tasksource/fool-me-twice huggingface dataset:
Claim: The Taming of the Shrew has had no controversial topics in it in it's 400 year lifespan.
Wikipedia page: The Taming of the Shrew (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Analysis and criticism | Critical history | Sexism controversy
text: The Taming of the Shrew has been the subject of critical controversy.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Police began in Scotland in 1977.
Wikipedia page: The Police (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The Police were an English rock band formed in London in 1977.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: It was the second transportation system between the East coast of the United States and the western interior that did not require portage.
Wikipedia page: Erie Canal (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: It was the first transportation system between the East Coast of the United States and the western interior that did not require portage.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Maria Skłodowska-Curie was dispatched and entombed in 1995.
Wikipedia page: Maria Skłodowska-Curie (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Marie Skłodowska Curie ( KEWR-ee, French: [kyʁi], Polish: [kʲiˈri]),
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Steven Hawkings won many awards and prizes for his physics prowess, including one granted by Vladimir Putin's country.
Wikipedia page: Stephen Hawking (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Career | 2000–2018
text: He was awarded the Copley Medal from the Royal Society (2006), the Presidential Medal of Freedom, which is America's highest civilian honour (2009), and the Russian Special Fundamental Physics Prize (2013).Several buildings have been named after him, including the Stephen W. Hawking Science Museum in San Salvador, El Salvador, the Stephen Hawking Building in Cambridge, and the Stephen Hawking Centre at the Perimeter Institute in Canada.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Judy Johnson played baseball for seventeen seasons.
Wikipedia page: Judy Johnson (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: William Julius "Judy" Johnson (October 26, 1899 – June 15, 1989) was an American professional third baseman and manager whose career in Negro league baseball spanned 17 seasons, from 1921 to 1937.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Cristobal Torriente was from Puerto Rico.
Wikipedia page: Cristóbal Torriente (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Cristóbal Torriente (November 16, 1893 – April 11, 1938) was a Cuban outfielder in Negro league baseball with the Cuban Stars, All Nations, Chicago American Giants, Kansas City Monarchs and Detroit Stars.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Tickets must be purchased to visit the towers.
Wikipedia page: Petronas Towers (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Features | Ticketing system
text: In order to visit Petronas towers, visitors must first purchase tickets.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: In the play Waiting for Godot, Godot arrives at the end of the second act.
Wikipedia page: Waiting for Godot (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Waiting for Godot ( GOD-oh) is a play by Samuel Beckett in which two characters, Vladimir (Didi) and Estragon (Gogo), engage in a variety of discussions and encounters while awaiting Godot, who never arrives.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Sergey Rachmaninoff's life started in Imperial Russia and he was eventually buried in Moscow.
Wikipedia page: Sergey Rachmaninoff (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Biography | Ancestry and early years, 1873–1885
text: Rachmaninoff was born into a family of the Russian aristocracy in the Russian Empire.
section_header: Biography | Illness, move to California, and death, 1942–43
text: Instead, he was interred at Kensico Cemetery in Valhalla, New York on 1 June.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Stevie Wonder, an American singer, songwriter, musician and record producer, has stayed out of politics.
Wikipedia page: Stevie Wonder (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: He is also noted for his work as an activist for political causes, including his 1980 campaign to make
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Mila Kunis was learning to be a thespian since before she was ten.
Wikipedia page: Mila Kunis (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Career | 1994–2000: Career beginnings and television work
text: At age nine, Kunis was enrolled by her father in acting classes after school at the Beverly Hills Studios, where she met Susan Curtis, who would become her manager.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: In 1928, Manush was voted League MVP.
Wikipedia page: Heinie Manush (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: In 1928, he finished second in the voting for the American League Most Valuable Player (MVP) award after leading the American League with 241 hits and 47 doubles, while also hitting 20 triples and compiling 367 total bases.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Thirteen people, soldiers and civilians, were arrested after five people died in the Boston Massacre.
Wikipedia page: Boston Massacre (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Eight soldiers, one officer, and four civilians were arrested and charged with murder, and they were defended by future U.S. President John Adams.
section_header: Summary
text: The gunfire instantly killed three people and wounded eight others, two of whom later died of their wounds.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Charlie Chaplin had a half brother that died in infancy.
Wikipedia page: Charlie Chaplin (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Biography | 1889–1913: Early years | Background and childhood hardship
text: The following year, Hannah gave birth to a third son – George Wheeler Dryden – fathered by the music hall entertainer Leo Dryden.
section_header: Biography | 1889–1913: Early years | Background and childhood hardship
text: The child was taken by Dryden at six months old, and did not re-enter Chaplin's life for 30 years.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Howard Bruce Sutter's son does not play professional baseball.
Wikipedia page: Bruce Sutter (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Personal life
text: Chad played one season in the minor leagues and later joined the coaching staff of the Tulane baseball team.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Strauss was well known for his dance music and operettas.
