Verdi, the first child of Carlo Giuseppe Verdi (1785–1867) and Luigia Uttini (1787–1851), was born at their home in Le Roncole, a village near Busseto, then in the Département Taro and within the borders of  the First French Empire following the annexation of the Duchy of Parma and Piacenza in 1808.

Additionally, it lists Verdi as being "born yesterday", but since days were often considered to begin at sunset, this could have meant either 9 or 10 October.

Following his mother, Verdi always celebrated his birthday on 9 October, the day he himself believed he was born.

Verdi agreed to conduct the premiere on 22 July 1847 at Her Majesty's Theatre, as well as the second performance.

While Verdi was working on his second opera Un giorno di regno, Margherita died of encephalitis at the age of 26.

Verdi and Strepponi travelled to Venice in March for the premiere of Simon Boccanegra, which turned out to be "a fiasco" (as Verdi reported, although on the second and third nights, the reception improved considerably).With

He was born near Busseto to a provincial family of moderate means, and developed a musical education with the help of a local patron.

In January 1851, Verdi broke off relations with his parents, and in April they were  ordered to leave Sant'Agata; Verdi found new premises for them and helped them financially to settle into their new home.

Life | 1887–1901: Falstaff and last years

But he still had doubts: his age, his health (which he admits to being good) and his ability to complete the project: "If I were not to finish the music?".

After learning to play the organ, he showed so much interest in music that his parents finally provided him with a spinet.

A growing estrangement between Verdi and his parents was perhaps also attributable to Strepponi (the suggestion that this situation was sparked by the birth of a child to Verdi and Strepponi which was given away as a foundling lacks any firm evidence).

Giusepe Verdi was the second kid to be born from his parents.


The United States has historically been the world's largest producer of greenhouse gases, and greenhouse gas emissions per capita remain high.

The country ranks ninth in the world in nominal GDP per capita and sixth in GDP per capita at PPP.

In 2009, the United States had the third-highest workforce productivity per person in the world, behind Luxembourg and Norway.

The United States has the world's second-largest automobile market, and has the highest rate of per-capita vehicle ownership in the world, with 765 vehicles per 1,000 Americans (1996).

Despite income and wealth disparities, the United States continues to rank high in measures of socioeconomic performance, including average wage, median income, median wealth, human development, per capita GDP, and worker productivity.

The United States is the largest importer of goods and second-largest exporter, though exports per capita are relatively low.

The United States has an annual birth rate of 13 per 1,000, which is five births per 1,000 below the world average.

Hollywood, a northern district of Los Angeles, California, is one of the leaders in motion picture production.

It was fourth in productivity per hour, behind those two countries and the Netherlands.

The United States of America (USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country mostly located in central North America, between Canada and Mexico.

The United States of America is the world leader in the production of atmospheric pollution per capita.


He won 20 games or more three times for the Cardinals and won three World Series championships (in 1926, 1931, and 1934), though he did not pitch in the 1931 series.

Jesse Joseph Haines (July 22, 1893 – August 5, 1978), nicknamed "Pop", was a right-handed pitcher in for the Cincinnati Reds and St. Louis Cardinals of Major League Baseball (MLB).

After failing to gain more than 8.3% of the votes for induction into the Baseball Hall of Fame over a 12-year period, Haines was voted in by the Veterans Committee in 1970.

Haines wanted to play baseball for the local team in Phillipsburg.

Branch Rickey of the St. Louis Cardinals noticed Haines while he was pitching in Kansas City, but the team was struggling with money.

Haines pitched on three World Series championship teams.

" Haines threw a no-hitter on July 17, 1924 against the Boston Braves; more than 50 years passed before a St. Louis pitcher threw another no-hitter at home.

Spending several seasons in minor league baseball, Haines also pitched for teams in Saginaw, Fort Wayne, Springfield, Topeka and Tulsa.

Haines pitched on three World Series championship teams, winning two games in the 1926 World Series.

In 2014, he was inducted into the St. Louis Cardinals Hall of Fame Museum.

Haines was a famous pitcher for the St. Louis baseball team with which he was voted the MVP in the 1931 baseball championship.


Laurence Olivier and Jennifer Jones starred in the 1952 film version, Carrie, directed by William Wyler.

In 2013, Black Balloon Publishing released Clementine Classics: Sister Carrie by Theodore Dreiser, a new version of Sister Carrie annotated by Tumblr literary critic Clementine the Hedgehog.

From the outset, his title was Sister Carrie, though he changed it to The Flesh and the Spirit while writing it; he restored the original name once complete.

Not until 1981 did Dreiser's unaltered version appear when the University of Pennsylvania Press issued a scholarly edition based upon the original manuscript held by the New York Public Library.

Between 1900 and 1980, all editions of the novel were of a second altered version.

Authoritative edition of the censored version plus a lot of source and critical material.

An avid supporter and friend, H. L. Mencken referred to Dreiser as "a man of large originality, of profound feeling, and of unshakable courage".

A pictorial history of Sister Carrie from 1900–1981.

Dreiser had difficulty finding a publisher for Sister Carrie.

Theodore Dreiser. Sister Carrie: Unexpurgated Edition.

the original film version of Sister Carrie was released in the 50s.


Unveiled in 1888, Royal Arsenal's first crest featured three cannons viewed from above, pointing northwards, similar to the coat of arms of the Metropolitan Borough of Woolwich (nowadays transferred to the coat of arms of the Royal Borough of Greenwich).

History | 1953–1986: Mediocrity, Mee and Neill

At the age of 34, he became the youngest Arsenal manager to date.

Because of the numerous revisions of the crest, Arsenal were unable to copyright it.

For the first time, the crest was rendered in colour, which varied slightly over the crest's lifespan, finally becoming red, gold and green.

To complete the crest, 1886 and 2011 are shown on either sides of the motto "Forward" at the bottom of the crest.

Although the club had managed to register the crest as a trademark, and had fought (and eventually won) a long legal battle with a local street trader who sold "unofficial" Arsenal merchandise,

Arsenal have the seventh highest average attendance of European football clubs only behind Borussia Dortmund, FC Barcelona, Manchester United, Real Madrid, Bayern Munich, and Schalke.

The celebrations included a modified version of the current crest worn on their jerseys for the season.

In 1913, soon after relegation back to the Second Division, Woolwich Arsenal moved to the new Arsenal Stadium in Highbury, North London.

The new crest was criticised by some supporters; the Arsenal Independent Supporters' Association claimed that the club had ignored much of Arsenal's history and tradition with such a radical modern design, and that fans had not been properly consulted on the issue.

The first crest of Arsenal FC dates back to the 1800s.


Socrates's death is described at the end of Plato's Phaedo, although Plato was not himself present at the execution.

Socrates (; Ancient Greek: Σωκρᾰ́της Sōkrátēs [sɔːkrátɛːs]; c. 470 – 399 BC) was a Greek philosopher from Athens who is credited as one of the founders of Western philosophy, and as being the first moral philosopher of the Western ethical tradition of thought.

" Apology" is an anglicized transliteration, not a translation, of the Greek apologia, meaning "defense"; in this sense it is not apologetic according to our contemporary use of the term.

Socratic problem | Socrates as a philosopher

Two fragments are extant of the writings by the Pyrrhonist philosopher Timon of Phlius pertaining to Socrates.

Direct criticism of Socrates the man almost disappears after this time, but there is a noticeable preference for Plato or Aristotle over the elements of Socratic philosophy distinct from those of his students, even into the Middle Ages.

These contradictions produce doubt as to the actual philosophical doctrines of Socrates, within his milieu and as recorded by other individuals.

Both appear to be from Timon's Silloi in which Timon ridiculed and lampooned dogmatic philosophers.

Perhaps the most interesting facet of this is Socrates's reliance on what the Greeks called his "daimōnic sign", an averting (ἀποτρεπτικός apotreptikos) inner voice Socrates heard only when he was about to make a mistake.

The problem of understanding Socrates as a philosopher is shown in the following: In Xenophon's Symposium, Socrates is reported as saying he devotes himself only to what he regards as the most important art or occupation,

In this view, the token of appreciation for Asclepius (the Greek god for curing illness) – the cockerel that he speaks of to Crito – would represent a cure for Athens's ailments.

The problem with discerning Socrates's philosophical views stems from the perception of contradictions in statements made by the Socrates in the different dialogues of Plato; and in later dialogues Plato used the character, Socrates, to give voice to views that were his own.

Greek philosopher Socrates died of old age.


The popularity and high market value of the series has led Rowling, her publishers, and film distributor Warner Bros. to take legal measures to protect their copyright, which have included banning the sale of Harry Potter imitations, targeting the owners of websites over the "Harry Potter" domain name, and suing author Nancy Stouffer to counter her accusations that Rowling had plagiarised her work.

The novels chronicle the lives of a young wizard, Harry Potter, and his friends Hermione Granger and Ron Weasley, all of whom are students at Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry.

Actors Rupert Grint and Emma Watson, who play main characters Ron Weasley and Hermione Granger, were also in attendance.

Harry meets most of the main characters and gains his two closest friends: Ron Weasley, a fun-loving member of an ancient, large, happy, but poor wizarding family, and Hermione Granger, a gifted, bright, and hardworking witch of non-magical parentage.

Harry Potter is a series of fantasy novels written by British author J. K. Rowling.

Hermione Granger teaches Harry Potter that the meaning of these verses from the Christian Bible are "living beyond death.

Attractions | The Wizarding World of Harry Potter

After the success of the films and books, Universal and Warner Brothers announced they would create The Wizarding World of Harry Potter, a new Harry Potter-themed expansion to the Islands of Adventure theme park at Universal Orlando Resort in Florida.

The Harry Potter universe is also featured in Lego Dimensions, with the settings and side characters featured in the Harry Potter Adventure World, and Harry, Voldemort, and Hermione as playable characters.

Harry, Ron and Hermione drop out of school so that they can find and destroy Voldemort's remaining Horcruxes.

In the epilogue, Harry and Ginny are married with three children, and Ron and Hermione are married with two children.

The fantasy series Harry Potter, which follows the adventures of a young wizard and his friends Hermione Granger and Ron Weasley, has been accused by Nancy Stouffer for plagiarizing her work and Rowling sued her in response.


Three Baseball Players – who mock George at the wedding

Our Town is a 1938 metatheatrical three-act play by American playwright Thornton Wilder which won the Pulitzer Prize for Drama.

Three years have passed, and George and Emily prepare to wed.

Our Town (1946 radio), on September 29, 1946, a radio version was performed on the Theatre Guild on the Air featuring Thornton Wilder himself as the Stage Manager and Dorothy McGuire as Emily.

Town undertaker Joe Stoddard is introduced, as is a young man named Sam Craig who has returned to Grover's Corners for his cousin's funeral.

