tasksource/fool-me-twice huggingface dataset:
Claim: The UN was instrumental in ending Apartheid.
Wikipedia page: Apartheid (History)
Evidence:
section_header: International relations during apartheid | United Nations
text: Illustrating that over a long period of time, the United Nations was working towards isolating the state of South Africa, by putting pressure on the Apartheid regime.
section_header: International relations during apartheid | United Nations
text: After much debate, by the late-1980s, the United States, the United Kingdom, and 23 other nations had passed laws placing various trade sanctions on South Africa.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Iceland became independent from Norway in the 1900s.
Wikipedia page: Iceland (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: History | 1944–present: Republic of Iceland
text: On 31 December 1943, the Danish–Icelandic Act of Union expired after 25 years.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Ran Santo died of an explosive aneurysm in his brain suddenly and quickly.
Wikipedia page: Ron Santo (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Post-retirement | Death
text: Santo died at 12:40 am on December 3, 2010 in a hospital in Scottsdale, Arizona, due to complications from bladder cancer and diabetes. (Many media outlets reported the date as "the night of the 2nd" or "overnight".) Santo had lapsed into a coma on December 1.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Emperor Caligula mercilessly taxed the Roman public to fund his propensity for hosting games, menageries, and festivals in his city during his short reign, which attributed to his violent end.
Wikipedia page: Caligula (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Emperor | Financial crisis and famine
text: To gain funds, Caligula asked the public to lend the state money.
section_header: Emperor | Early reign
text: Suetonius said that over 160,000 animals were sacrificed during three months of public rejoicing to usher in the new reign.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Diffraction is the bending of waves and was first defined by a male.
Wikipedia page: Diffraction (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: History
text: The effects of diffraction of light were first carefully observed and characterized by Francesco Maria Grimaldi, who also coined the term diffraction, from the Latin diffringere, 'to break into pieces', referring to light breaking up into different directions.
section_header: Summary
text: Italian scientist Francesco Maria Grimaldi coined the word "diffraction" and was the first to record accurate observations of the phenomenon in 1660.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Judy Johnson's two siblings, one male and one female, shared their name with their dad's boxing friend.
Wikipedia page: Judy Johnson (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Life and career | Early life
text: Johnson had an older sister Mary Emma and a younger brother John, both of whom were named after heavyweight boxer Jack Johnson, a long-time friend of William Henry.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Pat Gillick was a master of the pitcher's mound.
Wikipedia page: Pat Gillick (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: He was also a gifted pitcher, playing on the 1958 National Title baseball team at USC and spending five years in the minor league systems of the Baltimore Orioles and Pittsburgh Pirates, venturing as high as Triple-A. A left-hander, Gillick posted a win/loss record of 45–32 with an earned run average of 3.42 in 164 minor league games.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: One of the types of weak interaction results in an unusual effect on neutrinos.
Wikipedia page: Weak interaction (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: In nuclear physics and particle physics, the weak interaction, which is also often called the weak force or weak nuclear force, is the mechanism of interaction between subatomic particles that is responsible for the radioactive decay of atoms.
section_header: Interaction types
text: It is responsible for the (rare) deflection of neutrinos.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Pie Trynor was considered the best player at his position in MLB history and played his whole career for one team.
Wikipedia page: Pie Traynor (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: the Second World War, Traynor was often cited as the greatest third baseman in MLB history.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Alzheimer's disease  is a chronic neurodegenerative disease that is difficult to diagnose, has four stages that progress over time, and officially got its name in 1906.
Wikipedia page: Alzheimer's disease (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: It was first described by, and later named after, German psychiatrist and pathologist Alois Alzheimer in 1906.
section_header: Signs and symptoms
text: The disease course is divided into four stages, with a progressive pattern of cognitive and functional impairment.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The measurement of Transcription can be done in various methods.
Wikipedia page: Transcription (genetics) (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Transcription is the first of several steps of DNA based gene expression in which a particular segment of DNA is copied into RNA (especially mRNA) by the enzyme RNA polymerase.
section_header: Measuring and detecting
text: Transcription can be measured and detected in a variety of ways: G-Less Cassette transcription assay: measures promoter strength
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Bert Blyleven is a commentator for the Cincinnati Reds and was inducted to the hall of famer .
Wikipedia page: Bert Blyleven (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Currently, he is the color commentator for the Minnesota Twins on Fox Sports North.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Code of Hammurabi is believed to have two hundred and eighty two laws.
Wikipedia page: Code of Hammurabi (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: History
text: The common belief is that the code contained 282 laws in total.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Leo I was born in Italy.
Wikipedia page: Pope Leo I (NOCAT)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: According to the Liber Pontificalis, he was a native of Tuscany.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla's mother and father were of Spanish ancestry.
