She was named for her father's favorite character—Ethel in William Makepeace Thackeray's The Newcomes.

A devout Catholic, Ethel Barrymore never remarried.

The Ethel Barrymore Theatre in New York City is named for her.

Ethel Barrymore (born Ethel Mae Blythe; August 15, 1879 – June 18, 1959) was an American actress and a member of the Barrymore family of actors.

In 1928, the Shuberts opened the Ethel Barrymore Theatre, which operates under that name to the present day.

Barrymore was born Ethel Mae Blythe in Philadelphia, the second child of the actors Maurice Barrymore (whose real name was Herbert Blythe) and Georgiana Drew.

After her season in London, Ethel returned to the U.S.

Ethel Barrymore died of cardiovascular disease on June 18, 1959, at her home in Hollywood, after having lived for many years with a heart condition.

Winston and Ethel remained friends until the end of her life.

Men everywhere were smitten with Ethel, most notably Winston Churchill, who asked her to marry him.

Film and broadcasting career | Television

In 1956, she hosted 14 episodes of the TV series Ethel Barrymore Theatre, produced by the DuMont Television Network and presented on the DuMont flagship station WABD just as the network was folding.

Ethel Barrymore was called Ethel because of a fictional person her dad liked.


Originally a hip hop group, their musical style has evolved to include a wide range of genres.

The group's name, BTS, stands for the Korean expression Bangtan Sonyeondan (Korean: 방탄소년단; Hanja: 防彈少年團), literally meaning "Bulletproof Boy Scouts".

BTS (Korean: 방탄소년단; RR: Bangtan Sonyeondan), also known as the Bangtan Boys, is a seven-member South Korean boy band who began formation in 2010 and debuted in 2013.

In the entertainment sector, BTS published the webtoons Hip Hop Monster and We

Career | 2010–2014: Formation and early years

BTS was originally supposed to be a hip-hop group similar to YG Entertainment's 1TYM, but between their initial formation and their debut, Bang Si-hyuk decided that the contemporary youth needed instead "a hero who can lend them a shoulder to lean on, even without speaking a single word".

Career | 2019: Map of the Soul: Persona, stadium world tour and BTS World

The band also released the song "Heartbeat" with a music video from the game's official soundtrack, titled BTS World: Original Soundtrack.

You Never Walk Alone, future bass, Latin pop, and jazz hip hop in their Love

Career | 2014–2015: Moderate success and first concert tour

Musically, the album fused the grungy electric guitar sounds of rock within the framework of hip-hop and continued to expand their sound towards

2” failed to chart. In 2 Cool 4 Skool, BTS employed an old-school hip-hop sound with scratches from the 1980s-90s and excessively fierce visuals.

Career | 2017: International expansion and collaborations

Sonically, the EP served as "a dual exploration of the group's electro-pop and hip-hop leanings," with the first half consisting of “dance tracks that emphasize the group's vocals" while in the second half "the act's hip-hop side arrives in earnest...delivering powerful rap performances." Commercially, BTS continued to hit new career heights with the Love Yourself: Her EP, debuting at number seven on the Billboard 200 with 31,000 album-equivalent units.

Bangtan Sonyeondan or BTS  was originally a hip hop band.


Backstreet Boys  (often abbreviated as BSB) is an American vocal group, formed in Orlando, Florida in 1993.

History | 2004–06: Never Gone and Richardson's departure

The Backstreet Boys entered the studios in January 2004 to start recording the new album.

History | 2000–01: Black and Blue and The Hits – Chapter One

On January 28, 2001, the Backstreet Boys performed the American national anthem at the Super Bowl XXXV in Tampa, Florida.

The Backstreet Boys began the first leg of their Never Gone Tour on July 22, 2005, in West Palm Beach, Florida.

History | 2011–12: NKOTBSB and Richardson's return

The Backstreet Boys moved into a house together all by themselves in July 2012 as they started working on their new album with producer Martin Terefe in London.

The advertising promoted back-to-school sweepstakes which gave each of five fans the chance to win a $2,000 Sears shopping spree with their favorite Backstreet Boys member, and a trip for four to the group's concert on December 1, 1999, in Tampa, Florida.

History | 2015–present: Dead 7 film, Las Vegas residency, and DNA

On September 23, the Backstreet Boys confirmed their Vegas residency show happening in 2017, titled Backstreet Boys: Larger Than Life.

The commercials started airing in May 2014.

The Backstreet Boys have always prided themselves as a vocal harmony group and not a boy band.

History | 1998–99: Millennium and superstardom

The day was also declared as Backstreet Boys Day in Orlando.

The Backstreet Boys started in Florida.


Faulkner's fifth novel, it is consistently ranked among the best novels of 20th-century literature.

It is the story of the death of Addie Bundren and her poor, rural family's quest and motivations—noble or selfish—to honor her wish to be buried in her hometown of Jefferson, Mississippi.

As I Lay Dying is a 1930 Southern Gothic novel by American author William Faulkner.

As I Lay Dying helped to solidify Faulkner's reputation as a pioneer, like James Joyce and Virginia Woolf, of stream of consciousness.

The title derives from Book XI of Homer's Odyssey (William Marris's 1925 translation) , wherein Agamemnon tells Odysseus: "As I lay dying, the woman with the dog's eyes would not close my eyes as I descended into Hades." The novel utilizes stream of consciousness writing technique, multiple narrators, and varying chapter lengths.

Faulkner works the narrative technique by manipulating conventional differences between stream of consciousness and interior monologue.

As I Lay Dying derived its name from this novel.

As I Lay Dying is consistently ranked among the best novels of 20th-century literature.

Franco viewed it as a challenge because the novel was described as a story impossible to be transformed into a film due to the multi-narrative voices within it.

This is directly playing with conventions of interior monologues because, as Dorrit Cohn states in Transparent Minds: Narrative Modes for Presenting Consciousness in Fiction, the language in the interior monologue is "like the language a character speaks to others ... it accords with his time, his place, his social station, level of intelligence ... " The novel helped found the Southern Renaissance and directs a great deal of effort as it progresses to reflections on being and existence, the existential metaphysics of everyday life.

As I Lay Dying is a 1930 Southern Gothic fifth novel by American author William Faulkner about a southern lady in dire circumstances and her final wish as death approaches describing her stream of consciousness.


It is defined as the work needed to accelerate a body of a given mass from rest to its stated velocity.

Several mathematical descriptions of kinetic energy exist that describe it in the appropriate physical situation.

Newtonian kinetic energy | Kinetic energy of rigid bodies

In classical mechanics, the kinetic energy of a point object (an object so small that its mass can be assumed to exist at one point), or a non-rotating rigid body depends on the mass of the body as well as its speed.

Newtonian kinetic energy | Rotating bodies

this equation the moment of inertia must be taken about an axis through the center of mass and the rotation measured by ω must be around that axis; more general equations exist for systems where the object is subject to wobble due to its eccentric shape).

Newtonian kinetic energy | Kinetic energy of systems

The kinetic energy of the system is the sum of the kinetic energies of the bodies it contains.

kinetic energy, i.e.,                         F

\displaystyle Fs={\frac {1}{2}}mv^{2}}   Since the kinetic energy increases with the square of the speed, an object doubling its speed has four times as much kinetic energy.

The kinetic energy of any entity depends on the reference frame in which it is measured.

Newtonian kinetic energy | Rotation in systems

Er is the rotational energy or angular kinetic energy in

the rest frameThus the kinetic energy of a tennis ball in flight is the kinetic energy due to its rotation, plus the kinetic energy due to its translation.

The kinetic energy is equal to 1/2 the product of the mass and the square of the speed.

Kinetic energy exists in your vehicle even in the parking lot.


In 1861, Victor Emmanuel II declared the Kingdom of Italy, making Cavour  Prime Minister of Italy.

After the declaration of a united Kingdom of Italy, Cavour took office as the first Prime Minister of Italy; he died after only three months in office, and thus did not live to see Venetia or Rome added to the new Italian nation.

These issues would become known as the "Roman Question".

In his spare time, he again traveled extensively, mostly in France and the United Kingdom.

Biography | Prime minister of Piedmont–Sardinia

Cavour formed a coalition with Urbano Rattazzi known as the Connubio ("union"), uniting the moderate men of the Right and of the Left, and brought about the fall of the d'Azeglio cabinet in November 1852.

Camillo Benso was born in Turin during Napoleonic rule, into a family that had gained a fair amount of land during the French occupation.

He was one of the leaders of the Historical Right, and Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Piedmont–Sardinia, a position he maintained (except for a six-month resignation) throughout the Second Italian War of Independence and Garibaldi's campaigns to unite Italy.

In 1865, the Collegio dei Nobili, the oldest high school in Turin (founded 1568), and among the oldest and most prominent ones in Italy, was renamed the Liceo Ginnasio statale "Camillo Benso di Cavour" (Liceo classico Cavour).

On 7 September he entered Naples, at that time the largest city in Italy, and unilaterally declared Victor Emmanuel the King of Italy.

Most Italians thought Rome must be capital of a united Italy, but this conflicted with the temporal power of the Pope and also the independence of the Church.

Camillo Benso was the first Prime Minister of Italy after its declaration to become a united kingdom was brought into effect.


The most successful London club, they have won 13 League titles (including one unbeaten league title), a record 13 FA Cups, two League Cups, 15 FA Community Shields, the League Centenary Trophy, one UEFA Cup Winners' Cup and one Inter-Cities Fairs Cup.

Arsenal have the seventh highest average attendance of European football clubs only behind Borussia Dortmund, FC Barcelona, Manchester United, Real Madrid, Bayern Munich, and Schalke.

Arsenal Women are the most successful team in English women's football having won a total of 58 trophies.

The club is one of only six clubs to have won the FA Cup twice in succession, in 2002 and 2003, and 2014 and 2015.

In 1891, Royal Arsenal became the first London club to turn professional.

As one of the most successful teams in the country, Arsenal have often featured when football is depicted in the arts in Britain.

History | 1953–1986: Mediocrity, Mee and Neill

Even former England captain Billy Wright could not bring the club any success as manager, in a stint between 1962 and 1966.

The club enjoyed further success in the 1930s, winning another FA Cup and five Football League First Division titles.

Arsenal became ineligible for the London Cups when the club turned professional in 1891, and rarely participated in County Cups after this.

Arsenal Football Club is a professional football club based in Islington, London, England, that plays in the Premier League, the top flight of English football.

The Arsenal F.C. is the most successful London club.


There are no samples of the Earth's core available for direct measurement, as there are for the Earth's mantle.

In 2011, Smirnov and others published an analysis of the paleomagnetism in a large sample of rocks that formed in the Neoarchean (2.8 to 2.5 billion years ago) and the Proterozoic (2.5 to 0.541 billion).