Nine years have passed. The Stage Manager opens the act with a lengthy monologue emphasizing eternity, bringing the audience's attention to the cemetery outside of town and the characters who have died since the wedding, including Mrs. Gibbs (pneumonia, while traveling),

Once the funeral ends, Emily emerges to join the dead.

Throughout, Wilder uses metatheatrical devices, setting the play in the actual theatre where it is being performed.

The cast included Orson Welles as the Stage Manager, John Craven of the original stage production as George Gibbs, and Patricia Newton as Emily Webb.

Our Town, a 1977 television adaptation of the play, starring Hal Holbrook as the Stage Manager, Robby Benson as George Gibbs and Glynnis O'Connor as Emily Webb.

The three act play Our Town by Thornton Wilder, includes three football players that heckle George at a funeral.


In 1930 she gave birth to a son, the painter and sculptor Daniel Milhaud, who was the couple's only child.

In 1925, Milhaud married his cousin, Madeleine (1902–2008), an actress and reciter.

Darius Milhaud (French: [daʁjys mijo]; 4 September 1892 – 22 June 1974) was a French composer, conductor, and teacher.

Darius Milhaud was very prolific and composed for a wide range of genres.

There is a Darius Milhaud Collection at Mills College in California.

Milhaud is considered one of the key modernist composers.

Milhaud dedicated his Fifth String Quartet (1920) to Arnold Schoenberg, and the following year conducted both the French and British premieres of Pierrot lunaire after multiple rehearsals.

L'Homme et son désir. On his return to France, Milhaud composed works influenced by the Brazilian popular music he had heard, including compositions of Brazilian pianist and composer Ernesto Nazareth.

There is another Darius Milhaud Collection at the New York Public Library for the Performing Arts in New York City.

From 1917 to 1919, he served as secretary to Paul Claudel, the eminent poet and dramatist who was then the French ambassador to Brazil, and with whom Milhaud collaborated for many years, setting music for many of Claudel's poems and plays.

Darius Milhaud was a French composer that had a child that was also his second Cousin.


The Aroostook War (sometimes called the Pork and Beans War) was a military and civilian-involved confrontation in 1838–1839 between the United States and the United Kingdom over the international boundary between the British colony of New Brunswick and the U.S. state of Maine.

Posses, arrests, and the mobilization of militia

In 1836 Maine took a special census.

Some itinerant lumbermen eventually settled year-round in the Saint John valley.

The evidence is that the British map placed the entire disputed area on the American side of the border.

The Maine side then took the New Brunswick military commander himself into custody.

The British retained the northern area of the disputed territory, including the Halifax Road with its year-round overland military communications between Quebec and Nova Scotia.

American and British governments step in

Sir John Harvey had supervised Winfield Scott during his time as prisoner of war during the War of 1812, and the President and his advisers saw that relationship as a point of mutual respect.

The British case was not a sound one, and a decision based solely upon justice would, in all probability, have given Maine more than was ultimately received.

Neither nation wanted a war that would have greatly interfered with the two nations' trade.

Although the king had not made a judicial decision for one side as expected, he had followed the arbitration agreement's request to "make a decision on the points of difference".

The Aroostook War took place for one year.


Set in Puritan Massachusetts Bay Colony during the years 1642 to 1649, the novel tells the story of Hester Prynne who conceives a daughter through an affair and then struggles to create a new life of repentance and dignity.

The Scarlet Letter was one of the first mass-produced books in America.

The Scarlet Letter was also one of the first mass-produced books in America.

Because Dimmesdale's health has begun to fail, the townspeople are happy to have Chillingworth, the newly arrived physician, take up lodgings with their beloved minister.

He was a Puritan minister involved with the government of the colony, and also the Salem Witch Trials.

John Winthrop (1588–1649), second governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony.

Increase Mather (1639–1723), a powerful leader of the early Massachusetts Bay Colony.

Rosebush: The rosebush is mentioned twice within the course of the story.

The rosebush is perceived as a symbol of brightness in a story filled with human sorrow.

When the husband sees Hester's shame, he asks a man in the crowd about her and is told the story of his wife's adultery.

The story takes place in Colonial America.


It is Shakespeare's longest play with 30,557 words.

The Tragedy of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark, often shortened to Hamlet (), is a tragedy written by William Shakespeare sometime between 1599 and 1601.

While Milton did not ultimately go that route, the poem still shows distinct echoes of Shakespearean revenge tragedy, and of Hamlet in particular.

Some scholars have observed that revenge tragedies come from Catholic countries like Italy and Spain, where the revenge tragedies present contradictions of motives, since according to Catholic doctrine the duty to God and family precedes civil justice.

Context and interpretation | Psychoanalytic | Sigmund Freud

Freud does not offer over-all interpretations of the plays, but uses the two tragedies to illustrate and corroborate his psychological theories, which are based on his treatments of his patients and on his studies.

As John Kerrigan discusses, Milton originally considered writing his epic poem Paradise Lost (1667) as a tragedy.

First Folio (F1): In 1623 Edward Blount and William and Isaac Jaggard published The Tragedie of Hamlet, Prince of Denmarke in the First Folio, the first edition of Shakespeare's Complete Works.

Sigmund Freud’s thoughts regarding Hamlet were first published in his book The Interpretation of Dreams (1899), as a footnote to a discussion of Sophocles’ tragedy, Oedipus Rex, all of which is part of his consideration of the causes of neurosis.

In the Bloom's Shakespeare Through the Ages volume on Hamlet, editors Bloom and Foster express a conviction that the intentions of Shakespeare in portraying the character of Hamlet in the play exceeded the capacity of the Freudian Oedipus complex to completely encompass the extent of characteristics depicted in Hamlet throughout the tragedy: "For once, Freud regressed in attempting to fasten the Oedipus Complex upon Hamlet: it will not stick, and merely showed that Freud did better than T.S. Eliot, who preferred Coriolanus to Hamlet, or so he said.

Several times since 1995, the American Shakespeare Center has mounted repertories that included both Hamlet and Rosencrantz and Guildenstern, with the same actors performing the same roles in each; in their 2001 and 2009 seasons the two plays were "directed, designed, and rehearsed together to make the most out of the shared scenes and situations".W. S. Gilbert wrote a short comic play titled Rosencrantz and Guildenstern, in which Hamlet's play is presented as a tragedy written by Claudius in his youth of which he is greatly embarrassed.

Freud considered that Sophocles’ tragedy, Oedipus Rex, with its story that involves crimes of parricide and incest, "has furnished us with legendary matter which corroborates" these ideas, and that the "profound and universal validity of the old legends" is understandable only by recognizing the validity of these theories of "infantile psychology".

Hamlet or The Tragedy of Hamlet, is William's lengthiest tragedy play.


History | 1985–1988: Building a following, drug abuse, and Slovak's death

Slovak died from a heroin overdose on June 25, 1988, soon after the conclusion of the Uplift tour.

Red Hot Chili Peppers (commonly abbreviated as RHCP) are an American rock band formed in Los Angeles in 1983.

However, he changed this style when Red Hot Chili Peppers formed.

History | 1998–2001: Return of Frusciante and Californication

With no guitarist, the Red Hot Chili Peppers were on the verge of breaking up.

The musical style of the Red Hot Chili Peppers has been characterized as funk rock, alternative rock, funk metal and rap rock, with influences from hard, psychedelic and punk rock.

In 1998, following Navarro's dismissal, Frusciante returned to Red Hot Chili Peppers.

After the Stadium Arcadium tour, Red Hot Chili Peppers went on an extended hiatus.

The band released their debut album, The Red Hot Chili Peppers, in August 1984.

I'm with You, the tenth Red Hot Chili Peppers album, was released in the US in August 2011.

His replacement, Dave Navarro, played on the sixth Red Hot Chili Peppers album, One Hot Minute (1995).

The band changed its name to Red Hot Chili Peppers, playing several shows at LA venues.

had also obtained a record deal with MCA, and in December Slovak and Irons quit Red Hot Chili Peppers to focus on What Is This?.

The Red Hot Chili Peppers is a musical group and has had a member died.


Beer and wine were regularly consumed.

The most common staple crops consumed during Han were wheat, barley, foxtail millet, proso millet, rice, and beans.

Beer and wine were regularly consumed.

The Han dynasty was a unique period in the development of premodern Chinese science and technology, comparable to the level of scientific and technological growth during the Song dynasty (960–1279).

Culture and society | Education, literature, and philosophy

Han dynasty poetry was dominated by the fu genre, which achieved its greatest prominence during the reign of Emperor Wu.

The Han dynasty saw an age of economic prosperity and witnessed a significant growth of the money economy first established during the Zhou dynasty (c. 1050–256 BC).

Commonly hunted game, such as owl, pheasant, magpie, sika deer, and Chinese bamboo partridge were consumed.

This formally ended the Han dynasty and initiated an age of conflict between three states: Cao Wei, Eastern Wu, and Shu Han.

Science and technology | Metallurgy and agriculture

The heavy moldboard iron plow, also invented during the Han dynasty, required only one man to control it, two oxen to pull it.

Although the Yellow Turbans were defeated, many generals appointed during the crisis never disbanded their assembled militia forces and used these troops to amass power outside of the collapsing imperial authority.

Science and technology | Structural and geotechnical engineering

Timber was the chief building material during the Han dynasty; it was used to build palace halls, multi-story residential towers and halls and single-story houses.

Alcohol was not consumed during the Han dynasty.


His health never recovered, and he was placed in a sanitarium in nearby Elmendorf until he died at the age of 37 on April 1, 1914.

He was supposed to be pretty good, but we never found out." Waddell returned to his family's home in Pennsylvania and played with local football clubs there.

Further drinking and marital problems with his third wife, Madge Maguire, plagued Waddell; he passed out in the middle of a game against New York in 1909.

At the age of three, he wandered over to a local fire station and stayed there for several days.

On August 19, Waddell pitched the first game of a doubleheader for Milwaukee, winning in the 17th inning on his own triple.

He was easily distracted by opposing fans who held up puppies, which caused him to run over to play with them, and shiny objects, which seemed to put him in a trance.

On July 1, 1902, Waddell became the second pitcher to strike out three batters on nine pitches in the third inning of a 2–0 win over the Baltimore Orioles.

Pitching an exhibition game in Memphis, he took the field alone with his catcher, Doc Powers, for the last three innings.

His career stats were 193–143, 2,316 strikeouts, and a 2.16 earned run average, with 50 shutouts and 261 complete games in 2961.1 innings pitched.

Well, the first practice Waddell tackled him and broke his leg.

Waddell was put in a nursing home and passed at the age of 73.