Wikipedia page: Johann Strauss, the Younger (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Johann Strauss II (born Johann Baptist Strauss; 25 October 1825 – 3 June 1899), also known as Johann Strauss Jr., the Younger, the Son (German: Sohn), son of Johann Strauss I, was an Austrian composer of light music, particularly dance music and operettas.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Paris only has 1 international airport.
Wikipedia page: Paris (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Another source ranked Paris as most expensive, on a par with Singapore and Hong Kong, in 2018.The city is a major railway, highway and air-transport hub served by two international airports: Paris–Charles de Gaulle (the second busiest airport in Europe) and Paris–Orly.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Oxygen is one of the least abundant  component on earth by size.
Wikipedia page: Oxygen (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: After hydrogen and helium, oxygen is the third-most abundant element in the universe by mass.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Kiki Cuyler played on 5 separate MLB teams in his career.
Wikipedia page: Kiki Cuyler (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: He played in Major League Baseball for the Pittsburgh Pirates, Chicago Cubs, Cincinnati Reds, and Brooklyn Dodgers from 1921 until 1938.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: A print version of Star Wars was released before the film.
Wikipedia page: Star Wars (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: In other media | Print media
text: Star Wars in print predates the release of the first film, with the December 1976 novelization of Star Wars, initially subtitled "From the Adventures of Luke Skywalker".
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The airport is in India.
Wikipedia page: Indira Gandhi International Airport (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Indira Gandhi International Airport (IATA: DEL, ICAO: VIDP) serves as the major international aviation hub of the Indian capital city of New Delhi as well as India.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The service offers many coupons per day but once it was introduced to the public under it's current name it only sold a single kind.
Wikipedia page: Groupon (Technology)
Evidence:
section_header: Business | Business model
text: When it first launched, the company offered one "Groupon" per day in each of the markets it served.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: There are original writings of Pope Leo I still intact today.
Wikipedia page: Pope Leo I (NOCAT)
Evidence:
section_header: Writings
text: Almost 100 sermons and 150 letters of Leo I have been preserved.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: O'Malley was the proprietary of the Yankees in the MLB.
Wikipedia page: Walter O'Malley (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Walter Francis O'Malley (October 9, 1903 – August 9, 1979) was an American sports executive who owned the Brooklyn/Los Angeles Dodgers team in Major League Baseball from 1950 to 1979.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Vedas are a large body of religious texts originating in ancient India and constitutes the oldest layer of Sanskrit literature and the oldest scriptures of Hinduism.
Wikipedia page: Vedas (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The Vedas (; Sanskrit: वेदः vedaḥ, "knowledge") are a large body of religious texts originating in ancient India.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Polymers are made up of small molecules that allow them to be highly elastic.
Wikipedia page: Polymer (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Properties | Phase behavior | Mixing behavior
text: Since polymeric molecules are much larger and hence generally have much higher specific volumes than small molecules, the number of molecules involved in a polymeric mixture is far smaller than the number in a small molecule mixture of equal volume.
section_header: Summary
text: Their consequently large molecular mass, relative to small molecule compounds, produces unique physical properties including toughness, high elasticity, viscoelasticity, and a tendency to form amorphous and semicrystalline structures rather than crystals.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The names of the people who lost their lives in a battlefield are marked with a line under their name
Wikipedia page: Arc de Triomphe (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Details
text: The names of those who died on the battlefield are underlined.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Amy Adams is a Canadian actress that started as a dancer in a dinner theater.
Wikipedia page: Amy Adams (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Amy Lou Adams (born August 20, 1974) is an American actress.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Ingrid Daubechies is a scientist that has won many awards.
Wikipedia page: Ingrid Daubechies (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Awards and honors
text: In 1998, she was elected to the United States National Academy of Sciences and won the Golden Jubilee Award for Technological Innovation from the IEEE Information Theory Society
section_header: Awards and honors
text: She became a foreign member of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1999.In 2000, Daubechies became the first woman to receive the National Academy of Sciences Award in Mathematics, presented every 4 years for excellence in published mathematical research.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Great Gatsby is a 1925 novel that later became a movie once.
Wikipedia page: The Great Gatsby (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Adaptations | Film
text: The Great Gatsby has been adapted to film a number of times: The Great Gatsby (1926), directed by Herbert Brenon—starring Warner Baxter, Lois Wilson, and William Powell, a lost film.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Freeman has never been married.
Wikipedia page: Morgan Freeman (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Personal life
text: Freeman was married to Jeanette Adair Bradshaw from October 22, 1967 until November 18, 1979.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Philip played one instrument and composed music.
Wikipedia page: Philip Glass (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Philip Glass (born January 31, 1937) is an American composer and pianist.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Gibson was referred to as "Sonny" and "GoGo".
