tasksource/fool-me-twice huggingface dataset:
Claim: Mariano Rivera is the eldest of his siblings.
Wikipedia page: Mariano Rivera (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: Rivera has one older sister, Delia, and two younger brothers, Alvaro and Giraldo.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Zenger's first job was helping his father with the family business.
Wikipedia page: John Peter Zenger (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: The Zenger family immigrated to New York in 1710 as part of a large group of German Palatines, and Nicolaus Zenger was one of those who died before settlement.:1123 The governor of New York had agreed to provide apprenticeships for all the children of immigrants from the Palatinate, and John Peter was bound for eight years as an apprentice to William Bradford, the first printer in New York.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Doctor Zhivago is a film based on a book of the same name and is a comedy by Geraldine Chaplin.
Wikipedia page: Doctor Zhivago (film) (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Doctor Zhivago (Italian: Il dottor Živago) is a 1965 epic romantic drama film directed by David Lean with a screenplay by Robert Bolt.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: American actress and producer Joanne Woodward died in 2020.
Wikipedia page: Joanne Woodward (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Upon the death of Olivia de Havilland in July 2020 she became the oldest living Best Actress Academy Award winner.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Jocko Conlan is from Des Moines, Iowa.
Wikipedia page: Jocko Conlan (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: Conlan was born in Chicago. He was one of nine children.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: From Here to Eternity is derived from a book with the same title.
Wikipedia page: From Here to Eternity (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: From Here to Eternity is a 1953 American drama romance war film directed by Fred Zinnemann, and written by Daniel Taradash, based on the 1951 novel of the same name by James Jones.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: American actor Gene Hackman has authored three novels.
Wikipedia page: Gene Hackman (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Career | Career as a novelist
text: Together with undersea archaeologist Daniel Lenihan, Hackman has written three historical fiction novels: Wake of the Perdido Star (1999), a sea adventure of the 19th century; Justice for None (2004), a Depression-era tale of murder; and Escape from Andersonville (2008) about a prison escape during the American Civil War.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Faber was one of the last pitchers allowed to do a "spitball" pitch.
Wikipedia page: Red Faber (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: At the time of his retirement, he was the last legal spitballer in the American League; another legal spitballer, Burleigh Grimes, was later traded to the AL and appeared in 10 games for the Yankees in 1934.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Arthur Kennedy's father was an orthodontist.
Wikipedia page: Arthur Kennedy (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life and education
text: Kennedy was born on February 17, 1914, in Worcester, Massachusetts, the son of Helen (née Thompson) and John Timothy "J.T." Kennedy, a dentist.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: One of Tootsie's producers worked in the clothing industry before going into movie making.
Wikipedia page: Tootsie (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Production
text: In the 1970s, fashion company executive Charles Evans decided to get into movie-making.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: A neutron has a strong charge.
Wikipedia page: Neutron (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The neutron is a subatomic particle, symbol n or n0, with no electric charge and a mass slightly greater than that of a proton.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Holly Patricia Hunter won an Academy Award in 1987.
Wikipedia page: Holly Hunter (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: She was also nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actress for Broadcast News (1987), and the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for The Firm (1993) and again for Thirteen (2003).
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Magic Mountain is a poem by Thomas Mann that was originally was a shorter version to Arrival, a World War l story.
Wikipedia page: The Magic Mountain (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: It began as a much shorter narrative which revisited in a comic manner aspects of Death in Venice, a novella that he was preparing for publication.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Hulbert passed away in his 40s.
Wikipedia page: William Hulbert (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Biography
text: Hulbert did not live to see this rival franchise begin play, however, dying of a heart attack in 1882 at the age of 49 two weeks before the AA made its debut.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: During the Salem trials, a woman prepared an excrement soup and gave it to a cat.
Wikipedia page: Salem witch trials (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Legal procedures | Witch cake
text: Lawson's account describes this cake "a means to discover witchcraft" and provides other details such as that it was made from rye meal and urine from the afflicted girls and was fed to a dog.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The 1937 novella Of Mice and Men has been banned in schools in the United States.
Wikipedia page: Of Mice and Men (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Reception
text: "The novella has been banned from various US public and school libraries or curricula for allegedly "promoting euthanasia", "condoning racial slurs", being "anti-business", containing profanity, and generally containing "vulgar" and "offensive language".
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Dwayne Johnson has three children .
Wikipedia page: Dwayne Johnson (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Personal life
text: They have two children. As of 2014, Johnson has a home in Southwest Ranches, Florida, as well as Los Angeles, California.
section_header: Personal life
text: Their daughter Simone was born on August 14, 2001.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: FC Barcelona is a Brazilian football club.
