A Christmas Carol. A Christmas Carol. In Prose. Being a Ghost Story of Christmas, commonly known as A Christmas Carol, is a novella by Charles Dickens, first published in London by Chapman & Hall in 1843 and illustrated by John Leech.

George Cruikshank, the illustrator who had earlier worked with Dickens on Sketches by Boz (1836) and Oliver Twist (1838), introduced him to the caricaturist John Leech.

By 24 October Dickens invited Leech to work on A Christmas Carol, and four hand-coloured etchings and four black-and-white wood engravings by the artist accompanied the text.

In 1824 John was committed to the Marshalsea, a debtors' prison in Southwark, London.

The Dickens scholar John O. Jordan argues that A Christmas Carol shows what Dickens referred to in a letter to his friend John Forster as his "Carol philosophy, cheerful views, sharp anatomisation of humbug, jolly good temper ... and a vein of glowing, hearty, generous, mirthful, beaming reference in everything to Home and Fireside".

The writer Charles Dickens was born to a middle-class family which got into financial difficulties as a result of the spendthrift nature of his father John.

Dickens's statement that Marley "had no bowels" is a reference to the "bowels of compassion" mentioned in the First Epistle of John, the reason for his eternal damnation.

The writer and social thinker John Ruskin told a friend that he thought Dickens had taken the religion from Christmas, and had imagined it as "mistletoe and pudding – neither resurrection from the dead, nor rising of new stars, nor teaching of wise men, nor shepherds".

The Illustrated London News described how the story's "impressive eloquence ... its unfeigned lightness of heart—its playful and sparkling humour ... its gentle spirit of humanity" all put the reader "in good humour with ourselves, with each other, with the season and with the author".

Scrooge could also be based on two misers: the eccentric John Elwes, MP, or Jemmy Wood, the owner of the Gloucester Old Bank and also known as "The Gloucester Miser".

A Christmas Carol's illustrations were done by John Leech.


Long active in politics, he served briefly as a congressman from New York, and was the unsuccessful candidate of the new Liberal Republican party in the 1872 presidential election against incumbent President Ulysses S. Grant, who won by a landslide.

Even as his father struggled to make a living as a hired hand, Horace Greeley read everything he could—the Greeleys had a neighbor who let Horace use his library.

There were many young printers in New York who had likewise come to the metropolis, and he could only find short-term work.

Davis's wife Varina urged Greeley to use his influence to gain her husband's release.

Horace Greeley (February 3, 1811 – November 29, 1872) was an American newspaper editor and publisher who was the founder and editor of the New-York Tribune, among the great newspapers of its time.

Editor of the Tribune | Influence (1849–1860)

Greeley sharpened those skills over time, laying down what future Secretary of State John Hay, who worked for the Tribune in the 1870s, deemed the "Gospel according to St. Horace".

Greeley had stopped over in Washington, D.C. on his way south to observe Congress.

Editor of the Tribune | 1860 presidential election

One subscriber cancelled, regretting the three-cent stamp he had to use on the letter; Greeley supplied a replacement.

Horace Greeley: Printer, Editor, Crusader.

Horace Greeley: Nineteenth-Century Reformer.

Horace Greeley: Champion of American Freedom.

Horace Greeley was in the U.S Congress for a short period of time.


They had one child. Haines became a fixture in the Cardinals starting rotation in 1920.

Haines pitched on three World Series championship teams, winning two games in the 1926 World Series.

Jesse Joseph Haines (July 22, 1893 – August 5, 1978), nicknamed "Pop", was a right-handed pitcher in for the Cincinnati Reds and St. Louis Cardinals of Major League Baseball (MLB).

Haines began to pitch fewer games in 1932.

After the committee selected Haines, Frisch commented that Haines was "a worthy, worthy man... a great competitor, a fine fellow off and on the field." Sabermetrician Bill James has listed Haines as one of ten examples of Hall of Fame inductees who do not deserve the honor.

Haines pitched on three World Series championship teams.

Haines wanted to play baseball for the local team in Phillipsburg.

Haines worked on the coaching staff of the Brooklyn Dodgers in 1938.

During his minor league days, Haines married Carrie M. Weidner.

Though he had a kind personality off the field, Haines was known as a fiery competitor during games.

Jesse Haines had two sisters and two brothers.


Anthony Keith Gwynn Sr. (May 9, 1960 – June 16, 2014), nicknamed "Mr. Padre", was an American professional baseball right fielder, who played 20 seasons (1982–2001) in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the San Diego Padres.

Commissioner Selig called Gwynn "the greatest Padre ever and one of the most accomplished hitters that our game has ever known, whose all-around excellence on the field was surpassed by his exuberant personality and genial disposition in life".

Professional baseball career | Major leagues (1982–2001) | 1990–1992

Widely respected by his peers and known as one of the most dedicated players in baseball, Gwynn in 1990 was accused by some teammates of being selfish and caring more about his batting average than winning.

Professional baseball career | Major leagues (1982–2001) | 1987–1989

During the season, McKeon replaced Bowa as Padres manager, and moved Gwynn from right to center field.

Professional baseball career | Major leagues (1982–2001) | 1998–2001

He was limited to playing just 36 of the Padres' first 71 games, and he started only 26 games in right field.

Applying Williams' approach, Gwynn employed the entire field, and was no longer satisfied with mostly hitting to left field.

A contact hitter, Gwynn excelled at hitting the ball to the opposite field.

Despite his financial problems and bankruptcy in 1987, Gwynn remained unfazed on the field.

" No one bothers Tony Gwynn because he wins batting titles, but the Padres finish fourth or fifth every year", said Clark, who also stirred controversy on his prior teams.

After weeks of negotiation that were at times bitter, Gwynn re-signed with the Padres for 2001, agreeing to a one-year, $2 million contract with a chance to earn another $3.7 million in performance incentives.

Gwynn was known as Mr. Padre on the field.


On 5 January 1895, Dreyfus was summarily convicted in a secret court martial, publicly stripped of his army rank, and sentenced to life imprisonment on Devil's Island in French Guiana.

Had Dreyfus refused the pardon, he would have been returned to Devil's Island, a fate he could no longer emotionally cope with; so officially Dreyfus remained a traitor to France, and pointedly remarked upon his release: The government of the Republic has given me back my freedom.

Alfred Dreyfus ( DRAY-fəs, also US:  DRY-, French: [alfʁɛd dʁɛfys]; 9 October 1859 – 12 July 1935) was a French artillery officer of Jewish ancestry whose trial and conviction in 1894 on charges of treason became one of the most controversial and polarizing political dramas in modern French history.

Alfred was 10 years old when the Franco-Prussian War broke out in the summer of 1870, and his family moved to Paris following the annexation of Alsace-Lorraine by Germany after the war.

For two years, until July 1906, he lived in a state of house-arrest with one of his sisters at Carpentras, and later at Cologny.

Dreyfus died in Paris aged 75, on 12 July 1935, exactly 29 years after his exoneration.

Suspicion quickly fell upon Dreyfus, who was arrested for treason on 15 October 1894.

However, due to public opinion, Dreyfus was offered and accepted a pardon by President Émile Loubet in 1899 and released from prison; this was a compromise that saved face for the military's mistake.

On 18 April 1891, the 31-year-old Dreyfus married 20-year-old Lucie Eugénie Hadamard (1870–1945).

Alfred Dreyfus's grandchildren donated over three thousand documents to the Musée d'art et d'histoire du judaïsme (Museum of Jewish art and history), including personal letters, photographs of the trial, legal documents, writings by Dreyfus during his time in prison, personal family photographs, and his officer stripes that were ripped out as a symbol of treason.

Alfred Dreyfus was convicted of treason but pardon years later.


Though he did not claim to have entered the city of Cíbola, he mentioned that it stood on a high hill and that it appeared wealthy and as large as Mexico City.

When de Niza returned, he told of a city of vast wealth, a golden city called Cíbola, whose Zuni residents were assumed to have murdered Estevan.

Francisco Vázquez de Coronado y Luján (Spanish pronunciation: [fɾanˈθisko ˈβaθkeθ ðe koɾoˈnaðo]; 1510 – 22 September 1554) was a Spanish conquistador and explorer who led a large expedition from Mexico to present-day Kansas through parts of the southwestern United States between 1540 and 1542.

" There Vázquez de Coronado met a crushing disappointment: Cíbola was nothing like the great golden city that de Niza had described.

In the autumn of 1539, Mendoza ordered Melchior Díaz, commander of the Spanish outpost at San Miguel de Culiacán, to investigate Friar de Niza's findings, and on November 17, 1539, Díaz departed for Cíbola with fifteen horsemen.

Expedition | Expedition | Conquest of Cíbola

Upon arrival, the Spanish were also denied entrance to the village that they came across and, once again, resorted to using force to enter.

Expedition | Expedition | Exploration of the Colorado River

and then the Colorado River. In this exploration, he hauled some supplies for Vázquez de Coronado, but eventually, he buried them with a note in a bottle.

Expedition | Expedition | Querechos and Teyas

Vázquez de Coronado left the Querechos behind and continued southeast in the direction in which the Turk told him that Quivira was located.

Vázquez de Coronado remained in Mexico City, where he died of an infectious disease on September 22, 1554.

Vázquez de Coronado had hoped to reach the Cities of Cíbola, often referred to now as the mythical Seven Cities of Gold, which is a term not invented until American gold-rush days in the 1800s.

The Spanish conquistador and explorer Francisco Vázquez de Coronado told tells of a golden city he entered in 1539.


Biography | Involvement in Imperial elections

In 1201, the pope openly espoused the side of Otto IV, whose family had always been opposed to the house of Hohenstaufen.

King Philip II of France supported Philip's claim, whereas King Richard I of England supported his nephew Otto.

New York: Taylor & Francis. New York: Taylor & Francis. ISBN 978-1-351-92743-7. (in Italian, French, and German) Andrea Sommerlechner, Andrea (dir.), Innocenzo III.

Biography | Crusades and suppression of heresy

A majority of the French ignored the threat and attacked Zara, and were excommunicated by Innocent III, but soon were forgiven so as to continue the crusade.

, 2 vol. , 2 vol. Tillman, Helen, Pope Innocent III, New York, 1980. (in French) Théry-Astruc, Julien, "Introduction", in Innocent III et le Midi (Cahiers de Fanjeaux, 50), Toulouse, Privat, 2015,

Published 1910. Published 1910. New York: Robert Appleton Company. Published 1910. Published 1910. New York: Robert Appleton Company. (in Italian) Maccarrone, Michele (ed.), Chiesa e Stato nella dottrina di papa Innocenzo III, Roma: Ateneo lateranense, 1941. Published 1910. Published 1910. New York: Robert Appleton Company. Published 1910. Published 1910. New York: Robert Appleton Company. (in Italian) Maccarrone, Michele (ed.), Chiesa e Stato nella dottrina di papa Innocenzo III, Roma: Ateneo lateranense, 1941. (in Italian) Maccarone, Michele, Studi su Innocenzo III, Padoue, 1972. (in Italian) Maccarone, Michele, Nuovi studi su Innocenzo III, éd.

