tasksource/fool-me-twice huggingface dataset:
Claim: John Peter Zenger had at least 6 kids that died early.
Wikipedia page: John Peter Zenger (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: He was the father of many children by his second wife, six of whom survived.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Million Dollar Baby is a film about a waitress that became a prize fighter.
Wikipedia page: Million Dollar Baby (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Million Dollar Baby is a 2004 American sports drama film directed, co-produced, and scored by Clint Eastwood from a screenplay written by Paul Haggis, based on short stories by F.X. Toole, the pen name of fight manager and cutman Jerry Boyd.
section_header: Plot
text: Margaret "Maggie" Fitzgerald (Hilary Swank), a waitress from a Missouri town in the Ozarks, shows up in the Hit Pit, a run-down Los Angeles gym owned and operated by Frankie Dunn (Clint Eastwood), an old Irish-American, cantankerous boxing trainer.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Bloomberg was an upstanding and uncontroversial businessman.
Wikipedia page: Bloomberg L.P. (Technology)
Evidence:
section_header: Controversies | Sekiko Sakai Garrison v. Michael Bloomberg and Bloomberg L.P.
text: The lawsuit also alleged that Bloomberg berated a female employee who had trouble finding a nanny, saying, “It’s a f------ baby!
section_header: Controversies | Sekiko Sakai Garrison v. Michael Bloomberg and Bloomberg L.P.
text: Garrison alleged that when she told Bloomberg that she was pregnant, he told her to "Kill it!" and said "Great!
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Mariah Carey was given the name Mariah after a popular film star in South America who was her mother's relative.
Wikipedia page: Mariah Carey (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: Her name was derived from the song " They Call the Wind Maria," originally from the 1951 Broadway musical Paint Your Wagon.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Kanye doesn't physically lack a functioning brain.
Wikipedia page: Kanye West (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Personal life | Legacy
text: " But Kanye does think. Constantly.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Pete Hill's actual birthday is not known for sure.
Wikipedia page: Pete Hill (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: Though he was thought to have been born Joseph Preston Hill in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania on October 12, 1880, recent research has shown that Hill's first name was John and that he was probably born on October 12, 1882 in Culpeper County, Virginia; some sources indicate a birth year of 1883 or 1884.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Ozzie Smith is the father to four children from his mariage to former wife Tiara.
Wikipedia page: Ozzie Smith (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Personal life
text: Smith is the father to three children from his marriage to former wife Denise; sons Nikko and Dustin, and daughter Taryn.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Gaetano Donizetti wrote over 75 operas.
Wikipedia page: Gaetano Donizetti (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Domenico Gaetano Maria Donizetti (, also UK: , US: , Italian: [doˈmeːniko ɡaeˈtaːno maˈriːa donidˈdzetti] (listen); 29 November 1797 – 8 April 1848) was an Italian composer, best known for his almost 70 operas.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The main reason for the Battle of Blenheim was to fight for Dutch Succession.
Wikipedia page: Battle of Blenheim (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The Battle of Blenheim (German: Zweite Schlacht bei Höchstädt; French Bataille de Höchstädt), fought on 13 August 1704, was a major battle of the War of the Spanish Succession.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Aaron Copland was a composer.
Wikipedia page: Aaron Copland (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Aaron Copland (, KOHP-lənd; November 14, 1900 – December 2, 1990) was an American composer, composition teacher, writer, and later a conductor of his own and other American music.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Night of the Long Knives was a purge that took place in Nazi Germany from June 30 to July 2, 1934 in which police stations were told to burn "all documents concerning the action and newspapers were told not to publish lists of the dead.
Wikipedia page: Night of the Long Knives (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Aftermath
text: " Meanwhile, Goebbels tried to prevent newspapers from publishing lists of the dead, but at the same time used a July 2 radio address to describe how Hitler had narrowly prevented Röhm and Schleicher from overthrowing the government and throwing the country into turmoil.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: A Chinatown is usually started by a person who buys land and properties and turns it into this type of town.
Wikipedia page: Chinatown (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The development of most Chinatowns typically resulted from mass migration to an area without any or with very few Chinese residents.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: One of the Yankees nicknames include "New Zoo"
Wikipedia page: New York Yankees (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Team nicknames
text: The "Yankees" name is often shortened to "the Yanks." Their most prominently used nickname is "the Bronx Bombers" or simply "the Bombers", a reference to their home and their prolific hitting.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: In 1957 John Lennon formed a group with friends called The Red Kings.
Wikipedia page: The Beatles (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: History | 1957–1963: Formation, Hamburg, and UK popularity
text: They briefly called themselves the Blackjacks, before changing their name to the Quarrymen after discovering that another local group was already using the name.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Even though he was supposed to play bass, Jimmy Page ended up not playing that instrument in the band Led Zeppelin.