Wikipedia page: Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Early years
text: Hidalgo was born a criollo. Both of Hidalgo's parents were descended from well-respected families within the criollo community.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Booth's mother and father were both writers.
Wikipedia page: John Wilkes Booth (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Background and early life
text: Booth's parents were noted British Shakespearean actor Junius Brutus Booth and his mistress, Mary Ann Holmes, who moved to the United States from England in June 1821.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Micorsoft's logo was created by Scott Baker.
Wikipedia page: Microsoft (Technology)
Evidence:
section_header: Corporate identity | Logo
text: Microsoft adopted the so-called "Pac-Man Logo", designed by Scott Baker, in 1987.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Canopus is a bright star in the night sky and is only outshone by one other star.
Wikipedia page: Canopus (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Canopus , also designated α Carinae, Latinised to Alpha Carinae, is the brightest star  in the southern constellation of Carina and the second-brightest star in the night sky.
section_header: Summary
text: With a visual apparent magnitude of −0.74, it is outshone only by Sirius.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Protistas don't make a group.
Wikipedia page: Protista (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: While it is likely that protists share a common ancestor (the last eukaryotic common ancestor), the exclusion of other eukaryotes means that protists do not form a natural group, or clade.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The novel The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy, Gentleman was turned into a radio broadcast in 2005, a graphic novel  and an opera.
Wikipedia page: Tristram Shandy (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Adaptations
text: Michael Nyman has worked sporadically on Tristram Shandy as an opera since 1981.
section_header: Adaptations
text: In 2005, BBC Radio 4 broadcast an adaptation by Graham White in ten 15-minute episodes directed by Mary Peate, with Neil Dudgeon as Tristram, Julia Ford as Mother, David Troughton as Father, Adrian Scarborough as Toby, Paul Ritter as Trim, Tony Rohr as Dr Slop, Stephen Hogan as Obadiah, Helen Longworth as Susannah, Ndidi Del Fatti as Great-Grandmother, Stuart McLoughlin as Great-Grandfather/Pontificating Man and Hugh Dickson as Bishop Hall.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Roman emperor Julian had the Jewish Temple rebuilt.
Wikipedia page: Julian (emperor) (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Religious issues | Attempt to rebuild the Jewish Temple
text: The failure to rebuild the Temple has been ascribed to the Galilee earthquake of 363.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Ellington passed away in 1974.
Wikipedia page: Duke Ellington (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Death
text: Ellington died on May 24, 1974, of complications from lung cancer and pneumonia, a few weeks after his 75th birthday.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: American baseball player Kirby Puckett was known for being a respectable and upstanding person.
Wikipedia page: Kirby Puckett (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Domestic violence
text: In March 2002, a woman filed for an order of protection against Puckett's wife, Tonya Puckett, claiming that Tonya had threatened to kill her over an alleged affair with Puckett.
section_header: Domestic violence
text: Later that same month, another woman asked for protection from Puckett himself, claiming in court documents that he had shoved her in his Bloomington condominium during the course of an 18-year relationship.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The United States vice president John C. Calhoun was a racist who defended slavery and his words led to the South seceding in 1860.
Wikipedia page: John C. Calhoun (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: John Caldwell Calhoun (; March 18, 1782 – March 31, 1850) was an American statesman and political theorist from South Carolina who served as the seventh vice president of the United States from 1825 to 1832.
section_header: Summary
text: His beliefs and warnings heavily influenced the South's secession from the Union in 1860–1861.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Dian Fossey will never be as popular as Jane Goodall, and seems to be extra critical of her work based on that.
Wikipedia page: Dian Fossey (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Conservation work in Rwanda | Opposition to tourism
text: Fossey also criticized tourist programs, often paid for by international conservation organizations, for interfering with both her research and the peace of the mountain gorillas' habitat, and was concerned Jane Goodall, who actually joined a chimpanzee society as a member, was inappropriately changing her study subjects' behavior.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Every Man In His Humor is a play by Ben Johnson that is predicated on each main player displaying their own particular mania or personal tick as a defining trait.
Wikipedia page: Every Man In His Humour (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The play belongs to the subgenre of the "humours comedy," in which each major character is dominated by an over-riding humour or obsession.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Two Gentlemen of Verona is a serious drama play.
Wikipedia page: The Two Gentlemen of Verona (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The Two Gentlemen of Verona is a comedy by William Shakespeare, believed to have been written between 1589 and 1593.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Rita Levi-Montalcini and her twin brother were the last borns in their family.
Wikipedia page: Rita Levi-Montalcini (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Career and research
text: During the Nazi occupation, Levi-Montalcini was in contact with the partisans of the Action Party.
section_header: Early life and education
text: She and her twin sister Paola were the youngest of four children.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Daniel Webster was the creator of the dictionary.