(in Italian and Latin) Constitutiones Concilii quarti lateranensis –

He is furthermore notable for using interdict and other censures to compel princes to obey his decisions, although these measures were not uniformly successful.

Innocent was concerned that the marriage of Henry VI and Constance of Sicily gave the Hohenstaufens a claim to all the Italian peninsula with the exception of the Papal States, which would be surrounded by Imperial territory.

Bolton, Brenda, Innocent III.

Otto was defeated by the French and thereafter lost all influence.

Innocent III sided with the French in the matter of Italian royal succession.


The Washington family was a wealthy Virginia family which had made its fortune in land speculation.

He acquired them through inheritance, gained control of eighty-four dower slaves on his marriage to Martha and purchased at least seventy-one slaves between 1752 and 1773.

Washington was thought to be rich because of the well-known "glorified façade of wealth and grandeur" at Mount Vernon, but nearly all his wealth was in the form of land and slaves rather than ready cash.

Colonial military career (1752–1758) | French and Indian War

Though he failed to realize a royal commission, he did gain self-confidence, leadership skills, and invaluable knowledge of British tactics.

Lawrence Washington's service as adjutant general of the Virginia militia inspired George to seek a commission.

The Writings of George Washington from the Original Manuscript Sources, 1745–1799 (1931–1944) is a 39-volume set edited by John Clement Fitzpatrick, who was commissioned by the George Washington Bicentennial Commission.

George Washington (February 22, 1732 (N.S.) – December 14, 1799) was an American political leader, military general, statesman, and founding father who served as the first president of the United States from 1789 to 1797.

Historical reputation and legacy | Memorials | Universities

Numerous universities, including George Washington University and Washington University in St. Louis, were named in honor of Washington.

Commander in chief (1775–1783) | Battle of Long Island

Howe, emboldened by his Long Island victory, dispatched Washington as "George Washington, Esq.", in futility to negotiate peace.

Presidency (1789–1797) | Domestic issues | National Bank

Hamilton's Federalists exploited large loans to gain control of U.S. debt securities, causing a run on the national bank; the markets returned to normal by mid-April.

The outer vault has the sarcophagi of both George and Martha Washington; the inner vault has the remains of other Washington family members and relatives.

George Washington gained his wealth in the military.


Although the term acropolis is generic and there are many other acropoleis in Greece,

Whether this temple replaced an older one, or just a sacred precinct or altar, is not known.

History | Byzantine, Latin and Ottoman period

The Acropolis was besieged thrice during the Greek War of Independence (two sieges from the Greeks in 1821–1822 and one from the Ottomans in 1826–1827.

The project included collection and identification of all stone fragments, even small ones, from the Acropolis and its slopes and the attempt was made to restore as much as possible using reassembled original material (anastylosis), with new marble from Mount Pentelicus used sparingly.

History | The Periclean building program

These colonnades were almost finished during 432 BC and had two wings, the northern one decorated with paintings by Polygnotus.

Unusually, the temple has two porches, one on the northwest corner borne by Ionic columns, the other, to the southwest, supported by huge female figures or Caryatids.

Around the same time, on the North slope, in a cave next to the one dedicated to Pan since the classical period, a sanctuary was founded where the archons dedicated to Apollo on assuming office.

Not much is known about the architectural appearance of the Acropolis until the Archaic era.

This "Persian debris" was the richest archaeological deposit excavated on the Acropolis by 1890.

Nevertheless, it seems that a nine-gate wall, the Enneapylon, had been built around the acropolis hill and incorporating the biggest water spring, the Clepsydra, at the northwestern foot.

Servi, Katerina (2011). The Acropolis: The Acropolis Museum.

There are just one Acropolis in Europe.


Her father, Karsten Olaf Johansson, is an architect originally from Copenhagen, Denmark, and her paternal grandfather, Ejner Johansson, was an art historian, screenwriter and film director, whose father was Swedish.

She comes from an Ashkenazi Jewish family from Poland and Russia, originally surnamed Schlamberg, and Scarlett has described herself as Jewish.

Scarlett Ingrid Johansson (; born November 22, 1984) is an American actress and singer.

Scarlett Ingrid Johansson was born in the New York City borough of Manhattan, on November 22, 1984.

Acting career | Action and superhero films (2014–present)

She also took on the supporting role of a young boy's mother who shelters a Jewish girl in Nazi Germany in Taika Waititi's satire Jojo Rabbit.

Acting career | Marvel Cinematic Universe and stage roles (2010–2013)

Entertainment Weekly's Thom Geier wrote, "Scarlett Johansson brings a fierce fighting spirit" to her part, but Joe Dziemianowicz from Daily News called her performance "alarmingly one-note".

She received critical praise and nominations for two Academy Awards for playing a single mother in Nazi Germany in the satire Jojo Rabbit and an actress going through a divorce in the drama Marriage Story (both 2019).

Her performance received positive reviews: one written for the San Francisco Chronicle noted, "[the film] grows on you, largely because of the charm of ... Scarlett Johansson," while critic Mick LaSalle, writing for the same paper, commented on her "peaceful aura", and believed, "If she can get through puberty with that aura undisturbed, she could become an important actress." Johansson earned a nomination for the Independent Spirit Award for Best Lead Female for the role.

Johansson was credited with "sensitivity and talent

In May 2019, Johansson and Jost were engaged.

Johansson went on to star in the science fiction

Scarlett Johansson has roots from Germany.


The story is in part based on the life of the painter Paul Gauguin.

The Moon and Sixpence is not, of course, a life of Paul Gauguin in the form of fiction.

That book is The Moon and Sixpence.

The Moon and Sixpence is a novel by W. Somerset Maugham first published in April 15th, 1919.

"We've Got the Moon and Sixpence", sung by Al Bowlly, takes its name from the book and Jack Kerouac

The Moon and Sixpence is at once a satire of Edwardian mores and a Gauguin biography." According to some sources, the title, the meaning of which is not explicitly revealed in the book, was taken from a review of Maugham's novel Of Human Bondage in which the novel's protagonist, Philip Carey, is described as "so busy yearning for the moon that he never saw the sixpence at his feet." According to a 1956 letter from Maugham, "If you look on the ground in search of a sixpence, you don't look up, and so miss the moon.

The novel served as the basis for an opera, also titled The Moon and Sixpence, by John Gardner to a libretto by Patrick Terry; it was premiered at Sadlers Wells in 1957.Writer S Lee Pogostin

After the Paris episode, the story continues in Tahiti.

It is founded on what I had heard about him, but I used only the main facts of his story and for the rest trusted to such gifts of invention as I was fortunate enough to possess.

The life of the French artist Paul Gauguin is the inspiration for the story, however the character of Strickland as a solitary, sociopathic and destructive genius is more related to a mythological version of Gauguin's life, which the artist himself developed and promoted, than the actual course of the artist's life.

The Moon and Sixpence is a fictional story about an architect.


The play tells the story of the fictional American small town of Grover's Corners between 1901 and 1913 through the everyday lives of its citizens.

Town undertaker Joe Stoddard is introduced, as is a young man named Sam Craig who has returned to Grover's Corners for his cousin's funeral.

Grover's Corners, a 1987 musical adaptation performed at the Marriott Theatre.

The Stage Manager introduces the audience to the small town; Grover's Corners, New Hampshire, and the people living there as a morning begins in the year 1901.

Stage Manager – a narrator, commentator, and guide through Grover's Corners.

Charles Webb – Emily's father, Editor of the Grover's Corners Sentinel

the play-within-the-play which is set in the fictional community of Grover's Corners, New Hampshire.

Howie Newsome – the milkman, a fixture of Grover's Corners. Rebecca Gibbs – George's younger sister.

The Stage Manager gives the coordinates of Grover's Corners as 42°40′ north latitude and 70°37′ west longitude (those coordinates are actually in Massachusetts, about a thousand feet off the coast of Rockport), and at the beginning of Act III he mentions several real New Hampshire landmarks in the vicinity: Mt. Monadnock and the towns of Jaffrey, Jaffrey Center, Peterborough, and Dublin.

Professor Willard speaks to the audience about the history of the town.

Our Town revolves around Grover's Corners.


I veterans, together with their families and affiliated groups – who gathered in Washington, D.C. in mid-1932 to demand early cash redemption of their service certificates.

The Bonus Army was a group of 43,000 demonstrators – made up of 17,000 U.S. World War

At 1:40 pm MacArthur ordered General Perry Miles to assemble troops on the Ellipse immediately south of the White House.

A second, smaller Bonus March in 1933 at the start of the Roosevelt administration was defused in May with an offer of jobs with the Civilian Conservation Corps at Fort Hunt, Virginia, which most of the group accepted.

I veterans to receive their cash bonus.

Shortly after 9 pm, MacArthur ordered Miles to cross the bridge and evict the Bonus Army from its encampment.

I's American Expeditionary Forces, while the media referred to them as the "Bonus Army" or "Bonus Marchers".

Breaking with tradition, the veterans of the Spanish–American War did not receive a bonus and after World War I, that became a political matter when they received only a $60 bonus.

The Bonus Army massed at the U.S. Capitol on June 17 as the U.S. Senate voted on the Bonus Bill.

During the presidential campaign of 1932, Roosevelt had opposed the veterans' bonus demands.

The Bonus Army was a group of veterans and others would assembled in the 1930s.


It is the world's largest Buddhist temple.

Borobudur, or Barabudur (Indonesian: Candi Borobudur, Javanese: ꦕꦤ꧀ꦣꦶꦧꦫꦧꦸꦣꦸꦂ, romanized: Candhi Barabudhur) is a 9th-century Mahayana Buddhist temple in Magelang Regency, not far from the town of Muntilan, in Central Java, Indonesia.

During the restoration in the early 20th century, it was discovered that three Buddhist temples in the region, Borobudur, Pawon and Mendut, are positioned along a straight line.

Construction of Buddhist temples, including Borobudur, at that time was possible because Sanjaya's immediate successor, Rakai Panangkaran, granted his permission to the Buddhist followers to build such temples.

The Buddhist monuments, including Borobudur, were erected around the same period as the Hindu Shiva Prambanan temple compound.

History | Contemporary events | Religious ceremony

Vesak is an official national holiday in Indonesia, and the ceremony is centered at the three Buddhist temples by walking from Mendut to Pawon and ending at Borobudur.

This ratio is also found in the designs of Pawon and Mendut, nearby Buddhist temples.

Borobudur is the largest Buddhist temple in the world, and ranks with Bagan in Myanmar and Angkor Wat in Cambodia as one of the great archeological sites of Southeast Asia.