Wikipedia page: Led Zeppelin (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: History | Formation
text: In 1966, London-based session guitarist Jimmy Page joined the blues-influenced rock band the Yardbirds to replace bassist Paul Samwell-Smith.
section_header: History | Formation
text: Page soon switched from bass to lead guitar, creating a dual lead guitar line-up with Jeff Beck.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Renée Zellweger is a Texan actress that began acting at the age of six.
Wikipedia page: Renée Zellweger (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: While at the university, Zellweger took a drama course as an elective, which sparked her interest in acting.
section_header: Early life
text: Renée Kathleen Zellweger was born on April 25, 1969, in Katy, Texas.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Receiving affirmative response, Bullets over Broadway is a 1994 film with a gangster, a compulsive eater, and an alcoholic female star.
Wikipedia page: Bullets over Broadway (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Premise
text: In order to gain financing for his play, God of Our Fathers, he agrees to hire actress Olive Neal, the girlfriend of a gangster.
section_header: Premise
text: As the actors prepare for opening night, Shayne is soon in over his head claiming Cheech's rewrites as his own, cheating on his partner, Ellen, with the show's seductive, alcoholic leading lady, Helen Sinclair, and facing his leading man, a compulsive eater, beginning an affair with Olive.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Daubechies was a dutch artist and playwright.
Wikipedia page: Ingrid Daubechies (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Baroness Ingrid Daubechies ( doh-bə-SHEE; French: [dobʃi]; born 17 August 1954) is a Belgian physicist and mathematician.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: In the television series Code Geass, modern Japan has been destroyed.
Wikipedia page: Code Geass (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Synopsis | Plot
text: With the ruins of Japan as a background, Lelouch vows to his Japanese friend Suzaku Kururugi that he will one day obliterate Britannia as an act of vengeance against his father.
section_header: Synopsis | Setting
text: The story takes place after the Holy Britannian Empire's conquest of Japan on August 10, 2010 a.t.b., by means of Britannia's newest weapon, the "Autonomous Armored Knight", or "Knightmare Frame".
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Turkey Stearnes was a player who started his career on a non MLB team in the 1930s.
Wikipedia page: Turkey Stearnes (NOCAT)
Evidence:
section_header: Career
text: He began his career in professional baseball in 1920 with the Nashville Giants, then played for the Detroit Stars, beginning in 1923.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: All the systems of resonance have several frequencies.
Wikipedia page: Resonance (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Overview
text: Some systems have multiple, distinct, resonant frequencies.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Around Pearl Harbor, during the attack, there were not any means of communication available to the population.
Wikipedia page: Attack on Pearl Harbor (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Aftermath | Niihau Incident
text: The island's residents had no telephones or radios and were completely unaware of the attack on Pearl Harbor.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: A structural piece from Forbes Field where Mazeroski hit a home run that gave the Pittsburgh Pirates their first World Series championship in 35 years is still standing in Pittsburgh even though most of the baseball stadium is gone.
Wikipedia page: Bill Mazeroski (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Hall of Fame selection and other honors
text: A portion of the brick center field wall from Forbes Field remains standing on the University of Pittsburgh campus in Pittsburgh's Oakland District as a memorial.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Pakistan is not a member of the United Nations.
Wikipedia page: Pakistan (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Pakistan is a member of the UN, the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation, the OIC, the Commonwealth of Nations, the SAARC, the Islamic Military Counter Terrorism Coalition, and is a major non-NATO ally.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Zellweger has been engaged once and married once.
Wikipedia page: Renée Zellweger (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Personal life | Relationships
text: From 1999 to 2000, Zellweger was engaged to Jim Carrey.
section_header: Personal life | Relationships
text: In May 2005, Zellweger married singer Kenny Chesney.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Battle of Tannenberg was a clash involving Germany and France in World War II.
Wikipedia page: Battle of Tannenberg (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The Battle of Tannenberg was fought between Russia and Germany between 26 and 30 August 1914, the first month of World War I.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The book ends with a man having to take out his best friend to save him from a worse fate.
Wikipedia page: Of Mice and Men (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Plot
text: He then euthanizes Lennie by shooting him, because he sees it as an action in Lennie's best interest.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk was filmed on 3 March 1918.
Wikipedia page: Treaty of Brest-Litovsk (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: It is considered the first diplomatic treaty ever filmed.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The 1896 U.S. Supreme Court case Plessy v. Ferguson has a dissent written by Justice John Marshall Harlan and it is considered to be the worst decision in Supreme Court history despite never being overruled.
Wikipedia page: Plessy v. Ferguson (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Decision | Dissent
text: Justice John Marshall Harlan was the lone dissenter from the decision, and his dissent harshly criticized the majority's judgments.
section_header: Summary
text: Plessy is widely regarded as one of the worst decisions in U.S. Supreme Court history.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Two Gentlemen of Verona is a serious play about foolishness of lovers.