Wikipedia page: Bob Gibson (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Nicknamed "Gibby" and "Hoot" (after actor Hoot Gibson), Gibson tallied 251 wins, 3,117 strikeouts, and a 2.91 earned run average (ERA) during his career.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Addie Joss went to a health spa to dry out from booze because of the errors he made while playing for Cleveland.
Wikipedia page: Addie Joss (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: A heavy drinker of alcohol, he died from liver complications in 1890, when Joss was 10 years old; Joss remained sober throughout his life as a result of his father's death.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Hunger Games trilogy takes place in Panem, located in North America.
Wikipedia page: The Hunger Games (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Setting
text: The Hunger Games trilogy takes place in an unspecified future time, in the dystopian, post-apocalyptic nation of Panem, located in North America.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Pee Wee Reese played in Major League Baseball as a shortstop for the Brooklyn and Los Angeles Dodgers from 1940 to 1958 and contributed to seven National League championships.
Wikipedia page: Pee Wee Reese (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: A ten-time All Star, Reese contributed to seven National League championships for the Dodgers and was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1984.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The company had 200 millions paid subscriptions worldwide in April 2020.
Wikipedia page: Netflix (Technology)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: As of April 2020, Netflix had over 182 million paid subscriptions worldwide, including 69 million in the United States.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Tracy had two children, a boy and a girl.
Wikipedia page: Spencer Tracy (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Personal life | Marriage and family
text: Their son, John Ten Broeck Tracy, was born in June 1924.
section_header: Personal life | Marriage and family
text: He left the scene of his guilt." A second child, Louise "Susie" Treadwell Tracy, was born in July 1932.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: St. Peter's church is thought to be built on top of the location that St. Peter was buried and many burials have occured around this location.
Wikipedia page: St. Peter's Basilica (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: History | Old St. Peter's Basilica
text: This church had been built over the small shrine believed to mark the burial place of St. Peter, though the tomb was "smashed" in 846 AD.
section_header: History | Saint Peter's burial site
text: It was a burial ground for the numerous executions in the Circus and contained many Christian burials, because for many years after the burial of Saint Peter many Christians chose to be buried near Peter.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Bench has been called the best catcher.
Wikipedia page: Johnny Bench (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: ESPN has called him the greatest catcher in baseball history.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Clarence Darrow is from a midwest city in the United States.
Wikipedia page: Clarence Darrow (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: Clarence Darrow was born in the small town of Farmdale, Ohio, on April 18, 1857, the fifth son of Amirus and Emily Darrow (née Eddy).
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Doors were a rock band and had three members at one time.
Wikipedia page: The Doors (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The band continued as a trio until disbanding in 1973.
section_header: Summary
text: The Doors were an American rock band formed in Los Angeles in 1965, with vocalist Jim Morrison, keyboardist Ray Manzarek, guitarist Robby Krieger, and drummer John Densmore.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The dog actor in a television advertisement for GoDaddy was given a title with the company.
Wikipedia page: GoDaddy (Technology)
Evidence:
section_header: Controversies | Animal rights | Super Bowl XLIX Puppy Ad
text: And we heard that loud and clear." He goes on to say that Buddy was purchased by a reputable breeder and is part of the GoDaddy family as Chief Companion Officer.
section_header: Controversies | Animal rights | Super Bowl XLIX Puppy Ad
text: Called "Journey Home", the commercial featured a Retriever puppy named Buddy who was bounced out of the back of a truck.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Peter the Great was educated by different teachers.
Wikipedia page: Peter the Great (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: Named after the apostle, and described as a newborn as "with good health, his mother's black, vaguely Tatar eyes, and a tuft of auburn hair", from an early age Peter's education (commissioned by his father, Tsar Alexis of Russia) was put in the hands of several tutors, most notably Nikita Zotov, Patrick Gordon, and Paul Menesius.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: United States President Jimmy Carter ran as a political insider.
Wikipedia page: Jimmy Carter (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: In the general election, Carter ran as an outsider and narrowly defeated incumbent Republican President Gerald Ford.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: David Livingstone was an English scientist and an abolitionist.
Wikipedia page: David Livingstone (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: David Livingstone (; 19 March 1813 – 1 May 1873) was a Scottish physician, Congregationalist, and pioneer Christian  missionary with the London Missionary Society, an explorer in Africa, and one of the most popular British heroes of the late 19th-century Victorian era.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Molière wrote Tartuffe at the king's behest.
Wikipedia page: Tartuffe (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: History
text: Almost immediately following its first performance that same year at the Versailles fêtes, it was suppressed by King Louis XIV, probably due to the influence of the archbishop of Paris, Paul Philippe Hardouin de Beaumont de Péréfixe, who was the King's confessor and had been his tutor.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Taming of the Shrew has a main theme regarding racism.
