major league career himself, is often credited with getting Honus his first tryout.

Honus Wagner was a Major League player who play over 20 years.


To the Lighthouse is a 1927 novel by Virginia Woolf.

Allusions to autobiography and actual geography

The house was used by the family as a family retreat during the summer for the next ten years.

The book outsold all Woolf's previous novels, and the proceeds enabled the Woolfs to buy a car.

The novel centres on the Ramsay family and their visits to the Isle of Skye in Scotland between 1910 and 1920.

Her visits with her parents and family to St Ives, Cornwall, where her father rented a house, were perhaps the happiest times of Woolf's life, but when she was thirteen

Upon completing the draft of this, her most autobiographical novel, Woolf described it as 'easily the best of my books' and her husband Leonard thought it a "'masterpiece' ... entirely new 'a psychological poem'".

Major themes | Complexity of human relationships

Two sections of the book stand out as excellent snapshots of fumbling attempts at this crossing: the silent interchange between Mr. and Mrs. Ramsay as they pass the time alone together at the end of section 1, and Lily Briscoe's struggle to fulfill Mr. Ramsay's desire for sympathy (and attention) as the novel closes.

While they set sail for the lighthouse, Lily attempts to finally complete the painting she has held in her mind since the start of the novel.

In the final section, "The Lighthouse", some of the remaining Ramsays and other guests return to their summer home ten years after the events of Part I. Mr Ramsay finally plans on taking the long-delayed trip to the lighthouse with daughter Cam(illa) and son James (the remaining Ramsay children are virtually unmentioned in the final section).

Upon finishing the painting (just as the sailing party reaches the lighthouse) and seeing that it satisfies her, she realises that the execution of her vision is more important to her than the idea of leaving some sort of legacy in her work.

To the Lighthouse is a book by Georgia O'Keefe about a Scottish family in the 1900s.


He achieved his vision of an all-jazz format radio station along with his friend and neighbor John E. Metts, one of the first African Americans in senior radio management.

In the early 1960s, Brubeck and his wife, Iola, developed a jazz musical, The Real Ambassadors, based in part on experiences they and their colleagues had during foreign tours on behalf of the Department of State.

Often incorrectly attributed to Brubeck, the song "Take Five", which has become a jazz standard, was composed by Brubeck's long-time musical partner, alto saxophonist Paul Desmond.

"On September 20, 2009, at the Monterey Jazz Festival, Brubeck was awarded an honorary Doctor of Music degree (D.Mus. honoris causa) from Berklee College of Music.

The soundtrack album, which featured Louis Armstrong, Lambert, Hendricks & Ross, and Carmen McRae was recorded in 1961; the musical was performed at the 1962 Monterey Jazz Festival.

In The Daily Telegraph, music journalist Ivan Hewett wrote: "Brubeck didn't have the réclame of some jazz musicians who lead tragic lives.

On October 18, 2008, Brubeck received an honorary Doctor of Music degree from the prestigious Eastman School of Music in Rochester, New York.

Apart from the "College" and the "Time" series, Brubeck recorded four LPs featuring his compositions based on the group's travels, and the local music they encountered.

His music was used in the 1985 film Ordeal by Innocence.

In addition to his musical analyses of each of the album's original compositions, Crist provides insight into Brubeck's career during a time he was rising to the top of the jazz charts.

He changed to music on the urging of the head of zoology, Dr. Arnold, who told him "Brubeck,

Dave Brubeck and his partner developed a musical broadcast channel for jazz music only.


Many of Evers' relatives, including his father, brothers, and uncles, played baseball.

The Merkle play remains one of the most famous in baseball history.

Evers and fellow coach Hank Gowdy played in one game in the 1929 season, coming into the bottom of the ninth inning on October 6, 1929.

Though Evers and Tinker were part of one of the most successful double-play combinations in baseball history, the two despised each other off of the field.

The ball used in the Merkle play was sold at an auction in the 1990s for $27,500, making it one of the four most valuable baseballs based on purchase price.

After playing for the local minor league baseball team for one season, Frank Selee, manager of the Cubs, purchased Evers's contract and soon made him his starting second baseman.

Evers played in one game for the White Sox as Collins recovered.

He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) from 1902 through 1917 for the Chicago Cubs, Boston Braves, and Philadelphia Phillies.

They went several years without speaking to each other after one argument.