In Indonesian, ancient temples are referred to as candi; thus locals refer to "Borobudur Temple" as Candi Borobudur.

The rediscovery and reconstruction of Borobudur has been hailed by Indonesian Buddhist as the sign of the Buddhist revival in Indonesia.

Borobudur is Earth's biggest Buddhist temple since the 9th-century.


He then won the Puerto Rican Winter League Triple Crown in the 1949–1950 season, and also hit for the cycle once in his career.

Willard Jessie Brown (June 26, 1915 – August 4, 1996), nicknamed "Home Run" Brown, was an American baseball player who played outfielder in the Negro leagues and in Major League Baseball (MLB).

That winter, Brown went to Puerto Rico and had one of his greatest seasons ever, batting .432

Subsequently, he was a successful minor league player in the Texas League from 1953 through 1956.

On 20 July, Brown and Hank Thompson played against the Boston Red Sox.

He played briefly in the major leagues in 1947, having signed with the floundering St. Louis Browns.

In 1936, he signed with the Kansas City Monarchs, for which he played continuously until seeing action in World War II in 1944–45.

Brown was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 2006.

Brown was born in Shreveport, Louisiana on 26 June 1915.

From 1937 to 1946 Brown helped lead the Monarchs to six pennants in ten seasons.

Playing in Puerto Rico proved to be a success for Willard Brown.


"Rappaccini's Daughter" is a short story by Nathaniel Hawthorne first published in the December 1844 issue of The United States Magazine and Democratic Review, and later in the 1846 collection Mosses from an Old Manse.

The story is set in Padua, Italy, in a distant and unspecified past.

PBS's American Short Story, starring Kristoffer Tabori, Kathleen Beller, Madeline Willemsen and Leonardo Cimino (1980) Twice Told Tales, starring Vincent Price (1963) DC Comics' Poison Ivy is partly inspired by Hawthorne's story.

He lists texts by M. de l'Aubépine, some of which translate into Hawthorne's own works as follows: Contes deux fois racontés is Twice-Told Tales.

In the Ravenloft campaign setting for Dungeons & Dragons there are creatures called Ermordenungs; former humans who, through some unknown, torturous process, have been transformed into beautiful men and women with a deadly poisonous touch.

"Rappaccini's Daughter" is a short tale and is set in Italia.


James Maitland Stewart was born on May 20, 1908, in Indiana, Pennsylvania, the eldest child and only son born to Elizabeth Ruth (née Jackson; 1875–1953) and Alexander Maitland Stewart (1872–1962).

Career | Theater and early film roles, 1932—1937

The New Yorker commented, "Mr. James Stewart's chauffeur... comes on for three minutes and walks off to a round of spontaneous applause." Following the seven-month run of Goodbye Again, Stewart took a stage manager position in Boston, but was fired after frequently missing his cues.

The museum is located near his birthplace, his childhood home, and the former location of his father's hardware store.

A large statue of Stewart stands on the lawn of the Indiana County Courthouse and a plaque marks his birthplace.

In 1997, Princeton University, Stewart's alma mater, honored him with the dedication of the James M. Stewart Theater along with a retrospective of his films.

Upon his graduation in 1932, he was awarded a scholarship for graduate studies in architecture for his thesis on an airport design, but chose instead to join University Players, an intercollegiate summer stock company performing in West Falmouth, Massachusetts, on Cape Cod.

Belton explained that "James Stewart is more James Stewart than Glenn Miller in The Glenn Miller Story (1954) or Charles Lindbergh in The Spirit of St. Louis (1957)." Moreover, Jonathan Rosenbaum continued that Stewart's "pre-existing life-size persona" in Winchester '73 "helped to shape and determine the impact of [his character] in [this film]." On the other hand, Stewart has been described as a character actor who went through several distinct career phases.

Career | Career renewal: Westerns and suspense films (1950–1959)

James Neilson replaced Mann, and the film opened in 1957 to become a box office flop.

Personal life | Friendships, interests, and character

An award for Boy Scouts, "The James M. Stewart Good Citizenship Award" has been presented since 2003.

James Maitland Stewart (May 20, 1908 – July 2, 1997) was an American actor and military officer.

Stewart donated his papers and memorabilia to the library after becoming friends with the curator of its arts and communications collections, James D'Arc.

James Stewart's birthplace is Boston, Massachusetts.


He was a strong-armed quarterback, who reportedly could throw the football 70 yards.

Growing up in Southern California, Snider was a gifted all-around athlete, playing basketball, football, and baseball at Compton High School, class of 1944.

Edwin Donald "Duke" Snider (September 19, 1926 – February 27, 2011), nicknamed "The Silver Fox" and "The Duke of Flatbush", was an American professional baseball player.

Spotted by one of Branch Rickey's scouts in the early 1940s, he was signed to a baseball contract out of high school in 1943.

Snider occasionally took acting roles, sometimes appearing in television or films as himself or as a professional baseball player.

Major leagues | 1955 MVP balloting controversy

Snider finished second to teammate Roy Campanella in the 1955 Most Valuable Player (MVP) balloting conducted by the Baseball Writers' Association of America.

Snider, Duke; Gilbert, Bill (1988).

Besides his selection to the Hall of Fame in 1980, in 1999 Snider was ranked 84 on The Sporting News's list of "100 Greatest Players", and was a nominee for the Major League Baseball All-Century Team.

The Duke Snider Story. Julian Messner, Inc.

Often compared with two other New York center fielders, fellow Baseball Hall of Famers, Mickey Mantle and Willie Mays, he was the reigning "Duke" of Flatbush.

American baseball player Duke Snider was a quarterback in high school.


He had several sets of false teeth made which he wore during his presidency—none of which were made of wood, contrary to common lore.

George Washington (February 22, 1732 (N.S.) – December 14, 1799) was an American political leader, military general, statesman, and founding father who served as the first president of the United States from 1789 to 1797.

No army invaded the United States during this period, and Washington did not assume a field command.

Presidency (1789–1797) | Foreign affairs

The British agreed to abandon their forts around the Great Lakes, and the United States modified the boundary with Canada.

Hamilton created controversy among Cabinet members by advocating the establishment of the First Bank of the United States.

Washington read a speech in the Senate Chamber, asking "that Almighty Being who rules over the universe, who presides in the councils of nations—and whose providential aids can supply every human defect, consecrate the liberties and happiness of the people of the United States".

Retirement (1797–1799) | Final days and death

People worldwide admired Washington and were saddened by his death, and memorial processions were held in major cities of the United States.

Historical reputation and legacy | Memorials | Places and monuments

D.C. The state of Washington is the only state to be named after a president.

Great Britain refused to relinquish its forts in the American West, and Barbary pirates preyed on American merchant ships in the Mediterranean at a time when the United States did not even have a navy.

Washington suffered frequently from severe tooth decay and ultimately lost all his teeth but one.

Washington's legacy endures as one of the most influential in American history, since he served as commander-in-chief of the Continental Army, a hero of the Revolution, and the first president of the United States.

George Washington was the 1st president of the United States and did not have wooden teeth.


He was the second of two sons of Michele Giuseppe Francesco Antonio Benso, 4th Marquess of Cavour and Count of Isolabella and Leri, Lord of Corveglia, Dusino, Mondonio, Ottiglio and Ponticelli, Co-Lord of Castagnole, Cellarengo and Menabi, Cereaglio, Chieri, San Salvatore Monferrato, Santena and Valfenera, 1st Baron of the French Empire (1781–1850) and his wife (1805) Adélaïde (Adèle) Suzanne, Marchioness of Sellon (1780–1846), herself of French origin.

Camillo and his older brother Gustavo were initially educated at home.

Camillo Benso was born in Turin during Napoleonic rule, into a family that had gained a fair amount of land during the French occupation.

In 1865, the Collegio dei Nobili, the oldest high school in Turin (founded 1568), and among the oldest and most prominent ones in Italy, was renamed the Liceo Ginnasio statale "Camillo Benso di Cavour" (Liceo classico Cavour).

His godparents were Napoleon's sister Pauline, and her husband, Prince Camillo Borghese, after whom Camillo was named.

Camillo Paolo Filippo Giulio Benso, Count of Cavour, Isolabella and Leri (10 August 1810 – 6 June 1861), generally known as Cavour ( kə-VOOR, Italian: [kaˈvur]), was an Italian statesman and a leading figure in the movement toward Italian unification.

Biography | Prime minister of Piedmont–Sardinia

It was now up to Garibaldi to overthrow the Bourbon Kingdom of the Two Sicilies and bring southern Italy into Piedmont's control.

Cavour and Napoleon met in July 1858 at Plombières-les-Bains, and the two agreed that Piedmont would attempt to provoke war with the Duchy of Modena, obliging Austria to enter, and France would then aid Piedmont.

General La Marmora succeeded to Cavour's post and insisted on following the treaty terms, even sending a letter to Tuscany asking that they restore their Grand Duke. (Bettino Ricasoli, virtual dictator of Tuscany at the time, wrote about this appeal to his brother, saying

Camillo Benso had two brothers.


He was inducted into the National Baseball Hall of Fame in 1992.

In 1992, he was elected to the National Baseball Hall of Fame.

Angered when they rebuffed his recommendation to draft future Hall of Famer Derek Jeter in favor of Phil Nevin, he quit shortly after.

During his playing days, Newhouser's teammates nicknamed him "Prince Hal" because of the way he carried himself.

Harold Newhouser (May 20, 1921 – November 10, 1998), nicknamed "Prince Hal", was an American professional baseball player.

Hal Hewhouser was never a Hall of Famer.


The Lady of Shalott lives in an island castle in a river which flows to Camelot, but the local farmers know little about her.

Tennyson focused on the Lady's "isolation in the tower and her decision to participate in the living world, two subjects not even mentioned in Donna di Scalotta." The first four stanzas of the 1842 poem describe a pastoral setting.

"The Lady of Shalott" is a lyrical ballad by the English poet Alfred Tennyson.

"Critics such as Hatfield have suggested that "The Lady of Shalott" is a representation of how Tennyson viewed society; the distance at which other people are in the lady's eyes is symbolic of the distance he feels from society.

Lead vocalist Kimberly Perry holds a book of poems by Tennyson as she lies in a boat, floating down a river like the Lady of Shalott.

Israeli progressive rock group Atmosphera recorded a 16-minute epic named "Lady of Shalott" about the ballad.

Tennyson wrote two versions of the poem, one published in 1833, of 20 stanzas, the other in 1842, of 19 stanzas.

Two aspects, in particular, of "The Lady of Shalott" intrigued these artists: the idea of the lady trapped in her tower and the dying girl floating down the river towards Camelot.:173

In Jasper Fforde's novel One of our Thursdays Is Missing (2011), the Lady of Shalott possesses a mirror that allows characters in the Book World to see into the real world ("the Outland").