In 1941 the movie Sergeant York, directed by Howard Hawks with Gary Cooper in the title role, told about his life and Medal of Honor action.

Historical reputation and legacy | Medal of Honor controversy

York received the Medal of Honor, and over the years, eight of the others who lived through that day's fighting also received valor awards, including the Distinguished Service Cross for Early in 1929, and the Silver Star for Cutting (aka Otis B. Merrithew) in 1965.

York was immediately promoted to sergeant and was awarded the Distinguished Service Cross; an investigation resulted in the upgrading of the award to the Medal of Honor.

His actions that day earned him the Medal of Honor.

Corporal William Cutting, who was present with York during his Medal of Honor action, and Bernard Early, the noncommissioned officer under whom York was serving during his Medal of Honor actions, were among those who argued against the official version.

Historical reputation and legacy | Monuments and memorials

In At Heaven's Gate (1943), a Tennessee mountaineer who was awarded the Medal of Honor in World War

Of the 17 American soldiers who were involved in York's Medal of Honor action, six were killed.

Early's men were contending with the prisoners when German machine gun fire suddenly peppered the area, killing six Americans and wounding three others.

A few months later, an investigation by York's chain of command resulted in an upgrade of his Distinguished Service Cross to the Medal of Honor, which was presented by the commanding general of the American Expeditionary Forces, General John J. Pershing.

In 1993, York was among 35 Medal of Honor recipients whose portraits were painted and biographies included in a boxed set of "Congressional Medal of Honor Trading Cards," issued by Eclipse Enterprises under license from the Medal of Honor Society.

Sergeant York was awarded the medal of honor, a few other medals and a movie was made about him.


Dictionaries report that "mugguomp" is an Algonquian word  meaning "person of importance" or "war leader".

The party was divided into two warring factions, each with creative names.

The Mugwumps were Republican political activists in the United States who switched parties from the Republican Party by supporting Democratic candidate Grover Cleveland in the presidential election of 1884.

After the election, "mugwump" survived for more than a decade as an epithet for a party bolter in American politics.

Charles Francis Adams Jr., president of the Union Pacific Railroad and the American Historical Association Henry Adams, author

Several historians of the 1960s and 1970s portrayed the Mugwumps as members of an insecure elite, one that felt threatened by changes in American society.

The jocular word "mugwump", noted as early as 1832, is from Algonquian mugquomp, "important person, kingpin" (from mugumquomp, "war leader"), implying that they were "sanctimonious" or "holier-than-thou" in holding themselves aloof from party politics.

Yet they felt threatened by the rise of machine politics, one aspect of which was the spoils system; and by the rising power of immigrants in American society.

Mark Twain, author self-identified as a Mugwump in his essay Christian Science

Blaine was from the reform wing of his own party, but the Mugwumps rejected his candidacy.

The activist group The Mugwumps were named after a Native American word.


It was the best-selling novel in the United States in both 1931 and 1932, won the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction in 1932, and was influential in Buck's winning the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1938.

The Good Earth is a novel by Pearl S. Buck published in 1931 that dramatizes family life in a Chinese village in the early 20th century.

However, the 1937 film, The Good Earth, which was based on the stage version, was more successful.

Some scholars have seen The Good Earth as creating sympathy for China in the oncoming war with Japan.

When armies approach the city he can only work at night hauling merchandise out of fear of being conscripted.

However, the House of Hwang slowly declines due to opium use, frequent spending, uncontrolled borrowing and a general unwillingness to work.

The novel is set in a timeless China and provides no explicit dates.

If they had, Americans would have been fighting in Asia long before 1941."The Columbia University political scientist Andrew J. Nathan praised Hilary Spurling's book Pearl Buck in China: Journey to The Good Earth, saying that it should move readers to rediscover Buck's work as a source of insight into both revolutionary China and the United States' interactions with it.

Wang Lung uses this money to bring the family home, buy a new ox and farm tools, and hire servants to work the land for him.

It is the first book in her House of Earth trilogy, continued in Sons (1932) and A House Divided (1935).

The novel was included in Life Magazine's list of the 100 outstanding books of 1924–1944.

The Good Earth used to be the most sold novel in America.


Snider was sold to the San Francisco Giants on Opening Day in 1964.

On June 14, he recorded his 400th home run, once again against the Reds, doing so in the first inning off Bob Purkey.

He appeared in three different positions for the Giants, playing 26 games in right field and 18 in left field for a combined total of 288.2 innings.

In 91 games played with the Giants, he batted a line of .210/.302/.323 while having four home runs and 17 RBIs.

In 1949, Snider became a regular major leaguer hitting 23 home runs with 92 runs batted in, helping the Dodgers into the World Series.

All-Star (1950–56, 1963) All-Star (1950–56, 1963) NL MVP runner-up (1955) NL home run leader (1956) NL RBI leader (1955) NL leader in fielding average as center fielder (1951, 1952, 1955) World Series champion team (1955, 1959) Los Angeles Dodgers: career leader in home runs (389), RBI (1,271), strikeouts (1,123), and extra-base hits (814) Los Angeles Dodgers: single-season record holder for most intentional walks (26 in 1956) Only player to hit four home runs (or more) in two different World Series (1952, 1955) One of two players (besides Gil Hodges) with over 1,000 RBI during the 1950s

He entered the game as a pinch hitter for Tommy Davis in the top of the ninth inning.

Hit 19 home runs off of Robin Roberts; the all-time record for most home runs off of a single pitcher

On April 16, 1963, Snider recorded his 2,000th hit, doing so at Crosley Field against the Cincinnati Reds on a single off Jim Maloney in the 2nd inning.

Following his retirement from baseball, Snider became a popular and respected TV/radio analyst and play-by-play announcer for the San Diego Padres from 1969 to 1971 and for the Montreal Expos from 1973 to 1986.

He led the National League (NL) in runs scored, home runs, and RBI in separate seasons.

Duke Snider played for the Giants in 1943 and became the all-time leader in home runs.


One of 19 children, he was the third son and fifth child of Robert Walpole, a member of the local gentry and a Whig politician who represented the borough of Castle Rising in the House of Commons, and his wife Mary Walpole, the daughter and heiress of Sir Geoffrey Burwell of Rougham, Suffolk.

His influence on the development of the uncodified constitution of Great Britain was less momentous even though he is regarded as Great Britain's first Prime Minister.

Robert Walpole, 1st Earl of Orford,  (26 August 1676 – 18 March 1745), known between 1721 and 1742 as Sir Robert Walpole, was a British politician who is generally regarded as the de facto first Prime Minister of Great Britain.

Great Britain, free from Jacobite threats, from war, and from financial crises, grew prosperous, and Robert Walpole acquired the favour of George I.

Walpole's de facto tenure as "Prime Minister" is often dated to his appointment as First Lord of the Treasury in 1721.

Walpole's first year as Prime Minister was also marked by the discovery of a plot formed by Francis Atterbury, the Bishop of Rochester.

W. A. Speck wrote that Walpole's uninterrupted run of 20 years as Prime Minister "is rightly regarded as one of the major feats of British political history.

Walpole's strategy of keeping Great Britain at peace contributed greatly to the country's prosperity.

Scholars rank him highly among all British prime ministers.

These constituencies returned members of parliament hostile to the Prime Minister.

The first Prime Minister of Great Britain Robert Walpole was one of 19 children.


It is the second of four official adaptations of A Star Is Born, with the first in 1937 starring Janet Gaynor and Fredric March, the third in 1976 starring Barbra Streisand and Kris Kristofferson and the fourth in 2018 starring Lady Gaga and Bradley Cooper.

A Star Is Born is a 1954 American musical film written by Moss Hart, starring Judy Garland and James Mason, and directed by George Cukor.

The latest remake of A Star Is Born stars Bradley Cooper and Lady Gaga, who also created new music for the project.

A Star Is Born with his then-wife Judy Garland in the lead role.

At its final running time of 154 minutes, the film lost two major musical numbers and crucial dramatic scenes, and Cukor called it "very painful" to watch.

What Price Hollywood? What Price Hollywood? , but the opportunity to direct his first Technicolor film, first musical film, and work with screenwriter Moss Hart and especially Garland appealed to him, and he accepted.

In March 1954, a rough cut still missing several musical numbers was assembled, and Cukor had mixed feelings about it.

Filming began April 17, 2017, and the film was released on October 5, 2018.All four of the official " A Star is Born" movies have been nominated for at least four Academy Awards.

A Star Is Born cost more than $5 million, making it one of the more expensive films made in Hollywood at that time.

When the last scene was filmed in the early morning hours of July 28, 1954, Cukor already had departed the production and was unwinding in Europe.

A Star Is Born is a 1954 American musical movie and the first of two productions by the same name.


As George apparently takes pity on her, Alice tries to stand up in the boat, causing it to capsize, and Alice drowns.

In 1991, A Place in the Sun was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant".

A Place in the Sun is a 1951 American drama film based on the 1925 novel An American Tragedy by Theodore Dreiser and the 1926 play, also titled An American Tragedy.

Critics cite the soporific pace, the exaggerated melodrama, and the outdated social commentary as qualities present in A Place in the Sun that are not present in the great films of the era, such as those by Alfred Hitchcock and Elia Kazan, although the performances by Clift, Taylor, and Winters continue to receive praise.

An attempt to procure an abortion for Alice fails, and she renews her insistence on marriage.

George and Angela spend time at secluded Loon Lake, where Angela tells George the story of a couple's supposed drowning there, with the man's body never being found.

All these works were inspired by the real-life murder of Grace Brown by Chester Gillette in 1906, which resulted in Gillette's conviction and execution by electric chair in 1908.A Place in the Sun was directed by George Stevens from a screenplay by Harry Brown and Michael Wilson, and stars Montgomery Clift, Elizabeth Taylor, and Shelley Winters; its supporting actors included Anne Revere, and Raymond Burr.

George is relieved. Remembering the story Angela had told him about the drowned couple, and knowing that Alice can't swim, George suggests spending the day at the nearby lake; Alice unsuspectingly agrees.

Reappraisals of the film find that much of what was exciting about the film in 1951 is not as potent in the 21st century.

Still, many consider the film to be a classic.

In the film A Place in the Sun, George attempts to drown his old girlfriend while she is bathing.


“Great State” in Turkic was originally a Mongol and later Turkicized khanate established in the 13th century and originating as the northwestern sector of the Mongol Empire.

The Crimean Khanate and the Kazakh Khanate, the last remnants of the Golden Horde, survived until 1783 and 1847 respectively.

Disintegration | Great Horde (1459–1502)

According to other sources, he was released from the Lithuanian prison in 1527.Records of Golden Horde existence reach however as far as end of 18th century

The Crimean Khanate and Poland-Lithuania: International Diplomacy on the European Periphery (15th-18th Century).