Other researchers claim that the properties of the inner core's surface vary from place to place across distances as small as 1 km.

In 2015, Biggin and others published the analysis of an extensive and carefully selected set of Precambrian samples and observed a prominent increase in the Earth's magnetic field strength and variance around 1–1.5 billion years ago.

In 2001, S. Labrosse and others, assuming that there were no radioactive elements in the core, gave an estimate of 1±0.5 billion years for the age of the inner core — considerably less than the estimated age of the Earth and of its liquid core (about 4.5 billion years) In 2003, the same group concluded that, if the core contained a reasonable amount of radioactive elements, the inner core's age could be a few hundred million years older.

An analysis of rock samples from the Ediacaran epoch (formed about 565 million years ago), published by Bono and others in 2019, revealed unusually low intensity and two distinct directions for the geomagnetic field during that time that provides support for the predictions by Driscoll (2016).

A few years later, in 1940, it was hypothesized that this inner core was made of solid iron.

In 2005, they and J. Zhang compared recordings of "seismic doublets" (recordings by the same station of earthquakes occurring in the same location on the opposite side of the Earth, years apart), and revised that estimate to 0.3 to 0.5 degree per year.

With some assumptions on the evolution of the Earth, they conclude that the fluid motions in the outer core would have entered resonance with the tidal forces at several times in the past (3.0, 1.8, and 0.3 billion years ago).

In 2012, theoretical computations by M. Pozzo and others indicated that the electrical conductivity of iron and other hypothetical core materials, at the high pressures and temperatures expected there, were two or three times higher than assumed in previous research.

Researchers have a good understanding of the inner core of the Earth from years of sampling.


Second Quarto (Q2): In 1604 Nicholas Ling published, and James Roberts printed, the second quarto, under the same name as the first.

Each surviving edition differs from the others: First Quarto (Q1): In 1603 the booksellers Nicholas Ling and John Trundell published, and Valentine Simmes printed, the so-called "bad" first quarto, under the name The Tragicall Historie of Hamlet Prince of Denmarke.

Q2 is the longest early edition, although it omits about 77 lines found in F1 (most likely to avoid offending James I's queen, Anne of Denmark).

Q1 contains just over half of the text of the later second quarto.

Three different early versions of the play are extant: the First Quarto (Q1, 1603); the Second Quarto (Q2, 1604); and the First Folio (F1, 1623).

Performance history | Film and TV performances

Kenneth Branagh adapted, directed, and starred in a 1996 film version of Hamlet that contained material from the First Folio and the Second Quarto.

After begging the queen to stop sleeping with Claudius, Hamlet leaves, dragging Polonius's corpse away.

Performance history | Restoration and 18th century

His performance was said to be 20 minutes longer than anyone else's, and his lengthy pauses provoked the suggestion by Richard Brinsley Sheridan that "music should be played between the words".

As he enters to do so, the king and queen finish welcoming Rosencrantz and Guildenstern, two student acquaintances of Hamlet, to Elsinore.

Editors have combined them in an effort to create one "inclusive" text that reflects an imagined "ideal" of Shakespeare's original.

The second Quarto of Hamlet was originally longer but lines were omitted to avoid offending the Queen, Anne of Denmark.


The Knights' primary demand was for the eight-hour workday.

The Knights promoted the social and cultural uplift of the working man, and demanded the eight-hour day.

When the Knights in Wyoming refused to work more hours in 1885, the railroad hired Chinese workers as strikebreakers and to stir up racial animosity.

The only woman to hold office in the Knights of Labor, Leonora Barry, worked as an investigator.

The Knights frequently included music in their regular meetings, and encouraged local members to write and perform their work.

The KOL appealed to them because they worked very closely with the Irish Land League.

These reports made Barry the first person to collect national statistics on the American working woman.

In Chicago, James and Emily Talmadge, printers and supporters of the Knights of Labor, published the songbook "Labor Songs Dedicated to the Knights of Labor" (1885).

Knights of Labor (K of L), officially Noble and Holy Order of the Knights of Labor, was an American labor federation active in the late 19th century, especially the 1880s.

Though often overlooked, the Knights of Labor contributed to the tradition of labor protest songs in America.

Knights of Labor did ask for the 8 hours a day of work.


Professional career | Pittsburgh Pirates

In 1898, Wagner won a distance contest in Louisville by throwing a baseball more than 403 feet (123 m).

Professional career | Louisville Colonels

I'm sitting on the bench the first day I reported, and along about the third inning an opposing batter smacks a line drive down the third-base line that looked like at least a sure double.

Professional career | 1903 and 1909 World Series

They had me by a foot. You just booted the play, so come on, let's play ball.

In 1901, the American League began to sign National League players, creating a bidding war, which depleted the league of many talented players.

This grieved the Dutchman deeply, for I don't know a ball player in either league who would assay less

He notes that the league ERA of 2.35 was the lowest of the dead ball era and about half of the ERAs of modern baseball.

Well, this big Louisville third baseman jumped over after it like he was on steel springs, slapped it down with his bare hand, scrambled after it at least ten feet, and fired a bullet over to first base.

In 1901, he threw a ball 404 feet in competition.


Later, it was learned there was a third bomber in the crowd.

In 1866, Alexander II took a mistress, Princess Catherine Dolgorukaya, with whom he would father three surviving children.

Mark Twain describes a short visit with Alexander II in Chapter 37 of The Innocents Abroad, describing him as "very tall and spare, and a determined-looking man, though a very pleasant-looking one nevertheless.

On 13 March [O.S. 1 March] 1881, Alexander fell victim to an assassination plot in Saint Petersburg.

Alexander II (Russian: Алекса́ндр II Никола́евич, tr.

The New York Times (4 March 1880) reported "the dynamite used was enclosed in an iron box, and exploded by a system of clockwork used by the man Thomas in Bremen some years ago." However, dinner had been delayed by the late arrival of the tsar's nephew, the Prince of Bulgaria, so the tsar and his family were not in the dining room at the time of the explosion and were unharmed.

The anti-Jewish attacks play an important role in the novel's plot.

Radicals complained he did not go far enough, and he became a target for numerous assassination plots.

Alexander II is still regarded as "The Good Tsar" in Finland.

Reign | Reforms | Emancipation of the serfs

Alexander II succeeded to the throne upon the death of his father in 1855.

The measure was the first and most important of the liberal reforms made by Alexander II.

The plot that dispatched Alexander II utilized no less than three man with concealed explosives.


During the Suez Crisis of 1956, he condemned the Israeli, British, and French invasion of Egypt, and he forced them to withdraw.

Presidency (1953–1961) | Foreign policy | The Middle East and Eisenhower doctrine

Egypt and Syria, supported by the Soviet Union, openly opposed the initiative.

Legacy and memory | Tributes and memorials

The Interstate Highway System is officially known as the "Dwight D. Eisenhower National System of Interstate and Defense Highways" in his honor.

In 1999 the United States Congress created the Dwight D. Eisenhower Memorial Commission, to create an enduring national memorial in Washington, D.C..

After the United States entered World War II, Eisenhower oversaw the invasions of North Africa and Sicily before supervising the invasions of France and Germany.

Dwight D. Eisenhower School for National Security and Resource Strategy is a senior war college of the Department of Defense's National Defense University in Washington, DC.

Major Dwight D. Eisenhower graduated from the Army Industrial College (Washington, DC) in 1933 and later served on the faculty (it was later expanded to become the Industrial College of the Armed Services and is now known as the Dwight D. Eisenhower School for National Security and Resource Strategy).His primary duty was planning for the next war, which proved most difficult in the midst of the Great Depression.

However, Egypt received American aid until the Six-Day War in 1967.As

World War II | Liberation of France and victory in Europe

Washington refused to support Churchill's plan to use Eisenhower's army for political maneuvers against Moscow.

Once the coastal assault had succeeded, Eisenhower insisted on retaining personal control over the land battle strategy, and was immersed in the command and supply of multiple assaults through France on Germany.

He publicly disavowed his allies at the United Nations, and used financial and diplomatic pressure to make them withdraw from Egypt.

Dwight D. Eisenhower supported France entering Egypt.


The Theogony (Greek: Θεογονία, Theogonía, Attic Greek: [tʰeoɡoníaː], i.e. "the genealogy or birth of the gods") is a poem by Hesiod (8th – 7th century BC) describing the origins and genealogies of the Greek gods, composed c. 730–700 BC.

Zeus, by Gaia's advice, was elected king of the gods, and he apportioned various honors among the gods.

A great war was begun, the Titanomachy, between the new gods, Zeus and his siblings, and the old gods, Cronus and the Titans, for control of the cosmos.

One of the principal components of the Theogony is the presentation of the "Succession Myth".

Hesiod, impressed by necessity governing the ordering of things, discloses a definite pattern in the genesis and appearance of the gods.

The world began with the spontaneous generation of four beings: first arose Chaos (Chasm); then came Gaia (Earth), "the ever-sure foundation of all"; "dim" Tartarus, in the depths of the Earth; and Eros (Desire) " fairest among the deathless gods".

If a thing is to be well established or founded, its arche or static point must be secure, and the most secure foundations are those provided by the gods: the indestructible, immutable, and eternal ordering of things.

Hesiod's Theogony is a large-scale synthesis of a vast variety of local Greek traditions concerning the gods, organized as a narrative that tells how they came to be and how they established permanent control over the cosmos.

In ancient Greek philosophy, arche is the element or first principle of all things, a permanent nature or substance which is conserved in the generation of the rest of it.

Thales (7th – 6th century BC), the first Greek philosopher, claimed that the first principle of all things is water.

This is a piece detailing the deaths of the gods of Greek myth.


Design and construction process | Design, style, and symbolism

foundry Gaget, Gauthier & Co., Viollet-le-Duc chose the metal which would be used for the skin, copper sheets, and the method used to shape it, repoussé, in which the sheets were heated and then struck with wooden hammers.

After dedication | Renovation and rededication (1982–2000)

when cast iron replacements for some of the bars had been installed, much of the corrosion had been hidden by layers of paint applied over the years.

After dedication | Early National Park Service years (1933–1982)

Rusted cast-iron steps in the pedestal were replaced with new ones made of reinforced concrete; the upper parts of the stairways within the statue were replaced, as well.

Design and construction process | Origin

The Port Said Lighthouse was built instead, by François Coignet in 1869.

In order to honor these achievements, Laboulaye proposed that a gift be built for the United States on behalf of France.

Access and attributes | Inscriptions, plaques, and dedications

A plaque on the copper just under the figure in front declares that it is a colossal statue representing Liberty, designed by Bartholdi and built by the Paris firm of Gaget, Gauthier et

Design and construction process | Construction in France

He had originally expected to assemble the skin on-site as the masonry pier was built; instead, he decided to build the statue in France and have it disassembled and transported to the United States for reassembly in place on Bedloe's Island.

