tasksource/fool-me-twice huggingface dataset:
Claim: Netherlands does not export a lot of aliments.
Wikipedia page: Netherlands (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Economy
text: The Netherlands is one of the world's 10 leading exporting countries.
section_header: Summary
text: Nevertheless, it is the world's second-largest exporter of food and agricultural products (after the United States), owing to its fertile soil, mild climate, intensive agriculture and inventiveness.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: English actress Maggie Smith is a twin.
Wikipedia page: Maggie Smith (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: She had older twin brothers, Alistair (died 1981) and Ian.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Megan Fox attended a Catholic school growing up and feels anyone being a bisexual is going against God.
Wikipedia page: Megan Fox (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: She was raised "very strictly Pentecostal", but later attended Catholic school for 12 years.
section_header: Personal life
text: She is bisexual, and said she believes that "all humans are born with the ability to be attracted to both sexes".
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Luigi's dad started teaching him music when he was young.
Wikipedia page: Luigi Cherubini (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Early years
text: His instruction in music began at the age of six with his father, Bartolomeo,  maestro al cembalo ("Master of the harpsichord", in other words, ensemble leader from the harpsichord).
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Daisy is a woman from the F. Scott Fitzgerald novel The Great Gatsby.
Wikipedia page: Daisy Miller (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Daisy Miller is a novel by Henry James that first appeared in Cornhill Magazine in June–July 1878, and in book form the following year.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Babel's setting is in only one city with one story.
Wikipedia page: Babel (film) (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The film portrays multiple stories taking place in Morocco, Japan, Mexico and the United States.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Richard Strauss was so impressed by Hans von Bülow he called a section of his early years a special name that translates to "Bülow worshipping time" in English.
Wikipedia page: Richard Strauss (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Success in conducting and tone poems (1885–1898)
text: " Brahms' music, like Wagner's, also left a tremendous impression upon Strauss, and he often referred to this time of his life as his ‘Brahmsschwärmerei’ (‘Brahms adoration’) during which several his compositions clearly show Brahms' influence, including Wandrers Sturmlied (1884) and Burleske (1885–86)." In 1885 Strauss met the composer Alexander Ritter who was a violinist in the Meiningen orchestra and the husband of one of Richard Wagner's nieces.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Edvard Grieg was a violinist and was born in Bergen.
Wikipedia page: Edvard Grieg (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Edvard Hagerup Grieg ( GREEG, Norwegian: [ˈɛ̀dvɑɖ ˈhɑ̀ːɡərʉp ˈɡrɪɡː]; 15 June 1843 – 4 September 1907) was a Norwegian composer and pianist.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The novel was written during a very tumultuous time in the author's life.
Wikipedia page: Paradise Lost (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Composition
text: He also wrote the epic poem while he was often ill, suffering from gout, and despite suffering emotionally after the early death of his second wife, Katherine Woodcock, in 1658, and the death of their infant daughter.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Diffraction occurs when a wave passes freely without any obstruction.
Wikipedia page: Diffraction (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Diffraction refers to various phenomena that occur when a wave encounters an obstacle or a slit.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Le Morte d'Arthur is a rework of another story by Gene LeBell.
Wikipedia page: Le Morte d'Arthur (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Le Morte d'Arthur (originally spelled Le Morte Darthur, ungrammatical Middle French for "The Death of Arthur") is a 15th-century Middle English prose reworking by Sir Thomas Malory of tales about the legendary King Arthur, Guinevere, Lancelot, Merlin and the Knights of the Round Table—along with their respective folklore.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Way We Were is a romantic novel.
Wikipedia page: The Way We Were (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The Way We Were is a 1973 American romantic drama film directed by Sydney Pollack and starring Barbra Streisand and Robert Redford.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Free Soil Party was a political group focused mainly on the abolishment of slavery.
Wikipedia page: Free Soil Party (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Ideology and positions
text: The 1848 Free Soil platform openly denounced the institution of slavery, demanding that the federal government "relieve itself of all responsibility for the existence and continuance of slavery" by abolishing slavery in all federal districts and territories.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The band chose their name R.E.M., which stands for rapid eye movement, by picking a term at random from a child's book.
Wikipedia page: R.E.M. (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: History | 1980–1982: Formation and first releases
text: After considering names such as Cans of Piss, Negro Eyes, and Twisted Kites, the band settled on "R.E.M.", which Stipe selected at random from a dictionary.
section_header: History | 1980–1982: Formation and first releases
text: Dr. Rafael Pelayo reports that when his colleague Dr. William Dement, the sleep scientist who coined the term REM, reached out to the band, Dr. Dement was told that the band was named "not after REM sleep".
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Alexander Stephens died while holding the office as Georgia's governor.