In Diana Wynne Jones' novel Hexwood (1993) one of the main characters, Ann Stavely, compares herself to the Lady of Shalott in that she uses a mirror to look outside her window.

The Lady of Shalott is a lyrical ballad by the English poet Alfred Tennyson focusing on the occupant feeling isolated in an island castle in a river.


He is a lifelong friend of Thea, who gives her financial support, which she in her turn repays.

The book tells the story of a talented artist born in a small town in Colorado who discovers and develops her singing voice.

Set in the 1890s in Moonstone, a fictional town in Colorado, The Song of the Lark is the self-portrait of an artist in the making.

The Song of the Lark is the third novel by American author Willa Cather, written in 1915.

Although Moonstone is a fictional small town at the end of a rail line in Colorado, most other cities and towns are real, like Denver, Chicago in the fast growing 1890s, Evanston, Illinois a suburb of Chicago, and Dresden in Germany.

Doctor Howard Archie: the young town doctor in Moonstone.

Plot summary | Part V: Doctor Archie's Venture

She tells Archie about this. In New York she tells Fred that she will leave and will not accept his financial help.

After studying in Chicago, she becomes a renowned opera singer in Dresden and New York City.

Plot summary | Part I: Friends of Childhood

After Christmas, Wunsch tells Thea about a Spanish opera singer who could sing an alto part of Christoph Willibald Gluck.

The novel was inspired by the story of soprano Olive Fremstad.

The 1915 novel Song of the Lark tells the story of a small town girl from Colorado who becomes an opera singer after the town doctor provides her financial support.


She leaves her tower, finds a boat upon which she writes her name, and floats down the river to Camelot.

She dies before arriving at the palace.

In 1888, he painted the Lady setting out for Camelot in her boat; this work is now in the Tate Gallery.

The Lady of Shalott lives in an island castle in a river which flows to Camelot, but the local farmers know little about her.

The remaining seven stanzas describe the effect on the lady of seeing Lancelot; she stops weaving and looks out of her window toward Camelot, bringing about the curse.

Instead, she looks into a mirror, which reflects the busy road and the people of Camelot who pass by her island.

Among the knights and ladies who see her is Lancelot, who thinks she is lovely.

Two aspects, in particular, of "The Lady of Shalott" intrigued these artists: the idea of the lady trapped in her tower and the dying girl floating down the river towards Camelot.:173

"The Lady of Shalott" does not appear in the original book by Edith Wharton.

Tennyson's poem is used for narration and as a narrative device in the short story "Camelot Garden" (2008), by manga author Kaori Yuki.

In 1894, Waterhouse painted the Lady at the climactic moment when she turns to look at Lancelot in the window in The Lady of Shalott Looking at Lancelot; this work is now in the City Art Gallery in Leeds.

She dies before arriving at the palace.

The lady in "The Lady of Shallot" is dead when she reaches Camelot.


The film was directed by Daniel Nearing, written by Nearing and Rudy Thauberger, and stars Andre Truss, Keisha Dyson and Gerrold Johnson.

In 2008 Winesburg, Ohio, a filmed adaptation of the novel, was produced by Jennifer Granville.

The adaptation, written by Christopher Sergel, starred Ben Piazza as George Willard, James Whitmore as Tom Willard, Sandra Church as Helen White, and Leon Ames as Dr. Reefy.

In 2010, Chicago Heights, a contemporary adaptation of the modular novel, premiered in competition at the Busan International Film Festival and appeared in multiple additional festivals.

On 3 Aug. 1959, The New York Times announced a film adaptation to be produced by Mirisch Company for release by United Artists, Christopher Sergel to write the screenplay and Jeffrey Hayden to direct.

A companion documentary, Lost in Winesburg, directed by Tommy Britt, examined the legacy of Anderson's book by documenting present day small town Ohio and the attempt to adapt Anderson's book for the screen by the local community and Ohio University students, alumni, staff and faculty.

Noted film critic Roger Ebert said "it is a beautiful book, and has inspired this beautiful film," and later listed Chicago Heights among the Best Art Films of 2010.

Literary and cultural connections | In film

Daniel Nearing's 2009 independent film Chicago Heights was based on Winesburg, Ohio.

It was screened at the Athens International Film and Video Festival.

A loose musical adaptation of Winesburg, Ohio written by Kevin Kuhlke with music by Heaven Phillips premiered in 2003 as Winesburg: Small Town Life at the Perseverance Theatre in Juneau, Alaska.

There was a 1950s film adaptation of Winesburg, Ohio staring James Stuart.


Farfetch is an online luxury fashion retail platform that sells products from over 700 boutiques and brands from around the world.

The company was founded in 2007 by the Portuguese entrepreneur José Neves with its headquarters in London and main branches in Porto,  Guimarães, Braga, Lisbon, New York, Los Angeles, Tokyo, Shanghai, Hong Kong, São Paulo and Dubai.

Farfetch is led by José Neves, the founder of the business..

In August of that year, Farfetch served its millionth online customer.

Farfetch has offices in 11 cities and employs over 3,000 staff.

In February 2019, Farfetch agreed to merge its Chinese business with JD.com.

Farfetch developed the proprietary business units Farfetch Black & White and Store of the Future in 2015.In May 2016, Farfetch secured a Series F round of investment of US $110 million, led by new investors Temasek, IDG Capital Partners and Eurazeo with existing investor Vitruvian Partners participating.

In June 2017, it was announced that JD.com Inc. had bought a stake in Farfetch for $397 million.

As of September 2014, "annual sales of merchandise through the Farfetch site…surpassed £167 million.

In March 2015, Farfetch gained a further US$86 million from an investment group led by DST.

In December 2018, Farfetch acquired online sneaker platform, Stadium Goods, for $250 million.

This boutique is run independently from Farfetch by a newly-appointed CEO Holli Rogers who joined the business in July 2015.

Farfetch is a perfume line from Belgium.


Diffusion is the net movement of anything (for example, atom, ions, molecules) from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration.

One common misconception is that individual atoms, ions or molecules move randomly, which they do not.

Basic models of diffusion | Jumps on the surface and in solids

Some of the places are free. The concentration of the free places is                         z

Diffusion in the context of different disciplines

However, in each case the object (for example, atom, idea) undergoing diffusion is "spreading out" from a point or location at which there is a higher concentration of that object.

i                                     {\displaystyle c_{i}}    (including free places) is constant, the density of adsorption places b.

Diffusion in physics | The theory of diffusion in gases based on Boltzmann's equation

For example, in the Earth's gravitational field, the heavier molecules should go down, or in electric field the charged molecules should move, until this effect is not equilibrated by the sum of other terms.

The surface is a lattice of the adsorption places.

Random walk (random motion) | Separation of diffusion from convection in gases

Therefore, some often cited examples of diffusion are wrong: If cologne is sprayed in one place, it can soon be smelled in the entire room, but a simple calculation shows that this can't be due to diffusion.

The central idea of diffusion, however, is common to all of these: an object (for example, atom, idea, etc.) undergoing diffusion spreads out from a point or location at which there is a higher concentration of that object.

Each reagent molecule fills a place on the surface.

An example of diffusion is atoms moving from a spot of elevated congregation to a lesser place of congregation.


Located in the City of Westminster, the palace is often at the centre of state occasions and royal hospitality.

After the destruction of the Palace of Westminster by fire in 1834, William considered converting the palace into the new Houses of Parliament.

History | First houses on the site | Buckingham House

The house which forms the architectural core of the palace was built for the first Duke of Buckingham and Normanby in 1703 to the design of William Winde.

William gave the site to Geoffrey de Mandeville, who bequeathed it to the monks of Westminster Abbey.

In 1531, Henry VIII acquired the Hospital of St James, which became St James's Palace, from Eton College, and in 1536 he took the Manor of Ebury from Westminster Abbey.

Buckingham House was eventually sold by Buckingham's illegitimate son, Sir Charles Sheffield, in 1761 to George III for £21,000.

While St James's Palace remained the official and ceremonial royal residence, the name "Buckingham-palace" was used from at least 1791.After his accession to the throne in 1820, King George IV continued the renovation with the idea in mind of a small, comfortable home.

Buckingham Palace (UK: ) is the London residence and administrative headquarters of the monarch of the United Kingdom.

Buckingham Palace became the London residence of the British monarch on the accession of Queen Victoria in 1837.

Modern history | 21st century: Royal use and public access

The forecourt of Buckingham Palace is used for the Changing of the Guard, a major ceremony and tourist attraction (

Buckingham Palace is in Westminster.


It is an epic about the American home front during World War II that was adapted and produced by David O. Selznick from the 1943 novel Since You Went Away: Letters to a Soldier from His Wife by Margaret Buell Wilder.

Anne's beloved husband Tim Hilton has volunteered for U.S. Army service in World War II.

Jane is determined to do more for the war effort and begins volunteering as a nurse's aide at the nearby military hospital, where returning veterans with physical and mental injuries are sent to recover.

The film is set in a mid-sized American town, where people with loved ones in the Armed Forces try to cope with their changed circumstances and make their own contributions to the war effort.

The film is recognized by American Film Institute in these lists:  2006: AFI's 100 Years... 100 Cheers – Nominated

Robert Walker is uncommonly appealing as the young soldier whom she tragically adores, and Shirley Temple, now grown to "teen-age freshness", is pert as the young sister.

Tony returns on leave and talks to Anne about his feelings for her, but she believes that he only keeps her as a romantic ideal because she is married to his friend Tim and therefore unattainable.

Anne has just returned from seeing her husband off to Camp Claiborne, and she and her daughters must adjust to Tim's absence and make other sacrifices for the war effort, including food rationing; planting a victory garden; giving up the services of their loyal maid Fidelia who nevertheless offers to continue working part-time for the Hiltons while foregoing wages; and taking in a boarder, the curmudgeonly retired Colonel Smollett.

The farewell scene between Jones and Walker at the railway station was parodied in the 1980 film Airplane!

They divorced not long after the film was completed, and Jones later married Selznick after this affair ended his marriage to Irene Mayer Selznick.

Since You Went Away is a 1944 American drama film directed by John Cromwell for Selznick International Pictures and distributed by United Artists.

This film is about a soldier returning to America after the Vietnam War.


The war, considered a Cold War-era proxy war by some, lasted 19 years, with direct U.S. involvement ending in 1973, and included the Laotian Civil War and the Cambodian Civil War, which ended with all three countries becoming communist in 1975.

Johnson's escalation, 1963–1969 | American ground war

As one observer noted "we were not in Vietnam for 10 years, but for one year 10 times." As a result, training programs were shortened.

Vietnamization, 1969–1972 | Collapsing U.S. morale

Open refusal to engage in patrols or carry out orders and disobedience began to emerge during this period, with one notable case of an entire company refusing orders to engage or carry out operations.

Meanwhile, the one-year tour of duty of American soldiers deprived units of experienced leadership.

