tasksource/fool-me-twice huggingface dataset:
Claim: One Night of Love is a 1934 American Columbia Pictures musical film about an opera singer with stage fright in Italy, who eventually gets the help she needed to overcome it.
Wikipedia page: One Night of Love (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Plot
text: Opera singer Mary Barrett (Grace Moore) leaves to study music in Milan, Italy to the disappointment of her family in New York City.
section_header: Plot
text: Mary discovers she has stagefright as she prepares for a tour of provincial opera houses, however Giulio helps her overcome it.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Call of the Wild is about a dog that lives in the West Coast.
Wikipedia page: The Call of the Wild (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Plot summary
text: The story opens in 1897 with Buck, a powerful 140-pound St. Bernard–Scotch Collie mix, happily living in California's Santa Clara Valley as the pampered pet of Judge Miller and his family.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The government of Ethiopia has murdered crowds.
Wikipedia page: Ethiopia (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Politics | Governance
text: Ethiopian police are said to have massacred 193 protesters, mostly in the capital Addis Ababa, in the violence following the May 2005 elections in the Ethiopian police massacre.
section_header: Politics | Human rights
text: Recent human rights violations include the killing of 100 peaceful protestors by direct government gunfire in the Oromo and Amhara regions in 2016.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Bald Soprano is a play in the absurd genre, written by Eugene Ionesco and is meant to to be performed in a repeating cycle.
Wikipedia page: The Bald Soprano (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Meaning
text: The Bald Soprano appears to have been written as a continuous loop.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: George Kell was known as a good hitter but was also known as a difficult player to go down swinging.
Wikipedia page: George Kell (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Kell also was hard to strike out; he struck out only 287 times in 6,702 at-bats during his career.
section_header: Baseball career
text: A solid right-handed hitter and a sure-handed fielder, Kell was a ten-time All-Star, batted over .300 nine times and topped the league's third basemen in assists and total chances four times and in fielding percentage seven times.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Part of Emperor Jimmu's family lore was that one of his relatives was the god of thunder and lightning.
Wikipedia page: Emperor Jimmu (NOCAT)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: In Japanese mythology, he was a descendant of the sun goddess Amaterasu, through her grandson Ninigi, as well as a descendant of the storm god Susanoo.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Former prime minister of Canada Benjamin Disraeli has a holiday celebrating him.
Wikipedia page: Benjamin Disraeli (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Final months, death, and memorials
text: Disraeli's executors decided against a public procession and funeral, fearing that too large crowds would gather to do him honour.
section_header: Final months, death, and memorials
text: but I am not afraid to die". The anniversary of Disraeli's death is now commemorated in the United Kingdom as Primrose Day.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Gandhi died from an unknown disease.
Wikipedia page: Mahatma Gandhi (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Biography | Death
text: At 5:17 pm on 30 January 1948, Gandhi was with his grandnieces in the garden of Birla House (now Gandhi Smriti), on his way to address a prayer meeting, when Nathuram Godse, a Hindu nationalist, fired three bullets into his chest from a pistol at close range.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Brando's career lasted 60 years.
Wikipedia page: Marlon Brando (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Marlon Brando Jr. (April 3, 1924 – July 1, 2004) was an American actor and film director with a career spanning 60 years, during which he won the Oscar for Best Actor twice.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The company Twilio was founded in 2008 and raised over $10 million dollars in venture funding in 2011.
Wikipedia page: Twilio (Technology)
Evidence:
section_header: History
text: Twilio was founded in 2008 by Jeff Lawson, Evan Cooke, and John Wolthuis and was originally based in both Seattle, Washington, and San Francisco, California.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Arthur Wellesley was Protestant.
Wikipedia page: Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life and education
text: As such, he belonged to the Protestant Ascendancy.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Member of the Wedding is a novel that took four years to finish.
Wikipedia page: The Member of the Wedding (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: It took McCullers five years to complete, although she interrupted the work for a few months to write the novella
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Guelphs and Ghibellines were rival factions from the 12th through 15th centuries.
Wikipedia page: Guelphs and Ghibellines (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: During the 12th and 13th centuries, rivalry between these two parties formed a particularly important aspect of the internal politics of medieval Italy.
section_header: Summary
text: The Guelphs and Ghibellines (, also US: ; Italian: guelfi e ghibellini [ˈɡwɛlfi e ɡɡibelˈliːni; -fj e]) were factions supporting the Pope and the Holy Roman Emperor, respectively, in the Italian city-states of central and northern Italy.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Reese passed in his home due to pneumonia.
Wikipedia page: Pee Wee Reese (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Later life and death
text: He battled prostate and lung cancer during the final years of his life, and died on August 14, 1999 at his Louisville home.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: In 2005, Pier Oddone was killed when a switchgear that was being transported fell on him.
