tasksource/fool-me-twice huggingface dataset:
Claim: The Petronas towers are what inspired J.K. Rowling's Harry Potter series' 'patronus' spell, which she claimed is based on the  towers' 'twin' nature, like a spirit animal bound to a wizard's soul.
Wikipedia page: Petronas Towers (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: In popular culture
text: In 2010's Just Cause 2, the fictional Panau Falls Casino is based on the Petronas Towers.
section_header: In popular culture
text: Eidos Interactive has twice used the towers for inspiration in their video games.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Mad Max: Fury Road is a film about a post-apocalyptic world and the third installment in the series.
Wikipedia page: Mad Max: Fury Road (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The fourth installment and a "revisiting" of the Mad Max films, it was produced by Kennedy Miller Mitchell and distributed by Warner Bros. Pictures.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Zinc is not chemically close to any other element.
Wikipedia page: Zinc (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: In some respects, zinc is chemically similar to magnesium: both elements exhibit only one normal oxidation state (+2), and the Zn2+ and Mg2
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Pope Gregory VII is a saint and a reformer in the Catholic church.
Wikipedia page: Pope Gregory VII (NOCAT)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: One of the great reforming popes, he is perhaps best known for the part he played in the Investiture Controversy, his dispute with Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor that affirmed the primacy of papal authority and the new canon law governing the election of the pope by the College of Cardinals.
section_header: Summary
text: Hailed as one of the greatest of the Roman pontiffs after his reforms proved successful, Gregory VII was, during his own reign, despised by some for his expansive use of papal powers.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Long was assassinated in 1935.
Wikipedia page: Huey Long (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Huey Pierce Long Jr. (August 30, 1893 – September 10, 1935), nicknamed "The Kingfish," was an American politician who served as the 40th governor of Louisiana from 1928 to 1932 and as a member of the United States Senate from 1932 until his assassination in 1935.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Kerr is not her real surname.
Wikipedia page: Deborah Kerr (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: She adopted the name Deborah Kerr on becoming a film actress ("Kerr" was a family name going back to the maternal grandmother of her grandfather Arthur Kerr Trimmer).
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Magna Carta was respected by all parties involved, even if they didn't like it.
Wikipedia page: Magna Carta (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Neither side stood behind their commitments, and the charter was annulled by Pope Innocent III, leading to the First Barons' War.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Sony Corporation is a multinational business that was called as Type-G.
Wikipedia page: Sony (Technology)
Evidence:
section_header: History | Tokyo Tsushin Kogyo
text: The company built Japan's first tape recorder, called the Type-G.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: After retirement, Robin Yount, started a beverage company with a philanthropic business model.
Wikipedia page: Robin Yount (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Personal life
text: In June 2008, Yount announced the creation of a new all-natural lemonade drink, Robinade.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Technology is the number industry in Vancouver.
Wikipedia page: Vancouver (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The city became the permanent home to TED conferences in 2014.
section_header: Summary
text: While forestry remains its largest industry, Vancouver is well known as an urban centre surrounded by nature, making tourism its second-largest industry.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Chipper Jones was born in Georgia and went on to play in the MLB for the Atlanta Braves.
Wikipedia page: Chipper Jones (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: Chipper Jones was born in DeLand, Florida, on April 24, 1972.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: William Hurt began stage acting in his thirties.
Wikipedia page: William Hurt (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: He studied at the Juilliard School and began acting on stage in the 1970s.
section_header: Summary
text: William McChord Hurt (born March 20, 1950) is an American actor.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Guelphs and Ghibellines did happen in Spain.
Wikipedia page: Guelphs and Ghibellines (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The Guelphs and Ghibellines (, also US: ; Italian: guelfi e ghibellini [ˈɡwɛlfi e ɡɡibelˈliːni; -fj e]) were factions supporting the Pope and the Holy Roman Emperor, respectively, in the Italian city-states of central and northern Italy.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: As a kid, Oscar Charleston helped manage the equipment for a minor league ball team.
Wikipedia page: Oscar Charleston (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life and family
text: Oscar spent his youth playing sandlot baseball and was a batboy for the Indianapolis ABCs.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Burj Khalifa is the second largest building in world.
Wikipedia page: Burj Khalifa (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Construction and structure | Milestones
text: 10 March 2010: Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat certifies Burj Khalifa as world's tallest building.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Coming Home was a 1978 movie about coming home for the Vietnam War and starred Dustin Hoffman and Meryl Streep.
Wikipedia page: Coming Home (1978 film) (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: It stars Jane Fonda, Jon Voight, Bruce Dern, Penelope Milford, Robert Carradine and Robert Ginty.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: William Wallace's execution was as respectful as you could be in the 1300's.
