The production was adapted for a 1942 feature film, scripted by Philip G. Epstein and Julius J. Epstein and directed by William Keighley.

Woollcott was delighted with The Man Who Came to Dinner and was offered the role for its Broadway debut.

The Man Who Came to Dinner was presented on Philip Morris Playhouse July 10, 1942.

In 1949, The Man Who Came to Dinner was produced for CBS Radio for The Hotpoint Holiday Hour.

The Man Who Came to Dinner is a comedy in three acts by George S. Kaufman and Moss Hart.

The film featured Monty Woolley, Bette Davis, Ann Sheridan, Billie Burke, Jimmy Durante, Mary Wickes and Richard Travis.

Who Came to Dinner approved by the Hart and Kaufman estates which starred Simon Callow as Whiteside, Elizabeth McGovern as Maggie, with Conleth Hill as Bert Jefferson, Cheryl Campbell as Lorraine Sheldon, John Sessions as Banjo and Professor Metz, Colin Stinton as Mr. Stanley, and Malcolm Sinclair as Beverley Carlton.

In the movie, Monty Woolley's portrayal at times came across as mean for mean's sake.

For Christmas Day, 2000, BBC Radio 4 broadcast a Marcy Kahan adaptation of The Man

The show was hosted by William Keighley, who directed the 1942 film adaptation.

The play The Man Who Came to Dinner was turned into a film.


The Council of Constance was a 15th-century ecumenical council recognized by the Catholic Church, held from 1414 to 1418 in the Bishopric of Constance in present-day Germany.

The council took great care to protect the legitimacy of the succession, ratified all his acts, and a new pontiff was chosen.

However, on 20 March he secretly fled the city and took refuge at Schaffhausen in territory of his friend Frederick, Duke of Austria-Tyrol.

It was concluded that the disputes would be mediated by the Council of Constance.

An innovation at the council was that instead of voting as individuals, the bishops voted in national blocs.

Sigismund arrived on Christmas Eve 1414 and exercised a profound and continuous influence on the course of the council in his capacity of imperial protector of the church.

Paweł Włodkowic and the other Polish representatives to the Council of Constance publicly defended Hus.

With the support of King Sigismund, enthroned before the high altar of the cathedral of Constance, the Council of Constance recommended that all three papal claimants abdicate, and that another be chosen.

The legality of this measure, in imitation of the "nations" of the universities, was more than questionable, but during February 1415 it carried and thenceforth was accepted in practice, though never authorized by any formal decree of the council.

That council was called by John XXIII and was held from 16 November 1414 to 22 April 1418 in Constance, Germany.

The Council of Constance  took place in a European country.


The novels chronicle the lives of a young wizard, Harry Potter, and his friends Hermione Granger and Ron Weasley, all of whom are students at Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry.

In 2016, the total value of the Harry Potter franchise was estimated at $25 billion, making Harry Potter one of the highest-grossing media franchises of all time.

The Harry Potter brand has been estimated to be worth as much as $25 billion.

Daniel Radcliffe portrayed Harry Potter, doing so for all succeeding films in the franchise.

Harry becomes a student at Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry, a wizarding academy in Scotland, and it is here where most of the events in the series take place.

Each of the seven books is set over the course of one school year.

Surveys of over 1,000 college students in the United States show that those who read the books were significantly different from those who had not.

Puffs, or Seven Increasingly Eventful Years at a Certain School of Magic and Magic is a play which is a spin-off from the Harry Potter franchise.

This year, Harry must compete against a witch and a wizard "champion" from overseas schools Beauxbatons and Durmstrang, as well as another Hogwarts student, causing Harry's friends to distance themselves from him.

Harry Potter and Lego Harry Potter models, which are influenced by the themes of both the novels and films.

Harry Potter films have been sucessful in both books and movies earning the franchise over $25 billion as it follows students at Hogwarts School.


Aleksandr II Nikolayevich, IPA: Aleksandr II Nikolayevich, IPA: [ɐlʲɪˈksandr ftɐˈroj nʲɪkɐˈlajɪvʲɪtɕ]; 29 April 1818 – 13 March 1881) was the Emperor of Russia, King of Poland and Grand Duke of Finland from 2 March 1855 until his assassination on 13 March 1881.Alexander's most significant reform as emperor was emancipation of Russia's serfs in 1861, for which he is known as Alexander the Liberator (Russian: Алекса́ндр

For his social reforms in Russia and his role in the liberation of Bulgaria, Alexander II became known in Bulgaria as the "Tsar-Liberator of Russians and Bulgarians".

The assassination triggered major suppression of civil liberties in Russia, and police brutality burst back in full force after experiencing some restraint under the reign of Alexander II, whose death was witnessed first-hand by his son, Alexander III, and his grandson, Nicholas II, both future emperors who vowed not to have the same fate befall them.

Alexander II (Russian: Алекса́ндр II Никола́евич, tr.

When the attending physician, Sergey Botkin, was asked how long it would be, he replied, "Up to fifteen minutes." At 3:30 that day, the standard of Alexander II (his personal flag) was lowered for the last time.

After the failure of the Constantinople Conference, at the beginning of 1877 Emperor Alexander II started diplomatic preparations with the other Great Powers to secure their neutrality in case of a war between Russia and the Ottomans.

On 13 March [O.S. 1 March] 1881, Alexander fell victim to an assassination plot in Saint Petersburg.

Alexander II is still regarded as "The Good Tsar" in Finland.

While touring Russia, he also befriended the then exiled poet Alexander Herzen and pardoned him.

Reign | Reforms | Emancipation of the serfs

Alexander II succeeded to the throne upon the death of his father in 1855.

Alexander II of Russia was assassinated.


The title of the poem and the first two lines reference the Greek Colossus of Rhodes, one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, a famously gigantic sculpture that stood beside or straddled across the entrance to the harbor of the island of Rhodes in the 3rd century BC.

"The New Colossus" is a sonnet by American poet Emma Lazarus (1849–1887).

Influence | Immigration to the United States

Over the decades, “The New Colossus” has acquired a patina of universality.

The poem is also the subtitle of the game's sequel: Wolfenstein II: The New Colossus.

Staining “The New Colossus” with the bile of discrimination is a shameful act of cultural defilement.

"The New Colossus" was the first entry read at the exhibit's opening on November 2, 1883.

The "air-bridged harbor that twin cities frame" refers to New York Harbor between New York City and Brooklyn, which were separate cities at the time the poem was written, before being consolidated as boroughs of the City of Greater New York in 1898.The "huddled masses" refers to the large numbers of immigrants arriving in the United States in the 1880s, particularly through the port of New York via Ellis Island.

In the poem, Lazarus contrasts that ancient symbol of grandeur and empire ("the brazen giant of Greek fame")  with a "New" Colossus – the Statue of Liberty, a female embodiment of commanding "maternal strength" ("Mother of Exiles").

This poem was written as a donation to an auction of art and literary works conducted by the "Art Loan Fund Exhibition in Aid of the Bartholdi Pedestal Fund for the Statue of Liberty" to raise money for the pedestal's construction.

Paul Auster wrote that "Bartholdi's gigantic effigy was originally intended as a monument to the principles of international republicanism, but 'The New Colossus' reinvented the statue's purpose, turning Liberty into a welcoming mother, a symbol of hope to the outcasts and downtrodden of the world.

It was, however, published in Joseph Pulitzer's New York World as well as The New York Times during this time period.

The New Colossus is a tragedy novel written in the 1800s.


In the 1995 film Dangerous Minds, retired U.S. Marine LouAnne Johnson, played by Michelle Pfeiffer, uses the poem to teach her students and help them identify with what they are learning in her class.

"Do not go gentle into that good night" is a poem in the form of a villanelle, and the most famous work of Welsh poet Dylan Thomas (1914–1953).

See scheme below. "Do not go gentle into that good night" was used as the text for the 1954

The rhyme-and-refrain pattern of Do not go gentle into that good night can be schematized as A1bA2 abA1 abA2 abA1 abA2

It has no title other than its first line, "Do not go gentle into that good night", a line that appears as a refrain throughout the poem along with its other refrain, "Rage, rage against the dying of the light".

In the same movie, leading actors Matthew McConaughey and Anne Hathaway are sent into hypersleep with the final words "Do not go gentle into that good night.

"In the light dying, we'll rage and fight, go kickin' and screamin', into that good night." The poem was featured as a voiceover by Iain Glen in a 2018 television advert for the Ford Motor Company.

Though first published in the journal Botteghe Oscure in 1951, it was written in 1947 when Thomas was in Florence with his family.

In the 1996 film Independence Day, the President makes a rousing speech as he prepares to lead the attack against the alien invaders, adapting Thomas' line, saying, "We will not go quietly into the night." The band Brave Saint Saturn includes a recording of Thomas reading his poem in their song "Two-Twenty-Nine" on their 2000 album

The first three lines of the poem are also used in the front matter of the book.

The 1951 poem "Do not go gentle into that good night" is used in the Dead Poets Society to teach the students.


Meat Loaf is not officially registered with any political party.

Music career | The Very Best of Meat Loaf

In 1998, Meat Loaf released The Very Best of Meat Loaf.

With the publicity generated from Hair, Meat Loaf was invited to record with Motown.

In December 1972, Meat Loaf was in the original off-Broadway production of Rainbow at the Orpheum Theatre in New York.

The single version of this song is a duet with Patti Russo, whereas the album version is a solo song by Meat Loaf.

The Motown production team in charge of the album wrote and selected the songs while Meat Loaf and Stoney came in only to lay down their vocals.

The album, titled Stoney & Meatloaf (with Meat Loaf misspelled as one word) was completed in the summer of 1971 and released in September of that year.

Meat Loaf left soon after Motown replaced his and Stoney's vocals from the one song he liked, "Who Is the Leader of the People?" with new vocals by Edwin Starr.

To support their album, Meat Loaf and Stoney toured with Jake Wade and the Soul Searchers, opening for Richie Havens, the Who, the Stooges, Bob Seger, Alice Cooper, and Rare Earth.

Meat Loaf appeared, credited as Meat Loaf

Meat Loaf is not affiliated with any certain government organization.


The poem currently remains under copyright, although the text is available online.

"Do not go gentle into that good night" is a poem in the form of a villanelle, and the most famous work of Welsh poet Dylan Thomas (1914–1953).

The rhyme-and-refrain pattern of Do not go gentle into that good night can be schematized as A1bA2 abA1 abA2 abA1 abA2

See scheme below. "Do not go gentle into that good night" was used as the text for the 1954

In the same movie, leading actors Matthew McConaughey and Anne Hathaway are sent into hypersleep with the final words "Do not go gentle into that good night.

It has no title other than its first line, "Do not go gentle into that good night", a line that appears as a refrain throughout the poem along with its other refrain, "Rage, rage against the dying of the light".

The villanelle consists of five stanzas of three lines (tercets) followed by a single stanza of four lines (a quatrain) for a total of nineteen lines.