Evers was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame by the Veterans Committee in 1946.

Johnny was the only one in his family to play baseball


The Treaty of Tordesillas was  invoked by Chile in the 20th century to defend the principle of an Antarctic sector extending along a meridian to the South Pole, as well as the assertion that the treaty made Spanish (or Portuguese) all undiscovered land south to the Pole.

The Treaty of Tordesillas was also invoked by Argentina in the 20th century as part of its claim to the Falkland Islands.

Antimeridian: Moluccas and Treaty of Zaragoza

Cloves were so prized by Europeans for their medicinal uses that they were worth their weight in gold.

Harrisse concluded that Enciso placed his line at 47°24′W on his sphere (7.7% smaller than ours), but at 45°38′W on our sphere using Enciso's numerical data.

He stated that the demarcation line was 18° west of the most central island of the Cape Verde Islands, which is Fogo according to Harrisse, having a longitude of 24°25′ west of Greenwich, hence Ferrer placed the line at 42°25′W on his sphere, which was 21.1% larger than our sphere.

Those countries generally ignored the treaty, particularly those that became Protestant after the Protestant Reformation.

In the early 16th century, the Treaty between Spain and Portugal, concluded at Vitoria; February 19, 1524 and called for the Badajoz Junta to meet in 1524, at which the two countries tried to reach an agreement on the anti-meridian but failed.

The Treaty of Tordesillas only specified the line of demarcation in leagues from the Cape Verde Islands.

It was ignored by other European nations, and with the decline of Spanish and Portuguese power, the home countries were unable to hold many of their claims, much less expand them into poorly explored areas.

Besides Brazil and the Moluccas, Portugal eventually controlled Angola, Mozambique, Portuguese Guinea, and São Tomé and Príncipe (among other territories and bases) in Africa; several bases or territories as Muscat, Ormus and Bahrain in the Persian Gulf, Goa, Bombay and Daman and Diu (among other coastal cities) in India; Ceylon, and Malacca, bases in present-day Indonesia as Makassar, Solor, Ambon, and Portuguese Timor, the entrepôt-base of Macau and the entrepôt-enclave of Dejima (Nagasaki) in the Far East.

The Treaty of Tordesillas (Portuguese: Tratado de Tordesilhas

The Treaty of Saragossa did not modify or clarify the line of demarcation in the Treaty of Tordesillas, nor did it validate Spain's claim to equal hemispheres (180° each), so the two lines divided the Earth into unequal hemispheres.

From 1901 to 2000, several countries have used the Treaty of Tordesillas for their local conflicts.


After eighteen and a half years in custody, Mary was found guilty of plotting to assassinate Elizabeth in 1586, and was beheaded the following year at Fotheringhay Castle.

Chastelard was tried for treason and beheaded.

Escape and imprisonment in England | Execution

O Lord, I commend my spirit").Mary was not beheaded with a single strike.

Marriage to Lord Darnley | Murder of Darnley

Elizabeth wrote to Mary of the rumours: I should ill fulfil the office of a faithful cousin or an affectionate friend

Mary had briefly met her English-born half-cousin Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley, in February 1561 when she was in mourning for Francis.

She sent an ambassador, Thomas Randolph, to tell Mary that if she married an English nobleman, Elizabeth would "proceed to the inquisition of her right and title to be our next cousin and heir".

Four years later, she married her half-cousin, Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley, and in June 1566 they had a son, James.

The union infuriated Elizabeth, who felt the marriage should not have gone ahead without her permission, as Darnley was both her cousin and an English subject.

After an unsuccessful attempt to regain the throne, she fled southward seeking the protection of her first cousin once removed, Queen Elizabeth I of England.

They married at Holyrood Palace on 29 July 1565, even though both were Catholic and a papal dispensation for the marriage of first cousins had not been obtained.

Mary was beheaded by her cousin.


Marion returned to his plantation to find it had been burnt during the fighting.

His slaves had run away to fight for the British and had later been evacuated from Charleston.

Legends and modern opinions about Marion

The introduction to the 2007 edition of Simms' book (originally published in 1844) was written by Sean Busick, a professor of American history at Athens State University in Alabama, who says that based on the facts, "Marion deserves to be remembered as one of the heroes of the War for Independence." Crawford commented:  Francis Marion was a man of his times: he owned slaves, and he fought in a brutal campaign against the Cherokee Indians.