It was not until the 16th century that Russian chroniclers begin explicitly using the term "Golden Horde" to refer to this particular successor khanate of the Mongol Empire.

While the Mongolian language was undoubtedly in general use at the court of Batu, few Mongol texts written in the territory of the Golden Horde have survived, perhaps because of the prevalent general illiteracy.

After the death of Batu Khan (the founder of the Golden Horde) in 1255, his dynasty flourished for a full century, until 1359, though the intrigues of Nogai instigated a partial civil war in the late 1290s.

In contemporary Persian, Armenian and Muslim writings, and in the records of the thirteenth and early fourteenth centuries such as the Yuanshi and the Jami' al-tawarikh, the khanate was called the "Ulus of Jochi" ("realm of Jochi" in Mongolian), "Dasht-i-Qifchaq" (Qipchaq Steppe) or "Khanate of the Qipchaq" and "Comania" (

The Yuan influence seemed to have increased in the Golden Horde as some of Toqta's coins carried 'Phags-pa script in addition to Mongolian script and Persian characters.

His brother Orda returned to take part in the succession.

An important part of this trade was slaves for the Mamluk army.

The Golden Horde, a Mongolian Khanate, had parts that survived until the 18th century.


His regular doctor would have refused, but he was not available; so Cavour was bled several times until it was nearly impossible to draw any blood from him.

In 1865, the Collegio dei Nobili, the oldest high school in Turin (founded 1568), and among the oldest and most prominent ones in Italy, was renamed the Liceo Ginnasio statale "Camillo Benso di Cavour" (Liceo classico Cavour).

Camillo Benso was born in Turin during Napoleonic rule, into a family that had gained a fair amount of land during the French occupation.

His godparents were Napoleon's sister Pauline, and her husband, Prince Camillo Borghese, after whom Camillo was named.

Camillo Paolo Filippo Giulio Benso, Count of Cavour, Isolabella and Leri (10 August 1810 – 6 June 1861), generally known as Cavour ( kə-VOOR, Italian: [kaˈvur]), was an Italian statesman and a leading figure in the movement toward Italian unification.

Camillo and his older brother Gustavo were initially educated at home.

Biography | Prime minister of Piedmont–Sardinia

Cavour attempted to annex Sicily to Piedmont, but Garibaldi and his comrade Francesco Crispi would not allow it.

Cavour, who hoped that the allies would support Piedmont's expansion in Italy, agreed as soon as his colleagues' support would allow and entered the war on 10 January 1855.

It allowed Cavour to begin his railway expansion program, giving Piedmont 800 kilometres of track by the year 1860, one third of the railways in Italy at the time.

When he became Prime Minister Piedmont had just suffered a major defeat by Austria, but when he died, Victor Emmanuel II ruled a state five times as large, which dominated Italy and ranked among Europe's great powers.

Camillo Benso died after allowing doctors to bleed him.


So well-known had his slow drawl become that comedians began impersonating him.

In 2011, the United States Post Office located at 47 South 7th Street in Indiana, Pennsylvania, was designated the "James M. 'Jimmy' Stewart Post Office Building." Additionally, the Indiana County–Jimmy Stewart Airport was named in his honor.

James Maitland Stewart was born on May 20, 1908, in Indiana, Pennsylvania, the eldest child and only son born to Elizabeth Ruth (née Jackson; 1875–1953) and Alexander Maitland Stewart (1872–1962).

Stewart has several memorials in his childhood hometown, Indiana, Pennsylvania.

Born and raised in Indiana, Pennsylvania, Stewart started acting while studying at Princeton University.

Known for his distinctive drawl and everyman screen persona, Stewart had a film career that spanned over 55 years from 1935 and 1991 and 80 films.

A large statue of Stewart stands on the lawn of the Indiana County Courthouse and a plaque marks his birthplace.

David Thomson has explained Stewart's appeal by stating that "we wanted to be him, and we wanted to be liked by him," while Roger Ebert has stated that "whether he played everyman, or everyman's hidden psyche, Stewart was an innately likable man whose face, loping gait and distinctive drawl became famous all over the world." Among Stewart's most recognizable qualities was his manner of speaking with a hesitant drawl.

During summer breaks, he returned to Indiana, working first as a brick loader and then as a magician's assistant.

Personal life | Friendships, interests, and character

An award for Boy Scouts, "The James M. Stewart Good Citizenship Award" has been presented since 2003.

James Stewart had a drawl and was from Indiana.


Both are financed on a pay as you go system by worker contributions; the first, Instituto de Previsión Social is for private sector employees, and the caja fiscal for public employees (including university professors, teachers, judicial employees, army officers and police officers) and veterans of the Chaco War (or their descendants).100% of Paraguay's electricity is produced using hydroelectricity, making it one of the cleanest in the world.

Economy | Social issues | Social issues of the indigenous

Only 2.5% of Paraguay's indigenous population has access to clean drinking water and only 9.5% have electricity.

They planted, in a few days, enough tobacco, maize and mandioca for their own consumption [...].

Paraguay has an installed electrical production capacity of 8,110 MW, producing 63 billion kWh/year in 2016; with domestic consumption of just 15 billion kWh, the excess production is sold to Brazil, Argentina, and Uruguay, making Paraguay the world's largest exporter of electric power.

Paraguay's primary manufacturing focus is on food and beverages.

Paraguay's culinary heritage is also deeply influenced by this cultural fusion.

History | Stroessner's overthrow, post-1989

In December 1998, Paraguay's Supreme Court declared these actions unconstitutional.

Production of cement, iron ore, and steel occurs commonly throughout Paraguay's industrial sector.

According to the census of 2002, the indigenous people made up 1.7% of Paraguay's total population.

Paraguay's cultural heritage can be traced to the extensive intermarriage between the original male Spanish settlers and indigenous Guaraní women.

Paraguay's electricity source comes from water plants.


Universal Pictures and Focus Features produced an American film adaptation, which was released on 13 February 2015, and also received unfavourable reviews even though it was a box office success.

It is notable for its explicitly erotic scenes featuring elements of sexual practices involving BDSM (bondage/discipline, dominance/submission, and sadism/masochism).

A version of the novel from Christian's point of view, Grey: Fifty Shades of Grey as Told by Christian, was published in June 2015 as the fourth book.

Fifty Shades of Grey is a 2011 erotic romance novel by British author E. L. James.

Fifty Shades of Grey has topped best-seller lists around the world, including those of the United Kingdom and the United States.

Fifty Shades of Grey has topped best-seller lists around the world, selling over 125 million copies worldwide by June 2015.

The first, titled Fifty Shades of Grey, was released as an e-book and a print on demand paperback in May 2011 by The Writers' Coffee Shop, a virtual publisher based in Australia.

Archbishop Dennis Schnurr of Cincinnati said in an early February 2015 letter, "The story line is presented as a romance; however, the underlying theme is that bondage, dominance, and sadomasochism are normal and pleasurable." The feminist anti-pornography organization Stop Porn Culture called for a boycott of the movie based on the book because of its sex scenes involving bondage and violence.

It became the first instalment in the Fifty Shades novel series that follows the deepening relationship between a college graduate, Anastasia Steele, and a young business magnate, Christian Grey.

The second and third volumes of the original trilogy, Fifty Shades Darker and Fifty Shades Freed, were published in 2012.

On 1 August 2012, Amazon UK announced that it had sold more copies of Fifty Shades of Grey than it had any individual book in the Harry Potter series, though worldwide the Harry Potter series sold more than 450 million copies compared with Fifty Shades of Grey's sales of 60 million copies.

The second volume, Fifty Shades Darker, was released in September 2011; and the third, Fifty Shades Freed, followed in January 2012.

Fifty Shades of Grey is a movie that had explicit scenes of misogyny.


Animal Farm is an allegorical novella by George Orwell, first published in England on 17 August 1945.

It won a Retrospective Hugo Award in 1996 and is included in the Great Books of the Western World selection.

Eventually, Secker and Warburg published the first edition in 1945.

Secker and Warburg published the first edition of Animal Farm in 1945 without an introduction.

During the Second World War, it became clear to Orwell that anti-Soviet literature was not something which most major publishing houses would touch – including his regular publisher Gollancz.

The Guardian on 24 August 1945 called Animal Farm "a delightfully humorous and caustic satire on the rule of the many by the few".

Although the first edition allowed space for the preface, it was not included, and as of June 2009 most editions of the book have not included it.

During the battle, Orwell first wrote, "All the animals, including Napoleon" took cover.

Orwell was suspicious of Smollett/Smolka, and he would be one of the names Orwell included in his list of Crypto-Communists and Fellow-Travellers sent to the Information Research Department in 1949.

Animal Farm is an allegorical novella by George Orwell, first published in England on 17 August 1945 that won a Retrospective Hugo Award in 1996 and is included in the Great Books of the Western World selection.


Reflection is the change in direction of a wavefront at an interface between two different media so that the wavefront returns into the medium from which it originated.

Reflection of light | Diffuse reflection

When light strikes the surface of a (non-metallic) material it bounces off in all directions due to multiple reflections by the microscopic irregularities inside the material (e.g. the grain boundaries of a polycrystalline material, or the cell or fiber boundaries of an organic material) and by its surface, if it is rough.

Reflection of light | Laws of reflection | Mechanism

Light waves incident on a material induce small oscillations of polarisation in the individual atoms (or oscillation of electrons, in metals), causing each particle to radiate a small secondary wave in all directions, like a dipole antenna.

Reflection of light | Complex conjugate reflection

In this process (which is also known as phase conjugation), light bounces exactly back in the direction from which it came due to a nonlinear optical process.

The exact form of the reflection depends on the structure of the material.

Other types of reflection | Sound reflection

For example, porous materials will absorb some energy, and rough materials (where rough is relative to the wavelength) tend to reflect in many directions—to scatter the energy, rather than to reflect it coherently.

Other types of reflection | Neutron reflection

Materials that reflect neutrons, for example beryllium, are used in nuclear reactors and nuclear weapons.

In contrast, when light reflects off of a material with lower refractive index the reflected light is in phase with the incident light.

When light reflects off of a material with higher refractive index than the medium in which is traveling, it undergoes a 180° phase shift.

In the physical and biological sciences, the reflection of neutrons off of atoms within a material is commonly used to determine the material's internal structure.

A reflection is when waves bounce off a change in materials.


Johannes Peter "Honus" Wagner (; February 24, 1874 – December 6, 1955), sometimes referred to as "Hans" Wagner, was an American baseball shortstop who played 21 seasons in Major League Baseball from 1897 to 1917, almost entirely for the Pittsburgh Pirates.

