tasksource/fool-me-twice huggingface dataset:
Claim: There is a second novel that is widely accepted and completely serious, though it's written by a different author.
Wikipedia page: Journey to the West (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Sequels
text: The brief satirical novel Xiyoubu (西游补, "A Supplement to the Journey to the West", c. 1640) follows Sun Wukong as he is trapped in a magical dream world created by the Qing Fish Demon, the embodiment of desire (情, qing).
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: During the Hundred Days in 1815, Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington, was defeated at the Battle of Waterloo and saw action in Romania and in Norway while publishing an essay on the campaigns
Wikipedia page: Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: He ended the Napoleonic Wars when he defeated Napoleon at the Battle of Waterloo in 1815.
section_header: Summary
text: He was a colonel by 1796 and saw action in the Netherlands and in India, where he fought in the Fourth Anglo-Mysore War at the Battle of Seringapatam.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Can you imagine that the book Watership Down is talking about rabbits.
Wikipedia page: Watership Down (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Set in southern England, around Hampshire, the story features a small group of rabbits.
section_header: Origin and publication history
text: The title refers to the rabbits' destination, Watership Down, a hill in the north of Hampshire, England, near the area where Adams grew up.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Josh Gibson was an American Negro league baseball catcher and  was considered to be among the very best power pitchers and catchers in the history of any league, even going on to becoming the second Negro league player to be inducted in the National Baseball Hall of Fame.
Wikipedia page: Josh Gibson (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Joshua Gibson (c. December 21, 1911 – January 20, 1947) was an American Negro league baseball catcher.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Kenesaw Landis was not fond of being an early riser when he was a farmer.
Wikipedia page: Kenesaw Landis (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life and pre-judicial career (1866–1905) | Boyhood and early career (1866–1893)
text: As "Kenny", as he was sometimes known, grew, he did an increasing share of the farm work, later stating, "I did my share—and it was a substantial share—in taking care of the 13 acres ... I do not remember that I particularly liked to get up at 3:30 in the morning." Kenesaw began his off-farm career at age ten as a news delivery boy.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: In American Sniper, main character Kyle has a comrade called "Biggles".
Wikipedia page: American Sniper (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Plot
text: On Kyle's third tour, Mustafa seriously injures a unit member, Ryan "Biggles" Job, and the unit is evacuated back to base.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Girls' Generation consist of 2 members less than 10.
Wikipedia page: Girls' Generation (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The group is composed of eight members: Taeyeon, Sunny, Tiffany, Hyoyeon, Yuri, Sooyoung, Yoona, and Seohyun.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Hunchback of Notre Dame refers to a cathedral.
Wikipedia page: The Hunchback of Notre Dame (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Title
text: The novel's original French title, Notre-Dame de Paris, refers to Notre Dame Cathedral, on which the story is centered.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Venice lies towards the south western part of Italy.
Wikipedia page: Venice (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Venice (; Italian: Venezia [veˈnɛttsja] (listen); Venetian: Venesia or Venexia [veˈnɛsja]) is a city in northeastern Italy and the capital of the Veneto region.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Viral infections in animals tend to make them ill.
Wikipedia page: Virus (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: This can be narrow, meaning a virus is capable of infecting few species, or broad, meaning it is capable of infecting many.
section_header: Summary
text: Viral infections in animals provoke an immune response that usually eliminates the infecting virus.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Jack Lemmon was Dutch descent from his father.
Wikipedia page: Jack Lemmon (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: John Uhler Lemmon II was of Irish heritage, and Jack Lemmon was raised Catholic.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Out of Africa is an account of the author's time while in Africa.
Wikipedia page: Out of Africa (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The book, first published in 1937, recounts events of the seventeen years when Blixen made her home in Kenya, then called British East Africa.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Anne of Green Gables is a children's novel and is about a teenager girl that lives in Canada.
Wikipedia page: Anne of Green Gables (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Set in the late 19th century, the novel recounts the adventures of Anne Shirley, an 11-year-old orphan girl, who is mistakenly sent to two middle-aged siblings, Matthew and Marilla Cuthbert, who had originally intended to adopt a boy to help them on their farm in the fictional town of Avonlea on Prince Edward Island, Canada.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Theatergoers have found some of the main themes in The Merchant of Venice upseting, and criticize them as being stereotypical and an unfair representation of Jewish culture.
Wikipedia page: The Merchant of Venice (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Adaptations and cultural references | Cultural references
text: The play continues the story of Shylock's daughter Jessica, who lives in an anti-semitic Venice and practices her Jewish faith in secret.
section_header: Themes | Shylock and the antisemitism debate
text: Critics today still continue to argue over the play's stance on the Jews and Judaism.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Custer succeeded General Merritt in the Battle of Washita River.