Wikipedia page: Large Hadron Collider (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Operational history | Construction | Construction accidents and delays
text: On 25 October 2005, José Pereira Lages, a technician, was killed in the LHC when a switchgear that was being transported fell on top of him.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Mildred Pierce is a novel about a woman who cheats on her spouse and runs away with her children looking for a better life.
Wikipedia page: Mildred Pierce (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Plot
text: Set in Glendale, California, in the 1930s, the book is the story of a middle-class housewife, Mildred Pierce, and her attempts to maintain her family's social position during the Great Depression.
section_header: Plot
text: Mildred separates from Bert, her unemployed husband, and sets out to support herself and her children.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Charles de Gaulle saved the lives of as manyas 1,200 nazi collaborators.
Wikipedia page: Charles de Gaulle (History)
Evidence:
section_header: 1944–1946: Provisional Government of Liberated France | Legal purges (Épuration légale)
text: Of the near 2,000 people who received the death sentence from the courts, fewer than 800 were executed.
section_header: 1944–1946: Provisional Government of Liberated France | Legal purges (Épuration légale)
text: Knowing that he would need to reprieve many of the 'economic collaborators'—such as police and civil servants who held minor roles under Vichy in order to keep the country running as normally as possible—he assumed, as head of state, the right to commute death sentences.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Epcot, a theme park at the Walt Disney World Resort in  Florida, became outdated by the 1970s.
Wikipedia page: Epcot (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: History | 1990s-2000s: Decline in vision
text: Despite its initial success, Epcot constantly met the challenges of evolving with worldwide progress, an issue that caused the park to lose relevance and become outdated in the 1990s.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Miley Ray Cyrus was born Destiny Hope Cyrus but her name was changed in 2008.
Wikipedia page: Miley Cyrus (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Miley Ray Cyrus (born Destiny Hope Cyrus; November 23, 1992) is an American singer, songwriter, and actor.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Zynga Inc. is an American social game developer running social video game service founded in April 2007 with headquarters in San Francisco, California, United States, in which 2017, it's most successful games were Zynga Poker and Words with Friends 2, with about 57 million games being played at any given moment.
Wikipedia page: Zynga (Technology)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: In 2017 its most successful games were Zynga Poker and Words with Friends 2, with about 57 million games being played at any given moment; and CSR Racing 2, the most popular racing game on mobile devices.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The character of Väinämöinen in the Finnish oral folklore and mythology poetry cycle known as the Kalevala has been compared by scholars to Adam from the Hebrew Old Testament.
Wikipedia page: Kalevala (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: The story | Characters | Väinämöinen
text: Väinämöinen, the central character of The Kalevala, is a shamanistic hero with a magical power of song and music similar to that of Orpheus.
section_header: The story | Characters | Väinämöinen
text: Väinämöinen is associated with playing a kantele, a Finnish stringed instrument that resembles and is played like a zither.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Dunkirk is a war movie that won three out of eight Academy Awards.
Wikipedia page: Dunkirk (2017 film) (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: At the 90th Academy Awards, it received eight nominations, including Best Picture and Best Director (Nolan's first Oscar nomination for directing); it went on to win for Best Sound Editing, Best Sound Mixing, and Best Film Editing.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Zapata was engaged in guerrilla warfare for a time against the Mexican government.
Wikipedia page: Emiliano Zapata (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Carranza consolidates power
text: Zapata fled into the hills as his headquarters were raided, returning after a few months later to organize guerrilla resistance throughout Morelos.
section_header: Guerrilla warfare against Carranza
text: The Convention was finally routed from Toluca, and Carranza was recognized by US President Woodrow Wilson as the head of state of Mexico in October.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Jim Bunning was a native of Nebraska.
Wikipedia page: Jim Bunning (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Education and family
text: Bunning was born in Southgate, Kentucky, the son of Gladys (née Best) and Louis Aloysius Bunning.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Two of Pepin the Short's sons ruled following his death.
Wikipedia page: Pepin the Short (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Pepin died in 768 and was succeeded by his sons Charlemagne and Carloman.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Nap Lajoie was in charge of the Napoleons (Naps) from 1897-1909.
Wikipedia page: Nap Lajoie (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: He managed the Naps from 1905 through 1909.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The chemical element Oxygen is highly inert.
Wikipedia page: Oxygen (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: It is a member of the chalcogen group in the periodic table, a highly reactive nonmetal, and an oxidizing agent that readily forms oxides with most elements as well as with other compounds.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The author of the book, Their Eyes Were Watching God is French.
Wikipedia page: Their Eyes Were Watching God (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Their Eyes Were Watching God is a 1937 novel by American writer Zora Neale Hurston.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Charles Lindbergh was involved with a famous crime, had anti-semetic views and flew for the Air Force in World War ll.