Wikipedia page: FC Barcelona (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Futbol Club Barcelona (Catalan pronunciation: [fubˈbɔl ˈklub bəɾsəˈlonə] (listen)), commonly referred to as Barcelona and colloquially known as Barça ([ˈbaɾsə]), is a Spanish professional football club based in Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The 1901 play The Lower Depths has been adapted to film multiple times most recently in 1966.
Wikipedia page: The Lower Depths (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Film versions
text: 1966: Finnish director Mikko Niskanen shot the play as a telefilm in Finnish but retained the original setting.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: John Williams' career was destroyed by lack of work after the Star Wars films.
Wikipedia page: John Williams (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Legacy
text: Williams is regarded as the most influential composer of film scores of all time.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Yearling was the best selling book in America, sold a quarter of a million copies, and won the Pulitzer Prize in 1938.
Wikipedia page: The Yearling (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: It won the 1939 Pulitzer Prize for the Novel.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: In one of the legends of Agamemnon, he is killed by his wife while he is cleaning himself up.
Wikipedia page: Agamemnon (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Return to Greece
text: According to the accounts given by Pindar and the tragedians, Agamemnon was slain in a bath by his wife alone, after being ensnared by a blanket or a net thrown over him to prevent resistance.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Bee Gees formed as a band in 1958 and retired the group's name after Maurice dies in 2005.
Wikipedia page: Bee Gees (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The Bee Gees  were a British pop music group formed in 1958.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Ernie Banks was ranked as one of the best MLB players to play in the 20th century.
Wikipedia page: Ernie Banks (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Later years
text: Banks was named to the Major League Baseball All-Century Team in 1999.
section_header: Summary
text: He was inducted into the National Baseball Hall of Fame in 1977, and was named to the Major League Baseball All-Century Team in 1999.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Posey's father was well-to-do.
Wikipedia page: Cum Posey (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: Despite his commanding wealth, Captain Posey still had to deal with racial discrimination, according to historian William Serrin.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Emilio Aguinaldo was from Spain.
Wikipedia page: Emilio Aguinaldo (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Emilio Aguinaldo y Famy (Spanish pronunciation: [eˈmi.ljo a.ɣiˈnal.do]: March 22, 1869 – February 6, 1964) was a Filipino revolutionary, politician and military leader who is officially recognized as the first and the youngest President of the Philippines (1899–1901) and first president of a constitutional republic in Asia.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Elmer Flick was one of five kids and played professional baseball.
Wikipedia page: Elmer Flick (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: He led the National League in RBI in 1900, and led the American League in stolen bases in 1904 and 1906, and in batting average in 1905.
section_header: Early life
text: Flick was born on January 11, 1876, the third of five children of Zachary and Mary Flick, on the family farm in Bedford, Ohio.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Ellen Burstyn is a British actress known for her portrayal of women in dramas.
Wikipedia page: Ellen Burstyn (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Ellen Burstyn (born Edna Rae Gillooly; December 7, 1932) is an American actress.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Arms and the Man is a comedy play.
Wikipedia page: Arms and the Man (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Arms and the Man is a comedy by George Bernard Shaw, whose title comes from the opening words of Virgil's Aeneid, in Latin: Arma virumque cano ("Of arms and the man I sing").The play was first produced on 21 April 1894 at the Avenue Theatre and published in 1898 as part of Shaw's Plays Pleasant volume, which also included Candida, You Never Can Tell, and The Man of Destiny.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The novel took 3 years to finish for the author as he dropped the project in the first year.
Wikipedia page: An American Tragedy (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: He began the manuscript in the summer of 1920, but a year later abandoned most of that text.
section_header: Summary
text: In 1923 Dreiser returned to the project, and with the help of his wife Helen and two editor-secretaries, Louise Campbell and Sally Kusell, he completed the massive novel in 1925.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Led Zeppelin's style drew from a variety of music's types.
Wikipedia page: Led Zeppelin (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: With their heavy, guitar-driven sound, they are regularly cited as one of the progenitors of heavy metal, although their style drew from a variety of influences, including blues and folk music.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: In 2014, he performed at Glastonbury, becoming the first musician of his genre to do so.
Wikipedia page: Kanye West (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Achievements
text: In 2015, West became the second-ever rapper to headline Glastonbury Festival.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The American actress Amy Lou Adams won two Golden Globes
Wikipedia page: Amy Adams (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: She won two consecutive Golden Globe Awards for Best Actress for playing a seductive con artist in the crime film American Hustle (2013) and the painter Margaret Keane in the biopic Big Eyes (2014).
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Prague Spring is a musical festival.
Wikipedia page: Prague Spring (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The Prague Spring (Czech: Pražské jaro, Slovak: Pražská jar) was a period of political liberalization and mass protest in  the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Jane Alexander's parents were prominent lawyers.