Wikipedia page: George Armstrong Custer (History)
Evidence:
section_header: American Indian Wars
text: The Battle of Washita River was regarded as the first substantial U.S. victory in the Southern Plains War, and it helped force a significant portion of the Southern Cheyenne onto a U.S.-assigned reservation.
section_header: Personal life
text: In November 1868, following the Battle of Washita River, Custer was alleged (by Captain Frederick Benteen, chief of scouts Ben Clark, and Cheyenne oral tradition) to have unofficially married Mo-nah-se-tah, daughter of the Cheyenne chief Little Rock in the winter or early spring of 1868–1869 (Little Rock was killed in the one-day action at Washita on November 27).
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: This novel is about a man who takes a nap after going bowling with ghosts.
Wikipedia page: Rip van Winkle (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Characters
text: Ninepin bowlers - The ghosts of Henry Hudson's crewmen from his ship, the Half-Moon; they share purple magic liquor with Rip Van Winkle and play a game of nine-pins.
section_header: Summary
text: He awakes 20 years later to a very changed world, having missed the American Revolution.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: All parts of Gobekli Tepe have been excavated since 2010.
Wikipedia page: Göbekli Tepe (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The excavations have been ongoing since 1996 by the German Archaeological Institute, but large parts still remain unexcavated.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: After the modern plague set in, Airbnb protected its employees and made sure that no more than 5% of them lost jobs.
Wikipedia page: Airbnb (Technology)
Evidence:
section_header: COVID-19 response
text: In a letter to employees, CEO Brian Chesky said the company was letting 1,900 of its 7,500 workers go due to the COVID-19 pandemic and cutting businesses that don't directly support home-sharing.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: World War I was called the Great War or "the war to end war" but it was followed by another 20 years later.
Wikipedia page: World War I (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Names
text: This is the Great War." Contemporary Europeans also referred to it as "the war to end war" or "the war to end all wars" due to their perception of its then-unparalleled scale and devastation.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The producers of The Hurt Locker attempted to extract one thousand five hundred dollars each from thousands of unspecified people that they suspected of stealing their film over the web.
Wikipedia page: The Hurt Locker (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Lawsuits | Copyright infringement lawsuit
text: On May 28, 2010, it filed a complaint against 5,000 unidentified BitTorrent users in the United States District Court for the District of Columbia; Voltage announced its intention to demand $1,500 from each defendant to release him or her from the suit.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: There are Echinodermata that live so deep in the ocean that they never contact sunlight.
Wikipedia page: Echinodermata (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Echinoderms are found at every ocean depth, from the intertidal zone to the abyssal zone.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Thomas Nast played semi-pro ball before he became a political cartoonist.
Wikipedia page: Thomas Nast (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life and education
text: In 1854, at the age of 14, he was enrolled for about a year of study with Alfred Fredericks and Theodore Kaufmann, and then at the school of the National Academy of Design.
section_header: Early life and education
text: In 1856, he started working as a draftsman for Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: One of the character's, Lucky, cannot form coherent thoughts unless he has a cover on his head.
Wikipedia page: Waiting for Godot (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Characters | Vladimir and Estragon
text: "The hat-passing game in Waiting for Godot and Lucky's inability to think without his hat on are two obvious Beckett derivations from Laurel and Hardy – a substitution of form for essence, covering for reality", wrote Gerald Mast in The Comic Mind: Comedy and the Movies.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Edd Roush started with the Chicago White Sox and ended with the Cincinnati Reds in 1931.
Wikipedia page: Edd Roush (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Professional baseball career | Early career
text: Roush made his major league debut on August 20, 1913 for the Chicago White Sox.
section_header: Professional baseball career | Later career
text: He was contacted by Reds President Sidney Weil to play for the team in 1931.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The novel won the Nobel Prize and it is in 45 languages.
Wikipedia page: Things Fall Apart (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Literary significance and reception
text: The novel has been translated into more than 50 languages, and is often used in literature, world history, and African studies courses across the world.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The 1878 novel Daisy Miller was turned into a radio drama in 1917.
Wikipedia page: Daisy Miller (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Derivative works
text: The novella was adapted in 2017 as a five-part radio drama on BBC Radio 4 for its 15 Minute Drama's "Love Henry James" series.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The novel was written in the 1960s.
Wikipedia page: Things Fall Apart (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Things Fall Apart is the debut novel by Nigerian author Chinua Achebe, first published in 1958.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Nikita Khrushchev grew up in a rich family.
Wikipedia page: Nikita Khrushchev (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Party official | Donbas years
text: The family was poor, according to Nina's own recollections.
section_header: Early years
text: His parents, Sergei Khrushchev and Xeniya Khrushcheva, were poor peasants of Russian origin, and had a daughter two years Nikita's junior, Irina.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Joe Sewell is on record as one of the worst professional baseball players in terms of batting average but was an outstanding outfielder.
