Jacob Ruppert Jr. (August 5, 1867 – January 13, 1939) was an American brewer, businessman, National Guard colonel and politician who served for four terms representing New York in the United States House of Representatives from 1899 to 1907.

Ruppert and Tillinghast L'Hommedieu Huston, a former United States Army engineer and colonel, purchased the Yankees from Farrell and Devery before the 1915 season for $480,000 ($12,131,053 in current dollar terms).

Nevertheless, they were personal friends; according to Ruth, Ruppert called him "Babe" only once, and that was the night before he died.

In 1929, Ruppert added numbers to the Yankees' uniforms, which became a feature of every team.

Ruppert, interested in baseball since his childhood, began to pursue ownership of a Major League Baseball team and attempted to purchase the New York Giants on numerous occasions.

His brother George, who served as the Yankees' vice president, declined to take over the team presidency, and instead recommended that general manager Ed Barrow be given control of the club.

This was managed by his heirs.

After the 1917 season, Ban Johnson, president of the AL, suggested that Ruppert hire St. Louis Cardinals manager Miller Huggins to take over the same position with the Yankees.

Huston, who was in Europe at the time that Ruppert was considering the appointment, disliked Huggins and wanted to hire the manager of the National League's crosstown Brooklyn Robins, Wilbert Robinson, his drinking buddy.

Ruppert's 24 years as a Yankee owner saw him build the team from near-moribund to a baseball powerhouse.

Ruppert was in army and a politician before he managed a baseball team.


In turn, he was ultimately assassinated by his own half brothers, Dingane and Mhlangana.

It was all the conspirators needed—they being Shaka's half-brothers, Dingane and Mhlangana, and an iNduna called Mbopa.

Dingane and Mhlangana, Shaka's half-brothers, appear to have made at least two attempts to assassinate Shaka before they succeeded, with perhaps support from Mpondo elements and some disaffected iziYendane people.

Shaka's half-brother Dingane assumed power and embarked on an extensive purge of pro-Shaka elements and chieftains, running over several years, in order to secure his position.

A diversion was created by Mbopa, and Dingane and Mhlangana struck the fatal blows.

Dingane ruled for some twelve years, during which time he fought, disastrously, against the Voortrekkers, and against another half-brother, Mpande, who, with Boer and British support, took over the Zulu leadership in 1840, ruling for some 30 years.

When Senzangakhona (Shaka's father) died in 1816, Shaka's younger half-brother Sigujana assumed power as the legitimate heir to the Zulu chiefdom.

Shaka's corpse was dumped by his assassins in an empty grain pit, which was then filled with stones and mud.

The Zulu monarch was killed by three assassins sometime in 1828; September is the most frequently cited date, when almost all available

Loyalty was also maintained through fear, as anyone who was suspected of rivaling Dingane was killed.

Shaka was assassinated by his own half brothers, Dingane and Mhlangana.


The Scarlet Letter: A Romance is a work of historical fiction by American author Nathaniel Hawthorne, published in 1850.

The Scarlet Letter was first published in the spring of 1850 by Ticknor & Fields, beginning Hawthorne's most lucrative period.

It was popular when first published and is considered a classic work today.

This is not true: Fields persuaded Hawthorne to publish The Scarlet Letter alone (along with the earlier-completed "Custom House" essay) but he had nothing to do with the length of the story.

In March 2015, Manga Classics Inc. published a manga adaptation of The Scarlet Letter, was adopted by Crystal S. Chan, art by Sunneko Lee.

It was long thought that Hawthorne originally planned The Scarlet Letter to be a shorter novelette, part of a collection named Old Time Legends, and that his publisher, James Thomas Fields, convinced him to expand the work to a full-length novel.

Hawthorne's wife Sophia later challenged Fields' claims a little inexactly: "he has made the absurd boast that he was the sole cause of the Scarlet Letter being published!" She noted that her husband's friend Edwin Percy Whipple, a critic, approached Fields to consider its publication.

It was published in 1849.


Widowed, Mary returned to Scotland, arriving in Leith on 19 August 1561.

Four years later, she married her half-cousin, Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley, and in June 1566 they had a son, James.

Childhood and early reign | Treaty of Greenwich

In May 1544, the English Earl of Hertford (later Duke of Somerset) raided Edinburgh, and the Scots took Mary to Dunkeld for safety.

Marriage to Lord Darnley | Murder of Darnley

A week later, Bothwell managed to convince more than two dozen lords and bishops to sign the Ainslie Tavern Bond, in which they agreed to support his aim to marry the queen.

She sent an ambassador, Thomas Randolph, to tell Mary that if she married an English nobleman, Elizabeth would "proceed to the inquisition of her right and title to be our next cousin and heir".

They married at Holyrood Palace on 29 July 1565, even though both were Catholic and a papal dispensation for the marriage of first cousins had not been obtained.

Childhood and early reign | Life in France

Twenty days later, she married the Dauphin at Notre Dame de Paris, and he became king consort of Scotland.

After an unsuccessful attempt to regain the throne, she fled southward seeking the protection of her first cousin once removed, Queen Elizabeth I of England.

Mary, Queen of Scots (8 December 1542 – 8 February 1587), also known as Mary Stuart or Mary I of Scotland, reigned over Scotland from 14 December 1542 to 24 July 1567.

King Henry II of France proposed to unite France and Scotland by marrying the young queen to his three-year-old son, the Dauphin Francis.

Mary, Queen of Scots, was a widow who later married her cousin.


There are also several streets and avenues bearing his name throughout Venezuela.

I think sometimes that you in the United States know more about Mr. Aparicio than many Venezuelans.

The full name of the stadium is Estadio Luis Aparicio El Grande (Luis Aparicio "the Great" Stadium) in honor to Luis Aparicio Ortega.

Also, the sports complex where the stadium is located is named Polideportivo Luis Aparicio Montiel.

His father, Luis Aparicio Sr., was a notable shortstop in Venezuela and owned a Winter League team with Aparicio's uncle, Ernesto Aparicio.

Aparicio was born in Maracaibo, Zulia State, Venezuela.

There is a stadium in Maracaibo, Venezuela, bearing his father's name.

The Chicago White Sox also retired Aparicio's uniform number 11 that year.

Vizquel said that wearing the number would preserve the name of a great Venezuelan shortstop.

In 2010, the White Sox gave number 11 to shortstop Omar Vizquel, with Aparicio's permission.

There are streets that have Luis Aparicio's name in the United States.


After all, fascism is really nationalism... I believe very strongly in fascism, people have always responded with greater efficiency under a regimental leadership." He was also quoted as saying: "Adolf Hitler was one of the first rock stars" and "You've got to have an extreme right front come up and sweep everything off its feet and tidy everything up.

Music career | 1974–1976: "Plastic soul" and the Thin White Duke

Discussing his flirtations with fascism in a 1980 interview with NME, Bowie explained that Los Angeles was "where it had all happened.

He later commented that the accompanying live album, David Live, ought to have been titled "David Bowie Is Alive and

"In the 1980s and 1990s, Bowie's public statements shifted sharply towards anti-racism and anti-fascism.

Bowie was born David Robert Jones on 8 January 1947 in Brixton, London.

He later blamed his pro-fascism comments and his behaviour during the period on his addictions and the character of the Thin White Duke.

An exhibition of Bowie artefacts, called David Bowie Is, was organised by the Victoria and Albert Museum in London, and shown there in 2013.

The album Tin Machine took a more direct stance against fascism and Neo-Nazism, and was criticised for being too preachy.

David Robert Jones (8 January 1947 – 10 January 2016), better known by his stage name David Bowie ( BOH-ee), was an English singer-songwriter and actor.

In May 2015, "Let's Dance" was announced to be reissued as a yellow vinyl single on 16 July 2015 in conjunction with the David Bowie

David Bowie unironically advocated for fascism.


Rutherford Birchard Hayes (October 4, 1822 – January 17, 1893) was the 19th president of the United States from 1877 to 1881, after serving in the U.S. House of Representatives and as governor of Ohio.

A lawyer and staunch abolitionist, he had defended refugee slaves in court proceedings during the antebellum years.

Family and early life | Cincinnati law practice and marriage

A staunch abolitionist, Hayes found his work on behalf of fugitive slaves personally gratifying as well as politically useful, as it raised his profile in the newly formed Republican Party.

Hayes also defended slaves who had escaped and been accused under the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850.

As Cincinnati was just across the Ohio River from Kentucky, a slave state, it was a destination for escaping slaves and many such cases were tried in its courts.

Presidency (1877–1881) | Great Railroad Strike

In his first year in office, Hayes was faced with the United States' largest labor uprising to date, the Great Railroad Strike of 1877.

Hayes courted his future wife, Lucy Webb, during his time there.

Presidency (1877–1881) | Currency debate

The second issue concerned United States Notes (commonly called greenbacks), a form of fiat currency first issued during the Civil War.

Hayes vetoed the bill, believing that the United States should not abrogate treaties without negotiation.

Presidency (1877–1881) | Judicial appointments

Woods served six years on the Court, ultimately proving a disappointment to Hayes as he interpreted the Constitution in a manner more similar to that of Southern Democrats than to Hayes's own preferences.

Rutherford B. Hayes was not only the 18th president of the United States, but also a lawyer and staunch abolitionist, he had defended refugee slaves in court proceedings during the antebellum years


The seventh and final novel, Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows, was published on 21 July 2007.

While all the readings were free, the donations from watchers combined came out to $10,200.

Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows, the last original novel in the series, begins directly after the events of the sixth book.

The trouble is that one Harry Potter novel every few years is not enough to reverse the decline in reading."Jennifer

In this book, a recurring theme throughout the series is emphasised – in every book there is a new Defence Against the Dark Arts teacher, none of whom lasts more than one school year.

Harry Potter is a series of fantasy novels written by British author J. K. Rowling.

Achievements | Awards, honours, and recognition

In November 2019, the BBC listed the Harry Potter series on its list of the 100 most influential novels.

" Updates then followed in her online diary chronicling the progress of Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows, with the release date of 21 July 2007.

In 2007, Rowling composed seven handwritten copies of The Tales of Beedle the Bard, a collection of fairy tales that is featured in the final novel, one of which was auctioned to raise money for the Children's High Level Group, a fund for mentally disabled children in poor countries.

It read: "J. K. Rowling finished writing Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows in this room (552) on 11 January 2007."Rowling herself has stated that the last chapter of the final book (in fact, the epilogue) was completed "in something like 1990".

Harry Potter is a series of novels and the last one came out in 2007.