Wikipedia page: Daniel Webster (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Daniel Webster (January 18, 1782 – October 24, 1852) was an American lawyer and statesman who represented New Hampshire and Massachusetts in the U.S. Congress and served as the U.S. Secretary of State under Presidents
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Al Pacino's first movie role came when he was twenty nine years old.
Wikipedia page: Al Pacino (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: A method actor and former student of the HB Studio and the Actors Studio, where he was taught by Charlie Laughton and Lee Strasberg, Pacino's film debut came at the age of 29 with a minor role in Me, Natalie (1969).
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The exact circumstances of Ed Delahanty's death are unclear.
Wikipedia page: Ed Delahanty (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Death
text: After being kicked off the train, Delahanty started his way across the International Railway Bridge connecting Buffalo, New York with Fort Erie (near Niagara Falls) and fell or jumped off the bridge (some accounts say Delahanty was yelling about death that night).
section_header: Death
text: Whether Delahanty died from his plunge over the Falls or drowned on the way to the Falls is uncertain.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The movie Coming Home was inspired by unfortunate international events during the 1930's and 40's.
Wikipedia page: Coming Home (1978 film) (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Production
text: They were united by their opposition to the Vietnam War and by their concern for the veterans who were returning to America and facing difficulties adapting to life back home.
section_header: Production
text: Fonda wished to make a film about the Vietnam War inspired by her friendship with Ron Kovic, a paraplegic Vietnam War veteran, whom she had met at an antiwar rally.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Sony had four previous slogans.
Wikipedia page: Sony (Technology)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Their former slogans were The One and Only (1979–1982), It's a Sony (1982–2005), like.no.other (2005–2009) and make.believe (2009–2013).Sony has a weak tie to the Sumitomo Mitsui Financial Group (SMFG) corporate group, the successor to the Mitsui group.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Jefferson Davis was the last child from his parents.
Wikipedia page: Jefferson Davis (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Davis was born in Fairview, Kentucky, to a moderately prosperous farmer, the youngest of ten children.
section_header: Early life | Birth and family background
text: Davis was the youngest of ten children born to Jane (née Cook) and Samuel Emory Davis; his oldest brother Joseph Emory Davis was 23 years his senior.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Anne Bancroft  has a French ancestry.
Wikipedia page: Anne Bancroft (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: Bancroft's parents were both children of Italian immigrants.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: A Midsummer Night's Dream's author finished the play during the 16th century.
Wikipedia page: A Midsummer Night's Dream (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: A Midsummer Night's Dream is a comedy written by William Shakespeare in 1595/96.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Magic Mountain is a book about a man attempting to find a mountain upon which grows a flower that will heal his wife.
Wikipedia page: The Magic Mountain (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The newer work reflected his experiences and impressions during a period when his wife, who was suffering from a lung complaint, resided at Dr. Friedrich Jessen's Waldsanatorium in Davos, Switzerland for several months.
section_header: Plot summary
text: In the opening chapter, Castorp leaves his familiar life and obligations, in what he later learns to call "the flatlands", to visit the rarefied mountain air and introspective small world of the sanatorium.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Lawrence of Arabia is a British movie.
Wikipedia page: Lawrence of Arabia (film) (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Lawrence of Arabia is a 1962 British epic historical drama film based on the life of T. E. Lawrence.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Sunset Boulevard is a very straight and easy drive.
Wikipedia page: Sunset Boulevard (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Geography
text: The boulevard has curvaceous winding stretches, and can be treacherous for unalert drivers in some sections.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Jimmu's accession is marked as National Foundation Day in modern Japan.
Wikipedia page: Emperor Jimmu (NOCAT)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: In modern Japan, Jimmu's accession is marked as National Foundation Day on February 11.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Hawking has been on shows like Star Trek and the Disney movie Wall-e.
Wikipedia page: Stephen Hawking (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Appearances in popular media
text: Hawking also guest-starred in Futurama and had a recurring role in The Big Bang Theory.
section_header: Appearances in popular media
text: Nimoy made the necessary contact, and Hawking played a holographic simulation of himself in an episode of Star Trek: The Next Generation in 1993.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Sting is a 1973 film has won awards like best cinematography and best sound.
Wikipedia page: The Sting (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The Sting is a 1973 American caper film set in September 1936, involving a complicated plot by two professional grifters (Paul Newman and Robert Redford) to con a mob boss (Robert Shaw).
section_header: Reception | Awards | Nominations
text: and/or Adaptation—(Marvin Hamlisch) Directors Guild of America Award for Outstanding Directorial Achievement in Motion Pictures—(George Roy Hill) Academy Award for Best Actor—(Robert Redford) Academy Award for Best Cinematography—(Robert Surtees) Academy Award for Best Sound—(Ronald Pierce & Robert R. Bertrand) Golden Globe Award for Best Screenplay—Motion Picture—(David S. Ward) WGA Award for Best Drama Written Directly for the Screen—(David S. Ward) AFI's 100 Years...100 Movies
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Mila Kunis moved to the United States when Mila Kunis was 8.