Wikipedia page: Joe Sewell (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Career
text: His 167.7 at-bats per strikeout in 1932 is still a single-season record.
section_header: Summary
text: Joseph Wheeler Sewell (October 9, 1898 – March 6, 1990) was a Major League Baseball infielder for the Cleveland Indians and New York Yankees.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Ivan the Terrible, the first Tsar of Russia, married into the Romanovna family and he ruled when Moscow was burned.
Wikipedia page: Ivan the Terrible (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The later years of Ivan's reign were also marked by the Massacre of Novgorod and the burning of Moscow by Tatars.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Marlow has a fixation with a trader of ivory in the novella and is fascinated by blank spots on maps as a kid.
Wikipedia page: Heart of Darkness (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: This setting provides the frame for Marlow's story of his obsession with the successful ivory trader Kurtz.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Osborne Smith was nicknamed "The Wizard" for his awesome backflips.
Wikipedia page: Ozzie Smith (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Nicknamed "The Wizard" for his defensive brilliance, Smith set major league records for career assists (8,375) and double plays (1,590) by a shortstop (the latter since broken by Omar Vizquel), as well as the National League (NL) record with 2,511 career games at the position; Smith won the NL Gold Glove Award for play at shortstop for 13 consecutive seasons (1980–1992).
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Red Faber was a pitcher for the White Sox and was allowed to use the spitball in the AL.
Wikipedia page: Red Faber (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Urban Clarence "Red" Faber (September 6, 1888 – September 25, 1976) was an American right-handed pitcher in Major League Baseball from 1914 through 1933, playing his entire career for the Chicago White Sox.
section_header: Summary
text: At the time of his retirement, he was the last legal spitballer in the American League; another legal spitballer, Burleigh Grimes, was later traded to the AL and appeared in 10 games for the Yankees in 1934.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Chester Alan Arthur, the 21st president of the United States, was disdained by the people of his time and publicly made fun of by Mark Twain.
Wikipedia page: Chester A. Arthur (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Election of 1880
text: The New York World summed up Arthur's presidency at his death in 1886: "No duty was neglected in his administration, and no adventurous project alarmed the nation." Mark Twain wrote of him, "It would be hard indeed to better President Arthur's administration." Conkling and his fellow Stalwarts, including Arthur, wished to follow up their 1879 success at the 1880 Republican National Convention by securing the nomination for their ally, ex-President Grant.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Heart of Darkness has inspired the production of a film.
Wikipedia page: Heart of Darkness (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Reception
text: Heart of Darkness is criticised in postcolonial studies, particularly by Nigerian novelist Chinua Achebe.
section_header: Summary
text: It provided the inspiration for Francis Ford Coppola's 1979 film Apocalypse Now.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Tony Lazzeri is from Sicily and trained to be a prizefighter.
Wikipedia page: Tony Lazzeri (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Lazzeri was born and raised in San Francisco, California.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The duration of life for the citizens of Mexico doubled from the late 19th century till the start of the 21st century.
Wikipedia page: Mexico (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Demographics
text: Life expectancy went from 36 years (in 1895) to 72 years (in the year 2000).
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Ernest Banks started his MLB career with the Boston Red Sox.
Wikipedia page: Ernie Banks (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: MLB career | Early career
text: Banks signed with the Chicago Cubs in late 1953, making his major league debut on September 17 at age 22 and playing in 10 games at Wrigley Field.
section_header: Summary
text: Ernest Banks (January 31, 1931 – January 23, 2015), nicknamed "Mr. Cub" and "Mr. Sunshine", was an American professional baseball player who starred in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a shortstop and first baseman for the Chicago Cubs between 1953 and 1971.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Rains Came is a movie based on a novel and a remake was called The Rains Poured Down.
Wikipedia page: The Rains Came (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: A remake of the film was released in 1955 under the name The Rains of Ranchipur.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: It was one of the smalest Maya cities.
Wikipedia page: Chichen Itza (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Chichen Itza was one of the largest Maya cities and it was likely to have been one of the mythical great cities, or Tollans, referred to in later Mesoamerican literature.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Thomas Paine almost died on his journey to America.
Wikipedia page: Thomas Paine (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life and education | In Pennsylvania Magazine
text: Paine barely survived the transatlantic voyage.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Bob Feller was an American baseball pitcher who played 18 seasons in Major League Baseball played a total of 570 games.
Wikipedia page: Bob Feller (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: In a career spanning 570 games, Feller pitched 3,827 innings and posted a win–loss record of 266–162, with 279 complete games, 44 shutouts, and a 3.25 earned run average (ERA).
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Ed Sheeran is German descent from his father's side.
Wikipedia page: Ed Sheeran (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: His paternal grandparents are Irish, and Sheeran has stated that his father is from a "very large" Catholic family.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Dandridge earned his moniker from his father because he always wore suspenders and squatted in the outfield
Wikipedia page: Ray Dandridge (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: Dandridge became known for his short, bowed legs, which later led to nicknames including "Hooks" and "Squat".