Professional career | Pittsburgh Pirates

Wagner was offered a $20,000 contract by the Chicago White Sox, but turned it down and continued to play with the Pirates.

Prior to 1904, Wagner had played several positions, but settled into the shortstop role full-time that season, where he became a skilled fielder.

Professional career | 1903 and 1909 World Series

They had me by a foot. You just booted the play, so come on, let's play ball.

Professional career | Life after baseball

Wagner was not finished playing baseball after his retirement from major league baseball.

Professional career | Louisville Colonels

Tommy Leach recounted his impressions of joining the Louisville club in 1898 with hopes of winning the starting job at third base:  I hardly had time to get settled before it hits me that this guy the Louisville club had at third base was practically doing the impossible.

The move to the Pittsburgh Pirates signified Wagner's emergence as a premier hitter.

Cobb denied it in his autobiography, and the play-by-play of the 1909 World Series confirms that the event could not have happened as stated: Cobb was never tagged out by Wagner in a caught-stealing.

Since Wagner hit .354 with 109 RBI in an environment when half as many runs were scored as today, he asks, "if you had a Gold Glove shortstop, like Wagner, who drove in 218 runs, what would he be worth?" In 1903, the Pirates played the Boston Americans in Major League Baseball's inaugural World Series.

In desperation, owner Barney Dreyfuss offered him $10,000 per year, making him the highest paid Pirate for many years.

Wagner has been considered one of the very best all-around players to ever play baseball since the day he retired in 1917.

Wagner played practically his whole career for the Pirates.


As a test to determine if a grown-up is enlightened and like a child, he shows them a picture that he drew at the age of 6 depicting a snake which has eaten an elephant.

Other: a number of musical references, game boards and a video game version of the novella have been released.

Without having yet heard of The Little Prince, in November, Werth discovered that Saint-Exupéry had published a fable the previous year in the U.S., which he had illustrated himself, and that it was dedicated to him.

The prince encountered a whole row of rosebushes, becoming downcast at having once thought that his own rose was unique and that she had lied.

" The Little Prince was created when Saint-Exupéry was "an expatriate and distraught about what was going on in his country and in the world." According to one analysis, "the story of the Little Prince features a lot of fantastical, unrealistic elements.... You can't ride a flock of birds to another planet... The fantasy of the Little Prince works because the logic of the story is based on the imagination of children, rather than the strict realism of adults.

The six absurd people the prince encountered earlier comprise, according to the narrator, just about the entire adult world.

Honours and legacy | Insignia and awards

Several other Little Prince Awards have also been established in Europe, meant to promote achievement and excellence in a variety of fields such as in assistance to autistic children, child literacy, children's literature (by adults), Puppetry theatre and theatre arts.

Honours and legacy | Museums and exhibits | Morgan exhibitions

One painting depicted the prince floating above Earth wearing a yellow scarf was wrinkled, having been crumpled up and thrown away before being retrieved for preservation.

The prince has since visited six other planets, each of which was inhabited by a single, irrational, narrow-minded adult, each meant to critique an element of society.

"I'm the Little Prince" was the reply.

The Little Prince tests adults by having them participate in a game of chance with him.


Christ the Redeemer (Portuguese: Cristo Redentor, standard Brazilian Portuguese: [ˈkɾistu ʁedenˈtoʁ], local pronunciation: [ˈkɾiɕtŭ̻ xe̞denˈtoɦ]) is an Art Deco statue of Jesus Christ in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, created by French sculptor Paul Landowski and built by Brazilian engineer Heitor da Silva Costa, in collaboration with French engineer Albert Caquot.

Spain - 12 m Jesus de Greatest in Imo, Nigeria, Africa's tallest statue of Jesus and fifth tallest statue on the continent (8.53 m) Cristo del Picacho in Tegucigalpa, Honduras

Christ the Redeemer in Rio Verde, Goiás, Brazil Christ in the Mount in Pitangui, Minas Gerais, Brazil

The restoration involved one hundred people and used more than 60,000 pieces of stone taken from the same quarry as the original statue.

A symbol of Christianity across the world, the statue has also become a cultural icon of both Rio de Janeiro and Brazil, and is listed as one of the New7Wonders of the World.

Christ of the Ozarks in Arkansas, United States, inspired by Rio's Christ the Redeemer (20 m) Christ of Vũng Tàu in Vietnam (32 m) Christ the King in Świebodzin, Poland (33 m) Christ of the Ozarks in Arkansas, United States, inspired by Rio's Christ the Redeemer (20 m) Christ of Vũng Tàu in Vietnam (32 m) Christ the King in Świebodzin, Poland (33 m) Christ the Redeemer of the Andes (Argentina/Chile) Christ the Sacred Heart of Jesus, Ibiza, Spain, inspired by Christ the Redeemer (23 m) Cristo Blanco in Cusco, Peru

Statue of Jesus Christ on the top of Sagrat Cor, Barcelona, Spain

The statue of Christ the Redeemer with open arms, a symbol of peace, was chosen.

Tas-Salvatur, Malta (12 m) Statue of Jesus Christ, Monte Urgull, Donostia-San Sebastian,

The original pale stone is no longer available in sufficient quantity, and replacement stones are increasingly darker in hue.

Christ the redeemer is not the tallest stone Jesus statue on Earth, but was made entirely by a guy from Brazil.


A sporting goods store bearing the name "Honus Wagner" operated in downtown Pittsburgh for 93 years before closing permanently in 2011.The Pirates hosted the 1944 Major League Baseball All-Star Game at Forbes Field.

He also ran a well-known sporting goods company.

Professional career | T206 Baseball card

On April 6, 2013, a 1909–11 T206 baseball card featuring Honus Wagner sold at auction for $2.1 million.

Professional career | Career before Major League Baseball

Barrow proved to be a good talent scout, as Wagner could play wherever he was needed, including all three bases and the outfield.

I'm sitting on the bench the first day I reported, and along about the third inning an opposing batter smacks a line drive down the third-base line that looked like at least a sure double.

The stadium serves as the home field for Carlynton High School varsity sports.

He starred as a sports hero in 1919's Spring Fever with Moe Howard and Shemp Howard of the Three Stooges.

According to an October 12, 1912 issue of The Sporting News, Wagner did not give his consent to appear on the baseball card.

The Historical Society of Carnegie History Center houses the Honus Wagner Sports Museum which includes many Wagner collectibles and memorabilia.

A 1942 Sporting News poll of 100 former players and managers confirmed this opinion, with Wagner finishing 43 votes behind Cobb and six ahead of Ruth.

Honus Wagner's sporting goods store permanently closed in 2013.


While the criminal behaviour of Vichy France was consistently acknowledged, this point of view denied any responsibility of the state of France, alleging that acts committed between 1940 and 1944 were unconstitutional acts devoid of legitimacy.

In 1994 former Vichy official Paul Touvier (1915–1996) was convicted of crimes against humanity.

Historiographical debates and "Vichy Syndrome" | "Sword and shield" argument

Today, the few remaining Vichy supporters continue to maintain the official argument advanced by Pétain and Laval: the state collaboration was supposed to protect the French civilian population from the hardships of the Occupation.

Critics contend that this itinerary, shared by others (although few had such public roles), demonstrates France's collective amnesia, while others point out that the perception of the war and of the state collaboration has evolved during these years.

In 1993, former Vichy official René Bousquet was assassinated while he awaited prosecution in Paris following a 1991 inculpation for crimes against humanity; he had been prosecuted but partially acquitted and immediately amnestied in 1949.

Fall of France and establishment of the Vichy government | Conditions of armistice and 10 July 1940 vote of full powers | Vichy government

Marseilles had a reputation as an organized crime hub.

Many officials, including Prime Minister Paul Reynaud, wanted to move the government to French territories in North Africa, and continue the war with the French Navy and colonial resources.

Most of the overseas French colonies were originally under Vichy control, though a few rallied to Charles de Gaulle's Allied-oriented Free France.

Only four senior Vichy officials were tried for crimes against humanity, although many more had participated in the deportation of Jews for internment in Nazi concentration camps, abuses of prisoners, and severe acts against members of the Resistance.

Papon was convicted in 1998 as having been complicit with the Nazis in crimes against humanity.

Condemned for crimes against humanity in 1998.

Vichy France only had a few officials repremanded for war crimes.


After the declaration of a united Kingdom of Italy, Cavour took office as the first Prime Minister of Italy; he died after only three months in office, and thus did not live to see Venetia or Rome added to the new Italian nation.

Camillo Paolo Filippo Giulio Benso, Count of Cavour, Isolabella and Leri (10 August 1810 – 6 June 1861), generally known as Cavour ( kə-VOOR, Italian: [kaˈvur]), was an Italian statesman and a leading figure in the movement toward Italian unification.

In 1865, the Collegio dei Nobili, the oldest high school in Turin (founded 1568), and among the oldest and most prominent ones in Italy, was renamed the Liceo Ginnasio statale "Camillo Benso di Cavour" (Liceo classico Cavour).

He was the second of two sons of Michele Giuseppe Francesco Antonio Benso, 4th Marquess of Cavour and Count of Isolabella and Leri, Lord of Corveglia, Dusino, Mondonio, Ottiglio and Ponticelli, Co-Lord of Castagnole, Cellarengo and Menabi, Cereaglio, Chieri, San Salvatore Monferrato, Santena and Valfenera, 1st Baron of the French Empire (1781–1850) and his wife (1805) Adélaïde (Adèle) Suzanne, Marchioness of Sellon (1780–1846), herself of French origin.

Camillo Benso was born in Turin during Napoleonic rule, into a family that had gained a fair amount of land during the French occupation.

In 1861, Victor Emmanuel II declared the Kingdom of Italy, making Cavour  Prime Minister of Italy.

Most Italians thought Rome must be capital of a united Italy, but this conflicted with the temporal power of the Pope and also the independence of the Church.

After his death, Italy would gain Venice in 1866 in the course of the Third Italian War of Independence, connected to the Austro-Prussian War.

His godparents were Napoleon's sister Pauline, and her husband, Prince Camillo Borghese, after whom Camillo was named.

Creating Italy was no easy task, but ruling it proved a worse strain on the Prime Minister.

Camillo Benso, Count of Cavour, was an Italian statesman that was the 1st Prime Minister of Italy.


Borobudur, or Barabudur (Indonesian: Candi Borobudur, Javanese: ꦕꦤ꧀ꦣꦶꦧꦫꦧꦸꦣꦸꦂ, romanized: Candhi Barabudhur) is a 9th-century Mahayana Buddhist temple in Magelang Regency, not far from the town of Muntilan, in Central Java, Indonesia.

It is the world's largest Buddhist temple.

History | Contemporary events | Religious ceremony

Vesak is an official national holiday in Indonesia, and the ceremony is centered at the three Buddhist temples by walking from Mendut to Pawon and ending at Borobudur.