Wikipedia page: Jane Alexander (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: Alexander was born Jane Quigley in Boston, Massachusetts, daughter of Ruth Elizabeth (née Pearson), a nurse, and Thomas B. Quigley, an orthopedic surgeon.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: It was the first transportation system between the East Coast of the United States and the western interior that did not require portage.
Wikipedia page: Erie Canal (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: It was the first transportation system between the East Coast of the United States and the western interior that did not require portage.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: A Midsummer Night's Dream is a comedy about Ariadne and Dionysus.
Wikipedia page: A Midsummer Night's Dream (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The play consists of multiple subplots that revolve around the marriage of Theseus and Hippolyta.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Kaddish is about life and death.
Wikipedia page: Kaddish (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The central theme of the Kaddish is the magnification and sanctification of God's name.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Freddie Mercury's family was Portuguese .
Wikipedia page: Freddie Mercury (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: His parents, Bomi (1908–2003) and Jer Bulsara (1922–2016), were from the Parsi community of western India.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: In the novel Catch-22, the story does not unfold chronologically.
Wikipedia page: Catch-22 (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Synopsis
text: The second (chapters 12–20) flashes back to focus primarily on the "Great Big Siege of Bologna" before once again jumping to the chronological present of 1944 in the third part (chapter 21–25).
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The novel, Arrowsmith doesn't have any adaptions.
Wikipedia page: Arrowsmith (novel) (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Film, radio and television adaptations
text: The book's only theatrically released adaptation was the film Arrowsmith in 1931, featuring Ronald Colman and Helen Hayes as Arrowsmith and Leora respectively.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Homage to Catalonia is based on real life affairs from the author while he was in the army and in battle.
Wikipedia page: Homage to Catalonia (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Homage to Catalonia is George Orwell's personal account of his experiences and observations fighting for the POUM militia of the Republican army during the Spanish Civil War.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The nasal appendage of the sphinx was destroyed by a gunpowder weapon.
Wikipedia page: Great Sphinx of Giza (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Missing nose and beard
text: One tale erroneously attributes it to cannon balls fired by the army of Napoleon Bonaparte.
section_header: Missing nose and beard
text: Examination of the Sphinx's face shows that long rods or chisels were hammered into the nose, one down from the bridge and one beneath the nostril, then used to pry the nose off towards the south.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Credit Mobilier of America scandal was about inflating expenses on the assembly of a town hall in Pennsylvania and did not become known till 1872.
Wikipedia page: Credit Mobilier of America scandal (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The Crédit Mobilier scandal of 1867, which came to public attention in 1872, was a two-part fraud by the Union Pacific Railroad and the Crédit Mobilier of America construction company in the building of the eastern portion of the First Transcontinental Railroad.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The german novel, The Magic Mountain, was put on hold during the beginning of World War I as the author reexamined his worldview.
Wikipedia page: The Magic Mountain (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The outbreak of World War I interrupted his work on the book.
section_header: Summary
text: Given this, Mann felt compelled to radically revise and expand the pre-war text before completing it in 1924.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Augustus's ruling set groundwork that lasted for almost 1500 years.
Wikipedia page: Augustus (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Legacy
text: Augustus's reign laid the foundations of a regime that lasted, in one form or another, for nearly fifteen hundred years through the ultimate decline of the Western Roman Empire and until the Fall of Constantinople in 1453.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Sunset Boulevard, at least four lanes wide with its twists and turns, has a lot of traffic, making a dangerous situation for inattentive motorists.
Wikipedia page: Sunset Boulevard (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Geography
text: Sunset is frequently congested with traffic loads beyond its design capacity.
section_header: Geography
text: The boulevard has curvaceous winding stretches, and can be treacherous for unalert drivers in some sections.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Antonín Dvořák offed himself after a particularly scathing reception to his final Opera.
Wikipedia page: Antonín Dvořák (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Biography | Return to Europe and last years
text: Dvořák had an "attack of influenza" on 18 April and died on 1 May 1904, of an undiagnosed cause following five weeks of illness, at the age of 62, leaving many unfinished works.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Belgium is the western border of Poland.
Wikipedia page: Poland (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Poland is bordered by the Baltic Sea, Lithuania, and Russia's Kaliningrad Oblast to the north, Belarus and Ukraine to the east, Slovakia and the Czech Republic to the south, and Germany to the west.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Atonement is a war comedy movie.
Wikipedia page: Atonement (film) (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Atonement is a 2007 romantic war drama film directed by Joe Wright and starring James McAvoy, Keira Knightley, Saoirse Ronan, Romola Garai, Benedict Cumberbatch and Vanessa Redgrave.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Located in the state of Gujarat, India, the Statue of Unity is the world's highest statue depicting Vallabhbhai Patel's dignity, stature, and kindness as he worked to bring about the modern Republic of India.