Wikipedia page: Mila Kunis (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: In 1991, at the age of 7, she moved from Soviet Ukraine to the United States with her family.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: LeBron James grew up with his daddy and regularly played basketball with him.
Wikipedia page: LeBron James (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: His father, Anthony McClelland, has an extensive criminal record and was not involved in his life.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Albert B. Fall tried living in others states and became a judge in the Southwest.
Wikipedia page: Albert B. Fall (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life and family
text: He tried Oklahoma and Texas, but eventually he settled in Las Cruces, New Mexico Territory, where he practiced law.
section_header: Career
text: Fall was appointed judge of the third judicial district in 1893, and associate justice of the New Mexico Supreme Court later the same year.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The 16th century play The Jew of Malta by Christopher Marlowe was successful in its time.
Wikipedia page: The Jew of Malta (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Performance and reception
text: The Jew of Malta was an immediate success from its first recorded performance at the Rose Theatre in early 1592, when Edward Alleyn played the lead role.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: North Korea has spent a little more than half a million dollars on expensive Russian equines in the decade of 2010-2020.
Wikipedia page: North Korea (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Culture | Sports
text: Between 2010 and 2019, North Korea has imported 138 purebred horses from Russia at cost of over $584,000.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Bagwell gave more than 14 years to MLB.
Wikipedia page: Jeff Bagwell (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Jeffrey Robert Bagwell (born May 27, 1968) is an American former professional baseball first baseman and coach who spent his entire 15-year Major League Baseball (MLB) playing career with the Houston Astros.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Spahn started his career playing for the Giants.
Wikipedia page: Warren Spahn (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Baseball career
text: He finished his career in 1965 with the New York Mets and the San Francisco Giants.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The later half of the Russian-Polish War was was comprised of an invasion of Russia's countryside, with the goal of freeing the area of the former prefecture from Bavaria.
Wikipedia page: Napoleon (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Ruler of France | French Empire | Invasion of Russia
text: He ignored repeated advice against an invasion of the Russian heartland and prepared for an offensive campaign; on 24 June 1812 the invasion commenced.
section_header: Ruler of France | French Empire | Invasion of Russia
text: Polish patriots wanted the Russian part of Poland to be joined with the Duchy of Warsaw and an independent Poland created.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: In Works and Days, Hesiod teaches his brother about life's rules.
Wikipedia page: Works and Days (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Synopsis
text: following few hundred verses—by far the most famous portion of the poem—comprise a series of mythological examples and gnomic statements outlining Hesiod's conception of justice and the necessity of work with the ostensible goal of persuading Perses to follow a proper path in life.
section_header: Synopsis
text: Hesiod seems to have thought that instead of giving him money or property which he will again spend in no time, it is better to teach him the virtues of work and to impart his wisdom which can be used to generate an income. Like the Theogony, the Works and Days begins with a hymnic invocation to the Muses, albeit much shorter (10 lines to the Theogony's 115) and with a different focus.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Robin Yount, nicknamed Rockin' Robin, threw a pitch before attendees in the major league alongside Hank Aaron but never threw an official pitch in any MLB game.
Wikipedia page: Robin Yount (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Robin R. Yount (; nicknamed,"The Kid", and "Rockin' Robin", born September 16, 1955) is an American former professional baseball player.
section_header: Coaching career
text: He, Hank Aaron, Warren Spahn and Bob Uecker threw out the ceremonial first pitches at the 2002 Major League Baseball All-Star Game at Miller Park.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Last of the Mohicans is a book about the fighting between the Mohawks and the Mohicans in the 1700s.
Wikipedia page: The Last of the Mohicans (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The Last of the Mohicans is set in 1757, during the French and Indian War (the North American theater of the Seven Years' War), when France and Great Britain battled for control of North America.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Samuel Coleridge-Taylor was a musician and called "African Mahler."
Wikipedia page: Samuel Coleridge-Taylor (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Of mixed race birth, Coleridge-Taylor achieved such success that he was referred to by white New York musicians as the "African Mahler" when he had three tours of the United States in the early 1900s.
section_header: Summary
text: Samuel Coleridge-Taylor (15 August 1875 – 1 September 1912) was an English composer and conductor.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Barry Lyndon is a film that written by the same person of made 2001: A Space Odyssey and Clockwork Orange.
Wikipedia page: Barry Lyndon (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Kubrick began production on Barry Lyndon after his 1971 film A Clockwork Orange.
section_header: Production | Development
text: After completing post production on  2001: A Space Odyssey, Kubrick resumed planning a film about Napoleon.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: London has the most ancient subway system in the world.
Wikipedia page: London (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The London Underground is the oldest underground railway network in the world.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Dutch were a minor trading power at the beginning of the War of the Spanish Succession.