Wikipedia page: The Two Gentlemen of Verona (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The Two Gentlemen of Verona is a comedy by William Shakespeare, believed to have been written between 1589 and 1593.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Coming Home is a movie that follows a troop of soldiers as they come back to base after war.
Wikipedia page: Coming Home (1978 film) (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The film's narrative follows a perplexed woman, her Marine husband and a paraplegic Vietnam War veteran whom she meets while her husband is deployed in Vietnam.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: It has not been settled by all scientist that viruses are alive.
Wikipedia page: Virus (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Microbiology | Life properties
text: Scientific opinions differ on whether viruses are a form of life, or organic structures that interact with living organisms.
section_header: Microbiology | Life properties
text: They have been described as "organisms at the edge of life", since they resemble organisms in that they possess genes, evolve by natural selection, and reproduce by creating multiple copies of themselves through self-assembly.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The book The Catcher in the Rye has always been popular and has never been banned.
Wikipedia page: The Catcher in the Rye (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Censorship and use in schools
text: Between 1961 and 1982, The Catcher in the Rye was the most censored book in high schools and libraries in the United States.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The play, Mrs. Warren's Profession, by George Bernard Shaw has a sequel written by the same author.
Wikipedia page: Mrs. Warren's Profession (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Sequel
text: Sir Harry Johnston wrote a sequel, a novel entitled Mrs. Warren's Daughter, circa 1920.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Arc has a restaurant almost at the top that can be reached by stairs.
Wikipedia page: Arc de Triomphe (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Access
text: A lift will take visitors almost to the top – to the attic, where there is a small museum which contains large models of the Arc and tells its story from the time of its construction.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Code Geass is a Chinese tv show.
Wikipedia page: Code Geass (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Hepburn: Kōdo Giasu: Hangyaku no Rurūshu), often referred to simply as Code Geass, is a Japanese anime series produced by Sunrise.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Gravity does not exist 300 stories in the air.
Wikipedia page: Gravity (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Specifics | Earth's gravity
text: Every planetary body (including the Earth) is surrounded by its own gravitational field, which can be conceptualized with Newtonian physics as exerting an attractive force on all objects.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Ralph Morgan had ten siblings.
Wikipedia page: Ralph Morgan (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: Morgan was born in New York City, the eighth of eleven children of Josephine Wright (née Hancox) and George Diogracia Wuppermann.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: In his final year in the MLB, Joss sat out most of the season due to an injury.
Wikipedia page: Addie Joss (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The 1910 season was his last, and Joss missed most of the year due to injury.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: American actor Gary Cooper started in silent films but became famous with his first role in a talking picture The Texan.
Wikipedia page: Gary Cooper (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Career | Hollywood stardom, 1929–35
text: Cooper became a major movie star in 1929 with the release of his first talking picture, The Virginian (1929), which was directed by Victor Fleming and co-starred Mary Brian and Walter Huston.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Kenny G's mom was from Germany.
Wikipedia page: Kenny G (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: His mother was from Saskatchewan, Canada.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Ted Lyon set a record for winning over 21 games in 1925, 1926 and 1928.
Wikipedia page: Ted Lyons (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Lyons won 20 or more games three times (in 1925, 1927, and 1930) and became a fan favorite in Chicago.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Congress of Berlin was an event were a group of multiple countries met to decide the ownership of the Balkan Peninsula.
Wikipedia page: Congress of Berlin (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: It aimed at determining the territories of the states in the Balkan Peninsula after the Russo-Turkish War of 1877–78 and came to an end with the signing of the Treaty of Berlin, which replaced the preliminary Treaty of San Stefano, which had been signed three months earlier between Russia and the Ottoman Empire.
section_header: Summary
text: The Congress of Berlin (13 June – 13 July 1878) was a meeting of the representatives of the era's six great powers in Europe (Russia, Great Britain, France, Austria-Hungary, Italy and Germany), the Ottoman Empire and four Balkan states (Greece, Serbia, Romania and Montenegro).
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Citizens in the Tang Dynasty maintained a strict lifestyle, focused on discipline and productivity.
Wikipedia page: Tang Dynasty (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Culture and society | Leisure
text: Much more than earlier periods, the Tang era was renowned for the time reserved for leisure activity, especially for those in the upper classes.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Murray was often called "Big Boy" in MLB.
Wikipedia page: Eddie Murray (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Eddie Clarence Murray (born February 24, 1956), nicknamed "Steady Eddie", is a former Major League Baseball (MLB) first baseman and designated hitter.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Fiddler on the Roof is a Broadway musical went 9 for 10 at the Tony's in 1964.