Wikipedia page: Alexander H. Stephens (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Alexander Hamilton Stephens (February 11, 1812 – March 4, 1883) was an American politician who served as the vice president of the Confederate States from 1861 to 1865, and later as the 50th governor of Georgia from 1882 until his death in 1883.
section_header: Summary
text: Stephens served as governor until his death in March 1883.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Einstein's spouse passed away from cancer.
Wikipedia page: Albert Einstein (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Life and career | Marriages and children
text: Elsa was diagnosed with heart and kidney problems in 1935 and died in December 1936.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: In Waiting for Godot, Godot never shows up.
Wikipedia page: Waiting for Godot (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Waiting for Godot ( GOD-oh) is a play by Samuel Beckett in which two characters, Vladimir (Didi) and Estragon (Gogo), engage in a variety of discussions and encounters while awaiting Godot, who never arrives.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Cepeda was a native of San Juan, Puerto Rico.
Wikipedia page: Orlando Cepeda (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: Orlando Cepeda was born in Ponce, Puerto Rico, to Pedro Aníbal Cepeda (1905/6-1955) and Carmen Pennes.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Spain national football team was 1st started in 1916.
Wikipedia page: Spain national football team (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: History
text: Spain has been a member of FIFA since FIFA's foundation in 1904, even though the Spanish Football Federation was first established in 1909.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Benjamin's ultimate words were him declining to see the queen, as he thought she would want him to take a message for Albert.
Wikipedia page: Benjamin Disraeli (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Final months, death, and memorials
text: Disraeli's last confirmed words before dying at his home at 19 Curzon Street in the early morning of 19 April were "I had rather live
section_header: Final months, death, and memorials
text: but I am not afraid to die". The anniversary of Disraeli's death is now commemorated in the United Kingdom as Primrose Day.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Shelley Winters had a successful acting career for nearly 60 years.
Wikipedia page: Shelley Winters (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Shelley Winters (born Shirley Schrift; August 18, 1920 – January 14, 2006) was an American actress whose career spanned almost six decades.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Whitey Ford had only two different numbers during his career, one before, and the other after serving in the armed forces.
Wikipedia page: Whitey Ford (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Biography | Pitching career | Retirement
text: Ford wore number 19 in his rookie season.
section_header: Biography | Pitching career | Retirement
text: Following his return from the army in 1953, he wore number 16 for the remainder of his career & it would later be retired by the Yankees on Saturday August 3, 1974.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Clayton Antitrust Act of 1914 was part of an antitrust law to add to the Sherman Act to stop price discrimination.
Wikipedia page: Clayton Antitrust Act (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Contents | Comparisons to other acts
text: Unilateral price discrimination is clearly outside the reach of Section 1 of the Sherman Act, which only extended to "concerted activities" (agreements).
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Joe and Jerry see criminals do bad things.
Wikipedia page: Some Like It Hot (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Plot
text: Spats and his gang from Chicago recognize Joe and Jerry as the witnesses to the Valentine's Day murders.
section_header: Summary
text: The film is about two musicians who dress in drag in order to escape from mafia gangsters whom they witnessed committing a crime (inspired by the Saint Valentine's Day Massacre).
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: A.C. Milan, also known as Milan, is located in San Siro.
Wikipedia page: A.C. Milan (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Associazione Calcio Milan (Italian pronunciation: [assotʃatˈtsjoːne ˈkaltʃo ˈmiːlan]), commonly referred to as A.C. Milan or simply Milan, is a professional football club in Milan, Italy, founded in 1899.
section_header: Summary
text: Milan's home games are played at San Siro, also known as the Stadio Giuseppe Meazza.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: John Philip Sousa was a member of the band that played at the behest of presidents of the U.S.
Wikipedia page: John Philip Sousa (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Career
text: He led "The President's Own" band under five presidents from Rutherford B. Hayes to Benjamin Harrison.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Doppler Effect, or Doppler shift, can be observed in the situation of an ambulance's warning sound having a staccato vibration as it gets closer to the observer.
Wikipedia page: Doppler effect (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: A common example of Doppler shift is the change of pitch heard when a vehicle sounding a horn approaches and recedes from an observer.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Kardashian and West have 3 children together.
Wikipedia page: Kim Kardashian (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Personal life | Health and pregnancies
text: Kardashian and husband Kanye West have four children: daughter North (born June 15, 2013), son Saint (born December 5, 2015), daughter Chicago (born January 15, 2018), and son Psalm (born May 9, 2019).Kardashian has been open about her difficult pregnancies.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Walter Brennan was an Academy Award winning actor who was called Sergeant.
Wikipedia page: Walter Brennan (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: He is known for his performances in Sergeant York (1941), To Have and Have Not (1944), My Darling Clementine (1946), Red River (1948), Rio Bravo (1959), and How the West Was Won (1962).
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Barber's mother gave birth to him in Pennsylvania.