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Austro-Bohemian Romantic composer Gustav Mahler was discouraged by his parents from pursuing music.
Wikipedia page: Gustav Mahler (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Biography | Early life | Student days
text: Bernhard Mahler supported his son's ambitions for a music career, and agreed that the boy should try for a place at the Vienna Conservatory.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Hampi translates to mountain.
Wikipedia page: Hampi (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Origin
text: Hampi or Hampe is from Old Kannada word Pampaa which means big or great.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Kevin Hart plays a lead role in Gosford Park.
Wikipedia page: Gosford Park (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The film stars an ensemble cast, which includes Eileen Atkins, Bob Balaban, Alan Bates, Charles Dance, Stephen Fry, Michael Gambon, Richard E. Grant, Derek Jacobi, Kelly Macdonald, Helen Mirren, Jeremy Northam, Clive Owen, Ryan Phillippe, Maggie Smith, Kristin Scott Thomas, and Emily Watson.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Spartacus is based on a made up character.
Wikipedia page: Spartacus (film) (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: It is inspired by the life story of Spartacus, the leader of a slave revolt in antiquity, and the events of the Third Servile War.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Les Fleurs du Mal focuses on several topics.
Wikipedia page: Les Fleurs du Mal (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The poems deal with themes relating to decadence and eroticism.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The novel, The House of Mirth was written by a United States national.
Wikipedia page: The House of Mirth (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The House of Mirth is a 1905 novel by American author Edith Wharton.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Nuclear fusion is a reaction that releases energy
Wikipedia page: Nuclear fusion (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Process
text: Energy released in most nuclear reactions is much larger than in chemical reactions, because the binding energy that holds a nucleus together is greater than the energy that holds electrons to a nucleus.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Channel Tunnel was built in the early 1900s and has three crossways.
Wikipedia page: Channel Tunnel (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Plans to build a cross-Channel fixed link appeared as early as 1802, but British political and media pressure over the compromising of national security had disrupted attempts to build a tunnel.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Mendez was born in Mexico and played baseball until he passed early in life before he was 50.
Wikipedia page: José Méndez (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Born in Cárdenas, Matanzas, he died at age 41 in Havana.
section_header: Summary
text: José de la Caridad Méndez (March 19, 1887 – October 31, 1928) was a Cuban right-handed pitcher and manager in baseball's Negro Leagues.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The daddy of John McGraw was Irish.
Wikipedia page: John McGraw (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Early years
text: McGraw's father (whose name was also John) and his older brother Michael emigrated from Ireland in 1856.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: In Tennessee Wiliams's play A Streetcar Named Desire, the younger sister has been fired from her teaching job.
Wikipedia page: A Streetcar Named Desire (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Plot
text: Later on, Stanley repeats gossip to Stella that he has gathered on Blanche, telling her that Blanche was fired from her teaching job for involvement with an under-aged student and that she lived at a hotel known for prostitution.
section_header: Plot
text: After the loss of her family home to creditors, Blanche DuBois travels from the small town of Laurel, Mississippi, to the New Orleans French Quarter to live with her younger married sister, Stella, and brother-in-law, Stanley Kowalski.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Adobe has dominated the market by cut-throat, anti-consumer, and federally illegal methods, which have not been addressed again since a decision that only delayed them by a decade.
Wikipedia page: Adobe Inc. (Technology)
Evidence:
section_header: Criticisms | Anti-competitive practices
text: The Federal Trade Commission intervened and forced Adobe to sell FreeHand back to Altsys, and also banned Adobe from buying back FreeHand or any similar program for the next 10 years (1994-2004).
section_header: Criticisms | Anti-competitive practices
text: When Adobe acquired Macromedia in December 2005, it stalled development of Freehand in 2007, effectively rendering it obsolete.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Caroline test was written from the aftermath of the by a man who has the same last name as the dictionary.
Wikipedia page: Caroline affair (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The principle states that the necessity for [self-defense] must be "instant, overwhelming, and leaving no choice of means, and no moment for deliberation", as formulated by Daniel Webster in his response to British claims that they attacked the Caroline in self-defense.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: American actor William Hurt speaks German and has a home outside of Zurich.
Wikipedia page: William Hurt (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Personal life
text: Hurt is fluent in French and maintains a home outside Paris.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Darth Vader character played the protagonist in the first trilogy.
Wikipedia page: Darth Vader (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Born Anakin Skywalker, the character is a primary antagonist in the original trilogy and a primary protagonist in the prequel trilogy.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Diane Keaton has been in 8 of Woody Allen's movies.
Wikipedia page: Diane Keaton (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Personal life | Relationships and family | Woody Allen
text: They worked together on eight films between 1971 and 1993, and Keaton has said that Allen remains one of her closest friends.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Anton Bruckner's mother passed away when Anton was only thirteen.