Design and construction process | Dedication

Shove the Bartholdi statue, torch and all, into the ocean until the "liberty" of this country is such as to make it possible for an inoffensive and industrious colored man to earn a respectable living for himself and family, without being ku-kluxed, perhaps murdered, his daughter and wife outraged, and his property destroyed.

After dedication | Lighthouse Board and War Department (1886–1933)

Carloads of dynamite and other explosives that were being sent to Britain and France for their war efforts were detonated, and five people were killed.

The defiant lion, 73 feet (22 m) long and half that in height, displays an emotional quality characteristic of Romanticism, which Bartholdi would later bring to the Statue of Liberty.

In after-dinner conversation at his home near Versailles, Laboulaye, an ardent supporter of the Union in the American Civil War, is supposed to have said: "If a monument should rise in the United States, as a memorial to their independence, I should think it only natural if it were built by united effort—a common work of both our nations.

The Statue of Liberty was originally to be built from cast iron.


Personal life | Marriages and relationships

A botched abortion at the age of 15 had resulted in complications which left Stanwyck unable to have children, according to her biographer.

Taylor had romantic affairs, and there were unsubstantiated rumors about Stanwyck having had affairs as well.

She became a picture star. She is Barbara Stanwyck.

The Barbara Stanwyck Show was not a ratings success, but it earned her an Emmy Award.

Louis B. Mayer had insisted on the two stars marrying and went as far as presiding over arrangements at the wedding.

At the suggestion of David Belasco, Ruby changed her name to Barbara Stanwyck by combining the first name from the play Barbara Frietchie with the last name of the actress in the play, Jane Stanwyck; both were found on a 1906 theater program.

"In Stella Dallas (1937) she plays the self-sacrificing title character who eventually allows her teenage daughter to live a better life somewhere else.

Stanwyck was also the vulnerable, invalid wife that overhears her own murder being plotted in Sorry, Wrong Number (1948) and the doomed concert pianist in The Other Love (1947).

After she moved into television in the 1960s, she won three Emmy Awards – for The Barbara Stanwyck Show (1961), the western series

She was billed in the series' opening credits as "Miss Barbara Stanwyck" for her role as Victoria, the widowed matriarch of the wealthy Barkley family.

Barbara Stanwyck (born Ruby Catherine Stevens; July 16, 1907 – January 20, 1990) was an American actress, model and dancer.

Barbara Stanwyck was not able to have kids due to a procedure that went wrong while she was a teenager.


Iron Maiden are an English heavy metal band formed in Leyton, East London, in 1975 by bassist and primary songwriter Steve Harris.

Afterwards, Iron Maiden fired Purkis and replaced him with Doug Sampson.

History | Record contract and early releases (1978–1981)

Shortly afterwards, Doug Sampson left due to health issues, and was replaced by ex-Samson drummer Clive Burr at Stratton's suggestion on 26 December 1979.

Harris, Murray, and Sampson spent the summer and autumn of 1978 rehearsing while they searched for a singer to complete the band's new line-up.

Iron Maiden. Iron Maiden. Vision On. ISBN 978-1-846-09445-3.

Iron Maiden: Iron Maiden: Running Free. Hal Leonard Corp. ISBN 978-0-946-39184-4.

The Iron Maidens Bushell, Gary (1985).

Prato, Greg (2015). Iron Maiden: '

Transformers author Bill Forster is an avowed Iron Maiden fan and made several Iron Maiden references, including song lyrics and the phrase "Up the Irons" in his books, including The Ark series and The AllSpark Almanac series.

Iron Maiden also appeared, to much acclaim, at the Reading Festival 1980.

In 1981, Iron Maiden released their second studio album, Killers.

Iron Maiden was started by Doug Sampson.


There is still no direct evidence about the composition of the inner core.

The temperature of the inner core can be estimated from the melting temperature of impure iron at the pressure which iron is under at the boundary of the inner core (about 330 GPa).

They speculated that the change could be due to the birth of Earth's solid inner core.

Almost all direct measurements that scientists have about the physical properties of the inner core are the seismic waves that pass through it.

Some scientists have therefore considered whether there may be slow convection in the inner core (as is believed to exist in the mantle).

They further speculate that the change may have been due to growth of the solid inner core between 3.5 and 2 billion years ago.

Many scientists had initially expected that the inner core would be found to be homogeneous, because that same process should have proceeded uniformly during its entire formation.

Considering other evidence of high frequency of magnetic field reversals around that time, they speculate that those anomalies could be due to the onset of formation of the inner core, which would then be 0.5 billion years old.

Earth's inner core is the innermost geologic layer of the Earth.

Other sources of information about the inner core include  The magnetic field of the Earth.

That density implies a mass of about 1023 kg for the inner core, which is 1/60 (1.7%) of the mass of the whole Earth.

It is widely believed that the Earth's solid inner core formed out of an initially completely liquid core as the Earth cooled down.

Scientists can only speculate about the inner core of the Earth.


Federalists called for war, and Democratic-Republicans were left without an effective argument against them, having miscalculated the reason for Adams' secrecy.

The XYZ Affair was a political and diplomatic episode in 1797 and 1798, early in the presidency of John Adams, involving a confrontation between the United States and Republican France that led to the Quasi-War.

Z. The use of these disguising letters led the business to immediately become known as the "XYZ Affair.

Popular opinion in the United States on relations with France was divided along largely political lines: Federalists took a hard line, favoring a defensive buildup but not necessarily advocating war, while Democratic-Republicans expressed solidarity with the republican ideals of the French revolutionaries and did not want to be seen as cooperating with the Federalist Adams administration.

American relations during a special session to be held that May.

Talleyrand was called to the Directory to account for his role in the affair.

Reaction in the United States | Partisan responses

Federalists were otherwise divided on the question of war, and the Democratic-Republicans painted hawkish Federalists as warmongers seeking to undermine the republic by military means.

Democratic-Republican leaders in Congress, believing Adams had exaggerated the French position because he sought war, united with hawkish Federalists to demand the release of the commissioners' dispatches.

Gerry, in his private report on the affair to Adams in 1799, claimed credit for maintaining the peace, and for influencing significant changes in French policy that lessened the hostilities and eventually brought a peace treaty.

They also attacked the Democratic-Republicans for their pro-French stance, and Gerry (a nonpartisan at the time) for what they saw as his role in the commission's failure.

During the XYZ Affair, the republicans wanted to go to war with France.


For the sound of wind in the storm as the ship rounds Cape Horn, King devised a wooden frame rigged with one thousand feet of line and set it in the back of a pickup truck.

"The Far Side of the World (Master and Commander)".

McGregor, Tom (2003). The Making of Master and Commander: The Far Side of the World.

Master and Commander: The Far Side of the World is a 2003 American epic period war-drama film co-written, produced and directed by Peter Weir, set in the Napoleonic Wars.

Sound designer Richard King earned Master and Commander an Oscar for its sound effects by going to great lengths to record realistic sounds, particularly for the battle scenes and the storm scenes.

The film combines elements from 13 different novels of Patrick O'Brian, but the basic plot mostly comes from The Far Side of the World.

The film is drawn from the Aubrey-Maturin novels by Patrick O'Brian, but matches the events in no one novel.

They also recorded the sounds of bar shot and grape shot passing overhead, and later mixed the sounds of all three types of shot for the battle scenes.

Instead, they returned to Los Angeles and there recorded sounds of wooden barrels being destroyed.

King sometimes added the "crack" of a rifle shot to punctuate the sound of a cannonball hitting a ship's hull.

For the film Master and Commander: The Far Side of the World, sound engineers recreated what ropes on sails would have sounded like on the ocean.


Brubeck died of heart failure on December 5, 2012, in Norwalk, Connecticut, one day before his 92nd birthday.

He was on his way to a cardiology appointment, accompanied by his son Darius.

What began as a special archive, consisting of the personal document collection of the Brubecks, has since expanded to provide fellowships and educational opportunities in jazz for students, also leading to having one of the main streets on which the school resides named in his honor, Dave Brubeck Way.

Many of his compositions have become jazz standards including "In Your Own Sweet Way" and "The Duke".

He created one of the U.S. armed forces' first racially integrated bands, "The Wolfpack".

Appearing on one of the top-selling jazz albums, Time Out, and written in 54 time

noted that he "was one of Jazz's first pop stars", even though he was not always happy with his fame.

In 2010, Bruce Ricker and Clint Eastwood produced Dave Brubeck: In His Own Sweet Way, a documentary about Brubeck for Turner Classic Movies (TCM) to commemorate his 90th birthday in December 2010.

Please go there. Stop wasting my time and yours." Later, Brubeck was nearly expelled when one of his professors discovered that he could not read music on sight.

Mayor Dan Helix favorably recalled one of his performances at the park, saying: "He will be with us forever because his music will never die."While

Brubeck passed due to cardiac arrest on his way to see his cardiologist.


Therefore, in 2002 they introduced a new crest featuring more modern curved lines and a simplified style, which was copyrightable.

Arsenal eventually sought a more comprehensive legal protection.

Although the club had managed to register the crest as a trademark, and had fought (and eventually won) a long legal battle with a local street trader who sold "unofficial" Arsenal merchandise,

The celebrations included a modified version of the current crest worn on their jerseys for the season.

Akers currently holds the role of Honorary President of Arsenal Women.

Because of the numerous revisions of the crest, Arsenal were unable to copyright it.

The new crest was criticised by some supporters; the Arsenal Independent Supporters' Association claimed that the club had ignored much of Arsenal's history and tradition with such a radical modern design, and that fans had not been properly consulted on the issue.

From 1967, a white cannon was regularly worn on the shirts, until replaced by the club crest, sometimes with the addition of the nickname "The Gunners", in the 1990s.

To complete the crest, 1886 and 2011 are shown on either sides of the motto "Forward" at the bottom of the crest.

Founded as Arsenal Ladies F.C. in 1987 by Vic Akers, they turned semi-professional in 2002 and are currently managed by Clair Wheatley.

This was dropped after the move to Highbury in 1913, only to be reinstated in 1922, when the club adopted a crest featuring a single cannon, pointing eastwards, with the club's nickname, The Gunners, inscribed alongside it; this crest only lasted until 1925, when the cannon was reversed to point westward and its barrel slimmed down.

Arsenal Football Club (F.C.)'s current crest is legally protected.


The review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes reported an approval rating of 85% with an average score of 7.61/10, based on 468 reviews.

Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "A" on an A+ to F scale, while PostTrak reported filmgoers gave it an 87% overall positive score and a 68% "definite recommend".