Wikipedia page: Fiddler on the Roof (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Awards
text: Fiddler's original Broadway production in 1964 was nominated for ten Tony Awards, winning nine, including Best Musical, score, and book, and Robbins
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: On the Road was included on the list of the top British books of the century
Wikipedia page: On the Road (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: On the Road is a 1957 novel by American writer Jack Kerouac, based on the travels of Kerouac and his friends across the United States.
section_header: Summary
text: The New York Times hailed the book's appearance as "the most beautifully executed, the clearest and the most important utterance yet made by the generation Kerouac himself named years ago as 'beat,' and whose principal avatar he is." In 1998, the Modern Library ranked On the Road 55th on its list of the 100 best English-language novels of the 20th century.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Leonid Brezhnev was a Soviet politician whose term was the longest in USSR history as secretary.
Wikipedia page: Leonid Brezhnev (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: His 18-year term as general secretary was second only to Joseph Stalin's in duration.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: JFK the film was directed, with Lee Harvey Oswald's legacy in mind, by Spike Jonze.
Wikipedia page: JFK (film) (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: JFK is a 1991 American political thriller film directed by Oliver Stone.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Diary of Anne Frank was found and given to her Mother after the war.
Wikipedia page: The Diary of Anne Frank (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The diary was retrieved by Miep Gies, who gave it to Anne's father, Otto Frank, the family's only known survivor, just after the war was over.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Charlie Gehringer joined the US Army.
Wikipedia page: Charlie Gehringer (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Final years and Hall of Fame
text: Gehringer enlisted in the U.S. Navy after the 1942 season.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: "Bob" Nesta Marley garnered fame as a Jamaican international bob sledder who reversed his name.
Wikipedia page: Bob Marley (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Robert "Bob" Nesta Marley,  (6 February 1945 – 11 May 1981) was a Jamaican singer, songwriter and musician.
section_header: Personal life | Association football
text: Marley surrounded himself with people from the sport, and in the 1970s made the Jamaican international footballer Allan "Skill" Cole his tour manager.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Chief Bender grew up in a tribe.
Wikipedia page: Chief Bender (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: Bender was born in Crow Wing County, Minnesota, as a member of the Ojibwe tribe.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Barbara McClintock had three siblings and earned the most distinguished award in Science with a PhD in botany.
Wikipedia page: Barbara McClintock (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: Barbara McClintock was born Eleanor McClintock on June 16, 1902 in Hartford, Connecticut, the third of four children born to homeopathic physician Thomas Henry McClintock and Sara Handy McClintock.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire in the Greenwich Village was a small factory fire that had no deaths on the 8th, 9th and 10th floors of the Asch Building.
Wikipedia page: Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire in the Greenwich Village neighborhood of Manhattan, New York City, on March 25, 1911, was the deadliest industrial disaster in the history of the city, and one of the deadliest in U.S. history.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Maine is known for being one of the most Vegan States, but it is also known as the smallest religious state in America.
Wikipedia page: Maine (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Demographics | Religion
text: In 2010, a study named Maine as the least religious state in the United States.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Ester comes from sugars.
Wikipedia page: Ester (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Usually, esters are derived from substitution reaction of a carboxylic acid and an alcohol.
section_header: Summary
text: In chemistry, an ester is a chemical compound derived from an acid (organic or inorganic) in which at least one –OH (hydroxyl) group is replaced by an –O–alkyl (alkoxy) group.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna was forcibly removed from his own country twice.
Wikipedia page: Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Career | Redemption, dictatorship, and exile
text: His life was spared, but he was exiled to Cuba, still a Spanish colony.
section_header: Career | President for the last time, 1853–55
text: Following defeat in the Mexican–American War in 1848, Santa Anna went into exile in Kingston, Jamaica.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: A statue of the strongest Roman hero was also commissioned by the commissioner of this statue.
Wikipedia page: David (Michelangelo) (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: History | Commission
text: A figure of Hercules, also in terracotta, was commissioned from the Florentine sculptor Agostino di Duccio in 1463 and was made perhaps under Donatello's direction.
section_header: History | Commission
text: Eager to continue their project, in 1464, the Operai contracted Agostino to create a sculpture of David.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Nikita was a great critic of Stalin.
Wikipedia page: Nikita Khrushchev (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Party official | Involvement in purges
text: Khrushchev greatly admired the dictator and treasured informal meetings with him and invitations to Stalin's dacha, while Stalin felt warm affection for his young subordinate.
section_header: Party official | Involvement in purges
text: In 1936, as the trials proceeded, Khrushchev expressed his vehement support:  Everyone who rejoices in the successes achieved in our country, the victories of our party led by the great Stalin, will find only one word suitable for the mercenary, fascist dogs of the Trotskyite-Zinovievite gang.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Whitey Ford got his Yankees jersey number, sixteen, retired because he played that many seasons with the team.
Wikipedia page: Whitey Ford (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The Yankees retired Ford's uniform number 16 in his honor on Saturday August 3, 1974.
section_header: Biography | Pitching career | Retirement
text: Following his return from the army in 1953, he wore number 16 for the remainder of his career & it would later be retired by the Yankees on Saturday August 3, 1974.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Some people used to believe Haile Selassie was a deity, or Christ.