Wikipedia page: The Taming of the Shrew (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Analysis and criticism | Themes | Gender politics
text: The issue of gender politics is an important theme in The Taming of the Shrew.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Hoyt Wilhelm pioneered being a relief closer.
Wikipedia page: Hoyt Wilhelm (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Legacy
text: Wilhelm was known as a "relief ace", and his teams used him in a new way that became a trend.
section_header: Legacy
text: Rather than bringing in a relief pitcher only when the starting pitcher had begun to struggle, teams increasingly called upon their relief pitchers toward the end of any close game.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The total area of the structure is about 40 acres.
Wikipedia page: Taj Mahal (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The tomb is the centrepiece of a 17-hectare (42-acre) complex, which includes a mosque and a guest house, and is set in formal gardens bounded on three sides by a crenellated wall.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Great Wall of China can be seen from space.
Wikipedia page: Great Wall of China (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Visibility from space | From the Moon
text: One of the earliest known references to the myth that the Great Wall can be seen from the moon appears in a letter written in 1754 by the English antiquary William Stukeley.
section_header: Visibility from space | From the Moon
text: The notion that the Wall can be seen from the moon, (385,000 km, 239,000 miles) is a well-known but implausible myth.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The novel is about an Italian soldier being treated in an English hospital after being recovered from a battlefield during WWII.
Wikipedia page: The English Patient (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The book follows four dissimilar people brought together at an Italian villa during the Italian Campaign of World War II.
section_header: Plot synopsis
text: The story is told out of sequence, moving back and forth between the severely burned "English" patient's memories from before his accident and current events at the bomb-damaged Villa San Girolamo (in Fiesole), an Italian monastery, where he is being cared for by  Hana, a troubled young Canadian Army nurse.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Albert George was the King of Spain in 1935 to 1954.
Wikipedia page: George VI (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: George VI (Albert Frederick Arthur George; 14 December 1895 – 6 February 1952) was King of the United Kingdom and the Dominions of the British Commonwealth from 11 December 1936 until his death in 1952.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Tojo was a Lieutenant in the Chinese Army.
Wikipedia page: Hideki Tojo (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Hideki Tojo (December 30, 1884 – December 23, 1948) was a Japanese politician and general of the Imperial Japanese Army (IJA) who served as Prime Minister of Japan and President of the Imperial Rule Assistance Association for most of World War II.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Rome is the most populated region in Italy.
Wikipedia page: Rome (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: With 2,860,009 residents in 1,285 km2 (496.1 sq mi), it is also the country's most populated comune.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Bob Dylan has been awarded many awards including a Nobel Prize in a field where no other musician has won.
Wikipedia page: Bob Dylan (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Accolades | Nobel Prize in Literature
text: The Nobel Prize committee announced on October 13, 2016, that it would be awarding Dylan the Nobel Prize in Literature "for having created new poetic expressions within the great American song tradition." The New York Times reported: "Mr. Dylan, 75, is the first musician to win the award, and his selection on Thursday is perhaps the most radical choice in a history stretching back to 1901." Dylan remained silent for two weeks after receiving the award, and then told journalist Edna Gundersen that getting the award was "amazing, incredible.
section_header: Legacy
text: He received the award in 2016, making Dylan the first musician to be awarded the Literature Prize.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Jupiter is mainly made of hydrogen.
Wikipedia page: Jupiter (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Jupiter is primarily composed of hydrogen with a quarter of its mass being helium, though helium comprises only about a tenth of the number of molecules.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Alfonso López grew up in the south after being born in Europe in the 1900s.
Wikipedia page: Al López (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Al López's parents immigrated to the United States from Spain shortly before his birth, and he grew up in the immigrant community of Ybor City in Tampa, Florida.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Aram Khachaturian had Russian roots.
Wikipedia page: Aram Khachaturian (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Biography | Background and early life (1903–21)
text: Aram Khachaturian was born on 6 June (24 May in Old Style) 1903 in the city of Tiflis (present-day Tbilisi, Georgia) into an Armenian family.
section_header: Music | Influences | Armenian folk music
text: Despite not having been born in Armenia, Khachaturian was "essentially an Armenian composer whose music exhibits his Armenian roots". " [M]any of his compositions evoke an Armenian melodic line.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Boxer Rebellion gave rise, among the Western countries effected, to the idea that dealing with China is comparable to "rock, paper, scissors".
Wikipedia page: Boxer Rebellion (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Long-term consequences
text: The European great powers finally ceased their ambitions of colonizing China having learned from the Boxer rebellions that the best way to deal with China was through the ruling dynasty, rather than directly with the Chinese people (a sentiment embodied in the adage: "The people are afraid of officials, the officials are afraid of foreigners, and the foreigners are afraid of the people") (老百姓怕官，官怕洋鬼子，洋鬼子怕老百姓), and even briefly assisted the Qing in their war against the Japanese to prevent a Japanese domination in the region.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Dunciad is about a female incarnation of rot and idiocy.