Wikipedia page: William Wallace (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Capture and execution
text: He responded to the treason charge, "I could not be a traitor to Edward, for I was never his subject." Following the trial, on 23 August 1305, Wallace was taken from the hall to the Tower of London, then stripped naked and dragged through the city at the heels of a horse to the Elms at Smithfield.
section_header: Capture and execution
text: He was hanged, drawn and quartered—strangled by hanging, but released while he was still alive, emasculated, eviscerated and his bowels burned before him, beheaded, then cut into four parts.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: A recreation of the Lebanon war was made in the late 1990s.
Wikipedia page: Battleground (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Historic battlefields | Battlefield commemoration
text: The first documented Korean War reenactment was held in North Vernon, Indiana, by members of the 20th Century Tactical Studies Group portraying Canadian and North Korean troops, on March 15, 1997.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The first on-screen adaption was in 1949.
Wikipedia page: The Great Gatsby (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Adaptations | Film
text: The Great Gatsby has been adapted to film a number of times: The Great Gatsby (1926), directed by Herbert Brenon—starring Warner Baxter, Lois Wilson, and William Powell, a lost film.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Debussy had many Russian influences so he adapted their form and didn't change it.
Wikipedia page: Claude Debussy (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: With early influences including Russian and far-eastern music, Debussy developed his own style of harmony and orchestral colouring, derided – and unsuccessfully resisted – by much of the musical establishment of the day.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Switzerland does not have a very diverse culture.
Wikipedia page: Switzerland (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Culture
text: Swiss culture is characterised by diversity, which is reflected in a wide range of traditional customs.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Beyonce, Jamie Foxx, and Jennifer Hudson starred in the film adaptation not Whitney Houston, Lauryn Hill or Kelly Price.
Wikipedia page: Dreamgirls (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Film adaptation
text: The film adaptation of Dreamgirls stars Jamie Foxx as Curtis, Beyoncé as Deena, Eddie Murphy as Jimmy, Danny Glover as Marty, Jennifer Hudson as Effie,
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Rhino's eat plant-based.
Wikipedia page: Rhinoceros (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: They have a herbivorous diet, small brains (400–600 g) for mammals of their size, one or two horns, and a thick (1.5–5 cm) protective skin formed from layers of collagen positioned in a lattice structure.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Karen Sparck Jones died in March 2007.
Wikipedia page: Karen Sparck Jones (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Personal Life
text: She died 4 April 2007 at Willingham in Cambridgeshire.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Andromeda Galaxy is a barred spiral galaxy and can be seen without a telescope.
Wikipedia page: Andromeda Galaxy (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Amateur observing
text: The Andromeda Galaxy is the most distant object and the only spiral galaxy outside our Milky Way able to be seen with the naked eye.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Because I could not stop for Death was authorized for publication.
Wikipedia page: Because I could not stop for Death (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Dickinson's work was never authorized to be published
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Henry VII of England was succeeded by his heir.
Wikipedia page: Henry VII of England (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Reign | Later years and death
text: He was succeeded by his second son, Henry VIII (reigned 1509–47).
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: In geometry, It is known that vectors were instituted between 1801 and 1900.
Wikipedia page: Vector (mathematics and physics) (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Vectors in Euclidean geometry
text: In classical Euclidean geometry (that is in synthetic geometry), vectors were introduced (during the 19th century) as equivalence classes, under equipollence, of ordered pairs of points; two pairs (A, B) and (C, D) being equipollent if the points A, B, D, C, in this order, form a parallelogram.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Wilmot Proviso was put into effect in the late 1840s and was hugely responsible for the Civil War.
Wikipedia page: Wilmot Proviso (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The Wilmot Proviso was an unsuccessful 1846 proposal in the United States Congress to ban slavery in territory acquired from Mexico in the Mexican–American War.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Tom Cruise is an avid science denier, and should not be allowed to speak.
Wikipedia page: Tom Cruise (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Personal life | Scientology | Criticism of psychiatry
text: Cruise asserted that there is no such thing as a chemical imbalance and that psychiatry is a form of pseudoscience.
section_header: Personal life | Scientology | Advocacy of Scientology
text: They described him as a militant spokesman for Scientology, and barred any further dealings with him.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Bostonians was originally a film that was about a wealthy family and their business.
Wikipedia page: The Bostonians (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The Bostonians is a novel by Henry James, first published as a serial in The Century Magazine in 1885–1886 and then as a book in 1886.
section_header: Summary
text: The storyline concerns the struggle between Ransom and Olive for Verena's allegiance and affection, though the novel also includes a wide panorama of political activists, newspaper people, and quirky eccentrics.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: A company or a battery is made up of multiple platoons that form a unit.
Wikipedia page: Platoon (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: A unit consisting of several platoons is called a company/battery.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Not a lot is known about the roots of the house.