"In the light dying, we'll rage and fight, go kickin' and screamin', into that good night." The poem was featured as a voiceover by Iain Glen in a 2018 television advert for the Ford Motor Company.

In Memoriam Dylan Thomas (Dirge-Canons and Song) for tenor and chamber ensemble, by Igor Stravinsky.

Electronic musician Richard Burmer released a track of the same name on his 1996 album Treasures of the Saints which features a recording of Dylan Thomas reading the poem.

Do Not Go Gentle Into That Good Night is a poem in the form of a villanelle, and the most famous work of Welsh poet Dylan Thomas (1914–1953) which currently remains under copyright and unavailable for use.


The Treaty of Tordesillas (Portuguese: Tratado de Tordesilhas

[tɾɐˈtaðu ðɨ tuɾðeˈziʎɐʃ]; Spanish: Tratado de Tordesillas [tɾaˈtaðo ðe toɾðeˈsiʎas]), signed at Tordesillas in Spain on June 7, 1494, and authenticated at Setúbal, Portugal, divided the newly discovered lands outside Europe between the Portuguese Empire and the Spanish Empire (Crown of Castile), along a meridian 370 leagues west of the Cape Verde islands, off the west coast of Africa.

Antimeridian: Moluccas and Treaty of Zaragoza

In the early 16th century, the Treaty between Spain and Portugal, concluded at Vitoria; February 19, 1524 and called for the Badajoz Junta to meet in 1524, at which the two countries tried to reach an agreement on the anti-meridian but failed.

It was ignored by other European nations, and with the decline of Spanish and Portuguese power, the home countries were unable to hold many of their claims, much less expand them into poorly explored areas.

Emerging Protestant maritime powers, particularly England and The Netherlands, and other third parties such as Roman Catholic France, did not recognize the division of the world between only two Roman Catholic nations brokered by the pope.

This treaty would be observed fairly well by Spain and Portugal, despite considerable ignorance as to the geography of the New World; however, it omitted all of the other European powers.

Thus, with sufficient backing, it became possible for any European state to colonize open territories, or those weakly held by Lisbon or Madrid.

For a period between 1580 and 1640, the treaty was rendered meaningless, as the Spanish King was also King of Portugal.

But Portugal's discovery of the highly valued Moluccas in 1512 caused Spain to argue in 1518 that the Treaty of Tordesillas divided the Earth into two equal hemispheres.

The attitude towards the treaty that other governments had was expressed in a statement attributed to France's King Francis I, "Show me Adam's will!" On January 13, 1750, King John V of Portugal and Ferdinand VI of Spain signed the Treaty of Madrid, in which both parties sought to establish the borders between Brazil and Spanish America, admitting that the Treaty of Tordesillas, as it had been envisioned in 1494 had been superseded, and was considered void.

The Treaty of Saragossa did not modify or clarify the line of demarcation in the Treaty of Tordesillas, nor did it validate Spain's claim to equal hemispheres (180° each), so the two lines divided the Earth into unequal hemispheres.

The treaty was important in dividing Latin America, as well as establishing Spain in the western Pacific.

The Treaty of Tordesillas was an agreement signed in Portugal between two European super powers.


His health never recovered, and he was placed in a sanitarium in nearby Elmendorf until he died at the age of 37 on April 1, 1914.

May threatened to prosecute Rube for bigamy because she did not recognize the divorce granted Rube in St. Louis.

We got Rube out of there without delay.

Further drinking and marital problems with his third wife, Madge Maguire, plagued Waddell; he passed out in the middle of a game against New York in 1909.

On August 19, Waddell pitched the first game of a doubleheader for Milwaukee, winning in the 17th inning on his own triple.

On July 1, 1902, Waddell became the second pitcher to strike out three batters on nine pitches in the third inning of a 2–0 win over the Baltimore Orioles.

Pitching an exhibition game in Memphis, he took the field alone with his catcher, Doc Powers, for the last three innings.

His career stats were 193–143, 2,316 strikeouts, and a 2.16 earned run average, with 50 shutouts and 261 complete games in 2961.1 innings pitched.

Well, the first practice Waddell tackled him and broke his leg.

Though eccentric and childlike, Waddell was not illiterate as some sources have claimed.

Schreckengost, a one-time friend who regularly fetched alcohol and fishing poles for Waddell, squabbled with both Waddell and Mack for being treated differently for the same offenses.

Rube Waddell passed away in his 30's.


The copper statue, a gift from the people of France to the people of the United States, was designed by French sculptor Frédéric Auguste Bartholdi and its metal framework was built by Gustave Eiffel.

President Calvin Coolidge officially designated the Statue of Liberty as part of the Statue of Liberty National Monument in 1924.

After dedication | Closures and reopenings (2001–present)

On October 7, 2016, construction started on the new Statue of Liberty Museum on Liberty Island.

Access and attributes | Location and access

The statue is situated in Upper New York Bay on Liberty Island south of Ellis Island, which together comprise the Statue of Liberty National Monument.

The statue is a figure of Libertas, a robed Roman liberty goddess.

Design and construction process | Announcement and early work

With the announcement, the statue was given a name, Liberty Enlightening the World.

Access and attributes | Inscriptions, plaques, and dedications

There are several plaques and dedicatory tablets on or near the Statue of Liberty.

Design and construction process | Construction in France | Design

Joachim Goschen Giæver designed the structural framework for the Statue of Liberty.

After dedication | Lighthouse Board and War Department (1886–1933)

One immigrant who arrived from Greece recalled: I saw the Statue of Liberty.

After dedication | Renovation and rededication (1982–2000)

The Statue of Liberty was one of the earliest beneficiaries of a cause marketing campaign.

The statue and Liberty Island reopened to the public on July 4, 2013.

The Statue of Liberty is bad of brass.


Willis was born on April 12, 1876 in Cecil County, Maryland.

The National Baseball Hall of Fame inducted Vic Willis in 1995, as the Delaware Sports Museum and Hall of Fame had done in 1977.

Willis was on one World Series championship team, the 1909 Pirates.

In 513 career games, Willis pitched 3,996 innings and posted a win–loss record of 249–205, with 388 complete games, 50 shutouts, and a 2.63 earned run average (ERA).

After the season ended, Willis was purchased by the Boston Beaneaters for Fred Lake and $1,000.

In one game against the Philadelphia Phillies, opposing pitcher Red Donahue threw a no-hitter, while Willis allowed eight walks in a 5–0 loss.

The Beaneaters acquired Willis to fill the void left by Jack Stivetts, who was near retirement due to an arm injury.

He lost one game during the Series, pitching against Ty Cobb's Detroit Tigers.

Prior to joining the major leagues, Willis played football and baseball for University of Delaware, then known as Delaware College, despite never attending the college.

Next season Willis pitched for a semipro team in his hometown Newark, Delaware.

Vic Willis was on the Beaneaters and was born in Delaware.


Christ the Redeemer (Portuguese: Cristo Redentor, standard Brazilian Portuguese: [ˈkɾistu ʁedenˈtoʁ], local pronunciation: [ˈkɾiɕtŭ̻ xe̞denˈtoɦ]) is an Art Deco statue of Jesus Christ in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, created by French sculptor Paul Landowski and built by Brazilian engineer Heitor da Silva Costa, in collaboration with French engineer Albert Caquot.

A symbol of Christianity across the world, the statue has also become a cultural icon of both Rio de Janeiro and Brazil, and is listed as one of the New7Wonders of the World.

The designs considered for the "Statue of the Christ" included a representation of the Christian cross, a statue of Jesus with a globe in his hands, and a pedestal symbolizing the world.

The statue of Christ the Redeemer with open arms, a symbol of peace, was chosen.

Christ the Redeemer of Malacca is on the Portuguese Settlement Square in Melaka, Malaysia (20' tall) Cristo Rey in Colombia (26 m) Cristo Rey by Urbici Soler in Sunland Park, New Mexico - (8.83 M) Cristo Redentor (

Christ of the Ozarks in Arkansas, United States, inspired by Rio's Christ the Redeemer (20 m) Christ of Vũng Tàu in Vietnam (32 m) Christ the King in Świebodzin, Poland (33 m) Christ of the Ozarks in Arkansas, United States, inspired by Rio's Christ the Redeemer (20 m) Christ of Vũng Tàu in Vietnam (32 m) Christ the King in Świebodzin, Poland (33 m) Christ the Redeemer of the Andes (Argentina/Chile) Christ the Sacred Heart of Jesus, Ibiza, Spain, inspired by Christ the Redeemer (23 m) Cristo Blanco in Cusco, Peru

Christ the Redeemer in Rio Verde, Goiás, Brazil Christ in the Mount in Pitangui, Minas Gerais, Brazil

The lightning rods located in the statue's head and arms were also repaired, and new lighting fixtures were installed at the foot of the statue.

Cristo del Otero in Palencia , Spain built in 1930 (21 m) Cristo Rey (statue, Mexico) located on the Cerro del Cubilete in Guanajuato, Mexico, inspired by Rio's Christ the Redeemer (23 m) Cristo Rey in Tenancingo, México, México (30 m) Christ Blessing in Manado, North Sulawesi, Indonesia (30 m) Christ of Havana in Havana, Cuba, inspired by Christ the Redeemer (20 m) Christ of the Abyss in various underwater locations

The King Lebanon Another imitation statue of Christ the Redeemer is at Nellore, Andhra Pradesh, India.(Shrish Patil) imitation at Kovalam, near Trivandrum, Kerala, India.

The restoration involved one hundred people and used more than 60,000 pieces of stone taken from the same quarry as the original statue.

The statue Christ the Redeemer is not considered one of the new 7 Wonders of the World.


His father, Saul Solomon White, apparently died when White was very young.

This short book-within-a-book is history, but it can also be described as an almanac, a scorecard, an archive, a who's who of African-American baseball up to 1907.

The next year, he joined the York Colored Monarchs of the Eastern Interstate League, a white-owned team that signed up most of the 1889 Cuban Giants.

Without a doubt this record will prove valuable in years to come." This second book on black baseball by Sol White never appeared.

Sol White's career as a baseball writer would continue with a series of articles on "colored baseball" in the Cleveland Advocate, a black newspaper, in 1919.

Florence and Sol White appear to have become separated at some point before 1930.When White was inducted into the National Baseball Hall of Fame in 2006, no family member was present, so Commissioner of Baseball Bud Selig accepted his plaque on the family's behalf.

Sol takes pride in having played against Ban when he was an obscure captain of a hick town club." White quickly made a name for himself as a ballplayer.

King Solomon "Sol" White (June 12, 1868 – August 26, 1955) was an American professional baseball infielder, manager and executive, and one of the pioneers of the Negro leagues.

Sol White married Florence Fields on March 15, 1906.

Sol White is perhaps best known for writing History of Colored Base Ball, also known (on the title page) as Sol White's Official Base Ball Guide.

"One of the Globes players got his finger smashed and since they all knew Sol, the captain pushed him into the game.

Sol White grew up with his daddy and played baseball a lot with him.