Wikipedia page: The Dunciad (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The poem celebrates a goddess Dulness and the progress of her chosen agents as they bring decay, imbecility, and tastelessness to the Kingdom of Great Britain.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The film Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 1 is the last film in the series.
Wikipedia page: Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 1 (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 1 is a 2010 fantasy film directed by David Yates and distributed by Warner Bros. Pictures.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Weak Interaction  has 2 genres.
Wikipedia page: Weak interaction (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Interaction types
text: There are two types of weak interaction (called vertices).
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Rutherford's finding about Neutrons made him the winner of an award in Physics.
Wikipedia page: Neutron (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Discovery
text: Chadwick won the 1935 Nobel Prize in Physics for this discovery.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Vancouver has over 54 percent of its population speak English.
Wikipedia page: Vancouver (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Demographics
text: Since the 1980s, immigration increased substantially, making the city more ethnically and linguistically diverse; 53% of Vancouver's residents do not speak English as their first language.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Hoffman's family name was altered after they emigrated to the United States.
Wikipedia page: Dustin Hoffman (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: Hoffman is Jewish, from an Ashkenazi Jewish family of immigrants from Kiev, Russian Empire, and Iași, Romania (the family's surname was spelled "Goikhman" in the Russian Empire).His upbringing
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Lou Gehrig's weight was 1.5 kilograms when he was born.
Wikipedia page: Lou Gehrig (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: Gehrig was born in 1903 at 309 East 94th Street in the Yorkville neighborhood of Manhattan; he weighed almost 14 pounds (6.4 kg) at birth.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: After being misled by a distributor, Newegg delivered hundreds of knock-off computer chips to customers.
Wikipedia page: Newegg (Technology)
Evidence:
section_header: History | Counterfeit Intel processors
text: In March 2010, Newegg sold 300 counterfeit Intel Core i7-920 CPUs.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Homestead strike happened in Pennsylvania.
Wikipedia page: Homestead Strike (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The Homestead strike, also known as the Homestead steel strike or Homestead massacre, was an industrial lockout and strike which began on July 1, 1892, culminating in a battle between strikers and private security agents on July 6, 1892.
section_header: Bibliography
text: Marcus, Irwin. Jeanne Bullard, and Rob Moore, "Change and Continuity: Steel Workers in Homestead, Pennsylvania, 1880–1895," Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography, 111 (January 1987) , 62–75 Miner, Curtis.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Godfather has been crowned as the greatest American movie.
Wikipedia page: The Godfather (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: It was selected for preservation in the U.S. National Film Registry of the Library of Congress in 1990, being deemed "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant" and is ranked the second-greatest film in American cinema (behind Citizen Kane) by the American Film Institute.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The final book of Cather's "prairie trilogy" My Ántonia was published in 1918 by American writer Willa Cather  and is about an orphan and a Bohemian who are pioneers in Nebraska.
Wikipedia page: My Antonia (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: and The Song of the Lark. The novel tells the stories of an orphaned boy from Virginia, Jim Burden, and the elder daughter in a family of Bohemian immigrants, Ántonia Shimerda, who are each brought as children to be pioneers in Nebraska towards the end of the 19th century.
section_header: Summary
text: It is the final book of her "prairie trilogy" of novels, preceded by O Pioneers!
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Marlon Brando is known for his roles in The Godfather and A Streetcar Named Desire that won three Oscars.
Wikipedia page: Marlon Brando (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Marlon Brando Jr. (April 3, 1924 – July 1, 2004) was an American actor and film director with a career spanning 60 years, during which he won the Oscar for Best Actor twice.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Alfred the Great was the oldest son of the king Æthelwulf of Wessex.
Wikipedia page: Alfred the Great (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: He was the youngest son of King Æthelwulf of Wessex.
section_header: Family
text: Alfred was a son of Æthelwulf King of Wessex and his wife, Osburh.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Road Not Taken was written as an elegy for Robert Frosts's friend, Edward Thomas.
Wikipedia page: The Road Not Taken (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Its central theme is the divergence of paths, both literally and figuratively, although its interpretation is noted for being complex and potentially divergent.
section_header: History
text: Thomas took the poem seriously and personally, and it may have been significant in Thomas' decision to enlist in World War I. Thomas was killed two years later in the Battle of Arras.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Lou started his career with the Cubs.
Wikipedia page: Lou Brock (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Baseball career | Chicago Cubs
text: Brock made his major league debut with the Cubs on September 10, 1961, at the age of 22.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Muni's birth name was Paul Michael Moony.