Wagner dropped out of school at age 12 to help his father and brothers in the coal mines.

Professional career | Career before Major League Baseball

Honus' brother Albert "Butts" Wagner was considered the ballplayer of the family.

Albert suggested Honus in 1895 when his Inter-State League team was in need of help.

Nevertheless, he aged exceptionally well; the three highest OPS+ seasons by any shortstop aged 35 or older belong to Wagner, and even his age-41 season ranks 8th on the list.

Wagner's older brother, Albert "Butts" Wagner, who had a brief major league career himself, is often credited with getting Honus his first tryout.

Professional career | 1903 and 1909 World Series

Wagner recounted: "We had him out at second.

Following his brother, Wagner trained to be a barber before becoming successful in baseball.

In their free time, he and his brothers played sandlot baseball and developed their skills to such an extent that three of his brothers went on to become professionals as well.

The stadium serves as the home field for Carlynton High School varsity sports.

Wagner is honored in the form of a small stadium residing behind Carnegie Elementary School on Washington Avenue in Carnegie, Pennsylvania.

Honus Wagner dropped out of school at age 14 to help his father and brothers.


He also owned the New York Yankees of Major League Baseball from 1915 until his death in 1939.

Jacob Ruppert Jr. (August 5, 1867 – January 13, 1939) was an American brewer, businessman, National Guard colonel and politician who served for four terms representing New York in the United States House of Representatives from 1899 to 1907.

Ruppert grew up in the Jacob Ruppert Sr. House on Fifth Avenue.

Ruppert eventually organized opposition to Johnson among other AL owners.

Upon his father's death in 1915, Ruppert inherited the Jacob Ruppert Brewing Company and became the company's president.

Ruppert was born in New York City, the son of brewer Jacob Ruppert Sr., and his wife, the former Anna Gillig.

Jacob Jr. attended the Columbia Grammar School.

Ruppert's father, Jacob Sr., left behind an estate of $6,382,758 ($119,155,573 in current dollar terms) when he died in 1915, which Ruppert increased to $40 million by the time of his death in 1939.

Ruppert and Huston financed the project with $2.5 million of their own money ($38,185,885 in current dollar terms).In May 1922, Ruppert bought out Huston for $1.5 million ($22,508,789 in current dollar terms), and he became the sole owner.

Ruppert's 24 years as a Yankee owner saw him build the team from near-moribund to a baseball powerhouse.

However, Frank J. Farrell and William S. Devery, owners of the New York Yankees, were looking to sell their franchise.

Jacob Ruppert was a politician and owner of the Detroit Tigers.


Sir Ben Kingsley (born Krishna Pandit Bhanji; 31 December 1943) is an English actor.

Kingsley was born as Krishna Pandit Bhanji on 31 December 1943 in Snainton, North Riding of Yorkshire, the son of actress and model Anna Lyna Mary (née Goodman; 1914–2010) and doctor Rahimtulla Harji Bhanji (1914–1968).

Since then, Kingsley appears to have altered his stance; credits for his latest films refer to him as Ben Kingsley.

Kingsley studied at De La Salle College in Salford, which later became home to the Ben Kingsley Theatre.

Kingsley has since appeared in a variety of roles.

Kingsley is a Quaker. Kingsley was made a Knight Bachelor in the 2002 New Year Honours for services to the British film industry.

Kingsley grew up in Pendlebury, Lancashire.

Kingsley stated in 1994, "I'm not Jewish, and though there might be some Russian-Jewish heritage way back on my mother's side, the thread is so fine there's no real evidence." Kingsley has been married four times and has four children: Thomas Bhanji and artist Jasmin Bhanji, with actress Angela Morant, and Edmund Kingsley and Ferdinand Kingsley, both of whom became actors, with theatrical director Alison Sutcliffe.

In May 2010, Kingsley was awarded a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame.

Later, he was spotted by music producer and manager Dick James, who offered to mould Kingsley into a pop star, but Kingsley chose to join the Royal Shakespeare Company after an audition before Trevor Nunn.

Kingsley was appointed Knight Bachelor in 2002 for services to the British film industry.

In April 2013, Kingsley was honoured with the Fellowship Award at The Asian Awards in London.

Kingsley is Welsh, his parents are from England but he was raised in Wales.


First Lieutenant Sharon Lane was the only female military nurse to be killed by enemy gunfire during the war, on 8 June 1969.

Points he makes on the latter topic include: the higher proportion of combat casualties in Vietnam among African American servicemen than among American soldiers of other races, the shift toward and different attitudes of black military careerists versus black draftees, the discrimination encountered by black servicemen "on the battlefield in decorations, promotion and duty assignments" as well as their having to endure "the racial insults, cross-burnings and Confederate flags of their white comrades"—and

Estimates of the number of casualties vary, with one source suggesting up to 3.8 million violent war deaths in Vietnam for the period 1955 to 2002.

The experience of American military personnel of African ancestry during the Vietnam War had received significant attention.

Johnson's escalation, 1963–1969 | The 1964 Offensive

During this phase, the use of captured equipment decreased, while greater numbers of ammunition and supplies were required to maintain regular units.

A large number of war crimes took place during the Vietnam War.

Aftermath | Effect on the United States | Cost of the war

More than 3 million Americans served in the Vietnam War, some 1.5 million of whom actually saw combat in Vietnam.

A detailed demographic study calculated 791,000–1,141,000 war-related deaths during the war for all of Vietnam, for both military and civilians.

They faced a plethora of challenges, one of which was the relatively small number of female soldiers.

Civil rights leaders protested the disproportionate casualties and the overrepresentation in hazardous duty and combat roles experienced by African American servicemen, prompting reforms that were implemented beginning in 1967–68.

Other estimates point to higher figures of 313,000 casualties.

African American soldiers saw a greater number of casualties than their white counterparts during the Vietnam War.


Jesse Joseph Haines (July 22, 1893 – August 5, 1978), nicknamed "Pop", was a right-handed pitcher in for the Cincinnati Reds and St. Louis Cardinals of Major League Baseball (MLB).

Haines began to pitch fewer games in 1932.

After the committee selected Haines, Frisch commented that Haines was "a worthy, worthy man... a great competitor, a fine fellow off and on the field." Sabermetrician Bill James has listed Haines as one of ten examples of Hall of Fame inductees who do not deserve the honor.

Haines pitched on three World Series championship teams.

Haines wanted to play baseball for the local team in Phillipsburg.

Haines worked on the coaching staff of the Brooklyn Dodgers in 1938.

During his minor league days, Haines married Carrie M. Weidner.

They had one child. Haines became a fixture in the Cardinals starting rotation in 1920.

Though he had a kind personality off the field, Haines was known as a fiery competitor during games.

As his career went on, Haines became known as "Pop" because of the influence he exerted on younger teammates.

After retiring in 1937 with a 210–158 win-loss record, Haines was a coach with the Brooklyn Dodgers in 1938.

Haines was referred to as "Pappi".


The film is a fictionalized account about the Great Chicago Fire of 1871 and stars Alice Brady as Mrs. O'Leary, the owner of the cow which started the fire, and Tyrone Power and Don Ameche as her sons.

In Old Chicago is a 1938 American drama disaster film directed by Henry King.

Despite crediting the Chicago Historical Society for assistance with historical research, much of the film is fictionalized.

Some sources claim that MGM offered to loan both Harlow and Clark Gable to Fox for In Old Chicago if they reciprocated by loaning Shirley Temple to MGM for their upcoming production of The Wizard of Oz.

Belle and Dion are reconciled, and Mrs. O'Leary predicts that the city will be rebuilt and flourish after her son's sacrifice for its future.

The Mayor of Chicago in 1871 was Roswell B. Mason, not an O'Leary son.

The film was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Picture.

The film was released and restored to its full length on DVD in 2005.

In the years before the film was made it had been supplanted by the Levee, an area renowned for its corrupt politicians, known as the Gray Wolves, whose deeds resemble those of the characters in the film.

The O'Leary family are traveling to Chicago to start a new life when Patrick O'Leary tries to race a steam train in his wagon.

The film In Old Chicago is about a storm that destroys the city.


George Edward Waddell (October 13, 1876 – April 1, 1914) was an American southpaw pitcher in Major League Baseball (MLB).

Over a career spanning 13 years, he played for the Louisville Colonels, Pittsburgh Pirates, and Chicago Orphans in the National League, as well as the Philadelphia Athletics and St. Louis Browns in the American League.

May threatened to prosecute Rube for bigamy because she did not recognize the divorce granted Rube in St. Louis.

We got Rube out of there without delay.

After his major league career was over, Waddell pitched for parts of three more years in the minor leagues, including a 20-win season for the Minneapolis Millers in 1911.

On August 19, Waddell pitched the first game of a doubleheader for Milwaukee, winning in the 17th inning on his own triple.

Not much was known about these mental conditions, or their diagnoses, at the time.

He played with various football teams in his later years and had a brief stint as a goalkeeper in the St. Louis Soccer League.

That same year, while in Minneapolis, he was diagnosed with tuberculosis and moved to live with his sister in San Antonio, Texas.

Shortly after the 1902 baseball season, reports indicated Waddell would play for Connie Mack's Athletics football team.

On July 1, 1902, Waddell became the second pitcher to strike out three batters on nine pitches in the third inning of a 2–0 win over the Baltimore Orioles.

Rube Waddell, also known as Robert Waddell, played thirteen years in the MLB.


He had several sets of false teeth made which he wore during his presidency—none of which were made of wood, contrary to common lore.

Washington suffered frequently from severe tooth decay and ultimately lost all his teeth but one.

Early republic (1783–1789) | Constitutional Convention of 1787

Washington wrote Alexander Hamilton on July 10: "I almost despair of seeing a favorable issue to the proceedings of our convention and do therefore repent having had any agency in the business.

The Writings of George Washington from the Original Manuscript Sources, 1745–1799 (1931–1944) is a 39-volume set edited by John Clement Fitzpatrick, who was commissioned by the George Washington Bicentennial Commission.

Historical reputation and legacy | Memorials | Universities

Numerous universities, including George Washington University and Washington University in St. Louis, were named in honor of Washington.

Commander in chief (1775–1783) | Battle of Long Island

Howe, emboldened by his Long Island victory, dispatched Washington as "George Washington, Esq.", in futility to negotiate peace.

Colonial military career (1752–1758) | French and Indian War

In May, having set up a defensive position at Great Meadows, he learned that the French had made camp seven miles (11 km) away; he decided to take the offensive.