Wikipedia page: Anton Bruckner (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Life and career | Teacher's education
text: Bruckner's father died in 1837, when Bruckner was 13 years old.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Hideki Tojo was never actually in the Japanese armed forces before becoming the head of the government.
Wikipedia page: Hideki Tojo (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Military career | Early service as officer
text: Upon graduating from the Japanese Military Academy (ranked 10th of 363 cadets) in March 1905, he was commissioned as a second lieutenant in the infantry of the IJA.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The lead singer of Bon Jovi started his career playing bass when he was a teenager.
Wikipedia page: Bon Jovi (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: History | Formation and "Runaway" (1980–1983)
text: Jon Bon Jovi began performing music live in 1975, at the age of 13, playing piano and guitar with his first band, Raze.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: It is considered by many authors as the second best literary work ever written after "The Three Musketeers".
Wikipedia page: Don Quixote (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: A founding work of Western literature, it is often labeled "the first modern novel" and many authors consider it to be the best literary work ever written.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Fidel Castro as a Cuban revolutionary and politician who served as Prime Minister of Cuba from 1959 to 1976 and President from 1976 to 2008 until his death due to heart complications.
Wikipedia page: Fidel Castro (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Final years | Death
text: The cause of death was not disclosed.
section_header: Final years | Death
text: Cuban state television announced that Castro had died on the night of 25 November 2016.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Greenback party supported presidential nominees in the 1868 and 1872 elections.
Wikipedia page: Greenback Party (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The party ran candidates in three presidential elections—in the elections of 1876, 1880, and 1884, before fading away.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Haydn was an instructor for Beethoven.
Wikipedia page: Joseph Haydn (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: He was a friend and mentor of Mozart, a tutor of Beethoven, and the older brother of composer Michael Haydn.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Congress of Berlin was a meeting of the representatives of the era's six great powers in Europe , the Ottoman Empire and four Balkan states aimed at determining the territories of the states in the Balkan Peninsula after the Russo-Turkish War of 1877–78.
Wikipedia page: Congress of Berlin (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: It aimed at determining the territories of the states in the Balkan Peninsula after the Russo-Turkish War of 1877–78 and came to an end with the signing of the Treaty of Berlin, which replaced the preliminary Treaty of San Stefano, which had been signed three months earlier between Russia and the Ottoman Empire.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Guantanamo Bay detention camp was originally established to house Cuban spies in the 1970's.
Wikipedia page: Guantanamo Bay detention camp (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: History
text: At the time of its establishment in January 2002, Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld said the detention camp was established to detain extraordinarily dangerous people, to interrogate detainees in an optimal setting, and to prosecute detainees for war crimes.
section_header: Summary
text: The camp was established by US President George W. Bush's administration in 2002 during the War on Terror.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Hitachi is a company that started in 1910 and created a motor.
Wikipedia page: Hitachi (Technology)
Evidence:
section_header: History
text: Hitachi was founded in 1910 by electrical engineer Namihei Odaira in Ibaraki Prefecture.
section_header: History
text: The company's first product was Japan's first 4-kilowatt (5 hp) induction motor, initially developed for use in copper mining.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Ramayana is an epic that follows the exile of Ravana and the book is considered to be sacred.
Wikipedia page: Ramayana (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: It follows his fourteen-year exile to the forest by his father King Dasharatha, on request of his step-mother Kaikeyi, his travels across forests in India with his wife Sita and brother Lakshmana, the kidnapping of his wife by Ravana, the great king of Lanka, resulting in a war with him and Ram's eventual return to Ayodhya to be crowned king.
section_header: Summary
text: It is the most sacred book, and is read by millions of people every year.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Klein was born in Ohio to immigrant farmers.
Wikipedia page: Chuck Klein (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: Klein was born in Indianapolis, Indiana, on October 7, 1904.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Noted Baseball man Carl Yastrzemski had his college paid for thanks to his basketball prowess.
Wikipedia page: Carl Yastrzemski (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: " " Yaz" attended Notre Dame on a basketball scholarship (his career Long Island high school scoring mark at Bridgehampton broke one previously held by Jim Brown) briefly before embarking on his baseball career.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Paul Molitor became alcoholic at the beginning of his career.
Wikipedia page: Paul Molitor (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Personal life
text: During the early years of his career, Molitor began using cocaine and marijuana.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Cobb ranks first all-time in number of games played.
Wikipedia page: Ty Cobb (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Cobb ranks fifth all-time in number of games played and committed 271 errors, the most by any American League (AL) outfielder.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: William Wallace let the British troops in a war against the Scottish.