Wikipedia page: Paul Muni (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life and career
text: His Hebrew name was Meshilem; he was also called Frederich Meier Weisenfreund, born to a Jewish family in Lemberg, Galicia, which was in the Austro-Hungarian Empire at the time of his birth.
section_header: Summary
text: Paul Muni (born Frederich Meshilem Meier Weisenfreund; September 22, 1895– August 25, 1967) was an Austro-Hungarian-born American stage and film actor who grew up in Chicago.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: A major theme of Nineteen Eighty-Four is censorhsip, especially in the Ministry of Truth.
Wikipedia page: Nineteen Eighty-Four (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Themes | Censorship
text: A major theme of Nineteen Eighty-Four is censorship, especially in the Ministry of Truth, where photographs are modified and public archives rewritten to rid them of "unpersons" (persons who are erased from history by the Party).
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Goodfellas, the movie, was set to be called Wise Guy in the beginning but then it was re-titled after the delay.
Wikipedia page: Goodfellas (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Production | Screenplay
text: Scorsese initially titled the film Wise Guy, but later, he and Pileggi decided to change the title of their film to Goodfellas because two contemporary projects, the 1986 Brian De Palma film Wise Guys and the 1987–1990 TV series Wiseguy had used similar titles.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Bon Jovi is a rock band that started in 1976.
Wikipedia page: Bon Jovi (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Bon Jovi is an American rock band formed in 1983 in Sayreville, New Jersey.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: At the beginning of the nineteenth century, many propositions about Utopia came to light.
Wikipedia page: Utopia (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Varieties | Economics
text: Particularly in the early 19th century, several utopian ideas arose, often in response to the belief that social disruption was created and caused by the development of commercialism and capitalism.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: How I Met Your Mother filmed for ten seasons.
Wikipedia page: How I Met Your Mother (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Production
text: In January 2013, How I Met Your Mother was renewed for a ninth and final season.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Fate of the Furious is the prequel to the 7th installment of the franchise.
Wikipedia page: The Fate of the Furious (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: A sequel to 2015's Furious 7, it is the eighth installment in the Fast & Furious franchise and stars Vin Diesel, Dwayne Johnson, Jason Statham, Michelle Rodriguez, Tyrese Gibson, Chris "Ludacris" Bridges, Scott Eastwood, Nathalie Emmanuel, Elsa Pataky, Kurt Russell, and Charlize Theron.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Cider House Rules is a book that was written about the before and after of WWII and was released just a few years after the Second World War.
Wikipedia page: The Cider House Rules (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The Cider House Rules (1985) is a novel by American writer John Irving, a Bildungsroman, which was later adapted into a film (1999) and a stage play by Peter Parnell.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Bill McKechnie was an infielder.
Wikipedia page: Bill McKechnie (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Managing career | Post–playing career
text: His teams won four National League pennants (1925, 1928, 1939 and 1940) and two World Series championships (1925 and 1940), and he remains the only manager to win National League pennants with three teams (Pittsburgh, St. Louis and Cincinnati).
section_header: Summary
text: He played in Major League Baseball as a third baseman during the dead-ball era.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Jean Sibelius changed his name from Johan.
Wikipedia page: Jean Sibelius (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Life | Early years
text: However, during his student years, he adopted the French form Jean, inspired by the business card of his deceased seafaring uncle.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Hannibal was a general who commanded Carthage.
Wikipedia page: Hannibal (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: between 183 and 181 BC) was a Carthaginian general and statesman who commanded Carthage's main forces against the Roman Republic during the Second Punic War.
section_header: Summary
text: Hannibal (; Punic: 𐤇𐤍𐤁𐤏𐤋𐤟𐤁𐤓𐤒, BRQ ḤNBʿL; 247 –
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The British Empire expanded under her rule.
Wikipedia page: Queen Victoria (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: It was a period of industrial, cultural, political, scientific, and military change within the United Kingdom, and was marked by a great expansion of the British Empire.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: GoDaddy, founded in 1997, has its headquarters in Red Oak, California.
Wikipedia page: GoDaddy (Technology)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: GoDaddy Inc. is an American publicly traded Internet domain registrar and web hosting company headquartered in Scottsdale, Arizona and incorporated in Delaware.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Ali was a devout follower of Islam.
Wikipedia page: Muhammad Ali (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Personal life | Religion and beliefs | Conversion to Sunni/Sufi Islam
text: Around 2005, Ali converted to Sufi Islam.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Aston Villa F.C. is from in the city of Manchester.
Wikipedia page: Aston Villa F.C. (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Aston Villa Football Club is an English professional football club based in Aston, Birmingham.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Pete Hill's birth place is New York.
Wikipedia page: Pete Hill (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: Though he was thought to have been born Joseph Preston Hill in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania on October 12, 1880, recent research has shown that Hill's first name was John and that he was probably born on October 12, 1882 in Culpeper County, Virginia; some sources indicate a birth year of 1883 or 1884.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Gary Carter was a Major League Baseball player for the Houston Astros.