Likewise, Zacharek said, "There's no pacing in Avengers: Infinity War.

Gleiberman also praised the film's action sequences, saying "Infinity War brims with tensely spectacular combat sequences, even if the question of who's going to win each one has that extravagantly arbitrary could-Mighty-Mouse-beat-up-Superman? quality".

criticized the film's reliance on other films in the Marvel Cinematic Universe, saying, "Considered on its own, as a single, nearly 2-hour-40-minute movie, Avengers: Infinity War makes very little sense", but conceded that it "was never meant to be viewed or judged in isolation".

Harvey stated that he "didn't plan on seeing it this many times it just sort of happened" adding that Infinity War "just felt so different to anything I've ever seen before, and I just love it so much so have been going as much as I can!"The

In 2016, Marvel shortened the title to Avengers: Infinity War.

In January 2018, Marvel Comics published a two-issue prequel comic titled Avengers: Infinity War Prelude, which serves as a bridge between Captain America: Civil War and Avengers: Infinity War.

"Avengers: Infinity War ably juggles a dizzying array of MCU heroes in the fight against their gravest threat yet, and the result is a thrilling, emotionally resonant blockbuster that (mostly) realizes its gargantuan ambitions.

McCarthy called the scale of the action "astonishing", and Travers wrote, "Avengers: Infinity War leaves viewers up in the air, feeling exhilarated and cheated at the same time, aching for a closure that never comes".

The film was announced in October 2014 as Avengers: Infinity War – Part 1.

Avengers: Infinity War was originally scheduled to be released on May 4, 2018 in the United States.

Avengers: Infinity War was loved by everyone, even the critics.


Set during Christmas 1183 at Henry II of England's castle in Chinon, Anjou, Angevin Empire, the play opens with the arrival of Henry's wife Eleanor of Aquitaine, whom he has had imprisoned since 1173.

The Lion in Winter is a 1966 play by James Goldman, depicting the personal and political conflicts of Henry II of England, his wife Eleanor of Aquitaine, their children and their guests during Christmas 1183.

Dramatic adaptations | Pastiches and parodies

The Fox TV drama Empire is explicitly based on The Lion in Winter.

The Lion in Winter is fictional and none of the dialogue and actions are historical; there was not a Christmas Court at Chinon in 1183.

A radio parody of The Lion in Winter entitled The Leopard in Autumn by Neil Anthony was originally broadcast in BBC Radio 4 in 2001 and 2002 and

Henry II, King of England (Male, 50) –

The Lion in Winter is set in 12th century England.


Early life and accession in Aquitaine | Childhood

As a younger son of King Henry II, he was not expected to ascend to the throne.

Early life and accession in Aquitaine | Final years of Henry II's reign

The following year, Richard attempted to take the throne of England for himself by joining Philip's expedition against his father.

He remains one of the few kings of England remembered more commonly by his epithet than his regnal number, and is an enduring iconic figure both in England and in France.

The coat of three lions continues to represent England on several coins of the pound sterling, forms the basis of several emblems of English national sports teams (such as the England national football team, and the team's "Three Lions" anthem), and endures as one of the most recognisable national symbols of England.

Despite this alliance between the Plantagenets and the Capetians, the dynasty on the French throne, the two houses were sometimes in conflict.

Two days later Henry II died in Chinon, and Richard the Lionheart succeeded him as King of England, Duke of Normandy, and Count of Anjou.

During his ten years' reign, he was in England for no more than six months, and was totally absent for the last five years.

Richard produced no legitimate heirs and acknowledged only one illegitimate son, Philip of Cognac.

Richard did have at least one illegitimate child, and there are reports on his sexual relations with local women during his campaigns.

Richard was born on 8 September 1157, probably at Beaumont Palace, in Oxford, England, son of King Henry II of England and Duchess Eleanor of Aquitaine.

Richard I of England was not supposed to reign on the throne.


George Edward Waddell (October 13, 1876 – April 1, 1914) was an American southpaw pitcher in Major League Baseball (MLB).

After his major league career was over, Waddell pitched for parts of three more years in the minor leagues, including a 20-win season for the Minneapolis Millers in 1911.

He played with various football teams in his later years and had a brief stint as a goalkeeper in the St. Louis Soccer League.

That same year, while in Minneapolis, he was diagnosed with tuberculosis and moved to live with his sister in San Antonio, Texas.

Over a career spanning 13 years, he played for the Louisville Colonels, Pittsburgh Pirates, and Chicago Orphans in the National League, as well as the Philadelphia Athletics and St. Louis Browns in the American League.

However, he never played for the football Athletics.

Shortly after the 1902 baseball season, reports indicated Waddell would play for Connie Mack's Athletics football team.

He actually did so only in exhibition games since official baseball rules prohibit playing with fewer than nine men on the field in regulation play.

His performance in The Stain of Guilt was notable in that his co-stars, who had realized that he was incapable of memorizing his lines, allowed him to improvise his lines for every show; the play was critically acclaimed and was much discussed for a scene in which Waddell lifted the actor playing the villain and threw him across the stage with ease.

He was supposed to be pretty good, but we never found out." Waddell returned to his family's home in Pennsylvania and played with local football clubs there.

While in spring training with the Millers, Waddell helped save the city of Hickman, Kentucky from a devastating flood in the spring of 1912.

Waddell only played for thirteen years.


After serving in the U.S. Navy in 1945 and part of 1946, he came back to play for the Fort Worth Cats that year, and also for St. Paul in 1947.

He was a strong-armed quarterback, who reportedly could throw the football 70 yards.

Snider, Duke; Gilbert, Bill (1988).

The Duke Snider Story. Julian Messner, Inc.

Born in Los Angeles, Snider was nicknamed "Duke" by his father at age 5.

Edwin Donald "Duke" Snider (September 19, 1926 – February 27, 2011), nicknamed "The Silver Fox" and "The Duke of Flatbush", was an American professional baseball player.

The Duke Of Flatbush. Citadel.

On April 16, 1963, Snider recorded his 2,000th hit, doing so at Crosley Field against the Cincinnati Reds on a single off Jim Maloney in the 2nd inning.

He entered the game as a pinch hitter for Tommy Davis in the top of the ninth inning.

On June 14, he recorded his 400th home run, once again against the Reds, doing so in the first inning off Bob Purkey.

Duke Snider served in the United States Armed Forces.


Saturn is the only planet of the Solar System that is less dense than water—about 30% less.

It only has one-eighth the average density of Earth; however, with its larger volume, Saturn is over 95 times more massive.

Although Saturn's core is considerably denser than water, the average specific density of the planet is 0.69 g/cm3 due to the atmosphere.

One hypothesis is that the rings are remnants of a destroyed moon of Saturn.

With an average orbital speed of 9.68 km/s, it takes Saturn 10,759 Earth days (or about 29 1⁄2 years) to finish one revolution around the Sun.

Saturn's magnetic field strength is around one-twentieth of Jupiter's.

The Moon's orbit is inclined by several degrees relative to Saturn's, so occultations will only occur when Saturn is near one of the points in the sky where the two planes intersect (both the length of Saturn's year and the 18.6-Earth year nodal precession period of the Moon's orbit influence the periodicity).

Both the Earth and Saturn orbit the Sun on eccentric orbits, which means their distances from the Sun vary over time, and therefore so do their distances from each other, hence varying the brightness of Saturn from one opposition to the next.

Evidence of this possibility includes the satellite's salt-rich particles having an "ocean-like" composition that indicates most of Enceladus's expelled ice comes from the evaporation of liquid salt water.

Physical characteristics | Magnetosphere

Its strength at the equator – 0.2 gauss (20 µT) – is approximately one twentieth of that of the field around Jupiter and slightly weaker than Earth's magnetic field.

Saturn is one of two planets that on average have less density than water.


My Fair Lady has been called "the perfect musical".

My Fair Lady is a musical based on George Bernard Shaw's 1913 play Pygmalion, with book and lyrics by Alan Jay Lerner and music by Frederick Loewe.

Recalling that the Gershwins' 1925 musical Tell Me More had been titled My Fair Lady in its out-of-town tryout, and also had a musical number under that title, Lerner made a courtesy call to Ira Gershwin, alerting him to the use of the title for the Lerner and Loewe musical.

After Shaw died in 1950, Pascal asked lyricist Alan Jay Lerner to write the musical adaptation.

In the mid-1930s, film producer Gabriel Pascal acquired the rights to produce film versions of several of George Bernard Shaw's plays, Pygmalion among them.

Lerner settled on the title My Fair Lady, relating both to one of Shaw's provisional titles for Pygmalion, Fair Eliza, and to the final line of every verse of the nursery rhyme "London Bridge Is Falling Down".

However, Chase Manhattan Bank was in charge of Pascal's estate, and the musical rights to Pygmalion were sought both by Lerner and Loewe and by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, whose executives called Lerner to discourage him from challenging the studio.

Lerner agreed, and he and his partner Frederick Loewe began work.

The revival was produced by Cameron Mackintosh and directed by the author, Alan Jay Lerner.

Many people, including Oscar Hammerstein II, who, with Richard Rodgers, had also tried his hand at adapting Pygmalion into a musical and had given up, told Lerner that converting the play to a musical was impossible, so he and Loewe abandoned the project for two years.

My Fair Lady is a musical based on George Bernard Shaw's 1913 play Pygmalion, with book and lyrics by Alan Jay Lerner and music by Frederick Loewe, and has been called "the perfect musical".


He currently serves as a special assistant to the General Manager of the Detroit Tigers.

Managerial and coaching career | Return to Detroit Tigers

During the 2015 season, Trammell served as interim first-base coach when Omar Vizquel temporarily left the team on bereavement leave.

Trammell continues to serve as a special assistant to current Tigers' general manager Al Avila.

On November 3, 2014, it was announced that Trammell would return to Detroit as a special assistant to Tigers' general manager Dave Dombrowski.

Managerial and coaching career | Detroit Tigers

Alan Trammell was named the manager of a struggling Tigers team on October 9, 2002.

Playing career | Later years, injuries and retirement

He served as the bench coach for the Arizona Diamondbacks under former teammate Kirk Gibson until returning to the Tigers in late 2014 as a special assistant to the general manager.

After his retirement, Trammell coached for Detroit (1999, hitting coach), the San Diego Padres (2000–2002, first base coach), and managed the Tigers (2003–2005).

He instead saw playing time at multiple defensive positions, including shortstop, third base, second base, left field, center field, and designated hitter.

While there was some media criticism regarding Trammell's managerial strategies and "nice" demeanor, others contend that he was a rookie manager put in charge of a team that was severely lacking in talent, and believe his managerial stint played an integral role in re-instilling professionalism and pride throughout the Detroit organization.