The outer vault has the sarcophagi of both George and Martha Washington; the inner vault has the remains of other Washington family members and relatives.

Historical reputation and legacy | Memorials | Currency and postage

George Washington appears on contemporary U.S. currency, including the one-dollar bill and the quarter-dollar coin (the Washington quarter).

Commander in chief (1775–1783) | Demobilization and resignation

On November 25, the British evacuated New York City, and Washington and Governor George Clinton took possession.

George Washington did not have wooden teeth.


Mary, the only surviving legitimate child of King James V of Scotland, was six days old when her father died and she acceded to the throne.

Mary was queen consort of France from his accession in 1559 until his death in December 1560.

Childhood and early reign | Treaty of Greenwich

In May 1546, Beaton was murdered by Protestant lairds, and on 10 September 1547, nine months after the death of Henry VIII, the Scots suffered a heavy defeat at the Battle of Pinkie.

Mary, Queen of Scots (8 December 1542 – 8 February 1587), also known as Mary Stuart or Mary I of Scotland, reigned over Scotland from 14 December 1542 to 24 July 1567.

16 May. She landed at Workington in Cumberland in the north of England and stayed overnight at Workington Hall.

Escape and imprisonment in England | Plots

His death coincided with a rebellion in the North of England, led by Catholic earls, which persuaded Elizabeth that Mary was a threat.

Her privy council of 16 men, appointed on 6 September 1561, retained those who already held the offices of state.

In May 1544, the English Earl of Hertford (later Duke of Somerset) raided Edinburgh, and the Scots took Mary to Dunkeld for safety.

Escape and imprisonment in England | Casket letters

There are incomplete printed transcriptions in English, Scots, French, and Latin from the 1570s.

As an anointed queen, Mary refused to acknowledge the power of any court to try her.

Escape and imprisonment in England | Execution

Cecil's nephew, who was present at the execution, reported to his uncle that after her death "Her lips stirred up and down a quarter of an hour after her head was cut off" and that a small dog owned by the queen emerged from hiding among her skirts—though eye-witness Emanuel Tomascon does not include those details in his "exhaustive report".

Mary, Queen of Scots was 16 at her father's death.


The statue weighs 635 metric tons (625 long, 700 short tons), and is located at the peak of the 700-metre (2,300 ft) Corcovado mountain in the Tijuca Forest National Park overlooking the city of Rio de Janeiro.

Christ the Redeemer (Portuguese: Cristo Redentor, standard Brazilian Portuguese: [ˈkɾistu ʁedenˈtoʁ], local pronunciation: [ˈkɾiɕtŭ̻ xe̞denˈtoɦ]) is an Art Deco statue of Jesus Christ in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, created by French sculptor Paul Landowski and built by Brazilian engineer Heitor da Silva Costa, in collaboration with French engineer Albert Caquot.

The lightning rods located in the statue's head and arms were also repaired, and new lighting fixtures were installed at the foot of the statue.

Cristo del Otero in Palencia , Spain built in 1930 (21 m) Cristo Rey (statue, Mexico) located on the Cerro del Cubilete in Guanajuato, Mexico, inspired by Rio's Christ the Redeemer (23 m) Cristo Rey in Tenancingo, México, México (30 m) Christ Blessing in Manado, North Sulawesi, Indonesia (30 m) Christ of Havana in Havana, Cuba, inspired by Christ the Redeemer (20 m) Christ of the Abyss in various underwater locations

The designs considered for the "Statue of the Christ" included a representation of the Christian cross, a statue of Jesus with a globe in his hands, and a pedestal symbolizing the world.

In 2010, a massive restoration of the statue began.

The four-month restoration in 2010 focused on the statue itself.

The statue of Christ the Redeemer with open arms, a symbol of peace, was chosen.

Local engineer Heitor da Silva Costa designed the statue.

More work on the statue and its environs was conducted in 2003 and early 2010.

Statue of Jesus Christ on the top of Sagrat Cor, Barcelona, Spain

The statue is located in Argentina.


He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) from 1902 through 1917 for the Chicago Cubs, Boston Braves, and Philadelphia Phillies.

John Joseph Evers (July 21, 1881 – March 28, 1947) was an American professional baseball second baseman and manager.

Career | Boston Braves and Philadelphia Phillies

He signed with the Boston Red Sox as a player-coach for the 1918 season, but was released without playing a game for them.

The Cubs traded Evers to the Braves in 1914; that season, Evers led the Braves to victory in the World Series, and was named the league's Most Valuable Player.

Evers' brother, Joe Evers, and uncle, Tom Evers, also played in MLB.

In the process, Evers became the oldest player in the league for the year.

Evers made his professional debut in minor league baseball for the Troy Trojans of the Class-B New York State League in 1902 as a shortstop.

Known as one of the smartest ballplayers in MLB, Evers also had a surly temper that he took out on umpires.

Not receiving another offer from an MLB team, Evers traveled to Paris as a member of the Knights of Columbus to promote baseball in France.

Evers made his MLB debut with the Cubs on September 1 at shortstop, as Selee moved Joe Tinker from shortstop to third base.

Only three players in the National League (NL) were younger than Evers: Jim St. Vrain, Jimmy Sebring, and Lave Winham.

Johnny Evers was an American professional MLB player for 15 seasons.


On 10 January 2016, two days after his 69th birthday and the release of the album Blackstar, Bowie died from liver cancer in his New York City apartment.

As he wished in his will, his ashes were scattered in a Buddhist ceremony in Bali, Indonesia.

He remained musically active until he died of liver cancer at his home in New York City, two days after his 69th birthday and the release of his final album, Blackstar (2016).

Personal life | Spirituality and religion

" In his will, Bowie stipulated that he be cremated and his ashes scattered in Bali "in accordance with the Buddhist rituals".

Blackstar was released on 8 January 2016, Bowie's 69th birthday, and was met with critical acclaim.

Two years later, he started attending Burnt Ash Junior School.

Music career | 1992–1998: Electronic period

"Everyone Says 'Hi'". The reunion led to other collaborations including a limited-edition single release version of Placebo's track " Without You I'm Nothing", co-produced by Visconti, with Bowie's harmonised vocal added to the original recording.

A David Bowie walking tour through Brixton was also launched, and other events marking his birthday weekend included concerts in New York, Los Angeles, Sydney, and Tokyo.

On 24 April 1992, Bowie married Somali-American model Iman in a private ceremony in Lausanne.

Music career | 2016–present: Posthumous releases

On 8 January 2020, on what would have been Bowie's 73rd birthday, a previously unreleased version of the song "The Man Who Sold the World" was released, and two new releases were announced: a streaming-only EP entitled Is It Any Wonder?

David Bowie died two days after his 69th birthday to liver cancer, and his ashes were scattered in a Buddhist ceremony in Bali, Indonesia


Gerty was not a nickname, but rather she was named after an Austrian warship.

Gerty Theresa Cori (née Radnitz; August 15, 1896 – October 26, 1957) was an Austro-Hungarian-American biochemist who in 1947 was the third woman to win a Nobel Prize in science, and the first woman to be awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, for her role in the discovery of glycogen metabolism.

She was the first woman to be awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.

In 1947, Gerty Cori became the third woman—and the first American woman—to win a Nobel Prize in science, the previous recipients being Marie Curie and Irène Joliot-Curie.

In 1947, the couple was awarded a half share of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.

Gerty and Carl Cori collaborated on most of their work, including that which won them the 1947 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine "for their discovery of the course of the catalytic conversion of glycogen".

Although prejudiced against in her time for being a woman, today she is the more celebrated of the Coris as she considered a pioneer as a woman of science.

Six of the scientists mentored by Cori and her husband went on to win Nobel Prizes, which is only superseded by the mentored scientists of British physicist J.J. Thomson.

Just before winning the Nobel prize, while they were on a mountain climbing trip, the Coris learned that Gerty Cori was ill with myelosclerosis, a fatal disease of the bone marrow.

, Gerty Cori received the Nobel Prize in 1947 for the discovery of the mechanism by which glycogen—a derivative of glucose—is broken down in muscle tissue into lactic acid and then resynthesized in the body and stored as a source of energy (known as the Cori cycle).

Gerty Theresa Cori, named after an English warship, was an Austro-Hungarian-American biochemist who in 1947 was the third woman to win a Nobel Prize in science, and the first woman to be awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, for her role in the discovery of glycogen metabolism.


All these works were inspired by the real-life murder of Grace Brown by Chester Gillette in 1906, which resulted in Gillette's conviction and execution by electric chair in 1908.A Place in the Sun was directed by George Stevens from a screenplay by Harry Brown and Michael Wilson, and stars Montgomery Clift, Elizabeth Taylor, and Shelley Winters; its supporting actors included Anne Revere, and Raymond Burr.

When Alice announces that she is pregnant and makes it clear that she expects George to marry her, he puts her off, spending more and more of his time with Angela and his new well-heeled friends.

It tells the story of a working-class young man who is entangled with two women: one who works in his wealthy uncle's factory, and the other a beautiful socialite.

A Place in the Sun is a 1951 American drama film based on the 1925 novel An American Tragedy by Theodore Dreiser and the 1926 play, also titled An American Tragedy.

In 1991, A Place in the Sun was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant".

Near the end, he agrees when the priest suggests that, although he did not kill Alice, he did not act to save her because he was thinking of Angela.

Critics cite the soporific pace, the exaggerated melodrama, and the outdated social commentary as qualities present in A Place in the Sun that are not present in the great films of the era, such as those by Alfred Hitchcock and Elia Kazan, although the performances by Clift, Taylor, and Winters continue to receive praise.

Later, Angela visits George in prison, saying that she will always love him, and George slowly marches toward his execution.

The film's acclaim did not completely hold up over time.

The elder Eastman invites George to visit him if and when he ever comes to town, and the ambitious young man takes advantage of the offer.

A Place in the Sun is a movie based on a real-life man who gets a women pregnant and ends up being executed.


He represented Michigan in the United States Senate and served in the Cabinets of two U.S. Presidents, Andrew Jackson and James Buchanan.

A statue of Cass is one of the two that were submitted by Michigan to the National Statuary Hall collection in the U.S. Capitol in Washington,

Cass was one of the founders of the Grand Lodge of Ohio, representing the Lodge of Amity at the first meeting on January 4, 1808.

Lewis Cass (October 9, 1782 – June 17, 1866) was an American military officer, politician, and statesman.