Wikipedia page: Haile Selassie (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Rastafari messiah | Selassie's position
text: In the interview Bill McNeil says:  "there are millions of Christians throughout the world, your Imperial Majesty, who regard you as the reincarnation of Jesus Christ." Selassie replied in his native language: I have heard of that idea.
section_header: Rastafari messiah
text: Today, Haile Selassie is worshipped as God incarnate among some followers of the Rastafari movement (taken from Haile Selassie's pre-imperial name Ras—
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Epcot is Disney's largest competitor.
Wikipedia page: Epcot (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Epcot (stylized as EPCOT) is a theme park at the Walt Disney World Resort in Bay Lake, Florida.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Deep background zombies get highlights and shadows on the face for their makeup.
Wikipedia page: The Walking Dead (TV series) (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Production | Makeup
text: Deep background zombies often wear masks and are only meant to be used as a backdrop.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: One of William Cullen Bryant's critics accused him of plagiarizing the poem Thanatopsis.
Wikipedia page: Thanatopsis (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Appearances in popular culture
text: Poet and literary critic Thomas Holley Chivers, who often accused other writers of stealing poems, said that the only thing Bryant "ever wrote that may be called Poetry is 'Thanatopsis,' which he stole line for line from the Spanish." In The Silence of the Lambs by Thomas Harris, Clarice Starling reveals to Hannibal Lecter one detail of her father's last days in a hospital: an elderly neighbour reading to him the last lines of "Thanatopsis." In Sinclair Lewis' novel Main Street, the women's study club of Gopher Prairie is the Thanatopsis club.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Selig has been married 3 times and has 3 daughters.
Wikipedia page: Bud Selig (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Personal life
text: Selig has been married twice.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Suleiman the Magnificent commanded his empire in such a way as to control land routes and territory, going so far as to dismantle his own ships to make sailors into soldiers for occupation.
Wikipedia page: Suleiman the Magnificent (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Military campaigns | Campaigns in the Indian Ocean
text: Suleiman led several naval campaigns against the Portuguese in an attempt to remove them and reestablish trade with the Mughal Empire.
section_header: Summary
text: Under his rule, the Ottoman fleet dominated the seas from the Mediterranean to the Red Sea and through the Persian Gulf.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Kenilworth is a market town and civil parish in Warwickshire, England, about 6 miles (10 km) south-west of central Coventry, 5 miles (8 km) north of Warwick and 90 miles (140 km) north-west of London in which a settlement existed at Kenilworth by the time of the 1086 Domesday Book, which records it as Chinewrde, meaning "farm of a man named Cynehild".
Wikipedia page: Kenilworth (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: History
text: A settlement existed at Kenilworth by the time of the 1086 Domesday Book, which records it as Chinewrde, meaning "farm of a woman named Cynehild".
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Sgt. Pepper topped the UK charts for 25 consecutive weeks.
Wikipedia page: The Beatles (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: History | 1966–1970: Studio years | Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band
text: Sgt. Pepper topped the UK charts for 23 consecutive weeks, with a further four weeks at number one in the period through to February 1968.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The First Battle of Bull Run was won by the Union's forces.
Wikipedia page: First Battle of Bull Run (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The First Battle of Bull Run (the name used by Union forces), also known as the First Battle of Manassas (the name used by Confederate forces), was the first major battle of the American Civil War and was a Confederate victory.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Electrons are present in many domains.
Wikipedia page: Electron (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Electrons are involved in many applications such as electronics, welding, cathode ray tubes, electron microscopes, radiation therapy, lasers, gaseous ionization detectors and particle accelerators.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Kaikhosru Shapurji Sorabji has  Parsi roots.
Wikipedia page: Kaikhosru Shapurji Sorabji (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Biography | Early years
text: His father, Shapurji Sorabji, a civil engineer of Parsi origin from Bombay, India, and descendant of a long line of industrialists and businessmen, was born on 18 August 1863.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Homage to Catalonia is a personal account of one man's experiences in a war that was published in United States.
Wikipedia page: Homage to Catalonia (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The war was one of the defining events of his political outlook and a significant part of what led him to write in 1946, "Every line of serious work that I have written since 1936 has been written, directly or indirectly, against totalitarianism and for Democratic Socialism, as I understand it." The first edition was published in the United Kingdom in 1938.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Mystery of Edwin Drood is centered around the life of Edwin.
Wikipedia page: The Mystery of Edwin Drood (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Though the novel is named after the character Edwin Drood, it focuses more on Drood's uncle, John Jasper, a precentor, choirmaster and opium addict, who is in love with his pupil, Rosa Bud.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Lyrical Ballads was a group of poems written authored by Steven Williams and additional editions were printed in the following years.