Wikipedia page: Charles Lindbergh (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: He flew 50 missions in the Pacific Theater of World War II as a civilian consultant, but did not take up arms against Germany, and Roosevelt refused to reinstate his Air Corps colonel's commission.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: American baseball player Chuck Klein retired after he didn't do as well with the Cubs as he had with the Phillies and opened a bar.
Wikipedia page: Chuck Klein (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Later life and legacy
text: After retiring, he owned and operated a bar in Kensington, Philadelphia until 1947.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: One of Harmon Killebrew's injuries involved a collision with a player and popping a bone out of place.
Wikipedia page: Harmon Killebrew (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Professional baseball career | Minnesota Twins | 1961–1965
text: During a game against the Orioles, Twins third baseman Rich Rollins made a poor throw to first and while trying to save the play, Killebrew collided with the runner and dislocated his elbow, putting him out of action until mid-September.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Nineteen Eighty-Four is a Novel released in the late 40's.
Wikipedia page: Nineteen Eighty-Four (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: It was published on 8 June 1949 by Secker & Warburg as Orwell's ninth and final book completed in his lifetime.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: American company Wayfair sells outdoor supplies.
Wikipedia page: Wayfair (Technology)
Evidence:
section_header: History | 2002 to 2006
text: In 2003, the company added patio and garden goods suppliers, three online stores, and more than a dozen employees, and relocated the headquarters into an office on Newbury Street, in Boston.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Wars of the Roses were a series of English civil wars between two Royal enemies wanting power in hope of resolving social and money problems.
Wikipedia page: Wars of the Roses (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The power struggle ignited around social and financial troubles following the Hundred Years' War, unfolding the structural problems of bastard feudalism, combined with the mental infirmity and weak rule of King Henry VI which revived interest in the House of York's claim to the throne by Richard of York.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Pope Francis believed in legal execution and imprisonment without parole.
Wikipedia page: Pope Francis (NOCAT)
Evidence:
section_header: Teachings | Capital punishment and life imprisonment
text: During his Urbi et Orbi address in St. Peter's Square, he said "I wish to express my heartfelt closeness to the Christian community of Sri Lanka, wounded as it was gathered in prayer, and to all the victims of such cruel violence." In 2014, Pope Francis proposed the abolition of both capital punishment and life imprisonment in a meeting with representatives of the International Association of Penal Law, suggesting that states should find another way to protect people from aggression, and includes deaths caused by police brutality and extrajudicial punishment.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: My Antonia is the first book of series of novel by American writer Willa Cather.
Wikipedia page: My Antonia (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: It is the final book of her "prairie trilogy" of novels, preceded by O Pioneers!
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Leo was the eldest of his siblings.
Wikipedia page: Leo Durocher (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: Leo Durocher was born in West Springfield, Massachusetts, on July 27, 1905, the youngest of four sons born to French Canadian parents.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Robert Schumann's life was extinguished by complications of cancer.
Wikipedia page: Robert Schumann (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Biography | Final illness and death
text: Given his reported symptoms, one modern view is that he died from syphilis, which he could have contracted during his student days, and which could have remained latent during most of his marriage.
section_header: Biography | Final illness and death
text: According to studies by the musicologist and literary scholar Eric Sams, Schumann's symptoms during his terminal illness and death appear consistent with those of mercury poisoning; mercury was a common treatment for syphilis and other conditions.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Demosthenes grew up with his parents.
Wikipedia page: Demosthenes (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Early years and personal life | Family and personal life
text: Demosthenes was orphaned at the age of seven.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Congress was a meeting to display power politics.
Wikipedia page: Congress of Berlin (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The Congress of Berlin (13 June – 13 July 1878) was a meeting of the representatives of the era's six great powers in Europe (Russia, Great Britain, France, Austria-Hungary, Italy and Germany), the Ottoman Empire and four Balkan states (Greece, Serbia, Romania and Montenegro).
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Trigonometric functions are used in many fields.
Wikipedia page: Cosine (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: They are widely used in all sciences that are related to geometry, such as navigation, solid mechanics, celestial mechanics, geodesy, and many others.
section_header: Summary
text: In mathematics, the trigonometric functions (also called circular functions, angle functions or goniometric functions) are real functions which relate an angle of a right-angled triangle to ratios of two side lengths.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Peterloo Massacre ended with 15 deaths and over 600 injuries after cavalry charged into a crowd of around 60,000 people who had gathered to demand the reform of parliamentary representation.
Wikipedia page: Peterloo Massacre (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Commemorations
text: Under the heading "St. Peter's Fields: The Peterloo Massacre", the new plaque read: On 16th August 1819 a peaceful rally of 60,000 pro-democracy reformers, men, women and children, was attacked by armed cavalry resulting in 15 deaths and over 600 injuries.
section_header: Summary
text: After the end of the Napoleonic Wars in 1815 there was an acute economic slump, accompanied by chronic unemployment and harvest failure, and exacerbated by the Corn Laws, which kept the price of bread high.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Jack Lemmon never finished college.