Wikipedia page: House (NOCAT)
Evidence:
section_header: Etymology
text: Beit in Arabic means house, while in Maltese bejt refers to the roof of the house.
section_header: History
text: Little is known about the earliest origin of the house and its interior, however it can be traced back to the simplest form of shelters.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: United States naval officer Stephen Decatur Jr. was of French descent on both sides.
Wikipedia page: Stephen Decatur (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life and education
text: The family of Decatur was of French descent on Stephen's father's side, while his mother's family was of Irish ancestry.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Barcelona is the first most populated city.
Wikipedia page: Barcelona (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: It is the capital and largest city of the autonomous community of Catalonia, as well as the second most populous municipality of Spain.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Emperor Jimmu is legendarily recounted as the child of the three-legged crow god, Yatagarasu.
Wikipedia page: Emperor Jimmu (NOCAT)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: In Japanese mythology, he was a descendant of the sun goddess Amaterasu, through her grandson Ninigi, as well as a descendant of the storm god Susanoo.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: George Armstrong Custer graduated officer school one of the best in his cohort.
Wikipedia page: George Armstrong Custer (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Custer graduated from West Point in 1861 at the bottom of his class, but as the Civil War was just starting, trained officers were in immediate demand.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Kathy Bates was born before the 1950s.
Wikipedia page: Kathy Bates (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Kathleen Doyle Bates (born June 28, 1948) is an American actress and director.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The novel The Web and the Rock was published after his death because according to John Halberstadt it was not finished.
Wikipedia page: The Web and the Rock (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The Web and the Rock is an American bildungsroman novel by Thomas Wolfe, published posthumously in the 1939.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Weak interaction definition is the mechanism of an object between an electron and a proton.
Wikipedia page: Weak interaction (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: In nuclear physics and particle physics, the weak interaction, which is also often called the weak force or weak nuclear force, is the mechanism of interaction between subatomic particles that is responsible for the radioactive decay of atoms.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: An occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge has inspired films.
Wikipedia page: An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Stories with similar structure
text: A particularly strong inspiration for the 1990 film Jacob's Ladder, for both Bruce Joel Rubin and Adrian Lyne, was Robert Enrico's 1962 short film An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge, one of Lyne's favourite movies.
section_header: Adaptations | Movies, television, and videos
text: Owl Creek Bridge, a 2008 short film by director John Giwa-Amu, won the BAFTA Cymru Award for best short.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Salem Witch Trials did only accuse women.
Wikipedia page: Salem witch trials (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Thirty were found guilty, nineteen of whom were executed by hanging (fourteen women and five men).
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Indonesia is a country with a dictatorship.
Wikipedia page: Indonesia (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Government and politics
text: Indonesia is a republic with a presidential system.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: George Gershwin was killed in a hunting accident.
Wikipedia page: George Gershwin (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: He died in 1937 of a malignant brain tumor.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Michael Jamison Jordan's family moved to North Carolina before he was five.
Wikipedia page: Michael Jordan (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: Michael Jeffrey Jordan was born at Cumberland Hospital in the Fort Greene neighborhood of New York City's Brooklyn borough on February 17, 1963, the son of bank employee Deloris (née Peoples) (born 1941) and
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Neil Diamond wrote one his songs for his wife, but changed the title so that it referenced the nickname he had for her.
Wikipedia page: Neil Diamond (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Career | 1970s
text: He could not find a good rhyme with the name "Marcia", and so used the name Caroline.
section_header: Career | 1970s
text: In 2007 Diamond said he had written "Sweet Caroline" for Caroline Kennedy after seeing her on the cover of Life in an equestrian riding outfit, but in 2014, he said in an interview on the Today Show that it was written for his then wife, Marcia.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Frogs includes curse words when honoring the deities.
Wikipedia page: The Frogs (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Critical analysis
text: The parodos contains a paradigmatic example of how in Greek culture obscenity could be included in celebrations related to the gods.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: There is a restaurant on the 41st and 42nd floors.
Wikipedia page: Petronas Towers (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Features | Skybridge
text: Residing on the 41st and 42nd floors, the skybridge connects a conference room, an executive dining room and a prayer room.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Bernstien was a professor for more than 5 years.
Wikipedia page: Leonard Bernstein (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Life and career | Early 1950s | Brandeis University
text: Bernstein was a visiting music professor from 1951 to 1956 at Brandeis University, and he founded the Creative Arts Festival there in 1952.
section_header: Life and career | Norton Lectures at Harvard
text: Bernstein was appointed in 1973 to the Charles Eliot Norton Chair as Professor of Poetry at his alma mater, Harvard University, and delivered a series of six televised lectures on music with musical examples played by the Boston Symphony Orchestra.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The film Babel is set in four different countries.