Wikipedia page: Samuel Barber (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Biography | Early years
text: Barber was born in West Chester, Pennsylvania, the son of Marguerite McLeod (née Beatty) and Samuel Le Roy Barber.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Leonid Brezhnev's political career included corruption.
Wikipedia page: Leonid Brezhnev (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: While Brezhnev's rule was characterized by political stability and notable foreign policy successes, it was also marked by corruption, inefficiency, and rapidly growing technological gaps with the West.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Frederic Chopin passed away in France before he turned forty years old.
Wikipedia page: Frédéric Chopin (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: He died in Paris in 1849 at the age of 39, probably of pericarditis aggravated by tuberculosis.
section_header: Summary
text: Frédéric François Chopin (UK: , US: , French: [ʃɔpɛ̃], Polish: [ˈʂɔpɛn]), born Fryderyk Franciszek Chopin (1 March 1810 – 17 October 1849), was a Polish composer and virtuoso pianist of the Romantic era who wrote primarily for solo piano.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: In 1999, he ranked number 91 on The Sporting News' list of the 100 Greatest Baseball Players.
Wikipedia page: Ozzie Smith (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Post-playing career
text: In 1999, he ranked number 87 on The Sporting News' list of the 100 Greatest Baseball Players, and finished third in voting at shortstop for the Major League Baseball All-Century Team.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Ross Youngs was raised in Texas but moved to California at the age of sixteen.
Wikipedia page: Ross Youngs (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life and minor leagues
text: Youngs was born in Shiner, Texas, the second of three children, all sons.
section_header: Summary
text: From Shiner, Texas, Youngs excelled at baseball and American football at the West Texas Military Institute.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Last Tycoon was not completed at the event of the author's passing at age forty-four.
Wikipedia page: The Last Tycoon (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Publication history
text: The novel was unfinished and in rough form at the time of Fitzgerald's death at age 44.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Portrait of a Lady is a novel by Henry James is about two women conning a young widow out of her millions and is set in Italy and France.
Wikipedia page: The Portrait of a Lady (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Like many of James's novels, it is set in Europe, mostly England and Italy.
section_header: Summary
text: She inherits a large amount of money and subsequently becomes the victim of Machiavellian scheming by two American expatriates.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Stephen Hawking was an English theoretical physicist, cosmologist, and author who was director of research at the Centre for Theoretical Cosmology at the University of Cambridge at the time of his death, after living with motor neurone disease for more than 50 years.
Wikipedia page: Stephen Hawking (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: He died on 14 March 2018 at the age of 76, after living with motor neurone disease for more than 50 years.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Fungus, any member of the group of eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeasts and molds, do not photosynthesize.
Wikipedia page: Fungus (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Fungi do not photosynthesize.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The country of England which is part of the United Kingdom is derived from a word that means "land of Angles" which where Germanic Tribes that came to the island.
Wikipedia page: England (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Toponymy
text: How and why a term derived from the name of a tribe that was less significant than others, such as the Saxons, came to be used for the entire country and its people is not known, but it seems this is related to the custom of calling the Germanic people in Britain Angli Saxones or English Saxons to distinguish them from continental Saxons (Eald-Seaxe) of Old Saxony between the Weser and Eider rivers in Northern Germany.
section_header: Toponymy
text: The name "England" is derived from the Old English name Englaland, which means "land of the Angles".
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The TV series rank for 6 years.
Wikipedia page: Glee (TV series) (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Glee (stylized in all lowercase) is  an American musical comedy-drama television series that aired on the Fox network in the United States from May 19, 2009, to March 20, 2015.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Waiting for Godot which premiered in 1953  was originally written in French and and was next translated into German to premiere in 1955.
Wikipedia page: Waiting for Godot (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Waiting for Godot ( GOD-oh) is a play by Samuel Beckett in which two characters, Vladimir (Didi) and Estragon (Gogo), engage in a variety of discussions and encounters while awaiting Godot, who never arrives.
section_header: Summary
text: The English-language version premiered in London in 1955.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Joe Sewell played MLB for 2 teams.
Wikipedia page: Joe Sewell (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Joseph Wheeler Sewell (October 9, 1898 – March 6, 1990) was a Major League Baseball infielder for the Cleveland Indians and New York Yankees.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Females could be Green Mountain Boys, too.
Wikipedia page: Green Mountain Boys (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Vermont National Guard
text: Today, the Vermont Army National Guard and Vermont Air National Guard are collectively known as the Vermont National Guard or the "Green Mountain Boys", even though women have served in both branches since the mid-twentieth century.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Crime and Punishment was initially released in several parts.
Wikipedia page: Crime and Punishment (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: It was first published in the literary journal The Russian Messenger in twelve monthly installments during 1866.
section_header: Background
text: From then on, Crime and Punishment is referred to as a novel.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Italian general Giuseppe Garibaldi was anti-catholic, wanted to unite Italy and led a campaign to overthrow the pope.