Career | Territorial Governor of Michigan

In 1817, Cass was one of the two commissioners (along with Duncan McArthur), who negotiated the Treaty of Fort Meigs, which was signed on September 29 with several Native American tribes of the region, under which they ceded large amounts of territory to the United States.

Lewis and Elizabeth were the parents of seven children, five of whom lived past infancy: Isabella Cass (1805–1879), who married Theodorus Marinus Roest van Limburg, a Dutch journalist, diplomat, and politician.

Cass resigned from the Cabinet in December 1860 in protest of Buchanan's handling of the threatened secession of several Southern states.

Cass Technical High School in Detroit, Cass High School in Bartow County, Georgia, Lewis Cass High School in Walton, Indiana, and Lewis Cass Elementary in Livonia, Michigan were named in honor of Lewis Cass.

Career | Presidential ambitions and U.S. Senate

In the 1844 Democratic convention Cass stood as a candidate for the presidential nomination, losing on the 9th ballot to dark horse candidate James K. Polk.

Lewis Cass is the namesake of Cass Street in Green Bay, Wisconsin.

Lewis Cass was a pro-slavery politician who was on one Presidential Cabinet.


Lieutenant Pike, in his travels to the sources of the Mississippi, remarked, " By killing the celebrated Sauk chief, Pontiac, the Illinois, Cahokias, Kaskaskias, and Peorias kindled a war with the allied nations of the Sauks and Reynards, which has been the cause of the almost entire destruction of the former nations." According to a story recorded by historian Francis Parkman in The Conspiracy of Pontiac (1851), a terrible war of retaliation against the Peoria resulted from Pontiac's murder.

Pontiac or Obwandiyag (c. 1714/20 – April 20, 1769) was an Odawa war chief known for his role in the war named for him, from 1763 to 1766 leading Native Americans in a struggle against British military occupation of the Great Lakes region.

Some sources also state that he may have been born a Catawba and taken as prisoner, then adopted as Odawa.

He was summoned to Detroit in August 1767 to testify in the investigation of the murder of Elizabeth "Betty" Fisher, a seven-year-old English colonist.

He was apparently avenging his uncle, a Peoria chief named Makachinga (Black Dog), whom Pontiac had stabbed and badly wounded in 1766.

In one of the earliest accounts of Pontiac, Robert Rogers, a noted British frontier soldier, claimed to have met with the warrior chief in 1760, although many details in Rogers' story are unreliable.

On May 10, 1768, he dictated a letter to British officials in which he explained that he was no longer recognized as a chief by the people of his village on the Maumee.

" The British assumed that chiefs held more authority than they usually did, and failed to recognize the decentralized nature of the Indian bands and tribes.

Pontiac's War began on May 7, 1763, when Pontiac and 300 followers attempted to take Fort Detroit by surprise.

The British further increased his stature by making Pontiac the focus of their diplomacy and not understanding the decentralized Indian approach to war.

Pontiac, an Odawa war chief, did not die of old age.


The Quiet Man is a 1952 American romantic comedy-drama film directed by John Ford.

In 2013, the film was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant".

Portrayed in a flashback earlier in the film, scenes depict the event, which occurred during his career as a professional heavyweight boxer in the United States.

It was an official selection of the 1952 Venice Film Festival.

It was also the seventh most popular film for British audiences in 1952.

When Maureen O'Hara died in October 2015, her family stated she listened to music from The Quiet Man during her final hours.

In 2010 there was a documentary called Dreaming The Quiet Man made about the journey and making of The Quiet Man.

On January 22, 2013 Olive Films released The Quiet Man on DVD and for the first time on Blu-ray, as a 60th Anniversary Special edition.

Among those are Lettergesh beach, where the horse race scene was filmed, "The Quiet Man Bridge", signposted off the N59 road between Maam Cross and Oughterard and the "White O'Morn" cottage.

It included the documentary "The Making of the Quiet Man" with Leonard Maltin.

The 1952 film The Quiet Man is preserved in the United States National Film Registry.


He played in Major League Baseball as a right-handed pitcher for eight different teams from 1962 to 1983.

He spent 1958 with the St. Cloud, Minnesota team in Class A Northern League, compiling a 9–5 record and a 2.39 ERA.

Of the four, only Mays, as a member of the 1954 team, had previously received a World Series ring while playing for the Giants.

Professional career | San Francisco Giants (1962–1971)

In 1969, Perry led the league in innings pitched, but the Giants finished second in the pennant race for the fifth straight season.

Marichal missed much of the 1967 season with a leg injury, and Perry was thrust into the role of team ace.

While he finished the season with a disappointing 15–17 record, he had a low ERA and allowed only 7 hits per 9 innings pitched.

Professional career | Atlanta Braves (1981)

During the strike-shortened 1981 season, Perry, the oldest player at the time in Major League baseball, started 23 games (150.2 innings) and had an 8–9 record.

The lone run came on a first-inning home run by light-hitting Ron Hunt—the second of the only two he would hit that season.

Despite his admission of illegal pitches, he was elected to the Hall of Fame in 1991 and was nominated as a finalist for the Major League Baseball All-Century Team.

Jim and Gaylord both began playing baseball with their father during their lunch break on the farm as youths, and later all three would play on the same local semi-pro team.

Perry spent 19 seasons in the MLB and played for at least 6 teams.


When she was 15, her grandfather died of stomach cancer, and being with him during his last moments inspired the multi talented Gertrude to pursue a career in science and medicine in college.

Elion, G. (1989). " The Purine Path to Chemotherapy".

Elion's research contributed to the development of: "Antagonists of Nucleic Acid Derivatives.

Most of Elion's early work came from the use and development of purine derivatives.

She also was crucial in the development of Nelarabine, which she worked on until her death in 1999.Rather than relying on trial-and-error, Elion and Hitchings discovered new drugs using rational drug design, which used the differences in biochemistry and metabolism between normal human cells and pathogens (disease-causing agents such as cancer cells, protozoa, bacteria, and viruses) to design drugs that could kill or inhibit the reproduction of particular pathogens without harming human cells.

Even after her retirement from Burroughs Wellcome, Gertrude continued almost full time work at the lab.

VI. VI. Purines" (PDF). Journal of Biological Chemistry.

192 192 : 505–518. 1951. “Interaction of Anticancer Drugs with Enzymes.”

In Pharmacological Basis of Cancer Chemotherapy (1975).

Science. Science. 244: 41–47. doi:10.1126

Gertrude B. Elion's grandmother helped her decide her career path after her death.


Design and construction process | Origin

The defiant lion, 73 feet (22 m) long and half that in height, displays an emotional quality characteristic of Romanticism, which Bartholdi would later bring to the Statue of Liberty.

After dedication | Early National Park Service years (1933–1982)

The statue was the focal point for Operation Sail, a regatta of tall ships from all over the world that entered New York Harbor on July 4, 1976, and sailed around Liberty Island.

A replica 30 feet (9.1 m) tall stood atop the Liberty Warehouse on West 64th Street in Manhattan for many years; it now resides at the Brooklyn Museum.

President Calvin Coolidge officially designated the Statue of Liberty as part of the Statue of Liberty National Monument in 1924.

After dedication | Closures and reopenings (2001–present)

On October 7, 2016, construction started on the new Statue of Liberty Museum on Liberty Island.

Access and attributes | Location and access

The statue is situated in Upper New York Bay on Liberty Island south of Ellis Island, which together comprise the Statue of Liberty National Monument.

The statue is a figure of Libertas, a robed Roman liberty goddess.

Design and construction process | Announcement and early work

With the announcement, the statue was given a name, Liberty Enlightening the World.

Access and attributes | Inscriptions, plaques, and dedications

There are several plaques and dedicatory tablets on or near the Statue of Liberty.

Design and construction process | Construction in France | Design

Joachim Goschen Giæver designed the structural framework for the Statue of Liberty.

After dedication | Lighthouse Board and War Department (1886–1933)

One immigrant who arrived from Greece recalled: I saw the Statue of Liberty.

Statue of Liberty is 18 meters tall.


A neutrino ( or ) (denoted by the Greek letter ν) is a fermion (an elementary particle with spin of 1/2) that interacts only via the weak subatomic force and gravity.

The neutrino is so named because it is electrically neutral and because its rest mass is so small (

The weak force has a very short range, the gravitational interaction is extremely weak, and neutrinos do not participate in the strong interaction.

The name (the Italian equivalent of "little neutral one") was jokingly coined by Edoardo Amaldi during a conversation with Fermi at the Institute of Physics of via Panisperna in Rome, in order to distinguish this light neutral particle from Chadwick's heavy neutron.

Properties and reactions | Flavor, mass, and their mixing

A non-zero mass allows neutrinos to possibly have a tiny magnetic moment; if so, neutrinos would interact electromagnetically, although no such interaction has ever been observed.

Neutrinos are leptons. They have only been observed to interact through the weak force, although it is assumed that they also interact gravitationally.

James Chadwick discovered a much more massive neutral nuclear particle in 1932 and named it a neutron also, leaving two kinds of particles with the same name.

This particle would have the Yukawa interactions with the neutral component of the Higgs doublet, but otherwise would have no interactions with Standard Model particles, so is called a "sterile" neutrino.

Neutrinos' low mass and neutral charge mean they interact exceedingly weakly with other particles and fields.

A neutrino is a fermion that interacts only via the strong subatomic force and gravity was named because it is electrically neutral and because its rest mass is so small ( -ino) that it was long thought to be zero.


Carlton has an orchard and 150 fruit trees, saying, "Before Al Gore was green

Major league career (1965–1988) | Retirement

Carlton subsequently retired at age

44.Nolan Ryan pitched until 1993 and extended his strikeout lead over Carlton to almost 1,600 before retiring.

, I was green," Of his healthy partnership with St. Lukes, he added "I'm interested in this 'fit for life' idea, we're trying to get people off the couch, move a little bit, not a sedentary life. ... St. Luke's and myself, we're on the same page as far as how we think about that.

Major league career (1965–1988) | Chicago White Sox (1986)

Carlton's retirement was brief; he had not submitted paperwork for the voluntary retired list nor did he submit a letter of retirement to the National League.

Major league career (1965–1988) | San Francisco Giants (1986) | 4,000th strikeout

The day after the milestone, Carlton announced his retirement on August 7, 1986.

Carlton remained unsigned in 1989.

Carlton eventually fell to third and

Major league career (1965–1988) | Philadelphia Phillies (1972–1986) | Media silence | Race with Nolan Ryan and Gaylord Perry for the all–time strikeout record

He retired while on top of his game.