Wikipedia page: Jack Lemmon (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: After graduation with a degree in War Service Sciences in 1947, he studied acting under coach Uta Hagen at HB Studio in New York City.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Jocko Conlan started his career as an umpire when he was called on to take over for a sick umpire.
Wikipedia page: Jocko Conlan (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Playing career
text: During a game against the St. Louis Browns, umpire Red Ormsby fell ill due to the heat.
section_header: Playing career
text: In those days, only two umpires covered typical regular-season games, and a player with a reputation for honesty might be pressed into service if one umpire became incapacitated.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Ozymandias is are the two sonnets which were produced in the 1800's.
Wikipedia page: Ozymandias (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: "Ozymandias" ( oz-ee-MAN-dee-əs) is the title of two related sonnets published in 1818.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: William Wallace's story was told in a 1990s movie.
Wikipedia page: William Wallace (History)
Evidence:
section_header: In popular culture | Film
text: A well-known account of Wallace's life is presented in the film Braveheart (1995), directed by and starring Mel Gibson as Wallace, written by Randall Wallace, and filmed in Scotland and Ireland.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Tang Dynasty's highest ranked people wore pale blue.
Wikipedia page: Tang Dynasty (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Culture and society | Status in clothing
text: The color of the clothing also indicated rank. " Purple colored clothes were used by officials above the third grade; light red were meant for officials above the fifth grade; dark green was limited to the sixth grade and above officials; light green was solely for officials above the seventh grade; dark cyan was exclusive for officials above the eighth grade; light cyan garments adorned officials above the ninth grade.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Gregg's dad served in the military.
Wikipedia page: Greg Maddux (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: Maddux was born in San Angelo, Texas and spent much of his childhood in Madrid, Spain, where the United States Air Force stationed his father.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Some of Andre Dawson's family members were disappointed in his confidence on the field, or lack there of, as a child.
Wikipedia page: Andre Dawson (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Nickname
text: Andre's uncle told him that most kids his age would shy away from the ball, but Andre attacked the ball like a hawk.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Canal is now more than twice as wide and deep as it began.
Wikipedia page: Erie Canal (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: 20th century
text: In sections that did not consist of canalized rivers (particularly between Rochester and Buffalo), the original Erie Canal channel was enlarged to 120 feet (37 m) wide and 12 feet (3.7 m) deep.
section_header: Enlargements and improvements
text: During this massive series of construction projects, known as the First Enlargement, the canal was widened from 40 to 70 feet (12 to 21 m) and deepened from 4 to 7 feet (1.2 to 2.1 m).
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Graduate movie is based on a book the was released in 1961.
Wikipedia page: The Graduate (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The Graduate is a 1967 American romantic comedy-drama film directed by Mike Nichols and written by Buck Henry and Calder Willingham, based on the 1963 novel of the same name by Charles Webb, who wrote it shortly after graduating from Williams College.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: American composer Billy Joel released 13 albums.
Wikipedia page: Billy Joel (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Commonly nicknamed the "Piano Man" after his first major hit and signature song of the same name, he has led a commercially successful career as a solo artist since the 1970s, having released 12 studio albums from 1971 to 1993 as well as one studio album in 2001.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Golgi apparatus is also called  secretion synthesizer.
Wikipedia page: Golgi apparatus (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The Golgi apparatus, also known as the Golgi complex, Golgi body, or simply the Golgi, is an organelle found in most eukaryotic cells.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: No one has figured out how exactly mag fields work.
Wikipedia page: Magnetic field (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: History
text: Albert Einstein, in his paper of 1905 that established relativity, showed that both the electric and magnetic fields are part of the same phenomena viewed from different reference frames. (See moving magnet and conductor problem for details about the thought experiment that eventually helped Albert Einstein to develop special relativity.) Finally, the emergent field of quantum mechanics was merged with electrodynamics to form quantum electrodynamics (QED).
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Only one spacecraft has visited the planet and Neptune has more than 13 moons.
Wikipedia page: Neptune (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Exploration
text: Voyager 2 is the only spacecraft that has visited Neptune.
section_header: Moons
text: Neptune has 14 known moons. Triton is the largest Neptunian moon, comprising more than 99.5% of the mass in orbit around Neptune, and it is the only one massive enough to be spheroidal.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Some Nematodes can be over a meter long.
Wikipedia page: Nematoda (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Anatomy
text: The smallest nematodes are microscopic, while free-living species can reach as much as 5 cm (2 in), and some parasitic species are larger still, reaching over 1 m (3 ft) in length.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Torque is the equal to linear gravity of an object and also the product of the magnitude of the force.
Wikipedia page: Torque (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Torque is the rotational equivalent of linear force.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The show has not been a nominee for any honors.
Wikipedia page: The Walking Dead (TV series) (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: It has been nominated for several awards, including the Writers Guild of America Award for New Series and the Golden Globe Award for Best Television Series – Drama.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Ross Young did reject American football grants because he liked more baseball.