The team lost 119 games in his first season in 2003, an American League record, before posting a 72–90 record in 2004.

Trammell is an assistant for the Detroit Tigers and served as a 1st base coach temporarily when Vizquel left the team. l


It aired on NBC from March 24, 2005, to May 16, 2013, lasting a total of nine seasons.

In 2006, ten internet-exclusive webisodes featuring some of the characters on The Office aired on NBC.com. " Producer's Cuts" (containing approximately ten additional minutes of material) of the episodes "Branch Closing" and

Reception and legacy | Critical reviews and commentary

The last few seasons were criticized for a dip in quality.

The season starts with a brief flashback to (and additional footage from) the last episode of season 2, "Casino Night", when Jim kissed Pam and confessed his feelings for her.

It later named it the thirteenth most mentioned series on "Best of Decade" top-ten lists.

In the season finale, Dwight buys the office park.

The appearance of Second Life in the episode "Local Ad" was rated eighth in the top ten most effective product placements of 2007.

Time's James Poniewozik named it the second-best TV series of 2006, and the sixth-best returning series of 2007, out of ten TV series.

He had briefly considered using the idea for "The Dundies" as the pilot episode.

Some episodes of the series use a shortened version of the theme song.

The Office (US) did last for ten seasons.


A noted comedian, she won all five Golden Globes for which she was nominated.

Catherine Rosalind Russell (June 4, 1907 – November 28, 1976) was an American actress, comedian, screenwriter and singer, known for her role as fast-talking newspaper reporter Hildy Johnson in the Howard Hawks screwball comedy

The film was a major hit, boosting her career and establishing her reputation as a comedian.

Rosalind Russell has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame, in the 1700 block of Vine Street.

Russell scored a big hit on Broadway with her Tony Award-winning performance in Wonderful Town (1953), a musical version of her successful film of a decade earlier, My Sister Eileen.

Catherine Rosalind Russell was one of seven children born in Waterbury, Connecticut, to James Edward, a lawyer, and Clara A. Russell (née McKnight), a teacher.

In addition to her success as a comedic lead, Russell was known for playing dramatic characters, especially wealthy, dignified, ladylike women, being one of the few actresses of her time who regularly played professional women such as judges, reporters, and psychiatrists.

In 2009, the documentary film Life Is a Banquet: The Life of Rosalind Russell, narrated by Kathleen Turner, was shown at film festivals across the U.S. and on some PBS stations.

One critic wrote: "Rosalind Russell as the 'other woman' in the story gives an intelligent and deft handling to her scenes with Young." She quickly rose to fame, and by 1935, was seen as a replacement for actress Myrna Loy, as she took many roles for which Loy was initially set.

Patrick Dennis dedicated his second Auntie Mame novel Around the World with Auntie Mame to "the one and only Rosalind Russell" in 1958.She continued to appear in movies through the mid-1960s, including Picnic (1955), A Majority of One (1961), Five Finger Exercise (1962), Gypsy (1962), and The Trouble with Angels (1966).

Rosalind Russell was successful as a comedian.


The statue of Christ the Redeemer with open arms, a symbol of peace, was chosen.

In 1922, Landowski commissioned fellow Parisian Romanian sculptor Gheorghe Leonida, who studied sculpture at the Fine Arts Conservatory in Bucharest and in Italy.

Work included cleaning, replacing the mortar and soapstone on the exterior, restoring iron in the internal structure, and waterproofing the monument.

The statue's internal structure was renovated and its soapstone mosaic covering was restored by removing a crust of fungi and other microorganisms and repairing small cracks.

International desginers were not hired for desgining the sculpture.


Fifty Shades of Grey is a 2011 erotic romance novel by British author E. L. James.

In December 2012, it won both "Popular Fiction" and "Book of the Year" categories in the UK National Book Awards.

Salman Rushdie said about the book: "I've never read anything so badly written that got published.

The piece featured characters named after Twilight author Stephenie Meyer's characters in Twilight, Edward Cullen and Bella Swan.

The authors could not conclude whether women already experiencing these "problems" were drawn to the series, or if the series influenced these behaviours to occur after reading by creating underlying context.

It made Twilight look like War and Peace." Maureen Dowd described the book in The New York Times as being written "like a Brontë devoid of talent," and said it was "dull and poorly written." Jesse Kornbluth of The Huffington Post said: "As a reading experience, Fifty Shades ... is a sad joke, puny of plot".Princeton professor April Alliston wrote, "Though no literary masterpiece, Fifty Shades is more than parasitic fan fiction based on the recent Twilight vampire series." Entertainment Weekly writer Lisa Schwarzbaum gave the book a "B+" rating and praised it for being "in a class by itself.

On 1 August 2012, Amazon UK announced that it had sold more copies of Fifty Shades of Grey than it had any individual book in the Harry Potter series, though worldwide the Harry Potter series sold more than 450 million copies compared with Fifty Shades of Grey's sales of 60 million copies.

" British author Jenny Colgan in The Guardian wrote "It is jolly, eminently readable and as sweet and safe as BDSM (bondage, discipline, sadism and masochism) erotica can be without contravening the trade descriptions act" and also praised the book for being "more enjoyable" than other "literary erotic books".

Dr. Drew commented that the book was "horribly written" in addition to being "disturbing" but stated that "if the book enhances women's real-life sex lives and intimacy, so be it." In March 2012, branches of the public library in Brevard County, Florida, removed copies of Fifty Shades of Grey from their shelves, with an official statement that it did not meet the selection criteria for the library and that reviews for the book had been poor.

It was written by an author from the U.K.


By 1861, both of Wilson's parents had come to fully identify with the Southern United States and they supported the Confederacy during the American Civil War.

Wilson's parents gave him the nickname "Tommy", which he used through his undergraduate college years.

Prospect House, Wilson's residence during part of his tenure at Princeton, is also a National Historic Landmark.

Though Wilson's parents placed a high value on education, he struggled with reading and writing until the age of thirteen, possibly because of developmental dyslexia.

Presidency (1913−1921) | World War I | The Fourteen Points

In this goal, he was opposed not just by the Central Powers, but also the other Allied Powers, who, to various degrees, sought to win concessions and oppose a punitive peace agreement on the Central Powers.

The Woodrow Wilson Foundation was established to honor Wilson's legacy, but it was terminated in 1993.

His grandfather James Wilson published a pro-tariff and anti-slavery newspaper, The Western Herald and Gazette.

Saunders, Robert M. “History, Health and Herons: The Historiography of Woodrow Wilson's Personality and Decision-Making.”

Presidency (1913−1921) | New Freedom domestic agenda | Territories and immigration

Wilson's progressivism encouraged his belief that immigrants from Southern and Eastern Europe, though often poor and illiterate, could assimilate into a homogeneous white middle class, and he opposed the restrictive immigration policies that many members of both parties favored.

Presidency (1913−1921) | Aftermath of World War I | Ratification debate and incapacity

Fourteen senators, mostly Republicans, were known as the "irreconcilables" as they completely opposed U.S. entrance into the League of Nations.

Woodrow Wilson's parents staunchly opposed slavery and were part of the first abolitionists.


Faulkner's fifth novel, it is consistently ranked among the best novels of 20th-century literature.

As I Lay Dying derived its name from this novel.

As I Lay Dying helped to solidify Faulkner's reputation as a pioneer, like James Joyce and Virginia Woolf, of stream of consciousness.

As I Lay Dying is consistently ranked among the best novels of 20th-century literature.

As I Lay Dying is a 1930 Southern Gothic novel by American author William Faulkner.

Dying 35th on its list of the 100 best English-language novels of the 20th century.

The title derives from Book XI of Homer's Odyssey (William Marris's 1925 translation) , wherein Agamemnon tells Odysseus: "As I lay dying, the woman with the dog's eyes would not close my eyes as I descended into Hades." The novel utilizes stream of consciousness writing technique, multiple narrators, and varying chapter lengths.

In 1998, the Modern Library ranked As I Lay

The character Darl Bundren also appeared in Faulkner's 1935 short story "Uncle Willy".

He first used the technique in The Sound and the Fury, and it gives As I Lay

As I Lay Dying is Faulkner's 6th novel.


Gauss later solved this puzzle about his birthdate in the context of finding the date of Easter, deriving methods to compute the date in both past and future years.

His mother was illiterate and never recorded the date of his birth, remembering only that he had been born on a Wednesday, eight days before the Feast of the Ascension (which occurs 39 days after Easter).

Johann Carl Friedrich Gauss (; German: Gauß

Johann Carl Friedrich Gauss was born on 30 April 1777 in Brunswick (Braunschweig), in the Duchy of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel (now part of Lower Saxony, Germany), to poor, working-class parents.

Carl Friedrich Gauss, who also introduced the so-called Gaussian logarithms, sometimes gets confused with Friedrich Gustav Gauss (1829–1915), a German geologist, who also published some well-known logarithm tables used up into the early 1980s.

On Gauss's recommendation, Friedrich Bessel was awarded an honorary doctor degree from Göttingen in March 1811.

His mother lived in his house from 1817 until her death in 1839.Gauss eventually had conflicts with his sons.

[Introduces Gauss's lemma, uses it in the third proof of quadratic reciprocity]

Dunnington further elaborates on Gauss's religious views by writing: Gauss's religious consciousness was based on an insatiable thirst for truth and a deep feeling of justice extending to intellectual as well as material goods.

Two religious works which Gauss read frequently were Braubach's Seelenlehre (Giessen, 1843) and Süssmilch's Gottliche (Ordnung gerettet A756); he also devoted considerable time to the New Testament in the original Greek.

Potential evidence that Gauss believed in God comes from his response after solving a problem that had previously defeated him: "Finally, two days ago, I succeeded—not on account of my hard efforts, but by the grace of the Lord." One of his biographers, G. Waldo Dunnington, described Gauss's religious views as follows: For him science was the means of exposing the immortal nucleus of the human soul.

Carl Friedrich Gauss's mother could not read or write and he had to solve when he was born.


Newtonian kinetic energy | Frame of reference

The speed, and thus the kinetic energy of a single object is frame-dependent (relative): it can take any non-negative value, by choosing a suitable inertial frame of reference.

For example, a bullet passing an observer has kinetic energy in the reference frame of this observer.

For example, one would calculate the kinetic energy of an 80 kg mass (about 180 lbs) traveling at 18 metres per second (about 40 mph, or 65 km/h) as                                    E

In SI units, mass is measured in kilograms, speed in metres per second, and the resulting kinetic energy is in joules.

The standard unit of kinetic energy is the joule, while the imperial unit of kinetic energy is the foot-pound.

Having gained this energy during its acceleration, the body maintains this kinetic energy unless its speed changes.