American Revolutionary War | Guerrilla warfare

Gates sent Marion towards the interior to gather intelligence on the British enemy.

American Revolutionary War | Eutaw Springs

During his absence his brigade grew disheartened, particularly after a British sortie from Charleston, and there was reportedly a conspiracy to turn him over to the British.

"In a commentary published in the National Review, conservative talk radio host Michael Graham rejected criticisms like Hibbert's as an attempt to rewrite history: Was Francis Marion a slave owner?

He borrowed money to purchase slaves for his plantation.

The truth is that people like Marion committed atrocities as bad, if not worse, than those perpetrated by the British.

Marion was also tasked with combating groups of freed slaves working or fighting alongside the British.

Did he commit acts in an 18th-century war that we would consider atrocious in the current world of peace and political correctness?

In the film, the fictional character Benjamin Martin (Mel Gibson) describes violence he committed in the French and Indian War.

Francis Marion owned slaves, and for some reason they committed arson and ran off to aid America's enemies as soon as was possible due to his absence.


Darius Milhaud (French: [daʁjys mijo]; 4 September 1892 – 22 June 1974) was a French composer, conductor, and teacher.

There is a Darius Milhaud Collection at Mills College in California.

Darius Milhaud was very prolific and composed for a wide range of genres.

"From 1947 to 1971, he taught alternate years at Mills and the Paris Conservatoire, until poor health, which caused him to use a wheelchair during his later years (beginning in the 1930s), compelled him to retire.

There is another Darius Milhaud Collection at the New York Public Library for the Performing Arts in New York City.

He secured a teaching post at Mills College in Oakland, California, where he composed  the opera Bolivar (1943) and collaborated with Henri Temianka and the Paganini Quartet.

" Brubeck named his first son Darius.

And on a trip to the United States in 1922, Darius Milhaud heard "authentic" jazz for the first time, on the streets of Harlem, which left a great impact on his musical outlook.

The Western Jewish History Center, of the Judah L. Magnes Museum, in Berkeley, California has librettos for Milhaud's opera, David, as well as a program for its American premiere, in Los Angeles, at the Hollywood Bowl, and photocopies of newspaper coverage in the B'nai B'rith Messenger of Los Angeles, of this event (1956) [WJHC Collection Number 1970.002].

The Beloved Vagabond (1915) L'Inhumaine (1924) Land Without Bread (1933) Madame Bovary (1934) The Beloved Vagabond (1936) The Citadel of Silence (1937) Rasputin (1938) Mollenard (1938) Espoir: Sierra de Teruel (1945) The Private Affairs of Bel Ami (1947) Dreams That Money Can Buy (1947) God Chose Paris (1969) Lycée intercommunal Darius-Milhaud near Paris is named after him.

Darius Milhaud had a batting average of .271 during his tenure with California.


The play was adapted for films in 1948 and 1987.

In 1987, All My Sons was made into a made-for-TV film.

All My Sons was first adapted into a film in 1948.

This version is more faithful to Arthur Miller's original play than the 1948 film version.

In the film, Steve Deever is renamed Herbert Deever, and makes an onscreen appearance, played by actor Frank Conroy.

In 1958, the play was adapted for British television by Stanley Mann and directed by Cliff Owen.

The play was adapted by S. H. Barnett and, in an interesting twist, featured the character of Steve Deever in a speaking role.

In 1950, Lux Radio Theater broadcast a radio play of All My Sons with Burt Lancaster as Joe.

He appears only twice in the play: the first time, his part seems relatively unimportant, but the second time his character is more important as he sparks a verbal attack from mother when mentioning "jail," which highlights Joe's secret.

Edward G. Robinson played Joe Keller.

All My Sons was adapted into film twice.


A Christmas Carol. A Christmas Carol. In Prose. Being a Ghost Story of Christmas, commonly known as A Christmas Carol, is a novella by Charles Dickens, first published in London by Chapman & Hall in 1843 and illustrated by John Leech.

Horrified by what he read, Dickens planned to publish an inexpensive political pamphlet tentatively titled, An Appeal to the People of England, on behalf of the Poor Man's Child, but changed his mind, deferring the pamphlet's production until the end of the year.