Wikipedia page: Ross Youngs (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life and minor leagues
text: His father was a railroad worker, but suffered disability and moved his family to San Antonio where he worked as a rancher.
section_header: Early life and minor leagues
text: He received offers for scholarships to play college football but passed on these, as he preferred baseball.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Albert Fall lived at the Three Rivers Ranch in the Tularosa Basin when two of his four children passed away a month apart from each other.
Wikipedia page: Albert B. Fall (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life and family
text: Jack Fall and his sister Caroline died within a week of each other during the influenza epidemic that swept the world in 1918.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: China has been the center of multiple infectious outbreaks.
Wikipedia page: China (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Demographics | Health
text: China's large population and densely populated cities have led to serious disease outbreaks in recent years, such as the 2003 outbreak of SARS, although this has since been largely contained.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Menotti is the creator of the opera "Christmas Eve".
Wikipedia page: Gian Carlo Menotti (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: He wrote the classic Christmas opera Amahl and the Night Visitors, along with over two dozen other operas intended to appeal to popular taste.
section_header: Career as composer
text: In 1951, Menotti wrote his Christmas opera Amahl and the Night Visitors for NBC.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The character of Marian in the musical The Music Man was inspired by one of Meredith Willson's elementary instructors in Iowa.
Wikipedia page: The Music Man (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Background
text: The character Marian Paroo was inspired by Marian Seeley of Provo, Utah, who met Willson during World War II, when Seeley was a medical records librarian.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Liverpool F.C. fans have been a part of 2 extreme tragedies.
Wikipedia page: Liverpool F.C. (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The club's supporters have been involved in two major tragedies: the Heysel Stadium disaster, where escaping fans were pressed against a collapsing wall at the 1985 European Cup Final in Brussels, with 39 people – mostly Italians and Juventus fans – dying, after which English clubs were given a five-year ban from European competition; and the Hillsborough disaster in 1989, where 96 Liverpool supporters died in a crush against perimeter fencing, which led to the elimination of fenced standing terraces in favour of all-seater stadiums in the top two tiers of English football.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Ryne Sandberg was the first male nurse in Dallas.
Wikipedia page: Ryne Sandberg (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: Born and raised in Spokane, Washington, Sandberg's parents were Elizabeth, a nurse, and Derwent D. "Sandy" Sandberg, a mortician.
section_header: Summary
text: Ryne Dee Sandberg (born September 18, 1959), nicknamed "Ryno", is an American former professional baseball player, coach, and manager.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Pie Traynor got his nickname because he won a pie eating contest in the Cape Cod Baseball League.
Wikipedia page: Pie Traynor (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: He received his nickname as a child in Somerville, Massachusetts, because he frequented a grocery store and often asked for pie.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: When she made Cleopatra, Elizabeth Taylor earned more money than other actresses of her time.
Wikipedia page: Elizabeth Taylor (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Acting career | Cleopatra and other films with Richard Burton (1961–1967)
text: She became the first actress to be paid $1 million for a role; Fox also granted her 10% of the film's profits, as well as shooting the film in Todd-AO, a widescreen format for which she had inherited the rights from Mike Todd.
section_header: Acting career | Cleopatra and other films with Richard Burton (1961–1967)
text: After completing her MGM contract, Taylor starred in 20th Century-Fox's Cleopatra (1963).
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Martel was the grandfather of Charlemagne.
Wikipedia page: Charles Martel (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Charles' grandson, Charlemagne, extended the Frankish realms, and became the first emperor in the West since the fall of Rome.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The 1961 Stranger in a Strange Land has three major versions because of revisions made by the author.
Wikipedia page: Stranger in a Strange Land (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Publication history
text: Two major versions of this book exist: The 1961 version which, at the publisher's request, Heinlein cut by 25% in length.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The 2008 Pixar Animation Studios movie Incredibles 2 lost to Spider Man for the Golden Globes.
Wikipedia page: Incredibles 2 (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Incredibles 2 is a 2018 American computer-animated superhero film produced by Pixar Animation Studios and released by Walt Disney Pictures.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: During a game, George Kell was once hit in the face with a baseball that broke a bone.
Wikipedia page: George Kell (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Broadcasting | Broadcasting style
text: A favorite story of his was about the incident when his jaw was broken by a line drive off the bat of Joe DiMaggio.
section_header: Broadcasting | Broadcasting style
text: "I got up, made the play at third, then passed out." He would also recount his early career interactions with the Hall of Fame owner and 50+ year manager of the Philadelphia Athletics, Connie Mack, whom he always referenced respectfully as “Mr. Mack”.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Felix Mendelssohn grew up Jewish.