On August 27, 1948, at the age of 86, Hughes died in what is now the Tiffany Cottage of the Wianno Club in Osterville, Massachusetts.

He is interred at Woodlawn Cemetery in the Bronx, New York City.

Charles Evans Charles Evans Hughes Sr. (April 11, 1862 – August 27, 1948) was an American statesman, Republican Party politician, and the 11th Chief Justice of the United States Supreme Court.

Charles Evans Hughes, the only child of David and Mary, was born in Glens Falls on April 11, 1862.

The Charles Evans Hughes House, now the Burmese ambassador's residence, in Washington, D.C., was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1972.

Their first child, Charles Evans Hughes Jr., was born the following year, and Hughes purchased a house in Manhattan's Upper West Side neighborhood.

To enforce those laws, Hughes reorganized the New York State Department of Labor.

Despite his busyness as New York governor, Hughes found time to get involved in religious matters.

Seeking a strong candidate to defeat newspaper mogul William Randolph Hearst in the 1906 New York gubernatorial election, President Theodore Roosevelt convinced New York Republican leaders to nominate Hughes for governor.

After 1937, the Hughes Court continued to uphold economic regulations, with McReynolds and Butler often being the lone dissenters.

With the exception of a brief period of attendance at Newark High School, Hughes received no formal education until 1874, instead being educated by his parents.

Charles Evans Hughes shuffled off this mortal coil in Massachusetts, and then was taken to New York to be submerged in soil.


When Medwick strode forward, the ball hit him in the temple and rendered him unconscious.

Upon being asked by the Pope what his vocation was, Medwick replied, "Your Holiness, I'm Joe Medwick.

Though Medwick swung at any pitch near the strike zone, he was difficult to strike out.

Six days after the trade, Medwick was nearly killed by a pitch thrown at him by former Cardinals teammate Bob Bowman.

When asked about the incident after the game, Medwick replied, "I knew why they threw them.

University of Notre Dame football coach Knute Rockne made arrangements for Medwick to play football there, however Medwick decided to forgo college and enter professional baseball.

The son of Hungarian immigrants, Medwick was born and raised in Carteret, New Jersey.

Medwick remains the only known player to be thrown out of a game for his own personal safety.

Medwick helped lead the Dodgers to a pennant in 1941, but had lost much of his dominance.

" Medwick died in 1975 of a heart attack in St. Petersburg, Florida.

Joe Medwick was injured in the knee by a pitch.


The battle involved the largest number of casualties of the entire war and is often described as the war's turning point.

The south winning the Battle of Gettysburg is a popular premise for a point of divergence in American Civil War alternate histories.

The Battle of Gettysburg (locally  (listen)) was fought July 1–3, 1863, in and around the town of Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, by Union and Confederate forces during the American Civil War.

Although Gettysburg is one of the best known of all Civil War battlefields, it too faces threats to its preservation and interpretation.

Note that many other Union units (not part of the Army of the Potomac) were actively involved in the Gettysburg Campaign, but not directly involved in the Battle of Gettysburg.

Here are some examples which either depict or make significant reference to an alternate Battle of Gettysburg (sometimes simply inserting fantasy or sci-fi elements in an account of the battle):  Novels: Bring the Jubilee by Ward Moore; If the South Had Won the Civil War by Mackinlay Kantor; Civil War Trilogy (Gettysburg, Grant Comes East, Never Call Retreat) by Newt Gingrich, William R. Forstchen, and Albert S. Hanser; Stonewall Jackson at Gettysburg by Douglas Lee Gibboney; By Force of Arms by Billy Bennett.

Despite his age and injuries, Burns survived the battle and lived until 1872.

Historical assessment | Decisive victory controversies

Gettysburg was a landmark battle, the largest of the war and it would not be surpassed.

The Civil War Trust also successfully purchased and transferred 95 acres at the former site of the Gettysburg Country Club to the control of the U.S. Department of the Interior in 2011.Less than half of the over 11,500 acres on the old Gettysburg Battlefield have been preserved for posterity thus far.

During this ceremony, President Abraham Lincoln honored the fallen and redefined the purpose of the war in his historic Gettysburg Address.

Second day of battle | Attacks on the Union left flank

The defense of Little Round Top with a bayonet charge by the 20th Maine, ordered by Col. Joshua L. Chamberlain but possibly led by Lt. Holman S. Melcher, was one of the most fabled episodes in the Civil War and propelled Col. Chamberlain into prominence after the war.

The Battle of Gettysburg was a Civil War battle and had many injuries.


It is the first book in her House of Earth trilogy, continued in Sons (1932) and A House Divided (1935).

The Good Earth is a novel by Pearl S. Buck published in 1931 that dramatizes family life in a Chinese village in the early 20th century.

However, the 1937 film, The Good Earth, which was based on the stage version, was more successful.

If they had, Americans would have been fighting in Asia long before 1941."The Columbia University political scientist Andrew J. Nathan praised Hilary Spurling's book Pearl Buck in China: Journey to The Good Earth, saying that it should move readers to rediscover Buck's work as a source of insight into both revolutionary China and the United States' interactions with it.

Some scholars have seen The Good Earth as creating sympathy for China in the oncoming war with Japan.

In her view, Buck delves deeply into the lives of the Chinese poor and opposed "religious fundamentalism, racial prejudice, gender oppression, sexual repression, and discrimination against the disabled." Buck wrote the novel in Nanjing, spending mornings in the attic of her university house to complete the manuscript in one year (ca. 1929).

"If China had not captured the American imagination," said one, "it might just have been possible to work out a more satisfactory Far Eastern policy," but such works as The Good Earth, "infused with an understandable compassion for the suffering Chinese, did little to inform Americans about their limited options in Asia." The diplomatic historian Walter LaFeber, however, although he agrees that Americans grew enamored of heroic Chinese portrayed by writers such as Buck, concluded that "these views of China did not shape U.S. policy after 1937.

The novel is set in a timeless China and provides no explicit dates.

O-Lan endures the betrayal of her husband when he takes the only jewels she had asked to keep for herself, two pearls, so that he can make them into earrings to present to Lotus.

It disappeared after the exhibit, and in a memoir (1966), Buck is said to have written, "The devil has it.

The Good Earth is part of a trilogy of novels by Pearl Buck.


Young Adams was educated by private tutors – his cousin James Thaxter and his father's law clerk, Nathan Rice.

Adams instead selected James Barbour of Virginia, a prominent supporter of Crawford, to lead the War Department.

Adams's victory made him the first child of a president to serve as president himself.

During this period, Adams studied French, Greek, and Latin, and attended several schools, including Leiden University.

Presidency (1825–1829) | Domestic affairs | Ambitious agenda

He called for major investments in internal improvements as well as the creation of a national university, a naval academy, and a national astronomical observatory.

However, Andrew Jackson's military campaign in Florida, and Henry Clay's threats in Congress, forced Spain to cut a deal, which Adams negotiated successfully.

Later congressional career (1830–1848) | Van Buren and Tyler administrations, 1837–1843

Adams saw Tyler as an agent of "the slave-driving, Virginia, Jeffersonian school, principled against all improvement." After Tyler vetoed a bill to restore the national bank, Whig congressmen expelled Tyler from the party.

While the other candidates based their candidacies on their long tenure as congressmen, ambassadors, or members of the cabinet, Jackson's appeal rested on his military service, especially in the Battle of New Orleans.

Later congressional career (1830–1848) | Opposition to the Mexican-American War, 1844–1848

Polk deployed a military detachment led by General Zachary Taylor to back up his assertion that the Rio Grande constituted the Southern border of both Texas and the United States.

Later congressional career (1830–1848) | Death

Two days later, on February 23, he died at 7:20 p.m. with his wife at his side in the Speaker's Room inside the Capitol Building in Washington, D.C.; his only living child, Charles Francis, did not arrive in time to see his father alive.

Presidency (1825–1829) | Foreign affairs | Latin America

Van Buren saw the Panama Congress as an unwelcome deviation from the more isolationist foreign policy established by President Washington, while many Southerners opposed involvement with any conference attended by delegates of Haiti, a republic that had been established through a slave revolt.

As a child, Adams did not attend a military academy in Virginia.


Historiography | Sherman name in the military

Formally named the Medium Tank, M4, it acquired the name "Sherman" from the British Army, who received M4 tanks under the Lend-Lease Act.

The combined name "M4 Sherman" or just "Sherman" spread to American personnel and it has since become common to refer to it by that name.

Harrison, in a message to the Senate and the House of Representatives, wrote that:   He was an ideal soldier, and shared to the fullest the esprit du corps of the army, but he cherished the civil institutions organized under the Constitution, and was only a soldier that these might be perpetuated in undiminished usefulness and honor.

William Tecumseh Sherman (February 8, 1820 – February 14, 1891) was an American soldier, businessman, educator, and author.

Historiography | Autobiography and memoirs

This was designated as a "second edition, revised and corrected".

USS General Sherman, a Civil War gunboat acquired by the US Navy from the US Army in 1864, was named for Sherman.

After the end of the American Civil War in 1865, the gunboat was struck from the naval register and sent back to the Army.

After George Armstrong Custer's defeat at the Battle of Little Bighorn, Sherman wrote that "hostile savages like Sitting Bull and his band of outlaw Sioux ... must feel the superior power of the Government." He further wrote that "during an assault, the soldiers can not pause to distinguish between male and female, or even discriminate as to age." Despite his harsh treatment of the warring tribes, Sherman spoke out against the unfair way speculators and government agents treated the natives within the reservations.

Then will I share with you the last cracker, and watch with you to shield your homes and families against danger from every quarter.

Sherman lent his name to the Sherman tank.

Historiography | Published correspondence

Many of Sherman's official war-time letters (and other items) appear in the Official Records of the War of the Rebellion.

The ground vehicle that shares his name didn't get the designation officially, or even from American soldiers, and so likely has nothing to do with this particular general.


He ranks second in franchise history in shutouts.

Haines pitched on three World Series championship teams.

He retired with a 210–158 record, 981 strikeouts, 3.64 ERA, and 32082⁄3 innings pitched.

They had one child. Haines became a fixture in the Cardinals starting rotation in 1920.

Haines wanted to play baseball for the local team in Phillipsburg.

Haines pitched on three World Series championship teams, winning two games in the 1926 World Series.

Soon thereafter, he was signed to play for a minor league team in Dayton.

Branch Rickey of the St. Louis Cardinals noticed Haines while he was pitching in Kansas City, but the team was struggling with money.

Jesse Joseph Haines (July 22, 1893 – August 5, 1978), nicknamed "Pop", was a right-handed pitcher in for the Cincinnati Reds and St. Louis Cardinals of Major League Baseball (MLB).

He won 20 games or more three times for the Cardinals and won three World Series championships (in 1926, 1931, and 1934), though he did not pitch in the 1931 series.

Jesse Haines played on four championship teams and is the Cardinals franchise leader in strikeouts.