Vietnamization, 1969–1972 | Easter Offensive and Paris Peace Accords, 1972

There was a sixty-day period for the total withdrawal of U.S. forces. " This article", noted Peter Church, "proved… to be the only one of the Paris Agreements which was fully carried out.

Involvement of other countries | Pro-Saigon | South Korea

Approximately 320,000 South Korean soldiers were sent to Vietnam, each serving a one-year tour of duty.

Aftermath | Effect on the United States | Cost of the war

As of 2013, the U.S. government is paying Vietnam veterans and their families or survivors more than $22 billion a year in war-related claims.

Aftermath | Effect on the United States | Views on the war

When surveyed in 2000, one third of Americans believed that the war was a noble cause.

Aftermath | Effects of U.S. chemical defoliation

There is substantial evidence that the birth defects carry on for three generations or more.

The Vietnam War POW/MIA issue, concerning the fate of U.S. service personnel listed as missing in action, persisted for many years after the war's conclusion.

The Vietnam War carried on for 19 years.


Monuments to foreign kings were erected, notably those of the Attalid kings of Pergamon Attalos II (in front of the NW corner of the Parthenon), and Eumenes II, in front of the Propylaia.

The Acropolis of Athens is an ancient citadel located on a rocky outcrop above the city of Athens and contains the remains of several ancient buildings of great architectural and historic significance, the most famous being the Parthenon.

The Votive Statues of the Athenian Acropolis.

History | Byzantine, Latin and Ottoman period

The dominant feature during the Ottoman period was a mosque inside the Parthenon, complete with a minaret.

The Acropolis was besieged thrice during the Greek War of Independence (two sieges from the Greeks in 1821–1822 and one from the Ottomans in 1826–1827.

There, a new robe of woven wool (peplos) was placed on either the statue of Athena Polias in the Erechtheum (during the annual Lesser Panathenaea) or on the statue of Athena Parthenos in the Parthenon (during the Great Panathenaea, held every four years).Within the later tradition of Western Civilization and classical revival, the Acropolis, from at least the mid-18th century on, has often been invoked as a key symbol of the Greek legacy and of the glories of Classical Greece.

The Parthenon, which was being used as a gunpowder magazine, was hit by artillery shot and damaged severely.

History | The Periclean building program

According to Pausanias, a wooden statue or xoanon of the goddess and a statue of Artemis made by Praxiteles during the 4th century BC were both in the sanctuary.

Old Temple of Athena Erechtheum Statue of Athena Promachos

The word  acropolis is from the Greek words ἄκρον (akron, "highest point, extremity") and πόλις (polis, "city").

the significance of the Acropolis of Athens is such that it is commonly known as "The Acropolis" without qualification.

Statues of people or gods who are not Greek were not allowed to be displayed inside the Acropolis of Athens.


The Suez Canal (Arabic: قناة السويس qanāt as-suwēs) is an artificial sea-level waterway in Egypt, connecting the Mediterranean Sea to the Red Sea through the Isthmus of Suez.

Precursors | Canals dug by Necho, Darius I and Ptolemy

It may be that by Darius's time a natural waterway passage which had existed between the Heroopolite Gulf and the Red Sea in the vicinity of the Egyptian town of Shaluf (alt.

This provided less natural dilution of Mediterranean salinity and ended the higher levels of natural turbidity, additionally making conditions more like those in the Red Sea.

Precursors | Napoleon's discovery of an ancient canal

But the plan was abandoned because it wrongly concluded that the waterway would require locks to operate.

Venetian leaders, driven to desperation, contemplated digging a waterway between the Red Sea and the Nile—anticipating the Suez Canal by almost 400 years—to bring the luxury trade flooding to their doors again.

During the French campaign in Egypt and Syria in late 1798, Napoleon showed an interest in finding the remnants of an ancient waterway passage.

While providing for increased human development, the project reduced the inflow of freshwater and ended all natural nutrient-rich silt entering the eastern Mediterranean at the Nile Delta.

In 2012, 17,225 vessels traversed the canal (an average of 47 per day).The original canal featured a single-lane waterway with passing locations in the Ballah Bypass and the Great Bitter Lake.

Precursors | Receding Red Sea and the dwindling Nile

Two hundred years after the construction of Ptolemy's canal, Cleopatra seems to have had no west–east waterway passage, because the Pelusiac branch of the Nile, which fed Ptolemy's west–east canal, had by that time dwindled, being choked with silt.

The Suez Canal Economic Zone, sometimes shortened to the Suez Canal Zone, describes the set of locations neighbouring the canal where customs rates have been reduced to zero in order to attract investment.

Suez Canal is a natural waterway.


Dog Day Afternoon is a 1975 American biographical neo-noir crime drama film directed by Sidney Lumet, written by Frank Pierson, and produced by Martin Bregman and Martin Elfand.

The real-life Wojtowicz was paid $7,500 ($38,900 today) plus 1% of the film's net profit for the rights to his story, from which he gave to Eden enough to pay for her sexual reassignment surgery.

The film is based on the story of John Wojtowicz.

Wojtowicz wrote a letter to The New York Times in 1975 claiming that the events of the film were "only 30% true.

with". P.F. Kluge, coauthor of the Life magazine article that inspired the film, believed the filmmakers "stayed with the surface of a lively journalistic story" and that the film had a "strong, fast-paced story" without "reflection" or "a contemplative view of life".

Roger Ebert called Sonny "one of the most interesting modern movie characters" and gave the movie three-and-a-half stars out of four.

He would later add this film to his list of The Great Movies.

In 2012, the Motion Picture Editors Guild listed the film as the 20th-best edited film of all time based on a survey of its membership.

It was nominated for AFI's 100 Years... 100 Movies in 1998 and 2007.

Although Dog Day Afternoon was released nationally in 1975, it is based on events that took place in Brooklyn three years earlier, in August 1972.

Attica!" placed at #86 on AFI's 100 Years... 100 Movie Quotes.

The movie is a based off of a true story.


The book is narrated by 15 different characters over 59 chapters.

As I Lay Dying is a 1930 Southern Gothic novel by American author William Faulkner.

Throughout the novel, Faulkner presents 15 different points of view, each chapter narrated by one character, including Addie, who expresses her thoughts after she has already died.

Darl is the most articulate character in the book; he narrates 19 of the 59 chapters.

As I Lay Dying derived its name from this novel.

The title derives from Book XI of Homer's Odyssey (William Marris's 1925 translation) , wherein Agamemnon tells Odysseus: "As I lay dying, the woman with the dog's eyes would not close my eyes as I descended into Hades." The novel utilizes stream of consciousness writing technique, multiple narrators, and varying chapter lengths.

In 59 chapters titled only by their narrators' names, the characters are developed gradually through each other's perceptions and opinions, with Darl's predominating.

Faulkner said that he wrote the novel from midnight to 4:00 a.m. over the course of six weeks and that he did not change a word of it.

As I Lay Dying is consistently ranked among the best novels of 20th-century literature.

Peabody – Peabody is the Bundrens' doctor; he narrates two chapters of the book.

As I Lay Dying is a 1930 Southern Gothic novel by American author William Faulkner which is narrated by 15 different characters over 59 chapters.


Christ the Redeemer (Portuguese: Cristo Redentor, standard Brazilian Portuguese: [ˈkɾistu ʁedenˈtoʁ], local pronunciation: [ˈkɾiɕtŭ̻ xe̞denˈtoɦ]) is an Art Deco statue of Jesus Christ in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, created by French sculptor Paul Landowski and built by Brazilian engineer Heitor da Silva Costa, in collaboration with French engineer Albert Caquot.

Local engineer Heitor da Silva Costa designed the statue.

Christ the Redeemer in Rio Verde, Goiás, Brazil Christ in the Mount in Pitangui, Minas Gerais, Brazil

Cristo del Otero in Palencia , Spain built in 1930 (21 m) Cristo Rey (statue, Mexico) located on the Cerro del Cubilete in Guanajuato, Mexico, inspired by Rio's Christ the Redeemer (23 m) Cristo Rey in Tenancingo, México, México (30 m) Christ Blessing in Manado, North Sulawesi, Indonesia (30 m) Christ of Havana in Havana, Cuba, inspired by Christ the Redeemer (20 m) Christ of the Abyss in various underwater locations

Christ of the Ozarks in Arkansas, United States, inspired by Rio's Christ the Redeemer (20 m) Christ of Vũng Tàu in Vietnam (32 m) Christ the King in Świebodzin, Poland (33 m) Christ of the Ozarks in Arkansas, United States, inspired by Rio's Christ the Redeemer (20 m) Christ of Vũng Tàu in Vietnam (32 m) Christ the King in Świebodzin, Poland (33 m) Christ the Redeemer of the Andes (Argentina/Chile) Christ the Sacred Heart of Jesus, Ibiza, Spain, inspired by Christ the Redeemer (23 m) Cristo Blanco in Cusco, Peru

The statue of Christ the Redeemer with open arms, a symbol of peace, was chosen.

The King Lebanon Another imitation statue of Christ the Redeemer is at Nellore, Andhra Pradesh, India.(Shrish Patil) imitation at Kovalam, near Trivandrum, Kerala, India.

The lightning rods located in the statue's head and arms were also repaired, and new lighting fixtures were installed at the foot of the statue.

Christ the Redeemer of Malacca is on the Portuguese Settlement Square in Melaka, Malaysia (20' tall) Cristo Rey in Colombia (26 m) Cristo Rey by Urbici Soler in Sunland Park, New Mexico - (8.83 M) Cristo Redentor (

Cristo de la Concordia in Cochabamba, Bolivia (34 m) Cristo de las Noas in Torreón, Mexico (22 m) Cristo del Pacífico in Lima, Peru, erected in 2011 (37 m) Patung Yesus Kristus in Mansinam Island, West Papua, Indonesia (30 m) Cristo Redentore (Christ the Redeemer) of Maratea, Italy (21 m) Cristo Rei (Christ the King) in Almada, Portugal (28 m) Cristo Rei of Dili in Dili, Timor-Leste (27 m) Cristo Rei, Madeira on Madeira island, completed in 1927 (15 m) Cristo Rei in Lubango, Angola (14 m) Statue of Cristo Luz in Balneário Camboriú, Santa Catarina, Brazil

Heitor da Silva Costa depicted Christ the Redeemer which is located in Brazil.


Nick and Nora have no children but they own a female Schnauzer named Asta. (In the film adaptation, Asta is a male wire-haired fox terrier.) Charles is drawn, mostly against his will, into investigating a murder.

The main characters are a former private detective, Nick Charles and Nora, his clever young wife.

Nick, son of a Greek immigrant, has given up his career since marrying Nora, a wealthy socialite

As they attempt to solve the case, Nick and Nora share a great deal of banter and witty dialogue, along with copious amounts of alcohol.

Nick and Nora have a dog.