The Philadelphia Phillies retired Carlton's number 32 in 1989.

The New York Yankees offered him the use of their facilities for training purposes, but guaranteed no spot in spring training.

Carlton retired to a simple life of farming.


Marvin Lee Aday was born in Dallas, Texas, the only child of Wilma Artie (née Hukel), a school teacher and a member of the Vo-di-o-do Girls gospel quartet, and Orvis Wesley Aday, a former police officer who went into business with his wife and one of their friends as the Griffin Grocery Company, selling a homemade cough remedy.

Michael Lee Aday (born Marvin Lee Aday, September 27, 1947), known professionally as Meat Loaf, is an American singer and actor.

Music career | The Rocky Horror Picture Show

As on the "Stoney & Meatloaf" album, he was credited as Meatloaf (one word) on the "Free-for-All" liner notes.

The title track features a duet with the Who's lead singer Roger Daltrey.

Music career | Bat Out of Hell II: Back into Hell

Meat Loaf promoted the song with American vocalist Patti Russo who performed lead female vocals on tour with him.

Released as a single (in the United Kingdom) was Rock 'n' Roll Mercenaries, which was a duet with rock singer John Parr.

The album is based on a short story by L.A.-based screenwriter and director Kilian Kerwin, a long-time friend of the singer.

After being booed off stage and almost deciding to quit, Chef tells him that his name might be the problem, and then hands him a plate of meatloaf to cheer him up.

The American release on RCA Records was in April 1985 and features a slightly different track list, as well as alternate mixes for some songs.

The album, titled Stoney & Meatloaf (with Meat Loaf misspelled as one word) was completed in the summer of 1971 and released in September of that year.

Music career | Bat Out of Hell III: The Monster Is Loose

In 2007, a newer, bigger worldwide tour began, The Seize the Night Tour, with Marion Raven, serving as a supporting act, throughout the European and American tour.

The American singer, Meat-Loaf is a Texan.


Various religious fundamentalists have claimed that the books promote witchcraft and religions such as Wicca and are therefore unsuitable for children, while a number of critics have criticised the books for promoting various political agendas.

On publication, the first book, Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone, attracted attention from the Scottish newspapers, such as The Scotsman, which said it had "all the makings of a classic," and The Glasgow Herald, which called it "Magic stuff.

The stories are told from a third person limited point of view with very few exceptions (such as the opening chapters of Philosopher's Stone, Goblet of Fire and Deathly Hallows and the first two chapters of Half-Blood Prince).

The events, commonly featuring mock sorting, games, face painting, and other live entertainment have achieved popularity with Potter fans and have been highly successful in attracting fans and selling books with nearly nine million of the 10.8 million initial print copies of Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince sold in the first 24 hours.

In contrast Emily Griesinger described Harry's first passage through to Platform 9 3⁄4 as an application of faith and hope, and his encounter with the Sorting Hat as the first of many in which Harry is shaped by the choices he makes.

Academics and journalists have developed many other interpretations of themes in the books, some more complex than others, and some including political subtexts.

Supplementary works | Pottermore website

Pottermore allows users to be sorted, be chosen by their wand and play various minigames.

When the first novel of the series, Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone, opens, it is apparent that some significant event has taken place in the wizarding world – an event so very remarkable that even Muggles (non-magical people) notice signs of it.

Attractions | The Making of Harry Potter

The attraction is located at Warner Bros. Studios, Leavesden, where all eight of the Harry Potter films were made.

Attractions | The Wizarding World of Harry Potter

The flagship attraction is Harry Potter and the Escape from Gringotts roller coaster ride.

In the United States, the book's initial printing run was 3.8 million copies.

The book series' first run didn't attract negative attention by anybody except Christians, the pope, and other very theistic sorts.


According to the International Monetary Fund, the U.S. GDP of $16.8 trillion constitutes 24% of the gross world product at market exchange rates and over 19% of the gross world product at purchasing power parity (PPP).

Accounting for 4.24% of the global population, Americans collectively possess 29.4% of the world's total wealth, and Americans make up roughly half of the world's population of millionaires.

A highly developed country, the United States is the world's largest economy and accounts for approximately a quarter of global gross domestic product (GDP).

The rise in the share of total annual income received by the top one percent, which has more than doubled from nine percent in 1976 to 20 percent in 2011, has significantly affected income inequality, leaving the United States with one of the widest income distributions among OECD nations.

Capital punishment is sanctioned in the United States for certain federal and military crimes, and at the state level in 30 states.

It is the foremost military power in the world, making up more than a third of global military spending, and is a leading political, cultural, and scientific force internationally.

As of July 2020, the United States has over 4 million COVID-19 cases and over 145,000 deaths.

The Constitution has been amended 27 times; the first ten amendments, which make up the Bill of Rights, and the Fourteenth Amendment form the central basis of Americans' individual rights.

In 2009, the United States had the third-highest workforce productivity per person in the world, behind Luxembourg and Norway.

The United States is the world's largest importer and the second-largest exporter of goods, by value.

The United States makes up over 30 percent of the of the world's products.


The film is set in a mid-sized American town, where people with loved ones in the Armed Forces try to cope with their changed circumstances and make their own contributions to the war effort.

Anne has just returned from seeing her husband off to Camp Claiborne, and she and her daughters must adjust to Tim's absence and make other sacrifices for the war effort, including food rationing; planting a victory garden; giving up the services of their loyal maid Fidelia who nevertheless offers to continue working part-time for the Hiltons while foregoing wages; and taking in a boarder, the curmudgeonly retired Colonel Smollett.

Since You Went Away is a 1944 American drama film directed by John Cromwell for Selznick International Pictures and distributed by United Artists.

Though famously sentimental in places, Since You Went Away is somber at times about the effects of war on ordinary people.

It is an epic about the American home front during World War II that was adapted and produced by David O. Selznick from the 1943 novel Since You Went Away: Letters to a Soldier from His Wife by Margaret Buell Wilder.

The film is recognized by American Film Institute in these lists:  2006: AFI's 100 Years... 100 Cheers – Nominated

When the Hiltons travel by train in a failed attempt to see Tim one last time before he ships out, they encounter or travel with many other people whose lives have been affected by the war, and they end up not getting to see Tim because their train is delayed to allow a defense supply train to go through first.

Since You Went Away was released to DVD by MGM Home Video on October 19, 2004 in a Region 1

According to Bosley Crowther, Since You Went Away, Selznick's first screen production in four years, features a script with an "excess of exhausting emotional detail"; Crowther was impressed with the performances, but had issues with the film as a whole: As the mother and center of the family, Claudette Colbert gives an excellent show of gallantly self-contained emotion, and Jennifer Jones is surpassingly sweet as a well-bred American daughter in the first bloom of womanhood and love.

Bill finally is sent overseas and Jane tearfully runs after his departing train to tell him goodbye.

The Colonel, who under his gruff exterior really does care about his grandson, conveys his good wishes to Bill via Anne, but arrives too late to say goodbye in person.

Since You Went Away is a 1944 American drama film about ordinary people in a mid-size downtown with a large church to organize sending out care packages filled with vegetables and rations to the men at war overseas.


More than twenty Roman Catholic cardinals manage active Twitter accounts, nine of whom were cardinal electors for the 2013 Papal conclave.

Twitter is recognized for having one of the most open and powerful developer APIs of any major technology company.

With more followers, users' profiles gain more attention, thus increasing their popularity.

According to Quancast, twenty-seven million people in the US used Twitter as of September 3, 2009.

Initially, polls could have only two options with a maximum of twenty characters per option.

As noted on Compete.com, Twitter moved up to the third-highest-ranking social networking site in January 2009 from its previous rank of twenty-second.

However, only 30 of these do their own tweeting, more than 80 do not subscribe to other politicians and many do not follow any accounts.

so their fakery is more convincing, making them less prone to repetitive patterns that flag them as mere programs.

Twitter is increasingly used for TV to be more interactive.

In early 2016, Twitter announced that Fabric was installed on more than 2 billion active devices and used by more than 225,000 developers.

More than twenty Roman Catholic cardinals have a Twitter account.


Evers died of a cerebral hemorrhage in 1947 at St. Peter's Hospital in Albany, and is buried in Saint Mary's Cemetery in Troy.

The store was passed down to Evers' descendants.

Evers suffered a stroke in August 1942, which paralyzed the right side of his body.

In the process, Evers became the oldest player in the league for the year.

Evers, Tinker, and Chance were all inducted in the Hall of Fame in the same year.

He remained bedridden or confined to a wheelchair for most of the next five years.

When his son was 11 years old, Evers bought part of the Albany Senators and gave him the stock.

They went several years without speaking to each other after one argument.

Team owner Charles W. Murphy named Evers manager in 1913, signing him to a five-year contract, succeeding Chance.

He experienced a nervous breakdown in 1911; returning to the Cubs later in the season, he played in only 46 games that year.

However, Evers suffered from appendicitis during the season, missing time during the year, and the White Sox opened up a managerial search when Chance died in September.

Johnny Evers passed away the year after he had a stroke.


Casablanca (Arabic: الدار البيضاء, romanized: Ad-dār al-Bayḍā' [adˈdaːru ɫbajdˤaːʔ] or كازابلانكا, the white house, Darija Accent [ænfæ] incline) is the largest city of Morocco.

History | World War II | Anfa Conference

Casablanca hosted the Anfa Conference (also called the Casablanca Conference) in January 1943.

The Hassan II Mosque, which is the second largest mosque in Africa and the seventh largest in the world, is the city's main tourist attraction.

A Sephardic Jewish community was in Anfa up to the destruction of the city by the Portuguese in 1468.

The Port of Casablanca is one of the largest artificial ports in the world, and the second largest port of North Africa, after Tanger-Med 40 km (25 mi) east of Tangier.

History | Portuguese conquest and Spanish influence

The town that grew up around it was called Casa Branca, meaning "white house" in Portuguese.

The Portuguese used the ruins of Anfa to build a military fortress in 1515.

Located in the central-western part of Morocco bordering the Atlantic Ocean, it is the largest city in the Maghreb region and the eighth-largest in the Arab world.

The original name of Casablanca was Anfa (Neo-Tifinagh: ⴰⵏⴼⴰ), in Berber language, by at least the seventh century BC.

The town was called ad-Dār al-Bayḍāʼ (الدار البيضاء), the Arabic translation of the Portuguese Casa Branca.

The second largest city in Morocco, Casablanca was originally called Anfa and then later renamed by the Portuguese.


Since the release of the first novel, Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone, on 26 June 1997, the books have found immense popularity, critical acclaim and commercial success worldwide.