Set in Denmark, the play depicts Prince Hamlet and his revenge against his uncle, Claudius, who has murdered Hamlet's father in order to seize his throne and marry Hamlet's mother.

Of these, Booth remained to make his career in the States, fathering the nation's most notorious actor, John Wilkes Booth (who later assassinated Abraham Lincoln), and its most famous Hamlet, Edwin Booth.

Context and interpretation | Psychoanalytic | Sigmund Freud

Hamlet is able to perform any kind of action except take revenge on the man who murdered his father and has taken his father's place with his mother—Claudius has led Hamlet to realize the repressed desires of his own childhood.

Feminist theorists argue that she goes mad with guilt because, when Hamlet kills her father, he has fulfilled her sexual desire to have Hamlet kill her father so they can be together.

Ophelia is surrounded by powerful men: her father, brother, and Hamlet.

The protagonist of Hamlet is Prince Hamlet of Denmark, son of the recently deceased King Hamlet, and nephew of King Claudius, his father's brother and successor.

His very first words in the play are a pun; when Claudius addresses him as "my cousin Hamlet, and my son", Hamlet says as an aside: "A little more than kin, and less than kind.

hesitation in accomplishing the task of revenge assigned to him

Claudius also scolds Hamlet for continuing to grieve over his father and forbids him to return to his schooling in Wittenberg.

While Milton did not ultimately go that route, the poem still shows distinct echoes of Shakespearean revenge tragedy, and of Hamlet in particular.

Hamlet is about the revenge of a son for the assassination of his father.


He has served with Luke Bryan and Katy Perry as a judge for the singing competition American Idol since its move to ABC from the Fox network.

In September 2017, ABC announced that Richie would be a judge for the revival of American Idol.

Lionel Brockman Richie Jr. (born June 20, 1949) is an American singer, songwriter, composer, multi-instrumentalist, record producer and actor.

In 1968, he became a singer and saxophonist with the Commodores.

2019 American Idol 2020 Jeopardy! The Greatest of All Time

He also performed on the 2009 season finale for American Idol with Danny Gokey.

The marriage ended in 2004.Richie became a grandfather in 2008 when Nicole Richie gave birth to a baby girl with the lead singer of Good Charlotte, Joel Madden.

By the late 1970s, Richie had begun to accept songwriting commissions from other artists.

In 2016, Richie received the Songwriters Hall of Fame's highest honor, the Johnny Mercer Award.

Do You Think You Are? The program did research into Lionel Richie's genealogy and found out that his maternal great-grandfather was the national leader of an early African-American fraternal organization.

Because Lionel Richie is an successful singer, songwriter, and instrumentalist,  he became a Judge for ABC's American Idol.


Thomas Woodrow Wilson was born to a family of Scots-Irish and Scottish descent, in Staunton, Virginia, on December 28, 1856.

Wilson's maternal grandfather, Reverend Thomas Woodrow, migrated from Paisley, Scotland to Carlisle, England, before moving to Chillicothe, Ohio in the late 1830s.

The Papers of Woodrow Wilson.

Presidency (1913−1921) | Aftermath of World War I | Ratification debate and incapacity

Some Republicans, including former President Taft and former Secretary of State Elihu Root, favored ratification of the treaty with some modifications, and their public support gave Wilson some chance of winning the treaty's ratification.

The Public Papers of Woodrow Wilson.

The Woodrow Wilson Boyhood Home in Augusta, Georgia, and the Woodrow Wilson House in Washington, D.C., are National Historic Landmarks.

Monuments to Wilson include the Woodrow Wilson Monument in Prague.

The USS Woodrow Wilson, a Lafayette-class submarine, was named for Wilson.

The Woodrow Wilson Presidential Library is located in Staunton, Virginia.

A Crossroads of Freedom: The 1912 Campaign Speeches of Woodrow Wilson.

Kennedy, Ross A., ed. A Companion to Woodrow Wilson (2013).

Woodrow Wilson had roots from Scotland.


Before long, however, she is shocked by the coarse manners of both the male and female factory workers, and the physical demands of the job, as well as the squalid factory conditions, begin to take their toll.

One day, after an illness that costs her her job, she encounters Drouet on a downtown street.

Sister Carrie (1900) is a novel by Theodore Dreiser about a young country girl who moves to the big city where she starts realizing her own American Dream, first as a mistress to men that she perceives as superior, and later becoming a famous actress.

Hurstwood ultimately joins the homeless of New York, taking odd jobs, falling ill with pneumonia, and finally becoming a beggar.

Theodore Dreiser. Sister Carrie: Unexpurgated Edition.

Minnie Hanson, Carrie's dour elder sister who lives in Chicago and puts up Carrie on her arrival.

Carrie soon embarks on a quest for work to pay rent to her sister and her husband, and takes a job running a machine in a shoe factory.

Between 1900 and 1980, all editions of the novel were of a second altered version.

In 2013, Black Balloon Publishing released Clementine Classics: Sister Carrie by Theodore Dreiser, a new version of Sister Carrie annotated by Tumblr literary critic Clementine the Hedgehog.

Theodore Dreiser, Donald Pizer (ed.).

Sister Carrie (1900) is a novel by Theodore Dreiser about a younger sibling who goes to live and work in Chicago, where she's surprised by the crude behavior of her co workers when she becomes ill and loses her job.


It is the most popular Chinese city for tourists, receiving over 70 per cent more visitors than its closest competitor (Macau).

It is surrounded by the South China Sea on all sides except the north, which neighbours the Guangdong city of Shenzhen along the Sham Chun River.

Hong Kong is home to the second-highest number of billionaires of any city in the world, the highest number of billionaires of any city in Asia, and the largest concentration of ultra

The city is ranked as one of the most expensive cities for expatriates.

Along with the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology and City University of Hong Kong, these universities are ranked among the best in Asia.

The city has the largest number of skyscrapers of any city in the world, and its residents have some of the highest life expectancies in the world.

During the Mongol conquest of China in the 13th century, the Southern Song court was briefly located in modern-day Kowloon City (the Sung Wong Toi site) before its final defeat in the 1279 Battle of Yamen.

Hong Kong has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen Cwa), characteristic of southern China.

hœ́ːŋ.kɔ̌ːŋ] (listen)), officially the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China (HKSAR), is a metropolitan area and special administrative region of the People's Republic of China on the eastern Pearl River Delta of the South China Sea.

high-net-worth individuals of any city in the world.

Hong Kong was transferred to China on 1 July 1997, after 156 years of British rule.

Honk Kong is the most visited city in China.


Aparicio was born in Maracaibo, Zulia State, Venezuela.

His father, Luis Aparicio Sr., was a notable shortstop in Venezuela and owned a Winter League team with Aparicio's uncle, Ernesto Aparicio.

The full name of the stadium is Estadio Luis Aparicio El Grande (Luis Aparicio "the Great" Stadium) in honor to Luis Aparicio Ortega.

In 2004, the first annual Luis Aparicio Award was presented to the Venezuelan player who recorded the best individual performance in Major League Baseball, as voted on by sports journalists in Venezuela.

Luis Ernesto Aparicio Montiel (born April 29, 1934), nicknamed "Little Louie", is a Venezuelan former professional baseball player who is notable for being the first player from Venezuela to be inducted into the National Baseball Hall of Fame.

Also, the sports complex where the stadium is located is named Polideportivo Luis Aparicio Montiel.

but a lot of young people in Venezuela don’t know Mr. Aparicio.

Major league career | Boston Red Sox (1971–1973)

After three seasons with the White Sox, Aparicio was traded to the Boston Red Sox for Luis Alvarado and Mike Andrews on December 1, 1970.

“I want to make people know in Venezuela.

There is a stadium in Maracaibo, Venezuela, bearing his father's name.

Aparicio was adopted and raised in Cumana in Venezuela by Luis Aparicio Senior.


The play tells the story of the fictional American small town of Grover's Corners between 1901 and 1913 through the everyday lives of its citizens.

Emily confronts George about his pride, and over an ice cream soda, they discuss the future and they confess their love for each other.

Professor Willard speaks to the audience about the history of the town.

Our Town was first performed on radio May 12, 1939, on The Campbell Playhouse.

Our Town (opera), an operatic version of the play with music by Ned Rorem

Our Town was first performed at McCarter Theatre in Princeton, New Jersey in 1938.

OT: Our Town, a 2002 documentary by Scott Hamilton Kennedy about a production of the play by Dominguez High School in Compton, California Our Town, a 2003 television film adaptation starring Paul Newman as the Stage Manager.

Sam Craig – a nephew of Mrs Gibbs who left town to seek his fortune.

"Wilder called Our Town his favorite out of all his works, but complained that it was rarely done right, insisting that it "should be performed without sentimentality or ponderousness--simply, dryly, and sincerely." Our Town was first performed at McCarter Theater in Princeton, New Jersey on January 22, 1938.

Three years have passed, and George and Emily prepare to wed.

The day is filled with stress.

Our Town explores the theme of love.


Isomer (; from Greek ἰσομερής, isomerès; isos = "equal", méros = "part") is the root of "isomer".

Many isomers are equal or roughly equal in bond energy, and so exist in roughly equal amounts, provided that they can interconvert relatively freely, that is the energy barrier between the two isomers is not too high.

Many preparative procedures afford a mixture of equal amounts of both enantiomeric forms.

Structural isomers differ in terms of the connectivity of some or all constituent atoms.

Structural isomers | Example: propanols and methoxyethane

Another isomer of C3H8O: methoxyethane (ethyl-methyl-ether; III).

Tautomers are structural isomers which readily interconvert, so that two or more species co-exist in equilibria such as H–

Structural isomers | Example: propadiene and propyne

Propadiene (or allene) and propyne (or methylacetylene) are examples of isomers containing different bond types.

A simple example of isomerism is given by propanol: It has the formula C3H8O (or C3H7OH) and occurs as two isomers: propan-1-ol (n-propyl alcohol; I) and propan-2-ol (isopropyl alcohol; II) These two molecules are position isomers of each other, because the position of the hydroxy group differs between the two: It is attached to an end carbon in the first isomer, and to the center carbon in the second.

E/Z isomers, which have restricted rotation at a double bond, are configurational isomers.

Unlike the isomers of propanol, methoxyethane has an oxygen connected to two carbons rather than to one carbon and one hydrogen.

Isomer means equal amount.


My Fair Lady is a musical based on George Bernard Shaw's 1913 play Pygmalion, with book and lyrics by Alan Jay Lerner and music by Frederick Loewe.

Productions | Original Broadway production

My Fair Lady then played for four weeks at the Erlanger Theatre in Philadelphia, beginning on February 15, 1956.

My Fair Lady has been called "the perfect musical".

"My Fair Lady is wise, witty, and winning.

Productions | Other major productions | 2012 Sheffield production

A new production of My Fair Lady opened at Sheffield Crucible on December 13, 2012.

Lerner settled on the title My Fair Lady, relating both to one of Shaw's provisional titles for Pygmalion, Fair Eliza, and to the final line of every verse of the nursery rhyme "London Bridge Is Falling Down".