Wikipedia page: War of the Spanish Succession (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: France ended support for the exiled Jacobites, and recognised the Hanoverians as heirs to the British throne.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Beatles are the number two all time  group.
Wikipedia page: The Beatles (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The Beatles are the best-selling music act of all time, with estimated sales of 600 million units worldwide.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The company adopted its "Pac-Man Logo" in 1987.
Wikipedia page: Microsoft (Technology)
Evidence:
section_header: Corporate identity | Logo
text: Microsoft adopted the so-called "Pac-Man Logo", designed by Scott Baker, in 1987.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Albert Einstein moved to the United States in 1939.
Wikipedia page: Albert Einstein (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: He settled in the United States and became an American citizen in 1940.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Ottoman Empire once went across three continents and was dominant in the Mediterranean Sea.
Wikipedia page: Ottoman Empire (History)
Evidence:
section_header: History | Expansion and peak (1453–1566)
text: By the end of Suleiman's reign, the Empire spanned approximately 877,888 sq mi (2,273,720 km2), extending over three continents.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The film is about the life story of the last emperor of China and details his several rises and falls to power under Japan and then the communist party of China.
Wikipedia page: The Last Emperor (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The Last Emperor (Italian: L'ultimo imperatore; Chinese: 末代皇帝) is a 1987 epic biographical drama film, directed by Bernardo Bertolucci, about the life of Puyi, the last Emperor of China,
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Ruth Benedict was an English folk artist and architect.
Wikipedia page: Ruth Benedict (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Ruth Fulton Benedict (June 5, 1887 – September 17, 1948) was an American anthropologist and folklorist.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Jules Verne came up with the concept for the adventure novel Around the World in Eighty Days when he was at a restaurant, reviewing the day's headlines.
Wikipedia page: Around the World in Eighty Days (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Background and analysis
text: Despite all this, Verne was excited about his work on the new book, the idea of which came to him one afternoon in a Paris café while reading a newspaper.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Barry Goldwater matriculated from the Avon Old Farms School in Avon, Connecticut.
Wikipedia page: Barry Goldwater (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Personal life
text: He graduated from the academy in 1928 and enrolled at the University of Arizona.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Sound and the Fury is a book by Benjamin Compson.
Wikipedia page: The Sound and the Fury (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The Sound and the Fury is a novel by the American author William Faulkner.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Hanseatic League came about in the late 1100's with the grow the Hanseatic cities and States.
Wikipedia page: Hanseatic League (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Despite this, the organization was not a state, nor could it be called a confederation of city-states; only a very small number of the cities within the league enjoyed autonomy and liberties comparable to those of a free imperial city.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Numerous movie adapations have been done on Mahabharat.
Wikipedia page: Mahabharata (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Versions, translations, and derivative works | In film and television
text: In Indian cinema, several film versions of the epic have been made, dating back to 1920.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Henry Clay Sr. served in Kentucky's politics.
Wikipedia page: Henry Clay (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Henry Clay Sr. (April 12, 1777 – June 29, 1852) was an American attorney and statesman who represented Kentucky in both the Senate and House.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Dave Winfield grew up with his father.
Wikipedia page: Dave Winfield (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Youth and amateur career
text: His parents divorced when he was three years old, leaving him and his older brother Stephen to be raised by their mother, Arline, and a large extended family of aunts, uncles, grandparents and cousins.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Reggie Jackson was born in Syracuse, New York.
Wikipedia page: Reggie Jackson (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Early years
text: Jackson was born in the Wyncote neighborhood of Cheltenham Township, just north of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Sorrows of Young Werther is a fictional book about Albert Charlotte.
Wikipedia page: The Sorrows of Young Werther (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The Sorrows of Young Werther (German: Die Leiden des jungen Werthers) is a loosely autobiographical epistolary novel by Johann Wolfgang von Goethe.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Roman Holiday is a French movie by Sydney Poitier and has Audrey Hepburn as a princess.
Wikipedia page: Roman Holiday (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Roman Holiday is a 1953 American romantic comedy film directed and produced by William Wyler.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: After actor Paul Walker was killed, the movie Furious 7 was shelved by the production company.
Wikipedia page: Furious 7 (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Production | Redevelopment of Walker's character
text: In January 2014, Time reported that Walker's character, Brian O'Conner, would be retired instead of killed, and that new scenes would be developed in order to allow the franchise to continue without him.
section_header: Summary
text: Following Walker's death, filming was delayed for script rewrites and his brothers, Caleb and Cody, were used as stand-ins to complete his remaining scenes.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Hydrogen accounts for 20% of the power used in the United States.
Wikipedia page: Hydrogen (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Applications | Energy carrier
text: Hydrogen is not an energy resource, except in the hypothetical context of commercial nuclear fusion power plants using deuterium or tritium, a technology presently far from development.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Michael Jordan played professional baseball with a Chicago team's feeder team in Alabama.