Wikipedia page: William Wallace (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Sir William Wallace (Scottish Gaelic: Uilleam Uallas, pronounced [ˈɯʎam ˈuəl̪ˠəs̪]; Norman French: William le Waleys; born c. 1270, died 23 August 1305) was a Scottish knight who became one of the main leaders during the First War of Scottish Independence.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Xylem is derived from the Greek word, meaning plant, while xylem cells are the elements that transport oxygen, requiring them to be alive.
Wikipedia page: Xylem (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Structure
text: The most distinctive xylem cells are the long tracheary elements that transport water.
section_header: History
text: By 1891, the Polish-German botanist Eduard Strasburger had shown that the transport of water in plants did not require the xylem cells to be alive.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Peter O'Toole isn't even in the Irish's top 3 actors.
Wikipedia page: Peter O'Toole (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: In 2020, he was listed at number 4 on The Irish Times list of Ireland's greatest film actors.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Xylem relies on pressure to feed a plant.
Wikipedia page: Xylem (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Main function – upwards water transport | Measurement of pressure
text: Xylem transport is driven by a combination of transpirational pull from above and root pressure from below, which makes the interpretation of measurements more complicated.
section_header: Main function – upwards water transport | Measurement of pressure
text: Until recently, the differential pressure (suction) of transpirational pull could only be measured indirectly, by applying external pressure with a pressure bomb to counteract it.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Echinoderm have an endoskeleton.
Wikipedia page: Echinoderm (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Anatomy and physiology | Skin and skeleton
text: Echinoderms have a mesodermal skeleton composed of calcareous plates or ossicles.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The 1991 film JFK was one of three films by Oliver Stone about U.S. presidents.
Wikipedia page: JFK (film) (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: It was the most successful of three films Stone made about American presidents, followed by Nixon with Anthony Hopkins in the title role and W. with Josh Brolin as George W. Bush.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: American baseball player George Brett had three siblings.
Wikipedia page: George Brett (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: Born in Glen Dale, West Virginia, Brett was the youngest of four sons of a sports-minded family which included Ken, the second oldest, a major league pitcher who pitched in the 1967 World Series at age 19.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The New England Patriots have won at least 18 AFC division championships.
Wikipedia page: New England Patriots (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Since the arrival of head coach Bill Belichick and quarterback Tom Brady in 2000, the Patriots have become one of the most successful teams in NFL history, claiming 16 AFC East titles as part of 18 consecutive winning seasons since 2001.
section_header: Franchise history
text: When the NFL and AFL merged in 1970, the Patriots were placed in the American Football Conference (AFC) East division, where they still play today.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Karen Sparck Jones studied biology at Girton College in Cambridge.
Wikipedia page: Karen Sparck Jones (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: Spärck Jones was educated at a grammar school in Huddersfield and then from 1953 to 1956 at Girton College, Cambridge, studying history, with an additional final year in Moral Sciences (philosophy).
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Palace of Westminster is property of the British Government, not the monarchy.
Wikipedia page: Palace of Westminster (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The palace is owned by the monarch in right of the Crown and, for ceremonial purposes, retains its original status as a royal residence.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Paul Molitor is an American former Major League Baseball (MLB) player and former manager of the Minnesota Twins, and also made seven All-Star Game appearances, and was the World Series MVP in 1993.
Wikipedia page: Paul Molitor (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: He made seven All-Star Game appearances, and was the World Series MVP in 1993.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The play was first shown in New York.
Wikipedia page: The Rose Tattoo (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The Rose Tattoo  is a three-act play written by Tennessee Williams in 1949 and 1950; after its Chicago premiere on December 29, 1950, he made further revisions to the play for its Broadway premiere on February 2, 1951, and its publication by New Directions the following month.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: In Stephen Vincent Benet's story, Mr. Scratch tells Webster that he is an Englishman.
Wikipedia page: The Devil and Daniel Webster (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Major themes | Patriotism
text: The devil says "I am merely an honest American like yourself — and of the best descent — for, to tell the truth, Mr. Webster, though I don't like to boast of it, my name is older in this country than yours." Webster insists on a jury trial as an American right, with Americans for the jury and an American judge.
section_header: Major themes | The devil
text: " The names Benét gives the devil—Mr. Scratch or the stranger—were both used around New England and other parts of the pre-Civil-War United States: "Perhaps Scratch will do for the evening.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Rizzuto had a nickname on field, Ol' Rizzy due to him being older than his teammates.
Wikipedia page: Phil Rizzuto (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Philip Francis Rizzuto (September 25, 1917 – August 13, 2007), nicknamed "The Scooter", was an American Major League Baseball shortstop.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Thomas Pynchon's, The Crying of Lot 49, was written in the 1960's, but the author chose to use the romantic style of writing commonly found in 18th century literature.
Wikipedia page: The Crying of Lot 49 (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Like most of Pynchon's output, Lot 49 is often described as postmodernist literature.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: World War I lasted for almost 4 years.