In 1998, Rowling sold the film rights of the first four Harry Potter books to Warner Bros. for a reported £1 million ($1,982,900).

It was released in the United States on 1 September 1998 by Scholastic – the American publisher of the books – as Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone, after Rowling had received US$105,000 for the American rights – a record amount for a children's book by an unknown author.

The final book in the series, Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows became the fastest selling book in history, moving 11 million units in the first twenty-four hours of release.

The second book, Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets, was originally published in the UK on 2 July 1998 and in the US on 2 June 1999.

The first releases of the successive books in the series followed in the same style but somewhat more realistic, illustrating scenes from the books.

Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince was published on 16 July 2005; it sold 9 million copies in the first 24 hours of its worldwide release.

From 1997 to 1998, Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone won almost all the UK awards judged by children, but none of the children's book awards judged by adults, and Sandra Beckett suggested the reason was intellectual snobbery towards books that were popular among children.

The book sold 11 million copies in the first 24 hours of release, breaking down to 2.7 million copies in the UK and 8.3 million in the US.

The film/book-based games are produced by Electronic Arts, as was Harry Potter: Quidditch World Cup, with the game version of the first entry in the series, Philosopher's Stone, being released in November 2001.

The first Harry Potter book was released in 1998.


I's American Expeditionary Forces, while the media referred to them as the "Bonus Army" or "Bonus Marchers".

Organizers called the demonstrators the "Bonus Expeditionary Force", to echo the name of World War

The Bonus Army was a group of 43,000 demonstrators – made up of 17,000 U.S. World War

When the US entered World War I in 1917, he sold his butcher shop in St. Louis, Missouri, and joined the army.

She reminisced about her memories of seeing troops off to World War I and welcoming them home.

Joe Angelo, a decorated hero from the war who had saved Patton's life during the Meuse-Argonne offensive on September 26, 1918, approached him the day after to sway him.

William Hushka (1895–1932) was an immigrant to the United States from Lithuania.

Breaking with tradition, the veterans of the Spanish–American War did not receive a bonus and after World War I, that became a political matter when they received only a $60 bonus.

It also conjectured that at least part of the Marine Corps garrison in Washington would side with the revolutionaries, hence Marine units

Eric Carlson (1894–1932) was a veteran from Oakland, California who fought in the trenches of France in World War I.

The name "Bonus Army" came from this unit being a supplementary force for the regular army during World War I.


Ott was injured in an auto accident in Bay Saint Louis, Mississippi, in November of 1958.

He was transferred to a hospital in New Orleans, where he died a week later at the age of 49.

The Mel Ott Little League began in 1959, named for Ott soon after his death.

In Game 1, he had four hits, including a two-run home run in the first inning.

Ott died in a similar manner to two other New York Giants Hall of Famers: Frankie Frisch in 1973 and Carl Hubbell in 1988.

Since 1959, the National League has honored the league's annual home run champion with the Mel Ott Award.

He was interred in Metairie Cemetery.

The injury effectively ended his career; he only appeared in 29 more games for the rest of 1946, and retired after making only four cameo appearances in 1947.

Because of this, his home run record historically has been downplayed, suggesting that a 257-foot (78 m) foul line at the Polo Grounds resulted in higher numbers at home.

Ott was skeptical at first, so Williams bought Ott a train ticket to New York .Ott

Mel Ott received a critical injury in a car crash that resulted in his death.


Literary translations and printed editions | Chinese editions

It is reported that there are more than 70 Chinese translations of the novella.

The Little Prince is one of the most popular and beloved foreign works of literature in China.

As an example: as of 2011 there are approximately 47 translated editions of The Little Prince in Korean, and there are also about 50 different translated editions in Chinese (produced in both mainland China and Taiwan).

The Little Prince became Saint-Exupéry's most successful work, selling an estimated 140 million copies worldwide, which makes it one of the best-selling and most translated books ever published.

Saint-Exupéry dedicated two books to him, Lettre à un otage (Letter to a Hostage) and Le Petit Prince (The Little Prince), and referred to Werth in three more of his works.

Mistranslations aside, one reviewer noted that Wood's almost "poetic" English translation has long been admired by many Little Prince lovers, who have spanned generations (it stayed in print until 2001), as her work maintains Saint-Exupéry's story-telling spirit and charm, if not its literal accuracy.

Its publisher had anticipated such reactions to a work that fell neither exclusively into a children's nor adult's literature classification.

Anthropologist Florence Tola, commenting on the suitability of the work for Toban translation, said there is "nothing strange [when] the Little Prince speaks with a snake or a fox and travels among the stars, it fits perfectly into the Toba mythology".

Literary translations and printed editions | Extension of copyrights in France

French law allows for a copyright of 70 years from the author's death.

Many of them are titled Prince From a Star, while others carry the book title that is a direct translation of The Little Prince.

The Little Prince is one of the most popular and beloved foreign works of literature in China with more than 70 Chinese translations of the novella.


In her first years in Hollywood, Russell was characterized, both in her personal life and film career, as a sophisticated lady.

All of them refused. Russell found out about this while riding on a train to New York, when she read an article in The New York Times stating that she had been cast in the film and listing all the actresses who had turned the part down.

Although the role was small, she received good notices, with one critic saying that she was "convincing as the woman scorned".

Before her being cast, Howard Hawks had asked Katharine Hepburn, Irene Dunne, Claudette Colbert, Jean Arthur, Margaret Sullavan, and Ginger Rogers if they would like to play the brash, fast-talking reporter in his film.

Russell approached director Frank Lloyd for help changing her image, but instead of helping her, Lloyd cast her as a wealthy aristocrat in Under Two Flags (1936).

She was next cast as catty gossip Sylvia Fowler in the all-female comedy The Women (1939), directed by George Cukor.

One critic wrote: "Rosalind Russell as the 'other woman' in the story gives an intelligent and deft handling to her scenes with Young." She quickly rose to fame, and by 1935, was seen as a replacement for actress Myrna Loy, as she took many roles for which Loy was initially set.

Russell had been, as she put it, "Everyone's fifteenth choice" for the role of Hildy in the film.

In 2009, the documentary film Life Is a Banquet: The Life of Rosalind Russell, narrated by Kathleen Turner, was shown at film festivals across the U.S. and on some PBS stations.

After hearing the audio for the film day after day while traveling, Brisson decided he had better sit down and watch the whole film.

Russell was cast in her beginning work in the LA film industry as the well-dressed, worldly woman.


George III was dubbed "Farmer George" by satirists, at first to mock his interest in mundane matters rather than politics, but later to contrast his homely thrift with his son's grandiosity and to portray him as a man of the people.

For George III, Pitt's appointment was a great victory.

During and after Pitt's ministry, George III was extremely popular in Britain.

William Pitt | Slavery and the slave trade

During most of his reign, King George III opposed the abolitionist movement.

George III hoped that "the tongue of malice may not paint my intentions in those colours she admires, nor the sycophant extoll me beyond what I deserve", but in the popular mind George III has been both demonised and praised.

" The gilded equestrian statue of George III in New York was pulled down.

George III was buried on 16 February in St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle.

French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars

George III claimed that to emancipate Catholics would be to violate his coronation oath, in which Sovereigns promise to maintain Protestantism.

George III is often accused of obstinately trying to keep Great Britain at war with the revolutionaries in America, despite the opinions of his own ministers.

George used the opportunity to abandon the title "king of France", which English and British Sovereigns had maintained since the reign of Edward III.

The actions of Lord Chatham and George III in repealing the Act were so popular in America that statues of them both were erected in New York City.

George III was nicknamed "Farmer George" by some.


The book tells the story of a group of farm animals who rebel against their human farmer, hoping to create a society where the animals can be equal, free, and happy.

The hens are among the first to rebel, albeit unsuccessfully, against Napoleon.

This is an ironic twist to the original purpose of the Seven Commandments, which were supposed to keep order within Animal Farm by uniting the animals together against the humans and preventing animals from following the humans' evil habits.

Animal Farm (1999) is a live-action TV version that shows Napoleon's regime collapsing in on itself, with the farm having new human owners, reflecting the collapse of Soviet communism.

Mr. Jones – A heavy drinker who is the original owner of Manor Farm, a farm in disrepair with farmhands who often loaf on the job.

Mr. Pilkington – The easy-going but crafty and well-to-do owner of Foxwood, a large neighbouring farm overgrown with weeds.

Mr. Frederick – The tough owner of Pinchfield, a small but well-kept neighbouring farm, who briefly enters into an alliance with Napoleon.

"The revolt of the animals against Farmer Jones is Orwell's analogy with the October 1917 Bolshevik Revolution.

In a letter to Yvonne Davet, Orwell described Animal Farm as a satirical tale against Stalin ("un conte satirique contre Staline"), and in his essay "Why I Write" (1946), wrote that Animal Farm was the first book in which he tried, with full consciousness of what he was doing, "to fuse political purpose and artistic purpose into one whole".

Similarly to Benjamin, Muriel is one of the few animals on the farm who is not a pig but can read.

Animal Farm is about some animals who rebel against their owner.


The phrase "Merry Christmas" had been around for many years – the earliest known written  use was in a letter in 1534 – but Dickens's use of the phrase in A Christmas Carol popularised it among the Victorian public.

A Christmas Carol. A Christmas Carol. In Prose. Being a Ghost Story of Christmas, commonly known as A Christmas Carol, is a novella by Charles Dickens, first published in London by Chapman & Hall in 1843 and illustrated by John Leech.

A Christmas Carol recounts the story of Ebenezer Scrooge, an elderly miser who is visited by the ghost of his former business partner Jacob Marley and the spirits of Christmas Past, Present and Yet to Come.

Some writers, including Grace Moore, the Dickens scholar, consider that there is a Christian theme running through A Christmas Carol, and that the novella should be seen as an allegory of the Christian concept of redemption.

In 1901 it was produced as Scrooge, or, Marley's Ghost, a silent black-and-white British film; it was one of the first known adaptations of a Dickens work on film, but it is now largely lost.

Dickens had written three Christmas stories prior to the novella, and was inspired following a visit to the Field Lane Ragged School, one of several establishments for London's street children.

Dickens wrote A Christmas Carol in response to British social attitudes towards poverty, particularly child poverty, and wished to use the novella as a means to put forward his arguments against it.

British-made films showed a traditional telling of the story, while US-made works showed Cratchit in a more central role, escaping the depression caused by European bankers and celebrating what Davis calls "the Christmas of the common man".