Wikipedia page: Michael Jordan (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Professional career | First retirement and stint in Minor League Baseball (1993–1994)
text: In 1994, Jordan played for the Birmingham Barons, a Double-A minor league affiliate of the Chicago White Sox, batting .202 with three home runs, 51 runs batted in, 30 stolen bases, 114 strikeouts, 51 base on balls, and 11 errors.
section_header: Professional career | First retirement and stint in Minor League Baseball (1993–1994)
text: Jordan then further surprised the sports world by signing a Minor League Baseball contract with the Chicago White Sox on February 7, 1994.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Judy Johnson played the infield for an all non-white league for over 16 years.
Wikipedia page: Judy Johnson (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: William Julius "Judy" Johnson (October 26, 1899 – June 15, 1989) was an American professional third baseman and manager whose career in Negro league baseball spanned 17 seasons, from 1921 to 1937.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: In it's early formation, Tokyo was known as Edo.
Wikipedia page: Tokyo (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: History | Pre-1869 (Edo period)
text: Tokyo was originally a small fishing village named Edo, in what was formerly part of the old Musashi Province.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Lloyd Waner's height made him an average player.
Wikipedia page: Lloyd Waner (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: His small stature at 5 ft 9 in (1.75 m) and 132 lb (68 kg) made him one of the smallest players of his era.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: John Coolidge Adams's compositions are known for their maximalist qualities.
Wikipedia page: John Adams (composer) (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: John Coolidge Adams (born February 15, 1947) is an American composer and conductor of classical music and opera, with strong roots in minimalism.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The tomb is over 2000 years old.
Wikipedia page: Mausoleum at Halicarnassus (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The Mausoleum at Halicarnassus or Tomb of Mausolus (Ancient Greek: Μαυσωλεῖον τῆς Ἁλικαρνασσοῦ; Turkish: Halikarnas Mozolesi) was a tomb built between 353 and 350 BC in Halicarnassus (present Bodrum, Turkey) for Mausolus, a native Anatolian from Caria and a satrap in the Achaemenid Empire, and his sister-wife Artemisia II of Caria.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Yearling received a prestigious award in the US the following year it was released.
Wikipedia page: The Yearling (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: It won the 1939 Pulitzer Prize for the Novel.
section_header: Summary
text: The Yearling is a novel by Marjorie Kinnan Rawlings published in March 1938.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Transformers' director was robbed and badly hurt while filming in Japan.
Wikipedia page: Transformers: Age of Extinction (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Production | Incidents
text: On October 17, 2013, while filming in Hong Kong, Bay was assaulted by two brothers surnamed Mak, who demanded a payment of HK$100,000 (US$12,900).
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: R.U.R. is credited with the creation of the word robot, even though the robots in the story are fleshy meat-people.
Wikipedia page: R.U.R. (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The play begins in a factory that makes artificial people, called roboti (robots), from synthetic organic matter.
section_header: Summary
text: They are living creatures of artificial flesh and blood rather than machinery.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Rakuten is a Korean online retailer.
Wikipedia page: Rakuten (Technology)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Rakuten, Inc. (楽天株式会社, Rakuten Kabushiki-gaisha) (Japanese pronunciation: [ɾakɯ̥teɴ]) is a Japanese electronic commerce and online retailing company based in Tokyo, founded in 1997 by Japanese businessman Hiroshi Mikitani.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: American baseball umpire Al Barlick was easily recognized by his booming voice and was one of the youngest umpires in Major League Baseball history.
Wikipedia page: Al Barlick (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: MLB career | Early career
text: Barlick was offered a contract for the 1941 season, and was 26 years old at the start of the season, making him one of the youngest MLB umpires in history.
section_header: Summary
text: Barlick was known for a strong voice and for booming strike calls.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The First Battle of Bull Run was the intial big battle of the Civil War and proved that many more wars would occur before the civil war ended.
Wikipedia page: First Battle of Bull Run (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The First Battle of Bull Run (the name used by Union forces), also known as the First Battle of Manassas (the name used by Confederate forces), was the first major battle of the American Civil War and was a Confederate victory.
section_header: Aftermath | Conclusions
text: The First Battle of Bull Run demonstrated that the war would not be won by one grand battle, and both sides began preparing for a long and bloody conflict.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Swedish composer and pianist Charles-Camille Saint-Saëns was a pioneer in recording music with him being first recorded in 1904 and later in 1919.
Wikipedia page: Camille Saint-Saëns (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Charles-Camille Saint-Saëns (French: [ʃaʁl kamij sɛ̃ sɑ̃(s)]; 9 October 1835 – 16 December 1921) was a French composer, organist, conductor and pianist of the Romantic era.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Adenauer was a Frenchman who was the 2nd leader of the Agnostic Republican Union.