Wikipedia page: Babel (film) (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The film portrays multiple stories taking place in Morocco, Japan, Mexico and the United States.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Uber is based in San Francisco and has operations in over 785 metropolitan areas worldwide, and was estimated to have over 200 million worldwide users.
Wikipedia page: Uber (Technology)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: As of 2019, Uber was estimated to have over 110 million worldwide users.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Claudio Monteverdi was an Italian priest with significant influence who composed religious music and opera pieces that were rediscovered in the twentieth century.
Wikipedia page: Claudio Monteverdi (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: A composer of both secular and sacred music, and a pioneer in the development of opera
section_header: Historical perspective
text: Monteverdi's surviving operas are today regularly performed; the website Operabase notes 555 performances of the operas in 149 productions worldwide in the seasons 2011–2016, ranking Monteverdi at 30th position for all composers, and at 8th ranking for Italian opera composers.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Benjamin Franklin enjoyed the game of checkers.
Wikipedia page: Benjamin Franklin (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Chess
text: Franklin was an avid chess player.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Lange is a dedicated Catholic.
Wikipedia page: Jessica Lange (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Personal life
text: I've never been a religious person.
section_header: Personal life
text: she does not follow any set religion, she periodically practices Buddhism.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Jane Fonda's father was an actor too.
Wikipedia page: Jane Fonda (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Born to actor Henry Fonda and socialite Frances Ford Seymour, Fonda made her acting debut with the 1960 Broadway play There Was a Little Girl, for which she received a nomination for the Tony Award for Best Featured Actress in a Play, and made her screen debut later the same year with the romantic comedy Tall Story.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The historians of today have pointed out that two years would not be enough to decorate and build such an extravagant building.
Wikipedia page: Mausoleum at Halicarnassus (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: History
text: Modern historians have pointed out that two years would not be enough time to decorate and build such an extravagant building.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Medea is not related to the sun god Helios.
Wikipedia page: Medea (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: In Greek mythology, Medea (; Ancient Greek: Μήδεια, Mēdeia, Georgian: მედეა, Medea) is the daughter of King Aeëtes of Colchis, a niece of Circe and the granddaughter of the sun god Helios.
section_header: Genealogy and divinity
text: One of the only uncontested facts is that she is a direct descendant of the sun god Helios (son of the Titan Hyperion) through her father King Aeëtes of Colchis.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Eloi of the book's described future were small, childlike, and have a title derived from the word 'cow' in a foreign language.
Wikipedia page: The Time Machine (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Scholarship | Subtext of the names Eloi and Morlock
text: The name Eloi is the Hebrew plural for Elohim, or lesser gods, in the Old Testament.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Abraham Lincoln was the fifteenth president of the United States.
Wikipedia page: Abraham Lincoln (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Abraham Lincoln (; February 12, 1809 – April 15, 1865) was an American statesman and lawyer who served as the 16th president of the United States from 1861 to 1865.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The 1972 novel Watership Down was adapted into a 1978 film with Arnold Schwarzenegger performing the voice of Lapine.
Wikipedia page: Watership Down (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Watership Down is a survival and adventure novel by English author Richard Adams, published by Rex Collings Ltd of London in 1972.
section_header: Adaptations | Film
text: The voice cast included John Hurt, Richard Briers, Harry Andrews, Simon Cadell, Nigel Hawthorne, and Roy Kinnear.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Yogi Berra is a baseball player who played for nineteen years on two different professional teams.
Wikipedia page: Yogi Berra (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: He played 19 seasons in Major League Baseball (MLB) (1946–1963, 1965), all but the last for the New York Yankees.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Marsha Mason won three Golden Globes and has performed on Broadway, acted on television series like The Middle and Netflix series Grace and Frankie.
Wikipedia page: Marsha Mason (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The first two films also won her Golden Globe Awards.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Lodge was a Republican.
Wikipedia page: Henry Cabot Lodge (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Henry Cabot Lodge (May 12, 1850 –  November 9, 1924) was an American Republican senator and historian from Massachusetts.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Taylor was a salesmen before he became a president.
Wikipedia page: Zachary Taylor (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Taylor previously was a career officer in the United States Army, rose to the rank of major general and became a national hero as a result of his victories in the Mexican–American War.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Jellyfishes have a small organ inside their heads that act as a lung.
Wikipedia page: Cnidaria (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Description | Respiration
text: There are no respiratory organs, and both cell layers absorb oxygen from and expel carbon dioxide into the surrounding water.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: A Midsummer Night's Dream is a play that has another play inside of it.
Wikipedia page: A Midsummer Night's Dream (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: One subplot revolves around a conflict between four Athenian lovers, one about a group of six amateur actors who have to act out their interpretation of the play 'Pyramus and Thisbe' at the wedding of Theseus and Hippolyta.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Franz Schubert was a composer who composed the Piano Quintet in A major.