Wikipedia page: Gary Carter (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Gary Edmund Carter (April 8, 1954 – February 16, 2012) was an American professional baseball catcher whose 19-year Major League Baseball (MLB) career was spent primarily with the Montreal Expos and New York Mets.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Rick Ferrell played for over 20 seasons in the major leagues.
Wikipedia page: Rick Ferrell (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: He played for 18 seasons in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a catcher for the St. Louis Browns, Boston Red Sox, and Washington Senators, from 1929 through 1947.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Rio de Janeiro is the largest city in Brazil.
Wikipedia page: Rio de Janeiro (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Demographics | Population growth
text: Rio de Janeiro is the second largest city in Brazil (after São Paulo) and has a rapidly expanding population and rapidly growing area due to rapid urbanization.
section_header: Demographics
text: In 2010, the city of Rio de Janeiro was the 2nd most populous city in Brazil, after São Paulo.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The King Philip's War included a fight where people from Tennessee set Native American villages on fire.
Wikipedia page: King Philip's War (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: They attacked and burned Indian villages throughout Rhode Island territory, culminating with the attack on the Narragansetts' main fort in the Great Swamp Fight.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Professional baseball player James Collins was a Bostonian.
Wikipedia page: Jimmy Collins (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: Jimmy Collins was born in Niagara Falls, New York.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Henry Hudson disappeared with his boy.
Wikipedia page: Henry Hudson (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The mutineers cast Hudson, his son, and seven others adrift; the Hudsons and their companions were never seen again.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Leon Day was inducted into the HoF less than a week before his death.
Wikipedia page: Leon Day (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: In 1995, Day was elected into the Baseball Hall of Fame, just six days before his death at 78 years old.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Dizzy birthplace is Bowling Green, Kentucky.
Wikipedia page: Dizzy Dean (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: Born on January 16, 1910, in Lucas, Arkansas, Dean attended public school only through second grade.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Brave New World was written by an American and the book has been a cause of controversy around the world.
Wikipedia page: Brave New World (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Brave New World is a dystopian novel by English author Aldous Huxley, written in 1931 and published in 1932.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Alexander the Great had a long mane of deep chestnut, which led to many comparisons to a lion.
Wikipedia page: Alexander the Great (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Character | Physical appearance
text: Historian and Egyptologist Joann Fletcher has said that the Macedonian ruler Alexander the Great had blond hair.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Nestor Chylak's cause of death was a car accident on February 17, 1982.
Wikipedia page: Nestor Chylak (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Retirement
text: Chylak died of a heart attack at age 59 in Dunmore, Pennsylvania, and was survived by his wife Sue, his sons Robert and William, and seven grandchildren.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Zilow cut its costs of 25% in 2020 because of the Coronavirus.
Wikipedia page: Zillow (Technology)
Evidence:
section_header: History
text: In March of the same year, the CEO of Zillow announced a cut in expenses by 25%, and stopped hiring due to the COVID-19 outbreak.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Puerto Rican baseball player Iván Rodríguez was nicknamed "Pudge" ironically because he was so tall and lanky.
Wikipedia page: Iván Rodríguez (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Playing career | Minor leagues
text: He saw that I was short and stocky, so, from Day One, he started calling me "Pudge." It caught on, and the rest is history.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Hartford Convention was invalidated a few weeks after it happened by a future president of the United States winning a huge victory against the British.
Wikipedia page: Hartford Convention (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: However, weeks after the convention's end, news of Major General Andrew Jackson's overwhelming victory in New Orleans swept over the Northeast, discrediting and disgracing the Federalists, resulting in their elimination as a major national political force.
section_header: Summary
text: The Hartford Convention was a series of meetings from December 15, 1814 to January 5, 1815, in Hartford, Connecticut, United States, in which the New England Federalist Party met to discuss their grievances concerning the ongoing War of 1812 and the political problems arising from the federal government's increasing power.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: There Will Be Blood was inspired from a book.
Wikipedia page: There Will Be Blood (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: There Will Be Blood is a 2007 American epic period drama film written and directed by Paul Thomas Anderson, loosely based on the 1927 novel Oil!
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Ebay was created by an Italian.
Wikipedia page: eBay (Technology)
Evidence:
section_header: History | 1990s
text: The frequently repeated story that eBay was founded to help Omidyar's fiancée trade
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Big Ben's name was changed from the Clock Tower.
Wikipedia page: Big Ben (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The official name of the tower in which Big Ben is located was originally the Clock Tower; it was renamed Elizabeth Tower in 2012 to mark the Diamond Jubilee of Elizabeth II, Queen of the United Kingdom.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Stephen Sondheim was not close to his mother.
Wikipedia page: Stephen Sondheim (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Early years
text: No brothers and sisters, no parents, and yet plenty to eat, and friends to play with and a warm bed, you know?" Sondheim detested his mother, who was said to be psychologically abusive and projected her anger from her failed marriage on her son: "When my father left her, she substituted me for him.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The orginal Titantic movie featured survivors as the stars and was released two months after the incident.