Kinetic energy can be passed from one object to another.

Alternatively, the cyclist could connect a dynamo to one of the wheels and generate some electrical energy on the descent.

Newtonian kinetic energy | Kinetic energy of rigid bodies | Derivation

\cdot d\mathbf {p} \cdot d\mathbf {p} = \mathbf {v} \cdot d(m\mathbf {v} ) \cdot d\mathbf {p} \cdot d\mathbf {p} = \mathbf {v} \cdot d(m\mathbf {v} ) \,,}   where we have assumed the relationship p = m v and the validity of Newton's Second Law. (However, also see the special relativistic derivation below.) \cdot d\mathbf {p} \cdot d\mathbf {p} = \mathbf {v} \cdot d(m\mathbf {v} ) \cdot d\mathbf {p} \cdot d\mathbf {p} = \mathbf {v} \cdot d(m\mathbf {v} ) \,,}   where we have assumed the relationship p = m v and the validity of Newton's Second Law. (However, also see the special relativistic derivation below.) Applying the product rule we see that:                         d \cdot d\mathbf {p} \cdot d\mathbf {p} = \mathbf {v} \cdot d(m\mathbf {v} ) \cdot d\mathbf {p} \cdot d\mathbf {p} = \mathbf {v} \cdot d(m\mathbf {v} ) \,,}   where we have assumed the relationship p = m v and the validity of Newton's Second Law. (However, also see the special relativistic derivation below.) \cdot d\mathbf {p} \cdot d\mathbf {p} = \mathbf {v} \cdot d(m\mathbf {v} ) \cdot d\mathbf {p} \cdot d\mathbf {p} = \mathbf {v} \cdot d(m\mathbf {v} ) \,,}   where we have assumed the relationship p = m v and the validity of Newton's Second Law. (However, also see the special relativistic derivation below.) Applying the product rule we see that:                         d (                    v                  ⋅                    v                  )         = \cdot d\mathbf {p} \cdot d\mathbf {p} = \mathbf {v} \cdot d(m\mathbf {v} ) \cdot d\mathbf {p} \cdot d\mathbf {p} = \mathbf {v} \cdot d(m\mathbf {v} ) \,,}   where we have assumed the relationship p = m v and the validity of Newton's Second Law. (However, also see the special relativistic derivation below.) \cdot d\mathbf {p} \cdot d\mathbf {p} = \mathbf {v} \cdot d(m\mathbf {v} ) \cdot d\mathbf {p} \cdot d\mathbf {p} = \mathbf {v} \cdot d(m\mathbf {v} ) \,,}   where we have assumed the relationship p = m v and the validity of Newton's Second Law. (However, also see the special relativistic derivation below.) Applying the product rule we see that:                         d \cdot d\mathbf {p} \cdot d\mathbf {p} = \mathbf {v} \cdot d(m\mathbf {v} ) \cdot d\mathbf {p} \cdot d\mathbf {p} = \mathbf {v} \cdot d(m\mathbf {v} ) \,,}   where we have assumed the relationship p = m v and the validity of Newton's Second Law. (However, also see the special relativistic derivation below.) \cdot d\mathbf {p} \cdot d\mathbf {p} = \mathbf {v} \cdot d(m\mathbf {v} ) \cdot d\mathbf {p} \cdot d\mathbf {p} = \mathbf {v} \cdot d(m\mathbf {v} ) \,,}   where we have assumed the relationship p = m v and the validity of Newton's Second Law. (However, also see the special relativistic derivation below.) Applying the product rule we see that:                         d (                    v                  ⋅                    v                  )         = (         d                    v                  )         ⋅                    v                  +                    v                  ⋅ (         d                    v                  ) =

However the total energy of an isolated system, i.e. one in which energy can neither enter nor leave, does not change over time in the reference frame in which it is measured.

For one particle of mass m, the kinetic energy operator appears as a term in the Hamiltonian and is defined in terms of the more fundamental momentum operator                                                                p

In classical mechanics, the kinetic energy of a point object (an object so small that its mass can be assumed to exist at one point), or a non-rotating rigid body depends on the mass of the body as well as its speed.

A baseball thrown past a second baseman with a foot on the base does not have  kinetic energy in the eyes of the second baseman.


Vaughan Williams refused a knighthood at least once, and declined the post of Master of the King's Music after Elgar's death.

The one state honour he accepted was the Order of Merit in 1935, which confers no prenominal title: he preferred to remain "Dr Vaughan Williams".

The judges Sir Edward and Sir Roland Vaughan Williams were respectively Arthur's father and brother.

"In Kennedy's view the one-act Riders to the Sea (1925–1931, premiered 1937) is artistically Vaughan Williams's most successful opera; Saylor names Sir John in Love for that distinction, but rates Riders to the Sea as one of the composer's finest works in any genre.

In 1899 Vaughan Williams passed the examination for the degree of Doctor of Music at Cambridge; the title was formally conferred on him in 1901.

In addition to his love of poetry, Vaughan Williams's vocal music is inspired by his lifelong belief that the voice "can be made the medium of the best and deepest human emotion." Vaughan Williams was wary of conventional labels; his best known ballet is described on the title page as "a masque for dancing" and only one of his operatic works is categorised by the composer simply as an opera.

Arthur Vaughan Williams died suddenly in February 1875, and his widow took the children to live in her family home, Leith Hill Place, Wotton, Surrey.

During the war Vaughan Williams stopped writing music, and after returning to civilian life he took some time before feeling ready to compose new works.

In 1919 he accepted an invitation from Hugh Allen, who had succeeded Parry as director, to teach composition at the RCM; he remained on the faculty of the college for the next twenty years.

Music | Symphonies | Sea, London and Pastoral Symphonies (1910–1922)

The first three symphonies, to which Vaughan Williams assigned titles rather than numbers, form a sub-group within the nine, having programmatic elements, absent from the later six.

Williams accepted a knighthood proudly and took on the title Sir.


It was first published in English and French in the US by Reynal & Hitchcock in April 1943, and posthumously in France following the liberation of France as Saint-Exupéry's works had been banned by the Vichy Regime.

After France's defeat in 1940 and its armistice with Germany, he and Consuelo fled Occupied France and sojourned in North America, with Saint-Exupéry first arriving by himself at the very end of December 1940.

Most often the diminutive figure was expressed as "...a slip of a boy with a turned up nose, lots of hair, long baggy pants that were too short for him and with a long scarf that whipped in the wind.

" Addressing whether it was written for children or adults, Reynal & Hitchcock promoted it ambiguously, saying that as far as they were concerned "it's the new book by Saint-Exupéry", adding to its dustcover "There are few stories which in some way, in some degree, change the world forever for their readers.

Other: a number of musical references, game boards and a video game version of the novella have been released.

Commemorating the novella's 70th anniversary of publication, in conjunction with the 2014 Morgan Exhibition, Éditions Gallimard released a complete facsimile edition of Saint-Exupéry's original handwritten manuscript entitled Le Manuscrit du Petit Prince d'Antoine de Saint-Exupéry: Facsimilé et Transcription, edited by Alban Cerisier and Delphine Lacroix.

Honours and legacy | Numismatics and philatelic

Additionally, a 100-franc commemorative coin was also released in 2000, with Saint-Exupéry's image on its obverse, and that of the Little Prince on its reverse.

In a letter written to his sister Didi from the Western Sahara's Cape Juby, where he was the manager of an airmail stopover station in 1928, he tells of raising a fennec that he adored.

Another sequel titled The Return of the Little Prince was written by former actress Ysatis de Saint-Simone, niece of Consuelo de Saint Exupery.

Literary translations and printed editions | Spanish editions

Other Spanish editions have also been created; in 1956 the Mexican publisher Diana released its first edition of the book, El pequeño príncipe, a Spanish translation by José María Francés.

In 2015, a major new 3D film, combining computer animation and stop motion animation, was released as The Little Prince in English and Le Petit Prince in French.

This short story was written and released to the public in the 1940s.


Dreiser has often been critiqued for his writing style.

Though Dreiser has been criticized for his writing style and lack of formal education, Sister Carrie remains an influential example of naturalism and realism.

"In 1998, the Modern Library ranked Sister Carrie 33rd on its list of the 100 best English-language novels of the 20th century.

Lydon said that Dreiser's intent was to focus on the message of Sister Carrie, not on its writing style.

Theodore Dreiser is considered one of America's greatest naturalists, significant because he wrote at the early stages of the naturalist movement.

Dreiser fought against censorship of Sister Carrie, brought about because Carrie engaged in affairs and other "illicit sexual relationships" without suffering any consequences.

Sister Carrie went against social and moral norms of the time, as Dreiser presented his characters without judging them.

Sister Carrie was a movement away from the emphasis on morals of the Victorian era and focused more on realism and the base instincts of humans.

In 1930 Arnold Bennett said, "Dreiser simply does not know how to write, never did know, never wanted to know." Other critics called his style "vulgar", "uneven", "clumsy", "awkward", and "careless".

Mencken believed that Dreiser's raw, honest portrayal of Carrie's life should be seen as a courageous attempt to give the reader a realistic view of the life of women in the nineteenth century.

Sister Carrie, is written in the popular romantic style of the early 20th century.


Osborne committed £25 million of public money towards the film, claiming it was a boost for British culture and the film industry.

The Force Awakens is the first Star Wars film to not have a direct tie-in game to accompany it.

Star Wars: The Force Awakens (also known as Star Wars: Episode VII – The Force Awakens) is a 2015 American epic space opera film produced, co-written and directed by J. J. Abrams.

Star Wars: The Force Awakens grossed $936.7 million in the United States and Canada, and $1.132 billion in other countries for a worldwide total of $2.068 billion.

Star Wars: The Force Awakens received overwhelmingly positive reviews from critics.

Reception | Box office | Commercial analysis

The cost of the film was subsidized by £31.6 million (US$47 million) from the UK film incentive program.

Representatives from Lucasfilm met with Chancellor of the Exchequer George Osborne to agree to produce The Force Awakens in the UK.

"Certain critics found The Force Awakens derivative of the original Star Wars trilogy, some expressing their opinion that the film was essentially a remake of A New Hope.

The Star Wars franchise has traditionally lacked resonance with filmgoers in China, and marketing for The Force Awakens heavily focused on appealing to that market.

On December 17, 2015, select theaters across North America aired a Star Wars marathon, airing the six previous Star Wars episode films in 2D, followed by The Force Awakens in 3D. Attendees received a special lanyard featuring exclusive marathon art.

The U.K contributed twenty-five millions pounds toward the filming of Star Wars: The Force Awakens.


The Man Who Came to Dinner is a comedy in three acts by George S. Kaufman and Moss Hart.