Wikipedia page: Statue of Unity (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Features
text: The Statue of Unity is the world's tallest statue at 182 metres (597 ft).
section_header: Design and construction | Design
text: Commenting on the design, Ram Sutar's son, Anil Sutar explains that, "the expression, posture and pose justify the dignity, confidence, iron will as well as kindness that his personality exudes.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Gene Hackman died after being hit by a car.
Wikipedia page: Gene Hackman (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Eugene Allen Hackman (born January 30, 1930) is a retired American actor and novelist.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: English actor and producer Tom Hardy starred in Taboo.
Wikipedia page: Tom Hardy (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Career | 2011–present
text: Hardy also co-produced and starred in the eight-part BBC One television drama series Taboo.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The novel won a Pulitzer Prize.
Wikipedia page: To Kill a Mockingbird (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Reception | Honors
text: In 1961, when To Kill a Mockingbird was in its 41st week on the bestseller list, it was awarded the Pulitzer Prize, stunning Lee.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Sense and Sensibility novel was initially written in expository style.
Wikipedia page: Sense and Sensibility (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Development of the novel
text: Jane Austen wrote the first draft of the novel in the form of a novel-in-letters (epistolary form) perhaps as early as 1795 when she was about 19 years old, or 1797, at age 21, and is said to have given it the title Elinor and Marianne.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: This movie is about a programmer who develops romantic feelings with a fish man.
Wikipedia page: The Shape of Water (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Set in Baltimore, Maryland, in 1962, the story follows a mute cleaner at a high-security government laboratory who falls in love with a captured humanoid amphibian creature.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Billy Joel is referred to as the "Piano Man".
Wikipedia page: Billy Joel (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Commonly nicknamed the "Piano Man" after his first major hit and signature song of the same name, he has led a commercially successful career as a solo artist since the 1970s, having released 12 studio albums from 1971 to 1993 as well as one studio album in 2001.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Last Emperor is about the existence of Puyi, the last Emperor
Wikipedia page: The Last Emperor (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The Last Emperor (Italian: L'ultimo imperatore; Chinese: 末代皇帝) is a 1987 epic biographical drama film, directed by Bernardo Bertolucci, about the life of Puyi, the last Emperor of China,
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Middlemarch was printed in more than 7 volumes.
Wikipedia page: Middlemarch (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Characters
text: Dorothea Brooke: An intelligent, wealthy woman with great aspirations, Dorothea avoids displaying her wealth and embarks upon projects such as redesigning cottages for her uncle's tenants.
section_header: Summary
text: Middlemarch, A Study of Provincial Life is a novel by the English author George Eliot (Mary Anne Evans), appearing in eight instalments (volumes) in 1871 and 1872.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Jon Voight is greatly unimpressed by the United States' controversial orange executive office holder.
Wikipedia page: Jon Voight (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Political views
text: In May 2019, Voight released a short two-part video on Twitter supporting President Trump's policies, and calling him "the greatest president since Abraham Lincoln".
section_header: Political views
text: Voight said, "God answered all our prayers" by granting Trump the White House.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Electrons have a negative charge.
Wikipedia page: Electron (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The electron  is a subatomic particle, symbol e− or β−, whose electric charge is negative one elementary charge.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The 1598 play by Ben Jonson Every Man in His Humour changed setting between editions.
Wikipedia page: Every Man In His Humour (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: History
text: The most significant change was in the location.
section_header: History
text: It is now well known, not only that George Chapman's An Humorous Day's Mirth preceded Jonson's play by a year or more, but that Jonson himself was not especially intrigued by the trope of "humours." Since only Kitely is dominated by a "humour" as Jonson defined it in Every Man Out of His Humour, it seems more likely that Jonson was using a contemporary taste aroused by Chapman to draw interest to his play, which became his first indisputable hit. Jonson revised the play for the 1616 folio, where it was the first play presented.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Pierre Trudeau was the Prime Minister of England in 1982 to 1996.
Wikipedia page: Pierre Trudeau (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: French: [pjɛʁ tʁydo]; October 18, 1919 – September 28, 2000), mostly referred to as simply Pierre Trudeau, or by the initials PET, was a Canadian politician who was the 15th prime minister of Canada and leader of the Liberal Party of Canada, between 1968 and 1984, with a brief period as Leader of the Opposition, from 1979 to 1980.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Carthage was the capital city in what is today called Sicily.
Wikipedia page: Carthage (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Carthage was the center or capital city of the ancient Carthaginian civilization, on the eastern side of the Lake of Tunis  in what is now the Tunis Governorate in Tunisia.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Charles Vance earned his nickname "Dazzy" from his singing in the locker room which dazzled his teammates.
Wikipedia page: Dazzy Vance (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Later life
text: A Dazzy Vance Day celebration was held in Brooklyn.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Rotifers play a significant role in saltwater zooplankton as they contribute their nutrients and are not commonly found in freshwater environments.