Wikipedia page: Franz Schubert (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: His major works include the Piano Quintet in A major, D. 667 (Trout Quintet), the Symphony No. 8 in B minor, D. 759 (Unfinished Symphony), the ”Great” Symphony No. 9 in C major, D. 944, the String Quintet (D. 956), the three last piano sonatas (D. 958–960), the opera Fierrabras (D. 796), the incidental music to the play Rosamunde (D. 797), and the song cycles Die schöne Müllerin (D. 795) and Winterreise (D. 911).
section_header: Summary
text: Franz Peter Schubert (German: [ˈfʁant͡s ˈpeːtɐ ˈʃuːbɐt]; 31 January 1797 – 19 November 1828) was an Austrian composer of the late Classical and early Romantic eras.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: In his first season in the league, Carl Owen Hubbell was traded to the Tigers.
Wikipedia page: Carl Hubbell (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Minor league career
text: Hubbell was originally signed by the Detroit Tigers and was invited to spring training in 1926.
section_header: Minor league career
text: Hubbell was sent to the Toronto Maple Leafs in the International League before the start of the season.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Chuck Klein' s parents were into farming.
Wikipedia page: Chuck Klein (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: He was the son of immigrant farmers Frank and Margaret Klein.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: In 2005, Rolling Stone ranked Revolver as the 3rd greatest album of all time.
Wikipedia page: The Beatles (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: History | 1963–1966: Beatlemania and touring years | Controversies, Revolver and final tour
text: In 2003, Rolling Stone ranked Revolver as the third greatest album of all time.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Santo played for the New York Yankees his whole career.
Wikipedia page: Ron Santo (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Ronald Edward Santo (February 25, 1940 – December 3, 2010) was an American Major League Baseball (MLB) third baseman who played for the Chicago Cubs from 1960 through 1973 and the Chicago White Sox in 1974.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: William Shakespeare's theatre group had a different name after the new ruler of England took the throne.
Wikipedia page: William Shakespeare (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Life | London and theatrical career
text: After the death of Queen Elizabeth in 1603, the company was awarded a royal patent by the new King James I, and changed its name to the King's Men.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Charles Martel's pseudonym was "The Hammer."
Wikipedia page: Charles Martel (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Background
text: Charles, nicknamed "Martel", or "Charles the Hammer", in later chronicles, was the son of Pepin of Herstal and his second wife Alpaida.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Palace of Versailles had always been large and filled with extravagant furniture.
Wikipedia page: Palace of Versailles (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: A simple hunting lodging and later a small château with a moat occupied the site until 1661, when the first work expanding the château into a palace was carried out for Louis XIV.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Bee Gees were a musical group of brothers.
Wikipedia page: Bee Gees (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Their lineup consisted of brothers Barry, Robin, and Maurice Gibb.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: It took around twelve months to film Reds.
Wikipedia page: Reds (film) (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Production | Filming
text: When principal photography began in August 1979 the original intention was for a 15- to 16-week shoot, but it ultimately took one year.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Equal Rights Amendment has gone through thirty five ratification.
Wikipedia page: Equal Rights Amendment (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Through 1977, the amendment received 35 of the necessary 38 state ratifications.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The leader of the group, Gang of Four was a male farmer.
Wikipedia page: Gang of Four (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Formation
text: The group was led by Jiang Qing, and consisted of three of her close associates, Zhang Chunqiao, Yao Wenyuan, and Wang Hongwen.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Shah Jahan's most well known structure is the Khan Mosque.
Wikipedia page: Shah Jahan (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Shah Jahan commissioned many monuments, the best known of which is the Taj Mahal in Agra, which entombs his favourite wife, Mumtaz Mahal.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The place setting for the novel Nostromo is not real, but it was inspired by a real place.
Wikipedia page: Nostromo (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Plot summary
text: Though Costaguana is a fictional nation, its geography as described in the book resembles real-life Colombia.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Nielsen was a composer that had a particular interest in Danish folk music and as such had a huge following in his home country but not the same appreciation outside of it.
Wikipedia page: Carl Nielsen (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Music | Musical style
text: His interest and background in folk music had special resonance for Danes, and this was intensified during the nationalistic movements of the 1930s and during World War II, when singing was an important basis for the Danes to distinguish themselves from their German enemies.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: A mollusca is the second biggest phylum and is related to molluscs.
Wikipedia page: Mollusca (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Etymology
text: As now known, these groups have no relation to molluscs, and very little to one another, so the name Molluscoida has been abandoned.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Adam grew up in Boston.
Wikipedia page: Adolphe Adam (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Life and career
text: Adolphe Adam was born in Paris, to Jean-Louis Adam (1758–1848), who was a prominent Alsatian composer, as well a professor at the Paris Conservatoire.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Tripadvisor, an American online travel company, was not intended to be a social media site.