Arthropod exoskeletons are made of cuticle, a non-cellular material secreted by the epidermis.

An arthropod (, from Greek ἄρθρον arthron, "joint" and πούς pous, "foot" (gen. ποδός)) is an invertebrate animal having an exoskeleton, a segmented body, and paired jointed appendages.

Two recent hypotheses about the evolution of biomineralization in arthropods and other groups of animals propose that it provides tougher defensive armor, and that it allows animals to grow larger and stronger by providing more rigid skeletons; and in either case a mineral-organic composite exoskeleton is cheaper to build than an all-organic one of comparable strength.

The exoskeletons of most aquatic crustaceans are biomineralized with calcium carbonate extracted from the water.

Although all arthropods use muscles attached to the inside of the exoskeleton to flex their limbs, some still use hydraulic pressure to extend them, a system inherited from their pre-arthropod ancestors; for example, all spiders extend their legs hydraulically and can generate pressures up to eight times their resting level.

Arthropods therefore replace their exoskeletons by undergoing ecdysis (moulting), or shedding the old exoskeleton after growing a new one that is not yet hardened.

The intentional cultivation of arthropods and other small animals for human food, referred to as minilivestock, is now emerging in animal husbandry as an ecologically sound concept.

It has been proposed that the Ediacaran animals Parvancorina and Spriggina, from around 555 million years ago, were arthropods.

A study in 1992 estimated that there were 500,000 species of animals and plants in Costa Rica alone, of which 365,000 were arthropods.

After moulting, i.e. shedding their exoskeleton, the juvenile arthropods continue in their life cycle until they either pupate or moult again.

An arthropod is an animal with no exoskeleton.


Norway remained neutral until April 1940 when the country was invaded and occupied by Germany until the end of Second World War.

Throughout the First World War, Norway was in principle a neutral country.

In 1397, under Margaret I, the Kalmar Union was created between the three Scandinavian countries.

Norway was neutral during the First World War.

Thus at an all-Scandinavian meeting held at Kalmar, Erik of Pomerania was crowned king of all three Scandinavian countries.

Norway also proclaimed its neutrality during the Second World War, but despite this, it was invaded by German forces on 9 April 1940.

All three languages are to a degree mutually intelligible and can be, and commonly are, employed in communication among inhabitants of the Scandinavian countries.

hence Norway's description as the "Land of the Midnight sun"), and the rest of the country experiences up to 20 hours of daylight per day.

From the 1040s to 1130, the country was at peace.

Politics and government | Foreign relations

Norway maintains embassies in 82 countries.

The country of Norway is a Scandinavian country that was neutral up to the Vietnam War.


George Herbert Walker Bush (June 12, 1924 – November 30, 2018) was an American politician, diplomat, and businessman who served as the 41st president of the United States from 1989 to 1993.

George Herbert Walker Bush was born in Milton, Massachusetts on June 12, 1924.

With support from Mallon and Bush's uncle, George Herbert Walker Jr., Bush and John Overbey launched the Bush-Overbey Oil Development Company in 1951.

His paternal grandfather, Samuel P. Bush, worked as an executive for a railroad parts company in Columbus, Ohio, and his maternal grandfather, George Herbert Walker, led

He was the second son of Prescott Bush and Dorothy (Walker) Bush.

Vice presidency (1981–1989) | 1988 presidential election

With help from Governor John H. Sununu and an effective campaign attacking Dole for raising taxes, Bush overcame an initial polling deficit and won New Hampshire with 39 percent of the vote.

Post-presidency (1993–2018) | Appearances

Portions of his letters and his diary were later published as The China Diary of George H. W. Bush and All The Best, George Bush.

Post-presidency (1993–2018) | Final years

Neither George H.W. nor George W. Bush endorsed the eventual Republican nominee, Donald Trump; all three Bushes emerged as frequent critics of Trump's policies and speaking style, while Trump frequently criticized George W. Bush's presidency.

Through previous administrations, the elder Bush had ubiquitously been known as "George Bush" or "President Bush", but following his son's election the need to distinguish between them has made retronymic forms such as "George H. W. Bush" and "George Bush Sr." and colloquialisms such as "Bush 41" and "Bush the Elder" more common.

In his retirement, Bush generally avoided publicly expressing his opinion on political issues, instead using the public spotlight to support various charities.

George Herbert Walker Bush was preceded by 39 U.S presidents.


The United States is the third most populous nation in the world, after China and India.

The United States is the world's third- or fourth-largest nation by total area (land and water), ranking behind Russia and Canada and nearly equal to China.

Measured by only land area, the United States is third in size behind Russia and China, just ahead of Canada.

The United States, with its large size and geographic variety, includes most climate types.

Estimates for the year 2018 show that 53 metropolitan areas have populations greater than one million.

Its population growth rate is positive at 0.7%, higher than that of many developed nations.

About 82% of Americans live in urban areas (including suburbs); about half of those reside in cities with populations over 50,000.

In 2018 the median age of the United States population was 38.1 years.

The ranking varies depending on how two territories disputed by China and India are counted, and how the total size of the United States is measured.

Approximately one-third of the adult population is obese and an additional third is overweight.

The United States is the third of many things like area size and population.


When the Baseball Hall of Fame held its first election in 1936, Wagner tied for second in the voting with Babe Ruth, trailing Cobb.

Hall of Fame Network: "Honus Wagner as Mona Lisa",

In 1936, the Baseball Hall of Fame inducted Wagner as one of the first five members.

Professional career | 1903 and 1909 World Series

The following spring, he refused to send his portrait to a "Hall of Fame" for batting champions, citing his play in the World Series.

Professional career | T206 Baseball card

Starting from January 1909, the ATC sought authorization from baseball players for inclusion in the T206 series, which featured 524 major league players, 76 of whom were later inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame.

Professional career | Louisville Colonels

I'm sitting on the bench the first day I reported, and along about the third inning an opposing batter smacks a line drive down the third-base line that looked like at least a sure double.

Visitors receive replicas of the famous card.

Professional career | Pittsburgh Pirates

In September 1905, Wagner signed a contract to produce the first bat with a player's signature, the Louisville Slugger, becoming the first sportsperson to endorse a commercial product; the Honus Wagner was to become a best-seller for years.

Wagner's older brother, Albert "Butts" Wagner, who had a brief major league career himself, is often credited with getting Honus his first tryout.

He received the second-highest vote total, behind Ty Cobb's 222 and tied with Babe Ruth at 215.

Honus Wagner is an inductee to the first Baseball Hall of Fame class and was 2nd in ballots received.


He was the third of five sons of King Henry II of England and Duchess Eleanor of Aquitaine and seemed unlikely to become king, but all of his brothers except  the youngest, John, predeceased their father.

Early life and accession in Aquitaine | Childhood

Richard was born on 8 September 1157, probably at Beaumont Palace, in Oxford, England, son of King Henry II of England and Duchess Eleanor of Aquitaine.

opponent". Victorian England was divided on Richard: many admired him as a crusader and man of God, erecting an heroic statue to him outside the Houses of Parliament.

Guy was the widower of his father's cousin Sibylla of Jerusalem and was trying to retain the kingship of Jerusalem, despite his wife's death during the Siege of Acre the previous year.

Life after the Third Crusade | War against Philip of France

A naturally defensible position was identified perched high above the River Seine, an important transport route, in the manor of Andeli.

King and crusader | Coronation and anti-Jewish violence

Many Jewish homes were destroyed by arsonists, and several Jews were forcibly converted.

Early life and accession in Aquitaine | Final years of Henry II's reign

Richard the Lionheart's victory at Taillebourg deterred many barons from thinking of rebelling and forced them to declare their loyalty to him.

Richard is often depicted as having been the favourite son of his mother.

The marriage was celebrated with great pomp and splendour, many feasts and entertainments, and public parades and celebrations followed commemorating the event.

Richard, being ill with scurvy, left for England on October 9, 1192.

Richard I of England had many titles and was the only son if the previous king.


Knights of Labor (K of L), officially Noble and Holy Order of the Knights of Labor, was an American labor federation active in the late 19th century, especially the 1880s.

Remnants of the Knights of Labor continued in existence until 1949, when the group's last 50-member local dropped its affiliation.

In 1886, right after the peak of the Knights of Labor, they started to lose more members to the American Federation of Labor.

During the 1880s, the Knights of Labor played a huge role in independent and third-party movements.

About 50 African-American sugar-cane laborers organized by the Knights went on strike and were murdered by strikebreakers in the 1887 Thibodaux massacre in Louisiana.

By 1886, 20% of all workers were affiliated, nearly 800,000 members.

In Chicago, James and Emily Talmadge, printers and supporters of the Knights of Labor, published the songbook "Labor Songs Dedicated to the Knights of Labor" (1885).

Though often overlooked, the Knights of Labor contributed to the tradition of labor protest songs in America.

The Knights frequently included music in their regular meetings, and encouraged local members to write and perform their work.

The only woman to hold office in the Knights of Labor, Leonora Barry, worked as an investigator.

Knights of Labor was an American labor federation active in the late 19th century, especially the 1880s until 1949, when the group's last 50-member local dropped its affiliation.


King Solomon "Sol" White (June 12, 1868 – August 26, 1955) was an American professional baseball infielder, manager and executive, and one of the pioneers of the Negro leagues.

He brought along Rube Foster and a number of American black players, but the team lost five of its first six games, and White and most of his players were released.

The Giants were at first paid on a profit-sharing "cooperative plan," but in 1903 White reorganized the team and put all the players on salary.

An active sportswriter for many years, he wrote the first definitive history of black baseball in 1907.

In the off-season the Ohio State League renamed itself the Tri-State League and banned black players, including White.

Without a doubt this record will prove valuable in years to come." This second book on black baseball by Sol White never appeared.

"One of the Globes players got his finger smashed and since they all knew Sol, the captain pushed him into the game.

A small, 128-page, soft-covered pamphlet, History of Colored Base Ball was sold at Philadelphia Giants games in the spring of 1907.The first chapter, "Colored Base Ball," begins with the organization in 1885 of the first professional colored baseball team, discusses the brusque removal of all black players from predominantly white teams during the next four years, and then traces the growing strength of "colored base ball" into the early years of the 20th century.

White's History of Colored Base Ball was the first book devoted to black professional baseball, and it would remain the only one for more than 60 years, until Robert W. Peterson published Only the Ball Was White in 1970.

The next year, he joined the York Colored Monarchs of the Eastern Interstate League, a white-owned team that signed up most of the 1889 Cuban Giants.

Sol White's career as a baseball writer would continue with a series of articles on "colored baseball" in the Cleveland Advocate, a black newspaper, in 1919.

Sol White and the first black player to be signed to the MLB.


John Paul (he added "Jones" in later life to hide from law enforcement) was born on the estate of Arbigland near Kirkbean in the Stewartry of Kirkcudbright on the southwest coast of Scotland.