Wikipedia page: Felix Mendelssohn (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Life | Childhood
text: Until his baptism at age seven, Mendelssohn was brought up largely without religion.
section_header: Summary
text: He was brought up without religion until the age of seven, when he was baptised as a Reformed Christian.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: House is known as many things including a shelter.
Wikipedia page: House (NOCAT)
Evidence:
section_header: Etymology
text: The English word house derives directly from the Old English hus meaning "dwelling, shelter, home, house," which in turn derives from Proto-Germanic husan (reconstructed by etymological analysis) which is of unknown origin.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation fell under scrutiny in the mid 2000s due to donating to companies that seemed to work in opposition to their public stated goals for the foundation.
Wikipedia page: Bill Gates (Technology)
Evidence:
section_header: Philanthropy | Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation
text: In 2007, the Los Angeles Times criticized the foundation for investing its assets in companies that have been accused of worsening poverty, pollution and pharmaceutical firms that do not sell to developing countries.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Vikings never attacked again in the 890s after the 880s quiet years of Alfred's life .
Wikipedia page: Alfred the Great (History)
Evidence:
section_header: King at war | Viking attacks (890s)
text: After another lull, in the autumn of 892 or 893, the Danes attacked again.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: American actress Mila Kunis married her costar from a TV sitcom.
Wikipedia page: Mila Kunis (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Personal life | Relationships
text: Show co-star Ashton Kutcher in April 2012.
section_header: Personal life | Relationships
text: "Kunis began dating her former That '70s
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Charlie Sheen announcing to the world that he had HIV led to increased testing among the public.
Wikipedia page: Charlie Sheen (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Activism | The Charlie Sheen effect
text: later study found Sheen's disclosure corresponded with a 95% increase in over-the-counter at-home HIV testing kits.
section_header: Activism | The Charlie Sheen effect
text: Sheen's HIV-positive disclosure corresponded with the greatest number of HIV-related Google searches ever recorded in the United States.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The British rock band Dire Straits are in the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and their most successful album sold more than 30 million copies.
Wikipedia page: Dire Straits (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Their most commercially successful album, Brothers in Arms (1985), has sold more than 30 million copies; it was the first album to sell a million copies on compact disc,  and is the eighth-bestselling album in UK history.
section_header: Summary
text: Dire Straits were a British rock band formed in London in 1977 by Mark Knopfler (lead vocals and lead guitar), David Knopfler (rhythm guitar and backing vocals), John Illsley (bass guitar and backing vocals), and Pick Withers (drums and percussion).
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Taylor Swift said that she has Greek roots.
Wikipedia page: Taylor Swift (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Life and career | 1989–2003: Early life
text: Swift, who said she has Scottish heritage, was named after the singer-songwriter James Taylor.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Kalevala is considered one of the most significant works of Danish literature and is a 19th century work of epic poetry written by Elias Lönnrot.
Wikipedia page: Kalevala (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: It is regarded as the national epic of Karelia and Finland and is one of the most significant works of Finnish literature.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Yelp lists reviews about businesses.
Wikipedia page: Yelp (Technology)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The company develops, hosts, and markets the Yelp.com website and the Yelp mobile app, which publish crowd-sourced reviews about businesses.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: William Wallace made both notable interactive story appearances as the main character of Action/RPGs.
Wikipedia page: William Wallace (History)
Evidence:
section_header: In popular culture | Gaming
text: Wallace is the subject and protagonist of the tutorial campaign in realtime strategy game Age of Empires II.
section_header: In popular culture | Gaming
text: Wallace is the protagonist of the Britain campaign in realtime strategy game Medieval II: Total War: Kingdoms.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Viruses can be safely fought with antibiotics.
Wikipedia page: Virus (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: History
text: The development of bacterial resistance to antibiotics has renewed interest in the therapeutic use of bacteriophages.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Alexander the Great named a city in honor of his horse.
Wikipedia page: Alexander the Great (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life | Lineage and childhood
text: When the animal died (because of old age, according to Plutarch, at age thirty), Alexander named a city after him, Bucephala.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Will Harridge was an honest man that was very lenient.
Wikipedia page: Will Harridge (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Baseball career
text: Harridge decided that Veeck was making a mockery of baseball and cancelled Gaedel's contract the next day.
section_header: Later life
text: In 1967, Harridge was driving through Wilmette when he struck and killed architect Barry Byrne of Evanston.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Demi Lovato's popularity skyrocketed as Mitchie Torres in the film Camp Rock.
Wikipedia page: Demi Lovato (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: After appearing on the children's television series Barney & Friends (2002–2004), she rose to prominence for her role as Mitchie Torres in the Disney Channel musical television film Camp Rock (2008) and its sequel Camp Rock 2: The Final Jam (2010).
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: "Arky" Vaughan died with his daughter Patricia while falling overboard in a swift stream of water in California.