The rediscovery and reconstruction of Borobudur has been hailed by Indonesian Buddhist as the sign of the Buddhist revival in Indonesia.

Borobudur remains popular for pilgrimage, with Buddhists in Indonesia celebrating Vesak Day at the monument.

During the restoration in the early 20th century, it was discovered that three Buddhist temples in the region, Borobudur, Pawon and Mendut, are positioned along a straight line.

Once a year, thousands of Buddhist from Indonesia and neighboring countries flock to Borobudur to commemorate national Vesak ceremony.

Construction of Buddhist temples, including Borobudur, at that time was possible because Sanjaya's immediate successor, Rakai Panangkaran, granted his permission to the Buddhist followers to build such temples.

This opportunity was used by a few local Buddhists to revive Buddhism in Indonesia.

The Buddhist monuments, including Borobudur, were erected around the same period as the Hindu Shiva Prambanan temple compound.

Borobudur is the biggest Buddhist temple in Indonesia.


In addition, the Norwegian languages share mutual intelligibility with Danish and Swedish.

Students who are children of immigrant parents are encouraged to learn the Norwegian language.

Emigration  Particularly in the 19th century, when economic conditions were difficult in Norway, tens of thousands of people migrated to the United States and Canada, where they could work and buy land in frontier areas.

Norwegians are an ethnic North Germanic people.

The Norwegian constitution Article 6 states that "For those born before the year 1990 it shall...be the case that a male shall take precedence over a female." The Sámi people have for centuries been the subject of discrimination and abuse by the dominant cultures in Scandinavia and Russia, those countries claiming possession of Sámi lands.

Norway comprises the western and northernmost part of Scandinavia in Northern Europe.

The harvest failed in Scandinavia at least nine times between 1740 and 1800, with great loss of life.

The arrival of Christianity around the year 1000 brought Norway into contact with European medieval learning, hagiography and history writing.

After centuries of close ties between Norway and Denmark, a prince from the latter was the obvious choice for a European prince who could best relate to the Norwegian people.

Strong authors were inspired who became recognised first in Scandinavia, and then worldwide; among them were Henrik Wergeland, Peter Christen Asbjørnsen, Jørgen Moe and Camilla Collett.

In this way, the losses incurred by the market turmoil was recuperated by November 2009.Other nations with economies based on natural resources, such as Russia, are trying to learn from Norway by establishing similar funds.

Norwegian is difficult for people in Scandinavia to learn.


In turn, he was ultimately assassinated by his own half brothers, Dingane and Mhlangana.

Expansion of power and conflict with Zwide

In the mid-1820s Henry Francis Fynn provided medical treatment to the king after an assassination attempt by a rival tribe member hidden in a crowd (see account of Nathaniel Isaacs).

Social and military revolution | Mobility of the army

Historian John Laband dismisses these stories as myth, writing: "What are we to make, then, of [European trader Henry Francis]

Scholarship studies | The Mfecane | Disruptions of the Mfecane

One (Nathaniel Isaacs) wrote to Henry Fynn, a white adventurer, trader and sometime local chieftain: Here you are about to publish.

Scholarship studies | Biographical sources

Isaacs was aided in this by Henry Francis Fynn, whose diary (actually a rewritten collage of various papers) was edited by James Stuart only in 1950.Their accounts may be balanced by the rich resource of oral histories collected around 1900 by the same James Stuart, now published in six volumes as The James Stuart Archive.

[Fynn] stated that Shaka had killed 'a million people.'

Shaka Zulu, an SABC TV miniseries about Shaka, which starred Henry Cele in the title role.

Shaka's corpse was dumped by his assassins in an empty grain pit, which was then filled with stones and mud.

Fynn complies, and Wylie notes that he had an additional motive to distort Shaka's image

The Zulu monarch was killed by three assassins sometime in 1828; September is the most frequently cited date, when almost all available

Shaka was assassinated by Henry Francis Fynn.


He was signed by the Detroit Tigers in 1939 at the age of 18.

After being released by the Tigers following the 1953 season, Newhouser signed on with the Cleveland Indians and was their top long reliever in 1954, when Cleveland won 111 games and the pennant.

Eventually, he served as a scout for the Baltimore Orioles, Cleveland Indians,  Detroit Tigers, and Houston Astros.

In Major League Baseball (MLB), he pitched 17 seasons on the Detroit Tigers and Cleveland Indians, from 1939 through 1955.

Ten minutes after he signed, someone arrived from the Cleveland Indians; that employee had been prepared to offer $15,000 to his parents in addition to a $4,000 car.

During his playing days, Newhouser's teammates nicknamed him "Prince Hal" because of the way he carried himself.

He won the pitcher's Triple Crown, leading the AL in wins (25, against nine losses), ERA (1.81) and strikeouts (212); he also led the league in innings pitched, games started, complete games and shutouts.

Newhouser won the second Sporting News Pitcher of the Year Award.

He became the youngest player (24) to win the award in two consecutive years.

Newhouser continued to rate among the game's best pitchers for the next five years.

Hal started playing for the Cleveland Indians when he was 18 years old.


Thompson has said of her religious views: I'm an atheist ... I regard religion with fear and suspicion.

I Am Legend (2007), Thompson played the devoutly Catholic Lady Marchmain in a 2008 film adaptation of Brideshead Revisited.

Thompson has been a campaigner since her youth.

Thompson is also an active environmentalist.

In 2018, Thompson said she would like to write about

Acting career | 2010s: Veteran performer

Thompson plays Elizabeth Eastlake and

Acting career | 1990–1993: A leading British actress

Thompson was widely praised for the on-screen chemistry with Branagh and the natural ease with which she played the role marking another critical success for Thompson.

" The couple have a daughter, Gaia, a pregnancy that was achieved through IVF treatment when Thompson was 39.In 2003, Thompson and Wise were married in Dunoon.

She has one sister, Sophie Thompson, who also works as an actress.

Thompson graduated with upper second-class honours.

In 2008, Thompson announced that she and Wise "had written a script together about John Ruskin, the Victorian art critic, which we want to make into a film." After meeting with Thompson and her producers, Potboiler Productions, Murphy was offered a screenwriting fee and co-screenwriting credit with Thompson in settlement of his claim.

Thompson is a devout Catholic.


The marriage lasted until McLean's death in 1994; Stewart died of a pulmonary embolism three years later.

Stewart's wife Gloria died of lung cancer on February 16, 1994.

Stewart was recast in Vivacious Lady at Rogers's insistence and due to his performance in Of Human Hearts.

Career | Television and semi-retirement (1971–1991)

Stewart remained in the public eye due to his frequent visits to the Reagan White House.

Stewart was offered the role of Howard Beale in Network (1976), but refused it due to its explicit language.

In December 1996, he was due to have the battery in his pacemaker changed but opted not to.

Personal life | Friendships, interests, and character

An award for Boy Scouts, "The James M. Stewart Good Citizenship Award" has been presented since 2003.

Personal life | Romantic relationships, marriage and family

Stewart and Hatrick were married at Brentwood Presbyterian Church on August 9, 1949, and remained married until her death from lung cancer in 1994.Stewart and Hatrick made their home in Beverly Hills, living in a house they purchased in 1951 until their deaths.

To his disappointment, he was relegated to the third-tier football team due to his slender physique.

According to his teachers this was not from a lack of intelligence, but due to being creative and having a tendency to daydream.

Following the assassination of Senator Robert F. Kennedy in 1968, Stewart, Charlton Heston, Kirk Douglas and Gregory Peck issued a statement calling for support of President Lyndon B. Johnson's Gun Control Act of 1968.Stewart actively supported Reagan's bid for the Republican presidential nomination in 1976.

James Stewart expired due to issues with his lungs.


The Commodores then became established as a popular soul group.

Beginning in 1968, Richie was a member of the funk and soul band the Commodores.

He broke the silence in 1996 with Louder Than Words, on which he resisted any change of style or the musical fashion-hopping of the past decade, sticking instead with his chosen path of well-crafted soul music, which in the intervening years has become known as contemporary R&B.

Richie was also awarded an Honorary Doctorate of Music.

The Commodores became established as a popular soul group; their first several albums had a danceable, funky sound, as in such tracks as "Machine Gun" and "Brick House".

Richie considered studying divinity to become a priest in the Episcopal Church, but he ultimately decided he was not "priest material" and decided to continue his musical career.

In May 2017, Lionel Richie was honored at Berklee College of Music during the 2017 Commencement Concert where graduating students performed a medley of his discography.

He considered becoming an Episcopalian priest instead of taking up a career in music.

"My Love". The album hit No. 3 on the music charts and sold over four million copies.

"My Love". The album hit No. 3 on the music charts and sold over 4 million copies.

Richie invented soul music.


The film was remade in Bollywood as Aashiqui 2 in 2013.

A Star Is Born, itself a remake, was again remade in 1976 with Barbra Streisand and Kris Kristofferson.

Filming began April 17, 2017, and the film was released on October 5, 2018.All four of the official " A Star is Born" movies have been nominated for at least four Academy Awards.

A Star Is Born with his then-wife Judy Garland in the lead role.

The latest remake of A Star Is Born stars Bradley Cooper and Lady Gaga, who also created new music for the project.

For her performance in A Star Is Born, Garland was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actress.

A Star Is Born is a 1954 American musical film written by Moss Hart, starring Judy Garland and James Mason, and directed by George Cukor.

It is the second of four official adaptations of A Star Is Born, with the first in 1937 starring Janet Gaynor and Fredric March, the third in 1976 starring Barbra Streisand and Kris Kristofferson and the fourth in 2018 starring Lady Gaga and Bradley Cooper.

A Star Is Born cost more than $5 million, making it one of the more expensive films made in Hollywood at that time.

In the spring of 1984, the restored A Star Is Born was reissued and shown at the Ziegfeld Theatre in New York City and for this engagement, an outtake of Garland's performing "The Man That Got Away' in a different costume and hairstyle was included.

A Star Is Born has been remade in Bollywood in 2012, and again most recently in 2017.


Contemporaries considered Richard as both a king and a knight famed for personal martial prowess; this was, apparently, the first such instance of this combination.

His ambition was that of a mere warrior: he would fight for anything whatever, but he would sell everything that was worth fighting for.

Early life and accession in Aquitaine | Final years of Henry II's reign

His opponents turned to Philip II of France for support, and the fighting spread through the Limousin and Périgord.

He remains one of the few kings of England remembered more commonly by his epithet than his regnal number, and is an enduring iconic figure both in England and in France.

Early life and accession in Aquitaine | Childhood

Although he was born in Oxford and brought up in England up to his eighth year, it is not known to what extent he used or understood English; he was an educated man who composed poetry and wrote in Limousin (lenga d'òc) and also in French.