Led Zeppelin bassist/keyboardist John Paul Jones took his stage name from the title of this film.

The local governor encouraged John Paul to leave the area and change his name while on bail.

There is a long-held tradition in the state of North Carolina that John Paul adopted the name "Jones" in honor of Willie Jones of Halifax, North Carolina.

"Jones, John Paul". Encyclopædia Britannica.

John Paul Jones: A Sailor's Biography.

During his second voyage in 1770, John Paul had one of his crew flogged after trying to start a mutiny about early payment of wages, leading to accusations that his discipline was "unnecessarily cruel".

Leaving Scotland, John Paul commanded a London-registered vessel named Betsy, a West Indiaman mounting 22 guns, engaging in commercial speculation in Tobago for about 18 months.

-8160-2107-4. Sherburne, John H. The Life and Character of John Paul Jones.

About this time, John Paul assumed the surname of Jones (in addition to his original surname).

Willie Jones found John Paul and took him to his brother Allen's house.

John Paul Jones just tacked on the third bit of his name so the cops wouldn't find him.


Having sold 100 million records to date, Cher is one of the world's best-selling music artists.

Life and career | 1998–1999: Death of Sonny Bono, fourth musical comeback

The album's title track reached number one in more than 23 countries and sold over 10 million copies worldwide.

By the end of 1967, they had sold 40 million records worldwide and had become, according to Time magazine, rock's "it" couple.

Life and career | 1965–1967: Sonny and Cher's rise to pop stardom

By the end of 1967, they had sold 40 million records worldwide and had become, according to Time magazine's Ginia Bellafante, rock's "it" couple.

She has been a teenage pop star, a television hostess, a fashion magazine model, a rock star, a pop singer, a Broadway actress, an Academy Award-winning movie star, a disco sensation, and the subject of a mountain of press coverage." As a solo artist, Cher has sold 100 million records worldwide (in addition to 40 million as Sonny & Cher), making her one of the best-selling music artists of all time.

It also topped the Billboard Hot 100 chart for four weeks, selling over 1.8 million units in the US up until December 1999.

Life and career | 1962–1965: Solo career breakthrough

So we just turned our record over.

Life and career | 2000–2009: Touring success, retirement, Vegas residency

After leaving Warner UK in 2002, Cher signed a worldwide deal with the US division of Warner Bros. Records in September 2003.

Life and career | 2010–2017: Burlesque, return to music and touring

The tour's first leg, which included 49 sold-out shows in North America, grossed $54.9 million.

" Believe was certified quadruple platinum by the RIAA and went on to be certified gold or platinum in 39 countries, selling 10 million copies worldwide.

Cher has sold over 100 million records worldwide.


Jesse Joseph Haines (July 22, 1893 – August 5, 1978), nicknamed "Pop", was a right-handed pitcher in for the Cincinnati Reds and St. Louis Cardinals of Major League Baseball (MLB).

As his career went on, Haines became known as "Pop" because of the influence he exerted on younger teammates.

After the committee selected Haines, Frisch commented that Haines was "a worthy, worthy man... a great competitor, a fine fellow off and on the field." Sabermetrician Bill James has listed Haines as one of ten examples of Hall of Fame inductees who do not deserve the honor.

They had one child. Haines became a fixture in the Cardinals starting rotation in 1920.

Though he had a kind personality off the field, Haines was known as a fiery competitor during games.

Haines began to pitch fewer games in 1932.

Haines pitched on three World Series championship teams.

Haines wanted to play baseball for the local team in Phillipsburg.

Haines worked on the coaching staff of the Brooklyn Dodgers in 1938.

During his minor league days, Haines married Carrie M. Weidner.

Haines earned the nickname Daddy on the field due to his strong and commanding demeanor.


Career | 2017: International expansion and collaborations

That same month, Guinness World Records revealed that BTS had earned a spot in their 2018 edition for "having the world's most Twitter engagements for a music group".

Career | 2020: Map of the Soul: 7 and upcoming album

It garnered 756,000 concurrent viewers in 107 countries and territories, setting the record for the largest audience for a paid virtual concert.

BTS (Korean: 방탄소년단; RR: Bangtan Sonyeondan), also known as the Bangtan Boys, is a seven-member South Korean boy band who began formation in 2010 and debuted in 2013.

Career | 2014–2015: Moderate success and first concert tour

The album was supported by the singles "Boy in Luv" (Korean: 상남자; RR: Sang-namja) and "Just One Day" (Korean: 하루만; RR: Haruman), which peaked at number 45 and number 149 in Korea, respectively.

That July, BTS held their first concert in the United States in West Hollywood for free to an audience of 200 fans.

The group's name, BTS, stands for the Korean expression Bangtan Sonyeondan (Korean: 방탄소년단; Hanja: 防彈少年團), literally meaning "Bulletproof Boy Scouts".

During production of the album, BTS recorded their single "Danger" in a makeshift studio in a garage in Los Angeles.

Career | 2019: Map of the Soul: Persona, stadium world tour and BTS World

Their concerts at Rose Bowl had broken the record for highest-grossing single engagement in the venue's Boxscore history, surpassing Taylor Swift's and U2's previous dates there.

It was supported by two singles: "Danger" and "War of Hormone" (Korean: 호르몬 전쟁; RR: Horeumon Jeonjaeng), which peaked at number 58 and number 173 in Korea, respectively.

According to album distributor Dreamus, the stock pre-orders of the album reached a record-breaking 4.02 million, surpassing their previous record of 2.68 million with Map of the Soul: Persona. " Black Swan" debuted at number 57 on the Billboard Hot 100 and number 46 on the UK Official Singles Chart.

I: BTS Begins, in March to a crowd of 6,500 fans.

The Bangtan Boys are the record holders for the largest number of female fans attending a single concert.


One of Iran's most popular desserts is the falude, consisting of vermicelli in a rose water syrup, which has its roots in the fourth century BC.

Iranian cuisine includes a wide range of main dishes, including various types of kebab, pilaf, stew (khoresh), soup and āsh, and omelette.

There is also the popular saffron ice cream, known as bastani sonnati ("traditional ice cream"), which is sometimes accompanied with carrot juice.

As with the spoken languages, the ethnic group composition also remains a point of debate, mainly regarding the largest and second largest ethnic groups, the Persians and Azerbaijanis, due to the lack of Iranian state censuses based on ethnicity.

However, many estimates regarding the number of these two groups differ significantly from the mentioned census; some place the number of ethnic Azerbaijanis in Iran between 21.6–30% of the total population, with the majority holding it on 25%.cd

Qashqai and Turkmens), and non-Iranian, non-Turkic groups (incl.

Peoples of other ethno-linguistic groups make up the remaining 21%, with Azerbaijanis constituting 16%, Arabs 2%, Turkmens and other Turkic tribes 2%, and others (such as Armenians, Talysh, Georgians, Circassians, Assyrians) 1%.The Library of Congress issued slightly different estimates: 65% Persians (including Mazenderanis, Gilaks, and the Talysh), 16% Azerbaijanis, 7% Kurds, 6% Lurs, 2% Baloch, 1% Turkic tribal groups (incl.

It determined that Persian is the first language of at least 65% of the country's population, and is the second language for most of the remaining 35%.Other nongovernmental estimates regarding the groups other than Persians and Azerbaijanis are roughly congruent with the World Factbook and the Library of Congress.

The CIA's World Factbook has estimated that around 79% of the population of Iran are a diverse Indo-European ethno-linguistic group that comprise speakers of various Iranian languages, with Persians (including Mazenderanis and Gilaks) constituting 61% of the population, Kurds 10%, Lurs 6%, and Balochs 2%.

Historically a multi-ethnic country, Iran remains a pluralistic society comprising numerous ethnic, linguistic, and religious groups,

Kebab, pilaf, soups and falude and saffron ice cream for dessert are a few staples within the ethnic groups.


In 2002, six-year-old Mason Evans Jr. and his older sister Samantha live with their divorced mother, Olivia, in a small town in Texas.

Boyhood premiered at the 2014 Sundance Film Festival and was released theatrically on July 11, 2014.

Director Christopher Nolan named Boyhood as his favorite film of 2014, calling it "extraordinary".

Peter Travers of Rolling Stone also named Boyhood the best movie of the year, calling it the year's "biggest emotional powerhouse".

A. O. Scott, also writing for The New York Times, called Boyhood the best film of 2014, saying that he could not think of any film that had affected him the way Boyhood had in his 15 years as a professional film critic.

For people who like the movie, I think there will be a lot of cool little treasures.

Boyhood is a 2014 American coming-of-age drama film written and directed by Richard Linklater, and starring Patricia Arquette, Ellar Coltrane, Lorelei Linklater, and Ethan Hawke.

Both Metacritic and Rotten Tomatoes listed Boyhood as the best-reviewed film of 2014.Boyhood appeared on more critics' annual "best-of" lists in 2014 than any other film, including the most first-place votes.

Boyhood premiered theatrically on July 11, 2014, in a limited release in four theaters in North America and grossed $387,618, with an average of $77,524 per theater, ranking number 19 at the box office.

So what does it mean when “ordinary” in 2014 still passes as the white experience?

According to Hawke, the discussion about the possibility of additional Star Wars films is "the only honest-to-god improvised moment in the movie".

The 2014 movie Boyhood is set in rural Virginia.


She supports and promotes Get A-Head Charitable Trust, which aims to improve the quality of life for people with head and neck diseases.

Now it doesn't mean anything.

Life and career | 2018–present: Return to film, Dancing Queen, upcoming projects

Proceeds from the single were donated to UNICEF following the COVID-19 pandemic.

Alexander Fury of The Independent lauded Cher as "the ultimate fashion icon" and traced her influence among female celebrities such as Beyoncé, Jennifer Lopez, and Kim Kardashian, stating that "[t]hey all graduated from the Cher school of never sharing the stage, with anyone, or anything ... They're trying to share the spotlight, to have Cher's success." Cher has attracted media attention for her physical appearance—particularly her youthful looks and her tattoos.

Cher (; born Cherilyn Sarkisian; May 20, 1946) is an American singer, actress and television personality.

In 2016, after the discovery of lead contamination in the drinking water of Flint, Michigan, Cher donated more than 180,000 bottles of water to the city as part of a partnership with Icelandic Glacial.

Life and career | 1992–1997: Health and professional struggles, directing debut

Alongside Chrissie Hynde, Neneh Cherry, and Eric Clapton, she topped the UK Singles Chart in 1995 with the charity single "Love Can Build a Bridge".

In 1996, she hosted the American Foundation for AIDS Research (amfAR) Benefit alongside Elizabeth Taylor at the Cannes Film Festival.

She became a television personality in the 1970s with her shows The Sonny & Cher Comedy Hour, watched by over 30 million viewers weekly during its three-year run, and Cher.