Wikipedia page: Arky Vaughan (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Personal life
text: On August 30, 1952, Vaughan was fishing in nearby Lost Lake, with his friend Bill Wimer.
section_header: Personal life
text: According to a witness, Wimer stood up in the boat, causing it to capsize, and both men drowned.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Emperor Jones is about a man who escapes to an island and makes himself an "Emperor".
Wikipedia page: The Emperor Jones (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Synopsis
text: The Emperor Jones is about an American Negro, a Pullman porter who escapes to an island in the West Indies.
section_header: Summary
text: The Emperor Jones is a 1920 play by American dramatist Eugene O'Neill that tells the tale of Brutus Jones, a resourceful, self-assured African American and a former Pullman porter, who kills another black man in a dice game, is jailed, and later escapes to a small, backward Caribbean island where he sets himself up as emperor.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Patton had school at his house for a period of time.
Wikipedia page: Patton (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: He was tutored from home until the age of eleven, when he was enrolled in Stephen Clark's School for Boys, a private school in Pasadena, for six years.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Getulio Vargas was president of Brazil twice.
Wikipedia page: Getulio Vargas (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Getúlio Dornelles Vargas (Portuguese: [ʒeˈtulju doʁˈnɛlis ˈvaʁɡɐs]; 19 April 1882 – 24 August 1954) was a Brazilian lawyer and politician, who served as president during two periods: the first was from 1930 to 1945, when he served as interim president from 1930 to 1934, constitutional president from 1934 to 1937, and dictator from 1937 to 1945.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Master Builder was performed for the first time in Germany.
Wikipedia page: The Master Builder (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Performance
text: The play was published by  Gyldendal AS in Copenhagen in 1892 and its first performance was on 19 January 1893 at the Lessing Theatre in Berlin, with Emanuel Reicher as Solness.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Captain Marvel film was released in 2019.
Wikipedia page: Captain Marvel (film) (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Captain Marvel premiered in London on February 27, 2019, and was theatrically released in the United States on March 8, as part of Phase Three of the MCU.
section_header: Summary
text: Captain Marvel is a 2019 American superhero film based on the Marvel Comics character Carol Danvers.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Nine weeks before filming for The King's Speech began, Lionel Logue's notebooks were discovered and quotations from them were incorporated into the script and even included a minute-long scene where Logue encourages the King to shout profanities, which he could do without stuttering.
Wikipedia page: The King's Speech (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Colin Firth plays the future King George VI who, to cope with a stammer, sees Lionel Logue, an Australian speech and language therapist played by Geoffrey Rush.
section_header: Release | Ratings controversy
text: The film was initially given a 15 certificate by the British Board of Film Classification, due to a minute-long scene where Logue encourages the King to shout profanities, which he could do without stuttering.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Queen Victoria was ruler of the United Kingdom and Ireland and also the Empress of India from 1837 until her death.
Wikipedia page: Queen Victoria (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Empress of India
text: Disraeli also pushed the Royal Titles Act 1876 through Parliament, so that Victoria took the title "Empress of India" from 1 May 1876.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Epcot's opening day was July of 1991.
Wikipedia page: Epcot (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: History | 1980s: Opening and operation | Dedication
text: The theme park opened on October 1, 1982.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The film Captain America: Civil War was the least successful film in the Marvel Cinematic Universe.
Wikipedia page: Captain America: Civil War (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Reception | Box office | Other territories
text: For IMAX in its second weekend, Captain America: Civil War earned $31 million, a new record for a day-and-date opening for a Marvel film.
section_header: Reception | Box office | United States and Canada
text: Two weeks ahead of its release, Fandango announced that the film outsold all previous Marvel Cinematic Universe films at the same point in the sales cycle, and by its opening week, had reached the highest advance sales for a superhero film, representing 90% of the site's weekend ticket sales.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Half of the people that attended the Seneca Falls Convention wrote their signature on the women's right to vote document.
Wikipedia page: Seneca Falls Convention (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Exactly 100 of approximately 300 attendees signed the document, mostly women.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Ed Sheeran birthplace is Edinburgh, Scotland and grew up on Birchcliffe Road.
Wikipedia page: Ed Sheeran (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: Edward Christopher Sheeran was born in Halifax, West Yorkshire, England on 17 February 1991.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The baseball pitcher John Clarkson had two brothers who were also major league pitchers and together they rank first in wins by any sibling group.
Wikipedia page: John Clarkson (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Early years
text: The three Clarkson brothers rank third in wins by brothers behind the Niekro and Perry brothers.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: In 2014, the company wanted to buy Samsung for $10 billion.
Wikipedia page: Microsoft (Technology)
Evidence:
section_header: History | 2011–2014: Windows 8/8.1, Xbox One, Outlook.com, and Surface devices
text: On September 3, 2013, Microsoft agreed to buy Nokia's mobile unit for $7 billion, following Amy Hood taking the role of CFO.
section_header: History | 2014–present: Windows 10, Microsoft Edge and HoloLens
text: On April 25, 2014, Microsoft acquired Nokia Devices and Services for $7.2 billion.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Cannery Row is a main beach road in Key West, Florida.