Wikipedia page: RMS Titanic (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Legacy | Cultural
text: The first film about the disaster, Saved from the Titanic, was released only 29 days after the ship sank and had an actual survivor as its star—the silent film actress Dorothy Gibson.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: There was a boat pit constructed outside the pyramids perimeter.
Wikipedia page: Great Pyramid of Giza (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Boats
text: There are three boat-shaped pits around the pyramid, of a size and shape to have held complete boats, though so shallow that any superstructure, if there ever was one, must have been removed or disassembled.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: In Life of Pi, the protagonist was named after an artificial water enclosure.
Wikipedia page: Life of Pi (film) (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Plot
text: Piscine Molitor Patel after the swimming pool in France.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Willie McCovey was a professional MLB player for 19 seasons, played first baseman, and was often referred to as the Big Mac.
Wikipedia page: Willie McCovey (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Known as  "Stretch" during his playing days, and later also nicknamed "Mac" and "Willie Mac,".
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Robert "Bob" Gibson was sickly as a boy.
Wikipedia page: Bob Gibson (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Born in Omaha, Nebraska, Gibson overcame childhood illness to excel in youth sports, particularly basketball and baseball.
section_header: Early life
text: Despite a childhood that included health problems like rickets, and a serious case of either asthma or pneumonia when he was three, Gibson was active in sports in both informal and organized settings, particularly baseball and basketball.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Raines has six brothers and sisters.
Wikipedia page: Tim Raines (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: Raines was one of seven children.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: This was a real life mutiny aboard a British naval vessel in which the captain and several of those loyal to him were booted from the ship due to the captain's cruel behavior towards his crew.
Wikipedia page: Mutiny on the Bounty (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Relations between Bligh and his crew deteriorated after he began handing out increasingly harsh punishments, criticism and abuse, Christian being a particular target.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Peer Gyntis is a play by a Nordic composer.
Wikipedia page: Peer Gynt (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Peer Gynt (, Norwegian: [ˈpeːr ˈɡʏnt]) is a five-act play in verse by the Norwegian dramatist Henrik Ibsen published in 1867.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: "The Raven" is a narrative poem with eighteen stanzas written by American writer Edgar Allan Poe making him famous.
Wikipedia page: The Raven (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Critical reception
text: In part due to its dual printing, "The Raven" made Edgar Allan Poe a household name almost immediately, and turned Poe into a national celebrity.
section_header: Analysis | Poetic structure
text: The poem is made up of 18 stanzas of six lines each.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Typee is a book about Polynesia and gets it's name from a river.
Wikipedia page: Typee (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The title comes from the valley of Taipivai, once known as Taipi.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Leo Durocher is second in the National League history for most wins as a coach and was born in Massachusetts.
Wikipedia page: Leo Durocher (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Upon his retirement, he ranked fifth all-time among managers with 2,008 career victories, second only to John McGraw in National League history.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: McClellan's father was an engineer.
Wikipedia page: George B. McClellan (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life and career
text: McClellan initially intended to follow his father into the medical profession, and attended a private academy, which was followed by enrollment in a private preparatory school for the University of Pennsylvania.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Burleigh Grimes was the final pitcher to be allowed to throw spitballs.
Wikipedia page: Burleigh Grimes (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Burleigh Arland Grimes (August 18, 1893 – December 6, 1985) was an American professional baseball player, and the last pitcher officially permitted to throw the spitball.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Tim Keefe was a pitcher, he didn't decide what his team was wearing.
Wikipedia page: Tim Keefe (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Major league career
text: Keefe even designed the famous all-black "funeral" uniforms the Giants wore that season.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Francis Jean Marcel Poulenc called the singer who was his favorite the "best of the chansons."
Wikipedia page: Francis Poulenc (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Life | 1940s: war and post-war
text: He called her the nightingale who made him cry ("Mon rossignol à larmes").
section_header: Life | 1940s: war and post-war
text: The leading female role was taken by Denise Duval, who became the composer's favourite soprano, frequent recital partner and dedicatee of some of his music.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Donizetti was the eldest of his siblings.
Wikipedia page: Gaetano Donizetti (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life and musical education in Bergamo and Bologna
text: The youngest of three sons, Donizetti was born in 1797 in Bergamo's Borgo Canale quarter, located just outside the city walls.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Warren Giles was on a ship caught on fire during the invasion of Normandy.
Wikipedia page: Warren Giles (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Born in Tiskilwa, Illinois, Giles attended Washington & Lee University and served as an infantry officer in France during World War I. Before becoming a full-time baseball executive he worked as a football and basketball official in the Missouri Valley Conference, a major U.S. college sports league.
Verdict: REFUTES