The exposition reveals that the famously outlandish New York City radio wit Sheridan Whiteside ('Sherry' to his friends) is invited to dine at the house of the well-to-do factory owner Ernest W. Stanley and his family.

Kaufman and Hart wrote the play as a vehicle for their friend Alexander Woollcott, the model for the lead character Sheridan Whiteside.

He was well liked by both Kaufman and Hart, but that did not stop him from displaying the obnoxious characteristics displayed by Whiteside in the play.

At the time the play was written

Kaufman looked at Hart and the idea was born.

The character Bert Jefferson writes a play, and Whiteside promises to give it to Cornell for her to star in.

Drama Desk Award nominations went to Cook for Outstanding Featured Actor in a Play and Nye for Outstanding Featured Actress in a Play.

Woollcott did play Whiteside in the West Coast version of the play and was even joined by Harpo Marx, who portrayed his own referenced character, Banjo.

The song " The song " What Am I To Do" was written by Cole Porter specifically for the play.

Sheridan Whiteside was modeled on Alexander Woollcott.

The comedic play was written by Kaufman and Hart and features Sheridan Whiteside as the main character.


After eighteen and a half years in custody, Mary was found guilty of plotting to assassinate Elizabeth in 1586, and was beheaded the following year at Fotheringhay Castle.

Both Protestants and Catholics were shocked that Mary should marry the man accused of murdering her husband.

She later charged him with treason

Chastelard was tried for treason and beheaded.

Such accusations rest on assumptions, and Buchanan's biography is today discredited as "almost complete fantasy".

Escape and imprisonment in England | Trial

In October, she was put on trial for treason under the Act for the Queen's Safety before a court of 36 noblemen, including Cecil, Shrewsbury, and Walsingham.

She protested that she had been denied the opportunity to review the evidence, that her papers had been removed from her, that she was denied access to legal counsel and that as a foreign anointed queen she had never been an English subject and thus could not be convicted of treason.

Mary was horrified and banished him from Scotland.

Escape and imprisonment in England | Plots

Plots centred on Mary continued.

Childhood and early reign | Life in France

Mary was accompanied by her own court including two illegitimate half-brothers, and the "four Marys" (four girls her own age, all named Mary), who were the daughters of some of the noblest families in Scotland: Beaton, Seton, Fleming, and Livingston.

On 6 May, Mary and Bothwell returned to Edinburgh.

Mary was accused of treason and hanged.


It is 1935 and Waxahachie, Texas, is a small, segregated town in the midst of the Great Depression.

Places in the Heart grossed $274,279 in its opening weekend.

Places in the Heart was released in theatres on September 21, 1984.

Places in the Heart is a 1984 American drama film written and directed by Robert Benton about a Depression-era Texas widow who tries to save her family farm with the help of a blind white man and a poor black man.

It was filmed in Waxahachie, Texas, on Jack Davis' farm.

The consensus is: "Places in the Heart is a quiet character piece with grand ambitions that it more than fulfills, thanks to absorbing work from writer-director Robert Benton and a tremendous cast." Vincent Canby of The New York Times wrote in his review: "Robert Benton has made one of the best films in years about growing up American." Canby called it "moving and often funny" and "a tonic, a revivifying experience right down to the final images", comparing it to Luis Bunuel's Tristana".

Places in the heart happens in Lubbock, Texas.


The adaptation is faithful to the book, which itself has been commercially successful (hitting the New York Times bestseller list).

The Exorcist is a 1971 novel by American writer William Peter Blatty.

The Exorcist is an American media franchise that originated with William Peter Blatty's 1971 horror novel of the same name and most prominently featured in a 1973 film adapted from the novel, and many subsequent prequels and sequels.

As a result, the novel takes place in Washington D.C. near the campus of Georgetown University.

The novel was inspired by a 1949 case of demonic possession and exorcism that Blatty heard about while he was a student in the class of 1950 at Georgetown University.

In September 2011, the novel was reprinted by Harper Collins to celebrate its fortieth anniversary, with slight revisions made by Blatty as well as interior title artwork by Jeremy Caniglia.

It was made into the movie The Exorcist III in 1990.

The Exorcist is a 1973 American supernatural horror film directed by William Friedkin, adapted by William Peter Blatty from his 1971 novel of the same name, and starring Ellen Burstyn, Linda Blair, Max von Sydow, and Jason Miller.

The book details the demonic possession of twelve-year-old Regan MacNeil, the daughter of a famous actress, and the two priests who attempt to exorcise the demon.

It was published by Harper & Row.

In February 2008, American playwright John Pielmeier expressed an interest in adapting William Peter Blatty's novel of the same name into a play and soon met with Blatty.

The movie adaptation has little in common with the 1971 novel "The Exorcist".


Although it is one of only two landlocked countries in South America (the other is Bolivia), the country has coasts, beaches and ports on the Paraguay and Paraná rivers that give exit to the Atlantic Ocean through the Paraná-Paraguay Waterway.

Between 1970 and 2013, the country had the highest economic growth of South America, with an average rate of 7.2% per year.

In 2010 and 2013, Paraguay experienced the greatest economic expansion of South America, with a GDP growth rate of 14.5% and 13.6% respectively.

History | Independence and rule of Francia

He cut off relations between Paraguay and the rest of South America.

Winds play a major role in influencing Paraguay's weather: between October and March, warm winds blow from the Amazon Basin in the north, while the period between May and August brings cold winds from the Andes.

About 56% of Paraguayans live in urban areas, making Paraguay one of the least urbanized nations in South America.

Paraguay has one of the most prominent German communities in South America, with some 25,000 German-speaking Mennonites living in the Paraguayan Chaco.

More than 93% of Paraguayans are mestizos, making Paraguay one of the most homogeneous countries in Latin America.

Between 1904 and 1954 Paraguay had thirty-one presidents, most of whom were removed from office by force.

The work was continued by his son Francisco Solano and in terms of socio-economic development, the country was dubbed as "the most advanced Republic in South America", notably by the British judge and politician Sir Robert Phillimore.

Paraguay has the Pacific Ocean Coastline on its shores and had the highest economic growth between 1970 and 2013 in South America.


Since 1974, Dortmund have played their home games at Westfalenstadion; the stadium is the largest in Germany, and Dortmund has the highest average attendance of any association football club in the world.

Borussia Dortmund has the highest average attendance of any football club worldwide.

In terms of Deloitte's annual Football Money League, Dortmund was ranked as the second richest sports club in Germany, and the 12th richest football team in the world.

Founded in 1909 by eighteen football players from Dortmund, the football team is part of a large membership-based sports club with more than 145,000 members, making Borussia Dortmund the second largest sports club by membership in Germany.

It is best known for its men's professional football team, which plays in the Bundesliga, the top tier of the German football league system.

In 2014, it was estimated that each of the club's home games is attended by around 1,000 British spectators, drawn to the team by its low ticket prices compared to the Premier League.

During the 2006 World Cup, the stadium was referred to as "FIFA World Cup Stadium, Dortmund", while in UEFA club matches, it is known as "BVB Stadion Dortmund".

Professional football at Dortmund is run by the organisation Borussia Dortmund GmbH & Co. KGaA.

They had a brush with bankruptcy in 1929 when an attempt to boost the club's fortunes by signing some paid professional footballers failed miserably and left the team deep in debt.

On 17 May 2011, Borussia Dortmund held a charity game for the 2011 Japan earthquake and tsunami against "Team Japan".

Borussia Dortmund has the lowest average attendance of any football team in the world.


It is made of reinforced concrete and soapstone.

Christ the Redeemer (Portuguese: Cristo Redentor, standard Brazilian Portuguese: [ˈkɾistu ʁedenˈtoʁ], local pronunciation: [ˈkɾiɕtŭ̻ xe̞denˈtoɦ]) is an Art Deco statue of Jesus Christ in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, created by French sculptor Paul Landowski and built by Brazilian engineer Heitor da Silva Costa, in collaboration with French engineer Albert Caquot.

Local engineer Heitor da Silva Costa designed the statue.

French sculptor Paul Landowski created the work.

Christ the Redeemer in Rio Verde, Goiás, Brazil Christ in the Mount in Pitangui, Minas Gerais, Brazil

A group of engineers and technicians studied Landowski's submissions and felt building the structure of reinforced concrete (designed by Albert Caquot) instead of steel was more suitable for the cross-shaped statue.

Christ of the Ozarks in Arkansas, United States, inspired by Rio's Christ the Redeemer (20 m) Christ of Vũng Tàu in Vietnam (32 m) Christ the King in Świebodzin, Poland (33 m) Christ of the Ozarks in Arkansas, United States, inspired by Rio's Christ the Redeemer (20 m) Christ of Vũng Tàu in Vietnam (32 m) Christ the King in Świebodzin, Poland (33 m) Christ the Redeemer of the Andes (Argentina/Chile) Christ the Sacred Heart of Jesus, Ibiza, Spain, inspired by Christ the Redeemer (23 m) Cristo Blanco in Cusco, Peru

A symbol of Christianity across the world, the statue has also become a cultural icon of both Rio de Janeiro and Brazil, and is listed as one of the New7Wonders of the World.

In 1922, Landowski commissioned fellow Parisian Romanian sculptor Gheorghe Leonida, who studied sculpture at the Fine Arts Conservatory in Bucharest and in Italy.

Statue of Jesus Christ on the top of Sagrat Cor, Barcelona, Spain

Cristo del Otero in Palencia , Spain built in 1930 (21 m) Cristo Rey (statue, Mexico) located on the Cerro del Cubilete in Guanajuato, Mexico, inspired by Rio's Christ the Redeemer (23 m) Cristo Rey in Tenancingo, México, México (30 m) Christ Blessing in Manado, North Sulawesi, Indonesia (30 m) Christ of Havana in Havana, Cuba, inspired by Christ the Redeemer (20 m) Christ of the Abyss in various underwater locations

Christ the Redeemer (statue) is an Art Deco statue of Jesus Christ in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, created by French sculptor Paul Landowski and built by Brazilian engineer Heitor da Silva Costa, in collaboration with French engineer Albert Caquot made entirely of marble.


A Christmas Carol theatrical productions were playing in London.

According to Douglas-Fairhurst, contemporary reviews of A Christmas Carol "were almost uniformly kind".

" The reviewer for Tait's Edinburgh Magazine—Theodore Martin, who was usually critical of Dickens's work—spoke well of A Christmas Carol, noting it was "a noble book, finely felt and calculated to work much social good".

By the end of 1842 Dickens was a well-established author, having written six major works, as well as several short stories, novellas and other pieces.

Chapman and Hall issued second and third editions before the new year, and the book continued to sell well into 1844.