Productions | Other major productions | Berlin, 1961

A German translation of My Fair Lady opened on October 1, 1961, at the Theater des Westens in Berlin, starring Karin Hübner and Paul Hubschmid (and conducted, as was the Broadway opening, by Franz Allers).

Despite the controversy, My Fair Lady was considered a major critical and box office success, and won eight Oscars, including Best Picture of the Year, Best Actor for Rex Harrison, and Best Director for George Cukor.

Dominic West played Henry Higgins, and Carly Bawden played Eliza Doolittle.

According to Geoffrey Block, "Opening night critics immediately recognized that My Fair Lady fully measured up to the Rodgers and Hammerstein model of an integrated musical... Robert Coleman...wrote 'The Lerner-Loewe songs are not only delightful, they advance the action as well.

My Fair Lady is a play inspired by the Women's Suffrage Movement.


Techniques by chromatographic bed shape | Planar chromatography | Thin-layer chromatography (TLC)

Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) is a widely employed laboratory technique used to separate different biochemicals on the basis of their relative attractions to the stationary and mobile phases.

Chromatography is a laboratory technique for the separation of a mixture.

The specific Retention factor (Rf) of each chemical can be used to aid in the identification of an unknown substance.

Special techniques | Two-dimensional chromatography

Two-dimensional chromatography aims to increase the resolution of these peaks by using a second column with different physico-chemical (chemical classification) properties.

Techniques by chromatographic bed shape | Planar chromatography | Paper chromatography

This paper is made of cellulose, a polar substance, and the compounds within the mixture travel further if they are less polar.

Traditional affinity columns are used as a preparative step to flush out unwanted biomolecules.

Preparative chromatography is used to purify sufficient quantities of a substance for further use, rather than analysis.

Techniques by physical state of mobile phase | Liquid chromatography

It can be carried out either in a column or a plane.

Techniques by separation mechanism | Size-exclusion chromatography

It is also useful for determining the tertiary structure and quaternary structure of purified proteins, especially since it can be carried out under native solution conditions.

Special techniques | Fast protein liquid chromatography

Fast protein liquid chromatography (FPLC), is a form of liquid chromatography that is often used to analyze or purify mixtures of proteins.

Thin-layer Chromatography is a laboratory technique used to draw out dense substances from a chemical mixture.


Career overview | Solo career | Most successful female singer of the 1970s

Author Andrew Greeley, in his book God in Popular Culture, described Ronstadt as "the most successful and certainly the most durable and most gifted woman Rock singer of her era.

By the end of the decade, the singer whom the Chicago Sun Times described as the "Dean of the 1970s school of female rock singers" became what Redbook called "the most successful female rock star in the world." "Female" was the important qualifier, according to Time magazine, which labeled her "a rarity ... to (have survived) ... in the shark-infested deeps of rock.

As Country Music magazine wrote in October 1978, Simple Dreams solidified Ronstadt's role as "easily the most successful female rock and roll and country star at this time.

Career overview | Solo career | Time magazine and "rock chick" image

Female rock artists like her and Janis Joplin, whom she described as lovely, shy, and very literate in real life and the antithesis of the "red hot mamma" she was artificially encouraged to project, went through an identity crisis.

Since her solo career had begun, Ronstadt had fought hard to be recognized as a solo female singer in the world of rock, and her portrayal on the Time cover did not appear to help the situation.

With the release of chart-topping albums such as Heart Like a Wheel, Simple Dreams, and Living in the USA, Ronstadt became the first female "arena class" rock star.

Ronstadt describes herself as a "spiritual atheist".

"Her 1977 appearance on the cover of Time magazine under the banner "Torchy Rock" was also upsetting to Ronstadt, considering what the image appeared to project about the most famous woman in rock.

1989 – Outstanding Individual Performance in a Variety or Music Program, Linda Ronstadt, Great Performances: Canciones de Mi Padre

In 2011, Ronstadt was interviewed by the Arizona Daily Star and announced her retirement.

Ronstadt has been described as the most outstanding female rock star of her time.


Films | Related films | The Ninth Configuration (1980)

Released in 1980, it was based on Blatty's novel of the same name.

Films | Related films | Possessed (2000)

A made-for-television film, Possessed (based on the book of the same name by Thomas B. Allen), was broadcast on Showtime on October 22, 2000, directed by Steven E. de Souza and written by de Souza and Michael Lazarou.

Parodies and pastiches | Other references

In 2014, British author Saurav Dutt released a book entitled Pazuzu Unbound, which is a book set in contemporary times dealing with the demon Pazuzu but which does not deal with the original characters in the film and novel on which the book is inspired.

Completely ignoring the events of Exorcist II, this book and film presented a continuation of Karras' story.

The adaptation is faithful to the book, which itself has been commercially successful (hitting the New York Times bestseller list).

The book was the focus of a court case over its exclusion from The New York Times Best Seller list.

Blatty based aspects of the Gemini Killer on the real-life Zodiac Killer, who, in a January 1974 letter to the San Francisco Chronicle, had praised the original Exorcist film as "the best satirical comedy that I have ever seen".

Video game | The Exorcist: Legion VR (2017)

A horror VR video game, called The Exorcist: Legion VR, was published on Steam, Oculus and PlayStation in 2018 and was based on the events of The Exorcist III.

The book, inspired by the 1949 exorcism of Roland Doe, deals with the demonic possession of a 12-year-old girl and her mother's attempts to win back her child through an exorcism conducted by two priests.

The book details the demonic possession of twelve-year-old Regan MacNeil, the daughter of a famous actress, and the two priests who attempt to exorcise the demon.

The film wasn't based off a book.


It is Shakespeare's longest play with 30,557 words.

As such, it reverberates through the writing of later centuries.

This section is limited to those written for the stage.

Through the chaos triggered by Hamlet's staging of it, Guildenstern helps Rosencrantz vie with Hamlet to make Ophelia his bride.

In fact, Hamlet is the most produced Shakespeare play in New York theatre history, with sixty-four recorded productions on Broadway, and an untold number Off-Broadway.

The play is a series of scenes and songs, and was first staged at a public swimming pool in Brooklyn.

As John Kerrigan discusses, Milton originally considered writing his epic poem Paradise Lost (1667) as a tragedy.

" The idea that Q1 is not riddled with error but is instead eminently fit for the stage has led to at least 28 different Q1 productions since 1881.

Performance history | Shakespeare's day to the Interregnum

Shakespeare provides no clear indication of when his play is set; however, as Elizabethan actors performed at the Globe in contemporary dress on minimal sets, this would not have affected the staging.

Performance history | Restoration and 18th century

This new stage convention highlighted the frequency with which Shakespeare shifts dramatic location, encouraging the recurrent criticism of his failure to maintain unity of place.

Notable stagings in London and New York include Barrymore's 1925 production at the Haymarket; it influenced subsequent performances by John Gielgud and Laurence Olivier.

Hamlet is Shakespeares most verbose product of stage writing.


He impressed the Red Sox enough during the workout that less than a month later, a one-year contract was offered by the organization.

Major leagues | Injuries and move to the bullpen (1998–2004)

He underwent Tommy John surgery before the 2000 season, and missed the entire year.

In December 2008, several members of the Boston Red Sox organization, including pitching coach John Farrell, vice president of player personnel Ben Cherington and assistant trainer Mike Reinold, flew to Atlanta to participate in a 90-minute workout with Smoltz.

On January 13, 2009, Smoltz signed a one-year contract with the Red Sox for a reported base salary of $5.5 million with roster time incentives and miscellaneous award incentives which could net as much as $10 million.

Throwing for only the second time since having surgery on a torn labrum in his pitching shoulder, he threw a 50-pitch side session and showcased not only his tremendous progress since the surgery, but an arsenal of well-developed pitches which made him so successful throughout his career.

On August 17, the Red Sox released Smoltz.

Though predominantly known as a starter, Smoltz was converted to a reliever in 2001 after his recovery from Tommy John surgery, and spent four years as the team's closer before returning to a starting role.

The Red Sox offered Smoltz a minor league stint in order to prepare him to be placed in the bullpen, but he rejected the offer.

He made his first start in the Red Sox rotation on June 25, allowing seven hits and five runs through five innings.

He was designated for assignment on August 7 after a 13–6 loss to the New York Yankees, giving the Red Sox ten days to release or trade him, or send him to the minors.

After Tommy John surgery on his shoulder, John Smoltz signed a multi-year deal with the Boston Red Sox.


John Quincy Adams ( (listen); July 11, 1767 – February 23, 1848) was an American statesman, diplomat, lawyer, and diarist who served as the sixth president of the United States, from 1825 to 1829.

He was the eldest son of John Adams, who served as the second US president from 1797 to 1801, and First Lady Abigail Adams.

It has been suggested that John Quincy Adams had the highest I.Q. of any U.S. president.

Adams's middle name of Quincy has been used by several locations in the United States, including the town of Quincy, Illinois.

Later congressional career (1830–1848) | Jackson administration, 1830–1836

His election went against the generally held opinion, shared by his own wife and youngest son, that former presidents should not run for public office.

John Quincy Adams was born on July 11, 1767, to John and Abigail Adams (née Smith) in a part of Braintree, Massachusetts that is now Quincy.

Adams and Andrew Johnson are the only former presidents to serve in Congress.

Adams County, Iowa, and Adams County, Wisconsin, were each named for either John Adams or John Quincy Adams.

He was named for his mother's maternal grandfather, Colonel John Quincy, after whom Quincy, Massachusetts, is named.

John Quincy Adams Birthplace is now part of Adams National Historical Park and open to the public.

Former American president John Quincy Adams was the son of a US president.


Two broad classes of stereoisomers are recognized: enantiomers and diastereomers.

Structural isomers differ in terms of the connectivity of some or all constituent atoms.

Tautomers are structural isomers which readily interconvert, so that two or more species co-exist in equilibria such as H–

Structural isomers | Example: propanols and methoxyethane

Methoxyethane is an ether, not an alcohol, because it lacks a hydroxyl group, and it has chemical properties more similar to other ethers than to either of the above alcohol isomers.

While structural isomers typically have distinct chemical properties, stereoisomers behave identically in most chemical reactions, except in their reaction with other stereoisomers.

A related type of geometric isomerism is facial–meridional (fac-mer) isomerism in octahedral MX3Y3 complexes, in which each set of three identical ligands either occupies one face of the octahedron or is situated on one meridian of the octahedron.

X– X– Y=Z ⇌ X=Y–Z –H. Important examples are keto-enol tautomerism and the equilibrium between neutral and zwitterionic forms of an amino acid.

A simple example of isomerism is given by propanol: It has the formula C3H8O (or C3H7OH) and occurs as two isomers: propan-1-ol (n-propyl alcohol; I) and propan-2-ol (isopropyl alcohol; II) These two molecules are position isomers of each other, because the position of the hydroxy group differs between the two: It is attached to an end carbon in the first isomer, and to the center carbon in the second.