Wikipedia page: Lyrical Ballads (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: A third edition was published in 1802, with substantial additions made to its "Preface," and a fourth edition was published in 1805.
section_header: Poems in the second edition (1800)
text: Poems marked "(Coleridge)" were written by Coleridge; all the other poems were written by Wordsworth.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The county with most residents in the country is in Los Angeles.
Wikipedia page: Los Angeles (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Geography | Vegetation
text: Native plants include: the California poppy, matilija poppy, toyon, Ceanothus, Chamise, Coast Live Oak, sycamore, willow and Giant Wildrye.
section_header: Summary
text: The city, which covers about 469 square miles (1,210 km2), is the seat of Los Angeles County, the most populous county in the United States.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: In the film The King's Speech, Britain's monarch, George V, impresses upon his son the importance of radio in communicating directly with their subjects.
Wikipedia page: The King's Speech (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Plot
text: After Bertie's father, King George V, broadcasts his 1934 Royal Christmas Message, he explains to Bertie that the wireless will play a significant part in the role of the royal family, allowing them to enter the homes of the people, and that Bertie's brother's neglect of his responsibilities make training in it necessary.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The later section of the play Man and Superman is sometimes staged as a prologue instead of as denouement.
Wikipedia page: Man and Superman (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Interpretation and performances | Don Juan Play
text: The long third act of the play, which shows Don Juan himself having a conversation with several characters in Hell, is often cut.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Reference frames are not significant in the relationship between space and time.
Wikipedia page: Special relativity (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Principle of relativity | Reference frames and relative motion
text: Reference frames play a crucial role in relativity theory.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Fourteen Points was a list of principles for peace stated in a state of the Union address by Wilson.
Wikipedia page: Fourteen Points (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The principles were outlined in a January 8, 1918, speech on war aims and peace terms to the United States Congress by President Woodrow Wilson.
section_header: Text
text: In his speech to Congress, President Wilson declared fourteen points which he regarded as the only possible basis of an enduring peace.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Talmud is religious text with two main components.
Wikipedia page: Talmud (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The Talmud has two components; the Mishnah (Hebrew: משנה‎, c. 200), a written compendium of Rabbinic Judaism's Oral Torah; and the Gemara (Hebrew: גמרא‎, c. 500), an elucidation of the Mishnah and related Tannaitic writings that often ventures onto other subjects and expounds broadly on the Hebrew Bible.
section_header: Summary
text: The Talmud (; Hebrew: תַּלְמוּד‎) is the central text of Rabbinic Judaism and the primary source of Jewish religious law (halakha) and Jewish theology.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Bram Stoker's family famously loved movie adaptations of his work.
Wikipedia page: Dracula (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Adaptations
text: F. W. Murnau's unauthorised film adaptation Nosferatu was released in 1922, and the popularity of the novel increased considerably, owing to an attempt by Stoker's widow to have the film removed from public circulation.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Yankee Doodle Dandy was favored by critics but it didn't win any awards.
Wikipedia page: Yankee Doodle Dandy (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Reception | Critical reception
text: Contemporary reviews were highly positive.
section_header: Summary
text: It was nominated for eight Academy Awards and won three.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Weill went to kindergarten in Iowa.
Wikipedia page: Kurt Weill (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Childhood
text: He grew up in a religious Jewish family in the "Sandvorstadt", the Jewish quarter in Dessau in Saxony, where his father was a cantor.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Sissy Spacek once got a position in a film for destroying property at a restaurant.
Wikipedia page: Sissy Spacek (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Career | 1980s and Oscar win
text: He said that Spacek breaking the glass clinched the deal, and they believed she ultimately would best suit the part.
section_header: Career | 1980s and Oscar win
text: Spacek was so distraught at the news that she shattered a glass of wine in her hand.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Schwarzenegger is a Republican.
Wikipedia page: Arnold Schwarzenegger (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Political career | Early politics
text: Schwarzenegger has been a registered Republican for many years.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Anderson relocated to California when he was 8 years old.
Wikipedia page: Sparky Anderson (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: He moved to Los Angeles, California at the age of eight.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Apple Inc. was started by Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak and Ronald Wayne in 1976.
Wikipedia page: Apple Inc. (Technology)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Apple was founded by Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak, and Ronald Wayne in April 1976 to develop and sell Wozniak's Apple
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Richie Ashburn childhood years were spent in the big city of New York.
Wikipedia page: Richie Ashburn (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Don Richard Ashburn (March 19, 1927 – September 9, 1997), also known by the nicknames, "Putt-Putt", "The Tilden Flash", and "Whitey" (due to his light-blond hair), was an American center fielder in Major League Baseball. (Some sources give his full middle name as "Richie".) He was born in Tilden, Nebraska.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: An electric current conventional symbol for current is I and is the rate of flow of electric charge.