Wikipedia page: Rotifera (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Rotifers are an important part of the freshwater zooplankton, being a major foodsource and with many species also contributing to the decomposition of soil organic matter.
section_header: Summary
text: Most rotifers are around 0.1–0.5 mm long (although their size can range from 50 μm to over 2 mm), and are common in freshwater environments throughout the world with a few saltwater species.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Dvorak was not famous until long after his death.
Wikipedia page: Antonín Dvořák (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: He has been described as "arguably the most versatile... composer of his time".
section_header: Summary
text: But shortfalls in payment of his salary, along with increasing recognition in Europe and an onset of homesickness, led him to leave the United States and return to Bohemia in 1895.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Lili, is the story of a girl, hardened by the streets of France and her journey of survival.
Wikipedia page: Lili (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: It stars Leslie Caron as a touchingly naïve French girl whose emotional relationship with a carnival puppeteer is conducted through the medium of four puppets.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: American baseball player Paul Waner  who played for the Brooklyn Dodgers was known as the "Wanderer" because of his infidelity.
Wikipedia page: Paul Waner (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Paul Glee Waner (April 16, 1903 – August 29, 1965), nicknamed "Big Poison", was an American professional baseball right fielder who played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for four teams between 1926 and 1945, most notably playing his first 15 seasons with the Pittsburgh Pirates.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Frozen was inspired by the story The Red Shoes.
Wikipedia page: Frozen (2013 film) (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: , it is inspired by Hans Christian Andersen's 1844 fairy tale "The Snow Queen".
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Polymers come into being when proteins synthesize.
Wikipedia page: Polymer (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Polymers, both natural and synthetic, are created via polymerization of many small molecules, known as monomers.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Things Fall Apart is important because it was written by a English author about African slaves.
Wikipedia page: Things Fall Apart (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Literary significance and reception | Influence and legacy
text: Before Things Fall Apart was published, most of the novels about Africa had been written by European authors, portraying Africans as savages who were in need of western enlightenment.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: During the Punic Wars, 50k Carthaginian citizens were enslaved.
Wikipedia page: Punic Wars (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Third Punic War, 149–146 BC
text: Rome demanded that if war were to be avoided, the Carthaginians must hand over all of their armaments.
section_header: Third Punic War, 149–146 BC | Siege of Carthage
text: There were 50,000 Carthaginian prisoners, a small proportion of the pre-war population, who were sold into slavery.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Frozen is a film and had a very popular song called "Let it Go."
Wikipedia page: Frozen (2013 film) (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Reception | Controversies | "Let it Go" lawsuit
text: On November 24, 2017, musical artist Jaime Ciero sued Demi Lovato, Idina Menzel, Walt Disney Animation Studios and others involved with the song "Let it Go," accusing them of ripping off his 2008 single "Volar." In May 2018, it was ruled in court that the original songwriters, Bobby Lopez and Kristen Anderson-Lopez, would be released from the lawsuit due to the three-year statute of limitations for copyright claims.
section_header: Summary
text: Frozen is a 2013 American 3D computer-animated musical fantasy film produced by Walt Disney Animation Studios and released by Walt Disney Pictures.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Apple Inc. was in the movie Forest Gump and is the second largest company behind Amazon.
Wikipedia page: Apple Inc. (Technology)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Apple is the world's largest technology company by revenue and one of the world's most valuable companies.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: After graduating from the university of Oregon, he enlisted in the army.
Wikipedia page: Phil Knight (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Career | Nike Inc.
text: Immediately after graduating from the University of Oregon, Knight enlisted in the army and served one year on active duty and seven years in the Army Reserve.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Bad and the Beautiful's theme song is a jazz composition.
Wikipedia page: The Bad and the Beautiful (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The theme song, "The Bad and the Beautiful", penned by David Raksin, became a jazz standard and has been cited as an example of an excellent movie theme.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Jude the Obscure started out as a short film.
Wikipedia page: Jude the Obscure (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Jude the Obscure is a  novel by Thomas Hardy, which began as a magazine serial in December 1894 and was first published in book form in 1895.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Pride of the Yankees did premier in NYC.
Wikipedia page: The Pride of the Yankees (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Release
text: The film premiered on July 14, 1942 in New York City at the Astor Theatre, and was shown for one night only at "forty neighborhood theatres.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Kerensky wed and had 2 sons.
Wikipedia page: Alexander Kerensky (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Personal life
text: Kerensky was married to Olga Lvovna Baranovskaya and they had two sons, Oleg and Gleb, who both went on to become engineers.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Emmy Noether was fired because she was a Jew.