Wikipedia page: Cannery Row (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Cannery Row is the waterfront street in the New Monterey section of Monterey, California.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The movie Iron Man 3 is the 6th biggest grossing opening weekend and second in 2013 overall.
Wikipedia page: Iron Man 3 (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Reception | Box office
text: It achieved the sixth-largest worldwide opening weekend with $372.5 million.
section_header: Summary
text: The film was a box office success, grossing over $1.2 billion worldwide making it the second highest-grossing film of 2013 and the sixteenth film to gross over $1 billion.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Washington advised a few presidents of the US during his career.
Wikipedia page: Booker T. Washington (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Booker Taliaferro Washington (April 18, 1856 – November 14, 1915) was an American educator, author, orator, and adviser to multiple presidents of the United States.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Tom Cruise grew up with three other siblings.
Wikipedia page: Tom Cruise (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: Cruise has three sisters named Lee Anne, Marian, and Cass.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The American professional baseball player William Arthur "Candy" stood 5'9" and was the first player to complete two games in a day.
Wikipedia page: Candy Cummings (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Major league career
text: Among other records, Cummings was the first player to record two complete games in one day: September 9, 1876 when he beat the Cincinnati Reds twice, 14–4 and 8–4.Cummings left the NL after pitching only 19 games with the Cincinnati Reds to become the President of the new International Association for Professional Base Ball Players.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Landis was the first Baseball commissioner.
Wikipedia page: Kenesaw Landis (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Kenesaw Mountain Landis (; November 20, 1866 – November 25, 1944) was an American jurist who served as a United States federal judge from 1905 to 1922 and the first Commissioner of Baseball from 1920 until his death.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Frick had only one kid.
Wikipedia page: Ford Frick (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Personal life
text: His son Fred attended Fordham Preparatory School with future baseball executive Buzzie Bavasi.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: A Defect in the troops' rifles is the uncontested reason for Custer's loss in the Battle of the Little Bighorn.
Wikipedia page: Battle of the Little Bighorn (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Weapons | Lever-action repeaters vs. single-shot breechloaders | Malfunction of the Springfield carbine extractor mechanism
text: The question as to whether the reported malfunction of the Model 1873 Springfield carbine issued to the 7th Cavalry contributed to their defeat has been debated for years.
section_header: Weapons | Lever-action repeaters vs. single-shot breechloaders | Malfunction of the Springfield carbine extractor mechanism
text: That the weapon experienced jamming of the extractor is not contested, but its contribution to Custer's defeat is considered negligible.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Zora Neale Hurston was an author on hoodoo.
Wikipedia page: Zora Neale Hurston (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: She portrayed racial struggles in the early-1900s American South and published research on hoodoo.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The film Dallas Buyers Club was based on an actual person.
Wikipedia page: Dallas Buyers Club (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Production | Development
text: The film is based on the real life of Ron Woodroof, a patient of HIV and AIDS, who was the subject of a lengthy 1992 article in The Dallas Morning News written by journalist and author Bill Minutaglio.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Phil Knight didn't initially like the Nike logo.
Wikipedia page: Phil Knight (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Career | Nike Inc.
text: According to Nike's website, Knight said at the time: "I don't love it, but it will grow on me." In September 1983, Davidson was given an undisclosed amount of Nike stock for her contribution to the company's brand.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: After he retired, Lefty Gomez declined lucrative speaking engagements because of a slight speech impediment.
Wikipedia page: Lefty Gomez (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: After baseball
text: In retirement, Gomez became a sought-after dinner speaker known for his humorous anecdotes about his playing days and the personalities he knew.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: This novel was adapted into at least three other forms of media.
Wikipedia page: A Death in the Family (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Adaptations
text: William Mayer wrote an opera based on the novel; it premiered in 1983.
section_header: Adaptations
text: A PBS TV movie version, filmed in Tennessee and starring Annabeth Gish, aired in 2002.Samuel Barber wrote Knoxville: Summer of 1915 (1947, revised 1950) on commission from the American soprano Eleanor Steber, who had asked for a work for soprano with orchestra.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Road Not Taken has no major points of ambiguity in its writing.
Wikipedia page: The Road Not Taken (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Analysis
text: , it may be seen as an expression of regret or of satisfaction, but there is significance in the difference between what the speaker has just said of the two roads, and what he will say in the future.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Sorrows of Young Werther is about the extravagant love life of Johann Wolfgang von Goethe.
Wikipedia page: The Sorrows of Young Werther (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Plot summary
text: Most of The Sorrows of Young Werther, a story about unrequited love, is presented as a collection of letters written by Werther, a young artist of a sensitive and passionate temperament, to his friend Wilhelm.
Verdict: REFUTES