Wikipedia page: Giuseppe Garibaldi (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: In 1848, Garibaldi returned to Italy and commanded and fought in military campaigns that eventually led to Italian unification.
section_header: Biography | Expedition against Rome
text: His efforts to overthrow the pope by military action mobilized anti-Catholic support.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Ban Johnson was an executive and founder of the National League and later died in Massapequa.
Wikipedia page: Ban Johnson (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Legacy
text: Johnson died at age 67 in St. Louis, Missouri, just a few hours after his successor, Ernest Barnard.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Ideal gas law was first derived by Gauss in 1856.
Wikipedia page: Ideal gas law (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: It was first stated by Benoît Paul Émile Clapeyron in 1834 as a combination of the empirical Boyle's law, Charles's law, Avogadro's law, and Gay-Lussac's law.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Neutrons are larger than protons.
Wikipedia page: Neutron (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The neutron is a subatomic particle, symbol n or n0, with no electric charge and a mass slightly greater than that of a proton.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Dizzy Dean was a professional baseball pitcher that got his nickname pitching for a Military Baseball group.
Wikipedia page: Dizzy Dean (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: He earned his nickname in 1929 in San Antonio, Texas, while in the U.S. Army and pitching for the Fort Sam Houston baseball team.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The book Oliver Twist was originally published over a period of 2 years.
Wikipedia page: Oliver Twist (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Publications
text: The novel was originally published in monthly instalments in the magazine Bentley's Miscellany, from February 1837 to April 1839.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Second Bank of the United States was established because a national alliance formed that stated that a central bank was needed to address currency issues and establish fiscal order.
Wikipedia page: Second Bank of the United States (History)
Evidence:
section_header: History | Establishment
text: In the aftermath of the War of 1812 the federal government suffered from the disarray of an unregulated currency and a lack of fiscal order; business interests sought security for their government bonds.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: A small section from the original version of the play Glengarry Glen Ross was removed because it referred to out of date information about Chicago politicians.
Wikipedia page: Glengarry Glen Ross (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Controversy
text: There was controversy over lines in the play, and in the film adaptation of it, in which it was claimed prejudice was shown against Indian-Americans.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Roy Halladay did like baseball since he was young.
Wikipedia page: Roy Halladay (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: From an early age, Halladay loved baseball, trying every position on the field until, by age 14, his success on the pitcher's mound attracted the attention of major league scouts.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Ty Cobb has the nickname The Georgia Peach  since he was born in Georgia which is known as the peach state.
Wikipedia page: Ty Cobb (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Tyrus Raymond Cobb (December 18, 1886 – July 17, 1961), nicknamed The Georgia Peach, was an American Major League Baseball (MLB) outfielder.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: On the Road was released in 1955.
Wikipedia page: On the Road (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: On the Road is a 1957 novel by American writer Jack Kerouac, based on the travels of Kerouac and his friends across the United States.
section_header: Summary
text: It was published by Viking Press in 1957.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Christopher Columbus was an Spanish sailor and explored the Caribbean Islands
Wikipedia page: Christopher Columbus (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Christopher Columbus (; Ligurian: Cristoffa Corombo; Italian: Cristoforo Colombo; Spanish: Cristóbal Colón; before 31 October 1451 – 20 May 1506) was an Italian explorer and navigator who completed four voyages across the Atlantic Ocean, opening the way for European exploration and colonization of the Americas.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Frances Mc Dormand grew up with her biological parents.
Wikipedia page: Frances McDormand (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: She was adopted at one and a half years of age by Noreen (Nickelson) and Vernon McDormand and renamed Frances Louise McDormand.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The author of, "The Screwtape Letters," acknowledges Aldous Huxley for it's inspiration.
Wikipedia page: The Screwtape Letters (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The Screwtape Letters is a Christian apologetic novel by C. S. Lewis and dedicated to J. R. R. Tolkien.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Chelsea Football Club is a soccer team in England and has won many championships.
Wikipedia page: Chelsea F.C. (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Chelsea Football Club is an English professional football club based in Fulham, London.
section_header: Honours | National competitions | Cups
text: FA CupWinners (8): 1969–70, 1996–97, 1999–2000, 2006–07, 2008–09, 2009–10, 2011–12, 2017–18Football League Cup / EFL CupWinners (5): 1964–65, 1997–98, 2004–05, 2006–07, 2014–15FA Charity Shield / FA Community ShieldWinners (4): 1955, 2000, 2005, 2009Full Members' CupWinners (2): 1985–86, 1989–90
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Mausoleum was destroyed in the 12th century but was later restored in the 17th century.