Wikipedia page: World War I (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: World War I (often abbreviated as WWI or WW1), also known as the First World War or the Great War, was a global war that lasted from 28 July 1914 to 11 November 1918.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: There is only one type of water transport in Mumbai while their general transport system is one of the most congested in the world.
Wikipedia page: Mumbai (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Transport | Public transport | Water
text: Water transport in Mumbai consists of ferries, hovercrafts and catamarans.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: John Williams was a musician and won 26 Grammys.
Wikipedia page: John Williams (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Williams has won 25 Grammy Awards, seven British Academy Film Awards, five Academy Awards, and four Golden Globe Awards.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Maggie Smith is an English actress, and has appeared in more than 100 films and over 100 plays, and was made a Member of the Order of the Companions of Honour (CH), becoming the third actress to receive the honour.
Wikipedia page: Maggie Smith (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Smith has appeared in more than 60 films and over 70 plays, and is one of Britain's most recognisable actresses.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Molitor was referred to as "Molly" and "The Ignitor" in MLB.
Wikipedia page: Paul Molitor (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Paul Leo Molitor (born August 22, 1956), nicknamed "Molly" and
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Actor Voight won the Best Actor award for 1978 movie Coming Home when it showcased the Cannes Film Festival.
Wikipedia page: Coming Home (1978 film) (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: It also premiered at the 1978 Cannes Film Festival, where it competed for the Palme d'Or, with Voight winning Best Actor.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Some, but not all, fungi species pass on their genes "sexually".
Wikipedia page: Fungus (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Reproduction | Sexual reproduction
text: Fungi employ two mating systems: heterothallic species allow mating only between individuals of opposite mating type, whereas homothallic species can mate, and sexually reproduce, with any other individual or itself.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: American historian Henry Cabot Lodge sponsored bills to get African Americans voting rights and served as a Representative and he opposed Roosevelt's third term.
Wikipedia page: Henry Cabot Lodge (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Henry Cabot Lodge (May 12, 1850 –  November 9, 1924) was an American Republican senator and historian from Massachusetts.
section_header: Summary
text: A member of the conservative wing of the Republican Party, Lodge opposed Roosevelt's third party bid for president in 1912, but the two remained close friends.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: George Frideric Handel's dad was not young when he was born and composed many operas in thirty years.
Wikipedia page: George Frideric Handel (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Early years | Family
text: His father, aged sixty-three when George Frideric was born, was an eminent barber-surgeon who served the court of Saxe-Weissenfels and the Margraviate of Brandenburg.
section_header: Summary
text: Handel composed more than forty opera serias in over thirty years, and since the late 1960s, with the revival of baroque music and historically informed musical performance, interest in Handel's operas has grown.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: New Zealand is one of two islands, the West and East Island.
Wikipedia page: New Zealand (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: It comprises two main landmasses—the North Island (Te Ika-a-Māui) and the South Island (Te Waipounamu)—and
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: In Who Framed Roger Rabbit, Doom creates a potion that turns happy toons instead sad ones.
Wikipedia page: Who Framed Roger Rabbit (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Plot
text: Doom has formulated a solvent mixture called "Dip" that is capable of killing the otherwise invulnerable toons.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Some battlegrounds have been preserved some with memorials.
Wikipedia page: Battleground (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Historic battlefields | Battlefield commemoration
text: Battlefields can host memorials to the battles that took place there.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Caroline is known as a crisis regarding an insignificant ship destroyed by British forces near Niagara Falls in 1837.
Wikipedia page: Caroline affair (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: It began in 1837 when William Lyon Mackenzie and other Canadian rebels, with support from US citizens, fled to an island in the Niagara River, in the ship Caroline.
section_header: Summary
text: British forces crossed the Niagara River, to board and capture the vessel where it was moored, at Schlosser's Landing, in US territory.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The battle of Kings mountain was seen as the pivotal moment in the American Revolution.
Wikipedia page: Battle of Kings Mountain (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Aftermath
text: In The Winning of the West, Theodore Roosevelt wrote of Kings Mountain, "This brilliant victory marked the turning point of the American Revolution." Thomas Jefferson called it, "The turn of the tide of success." President Herbert Hoover at Kings Mountain said,  This is a place of inspiring memories.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Book of Daniel dates back to the first century BC.
Wikipedia page: The Book of Daniel (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The Book of Daniel is a 2nd-century BC biblical apocalypse combining a prophecy of history with an eschatology (a portrayal of end times) cosmic in scope and political in focus.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Phil Knight is well known through his multiple connections with Nike and according to Forbes is one of the top 25 richest people in the world.
Wikipedia page: Phil Knight (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: As of October 2019, Knight was ranked by Forbes as the 21st richest person in the world, with an estimated net worth of US$37.6 billion.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Finding Dory did gross over a billion of dollars worldwide.