The Christmas tree had been introduced in Britain during the 18th century, and its use was popularised by Queen Victoria and Prince Albert.

Some of Dickens's scenes—such as visiting the miners and lighthouse keepers—have been forgotten by many, while other events often added—such as Scrooge visiting the Cratchits on Christmas Day—are now thought by many to be part of the original story.

The novella A Christmas Carol by Charles Dickens, a.k.a. a Ghost Story of Christmas, popularised the now common phrase "Merry Christmas."


Beauty pageant festivals inside Iran were not held after the 1979 revolution, and the last selection ceremony of the "beauty queen of Iran" was held in 1978 in this country.

Since then, a high number of Iranian girls participated in the Beauty pageant and Miss Universe outside of Iran.

History | Since the 1979 Islamic Revolution

The election results were widely disputed, and resulted in widespread protests, both within Iran and in major cities outside the country, and the creation of the Iranian Green Movement.

Iranian scientists outside Iran have also made some major contributions to science.

Iran has the largest Jewish population in the Middle East outside of Israel.

In 2016, Iran made global headlines for international female champions boycotting tournaments in Iran in chess (U.S. Woman Grandmaster Nazí Paikidze) and in shooting (Indian world champion Heena Sidhu), as they refused to enter a country where they would be forced to wear a hijab.

In 999, large portions of Iran came briefly under the rule of the Ghaznavids, whose rulers were of mamluk Turkic origin, and longer subsequently under the Seljuk and Khwarezmian empires.

Government and politics | Military | Mandatory military service

The conscription exempted women from military service after 1979 revolution.

Cyrus entered Babylon and presented himself as a traditional Mesopotamian monarch.

Government and politics | Foreign relations

Since the time of the 1979 Revolution, Iran's foreign relations have often been portrayed as being based on two strategic principles; eliminating outside influences in the region, and pursuing extensive diplomatic contacts with developing and non-aligned countries.

Iran no longer has beauty pageants and women must enter them outside of the country.


King and crusader | Coronation and anti-Jewish violence

Among those killed was Jacob of Orléans, a respected Jewish scholar.

Tradition barred all Jews and women from the investiture, but some Jewish leaders arrived to present gifts for the new king.

When a rumour spread that Richard had ordered all Jews to be killed, the people of London attacked the Jewish population.

Many Jewish homes were destroyed by arsonists, and several Jews were forcibly converted.

Richard also allied with Humphrey IV of Toron, Isabella's first husband, from whom she had been forcibly divorced in 1190.

In the first half of 1192, he and his troops refortified Ascalon.

Early life and accession in Aquitaine | Final years of Henry II's reign

Richard first destroyed and looted the farms and lands surrounding the fortress, leaving its defenders no reinforcements or lines of retreat.

Early life and accession in Aquitaine | Childhood

Little is known about Richard's education.

Richard first grew close to her at a tournament held in her native Navarre.

The lack of any direct heirs from Richard was the first step in the dissolution of the Angevin Empire.

Richard the First was known for his compassion for the Jewish people's of the land.


Aniston was born on February 11, 1969, in the Los Angeles neighborhood of Sherman Oaks, the daughter of Greek-born actor John Aniston and actress Nancy Dow.

Aniston's godfather was actor Telly Savalas, one of her father's best friends.

Jennifer Joanna Aniston (born February 11, 1969) is an American actress, film producer, and businesswoman.

Career | Recent roles and return to television (2014–present)

Aniston won the Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Drama Series, and was nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama Series and two Golden Globe Awards for Best Actress – Television Series Drama and Best Television Series – Drama as the series' producer.

" For her portrayal, Aniston was nominated for the Critics' Choice Movie Award for Best Actress, Golden Globe Award for Best Actress in a Motion Picture – Drama, and SAG Award for Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Leading Role.

Career | Friends and breakout (1994–2004)

The actress received five Primetime Emmy Award nominations (two for Supporting Actress, three for Lead Actress), including a win for Lead Actress.

Aniston's biggest commercial success in film has been the comedy

Divorced from actor Brad Pitt, to whom she was married for five years, Aniston is separated from actor Justin Theroux, whom she married in 2015.

Original plans called for the perfume to be named "Lolavie by Jennifer Aniston", but to avoid confusion with a similarly named perfume, the name was changed to simply "Jennifer Aniston".

She was romantically involved with actor Tate Donovan.

The actress Jennifer Aniston's father was an actor.


Winesburg, Ohio (full title: Winesburg, Ohio: A Group of Tales of Ohio Small-Town Life) is a 1919 short story cycle by the American author Sherwood Anderson.

It is set in the fictional town of Winesburg, Ohio (not to be confused with the actual Winesburg), which is based loosely on the author's childhood memories of Clyde, Ohio.

It is widely acknowledged that the fictional model of the book's town, Winesburg, is based on Sherwood Anderson's boyhood memories of Clyde, Ohio, where Anderson lived between the ages of eight and nineteen (1884–1896), and not the actual town of Winesburg, Ohio.

In 2008 Winesburg, Ohio, a filmed adaptation of the novel, was produced by Jennifer Granville.

Literary and cultural connections | In film

Daniel Nearing's 2009 independent film Chicago Heights was based on Winesburg, Ohio.

A companion documentary, Lost in Winesburg, directed by Tommy Britt, examined the legacy of Anderson's book by documenting present day small town Ohio and the attempt to adapt Anderson's book for the screen by the local community and Ohio University students, alumni, staff and faculty.

A direct relationship between the real Clyde and the fictional Winesburg, however, remains the supposition of scholars.

A loose musical adaptation of Winesburg, Ohio written by Kevin Kuhlke with music by Heaven Phillips premiered in 2003 as Winesburg: Small Town Life at the Perseverance Theatre in Juneau, Alaska.

Noted film critic Roger Ebert said "it is a beautiful book, and has inspired this beautiful film," and later listed Chicago Heights among the Best Art Films of 2010.

Literary and cultural connections | In television

In the 13th and final episode of the 6th Season of the Netflix series, Orange is the New Black, the character Nicky Nichols is seen carrying a copy of Winesburg, Ohio. Nathaniel Halpern, the writer of the 2020 Amazon television series Tales from the Loop, drew inspiration from Winesburg, Ohio, its themes of loneliness and isolation, and its focus on small town characters.

Winesburg, Ohio is a film about a fictional town in Ohio.


One of nine children, Guerrero is the younger brother of ex-major leaguer Wilton Guerrero, who also played with the Montreal Expos (the two were teammates for several seasons).

His son, Vladimir Guerrero Jr., was born in Montreal, Canada in 1999 during the elder Guerrero's time with the Expos.

Career | Dominican Professional Baseball League

He started playing in the Dominican Professional Baseball League with the San Pedro de Macorís team Estrellas Orientales.

Vladimir Alvino Guerrero Sr. (born February 9, 1975), is a Dominican former professional baseball player and Hall of Famer, who spent 16 seasons in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a right fielder and designated hitter.

Having played his last game in 2011, he became eligible for induction to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 2017.

He only played eight games with Tigres logging a batting average of .188 without a home run.

Guerrero was named to the Dominican Republic's roster for the 2006 World Baseball Classic, although he eventually withdrew due to the death of three cousins in a car accident immediately before the tournament.

Guerrero's 2003 season was shortened due to a back injury.

That contest is also significant, in that it marks Guerrero's first multi-hit game.

Despite Guerrero's freeswinging style, he never struck out 100 times in a season.

Vladimir Guerrero's brother does not play baseball.


A star tennis player in Joliet, he accepted a tennis scholarship to attend Tuskegee Institute, where he graduated with a Bachelor of Science degree in economics.

Lionel Brockman Richie Jr. (born June 20, 1949) is an American singer, songwriter, composer, multi-instrumentalist, record producer and actor.

They signed a recording contract with Atlantic Records in 1968 for one record before moving on to Motown Records initially as a support act to The Jackson 5.

In May 2017, Lionel Richie was honored at Berklee College of Music during the 2017 Commencement Concert where graduating students performed a medley of his discography.

He composed "Lady" for Kenny Rogers, which hit No. 1 in 1980, and produced Rogers' album Share Your Love the following year.

In October 2017, it was reported that Lionel Richie had secured the rights to produce a Curtis Mayfield biopic.

His recordings with the Commodores and in his solo career made him one of the most successful balladeers of the 1980s.

On October 18, 1975, Richie married his college sweetheart, Brenda Harvey.

Over the course of his career, Richie has sold over 90 million records worldwide, making him one of the world's best-selling artists of all time.

In an interview with American Songwriter magazine, Richie stated "I'm just gonna stand next to them again with great country artists and hug them." After years of mediocre sales in the U.S., the album returned him to the top of the Billboard 200 chart, his first number one album there for more than 25 years, and achieved Platinum status within six weeks of release.

Lionel Richie, an American singer, songwriter, composer, multi-instrumentalist, record producer and actor, went to college on a tennis scholarship.


In October 2017, Twitter banned the Russian media outlets RT and Sputnik from advertising on their website following the conclusions of the U.S. national intelligence report the previous January that both Sputnik and RT had been used as vehicles for Russia's interference in the 2016 US presidential election.

In October 2019, Twitter announced it would stop running political ads on its ad platform effective 22 November.

In April 2013, Twitter announced that its Twitter Ads self-service platform, consisting of promoted tweets and promoted accounts, was available to all U.S. users without an invite.

Appearance and features | Adding and following content

There are numerous tools for adding content, monitoring content and conversations including Twitter's own TweetDeck, Salesforce.com, HootSuite, and Twitterfeed.com.

User accounts | Privacy, security and harassment

Twitter announced new reporting and blocking policies in December 2014, including a blocking mechanism devised by Randi Harper, a target of GamerGate.

On August 3, 2016, Twitter launched Instant Unlock Card, a new feature that encourages people to tweet about a brand in order to earn rewards and utilize the social media network's conversational ads.

In July 2014, Twitter announced that it intended to buy a young company called CardSpring for an undisclosed sum.

A result of the Iranian election protests saw the government of Iran block Twitter in censorship.

Appearance and features | Account archival | New machine-readable archive format

Another disadvantage is that one can only generate one of these archives per 30 days.

Appearance and features | Tweets | Format | Twitter Lists

In late 2009, the "Twitter Lists" feature was added, making it possible for users to follow ad hoc lists of authors instead of individual authors.

Twitter blocked Putin-controlled media outlets from buying ads on the platform.