Synthesis of fumaric acidIndustrial synthesis of fumaric acid proceeds via the cis-trans isomerization of maleic acid: Isomers having distinct biological properties are common; for example, the placement of methyl groups.

In substituted xanthines, theobromine, found in chocolate, is a vasodilator with some effects in common with caffeine; but, if one of the two methyl groups is moved to a different position on the two-ring core, the isomer is theophylline, which has a variety of effects, including bronchodilation and anti-inflammatory action.

There are three broad groups for isomers: structural, stereoisomers, and Tautomers.


On 14 December, six days after her birth, she became Queen of Scotland when her father died, perhaps from the effects of a nervous collapse following the Battle of Solway Moss or from drinking contaminated water while on campaign.

Mary was christened at the nearby Church of St Michael shortly after she was born.

She was said to have been born prematurely and was the only legitimate child of James to survive him.

Mary was born on 8 December 1542 at Linlithgow Palace, Scotland, to King James V and his French second wife, Mary of Guise.

Marriage to Lord Darnley | Murder of Darnley

At the start of the journey, he was afflicted by a fever—possibly smallpox, syphilis or the result of poison.

Childhood and early reign | Life in France

Henry commented:  "from the very first day they met, my son

Escape and imprisonment in England | Trial

Mary was moved to Fotheringhay Castle in a four-day journey ending on 25 September.

Twenty days later, she married the Dauphin at Notre Dame de Paris, and he became king consort of Scotland.

Over the next two days, a disillusioned Darnley switched sides and Mary received Moray at Holyrood.

Mary had briefly met her English-born half-cousin Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley, in February 1561 when she was in mourning for Francis.

Mary started her reign just a few days after she was born.


It is an epic about the American home front during World War II that was adapted and produced by David O. Selznick from the 1943 novel Since You Went Away: Letters to a Soldier from His Wife by Margaret Buell Wilder.

Though famously sentimental in places, Since You Went Away is somber at times about the effects of war on ordinary people.

Since You Went Away was released to DVD by MGM Home Video on October 19, 2004 in a Region 1

Since You Went Away is a 1944 American drama film directed by John Cromwell for Selznick International Pictures and distributed by United Artists.

Two hours and fifty-one minutes is a lot of time to harp upon one well-known theme -lonesomeness and anxiety.

Jones and Walker played young sweethearts in Since You Went Away, but in real life, they were married at the time and going through a bitter break-up due to Jones' ongoing affair with producer Selznick.

The film is set in a mid-sized American town, where people with loved ones in the Armed Forces try to cope with their changed circumstances and make their own contributions to the war effort.

According to Bosley Crowther, Since You Went Away, Selznick's first screen production in four years, features a script with an "excess of exhausting emotional detail"; Crowther was impressed with the performances, but had issues with the film as a whole: As the mother and center of the family, Claudette Colbert gives an excellent show of gallantly self-contained emotion, and Jennifer Jones is surpassingly sweet as a well-bred American daughter in the first bloom of womanhood and love.

When the Hiltons travel by train in a failed attempt to see Tim one last time before he ships out, they encounter or travel with many other people whose lives have been affected by the war, and they end up not getting to see Tim because their train is delayed to allow a defense supply train to go through first.

Since You Went Away focuses on WWI.


Physical characteristics | Atmosphere | Other features

These features are cloud clearings that reside in deeper cloud layers.

Cassini observed a series of cloud features nicknamed "String of Pearls" found in northern latitudes.

Physical characteristics | Atmosphere | Cloud layers

In 1990, the Hubble Space Telescope imaged an enormous white cloud near Saturn's equator that was not present during the Voyager encounters, and in 1994 another smaller storm was observed.

Physical characteristics | Atmosphere | South pole vortex

Eyewall clouds had not previously been seen on any planet other than Earth.

In the upper cloud layers, with the temperature in the range 100–160 K and pressures extending between 0.5–2 bar, the clouds consist of ammonia ice.

The composition of the clouds varies with depth and increasing pressure.

Physical characteristics | Atmosphere | North pole hexagonal cloud pattern

The hexagonal feature does not shift in longitude like the other clouds in the visible atmosphere.

Saturn's finer cloud patterns were not observed until the flybys of the Voyager spacecraft during the 1980s.

Water ice clouds begin at a level where the pressure is about 2.5 bar and extend down to 9.5 bar, where temperatures range from 185–270 K. Intermixed in this layer is a band of ammonium hydrosulfide ice, lying in the pressure range 3–6 bar with temperatures of 190–235 K.

The upper clouds are composed of ammonia crystals, while the lower level clouds appear to consist of either ammonium hydrosulfide (NH4SH) or water.

Saturn has a string of clouds referred to as "Hexagonal Spots" seen in southern areas that are cloud spaces that stay in deep cloud tiers.


Thoroughly Modern Millie is a 1967 American musical-romantic comedy film directed by George Roy Hill and starring Julie Andrews.

The film opens on "Thursday, June 2, 1922," although, in actuality, June 2, 1922 fell on a Friday.

Also, the film is recognized by American Film Institute in these lists:  2004: AFI's 100 Years...100 Songs: "Thoroughly Modern Millie" – Nominated 2006: AFI's Greatest Movie Musicals – Nominated

Thoroughly Modern Millie was her last film of the 1960s to make money.

A DVD was issued in 2003. In 1922 New York City, flapper Millie Dillmount is determined to find work as a stenographer to a wealthy businessman and then marry him – a "thoroughly modern" goal.

" The film was one of four nostalgia-based movies that George Roy Hill made.

Millie marries Jimmy, Miss Dorothy marries Trevor, and Muzzy marries one of her instructors.

Millie realizes that Miss Dorothy is just one of several girls who have vanished without a word to anyone, except to Mrs. Meers.

Guide rated the film three out of four stars and commented "Although it ultimately runs out of steam, this charming spoof of the 1920s is still one of the 1960s' better musicals ... Andrews is a comic delight, Moore is charming, and Channing steals scene after scene in this enjoyable feature.

The film opened to good reviews and good box office.

The Thoroughly Modern Millie 1967 American musical-romantic comedy film opens on "Thursday, June 2, 1922," although, in actuality, June 2, 1922 fell on a Friday.


Eventually, Trevor sees Miss Dorothy and falls in love with her, and vice versa, leaving Millie heartbroken.

When Mrs. Meers finally succeeds, Millie finds Trevor drowning his sorrows, and he tells her that Miss Dorothy stood him up and checked out of the hotel.

There's a melodramatic mishmash towards the end, which has Mr. Fox dressing up like a girl and acting kittenish.

After Thoroughly Modern Millie, he made Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid, The Great Waldo Pepper, and the Oscar-winning hit The Sting.

Millie is even more determined to stick to her plan and marry Trevor.

In the film Thoroughly Modern Millie, Millie is interested in Trevor but he ends up in a relationship with Dorothy.


An orphan at the age of four, and partially raised in foster homes, she always worked; one of her directors, Jacques Tourneur, said of Stanwyck, "She only lives for two things, and both of them are work." Barbara Stanwyck was born Ruby Catherine Stevens on July 16, 1907, in Brooklyn, New York.

She became a picture star. She is Barbara Stanwyck.

The Barbara Stanwyck Show was not a ratings success, but it earned her an Emmy Award.

After a series of unsteady daily performances, he was about to be fired, but Stanwyck staunchly defended him, successfully standing up to the film producers.

She felt that if someone from her disadvantaged background had risen to success, others should be able to prosper without government intervention or assistance.

At the suggestion of David Belasco, Ruby changed her name to Barbara Stanwyck by combining the first name from the play Barbara Frietchie with the last name of the actress in the play, Jane Stanwyck; both were found on a 1906 theater program.

After she moved into television in the 1960s, she won three Emmy Awards – for The Barbara Stanwyck Show (1961), the western series

She was billed in the series' opening credits as "Miss Barbara Stanwyck" for her role as Victoria, the widowed matriarch of the wealthy Barkley family.

She plays the columnist caught up in white lies and a holiday romance in Christmas in Connecticut (1945).

She was the fifth – and youngest – child of Catherine Ann (née McPhee) (1870-1911) and Byron E. Stevens (1872-1919), working-class parents.

Barbara Stanwyck (born Ruby Catherine Stevens; July 16, 1907 – January 20, 1990) was an American actress, model and dancer.

Barbara Stanwyck grew up without her parents.


Rappaccini's Daughter by Charles Wakefield Cadman premiered at Carnegie Hall on March 20, 1925 Rappaccini's Daughter by Margaret Garwood (1983) La hija de Rappaccini by Daniel Catán (1991) The Poisoned Kiss by Ralph Vaughan Williams

Spanish-language play: La Hija de Rappaccini by Octavio Paz (1956) English-language play: Rappaccini's Daughter by Sebastian Doggart (1996) John Todhunter verse-play The Poison-Flower, A Phantasy, in Three Scenes (1891) NBC's The Weird Circle (1943–1947), Episode 52, Radio Play.

PBS's American Short Story, starring Kristoffer Tabori, Kathleen Beller, Madeline Willemsen and Leonardo Cimino (1980) Twice Told Tales, starring Vincent Price (1963) DC Comics' Poison Ivy is partly inspired by Hawthorne's story.

"Rappaccini's Daughter" is a short story by Nathaniel Hawthorne first published in the December 1844 issue of The United States Magazine and Democratic Review, and later in the 1846 collection Mosses from an Old Manse.

Monica Rappaccini, a fictional villain and biochemical genius in the Marvel Comics Universe, is named after the Rappaccini of Hawthorne's story.

The story is set in Padua, Italy, in a distant and unspecified past.

The traditional story of a poisonous maiden has been traced back to India, and Hawthorne's version has been adopted in contemporary works.

Hawthorne begins the story with reference to the writings of the fictional writer 'Monsieur Aubépine', named after the French name of the hawthorn plant.

Broadcast date: November 26, 1944

Lights Out, featuring the first screen appearance of Eli Wallach

This short story has had several adaptations to different media.


Pope Innocent III (Latin: Innocentius III; 1160 or 1161 – 16 July 1216), born Lotario dei

Conti di Segni (anglicized as Lothar of Segni), held office from 8 January 1198 to his death.

Innocent III played further roles in the politics of Norway, France, Sweden, Bulgaria, Spain and England.

Biography | Crusades and suppression of heresy

Unlike past popes, Innocent III displayed interest in leading the crusade himself, rather than simply instigating it and allowing secular leaders to organize the expedition according to their own aspirations.

He exerted a wide influence over the Christian states of Europe, claiming supremacy over all of Europe's kings.

At the request of England's King John, Pope Innocent III declared the Magna Carta annulled, resulting in a rebellion by the English Barons who rejected the disenfranchisement.

Sayers, Janet E. Innocent III: Leader of Europe 1198–1216, London, New York, Longman (The Medieval World), 1994.

As pope, Lotario was to play a major role in the shaping of canon law through conciliar canons and decretal letters.