Wikipedia page: TripAdvisor (Technology)
Evidence:
section_header: History
text: Kaufer said the original idea wasn't a user generated social media site to swap reviews, "We started as a site where we were focused more on those official words from guidebooks or newspapers or magazines.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Winfield played for 1 team during his career in MLB.
Wikipedia page: Dave Winfield (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Over his 22-year career, he played for six teams: the San Diego Padres, New York Yankees, California Angels, Toronto Blue Jays, Minnesota Twins, and Cleveland Indians.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Khrushchev passed away in 1990.
Wikipedia page: Nikita Khrushchev (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Nikita Sergeyevich Khrushchev (15 April [O.S. 3 April] 1894 – 11 September 1971) was a Soviet politician who led the Soviet Union during part of the Cold War as the first secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1953 to 1964 and as chairman of the Council of Ministers (or premier) from 1958 to 1964.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The structure lies on the eastern side of the Nile river.
Wikipedia page: Great Sphinx of Giza (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Facing directly from West to East, it stands on the Giza Plateau on the west bank of the Nile in Giza, Egypt.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Both of Phil Collins's siblings were theater actors.
Wikipedia page: Phil Collins (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: His sister Carole competed as a professional ice skater and his older brother Clive is a noted cartoonist.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Apple is a nice and moral corporation.
Wikipedia page: Apple Inc. (Technology)
Evidence:
section_header: Criticism and controversies
text: On 16 March 2020, France fined Apple € 1.1bn for colluding with two wholesalers to stifle competition and keep prices high by handicapping independent resellers.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The War of the Austrian Succession was fought across only Spain and Italy.
Wikipedia page: War of the Austrian Succession (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The war was fought across four primary theatres: Central Europe, the Austrian Netherlands, Italy, and the seas.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Francis Drake stayed with his first wife forever.
Wikipedia page: Francis Drake (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Marriage and family
text: Francis Drake married Mary Newman at St. Budeaux church, Plymouth, in July 1569.
section_header: Marriage and family
text: In 1585, Drake married Elizabeth Sydenham—born circa 1562, the only child of Sir George Sydenham, of Combe Sydenham, who was the High Sheriff of Somerset.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Bob Lemon had a career in MLB and passed away in the year 2000.
Wikipedia page: Bob Lemon (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Death
text: Lemon died in 2000 in Long Beach, California, where he had been a permanent resident since his career as a player.
section_header: Summary
text: Robert Granville Lemon (September 22, 1920 – January 11, 2000) was an American right-handed pitcher and manager in Major League Baseball (MLB).
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Spanish Civil War was a fight that the Nationalist won.
Wikipedia page: Spanish Civil War (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The Nationalists won the war, which ended in early 1939, and ruled Spain until Franco's death in November 1975.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Jake Beckley played in Major League Baseball for six different teams.
Wikipedia page: Jake Beckley (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: He played in Major League Baseball for the Pittsburgh Alleghenys, Pittsburgh Burghers, Pittsburgh Pirates, New York Giants, Cincinnati Reds and St. Louis Cardinals from 1888 to 1907.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: A Doll's House is set in Newfoundland and put a spotlight on a world controlled by women.
Wikipedia page: A Doll's House (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The play is set in a Norwegian town circa 1879.
section_header: Summary
text: The play is significant for the way it deals with the fate of a married woman, who at the time in Norway lacked reasonable opportunities for self-fulfillment in a male-dominated world, despite the fact that Ibsen denies it was his intent to write a feminist play.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Battle of Bosworth Field was won by the House of York and the leader became an earl.
Wikipedia page: Battle of Bosworth Field (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Fought on 22 August 1485, the battle was won by the Lancastrians.
section_header: Summary
text: Their leader Henry Tudor, Earl of Richmond, became the first English monarch of the Tudor dynasty by his victory and subsequent marriage to a Yorkist princess.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: It is built on a parcel of land to the south of the city of Agra.
Wikipedia page: Taj Mahal (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Construction
text: The Taj Mahal is built on a parcel of land to the south of the walled city of Agra.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: R.U.R. is a science fiction film about robots.
Wikipedia page: R.U.R. (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: R.U.R. is a 1920 science fiction play by the Czech writer Karel Čapek.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: In 2018, Paris was the 3rd busiest travel destination in the world.
Wikipedia page: Paris (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Tourism
text: , Paris was the second-busiest airline destination in the world, with 19.10 million visitors, behind Bangkok (22.78 million) but ahead of London (19.09 million).
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Bullet Rogan died before he was recognized in the Baseball Hall of Fame.
Wikipedia page: Bullet Rogan (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Personal life
text: The Baseball Hall of Fame first admitted Negro league players in the 1970s, but did not honor Rogan until 1998, 31 years after his death.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Who started in England's capital.