Wikipedia page: Emmy Noether (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The following year, Germany's Nazi government dismissed Jews from university positions, and Noether moved to the United States to take up a position at Bryn Mawr College in Pennsylvania.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: My Antonia has the reputation to be the the greatest work from its author.
Wikipedia page: My Antonia (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: My Ántonia ( AN-tə-nee-ə) is a novel published in 1918 by American writer Willa Cather, considered one of her best works.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Despite having Syrian roots, Steve Jobs never put attention to it.
Wikipedia page: Steve Jobs (Technology)
Evidence:
section_header: Family
text: Jobs also never showed an interest in his Syrian heritage or the Middle East.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: A Separate Peace was not based on any story.
Wikipedia page: A Separate Peace (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Based on his earlier short story "Phineas", published in the May 1956 issue of Cosmopolitan, it was Knowles's first published novel and became his best-known work.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The novel Twelve Years a Slave by American Solomon Northup has been made into two films.
Wikipedia page: 12 Years a Slave (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: In the early 1960s, they researched and retraced Solomon Northup's journey and co-edited a historically annotated version that was published by Louisiana State University Press (1968).The memoir has been adapted as two film versions, produced as the 1984 PBS television film Solomon Northup's Odyssey and the Oscar-winning 2013 film 12 Years a Slave.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Special relativity does analyze the difference between mass and weight in physics.
Wikipedia page: Special relativity (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: In physics, the special theory of relativity, or special relativity for short, is a scientific theory regarding the relationship between space and time.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The tomb of the Unknown Soldier is beneath it's vault.
Wikipedia page: Arc de Triomphe (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Beneath its vault lies the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier from World War I.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Moll Flanders initial publication date was in the 1700's.
Wikipedia page: Moll Flanders (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Moll Flanders is a novel by Daniel Defoe, first published in 1722.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: W.C. Handy was a composer and musician who referred to himself as the Father of the Blues, and was one of the most influential songwriters in the United States.
Wikipedia page: W.C. Handy (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: William Christopher Handy (November 16, 1873 – March 28, 1958) was a composer and musician who referred to himself as the Father of the Blues.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Sparta was a prominent city in Greece  and later named Thebes.
Wikipedia page: Sparta (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Modern Sparta is the capital of the southern Greek region of Laconia and a center for processing citrus and olives.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Kim Kardashian was robbed in Milan in 2016 while attending the fashion week.
Wikipedia page: Kim Kardashian (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Personal life | Paris robbery
text: On October 2, 2016, while attending Paris Fashion Week, Kardashian was robbed at gunpoint in the apartment where she was staying.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: George Frideric Handel was known to produce one opera series per year.
Wikipedia page: George Frideric Handel (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Handel composed more than forty opera serias in over thirty years, and since the late 1960s, with the revival of baroque music and historically informed musical performance, interest in Handel's operas has grown.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Gadsden Purchase was a region of present-day Arizona and Nevada.
Wikipedia page: Gadsden Purchase (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The Gadsden Purchase (Spanish: la Venta de La Mesilla " The Sale of La Mesilla"), is a 29,670-square-mile (76,800 km2) region of present-day southern Arizona and southwestern New Mexico that the United States acquired from Mexico by the Treaty of Mesilla, which took effect on June 8, 1854.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The film is about two men competing in a shooting competition to determine who is the best sniper.
Wikipedia page: American Sniper (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Plot
text: He qualifies for special training and becomes a U.S. Navy SEALs sniper.
section_header: Summary
text: It is loosely based on the memoir American Sniper: The Autobiography of the Most Lethal Sniper in U.S. Military History (2012) by Chris Kyle, with Scott McEwen and Jim DeFelice.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Second Bank of the United States was built in 5 years.
Wikipedia page: Second Bank of the United States (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Architecture
text: Construction lasted from 1819 to 1824.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: JFK (film) examines the events leading to the election of United States President John F. Kennedy, in which the Motion Picture Editors Guild listed the film as the ninth best-edited film of all time based on a survey of its membership.
Wikipedia page: JFK (film) (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: It examines the events leading to the assassination of United States President John F. Kennedy and alleged cover-up through the eyes of former New Orleans district attorney Jim Garrison (Kevin Costner).
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Manchester United Football Club is a soccer team in England and they are called the Blue Devils.
Wikipedia page: Manchester United F.C. (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Nicknamed "the Red Devils", the club was founded as Newton Heath LYR Football Club in 1878, changed its name to Manchester United in 1902 and moved to its current stadium, Old Trafford, in 1910.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: For the role of Roy Neary, actor Richard Dreyfuss was not director Steven Spielberg's initial preference.
Wikipedia page: Close Encounters of the Third Kind (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Cast
text: Steve McQueen was Spielberg's first choice.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: It began its development before the year 1000 AD.