Life after the Third Crusade | Captivity, ransom and return

His mishap was soon known to England, but the regents were for some weeks uncertain of his whereabouts.

The coat of three lions continues to represent England on several coins of the pound sterling, forms the basis of several emblems of English national sports teams (such as the England national football team, and the team's "Three Lions" anthem), and endures as one of the most recognisable national symbols of England.

One of the specific charges laid against Longchamp, by John's supporter Hugh Nonant, was that he could not speak English.

On this campaign, Richard acquired the name "the Lion" or "the Lionheart" due to his noble, brave and fierce leadership.

The Emperor demanded that 150,000 marks (100,000 pounds of silver) be delivered to him before he would release the King, the same amount raised by the Saladin tithe only a few years earlier, and 2–3 times the annual income for the English Crown under Richard.

This indicates that by the late 12th century a knowledge of English was expected of those in positions of authority in England.

Richard I of England is one of the few English kings that could not actually hold his own in a fight, and is known for losing fights one-on-one, despite his warmongering leadership style.


During the course of this work, he wrote After the Thin Man and Another Thin Man, which, discovered amongst Hammett's papers in 2011, together with instructions by Hammett for incorporation of additional elements written by screenwriters Albert Hackett and Frances Goodrich, were edited by Hammett's biographer Richard Layman in collaboration with Hammett's granddaughter Julie M. Rivett and published as novellas in Return of the Thin Man in 2012.

The Thin Man (1934) is a detective novel by Dashiell Hammett, originally published in the December 1933 issue of Redbook.

Following the success of the movie version of The Thin Man in 1934, Hammett was commissioned to work on screenplays for sequels.

Although Hammett lived until 1961, The Thin Man was his last published novel.

The Thin Man television series aired on NBC from 1957–59, and starred  Peter Lawford and Phyllis Kirk .In 1999, Knopf published a collection of Hammett's early works, including an early draft of The Thin Man.

Hammett never wrote a sequel but the book became the basis for a successful six-part film series, which also began in 1934 with The Thin Man and starred William Powell and Myrna Loy.

While some story elements were used in one of the sequel movies, this early draft is very different from the final published novel.

Lillian Hellman, in an introduction to a compilation of Hammett's five novels, contemplated several explanations for Hammett's retirement as a novelist,  I have been asked many times over the years why he did not write another novel after The Thin Man.

No sequels to The Thin Man by Dashiell Hammet were ever published.


Edwin Donald "Duke" Snider (September 19, 1926 – February 27, 2011), nicknamed "The Silver Fox" and "The Duke of Flatbush", was an American professional baseball player.

Some of Snider's MLB achievements:  NL

He was named to the All-Star Game in Cleveland, his eighth and final selection.

Major leagues | 1955 MVP balloting controversy

Posnanski writes that there was a writer who did leave Snider off his ballot and write in Campanella's name twice, but it was in first and sixth positions, not first and fifth.

Snider was named to the National League (NL) All-Star roster eight times and was the NL Most Valuable Player (MVP) runner-up in 1955.

It was assumed that the writer had meant to write Snider's name into one of those slots.

On April 16, 1963, Snider recorded his 2,000th hit, doing so at Crosley Field against the Cincinnati Reds on a single off Jim Maloney in the 2nd inning.

He entered the game as a pinch hitter for Tommy Davis in the top of the ninth inning.

All-Star (1950–56, 1963) All-Star (1950–56, 1963) NL MVP runner-up (1955) NL home run leader (1956) NL RBI leader (1955) NL leader in fielding average as center fielder (1951, 1952, 1955) World Series champion team (1955, 1959) Los Angeles Dodgers: career leader in home runs (389), RBI (1,271), strikeouts (1,123), and extra-base hits (814) Los Angeles Dodgers: single-season record holder for most intentional walks (26 in 1956) Only player to hit four home runs (or more) in two different World Series (1952, 1955) One of two players (besides Gil Hodges) with over 1,000 RBI during the 1950s

Hit 19 home runs off of Robin Roberts; the all-time record for most home runs off of a single pitcher

On June 14, he recorded his 400th home run, once again against the Reds, doing so in the first inning off Bob Purkey.

Snider had 2 other names he was referred to in MLB.


Diplomatic negotiations with China resulted in the 1984 Sino-British Joint Declaration, in which the United Kingdom agreed to transfer the colony in 1997 and China would guarantee Hong Kong's economic and political systems for 50 years after the transfer.

By the early 1990s, Hong Kong had established itself as a global financial centre and shipping hub.

Chinese national law does not generally apply in the region and Hong Kong is treated as a separate jurisdiction.

Hong Kong represents itself separately from mainland China, with its own sports teams in international competitions.

Public finances are handled separately from the national government; taxes levied in Hong Kong do not fund the central authority.

As a special administrative region, Hong Kong maintains separate governing and economic systems from that of mainland China under a principle of "one country, two

The central government and Ministry of Foreign Affairs handle diplomatic matters, but Hong Kong retains the ability to maintain separate economic and cultural relations with foreign nations.

Government and politics | Political reforms and sociopolitical issues

Hong Kong's political and judicial systems may be integrated with China's at that time, or the territory may continue to be administered separately.

The genre's popularity peaked in the 1990s, when the Four Heavenly Kings dominated Asian record charts.

At the height of the local movie industry in the early 1990s, over 400 films were produced each year; since then, industry momentum shifted to mainland China.

This was influenced by British-style education, a separate political system, and the territory's rapid development during the late 20th century.

Hong Kong separated from the U.K. in the 1990s.


It is located at 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue NW in Washington, D.C., and has been the residence of every U.S. president since John Adams in 1800.

Construction of the White House began with the laying of the cornerstone on October 13, 1792, although there was no formal ceremony.

The White House since the Kennedy restoration | Grounds

During the mid-to-late 19th century a series of ever larger greenhouses were built on the west side of the house, where the current West Wing is located.

He lived at the first, known as the Franklin House and owned by Treasury Commissioner Samuel Osgood, at 3 Cherry Street through late February 1790.

The sandstone walls were erected by Scottish immigrants, employed by Hoban, as were the high-relief rose and garland decorations above the north entrance and the "fish scale" pattern beneath the pediments of the window hoods.

Evolution of the White House | Early use, the 1814 fire, and rebuilding

Employees and slaves rescued a painting of George Washington, and in 1939, a Canadian man returned a jewelry box to President Franklin Roosevelt, claiming that his grandfather had taken it from Washington.

In 1814, during the War of 1812, the White House was set ablaze by British troops during the Burning of Washington, in retaliation for burning of Port Dover and other towns in Upper Canada; much of Washington was affected by these fires as well.

Public access and security | Closure of Pennsylvania Avenue

The Pennsylvania Avenue closing has been opposed by organized civic groups in Washington,

On his return to the U.S. he then shared the influence with Washington, Hoban, Monroe, and Benjamin Henry Latrobe.

Italian artisans, brought to Washington to help in constructing the U.S. Capitol, carved the decorative stonework on both porticos.

Early history | Architectural competition

The President's House was a major feature of Pierre (Peter) Charles L'Enfant's 1791 plan for the newly established federal city, Washington, D.C. Washington and his Secretary of State Thomas Jefferson, who both had personal interests in architecture, agreed that the design of the White House, and the Capital, would be chosen in a design competition.

Since the house was too small to accommodate the thirty people that made up the presidential family, staff, and servants, Washington had it enlarged.

The White is a house in Washington D.C. and was erected in the late 1700s.


Maintenance work needs to be conducted periodically due to the strong winds and erosion to which the statue is exposed, as well as lightning strikes.

Lightning struck the statue during a violent thunderstorm on February 10, 2008, causing some damage to the fingers, head and eyebrows.

Christ of the Ozarks in Arkansas, United States, inspired by Rio's Christ the Redeemer (20 m) Christ of Vũng Tàu in Vietnam (32 m) Christ the King in Świebodzin, Poland (33 m) Christ of the Ozarks in Arkansas, United States, inspired by Rio's Christ the Redeemer (20 m) Christ of Vũng Tàu in Vietnam (32 m) Christ the King in Świebodzin, Poland (33 m) Christ the Redeemer of the Andes (Argentina/Chile) Christ the Sacred Heart of Jesus, Ibiza, Spain, inspired by Christ the Redeemer (23 m) Cristo Blanco in Cusco, Peru

Christ the Redeemer (Portuguese: Cristo Redentor, standard Brazilian Portuguese: [ˈkɾistu ʁedenˈtoʁ], local pronunciation: [ˈkɾiɕtŭ̻ xe̞denˈtoɦ]) is an Art Deco statue of Jesus Christ in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, created by French sculptor Paul Landowski and built by Brazilian engineer Heitor da Silva Costa, in collaboration with French engineer Albert Caquot.

The designs considered for the "Statue of the Christ" included a representation of the Christian cross, a statue of Jesus with a globe in his hands, and a pedestal symbolizing the world.

The statue of Christ the Redeemer with open arms, a symbol of peace, was chosen.

Christ the Redeemer in Rio Verde, Goiás, Brazil Christ in the Mount in Pitangui, Minas Gerais, Brazil

The donations came mostly from Brazilian Catholics.

Cristo del Otero in Palencia , Spain built in 1930 (21 m) Cristo Rey (statue, Mexico) located on the Cerro del Cubilete in Guanajuato, Mexico, inspired by Rio's Christ the Redeemer (23 m) Cristo Rey in Tenancingo, México, México (30 m) Christ Blessing in Manado, North Sulawesi, Indonesia (30 m) Christ of Havana in Havana, Cuba, inspired by Christ the Redeemer (20 m) Christ of the Abyss in various underwater locations

The King Lebanon Another imitation statue of Christ the Redeemer is at Nellore, Andhra Pradesh, India.(Shrish Patil) imitation at Kovalam, near Trivandrum, Kerala, India.

A group of engineers and technicians studied Landowski's submissions and felt building the structure of reinforced concrete (designed by Albert Caquot) instead of steel was more suitable for the cross-shaped statue.

Statue of Jesus Christ on the top of Sagrat Cor, Barcelona, Spain

The Christ the Redeemer statue has been divinely protected from fire-bolts and storms crossing the Brazilian skies.


In Quinn's autobiography, The Original Sin: A Self-portrait by Anthony Quinn, he denied being the son of an "Irish adventurer" and attributed that tale to Hollywood publicists.

Quinn was born Manuel Antonio (according to his baptismal record) Rodolfo Quinn Oaxaca on April 21, 1915, in Chihuahua, Mexico, during the Mexican Revolution to Manuela "Nellie" (née Oaxaca) and Francisco "Frank" Quinn.