Wikipedia page: Konrad Adenauer (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: He was co-founder and first leader of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU) (until 1966), a Christian Democratic party that under his leadership became one of the most influential parties in the country.
section_header: Summary
text: Konrad Hermann Joseph Adenauer (German: [ˈkɔnʁaːt ˈʔaːdənaʊɐ] (listen); 5 January 1876 – 19 April 1967) was a German statesman who served as the first Chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany) from 1949 to 1963.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The 1956 film The Ten Commandments was broadcasted on television.
Wikipedia page: The Ten Commandments (1956 film) (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Television broadcast
text: The Ten Commandments was first broadcast on the ABC network on February 18, 1973, and has aired annually on the network since then, with the exception of 1999, traditionally during the Passover and Easter holidays.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Celtic F.C. is an Irish football club.
Wikipedia page: Celtic F.C. (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The Celtic Football Club ( SEL-tik) is a Scottish professional football club based in Glasgow, which plays in the Scottish Premiership.
section_header: Summary
text: The club was founded in 1887 with the purpose of alleviating poverty in the immigrant Irish population in the East End of Glasgow.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: We know exactly who wrote this book.
Wikipedia page: Le Morte d'Arthur (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Authorship
text: The exact identity of the author of Le Morte d'Arthur has long been the subject of speculation, owing to the fact that at least six historical figures bore the name of "Sir Thomas Malory" in the late 15th century.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Dazzy Vance advised boys everywhere to consider playing baseball when thinking about what to be when they grew up.
Wikipedia page: Dazzy Vance (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Major league career
text: However, just a week later commenting for a newspaper article, Vance said that he did not recommend baseball as a career to young men.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Rich Gossage was primarily known as a starting pitcher.
Wikipedia page: Rich Gossage (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Richard Michael "Goose" Gossage (born July 5, 1951) is a former Major League Baseball right-handed relief pitcher.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Two Gentlemen of Verona is a comical play.
Wikipedia page: Two Gentlemen of Verona (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The Two Gentlemen of Verona is a comedy by William Shakespeare, believed to have been written between 1589 and 1593.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The 1992 romantic film Howards End was filmed in Sydney.
Wikipedia page: Howards End (film) (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Production | Filming locations
text: Filming locations in London included a house in Victoria Square, which stood in for the Schlegel home, Fortnum & Mason in Piccadilly, Simpson's-in-the-Strand restaurant, and St. Pancras Station.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Look Homeward, Angel: A Story of the Buried Life hast mostly received mixed critics around the world.
Wikipedia page: Look Homeward, Angel (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Critical reception
text: Look Homeward, Angel was published in 1929 to generally positive reviews in North America, most praising the author's brilliance and emotional power.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The initial proposal of the canal was done in the late 1700's.
Wikipedia page: Erie Canal (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The canal was first proposed in the 1780s, then re-proposed in 1807.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Despite receiving significant criticism regarding the labor practices of its contractors, the company has a high level of brand loyalty.
Wikipedia page: Apple Inc. (Technology)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: However, Apple receives significant criticism regarding the labor practices of its contractors, its environmental practices and unethical business practices, including anti-competitive behavior, as well as the origins of source materials.
section_header: Summary
text: The company also has a high level of brand loyalty and is ranked as the world's most valuable brand.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Golden State Warriors ended up in California after a new team owner took over.
Wikipedia page: Golden State Warriors (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Franchise history | 1959–1965: The Wilt Chamberlain era
text: In 1962, Franklin Mieuli purchased the majority shares of the team and relocated the franchise to the San Francisco Bay Area, renaming them the San Francisco Warriors.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Grover Cleveland allowed tons of people to settle in indigenous peoples' land and directly contradict previous agreements.
Wikipedia page: Grover Cleveland (History)
Evidence:
section_header: First presidency (1885–1889) | Native American policy
text: In the month before Cleveland's 1885 inauguration, President Arthur opened four million acres of Winnebago and Crow Creek Indian lands in the Dakota Territory to white settlement by executive order.
section_header: First presidency (1885–1889) | Native American policy
text: Cleveland believed Arthur's order to be in violation of treaties with the tribes, and rescinded it on April 17 of that year, ordering the settlers out of the territory.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Lenovo Group's main office is in Japan.
Wikipedia page: Lenovo Group (Technology)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Lenovo Group Limited, often shortened to Lenovo ( leh-NOH-voh), is a Hong Kong-based  multinational technology company headquartered in Quarry Bay, and with operational headquarters in Morrisville, North Carolina and Beijing.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Much of Modest Mussorgsky's musical style was influenced by Russia's history and stories of lore.
Wikipedia page: Modest Mussorgsky (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Many of  his works were inspired by Russian history, Russian folklore, and other national themes.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: First Battle of Bull Run was the first Confederate win.