Wikipedia page: Mausoleum at Halicarnassus (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Later history of the Mausoleum
text: It stood above the city's ruins for sixteen centuries.
section_header: History
text: At the original site, all that remained by the 19th century were the foundations and some broken sculptures.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Faber only played for the White Sox during his career.
Wikipedia page: Red Faber (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Urban Clarence "Red" Faber (September 6, 1888 – September 25, 1976) was an American right-handed pitcher in Major League Baseball from 1914 through 1933, playing his entire career for the Chicago White Sox.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Kenilworth is in England and has over 23,000 people.
Wikipedia page: Kenilworth (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The 2011 Census recorded a parish population of 22,413.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: "The Devil and Daniel Webster" is a story about a man that sells his soul and in the book speaks about pro slavery.
Wikipedia page: The Devil and Daniel Webster (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Benet's story centers on a New Hampshire farmer who sells his soul to the devil and is defended by Daniel Webster, a fictional version of the famous 19th century American statesman, lawyer and orator.
section_header: Major themes | Slavery
text: In his speech, Webster denounces slavery.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Larry Walker was a baseball player to do something no one has ever done in the MLB.
Wikipedia page: Larry Walker (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: In 1997, he became the only player in major league history to register both a .700 slugging percentage (SLG) and 30 stolen bases in the same season, on his way to winning the National League (NL) Most Valuable Player Award (MVP).
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Louis Santop was one of the great ball players in the African American leagues because he was great at hitting the long ball.
Wikipedia page: Louis Santop (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: He became "one of the earliest superstars" and "black baseball's first legitimate home-run slugger" (Riley), and was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 2006.
section_header: Playing career
text: In 1910, his only full season with Philadelphia, Santop and Dick Redding formed a "kid battery", catcher and pitcher.(Riley) An amazing .406 lifetime hitter, Santop would often hit long home runs.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Olivia Newton-John once dated a man who allegedly faked his own passing for money.
Wikipedia page: Olivia Newton-John (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Personal life | Relationships
text: In April 2010, a private investigator, hired by an American television program, claimed that McDermott was alive in Mexico, and had faked his death for life insurance fraud – but did not provide proof beyond their own statement that they were confident.
section_header: Personal life | Relationships
text: John met gaffer/cameraman Patrick McDermott a year after her 1995 divorce from Matt Lattanzi.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The name of the species translates to small and spherical.
Wikipedia page: Rotifera (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The rotifers (from Latin rota "wheel" and -fer "bearing"), commonly called wheel animals or wheel animalcules, make up a phylum (Rotifera) of microscopic and near-microscopic pseudocoelomate animals.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Satchel Paige was an amazing baseball player who played until his late 40s.
Wikipedia page: Satchel Paige (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: He played with the St. Louis Browns until age 47, and represented them in the All-Star Game in 1952 and 1953.
section_header: Summary
text: Leroy Robert "Satchel" Paige (July 7, 1906 – June 8, 1982) was an American Negro league baseball and Major League Baseball (MLB) pitcher who is notable for his longevity in the game, and for attracting record crowds
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Prague Spring lasted for only the springtime months in the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic.
Wikipedia page: Prague Spring (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: It began on 5 January 1968, when reformist Alexander Dubček was elected First Secretary of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia (KSČ), and continued until 21 August 1968, when the Soviet Union and other Warsaw Pact members invaded the country to suppress the reforms.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Battle of Trafalgar was a engagement on land between the Napoleonic and Spanish armies fighting over a piece of land in France.
Wikipedia page: Battle of Trafalgar (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The Battle of Trafalgar (21 October 1805) was a naval engagement fought by the British Royal Navy against the combined fleets of the French and Spanish Navies during the War of the Third Coalition (August–December 1805) of the Napoleonic Wars (
section_header: Results of the battle
text: The battle took place the day after the Battle of Ulm, and Napoleon did not hear about it for weeks—the Grande Armée had left Boulogne to fight Britain's allies before they could combine their armies.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Al Barlick's daddy was a miner.
Wikipedia page: Al Barlick (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: His father, an Austrian immigrant, worked for 50 years at a Peabody coal mine.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Marlon Brando, an American actor and film director with a career spanning 60 years, during which he won the Oscar for Best Actor twice,  was paid a record $3.7 million and 11.75% of the gross profits for three weeks of work on Superman.
Wikipedia page: Marlon Brando (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: He is well-regarded for his cultural influence on 20th-century film.
section_header: Summary
text: According to the Guinness Book of World Records, Brando was paid a record $3.7 million ($16 million in inflation-adjusted dollars) and 11.75% of the gross profits for 13 days' work on Superman.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: There are several types of supernova, and the main contributor to which type occurs is what sort of planets and debris surround the star before it dies.
Wikipedia page: Supernova (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Current models | Progenitor
text: The supernova classification type is closely tied to the type of star at the time of the collapse.
section_header: Current models | Progenitor
text: The occurrence of each type of supernova depends dramatically on the metallicity, and hence the age of the host galaxy.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The work of Emmy Noether has been separated into 4 epochs.