Wikipedia page: The Who (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The Who are an English rock band formed in London in 1964.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Belgium is home to 3 European dialects, none of which are English.
Wikipedia page: Belgium (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Belgium is home to two main linguistic groups or communities: the Dutch-speaking Flemish Community, which constitutes about 60 percent of the population, and the French-speaking Community, which comprises about 40 percent of all Belgians.
section_header: Demographics | Languages
text: Belgium has three official languages: Dutch, French and German.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Treaty of Ghent was never declared.
Wikipedia page: Treaty of Ghent (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Aftermath
text: The treaty was proclaimed on February 18.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Wembley is located in Yorkshire.
Wikipedia page: Wembley Stadium (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Wembley Stadium (branded as Wembley Stadium connected by EE for sponsorship reasons) is a multi-purpose stadium in Wembley, London.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The country of Argentina derives it's name from Italian.
Wikipedia page: Argentina (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Name and etymology
text: The description of the country by the word Argentina has been found on a Venetian map in 1536.In English, the name "Argentina" comes from the Spanish language; however, the naming itself is not Spanish, but Italian.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Paganini was an inspiration to Franz Liszt.
Wikipedia page: Niccolò Paganini (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Compositions
text: Franz Liszt, Robert Schumann, Johannes Brahms, Sergei Rachmaninoff, Boris Blacher, Andrew Lloyd Webber, George Rochberg and Witold Lutosławski, among others, wrote well-known variations on these themes.
section_header: Compositions
text: Paganini was also the inspiration of many prominent composers.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Aaron Copland was never affiliated with any particular government group.
Wikipedia page: Aaron Copland (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Life | Personal life
text: Copland never enrolled as a member of any political party.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Gianni Rivera is A.C. Milan's second most youthful player to score a goal.
Wikipedia page: A.C. Milan (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Club statistics and records
text: Rivera is also Milan's youngest ever goalscorer, scoring in a league match against Juventus at just 17 years.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Meryl thought about becoming a lawyer.
Wikipedia page: Meryl Streep (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: At Yale, she supplemented her course fees by working as a waitress and typist, and appeared in over a dozen stage productions per year; at one point, she became overworked and developed ulcers, so she contemplated quitting acting and switching to study law.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: American baseball player Cy Young held records for over a century and pitched three no-hitters.
Wikipedia page: Cy Young (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: He led his league in wins during five seasons and pitched three no-hitters, including a perfect game.
section_header: Summary
text: Denton True "Cy" Young (March 29, 1867 – November 4, 1955) was an American Major League Baseball (MLB) pitcher.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: King Arthur was ab Scottish leader that defended his land from the Vikings.
Wikipedia page: King Arthur (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: King Arthur (Welsh: Brenin Arthur, Cornish: Arthur Gernow, Breton: Roue Arzhur) was a legendary British leader who, according to medieval histories and romances, led the defence of Britain against Saxon invaders in the late 5th and early 6th centuries.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Many people have died or been arrested trying to pass through the tunnel illegally, or jump on trains  to accomplish the same.
Wikipedia page: Channel Tunnel (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Illegal immigration | Illegal attempts to cross and deaths
text: On 6 July 2015, a migrant died while attempting to climb onto a freight train while trying to reach Britain from the French side of the Channel.
section_header: Illegal immigration | Illegal attempts to cross and deaths
text: He was arrested close to the British side, after having walked about 30 miles (48 km) through the tunnel.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Diocletian's reign ended with his assassination.
Wikipedia page: Diocletian (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Legacy
text: The historian A.H.M. Jones observed that "It is perhaps Diocletian's greatest achievement that he reigned twenty-one years and then abdicated voluntarily, and spent the remaining years of his life in peaceful retirement." Diocletian was one of the few emperors of the third and fourth centuries to die naturally, and the first in the history of the empire to retire voluntarily.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Abbasid Caliphate had Arabic lineage.
Wikipedia page: Abbasid Caliphate (History)
Evidence:
section_header: History | Abbasid Revolution (750–751)
text: The Abbasid caliphs were Arabs descended from Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib, one of the youngest uncles of Muhammad and of the same Banu Hashim clan.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Crucible is a musical by Miller.
Wikipedia page: The Crucible (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The Crucible is a 1953 play by American playwright Arthur Miller.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Importance of Being Ernest was performed for the first time in Broadway, New York City.
Wikipedia page: The Importance of Being Earnest (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: First performed on 14 February 1895 at the St James's Theatre in London, it is a farcical comedy in which the protagonists maintain fictitious personae to escape burdensome social obligations.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Spanning a period of 10 to 15 years, "The Mill on the Floss" details the lives of Tom and Maggie Tulliver, first published in four volumes in 1860 by William Blackwood.