A Christmas Carol. A Christmas Carol. In Prose. Being a Ghost Story of Christmas, commonly known as A Christmas Carol, is a novella by Charles Dickens, first published in London by Chapman & Hall in 1843 and illustrated by John Leech.

He began A Christmas Carol in October 1843.

Production of A Christmas Carol was not without problems.

Dickens wrote A Christmas Carol during a period when the British were exploring and re-evaluating past Christmas traditions, including carols, and newer customs such as Christmas trees.

A Christmas Carol captured the zeitgeist of the mid-Victorian revival of the Christmas holiday.

A Christmas Carol was well received in the theater.


The monument was not forgotten completely, though folk stories gradually shifted from its past glory into more superstitious beliefs associated with bad luck and misery.

Stairways on the slopes of the hill also link the monument to the low-lying plain.

Upon returning to his palace, he fell ill and died one day later.

Borobudur has become the name of several establishments, such as Borobudur University, Borobudur Hotel in Central Jakarta, and several Indonesian restaurants abroad.

In Indonesian, ancient temples are referred to as candi; thus locals refer to "Borobudur Temple" as Candi Borobudur.

These findings A New Perspective on Some Old Questions Pertaining to Borobudur were published in the 2005 UNESCO publication titled "The Restoration of Borobudur".

Borobudur has since been preserved through several restorations.

Borobudur was likely founded around 800 AD.

His interest in Borobudur was more personal than official.

Borobudur is Indonesia's single most visited tourist attraction.

There are no known records of construction or the intended purpose of Borobudur.

Borobudur is linked to ill fortune.


The word Muggle has spread beyond its Harry Potter origins, becoming one of few pop culture words to land in the Oxford English Dictionary.

The popularity of the Harry Potter series has translated into substantial financial success for Rowling, her publishers, and other Harry Potter related license holders.

The seven-book series has a word count of 1,083,594 (US edition).

Attractions | The Wizarding World of Harry Potter

After the success of the films and books, Universal and Warner Brothers announced they would create The Wizarding World of Harry Potter, a new Harry Potter-themed expansion to the Islands of Adventure theme park at Universal Orlando Resort in Florida.

The great demand for Harry Potter books motivated The New York Times to create a separate best-seller list for children's literature in 2000, just before the release of Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire.

The musical was awarded Entertainment Weekly's 10 Best Viral Videos of 2009.The sport Quidditch, played by characters in the Harry Potter series, was created in 2005 and is played worldwide including at universities such as Harvard University, Yale University, and Washington University in St. Louis.

In December 2005, Rowling stated on her web site, "2006 will be the year when I write the final book in the Harry Potter series.

Through those lessons, Harry begins to develop a crush on the popular and attractive Cho Chang.

Since the release of the first novel, Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone, on 26 June 1997, the books have found immense popularity, critical acclaim and commercial success worldwide.

The popularity and high market value of the series has led Rowling, her publishers, and film distributor Warner Bros. to take legal measures to protect their copyright, which have included banning the sale of Harry Potter imitations, targeting the owners of websites over the "Harry Potter" domain name, and suing author Nancy Stouffer to counter her accusations that Rowling had plagiarised her work.

The Harry Potter series created and popularized the word 'Muggle'.


He was signed by the Detroit Tigers in 1939 at the age of 18.

A Tigers scout offered a $500 signing bonus to Newhouser, who found the sum of money to be unimaginable.

After being released by the Tigers following the 1953 season, Newhouser signed on with the Cleveland Indians and was their top long reliever in 1954, when Cleveland won 111 games and the pennant.

During his playing days, Newhouser's teammates nicknamed him "Prince Hal" because of the way he carried himself.

He won the pitcher's Triple Crown, leading the AL in wins (25, against nine losses), ERA (1.81) and strikeouts (212); he also led the league in innings pitched, games started, complete games and shutouts.

Harold Newhouser (May 20, 1921 – November 10, 1998), nicknamed "Prince Hal", was an American professional baseball player.

In 1940, he earned a spot on the Tigers out of spring training.

The Tigers jumped into contention, finishing second in the American League, with Newhouser named MVP.

The Tigers retired Newhouser's number 16 in 1997.

The young Newhouser sold newspapers, collected pop bottles and worked in a bowling alley before signing on in professional baseball.

Hal Nehouser started playing for the Tigers after being gifted a sign on gift.


The kinetic energy of a moving object is equal to the work required to bring it from rest to that speed, or the work the object can do while being brought to rest: net force × displacement =

dt is given by the dot product of force F and the infinitesimal displacement dx

In SI units, mass is measured in kilograms, speed in metres per second, and the resulting kinetic energy is in joules.

By contrast, the total kinetic energy of a system of objects cannot be reduced to zero by a suitable choice of the inertial reference frame, unless all the objects have the same velocity.

The same bullet is stationary to an observer moving with the same velocity as the bullet, and so has zero kinetic energy.

The standard unit of kinetic energy is the joule, while the imperial unit of kinetic energy is the foot-pound.

Assuming the object was at rest at time 0, we integrate from time 0 to time t because the work done by the force to bring the object from rest to velocity v is equal to the work necessary to do the reverse:                                    E                        k

Having gained this energy during its acceleration, the body maintains this kinetic energy unless its speed changes.

The kinetic energy of any entity depends on the reference frame in which it is measured.

The kinetic energy of the system in the center of momentum frame is a quantity that is invariant (all observers see it to be the same).

Kinetic energy is the energy of an object caused by a force and they have the same units of measurement.


At the time of its release, it was one of the most expensive movies ever made.

In Old Chicago is a 1938 American drama disaster film directed by Henry King.

Despite crediting the Chicago Historical Society for assistance with historical research, much of the film is fictionalized.

She was the first person to win the Supporting Oscar after being nominated in the prior year.

Some sources claim that MGM offered to loan both Harlow and Clark Gable to Fox for In Old Chicago if they reciprocated by loaning Shirley Temple to MGM for their upcoming production of The Wizard of Oz.

The film is a fictionalized account about the Great Chicago Fire of 1871 and stars Alice Brady as Mrs. O'Leary, the owner of the cow which started the fire, and Tyrone Power and Don Ameche as her sons.

The Mayor of Chicago in 1871 was Roswell B. Mason, not an O'Leary son.

The film was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Picture.

The film was released and restored to its full length on DVD in 2005.

In the years before the film was made it had been supplanted by the Levee, an area renowned for its corrupt politicians, known as the Gray Wolves, whose deeds resemble those of the characters in the film.

The O'Leary family are traveling to Chicago to start a new life when Patrick O'Leary tries to race a steam train in his wagon.

In old Chicago used to be the most costly film that was produced.


Alvin Cullum York was born in a two-room log cabin in Fentress County, Tennessee.

York proceeded to Fort Oglethorpe, Georgia, where he was discharged from the service, and then to Tennessee for more celebrations.

After a series of lawsuits he gained control of the original institution and was its president when it opened in December 1929.

York originally believed in the morality of America's intervention in World War I. By the mid-1930s, he looked back more critically: " I can't see that we did any good.

In November 1917, while York's application was considered, he was drafted and began his army service at Camp Gordon in Georgia.

Alvin Cullum York (December 13, 1887 – September 2, 1964), also known as Sergeant York

In the 1920s, York formed the Alvin C. York Foundation with the mission of increasing educational opportunities in his region of Tennessee.

Historical reputation and legacy | Monuments and memorials

Several government buildings have been named for York, including the Alvin C. York Veterans Hospital located in Murfreesboro.

The Alvin C. York Institute was founded in 1926 as a private agricultural high school by York and residents of Fentress County.

When William York died in November 1911, his son Alvin helped his mother raise his younger siblings.

Alvin York was originally from Georgia.


In Puritan Boston, Massachusetts, a crowd gathers to witness the punishment of Hester Prynne, a young woman who has given birth to a baby of unknown parentage.

Ann Hibbins, who historically was executed for witchcraft in Boston in 1656, is depicted in The Scarlet Letter as a witch who tries to tempt Prynne to the practice of witchcraft.

Elmer Kennedy-Andrews remarks that Hawthorne in "The Custom-house" sets the context for his story and "tells us about 'romance', which is his preferred generic term to describe The Scarlet Letter, as his subtitle for the book – 'A Romance' – would indicate.

It is mentioned she "was the scarlet letter in another form; the scarlet letter endowed in life” (84).

The following are symbols that are embedded in The Scarlet Letter: The Scarlet Letter A: In the beginning of the novel Hester's letter A is a representation of her sin and adultery.

In the 1630s she was excommunicated by the Puritans and exiled from Boston, and moved to Rhode Island.

The Scarlet Letter was one of the first mass-produced books in America.

The Scarlet Letter was also one of the first mass-produced books in America.

She convinces Dimmesdale to leave Boston in secret on a ship to Europe where they can start life anew.

After several years, Hester returns to her cottage and resumes wearing the scarlet letter.

For Hester, the Scarlet Letter is a physical manifestation of her sin and reminder of her painful solitude.

The Scarlet Letter is set in Boston.


Presidency (1877–1881) | The South and the end of Reconstruction

Hayes tried to reconcile the social mores of the South with the recently passed civil rights laws by distributing patronage among southern Democrats.

Supporters have praised his commitment to civil-service reform and to the defense of civil rights, but historians and scholars generally rank Hayes as an average or slightly below-average president.

Post-war politics | U.S. Congressman from Ohio

They worked to reject Johnson's vision of Reconstruction and to pass the Civil Rights Act of 1866.Reelected in 1866, Hayes returned to the lame-duck session to vote for the Tenure of Office Act, which ensured that Johnson could not remove administration officials without the Senate's consent.

Family and early life | Childhood and family history

Rutherford Birchard Hayes was born in Delaware, Ohio, on October 4, 1822, to Rutherford Hayes, Jr. and Sophia Birchard.

Presidency (1877–1881) | Civil service reform

Chester A. Arthur, the Collector of the Port of New York, and his subordinates Alonzo B. Cornell and George H. Sharpe, all Conkling supporters, refused to obey the order.

Presidency (1877–1881) | Great Railroad Strike

In Baltimore, however, a riot did erupt on July 20, and Hayes ordered the troops at Fort McHenry to assist the governor in suppressing it.

" All his efforts were in vain; Hayes failed to persuade the South to accept legal racial equality or to convince Congress to appropriate funds to enforce the civil rights laws.

Chapters had flourished across the South and it had been one of the insurgent groups that attacked and suppressed freedmen.

Presidency (1877–1881) | Judicial appointments

Harlan was nonetheless confirmed and served on the court for 34 years, voting (usually in the minority) for aggressive enforcement of the civil rights laws.

Other paramilitary groups, such as the Red Shirts in the Carolinas, however, had intimidated freedmen and suppressed the vote.

President Rutherford B. Hayes worked to suppress civil rights.