Wikipedia page: Emmy Noether (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Noether's mathematical work has been divided into three "epochs".
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Forky, a character in Toy Story 4 made of a spork, googly eyes, and pipe cleaners, got its own show online.
Wikipedia page: Toy Story 4 (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Future | Series
text: , Forky Asks a Question, debuted exclusively on the Disney+ streaming service upon its launch on November 12, 2019.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Favourite never received an award.
Wikipedia page: The Favourite (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The film also won eight European Film Awards including Best Film, Best Director and Best Actress for Colman.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Temple of Artemision was not saved by its goddess when it was set on fire.
Wikipedia page: Temple of Artemis (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Second phase | Destruction
text: In Greek and Roman historical tradition, the temple's destruction coincided with the birth of Alexander the Great (around 20/21 July 356 BC).
section_header: Second phase | Destruction
text: Plutarch remarked that Artemis was too preoccupied with Alexander's delivery to save her burning temple.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: No one knows how many Hyksos kings there were.
Wikipedia page: Hyksos (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Rule and administration | Rulers
text: The names, the order, length of rule, and even the total number of the Fifteenth Dynasty rulers are not known with full certainty.
section_header: Rule and administration | Rulers
text: After the end of their rule, the Hyksos kings were not considered to have been legitimate rulers of Egypt and were therefore omitted from most king lists.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: This is an English comedy film about a man named Howard dealing with issues he has with his "end".
Wikipedia page: Howards End (film) (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Plot
text: In Edwardian Britain, Helen Schlegel becomes engaged to Paul Wilcox during a moment of passion, while she is staying at the country home of the Wilcox family, Howards End.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: It was built in memory of his Mother.
Wikipedia page: Taj Mahal (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Inspiration
text: The Taj Mahal was commissioned by Shah Jahan in 1631, to be built in the memory of his wife Mumtaz Mahal, who died on 17 June that year, while giving birth to their 14th child, Gauhara Begum.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Simon and Garfunkel met and became friends at work in a grocery store.
Wikipedia page: Simon & Garfunkel (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Simon and Garfunkel met in elementary school in Queens, New York, in 1953, where they learned to harmonize together and began writing material.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Scott Joplin was the father of singer and songwriter Janis Joplin.
Wikipedia page: Scott Joplin (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Scott Joplin (c. 1868 – April 1, 1917) was an African-American composer and pianist.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Pierre Trudeau is the father of the current Canadian Prime Minister.
Wikipedia page: Pierre Trudeau (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: His eldest son, Justin Trudeau, became the 23rd and current Prime Minister, following the 2015 election and 2019 election, and is the first prime minister of Canada to be a descendant of a former prime minister.
section_header: Death
text: Justin Trudeau was appointed Prime Minister on November 4, 2015, the first time a father and son had both held the position in Canada.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Cosine is one of the 3 most used trigonometric functions.
Wikipedia page: Cosine (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The most widely used trigonometric functions are the sine, the cosine, and the tangent.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Shelley Winters, an American actress, worked for both Universal and 20th Century Fox.
Wikipedia page: Shelley Winters (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Career | Breakthrough – A Double Life and Universal
text: It was distributed by Universal which signed Winters to a long-term contract.
section_header: Career | A Place in the Sun
text: She was loaned to 20th Century Fox for Phone Call from a Stranger (1952), with Bette Davis.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The story was written in 19th century.
Wikipedia page: The Devil and Daniel Webster (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The story appeared in The Saturday Evening Post (October 24, 1936) and was published in book form by Farrar & Rinehart the following year.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Bhagavadgita has more that 12 chapters.
Wikipedia page: Bhagavadgita (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: " The Song of God"), often referred to as the Gita, is a 700-verse Hindu scripture that is part of the epic Mahabharata (chapters 23–40 of Bhishma Parva).
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Favourite movie made several awards and made over $75 million dollars.
Wikipedia page: The Favourite (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The film became a box office success, grossing $95 million worldwide on a $15 million budget.
section_header: Summary
text: The film also won eight European Film Awards including Best Film, Best Director and Best Actress for Colman.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The city of Jerusalem was once called Urusalim based on earliest records.
Wikipedia page: Jerusalem (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Jerusalem was named as Urusalim on ancient Egyptian tablets, probably meaning "City of Shalem" after a Canaanite deity, during the Canaanite period (14th century BCE).
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Glass Bead Game was a book that had an anti-fascist author.
Wikipedia page: The Glass Bead Game (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The Glass Bead Game (German: Das Glasperlenspiel, pronounced [das ˈɡlaːspɛʁlənˌʃpiːl] (listen)) is the last full-length novel of the German author Hermann Hesse.
section_header: Summary
text: It was begun in 1931 and published in Switzerland in 1943 after being rejected for publication in Germany due to Hesse's anti-Fascist views.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: James Monroe is partially famous for his part in ripping off the French in a massive real-estate buy-out.