He took the name Innocent III, maybe as a reference to his predecessor Innocent II (1130–1143), who had succeeded in asserting the papacy's authority over the emperor (in contrast with Celestine III's recent policy).

Biography | Fourth Council of the Lateran

" It assumes that Jews blaspheme Christ, and therefore, as it would be "too absurd for a blasphemer of Christ to exercise power over Christians", Jews should not be appointed to public offices.

Innocent gave his approval of this agreement under two conditions: a representative of the pope must accompany the crusade, and the attack on any other Christians was strictly forbidden.

The Cardinal, who was the confessor of Pope Innocent III, was immediately sympathetic to Francis and agreed to represent Francis to the pope.

Pope Innocent III served in his role as a Christian leader for over 20 years.


The Mugwumps were Republican political activists in the United States who switched parties from the Republican Party by supporting Democratic candidate Grover Cleveland in the presidential election of 1884.

They switched because they rejected the financial corruption associated with Republican candidate James G. Blaine.

milliners". The epithet "goody-goody" from the 1890s goo-goo, a corruption of "good government", was used in a similar derogatory manner.

During the 2017 United Kingdom general election, Conservative Foreign Secretary Boris Johnson by writing in The Sun accused Labour Party Leader Jeremy Corbyn of being a threat to the United Kingdom and described him as a "mutton-headed old mugwump".

Thomas Nast, political cartoonist

Political affiliation continued to be the basis for appointment to many positions.

Whereas "mugwump" has become an obscure and almost forgotten political moniker, "goo-goo" was revived, especially in Chicago, by the political columns of Mike Royko.

After the election, "mugwump" survived for more than a decade as an epithet for a party bolter in American politics.

Blaine was from the reform wing of his own party, but the Mugwumps rejected his candidacy.

In the spoils system, the winning candidate would dole out government positions to those who had supported his political party prior to the election.

In the early 1880s, the issue of political patronage split the Republican Party down the middle for several consecutive sessions of Congress.

Political patronage, also known as the spoils system, was the issue that angered many reform-minded Republicans, leading them to reject Blaine's candidacy.

Mugwumps would be irrelevant in today's 2020 US political landscape.


He also had a longstanding fascination with fire trucks, and had run off the field to chase after them during games on multiple occasions.

Waddell is best remembered for his highly eccentric behaviour, and for being a remarkably dominant strikeout pitcher in an era when batters mostly slapped at the ball to get singles.

May threatened to prosecute Rube for bigamy because she did not recognize the divorce granted Rube in St. Louis.

We got Rube out of there without delay.

Not much was known about these mental conditions, or their diagnoses, at the time.

Mack offered Waddell a three-day fishing vacation if he agreed to pitch the second game.

After Waddell threw a complete game shutout for the victory, he headed to Pewaukee Lake to go fishing.

However, his erratic behavior led manager Fred Clarke to suspend him.

At the age of three, he wandered over to a local fire station and stayed there for several days.

However, he had command of many more pitches, including slow curves, screwballs, "fadeaways" and even a "flutterball".

Rube Waddell was a screwball best known for his bizarre, offbeat behavior that caused him to have repeated trouble starting fires while he was gone fishing.


Farfetch was founded in 2007 by José Neves, a Portuguese entrepreneur who has been active in the world of fashion start-ups since the 1990s, when he launched the shoe design business SWEAR.

Farfetch is led by José Neves, the founder of the business..

The e-commerce company operates local-language websites and mobile apps for international markets in English, Spanish, French, Japanese, Chinese, Arabic, German, Portuguese, Korean, Italian and Russian.

In August of that year, Farfetch served its millionth online customer.

Farfetch has offices in 11 cities and employs over 3,000 staff.

In February 2019, Farfetch agreed to merge its Chinese business with JD.com.

Farfetch developed the proprietary business units Farfetch Black & White and Store of the Future in 2015.In May 2016, Farfetch secured a Series F round of investment of US $110 million, led by new investors Temasek, IDG Capital Partners and Eurazeo with existing investor Vitruvian Partners participating.

In June 2017, it was announced that JD.com Inc. had bought a stake in Farfetch for $397 million.

As of September 2014, "annual sales of merchandise through the Farfetch site…surpassed £167 million.

In March 2015, Farfetch gained a further US$86 million from an investment group led by DST.

In December 2018, Farfetch acquired online sneaker platform, Stadium Goods, for $250 million.

The founder of Farfetch is Spanish.


W. A. Speck wrote that Walpole's uninterrupted run of 20 years as Prime Minister "is rightly regarded as one of the major feats of British political history.

Soon after Walpole returned to the Cabinet, Britain was swept by a wave of over-enthusiastic speculation which led to the South Sea Bubble.

Walpole's strategy of keeping Great Britain at peace contributed greatly to the country's prosperity.

His influence on the development of the uncodified constitution of Great Britain was less momentous even though he is regarded as Great Britain's first Prime Minister.

Great Britain, free from Jacobite threats, from war, and from financial crises, grew prosperous, and Robert Walpole acquired the favour of George I.

Under the Treaty of Seville (1729), Great Britain agreed not to trade with the Spanish colonies in North America.

Townshend, working with the king, helped keep Great Britain at peace, especially by negotiating a treaty with France and Prussia in 1725.

The Government had established a plan whereby the South Sea Company would assume the national debt of Great Britain in exchange for lucrative bonds.

During this time, Walpole also made two interventions in the Lords.

Foreign policy was the primary issue of contention; George I was thought to be conducting foreign affairs with the interests of his German territories, rather than those of Great Britain, at heart.

In 1712, Walpole was accused of venality and corruption in the matter of two forage contracts for Scotland.

Walpole led Great Britain for two decades.


War crimes | South Vietnamese, Korean and American

Such practice, which involved the assumption that any individual appearing in the designated zones was an enemy combatant that could be freely targeted by weapons, is regarded by journalist Lewis M. Simons as "a severe violation of the laws of war".

An estimated 26,000 to 41,000 civilian members of the PRG/Viet Cong termed "VC Infrastructure" were killed during the Phoenix Program, by US and South Vietnamese intelligence and security, with an unknown number being innocent civilians.

War crimes were committed by both sides during the conflict and included rape, massacres of civilians, bombings of civilian targets, terrorism, the widespread use of torture, and the murder of prisoners of war.

Involvement of other countries | Pro-Saigon | South Korea

State Department reports publicly questioned the usefulness of ROK forces in the conflict, as they have "appeared to have been reluctant to undertake offensive operations, and are only useful in guarding a small sector of the populated area".

A large number of war crimes took place during the Vietnam War.

U.S. exit and final campaigns, 1973–1975

Fighting continued after the ceasefire, this time without US participation, and continued throughout the year.

In 1968, the Vietnam War Crimes Working Group (VWCWG) was established by the Pentagon task force set up in the wake of the My Lai Massacre, to attempt to ascertain the veracity of emerging claims of war crimes by U.S. armed forces in Vietnam, during the Vietnam War period.

Torture was conducted by the South Vietnamese government in collusion with the CIA.South Korean forces were also accused of war crimes.

Vietnamization, 1969–1972 | ARVN taking the lead and U.S. ground-force withdrawal

While US forces were redeployed, the ARVN took over combat operations throughout the country, with casualties double US casualties in 1969, and more than triple US ones in 1970.

Aftermath | Effect on the United States | Impact on the U.S. military

Furthermore, throughout the war there was found to be considerable flaws and dishonesty by officers and commanders due to promotions being tied to the body count system touted by Westmoreland and McNamara.

Throughout the conflict, U.S. intelligence estimates remained skeptical of France's chance of success.

Journalism in the ensuing years has documented other overlooked and uninvestigated war crimes involving every army division that was active in Vietnam, including the atrocities committed by Tiger Force.

US forces participated in codified, systemic war crimes throughout the conflict, as parts of operations.


Borobudur, or Barabudur (Indonesian: Candi Borobudur, Javanese: ꦕꦤ꧀ꦣꦶꦧꦫꦧꦸꦣꦸꦂ, romanized: Candhi Barabudhur) is a 9th-century Mahayana Buddhist temple in Magelang Regency, not far from the town of Muntilan, in Central Java, Indonesia.

, Borobudur is located in an elevated area between two twin volcanoes, Sundoro-Sumbing and Merbabu-Merapi, and two rivers, the Progo and the Elo.

A ritual relationship between the three temples must have existed, although the exact ritual process is unknown.

During the restoration in the early 20th century, it was discovered that three Buddhist temples in the region, Borobudur, Pawon and Mendut, are positioned along a straight line.

In Indonesian, ancient temples are referred to as candi; thus locals refer to "Borobudur Temple" as Candi Borobudur.

The origins of the name Borobudur, however, are unclear, although the original names of most ancient Indonesian temples are no longer known.

Reliefs | The law of karma (Karmavibhangga)

It is these photographs that are displayed in Borobudur Museum (Karmawibhangga Museum), located just several hundred meters north of the temple.

Speculation about a surrounding lake's existence was the subject of intense discussion among archaeologists in the 20th century.

In 1931, a Dutch artist and scholar of Hindu and Buddhist architecture, W.O.J. Nieuwenkamp, developed a hypothesis that the Kedu Plain was once a lake and Borobudur initially represented a lotus flower floating on the lake.

It has been claimed that Borobudur was built on a bedrock hill, 265 m (869 ft) above sea level and 15 m (49 ft) above the floor of a dried-out paleolake.

Dumarçay together with Professor Thanikaimoni took soil samples in 1974 and again in 1977 from trial trenches that had been dug into the hill, as well as from the plain immediately to the south.

This is an ancient temple located in Indonesia.


It is about Giacomo Rappaccini, a medical researcher in medieval Padua who grows a garden of poisonous plants.

The song "Running through the Garden" was written by Stevie Nicks after reading "Rappaccini's Daughter".

Rappaccini's Daughter by Charles Wakefield Cadman premiered at Carnegie Hall on March 20, 1925 Rappaccini's Daughter by Margaret Garwood (1983) La hija de Rappaccini by Daniel Catán (1991) The Poisoned Kiss by Ralph Vaughan Williams

"Rappaccini's Daughter" is a short story by Nathaniel Hawthorne first published in the December 1844 issue of The United States Magazine and Democratic Review, and later in the 1846 collection Mosses from an Old Manse.

Beatrice is confined to the lush and locked gardens, which are filled with poisonous plants grown by her father.

Spanish-language play: La Hija de Rappaccini by Octavio Paz (1956) English-language play: Rappaccini's Daughter by Sebastian Doggart (1996) John Todhunter verse-play The Poison-Flower, A Phantasy, in Three Scenes (1891) NBC's The Weird Circle (1943–1947), Episode 52, Radio Play.

Her daughter, Carmilla Black, is, like Beatrice, both immune to poisons and able to deliver poisonous infection to another individual.

He brings up his daughter to tend the plants, and she becomes resistant to the poisons, but in the process she herself becomes poisonous to others.

Theodora Goss's 2017 book The Strange Case of the Alchemist's Daughter features Beatrice Rappaccini as one of its main characters.