Wikipedia page: Chichen Itza (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: History
text: The layout of Chichen Itza site core developed during its earlier phase of occupation, between 750 and 900 AD.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: "Jelly Roll" Morton's moniker references  a particular women's sex organ.
Wikipedia page: Jelly Roll Morton (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Biography
text: He often sang smutty lyrics and used the nickname "Jelly Roll", which was African-American slang for female genitalia.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: A Separate Peace is set at boarding school.
Wikipedia page: A Separate Peace (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Plot summary
text: Gene Forrester returns to his old prep school, Devon (a thinly veiled portrayal of Knowles's alma mater, Phillips Exeter Academy) 15 years after he graduated, to visit two places he regards as "fearful sites": a flight of marble stairs and a big tree by the river from which he caused his friend, Phineas, to fall.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Spanish Civil War was a dispute between wight wing anarchists and Communist left wing Spaniards.
Wikipedia page: Spanish Civil War (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Republicans loyal to the left-leaning Popular Front government of the Second Spanish Republic, in alliance with anarchists, of the communist and syndicalist variety, fought against a revolt by the Nationalists, an alliance of Falangists, monarchists, conservatives and Catholics, led by a military group among whom General Francisco Franco soon achieved a preponderant role.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Coward has written over 400 songs.
Wikipedia page: Noël Coward (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Works and appearances | Songs
text: Coward wrote three hundred songs.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Apollo 13's famous quotation of, "Houston, we have a problem" is a direct quote from the real incident.
Wikipedia page: Apollo 13 (film) (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Technical and historical accuracy
text: The dialogue between ground control and the astronauts was taken nearly verbatim from transcripts and recordings, with the exception of one of the taglines of the film, "Houston, we have a problem." (This quote was voted #50 on the list "AFI's 100 Years... 100 Movie Quotes".) According to audio of the air-to-ground communications, the actual words uttered by Jack Swigert were "Okay, Houston, we've had a problem here".
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Tyger is an instrumental composition written by Alfred Kazin.
Wikipedia page: The Tyger (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: "The Tyger" is a poem by the English poet William Blake, published in 1794 as part of his Songs of Experience collection.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Franz Liszt was a composer and considered a great piano player.
Wikipedia page: Franz Liszt (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Franz Liszt (German: [ˈlɪst]; Hungarian: Liszt Ferencz, in modern usage Liszt Ferenc [ˈlist ˈfɛrɛnt͡s]; 22 October 1811 – 31 July 1886) was a Hungarian composer, virtuoso pianist, conductor, music teacher, arranger, and organist of the Romantic era.
section_header: Pianist
text: Many musicians consider Liszt to be the greatest pianist who ever lived.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Oscar-winning American actress and model Susan Hayward, starred in David and Bathsheba and portrayed many singers in her career.
Wikipedia page: Susan Hayward (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Career | 20th Century Fox
text: Hayward then starred in three massive successes: David and Bathsheba (1951) with Gregory Peck, the most popular film of the year; With a Song in My Heart (1952), a biopic of Jane Froman, which earned her an Oscar nomination; and The Snows of Kilimanjaro (1952), with Peck and Ava Gardner. RKO borrowed Hayward for The Lusty Men (1952) with Robert Mitchum, then she went back to Fox for The President's Lady (1953), playing Rachel Jackson alongside Charlton Heston; White Witch Doctor (1953) again a costar with Mitchum; Demetrius and the Gladiators (1954), as Messalina; Garden of Evil (1954) with Gary Cooper and Richard Widmark; and  Untamed (1955) with Tyrone Power.
section_header: Career | Peak
text: Although Hayward never truly became known as a singer because she disliked her own singing, she portrayed singers in several films.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Sunny Leone is an Indian star who was barren and had children by another woman.
Wikipedia page: Sunny Leone (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Karenjit Kaur Vohra (born May 13, 1981), known by her stage name Sunny Leone (), is a model and an actress in the Indian film industry and a former pornographic actress.
section_header: Personal life
text: "On March 4, 2018, Sunny Leone and her husband announced the birth of their twin boys, born through surrogacy.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Cool Papa Bell joined the Compton Hill Cubs.
Wikipedia page: Cool Papa Bell (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: He played with Compton Hill on Sundays and holidays while he worked for a packing company during the week.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Gaga was born at NewYork-Presbyterian Medical Center in NY.
Wikipedia page: Lady Gaga (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Life and career | 1986–2005: Early life
text: Stefani Joanne Angelina Germanotta was born on March 28, 1986 at Lenox Hill Hospital in Manhattan, New York City, to an upper middle class Catholic family.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Paul Muni was an Austrian baseball player that came to the United States when he was a child.