Dickens had an interest in Christmas, and his first story on the subject was "Christmas Festivities", published in Bell's Weekly Messenger in 1835; the story was then published as "A Christmas Dinner" in Sketches by Boz (1836).

Published on 19 December, the first edition sold out by Christmas Eve; by the end of 1844 thirteen editions had been released.

The publication of Davies Gilbert's 1823 work Some Ancient Christmas Carols, With the Tunes to Which They Were Formerly Sung in the West of England and

The first printing contained drab olive endpapers that Dickens felt were unacceptable, and the publisher Chapman and Hall quickly replaced them with yellow endpapers, but, once replaced, those clashed with the title page, which was then redone.

Dickens was not the first author to celebrate the Christmas season in literature.

In February 1843 the Second Report of the Children's Employment Commission was published.

The publishers declared themselves bankrupt and Dickens was left to pay £700 in costs.

In January 1844 Parley's Illuminated Library published an unauthorised version of the story in a condensed form which they sold for twopence.

It was first published in England.


Social and military revolution | Logistic support by youths

Boys and girls aged six and over joined Shaka's force as apprentice warriors (udibi) and served as carriers of rations, supplies like cooking pots and sleeping mats, and extra weapons until they joined the main ranks.

Scholarship studies | The Mfecane | Disruptions of the Mfecane

Do make Shaka out to be as bloodthristy as you can; it helps swell out the work and make it interesting.

In Qwabe, Shaka may have intervened in an existing succession dispute to help his own choice, Nqetho, into power.

Scholarship studies | The Mfecane | History and legacy

Shaka's army set out on a massive programme of expansion, killing or enslaving those who resisted in the territories he conquered.

The increased military efficiency led to more and more clans being incorporated into Shaka's Zulu empire, while other tribes moved away to be out of range of Shaka's impis.

Scholarship studies | Biographical sources

Stuart's early 20th century work was continued by D. McK. Malcolm in 1950.

The earliest are two eyewitness accounts written by European adventurer-traders who met Shaka during the last four years of his reign.

A standard general reference work in the field is Donald Morris's "The Washing of The Spears", which notes that the sources, as a whole, for this historical era are not the best.

Social and military revolution | Mobility of the army

He also drilled the troops to carry out encirclement tactics.

Despite carrying out this revenge, Shaka continued his pursuit of Zwide.

Children four and above worked for Shaka's helping out with logistics.


The Song of the Lark is the third novel by American author Willa Cather, written in 1915.

It is generally considered to be the second novel in Cather's Prairie Trilogy, following O Pioneers! (1913) and preceding My Ántonia (1918).

The visual arts: Jean-Baptiste-Camille Corot, Barbizon school, Dying Gaul, Venus de Milo, Jean-Léon Gérôme, Henri Rousseau, Édouard Manet, Anders Zorn, and the painting that inspired the title of the book, The Song of the Lark by Jules Breton, part of the collection of the Art Institute of Chicago.

Plot summary | Part II: The Song of the Lark

He then parts with Thea, explaining that her voice is her true artistic gift, not her playing.

Set in the 1890s in Moonstone, a fictional town in Colorado, The Song of the Lark is the self-portrait of an artist in the making.

In Chicago, Thea settles close to the parish of a Swedish Reformed Church with two German women.

She sings in the choir and in funerals for a stipend, and she takes piano lessons with Mr. Harsanyi.

When Mr. Harsanyi learns Thea sings in a church choir, he asks her to sing.

He is very impressed by her voice.

Later, he meets with the conductor of the Chicago Orchestra and asks him who is the best voice teacher in the area; it is Madison Bowers.

The Song of the Lark is the writer's 3rd book and is part of a trilogy.


A Christmas Carol. A Christmas Carol. In Prose. Being a Ghost Story of Christmas, commonly known as A Christmas Carol, is a novella by Charles Dickens, first published in London by Chapman & Hall in 1843 and illustrated by John Leech.

Published on 19 December, the first edition sold out by Christmas Eve; by the end of 1844 thirteen editions had been released.

The phrase "Merry Christmas" had been around for many years – the earliest known written  use was in a letter in 1534 – but Dickens's use of the phrase in A Christmas Carol popularised it among the Victorian public.

For the character Tiny Tim, Dickens used his nephew Henry, a disabled boy who was five at the time A Christmas Carol was written.

By the end of 1844 eleven more editions had been released.