Frank Quinn was born to an Irish immigrant father from County Cork and a Mexican mother.

1966).In the 1970s, during his marriage to Addolori, Quinn also had two children with an event producer in Los Angeles named Friedel Dunbar: Sean Quinn (born February 7, 1973) and Alexander Anthony Quinn (born December 30, 1976).

In his birthplace Chihuahua, Mexico, there is a statue of Quinn doing his famous "Zorba the Greek" dance.

Career | Return to Hollywood and Broadway

In fact, Quinn left the production for a film, never having played Becket, and director Peter Glenville suggested a road tour with Olivier as Henry.

They had three children: Francesco Quinn (March 22, 1963 – August 5, 2011), Danny Quinn (born April 16, 1964), and Lorenzo Quinn (born May 7,

Manuel Antonio Rodolfo Quinn Oaxaca (April 21, 1915 – June 3, 2001), known professionally as Anthony Quinn, was a Mexican-American actor, painter, writer and film director who achieved international renown.

By the 1990s, Quinn then had two children with his secretary, Katherine Benvin; daughter Antonia Patricia Rose Quinn (born July 23, 1993) and son Ryan Nicholas Quinn (born July 5, 1996).

The couple had five children: Christopher (1938–1941), Christina (born December 1, 1941), Catalina (born November 21, 1942), Duncan (born August 4, 1945), and Valentina (born December 26, 1952).

Anthony Quinn was a Latinx actor who was born in Chihuahua and claimed to not have an Irish father.


Physical characteristics | Atmosphere | Other features

Cassini observed a series of cloud features nicknamed "String of Pearls" found in northern latitudes.

Saturn has 82 known moons, 53 of which have formal names.

Saturn is named after the Roman god of wealth and agriculture; its astronomical symbol (♄) represents the god's sickle.

At least 82 moons are known to orbit Saturn, of which 53 are officially named; this does not include the hundreds of moonlets in its rings.

Traditionally, most of Saturn's moons have been named after Titans of Greek mythology.

Physical characteristics | Atmosphere | Cloud layers

In the upper cloud layers, with the temperature in the range 100–160 K and pressures extending between 0.5–2 bar, the clouds consist of ammonia ice.

The composition of the clouds varies with depth and increasing pressure.

History of observation and exploration | Ancient observations

In ancient Roman mythology, the planet Phainon was sacred to this agricultural god, from which the planet takes its modern name.

Physical characteristics | Atmosphere | North pole hexagonal cloud pattern

The hexagonal feature does not shift in longitude like the other clouds in the visible atmosphere.

Saturn's finer cloud patterns were not observed until the flybys of the Voyager spacecraft during the 1980s.

In Ottoman Turkish, Urdu and Malay, the name of Zazel is 'Zuhal', derived from the Arabic language (Arabic: زحل, romanized: Zuhal).

Saturn has clouds that are named after plants that are farmed.


Pope Innocent III (Latin: Innocentius III; 1160 or 1161 – 16 July 1216), born Lotario dei

The Council had set the beginning of the Fifth Crusade for 1217, under the direct leadership of the Church.

The Cardinal, who was the confessor of Pope Innocent III, was immediately sympathetic to Francis and agreed to represent Francis to the pope.

As pope, Innocent III began with a very wide sense of his responsibility and of his authority.

Biography | Crusades and suppression of heresy

Pope Innocent III spent a majority of his tenure as Pope (1198–1216) preparing for a great crusade on the Holy Land.

Moore, John C. " Pope Innocent III, Sardinia, and the Papal State.

Moore, John C. Pope Innocent III (1160/61-1216): To Root Up and to Plant.

At the request of England's King John, Pope Innocent III declared the Magna Carta annulled, resulting in a rebellion by the English Barons who rejected the disenfranchisement.

Bolton, Brenda, Innocent III.

, 2 vol. , 2 vol. Tillman, Helen, Pope Innocent III, New York, 1980. (in French) Théry-Astruc, Julien, "Introduction", in Innocent III et le Midi (Cahiers de Fanjeaux, 50), Toulouse, Privat, 2015,

Pope Innocent III passed away in 1217.


Despite its pagan links, the statue remained standing well into the medieval era and was credited with magical powers.

However, it has suffered extensive damage over the centuries, with large segments having collapsed following earthquakes.

The building was constructed by emperors of the Flavian dynasty, following the reign of Nero.

History | Construction, inauguration, and Roman renovations

Vespasian's decision to build the Colosseum on the site of Nero's lake can be seen as a populist gesture of returning to the people an area of the city which Nero had appropriated for his own use.

It was devastated by the Great Fire of Rome in 64 AD, following which Nero seized much of the area to add to his personal domain.

In antiquity, Romans may have referred to the Colosseum by the unofficial name Amphitheatrum Caesareum (with Caesareum an adjective pertaining to the title Caesar), but this name may have been strictly poetic as it was not exclusive to the Colosseum; Vespasian and Titus, builders of the Colosseum, also constructed an amphitheater of the same name in Puteoli (modern Pozzuoli).The name Colosseum is believed to be derived from a colossal statue of Nero that once stood nearby.

The north side of the perimeter wall is still standing; the distinctive triangular brick wedges at each end are modern additions, having been constructed in the early 19th century to shore up the wall.

The existing Aqua Claudia aqueduct was extended to supply water to the area and the gigantic bronze Colossus of Nero was set up nearby at the entrance to the Domus Aurea.

The Colosseum could hold an estimated 50,000 to 80,000 spectators at various points of its history over the centuries, having an average audience of some 65,000; it was used for gladiatorial contests and public spectacles such as mock sea battles (for only a short time as the hypogeum was soon filled in with mechanisms to support the other activities), animal hunts, executions, re-enactments of famous battles, and dramas based on Roman mythology.

Works modeled on, or inspired by, the Colosseum

The Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum entrance was inspired by the Colosseum.

The Palazzo della Civilta Italiana was very closely modelled on the Colosseum.

An effigy of Nero, near the Colosseum, was thought to have mystical properties.


He was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1946.

He is one of two modern (post-1901) pitchers to win 40 or more games in a single season.

From 1906 to 1912, he had several seasons where he was one of the best pitchers in baseball.

Walsh was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1946.

He also struck out at least one batter each inning of that game; this feat has since been duplicated only once, by Bob Gibson in the 1968 World Series opener.

In 2011, he was inducted into the Irish American Baseball Hall of Fame.

He is the last pitcher from any team to throw more than 400 innings in a single season, a feat that he most recently accomplished in 1908.

Edward Augustine "Big Ed" Walsh (May 14, 1881 – May 26, 1959) was an American pitcher and manager in Major League Baseball.

Interviewed for the book The Glory of Their Times, Hall of Famer Sam Crawford referred to Walsh's use of a pitch that was later outlawed: "Big Ed Walsh.

Walsh also set an American League record by pitching 464 innings in a season.

Ed Walsh is one of the two pitchers to win 40 or more games in one season but was banned from joining the baseball hall of fame due to gambling.


It is written in the Epic dialect of Ancient Greek and contains 1022 lines.

Although it is often used as a sourcebook for Greek mythology, the Theogony is both more and less than that.

Prometheus asked Zeus' opinion on which offering pile he found more desirable, hoping to trick the god into selecting the less desirable portion.

The genealogies | Descendants of Gaia and Pontus

After Uranus's castration, Gaia mated with her son, Pontus (Sea), producing a descendent line consisting primarily of sea deities, sea nymphs, and hybrid monsters.

The written form of the Theogony was established in the 6th century BC.

One of the principal components of the Theogony is the presentation of the "Succession Myth".

Rather, the point is that the authority of kingship now belongs to the poetic voice, the voice that is declaiming the Theogony.

Johnson, Kimberly, Theogony and Works and Days: A New Critical Edition, Northwestern University Press, 2017.

In the Theogony, the origin (arche) is Chaos, a divine primordial condition, and there are the roots and the ends of the earth, sky, sea, and Tartarus.

The last offspring of Ceto and Phorcys was a serpent (unnamed in the Theogony, later called Ladon, by Apollodorus) who guards the golden apples.

Theogony has less than 100 lines.


Hamlet is considered among the most powerful and influential works of world literature, with a story capable of "seemingly endless retelling and adaptation by others".

Hamlet is one of the most quoted works in the English language, and is often included on lists of the world's greatest literature.

Context and interpretation | Psychoanalytic | Sigmund Freud

"These ideas, which became a cornerstone of Freud's psychological theories, he named the "Oedipus Complex", and, at one point, he considered calling it the "Hamlet Complex".

Other scholars consider this inconclusive.

It was one of Shakespeare's most popular works during his lifetime and still ranks among his most performed, topping the performance list of the Royal Shakespeare Company and its predecessors in Stratford-upon-Avon since 1879.

Konstantin Stanislavski and Edward Gordon Craig—two of the 20th century's most influential theatre practitioners—collaborated on the Moscow Art Theatre's seminal production of 1911–12.

Analysis and criticism | Critical history

By the mid-18th century, however, the advent of Gothic literature brought psychological and mystical readings, returning madness and the ghost to the forefront.

This work specifically advises royal retainers to amuse their masters with inventive language.

In 1598, Francis Meres published his Palladis Tamia, a survey of English literature from Chaucer to its present day, within which twelve of Shakespeare's plays are named.

As John Kerrigan discusses, Milton originally considered writing his epic poem Paradise Lost (1667) as a tragedy.

It has been considered as one of the most influential works of literature.


King Henry IV, a promoter of the arts by all classes of people, invited hundreds of artists and craftsmen to live and work on the building's lower floors.

The art and architecture of his reign have become known as the "Henry IV style" since that time.

During the reign of Henry IV, rivalry continued among France, the Habsburg rulers of Spain, and the Holy Roman Empire for the mastery of Western Europe.

International relations under Henry IV | Ottoman Empire

It granted numerous advantages to France in the Ottoman Empire.

Henry IV (French: Henri IV; 13 December 1553 – 14 May 1610), also known by the epithet Good King Henry or Henry the Great, was King of Navarre (as Henry III) from 1572 and King of France from 1589 to 1610.

International relations under Henry IV | Spain and Italy

Their conflicts were settled in the Treaty of Lyon of 1601, which mandated territorial exchanges between France and the Duchy of Savoy.

International relations under Henry IV | East Asia

The Corbin was wrecked in the Maldives, leading to the adventure of François Pyrard de Laval, who managed to return to France in 1611.

France laid claim to New France (now Canada).

In 1604, a "Peace Treaty and Capitulation" was signed between Henry IV and the Ottoman Sultan Ahmet I.

When Henry III died, Henry of Navarre nominally became king of France.

Henry IV of France was a patron of the arts.