Wikipedia page: First Battle of Bull Run (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The First Battle of Bull Run (the name used by Union forces), also known as the First Battle of Manassas (the name used by Confederate forces), was the first major battle of the American Civil War and was a Confederate victory.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Piazza is the youngest of four brothers.
Wikipedia page: Mike Piazza (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Childhood
text: He is of Italian and Slovak ancestry, and is the second-oldest son of Vince and Veronica, with brothers Vince Jr., Danny, Tony, and Tommy.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Josh Gibson was an Irish baseball player from Dublin, Ireland.
Wikipedia page: Josh Gibson (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Joshua Gibson (c. December 21, 1911 – January 20, 1947) was an American Negro league baseball catcher.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Despite the struggles, young Amos Rusie finished his studies.
Wikipedia page: Amos Rusie (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: When he was still young, his family moved to nearby Indianapolis, Indiana, where he eventually quit school to work in a factory.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Joe Kelley was stationed on the right side of the baseball diamond.
Wikipedia page: Joe Kelley (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Joseph James Kelley (December 9, 1871 – August 14, 1943) was an American left fielder in Major League Baseball (MLB) who starred in the outfield of the Baltimore Orioles teams of the 1890s.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Belgium is bordered by four European countries.
Wikipedia page: Belgium (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Geography
text: Belgium shares borders with France (620 km), Germany (167 km), Luxembourg (148 km) and the Netherlands (450 km).
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Morgan Bulkeley was the president of the American League and the third president of Aetna Life Insurance Company.
Wikipedia page: Morgan Bulkeley (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: He was elected to the National Baseball Hall of Fame in recognition of his role as the first president of the National League.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Godfather was based on a book with a different name.
Wikipedia page: The Godfather (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The Godfather is a 1972 American crime film directed by Francis Ford Coppola who co-wrote the screenplay with Mario Puzo, based on Puzo's best-selling 1969 novel of the same name.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Alan Turing is considered the father of theoretical computer science and was born in Germany.
Wikipedia page: Alan Turing (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life and education | Family
text: Turing was born in Maida Vale, London, while his father, Julius Mathison Turing (1873–1947), was on leave from his position with the Indian Civil Service (ICS) at Chatrapur, then in the Madras Presidency and presently in Odisha state, in India.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Pandavas and Bonitta war caused Arjuna to struggle as he had family on both sides of the war.
Wikipedia page: Bhagavadgita (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: At the start of the Dharma Yudhha (righteous war) between Pandavas and Kauravas, Arjuna is filled with moral dilemma and despair about the violence and death the war will cause in the battle against his own kin.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Apollo 13 was a movie by Steven Spielberg and was based off a book of the same name.
Wikipedia page: Apollo 13 (film) (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The screenplay by William Broyles Jr. and Al Reinert dramatizes the aborted 1970 Apollo 13 lunar mission and is an adaptation of the 1994 book Lost Moon: The Perilous Voyage of Apollo 13 by astronaut Jim Lovell and Jeffrey Kluger.
section_header: Summary
text: Apollo 13 is a 1995 American space docudrama film directed by Ron Howard and starring Tom Hanks, Kevin Bacon, Bill Paxton, Ed Harris, and Gary Sinise.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Frances Louise McDormand, adopted daughter of a Canadian pastor, once played the part of Yaweh in a series.
Wikipedia page: Frances McDormand (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Career
text: In 2019, McDormand played God in Good Omens.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The novel Alice's Adventures in Wonderland was written by a physcist.
Wikipedia page: Alice in Wonderland (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Writing style and themes | Mathematics
text: As Carroll was a mathematician at Christ Church, it has been suggested that there are many references and mathematical concepts in both this story and Through the Looking-Glass.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The soundtrack for the film was made by the Byrds.
Wikipedia page: The Graduate (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Production | Music
text: The film boosted the profile of folk-rock duo Simon & Garfunkel.
section_header: Production | Music
text: By the time they had nearly finished editing the film, Simon had only written one new song.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Several drinks are named after William.
Wikipedia page: William Wallace (History)
Evidence:
section_header: In popular culture | Beer
text: A brewery in Bridge of Allan, Scotland, makes a Scottish ale named "William Wallace", and Scottish Maclays Brewery had a beer called "Wallace".
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Shanghai's port is the world's busiest container port and the most populous city proper in the world
Wikipedia page: Shanghai (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Originally a fishing village and market town
section_header: Summary
text: With a population of 24.28 million as of 2019, it is the most populous urban area in China and the second most populous city proper in the world.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Lord Jim was initially issued in a periodical as a series.
Wikipedia page: Lord Jim (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Lord Jim is a novel by Joseph Conrad originally published as a serial in Blackwood's Magazine from October 1899 to November 1900.
Verdict: SUPPORTS