Wikipedia page: Paul Muni (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Later career
text: A few years later, during 1955 and 1956, Muni had his biggest stage success in the United States as the crusading lawyer, Henry Drummond (based on Clarence Darrow), in Inherit the Wind, winning a Tony Award for Best Performance by a Leading Actor in a Play.
section_header: Later career
text: Years later, in response to a question put to him by Alan King, Brando stated that Muni was the greatest actor he ever saw.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: First published in Nigeria in 1956, this was the first book written about Africa by an African author.
Wikipedia page: Things Fall Apart (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Literary significance and reception
text: Things Fall Apart is regarded as a milestone in African literature.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: They have sold over 150 millions rcord worldwide, making the second world's best selling artists of all time.
Wikipedia page: Bee Gees (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The Bee Gees have sold over 120 million records worldwide making them one of the world's best-selling artists of all time (several sources, including Billboard, list the sales figures as high as 220 million).
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Zora Neale Hurston is a Canadian author.
Wikipedia page: Zora Neale Hurston (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Zora Neale Hurston (January 7, 1891 – January 28, 1960) was an American author, anthropologist, and filmmaker.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The headquarter of the company is loacted in San Fransisco, California.
Wikipedia page: IBM (Technology)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: International Business Machines Corporation (IBM) is an American multinational technology company headquartered in Armonk, New York, with operations in over 170 countries.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Maria Sklodowska-Curie was the second female professor at the University of London.
Wikipedia page: Maria Skłodowska-Curie (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Life | Nobel Prizes
text: She was the first woman to become a professor at the University of Paris.
section_header: Summary
text: She was also the first woman to become a professor at the University of Paris, and in 1995 became the first woman to be entombed on her own merits in the Panthéon in Paris.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Part of the Compromise of 1850 made it so that a free black person, if accused of being a slave, was de facto enslaved by the accusation.
Wikipedia page: Compromise of 1850 (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Provisions | Fugitive Slave Law
text: Thus, if a freedman were claimed to be an escaped slave, they could not resist their return to slavery by truthfully telling their actual history.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Harridge was in charge of the American Baseball League for a period.
Wikipedia page: Will Harridge (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Baseball career
text: He then became president of the American League in 1931, held that post until his retirement in 1958, and then was named president emeritus.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: McPhee played for the St.Louis Cardinals.
Wikipedia page: Bid McPhee (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: He played 18 seasons in the majors, from 1882 until 1899, all for the Cincinnati Reds franchise.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Craig Biggio had over 2500 hits in his career.
Wikipedia page: Craig Biggio (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Major league career | Late career: Return to second base and milestones | 3,000 career hits (2007)
text: On June 28, 2007, Biggio became the 27th player in the history of Major League Baseball to join the 3,000 hit club, with a single against
section_header: Major league career | Late career: Return to second base and milestones | 3,000 career hits (2007)
text: Biggio's 3,000th hit came on the same day that Frank Thomas hit his milestone 500th career home run, both marks which are considered to guarantee one's induction into the Hall of Fame.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The church is situated in Belgium.
Wikipedia page: Church of the Holy Sepulchre (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The Church of the Holy Sepulchre (Greek: Ναός του Παναγίου Τάφου, Latin: Ecclesia Sancti Sepulchri, Hebrew: כנסיית הקבר‎, Arabic: كنيسة القيامة‎) is a church in the Christian Quarter of the Old City of Jerusalem.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: It was recorded that young male children would train their bodies and minds with elder males.
Wikipedia page: Sparta (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Life in Classical Sparta | Education
text: Special punishments were imposed if boys failed to answer questions sufficiently 'laconically' (i.e. briefly and wittily).There is some evidence that in late-Classical and Hellenistic Sparta boys were expected to take an older male mentor, usually an unmarried young man.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Christy Mathewson became-semiprofessional at 17 years old.
Wikipedia page: Christy Mathewson (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: His first experience of semiprofessional baseball came in 1895, when he was just 14 years old.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Maine is located in New England, the only state to border only one other state, and has legally allowed LBGTQ marriages to occur before 2010.
Wikipedia page: Maine (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Law and government | State and local politics
text: On November 6, 2012, Maine, along with Maryland and Washington, became the first state to legalize same-sex marriage at the ballot box.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Churchill was a Prime Minister of the UK twice.
Wikipedia page: Winston Churchill (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: He was Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1940 to 1945, when he led the country to victory in the Second World War, and again from 1951 to 1955.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Dangerous Liaisons is a 1988 English-language film from a screenplay by Christopher Hampton adapted from the 1782 French novel, winning several awards mentioning the film's strength, giving credit to the scriptwriter.
Wikipedia page: Dangerous Liaisons (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Reception | Critical response
text: "The Time Out reviewer wrote of Christopher Hampton's screenplay that "one of the film's enormous strengths is scriptwriter Christopher Hampton's decision to go back to the novel, and save only the best from his play".
Verdict: SUPPORTS