Wikipedia page: Finding Dory (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Upon release, the film was well-received by critics and grossed over $1 billion worldwide, becoming the second Pixar film to gross $1 billion after Toy Story 3 (2010), the third highest-grossing film of 2016 and the 22nd-highest-grossing of all-time at the time of its theatrical run.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: George Clyde Kell (August 23, 1922 – March 24, 2009) was an American Major League Baseball third baseman who played 15 seasons for the Philadelphia Athletics (1943–1946), Detroit Tigers (1947–1952), Boston Red Sox (1952–1954), Chicago White Sox (1954–1956), and Baltimore Orioles (1956–57)in which he struck out only 287 times in 6,702 at-bats during his career.
Wikipedia page: George Kell (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Kell also was hard to strike out; he struck out only 287 times in 6,702 at-bats during his career.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Yalow's mom wanted her to study to become a nurse.
Wikipedia page: Rosalyn Sussman Yalow (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Biography | Childhood
text: After high school, she attended the all-female, tuition-free Hunter College, where her mother hoped she would learn to become a teacher.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Glass Menagerie was played for the First time in Broadway.
Wikipedia page: The Glass Menagerie (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The play premiered in Chicago in 1944.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Booking.com, formerly Bookings.org, has its headquarters in New York merged with Active Hotels to be one of the most profitable acquisition in internet history.
Wikipedia page: Booking.com (Technology)
Evidence:
section_header: History
text: Booking.com was formed when bookings.nl, founded in 1996 by Geert-Jan Bruinsma, merged in 2000 with Bookings Online, founded by Sicco and Alec Behrens, Marijn Muyser and Bas Lemmens, which operated as Bookings.org.
section_header: Summary
text: It is owned and operated by and is the primary revenue source of United States-based Booking Holdings and is headquartered in Amsterdam.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Fourteen Points were written and presented to U.S political leaders by Woodrow Wilson
Wikipedia page: Fourteen Points (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The principles were outlined in a January 8, 1918, speech on war aims and peace terms to the United States Congress by President Woodrow Wilson.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Gian Carlo Menotti was an Italian-American composer but only liked to be referred to as a composer from Italy.
Wikipedia page: Gian Carlo Menotti (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Although he often referred to himself as an American composer, he kept his Italian citizenship.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Nero did learn about arts.
Wikipedia page: Nero (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Pursuits
text: Nero studied poetry, music, painting and sculpture.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: José Méndez helped build the Cuban Baseball Hall of Fame and was finally elected into the hall in 1940 just before his death.
Wikipedia page: José Méndez (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: José de la Caridad Méndez (March 19, 1887 – October 31, 1928) was a Cuban right-handed pitcher and manager in baseball's Negro Leagues.
section_header: Summary
text: He was one of the first group of players elected to the Cuban Baseball Hall of Fame in 1939.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Babe Ruth along with Muhammad Ali are the most recognized athletes.
Wikipedia page: Babe Ruth (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Legacy
text: The Associated Press reported in 1993 that Muhammad Ali was tied with Babe Ruth as the most recognized athletes in America.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: George Brinton McClellan held public office as the head of state in Virginia.
Wikipedia page: George B. McClellan (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: George Brinton McClellan (December 3, 1826 – October 29, 1885) was an American soldier, civil engineer, railroad executive, and politician who served as the 24th Governor of New Jersey.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Prince's family was from the South.
Wikipedia page: Prince (musician) (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: All four of his grandparents hailed from Louisiana.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: There are seriously people that give letter grades to ads, and they like GoDaddy, giving one of their big sports ads an 'A'.
Wikipedia page: GoDaddy (Technology)
Evidence:
section_header: Marketing | Sports sponsorships | Super Bowl advertisements
text: GoDaddy's 2007 Super Bowl XLI advertisement was criticized in The New York Times as being "cheesy"; in National Review as "raunchy, 'Girls-Gone-Wild' style"; and "just sad" by Barbara Lippert in Adweek, who gave the advertisement a "D" grade.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Catfish Hunter was a professional MLB player that got his nickname from Bob Dylan.
Wikipedia page: Catfish Hunter (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Professional career | Kansas City/Oakland Athletics
text: Finley gave Hunter the nickname "Catfish" in 1965 because he thought his 19-year-old pitcher needed a flashy nickname.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Battle of Bannockburn was a two day battle that concluded the First War that gave the Scottish independence from England.
Wikipedia page: Battle of Bannockburn (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Although, it did not bring an end to the war, victory which would only be secured 14 more years after the battle, Bannockburn was a landmark in Scottish history.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Harper Lee only had one book published.
Wikipedia page: To Kill a Mockingbird (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Since 1990, a play based on the novel has been performed annually in Harper Lee's hometown.
section_header: Summary
text: To Kill a Mockingbird was Lee's only published book until Go Set a Watchman, an earlier draft of To Kill a Mockingbird, was published on July 14, 2015.
Verdict: REFUTES