Dickens wrote A Christmas Carol in response to British social attitudes towards poverty, particularly child poverty, and wished to use the novella as a means to put forward his arguments against it.

The Christmas tree had been introduced in Britain during the 18th century, and its use was popularised by Queen Victoria and Prince Albert.

Two days after the release of the Parley version, Dickens sued on the basis of copyright infringement and won.

Dickens was not the first author to celebrate the Christmas season in literature.

" entered popular use in the English language as a retort to anything sentimental or overly festive; the name "Scrooge" became used as a designation for a miser, and was added to the Oxford English Dictionary as such in 1982.In the early 19th century the celebration of Christmas was associated in Britain with the countryside and peasant revels, disconnected to the increasing urbanisation and industrialisation taking place.

A Christmas Carol was first released in the US.


After injuring his hamstring running out a double, he allegedly hit a home run in his next at bat to avoid having to run the bases.

Though it seemed like an unproductive year for him, Guerrero still hit in the top 20 and had 163 base hits.

In the first pitch of an at-bat, Guerrero hit 126 home runs and put 1,780 balls in play.

After a base hit by Toronto, Castillo, then a baserunner on second base, saw a patent opportunity to reach home base and score a run, as the batter had hit the ball well into deep-right field.

That night, Guerrero went 1 for 5 at the plate; his first big league hit, a single to center field, came against Atlanta Braves starting pitcher Steve Avery, in the top of the fourth inning, at Atlanta–Fulton County Stadium.

Regarded as the game's premier "bad-ball hitter", Guerrero consistently hit balls thrown well outside the strike zone, a skill evident on August 14, 2009, when he hit a pitch after it bounced in front of home plate.

Due to his leg condition, Guerrero only received a 30-day contract.

He had also developed a running game, stealing 37 bases in 2001.

The streak finally came to an end in August 2006 in a game in which Guerrero was intentionally walked three times, walked four times overall, and finished 0-for-1.

Two nights later, on September 21, 1996, Braves closer Mark Wohlers yielded Guerrero's first career home run (HR) — a ninth-inning blast that capped Montreal's scoring, in a 5-4 loss.

When trying to baby his leg that was not in top form, Guerrero once allowed a speedy ball to strike him so that he could walk to first base instead of run.


Washington University's Chancellor, Arthur Compton, made a special allowance for Gerty to hold a position there, going against the university's nepotism rules.

Gerty had to wait thirteen years before she attained the same rank as her husband.

Gerty Cori was born Gerty Theresa Radnitz into a Jewish family in Prague in 1896.

Gerty was informed during one university interview that it was considered "unamerican" for a married couple to work together.

Despite her research background, Gerty was only offered a position as a research associate at a salary one tenth of that received by her husband; she was warned that she might harm her husband's career.

Although the Coris were discouraged from working together at Roswell, they continued to do so, specializing in investigating carbohydrate metabolism.

She continued to work with Carl and was also kept on at the Institute.

Carl refused a position at the University of Buffalo because the school would not allow him to work with his wife.

The Coris left Roswell in 1931 after publishing their work on carbohydrate metabolism.

The director for the Institute threatened to dismiss Gerty if she did not cease collaborative research with her husband.

Gerty and Carl Cori collaborated on most of their work, including that which won them the 1947 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine "for their discovery of the course of the catalytic conversion of glycogen".

Gerty Theresa Cori (née Radnitz; August 15, 1896 – October 26, 1957) was an Austro-Hungarian-American biochemist who in 1947 was the third woman to win a Nobel Prize in science, and the first woman to be awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, for her role in the discovery of glycogen metabolism.

Gerty Theresa Radnitz Cori worked for one university while her husband worked for another.


The company was founded in 2007 by the Portuguese entrepreneur José Neves with its headquarters in London and main branches in Porto,  Guimarães, Braga, Lisbon, New York, Los Angeles, Tokyo, Shanghai, Hong Kong, São Paulo and Dubai.

Farfetch has offices in 11 cities and employs over 3,000 staff.

Immediately following the purchase, Farfetch's shares plunged by over 40 percent.

This led to the company being branded as a 'unicorn' company by media commentators, a term used to denote start-ups valued at $1billion+.Farfetch announced its acquisition of London boutique retailer Browns in May 2015.

Farfetch's main office is in London and has 11 branches.