Wikipedia page: The Mill on the Floss (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The Mill on the Floss is a novel by George Eliot (Mary Ann Evans), first published in three volumes in 1860 by William Blackwood.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Snake Pit stems from a gripping film based on a novel illustrating a number of insane people.
Wikipedia page: The Snake Pit (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Plot
text: Nurse Davis goads Virginia into an outburst which results in Virginia being straitjacketed and expelled from Level One into the "snake pit," where patients considered beyond help are simply placed together in a large padded cell and abandoned.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Incredibles 2 is an anime movie about the adventures of a superhero family and the father is the President of the United States who has to hide his superhero identity.
Wikipedia page: Incredibles 2 (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The story follows the Parr family as they try to restore the public's trust in superheroes while balancing their family life, only to combat a new foe who seeks to turn the populace against all superheroes.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: "Tinker" is actually not Joe's last name, it is Studdenbakker but he changed it so that he would not be subject to prejudice against german immigrants.
Wikipedia page: Joe Tinker (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Joseph Bert Tinker (July 27, 1880 – July 27, 1948) was an American professional baseball player and manager.
section_header: Early life
text: Tinker was born in Muscotah, Kansas.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The England national football team has won the UEFA championship numerous times.
Wikipedia page: England national football team (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Competitive record | UEFA European Championship
text: England's greatest achievements at the UEFA European Championship have been to finish in third place in 1968 and 1996.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Butch Cassidy and the Sundance was first shown in Connecticut.
Wikipedia page: Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Release | Premieres
text: The world premiere of the movie was on September 23, 1969, at the Roger Sherman Theater, in New Haven, Connecticut.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Cyrus's soundtrack "Hannah Montana" was a huge success.
Wikipedia page: Miley Cyrus (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Life and career | 2010–2012: Can't Be Tamed and focus on acting
text: Cyrus released her final soundtrack as "Hannah Montana" that October; it was a commercial failure.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: After the mutiny of the HMS Bounty in 1789, some of the mutineers took off in Tahiti while others went back to England.
Wikipedia page: Mutiny on the Bounty (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: After Bligh reached England in April 1790, the Admiralty despatched HMS Pandora to apprehend the mutineers.
section_header: Summary
text: Fourteen were captured in Tahiti and imprisoned on board Pandora, which then searched without success for Christian's party that had hidden on Pitcairn Island.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The United States party the Free Soil Party wanted to stop the expansion of slavery and the party would be taken into the Republican Party after 1856.
Wikipedia page: Free Soil Party (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Most Free Soilers joined the Republican Party, which emerged as the dominant political party in the United States in the subsequent Third Party System (1856–1894).
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Ozzie Smith helped the Cardinals win the 1982 World Series.
Wikipedia page: Ozzie Smith (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Upon joining the Cardinals, Smith helped the team win the 1982 World Series.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Homestead Strike was an emotional and chaotic process that got out of hand quickly.
Wikipedia page: Homestead Strike (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Nature of the 1892 strike
text: The Homestead strike was organized and purposeful, a harbinger of the type of strike which marked the modern age of labor relations in the United States.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The King and I was inspired from a novel.
Wikipedia page: The King and I (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: It is based on Margaret Landon's novel, Anna and the King of Siam (1944), which is in turn derived from the memoirs of Anna Leonowens, governess to the children of King Mongkut of Siam in the early 1860s.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Alice in Wonderland was out of print for a few months back in 1900.
Wikipedia page: Alice in Wonderland (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The work has never been out of print, and it has been translated into at least 97 languages.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Bucky Harris's last job with Major League Baseball was as a manager for Boston.
Wikipedia page: Bucky Harris (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Front office career
text: Harris ended his long MLB career as a scout for the White Sox (1961–1962) and special assistant for the new expansion Washington Senators franchise that played in D.C. from 1961 to 1971 before moving on to Arlington, Texas.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Seagull has been adapted to film many times.
Wikipedia page: The Seagull (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Adaptations | Film
text: An American film titled The Seagull went into production in 2015.
section_header: Adaptations | Film
text: Christian Camargo directed a 2014 film adaptation of the play, titled Days and Nights, set in rural New England during the 1980s.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Distillation is not a worthwhile way to take mineral components out of saline water.
Wikipedia page: Distillation (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Distillation is an effective and traditional method of desalination.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Charles Stewart Parnell was dispatched by illness of the lungs at the age of forty-five.
Wikipedia page: Charles Stewart Parnell (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Death and legacy
text: He was 45 years of age at the time of his death.
section_header: Death and legacy
text: He died in his home at 10 Walsingham Terrace, Hove (now replaced by Dorset Court, Kingsway) on 6 October 1891 of pneumonia and in the arms of his wife Katharine.
Verdict: SUPPORTS