Wikipedia page: Electric current (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: An electric current is the rate of flow of electric charge past a point or region.
section_header: Symbol
text: The conventional symbol for current is I, which originates from the French phrase intensité du courant, (current intensity).
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Kerensky passed away in 1970.
Wikipedia page: Alexander Kerensky (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Alexander Fyodorovich Kerensky ( KERR-ən-skee, kə-REN-skee; Russian: Алекса́ндр Фёдорович Ке́ренский, IPA: [ɐlʲɪkˈsandr ˈkʲerʲɪnskʲɪj]; original spelling: Александръ Ѳедоровичъ Керенскій; 4 May [O.S. 22 April] 1881 – 11 June 1970) was a Russian lawyer and revolutionary who was a key political figure in the Russian Revolution of 1917.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Luigi Cherubini started to learn music at only three years old.
Wikipedia page: Luigi Cherubini (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Early years
text: His instruction in music began at the age of six with his father, Bartolomeo,  maestro al cembalo ("Master of the harpsichord", in other words, ensemble leader from the harpsichord).
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: A Shropshire Lad is a book of short stories that grew popular with Senior citizens.
Wikipedia page: A Shropshire Lad (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: A Shropshire Lad is a collection of sixty-three poems by the English poet Alfred Edward Housman, published in 1896.
section_header: A Shropshire Rhapsody
text: Its popularity increased thereafter, especially during World War I, when the book accompanied many young men into the trenches.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Thicker liquids have a lower level of viscosity than more fluid liquids.
Wikipedia page: Viscosity (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: For liquids, it corresponds to the informal concept of "thickness": for example, syrup has a higher viscosity than water.
section_header: Summary
text: The viscosity of a fluid is a measure of its resistance to deformation at a given rate.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The word Mitochondria was invented in the late 1800s.
Wikipedia page: Mitochondrion (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: History of discovery and research
text: The term "mitochondria" was coined by Carl Benda in 1898.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Hitler claimed to be a devoted Catholic even after he moved away from his parents.
Wikipedia page: Adolf Hitler (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Personal life | Views on religion
text: Hitler was born to a practising Catholic mother and an anticlerical father; after leaving home Hitler never again attended Mass or received the sacraments.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: This book was used by Swedish Nazi sympathizers to attempt to spread their ideology out of its country of origin in the 1934.
Wikipedia page: The Glass Bead Game (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: It was begun in 1931 and published in Switzerland in 1943 after being rejected for publication in Germany due to Hesse's anti-Fascist views.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Michael Caine was Irish and English descant.
Wikipedia page: Michael Caine (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: His father, Maurice Joseph Micklewhite Sr. (20 February 1899, St Olave, Bermondsey, London –1956, Lambeth, London), was a fish market porter of English and Irish heritage, while his English mother, Ellen Frances Marie Burchell (1900, Southwick, London –1989, London), was a cook and charwoman.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Green Bay Packers football team is owned by the Green Bay community.
Wikipedia page: Green Bay Packers (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Community ownership
text: The Packers are the only community-owned franchise in North America's four traditional major leagues.
section_header: Community ownership
text: It is this broad-based community support and non-profit structure which has kept the team in Green Bay for nearly a century in spite of being the smallest market in all of North American professional sports.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: When Trevor Hoffman was a child, he had renal surgery.
Wikipedia page: Trevor Hoffman (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: When he was six weeks old, Hoffman had to have a damaged kidney removed because an arterial blockage had formed there.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Stephen Hawking died in 2018 after a long career writing.
Wikipedia page: Stephen Hawking (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: He died on 14 March 2018 at the age of 76, after living with motor neurone disease for more than 50 years.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Los Angeles International Airport is the closet airport to the South Bay but there is many other airports in the Los Angeles area.
Wikipedia page: Los Angeles International Airport (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: While LAX is the busiest airport in the Greater Los Angeles Area, several other airports, including Hollywood Burbank Airport, John Wayne Airport, Long Beach Airport, as well as Ontario International Airport, also serve the area.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Avengers: Endgame stems from a DC Comics super hero group.
Wikipedia page: Avengers: Endgame (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Avengers: Endgame is a 2019 American superhero film based on the Marvel Comics superhero team the Avengers, produced by Marvel Studios and distributed by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Manchester City football club is in the top 10 of valuable football clubs on Earth.
Wikipedia page: Manchester City F.C. (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: In 2019, Forbes estimated the club was the fifth most valuable in the world at $2.69 billion, The club is owned by the City Football Group, a British-based holding company valued at £3.73 (US$4.8) billion in November 2019 following a 10% stake sale to Silver Lake.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Milk's pH is very different from each kind of animal.
Wikipedia page: Milk (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Physical and chemical properties | pH
text: Milk from other bovines and non-bovine mammals varies in composition, but has a similar pH.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: RMS Titanic was a passenger ship that sank in the Atlantic Ocean after it left from its home port of Liverpool.