Wikipedia page: James Monroe (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Governor of Virginia and diplomat | Louisiana Purchase and Minister to Great Britain
text: Meeting with François Barbé-Marbois, the French foreign minister, Monroe and Livingston agreed to purchase the entire territory of Louisiana for $15 million; the purchase became known as the Louisiana Purchase.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Philippines capital is San Lazaro.
Wikipedia page: Philippines (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The capital city of the Philippines is Manila and the most populous city is Quezon City, both within the single urban area of Metro Manila.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Eminem is an American rapper, songwriter, and record producer that has had ten number one albums on the Billboard 200, including 13 Grammy Awards,.
Wikipedia page: Eminem (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Marshall Bruce Mathers III (born October 17, 1972), known professionally as Eminem (; often stylized as EMINƎM), is an American rapper, songwriter, and record producer.
section_header: Achievements and honors
text: Among Eminem's awards is 15 Grammy Awards, eight American Music Awards and 17 Billboard Music Awards,
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: James Naismith won many Wicksteed medals for outstanding gymnastics performances in college.
Wikipedia page: James Naismith (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Early years
text: He won multiple Wicksteed medals for outstanding gymnastics performances.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Prometheus Bound's author is unknown but Aeschylus has been given credit for the work.
Wikipedia page: Prometheus Bound (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Debate over authenticity
text: West has argued that the Prometheus Bound and its trilogy are at least partially and probably wholly the work of Aeschylus' son, Euphorion, who was also a playwright.
section_header: Summary
text: Aside from that, however, scholars cannot agree whether the play was written early or late in Aeschylus’ career or even whether it is a genuine work of Aeschylus.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Los Angeles is known as the "City of Angels" because of their baseball team, cathedral, the name's translation from Italian, and at least one landmark.
Wikipedia page: Los Angeles (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Los Angeles ( (listen); Spanish: Los Ángeles; Spanish for 'The Angels'), officially the City of Los Angeles and often known by its initials L.A., is the largest city in California.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: "Thanatopsis" earned the author William Bryant enough money to complete his college education.
Wikipedia page: Thanatopsis (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Critical reception
text: Nevertheless, over five years, it earned Bryant only $14.92.
section_header: Background
text: According to Parke Godwin, Bryant's friend, Bryant wrote the poem when he was seventeen years old in mid-1811, just after he had left Williams College.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The film Howards End contains a plot point about the alleged arson of the estate called Howards End.
Wikipedia page: Howards End (film) (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Plot
text: Hearing that the lease on the Schlegels' house is due to expire, Ruth on her death bed bequeaths Howards End to Margaret.
section_header: Plot
text: This causes great consternation to the Wilcoxes, who refuse to believe that Ruth was in her "right mind" or could possibly have intended her home to go to a relative stranger.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The publication of the The Red and the Black was done in 2 parts.
Wikipedia page: The Red and the Black (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Le Rouge et le Noir (French pronunciation: ​[lə ʁuʒ e l(ə) nwaʁ]; meaning The Red and the Black) is a historical psychological novel in two volumes by Stendhal, published in 1830.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: In Cold Blood is a novel based on real life events that took place in 1959.
Wikipedia page: In Cold Blood (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: In Cold Blood is a non-fiction novel by American author Truman Capote, first published in 1966; it details the 1959 murders of four members of the Herbert Clutter family in the small farming community of Holcomb, Kansas.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Switzerland has no oceans and has around 8,500,000 million people.
Wikipedia page: Switzerland (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Politics | Military
text: Being a landlocked country, Switzerland has no navy; however, on lakes bordering neighbouring countries, armed military patrol boats are used.
section_header: Summary
text: While the Alps occupy the greater part of the territory, the Swiss population of approximately 8.5 million is concentrated mostly on the plateau, where the largest cities and economic centres are located, among them Zürich, Geneva and Basel, where multiple international organisations are domiciled (such as FIFA, the UN's second-largest Office, and the Bank for International Settlements) and where the main international airports of Switzerland are.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Prince Rogers Nelson was an American singer-songwriter with two parents who loved music and overcame seizures after an angel informed him that he would.
Wikipedia page: Prince (musician) (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: and I said, 'Because an angel told me so.'
section_header: Early life
text: Prince said he was "born epileptic" and had seizures when he was young.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Charlie Sheen's real name is Carlos Sheen
Wikipedia page: Charlie Sheen (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: Sheen was born Carlos Estévez on September 3, 1965, in New York City, the youngest son of actor Martin Sheen (whose real name is Ramón Gerardo Antonio Estévez) and artist Janet Templeton.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Brideshead Revisited was authored by Charles Ryder between 1921 and 1935.