The Han dynasty (Chinese: 漢朝; pinyin: Hàncháo) was the second imperial dynasty of China (202 BC–220 AD), preceded by the short-lived Qin dynasty (221–206 BC) and a warring interregnum known as the Chu-Han contention (206–202 BC), and succeeded by the Three Kingdoms period (220–280 AD).

Spanning over four centuries, the Han period is considered a golden age in Chinese history.

China's first imperial dynasty was the Qin dynasty (221–207 BC).

This formally ended the Han dynasty and initiated an age of conflict between three states: Cao Wei, Eastern Wu, and Shu Han.

The Han dynasty saw an age of economic prosperity and witnessed a significant growth of the money economy first established during the Zhou dynasty (c. 1050–256 BC).

Science and technology | Cartography, ships, and vehicles

Although ox-carts and chariots were previously used in China, the wheelbarrow was first used in Han China in the 1st century BC.

Culture and society | Education, literature, and philosophy

The Imperial University grew in importance as the student body grew to over 30,000 by the 2nd century AD.

Science and technology | Mechanical and hydraulic engineering

The chain pump was first mentioned in China by the philosopher Wang Chong in his 1st-century Balanced Discourse.

Shao challenged Cao Cao for control over the emperor.

At the beginning of the Han dynasty, every male commoner aged twenty-three was liable for conscription into the military.

The Han dynasty was the first imperial dynasty of China spanning over four centuries, and is considered a golden age in Chinese history.


George Washington was born February 22, 1732, at Popes Creek in Westmoreland County, Virginia, and was the first of six children of Augustine and Mary Ball Washington.

Colonial military career (1752–1758) | French and Indian War

This incident ignited the French and Indian War, which later became part of the larger Seven Years' War.

The Writings of George Washington from the Original Manuscript Sources, 1745–1799 (1931–1944) is a 39-volume set edited by John Clement Fitzpatrick, who was commissioned by the George Washington Bicentennial Commission.

Historical reputation and legacy | Memorials | Universities

Numerous universities, including George Washington University and Washington University in St. Louis, were named in honor of Washington.

Commander in chief (1775–1783) | Battle of Long Island

Howe, emboldened by his Long Island victory, dispatched Washington as "George Washington, Esq.", in futility to negotiate peace.

In May, having set up a defensive position at Great Meadows, he learned that the French had made camp seven miles (11 km) away; he decided to take the offensive.

The outer vault has the sarcophagi of both George and Martha Washington; the inner vault has the remains of other Washington family members and relatives.

Historical reputation and legacy | Memorials | Currency and postage

George Washington appears on contemporary U.S. currency, including the one-dollar bill and the quarter-dollar coin (the Washington quarter).

Commander in chief (1775–1783) | Demobilization and resignation

On November 25, the British evacuated New York City, and Washington and Governor George Clinton took possession.

On January 1, 1801, one year after George Washington's death, Martha Washington signed an order freeing his slaves.

Georges Washington had seven siblings.


His parents did not approve of him playing baseball on Sundays, so Haines used to sneak away, hiding his uniform in a corn crib and changing clothes in a cornfield.

Haines wanted to play baseball for the local team in Phillipsburg.

Soon thereafter, he was signed to play for a minor league team in Dayton.

He left town to play semipro baseball in Dayton in 1912.

Jesse Joseph Haines (July 22, 1893 – August 5, 1978), nicknamed "Pop", was a right-handed pitcher in for the Cincinnati Reds and St. Louis Cardinals of Major League Baseball (MLB).

During his minor league days, Haines married Carrie M. Weidner.

They had one child. Haines became a fixture in the Cardinals starting rotation in 1920.

After a lengthy stint in minor league baseball, he played briefly in 1918, then from 1920 to 1937.

Spending several seasons in minor league baseball, Haines also pitched for teams in Saginaw, Fort Wayne, Springfield, Topeka and Tulsa.

By June, he made relief pitching appearances three days in a row.

Jesse Haines told his first team that he wouldn't be able to play baseball on the Lord's Day.


Chromatography was first employed in Russia by the Italian-born scientist Mikhail Tsvet in 1900.

Chromatography is a laboratory technique for the separation of a mixture.

The mixture is dissolved in a fluid called the mobile phase, which carries it through a structure holding another material called the stationary phase.

This is also called effluent.

Techniques by chromatographic bed shape | Planar chromatography | Thin-layer chromatography (TLC)

Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) is a widely employed laboratory technique used to separate different biochemicals on the basis of their relative attractions to the stationary and mobile phases.

Techniques by chromatographic bed shape | Column chromatography

In 1978, W. Clark Still introduced a modified version of column chromatography called flash column chromatography (flash).

In the case of an optimal separation, different peaks or patterns on the chromatogram correspond to different components of the separated mixture.

The various constituents of the mixture travel at different speeds, causing them to separate.

The purpose of preparative chromatography is to separate the components of a mixture for later use, and is thus a form of purification.

It is also normally what is needed from the mixture.

The laboratory technique for the separation of a mixture called chromatography was invented in 1900.


In 2014, he was inducted into the St. Louis Cardinals Hall of Fame Museum.

After retiring in 1937 with a 210–158 win-loss record, Haines was a coach with the Brooklyn Dodgers in 1938.

After failing to gain more than 8.3% of the votes for induction into the Baseball Hall of Fame over a 12-year period, Haines was voted in by the Veterans Committee in 1970.

He was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1970.

Across his minor league career, he compiled a 107–61 record and 1.93 ERA over 187 games.

In January 2014, the Cardinals announced Haines among 22 former players and personnel to be inducted into the St. Louis Cardinals Hall of Fame Museum for the inaugural class of 2014.

After the committee selected Haines, Frisch commented that Haines was "a worthy, worthy man... a great competitor, a fine fellow off and on the field." Sabermetrician Bill James has listed Haines as one of ten examples of Hall of Fame inductees who do not deserve the honor.

Despite a 13–20 record, he pitched 3012⁄3 innings, the highest output of his career, and recorded a 2.98 ERA.

Jesse Joseph Haines (July 22, 1893 – August 5, 1978), nicknamed "Pop", was a right-handed pitcher in for the Cincinnati Reds and St. Louis Cardinals of Major League Baseball (MLB).

He retired with a 210–158 record, 981 strikeouts, 3.64 ERA, and 32082⁄3 innings pitched.

Jesse Haines had over a .500 record and is a member of a hall of fame.


Covertly financed and directed by the U.S. government, the operation took place at the height of the Cold War, and its failure led to major shifts in international relations between Cuba, the United States, and the Soviet Union.

Later analysis | Invasion legacy in Cuba

The conference was titled Bay of Pigs: 40 Years After.

The hypothesis of a landing at the Bay of Pigs, or the invasion of Cuba, had political and economic causes.

Richard M. Bissell Jr. was charged with overseeing plans for the Bay of Pigs Invasion.

Immediately following the Bay of Pigs invasion, the Kennedy Administration considered complete trade restrictions with Cuba.

Prelude to invasion | Fleet sets sail (14 April)

Under cover of darkness, the invasion fleet set sail from Puerto Cabezas, Nicaragua and headed towards the Bay of Pigs on the night of 14 April.

A flotilla containing equipment that broadcast sounds and other effects of a shipborne invasion landing provided the source of Cuban reports that briefly lured Fidel Castro away from the Bay of Pigs battlefront area.

On the night of 17 April, the main invasion force landed on the beach at Playa Girón in the Bay of Pigs, where it overwhelmed a local revolutionary militia.

Historians often attest the Bay of Pigs fiasco made Castro even more popular, adding nationalistic sentiments in support of his economic policies.

Rasenberger elaborated on the fact that almost every decision that was made by Kennedy following the Bay of Pigs had some correlation with the destruction of the Castro administration.

The ships were to return to the Bay of Pigs the following day to unload more ammunition, however the captains of the Atlantico and Caribe decided to abandon the invasion and head out to open sea fearing further air attacks by the FAR.

The Bay of Pigs invasion was financed and organized by Canada.


The son of Hungarian immigrants, Medwick was born and raised in Carteret, New Jersey.

Upon being asked by the Pope what his vocation was, Medwick replied, "Your Holiness, I'm Joe Medwick.

When asked about the incident after the game, Medwick replied, "I knew why they threw them.

University of Notre Dame football coach Knute Rockne made arrangements for Medwick to play football there, however Medwick decided to forgo college and enter professional baseball.

When Medwick strode forward, the ball hit him in the temple and rendered him unconscious.

Medwick remains the only known player to be thrown out of a game for his own personal safety.

Medwick helped lead the Dodgers to a pennant in 1941, but had lost much of his dominance.

" Medwick died in 1975 of a heart attack in St. Petersburg, Florida.

Medwick entered professional baseball with the Scottdale Scotties of the Middle Atlantic League in 1930.

Though Medwick swung at any pitch near the strike zone, he was difficult to strike out.

Joe Medwick is from Manchester.


He excelled in baseball, basketball, football, and track at Carteret High School.

Joe Medwick did shine in other sports such as basketball.


Manuel Antonio Rodolfo Quinn Oaxaca (April 21, 1915 – June 3, 2001), known professionally as Anthony Quinn, was a Mexican-American actor, painter, writer and film director who achieved international renown.

In Quinn's autobiography, The Original Sin: A Self-portrait by Anthony Quinn, he denied being the son of an "Irish adventurer" and attributed that tale to Hollywood publicists.

1966).In the 1970s, during his marriage to Addolori, Quinn also had two children with an event producer in Los Angeles named Friedel Dunbar: Sean Quinn (born February 7, 1973) and Alexander Anthony Quinn (born December 30, 1976).

Named Desire on Broadway. In 1947, he became a naturalized citizen of the United States.

1996).In 1994 Quinn played the role of Zeus in five television movies focusing on the legendary journeys of Hercules.

Quinn's subsequent television appearances were sporadic, including Jesus of Nazareth.

In 1971, after the success of a TV movie named The City, where Quinn played Mayor Thomas Jefferson Alcala, he starred in the television series, The Man and the City.

In addition, he received two Academy Award nominations in the Best Leading Actor category, along with five Golden Globe nominations and two BAFTA Award nominations.

Quinn's first wife was the adopted daughter of Cecil B. DeMille, actress Katherine DeMille; they wed in 1937.

His widow, Katherine Benvin Quinn, established the Anthony Quinn Foundation which advocates the importance of arts in education.

Art critic Donald Kuspit explains, "Examining Quinn's many expressions of creativity together—his art, collecting, and acting—we can see that he was a creative genius".

Anthony Quinn's full name has five words in it.