From his quarters, Giovanni Guasconti, a young student of letters at the University of Padua, looks at Beatrice, the beautiful daughter of Dr. Giacomo Rappaccini, a scientist who works in isolation.

Rappaccini's Daughter is about a father teaching his daughter the value of growing a vegetable patch.


Most of the Bonus Army (Bonus Expeditionary Force or BEF) camped in a "Hooverville" on the Anacostia Flats, a swampy, muddy area across the Anacostia River from the federal core of Washington, just south of the 11th Street Bridges (now Section C of Anacostia Park).

Approximately 10,000 veterans, women and children lived in the shelters that they built from materials dragged out of a junk pile nearby, which included old lumber, packing boxes, and scrap tin covered with roofs of thatched straw.

William Hushka (1895–1932) was an immigrant to the United States from Lithuania.

the military operation, Major Dwight D. Eisenhower, later the 34th president of the United States, served as one of MacArthur's junior aides.

The Bonus Army massed at the U.S. Capitol on June 17 as the U.S. Senate voted on the Bonus Bill.

eight blocks from the Capitol were never called upon.

An Army intelligence report claimed that the BEF intended to occupy the Capitol permanently and instigate fighting, as a signal for Communist uprisings in all major cities.

It also conjectured that at least part of the Marine Corps garrison in Washington would side with the revolutionaries, hence Marine units

The camps were tightly controlled by the veterans, who laid out streets, built sanitation facilities, and held daily parades.

Shortly after 9 pm, MacArthur ordered Miles to cross the bridge and evict the Bonus Army from its encampment.

I's American Expeditionary Forces, while the media referred to them as the "Bonus Army" or "Bonus Marchers".

Two years later, hundreds of Pennsylvania war veterans marched on Philadelphia, then the nation's capital, surrounded the State House, where the U.S. Congress was in session, and demanded back pay.

The Bonus Army built a temporary town near the United States capitol.


Many of today's most interesting new buildings are made of wood, reflecting the strong appeal that this material continues to hold for Norwegian designers and builders.

Stonework architecture was introduced from Europe for the most important structures, beginning with the construction of Nidaros Cathedral in Trondheim.

In the early Middle Ages, wooden stave churches were constructed throughout Norway.

The standard of living in Norway is among the highest in the world.

Traditional wooden buildings that were constructed in Røros have survived.

One of the most striking modern buildings in Norway is the Sámi Parliament in Kárášjohka, designed by Stein Halvorson and Christian Sundby.

Lefse is a Norwegian potato flatbread, usually topped with large amounts of butter and sugar, most common around Christmas.

By mid-century, Norway's democracy was limited by modern standards: Voting was limited to officials, property owners, leaseholders and burghers of incorporated towns.

Another notable example of wooden architecture is the buildings at Bryggen Wharf in Bergen, also on the list for World Cultural Heritage sites, consisting of a row of tall, narrow wooden structures along the quayside.

Some of them have survived; they represent Norway's most unusual contribution to architectural history.

Norway constructs all of its modern architecture using standard concrete, steel, and other more common materials that are the same types employed around the world.


Spotify was founded in 2006 in Stockholm, Sweden, by Daniel Ek, former CTO of Stardoll, and Martin Lorentzon, co-founder of TradeDoubler.

P2P, a well-established Internet distribution system, served as an alternative that reduced Spotify's server resources and costs.

History | Other developments | Acquisitions

On 6 February 2019, Spotify acquired the podcast networks Gimlet Media and Anchor FM Inc., establishing itself as a major player in podcasting.

As of 2017, Spotify was not yet a profitable company.

Founded in 2006, the company mainly provides an audio streaming platform, the "Spotify" platform, that offers DRM-restricted music and podcasts from record labels and media companies.

In March 2014, Spotify acquired The Echo Nest, a music intelligence company.

In June 2015, Spotify acquired Seed Scientific, a data science consulting firm and analytics company.

In December 2013, the company launched a new website, "Spotify for Artists", that explained its business model and revenue data.

History | Other developments | Dispute with Apple

In the following months, Spotify joined several other companies in filing a letter with the European Union's antitrust body indirectly accusing Apple and Google of "abusing their 'privileged position' at the top of the market", by referring to "some" companies as having "transformed into 'gatekeepers' rather than 'gateways'".

The company pays 70% of its total revenue to rights holders.

The new round of funding valued the company at $1 billion.

The company, Spotify was established in Amsterdam, Netherlands.


It is made of reinforced concrete and soapstone.

The outer layers are soapstone, chosen for its enduring qualities and ease of use.

The restoration involved one hundred people and used more than 60,000 pieces of stone taken from the same quarry as the original statue.

The group organized an event called Semana do Monumento ("Monument Week") to attract donations and collect signatures to support the building of the statue.

A group of engineers and technicians studied Landowski's submissions and felt building the structure of reinforced concrete (designed by Albert Caquot) instead of steel was more suitable for the cross-shaped statue.

Christ the Redeemer (Portuguese: Cristo Redentor, standard Brazilian Portuguese: [ˈkɾistu ʁedenˈtoʁ], local pronunciation: [ˈkɾiɕtŭ̻ xe̞denˈtoɦ]) is an Art Deco statue of Jesus Christ in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, created by French sculptor Paul Landowski and built by Brazilian engineer Heitor da Silva Costa, in collaboration with French engineer Albert Caquot.

Cristo del Otero in Palencia , Spain built in 1930 (21 m) Cristo Rey (statue, Mexico) located on the Cerro del Cubilete in Guanajuato, Mexico, inspired by Rio's Christ the Redeemer (23 m) Cristo Rey in Tenancingo, México, México (30 m) Christ Blessing in Manado, North Sulawesi, Indonesia (30 m) Christ of Havana in Havana, Cuba, inspired by Christ the Redeemer (20 m) Christ of the Abyss in various underwater locations

It has been built by using two building materials.


Their idealism and reform sensibilities led them to oppose the political corruption in the politics of the Gilded Age.

In the period from 1876 to 1892, presidential elections were closely contested at the national level, but the states themselves were mostly dominated by a single party, with Democrats prevailing in the South and the Republicans in the Northeast.

Thomas Nast, political cartoonist

Political affiliation continued to be the basis for appointment to many positions.

Whereas "mugwump" has become an obscure and almost forgotten political moniker, "goo-goo" was revived, especially in Chicago, by the political columns of Mike Royko.

After the election, "mugwump" survived for more than a decade as an epithet for a party bolter in American politics.

Blaine was from the reform wing of his own party, but the Mugwumps rejected his candidacy.

In the spoils system, the winning candidate would dole out government positions to those who had supported his political party prior to the election.

In the early 1880s, the issue of political patronage split the Republican Party down the middle for several consecutive sessions of Congress.

Political patronage, also known as the spoils system, was the issue that angered many reform-minded Republicans, leading them to reject Blaine's candidacy.

Mark Twain, author self-identified as a Mugwump in his essay Christian Science

Mugwump were against extortion at the political level.


The world's highest-paid actress since 2018

Acting career | Films with Woody Allen (2005–2009)

Variety credited the cast as "almost flawless ... at the top of its game", citing "Johansson's quieter Mary ... as the [film's] emotional center".

Two of Johansson's films in 2006 explored the world of stage magicians, both opposite Hugh Jackman.

She made her film debut in the fantasy comedy North (1994), and gained early recognition for her roles in Manny & Lo (1996), The Horse Whisperer (1998), and Ghost World (2001).

Who Wasn't There (2001). Her breakthrough came playing a cynical outcast in Terry Zwigoff's black comedy Ghost World (2001), an adaptation of Daniel Clowes' graphic novel of the same name.

Acting career | Marvel Cinematic Universe and stage roles (2010–2013)

The film premiered at the 8th Rome International Film Festival, where Johansson won Best Actress; she was also nominated for the Critics' Choice Movie Award for Best Supporting Actress.

Acting career | Transition to adult roles (2003–2004)

Johansson earned a Golden Globe Award for Best Actress in a Drama nomination for the film.

Scarlett Ingrid Johansson (; born November 22, 1984) is an American actress and singer.

Johansson earned a Teen Choice Award for Choice Movie Actress: Drama nomination for her performance.

Acting career | Action and superhero films (2014–present)

For Captain America: Civil War, Johansson earned her second nomination for Critics' Choice Movie Award for Best Actress in an Action Movie and her fourth for Saturn Award for Best Supporting Actress.

Besson discussed the role with several actresses, and cast Johansson based on her strong reaction to the script and her discipline.

Johansson is the top remunerated actress in the world.


From the age of four, Verdi was given private lessons in Latin and Italian by the village schoolmaster, Baistrocchi, and at six he attended the local school.

At age 11, Verdi received schooling in Italian, Latin, the humanities, and rhetoric.

After learning to play the organ, he showed so much interest in music that his parents finally provided him with a spinet.

Giuseppe Fortunino Francesco Verdi (Italian: [dʒuˈzɛppe ˈverdi]; 9 or 10 October 1813 – 27 January 1901) was an Italian opera composer.

List of compositions by Giuseppe Verdi

See also List of compositions by Giuseppe Verdi and individual articles on the works.

The operas of the early period show Verdi learning by doing and gradually establishing mastery over the different elements of opera.

Although in the Requiem Verdi puts to use many of the techniques he learned in opera, its musical forms and emotions are not those of the stage.

Imagine that there are no more Germans here!!"Verdi had been admonished by the poet Giuseppe Giusti for turning away from patriotic subjects, the poet pleading with him to "do what you can to nourish the [sorrow of the Italian people], to strengthen it, and direct it to its goal.

By 1829–30, Verdi had established himself as a leader of the Philharmonic: "none of us could rival him" reported the secretary of the organisation, Giuseppe Demaldè.

Giuseppe Verdi learned Latin and Italian from his parents.


In November 2017, Minaj's brother Jelani was convicted of predatory sexual assault against a child and endangering the welfare of a child.

Her husband registered as sex offender in California in 2020, having been convicted of attempted rape in the first degree in 1995 in New York.

My favorite thing was Nicki Minaj's verse.'

For Pink Friday, Minaj created another alter ego: Roman Zolanski, "a demon inside her", Minaj's "twin brother" whose character she assumes when she is angry.

She has an elder brother named Jelani, an older sister named Maya, a younger brother named Micaiah, and a younger sister named Ming.

Career | 2014–2017: The Pinkprint and other ventures

The show was titled Nicki and the pilot episode was filmed in Minaj's hometown in January 2016.

I don't label myself. " In 2018, an interview with Elle, in which she discussed sex workers, her own sex appeal, and sexuality in music and on social media, attracted criticism.

A great Nicki Minaj comeback album would be the first great Nicki Minaj album, period."Before

On June 23, 2018, she performed a medley of "Chun-Li" and "Rich Sex" at the 2018 BET Awards.

A promotional single, "Rich Sex", featuring American rapper Lil Wayne, was released on June 11, 2018.

Nicki Minaj's brother and husband are registered sex offender.