Wikipedia page: Brideshead Revisited (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Brideshead Revisited, The Sacred & Profane Memories of Captain Charles Ryder is a novel by English writer Evelyn Waugh, first published in 1945.
section_header: Summary
text: It follows, from the 1920s to the early 1940s, the life and romances of the protagonist Charles Ryder, most especially his friendship with the Flytes, a family of wealthy English Catholics who live in a palatial mansion called Brideshead Castle.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Robert Schumann was a composer and referenced on television shows.
Wikipedia page: Robert Schumann (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Robert Schumann (German: [ˈʃuːman]; 8 June 1810 – 29 July 1856) was a German composer, pianist, and influential music critic.
section_header: Media portrayals
text: Seinfeld : Robert Schumann is mentioned in a 1991 episode of Seinfeld "The Jacket".
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: This book is, by author's admission, made to mock conspiracy theorists.
Wikipedia page: Foucault's Pendulum (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Comparison with other writings
text: No. In Foucault's Pendulum I wrote the grotesque representation of these kind of people.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Herb Pennock died of a cerebral hemorrhage in a lobby of a hotel.
Wikipedia page: Herb Pennock (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Post-playing career
text: He was pronounced dead upon his arrival at Midtown Hospital.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The 1988 film Who Framed Roger Rabbit was shot on time.
Wikipedia page: Who Framed Roger Rabbit (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: While filming, the production budget began to rapidly expand and the shooting schedule ran longer than expected.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Netflix has changed over the years to have both streaming and DVD rental by mail.
Wikipedia page: Netflix (Technology)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Netflix expanded its business in 2007 with the introduction of streaming media while retaining the DVD and Blu-ray rental business.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Dark Knight Rises production team recycled old Batman franchise costumes to cut down on the time and cost pf creating the characters' wardrobes.
Wikipedia page: The Dark Knight Rises (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Production | Design | Costume design
text: Hemming personally designed Bane's coat, which she admitted took two years to complete.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Columbian Order aligned with republicans.
Wikipedia page: Tammany Hall (History)
Evidence:
section_header: History | 1789–1840
text: The Tammany Society, also known as the Society of St. Tammany, the Sons of St. Tammany, or the Columbian Order, was founded in New York on May 12, 1789, originally as a branch of a wider network of Tammany Societies, the first having been formed in Philadelphia in 1772.
section_header: Summary
text: It typically controlled Democratic Party nominations and political patronage in Manhattan after the mayoral victory of Fernando Wood in 1854, and used its patronage resources to build a loyal, well-rewarded core of district and precinct leaders; after 1850 the great majority were Irish Catholics.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Warren G. Harding's inauguration did not have a lot of pomp and circumstance.
Wikipedia page: Warren G. Harding (History)
Evidence:
section_header: President (1921–1923) | Inauguration and appointments
text: Harding preferred a low-key inauguration, without the customary parade, leaving only the swearing-in ceremony and a brief reception at the White House.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: American actress Susan Abigail Sarandon carried the Olympic flag.
Wikipedia page: Susan Sarandon (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Political views and activism
text: In 2006, she was one of eight women selected to carry in the Olympic flag at the Opening Ceremony of the 2006 Olympic Winter Games, in Turin, Italy.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Robert Schumann not only composed and performed as a musician, but also complained about other people's songs professionally.
Wikipedia page: Robert Schumann (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Robert Schumann (German: [ˈʃuːman]; 8 June 1810 – 29 July 1856) was a German composer, pianist, and influential music critic.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: West is bipolar because he has daily hallucinations.
Wikipedia page: Kanye West (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Personal life | Mental health
text: " The following day, he was committed to the UCLA Medical Center with hallucinations and paranoia.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Dick Williams is from California.
Wikipedia page: Dick Williams (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Biography | Playing career
text: Williams was born on May 7, 1929, in St. Louis, Missouri, and lived there until age 13, when his family moved to Pasadena, California.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Salesforce is not allowed to use the term "social enterprise" to describe their services in some countries.
Wikipedia page: Salesforce.com (Technology)
Evidence:
section_header: History
text: This was successfully challenged by a campaign called #notinourname which was launched by Social Enterprise UK, resulting in Salesforce.com withdrawing their trademark application and agreeing not to use the term in their future marketing.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Thebes was the location of many of the Greek legends and is still a busy area today.
Wikipedia page: Thebes, Greece (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: It played an important role in Greek myths, as the site of the stories of Cadmus, Oedipus, Dionysus, Heracles and others.
section_header: History | Modern town
text: Tourism in the area is based mainly in Thebes and the surrounding villages, where many places of interest related to antiquity exist such as the battlefield where the Battle of Plataea took place.
Verdict: SUPPORTS