Cher is a donor, fundraiser, and international spokesperson for Keep a Child Alive, an organization that seeks to accelerate action to combat the AIDS pandemic, including the provision of antiretroviral medicine to children and their families with HIV/AIDS.

She had also been selected for the honour as a solo artist in 1983, but forfeited her opportunity by declining to schedule the mandatory personal appearance.

Cher doesn't specifically donate to any charities that aid only persons with physical cranium disorders.


Family and early life | Cincinnati law practice and marriage

Hayes also defended slaves who had escaped and been accused under the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850.

Election of 1876 | Disputed electoral votes

Hayes appeared to have 166, with the 19 votes of Florida, Louisiana, and South Carolina still in doubt.

Presidency (1877–1881) | The South and the end of Reconstruction

Other paramilitary groups, such as the Red Shirts in the Carolinas, however, had intimidated freedmen and suppressed the vote.

Family and early life | Childhood and family history

Rutherford Birchard Hayes was born in Delaware, Ohio, on October 4, 1822, to Rutherford Hayes, Jr. and Sophia Birchard.

On April 3, Hayes ordered Secretary of War George W. McCrary to withdraw federal troops stationed at the South Carolina State House to their barracks.

As Cincinnati was just across the Ohio River from Kentucky, a slave state, it was a destination for escaping slaves and many such cases were tried in its courts.

Hayes had firmly supported Republican Reconstruction policies throughout his career, but the first major act of his presidency was an end to Reconstruction and the return of the South to "home rule".

Hayes tried to reconcile the social mores of the South with the recently passed civil rights laws by distributing patronage among southern Democrats.

Hayes was elected a member of the American Antiquarian Society in 1890.Rutherford B. Hayes High School in Hayes's hometown of Delaware, Ohio, was named in his honor.

" All his efforts were in vain; Hayes failed to persuade the South to accept legal racial equality or to convince Congress to appropriate funds to enforce the civil rights laws.

Rutherford B. Hayes was the 20th president and a slave owner from South Carolina.


Farfetch has offices in 11 cities and employs over 3,000 staff.

Farfetch is an online luxury fashion retail platform that sells products from over 700 boutiques and brands from around the world.

Immediately following the purchase, Farfetch's shares plunged by over 40 percent.

Farfetch achieves approximately 10 million site visits per month and ships to customers in almost 190 countries.

Farfetch was founded in 2007 by José Neves, a Portuguese entrepreneur who has been active in the world of fashion start-ups since the 1990s, when he launched the shoe design business SWEAR.

Former investors also contributed to this Series E funding round, which took the total investment pot to over US$195 million.

" The business continues to grow, and in 2013, it retailed products from over 1500 global fashion brands, attracting 4.3 million weekly visitors to the site.

In September 2018, Farfetch (FTCH.N) listed on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE), pricing shares above the estimated targeted range leading to a valuation of over $5.8 billion.

Farfetch's employees are located in over 10 locations around the world.


In 1917, following another retirement, Wagner returned for his final, abbreviated season.

Wagner has been considered one of the very best all-around players to ever play baseball since the day he retired in 1917.

Professional career | Life after baseball

Wagner was not finished playing baseball after his retirement from major league baseball.

Professional career | Pittsburgh Pirates

Wagner was offered a $20,000 contract by the Chicago White Sox, but turned it down and continued to play with the Pirates.

Johannes Peter "Honus" Wagner (; February 24, 1874 – December 6, 1955), sometimes referred to as "Hans" Wagner, was an American baseball shortstop who played 21 seasons in Major League Baseball from 1897 to 1917, almost entirely for the Pittsburgh Pirates.

His assistant has to point out that they are not only retired, but long-dead ... Anson having played in the late 19th century.

Professional career | T206 Baseball card

While sources allege that Wagner, a nonsmoker, refused to allow production of his baseball card to continue, the more likely reason was sum the ATC was willing to pay Wagner.

Professional career | Career before Major League Baseball

In 1896 Edward Barrow, from the Wheeling, West Virginia, team that Wagner was playing on, decided to take Honus with him to his next team, the Paterson Silk Sox (Atlantic League).

Professional career | 1903 and 1909 World Series

The Rooters, led by Boston bartender Michael "Nuf Ced" McGreevy, even travelled to Pittsburgh to continue their heckling.

During this time, he wore uniform number 14, but later changed it to his more famous 33, which was later the number retired for him. (His entire playing career was in the days before uniform numbers were worn.) His appearances at National League stadiums during his coaching years were always well received and Wagner remained a beloved ambassador of baseball.

Honus continued to play baseball after his retirement in 1917.


Bowie was born David Robert Jones on 8 January 1947 in Brixton, London.

In the United Kingdom, he was awarded 9 platinum, 11 gold, and 8 silver albums, and in the United States, 5 platinum and 9 gold.

Her paternal grandparents were Irish immigrants who had settled in Manchester.

Music career | 1972–1974: Ziggy Stardust

The Ziggy Stardust Tour continued to the United States.

Music career | 1999–2012: Neoclassicist era

Bowie and Iman's daughter was born on 15 August.

" Their son Duncan, born on 30 May 1971, was at first known as Zowie.

They had one daughter, Alexandria "Lexi" Zahra Jones, born in August 2000.

In October 1990, a decade after his divorce from Angie, Bowie and Somali-born supermodel Iman were introduced by a mutual friend.

Music career | 1974–1976: "Plastic soul" and the Thin White Duke

"Stay". The core band that coalesced to record this album and tour—rhythm guitarist Carlos Alomar, bassist George Murray, and drummer Dennis Davis—continued as a stable unit for the remainder of the 1970s.

It was announced on 31 January 2019 that musician and actor Johnny Flynn would be playing Bowie in an upcoming biopic titled Stardust which will be set around Bowie's first trip to the United States in 1971.

David Bowie was born in Manchester, United Kingdom.


Borodin was a promoter of education in Russia and founded the School of Medicine for Women in Saint Petersburg, where he taught until 1885.

Life and profession | Family and education

Eventually, he established medical courses for women (1872).

He began taking lessons in composition from Mily Balakirev during 1862.

The Borodin Quartet was named in his honour.

In his book Burning in Water, Drowning in Flame (1974) Charles Bukowski wrote a poem about the life of Borodin entitled "The Life of Borodin".

Life and profession | Musical avocation | Opera and orchestral works

Borodin met Mily Balakirev during 1862.

Life and profession | Career as a chemist

Between 1859 and 1862 Borodin had a postdoctoral position in Heidelberg.

Borodin left the opera (and a few other works) incomplete at his death.

In 1954, Borodin was posthumously awarded a Tony Award for this show.

The asteroid previously known by its provisional designation 1990 ES3 was assigned the permanent name (6780) The asteroid previously known by its provisional designation 1990 ES3 was assigned the permanent name (6780) Borodin, in honor of Alexander Borodin. (6780) Borodin is a main-belt asteroid with an estimated diameter of 4 km and an orbital period of 3.37 years.

Despite this, Alexander was never publicly recognized by his mother, who was referred to by young Borodin as his "aunt".

Music remained a secondary vocation for Borodin besides his main career as a chemist and physician.

Alexsandr Borodin believed that a woman's place was in the kitchen, taking care of her man.


Johansson began a relationship with Canadian actor Ryan Reynolds in 2007; they became engaged in May 2008, married in September 2008, separated in December 2010 and divorced in July 2011.In November 2012, Johansson started dating Frenchman Romain Dauriac, the owner of an advertising agency; they became engaged the following September.

She was married to Canadian actor Ryan Reynolds from 2008 to 2011, and to French businessman Romain Dauriac, with whom she has a child, from 2014 to 2017.

Johansson and Dauriac married that October in Philipsburg, Montana.

Johansson said the photos had been sent to her then-husband, Reynolds, three years before the incident.

She was named GQ's Babe of the Year in 2010.

Johansson sang "One Whole Hour" for the 2011 soundtrack of the documentary film Wretches & Jabberers (2010).

Acting career | Films with Woody Allen (2005–2009)

Johansson played Nola, an aspiring actress who begins an affair with a married man (Jonathan Rhys Meyers) in Woody Allen's drama Match Point in 2005.

Acting career | Marvel Cinematic Universe and stage roles (2010–2013)

Johansson played Black Widow in Jon Favreau's Iron Man 2 (2010), a part of the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU).

She made her debut in a 2010 revival of Arthur Miller's drama A View from the Bridge.

She won the 2010 Tony Award for Best Performance by a Featured Actress in a Play.

Johansson married Reynolds in 2010.


Ott had originally been a catcher, but McGraw concluded that Ott was too small to be a major league catcher and converted him into an outfielder.

He used a batting style that was then considered unorthodox, lifting his forward (right) foot prior to impact.

More recent players who used a similar style include Harold Baines and Kirby Puckett, as well as the Japanese home run king, Sadaharu

Because of his power hitting, he was noted for reaching base via the base on balls (BB), or walk.

There may be reason to believe that he was a better hitter than his record suggests because of differences in National League and American League ball specifications.

He would never even approach that figure again, as baserunners quickly realized it was far too risky to run on balls hit in Ott's direction.

On the second day of the 1946 season, a day after hitting what would be his final career home run, he injured his knee while diving for a fly ball.

He was a master at playing balls that bounced off the fences at the Polo Grounds, allowing him to garner 26 assists in 1929, his first full season as a full-time player.

Ott was skeptical at first, so Williams bought Ott a train ticket to New York .Ott

The Mel Ott Little League began in 1959, named for Ott soon after his death.

Ott was also a skilled fielder.

Ott was used to receive the ball from pitcher but that position was denied to him due to his height.


Reception | Box office | Outside North America

Outside North America, On Stranger Tides is the sixth-highest-grossing film, the third-highest-grossing Disney film, the second-highest-grossing 2011 film and the highest-grossing film of the Pirates of the Caribbean series.

On Stranger Tides earned $241.1 million in the North America and $804.6 million in other countries for a worldwide total of $1.045 billion.

During its opening day (Wednesday, May 18, 2011), On Stranger Tides made $18.5 million from 10 territories.

I'm a fan of the first one especially

It is the highest-grossing Pirates film in at least 58 territories.

On its five-day opening weekend as a whole, it earned a then-record $260.4 million from 18,210 screens in more than 100 territories, in all which it reached first place at the box office.

On Stranger Tides broke many box office records and was the third highest-grossing film of 2011.

It has also sold 1.12 million DVD units ($19.32 million).

For the film's release in the United States, On Stranger Tides received a PG-13 rating by the Motion Picture Association of America for "intense sequences of action/adventure violence, some frightening images, sensuality and innuendo"; marking it the first Walt Disney Pictures film to be rated PG-13 for sexual content.

It sold 3.20 million Blu-ray units ($83.46 million) after 11 weeks.

On Stranger Tides, grossed more millions in the United States than internationally, especially in 10 territories.

Pirates of the Caribbean: On Stranger Tides