Wikipedia page: RMS Titanic (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: RMS Titanic was a British passenger liner operated by the White Star Line that sank in the North Atlantic Ocean in the early morning hours of 15 April 1912, after striking an iceberg during her maiden voyage from Southampton to New York City.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Kanya West considers himself to be a Christian that falls short all the time.
Wikipedia page: Kanye West (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Personal life | Religious beliefs
text: , West was asked by Kimmel if he would consider himself to be a Christian music artist now that he had committed himself fully to Christianity, and he replied, "I'm just a Christian everything".
section_header: Personal life | Religious beliefs
text: And I will say that I fall short every day.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Ted Williams died of cardiac arrest at the age of 85.
Wikipedia page: Ted Williams (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Death
text: After suffering a series of strokes and congestive heart failure, he died of cardiac arrest at the age of 83 on July 5, 2002, at Citrus Memorial Hospital, Inverness, Florida, near his home in Citrus Hills, Florida.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Close Encounters of the Third Kind is a movie  by Richard Linklater.
Wikipedia page: Close Encounters of the Third Kind (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Close Encounters of the Third Kind is a 1977 American science fiction film written and directed by Steven Spielberg, and starring Richard Dreyfuss, Melinda Dillon, Teri Garr, Bob Balaban, Cary Guffey, and François Truffaut.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The 1908 novel Anne of Green Gables by Lucy Maud Montgomery was done as an anime once.
Wikipedia page: Anne of Green Gables (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Adaptations | Television films and episodic series (animated)
text: Akage no An (1979; Red-Haired Anne), an animated television series, part of Nippon Animation's World Masterpiece Theater, produced in Japan and directed by Isao Takahata. Anne of Green Gables: The Animated Series (2001),
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Van Halen began in New York in 1981.
Wikipedia page: Van Halen (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Van Halen ( van HAY-len) is an American rock band formed in Pasadena, California in 1972.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: There is approximately 85,000 species of molluscs.
Wikipedia page: Mollusca (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Around 85,000 extant species of molluscs are recognized.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Thalberg was known for being a virtuoso pianist.
Wikipedia page: Sigismond Thalberg (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Sigismond Thalberg (8 January 1812 – 27 April 1871) was a composer and one of the most distinguished virtuoso pianists of the 19th century.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Despite it's low population density, it economy comes in at number 9 after Brazil.
Wikipedia page: Canada (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Economy
text: Canada is the world's tenth-largest economy as of 2018, with a nominal GDP of approximately US$1.73 trillion.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Clara Schumann is a Slovakian musician.
Wikipedia page: Clara Schumann (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Clara Josephine Schumann ([ˈklaːʀa ˈʃuːman]; née Wieck; 13 September 1819 – 20 May 1896) was a German pianist, composer and piano teacher.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: San Francisco is basically a 7mi x 7mi area of land.
Wikipedia page: San Francisco (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Geography
text: The mainland within the city limits roughly forms a "seven-by-seven-mile square", a common local colloquialism referring to the city's shape, though its total area, including water, is nearly 232 square miles (600 km2).
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: At one point, a full 33% of Italy was slaves, six-thousand of whom were put up on crosses to line the sides of this road.
Wikipedia page: Appian Way (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Notable historical events along the road | The crucifixion of Spartacus' army
text: Slavery accounted for roughly every third person in Italy.
section_header: Notable historical events along the road | The crucifixion of Spartacus' army
text: In 71 BC, 6,000 slaves were crucified along the 200-kilometer (120 mi) Via Appia from Rome to Capua.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: In the film Bugsy, Bugsy Siegel leaves his wife.
Wikipedia page: Bugsy (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Plot
text: He buys a house in Beverly Hills, planning to stay there while his wife and two daughters remain in Scarsdale, New York.
section_header: Plot
text: Gangster Bugsy Siegel, who works for Meyer Lansky and Charlie Luciano, goes to Los Angeles and instantly falls in love with Virginia Hill, a tough-talking Hollywood starlet.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Ottoman Empire was created by a Turkoman tribe lead.
Wikipedia page: Ottoman Empire (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: It was founded at the end of the 13th century in northwestern Anatolia in the town of Söğüt (modern-day Bilecik Province) by the Turkoman tribal leader Osman I.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Guinness was a director from England.
Wikipedia page: Alec Guinness (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Sir Alec Guinness,  (born Alec Guinness de Cuffe; 2 April 1914 – 5 August 2000) was an English actor.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The writer falsely claims that How Green How Green Was My Valley is based on his own life experiences living in the mining community.
Wikipedia page: How Green Was My Valley (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The author had claimed that he based the book on his own personal experiences
section_header: Summary
text: but this was found to be untrue after his death; Llewellyn was English-born and spent little time in Wales, though he was of Welsh descent.
Verdict: SUPPORTS