tasksource/fool-me-twice huggingface dataset:
Claim: Bruno Mars's songs are mostly in the Rhythm and Blues category of popular music.
Wikipedia page: Bruno Mars (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Artistry | Musical style and themes
text: Mars's music has been noted for displaying a wide variety of styles, musical genres, and influences, including pop, R&B, funk, soul, reggae, hip hop, and rock.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Zootopia was an animated movie about talking animals and one is a bunny that is a doctor.
Wikipedia page: Zootopia (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Taking place in the titular city where anthropomorphic mammals coexist, it tells a story of an unlikely partnership between a rabbit police officer and a red fox con artist, as they uncover a criminal conspiracy involving the disappearance of predators.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Lucas gave up on letting David Prowse or Orson Welles (two early options) voice Darth Vader, eventually settling on James Earl Jones to provide the character's dubbing.
Wikipedia page: Darth Vader (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Creation and development | Portrayals
text: Lucas originally intended for Orson Welles to voice Vader (after dismissing using Prowse's own voice due to his English West Country accent, leading to the rest of the cast nicknaming him "Darth Farmer").
section_header: Creation and development | Portrayals
text: After deciding that Welles's voice would be too recognizable, he cast the lesser-known James Earl Jones instead.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Recursion properties sometimes occur in nature.
Wikipedia page: Recursion (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: In biology
text: Shapes that seem to have been created by recursive processes sometimes appear in plants and animals, e.g. in branching structures where one large part branches out to two or more similar smaller parts.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: American series The Hunger Games is set in 2080.
Wikipedia page: The Hunger Games (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Setting
text: The Hunger Games trilogy takes place in an unspecified future time, in the dystopian, post-apocalyptic nation of Panem, located in North America.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Mumbai translates to Indian in the Marathi language.
Wikipedia page: Mumbai (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Etymology
text: The name Mumbai is derived from Mumbā or Mahā-Ambā—the name of the patron goddess (kuladevata) Mumbadevi of the native Koli community— and ā'ī meaning "mother" in the Marathi language, which is the mother tongue of the Koli people and the official language of Maharashtra.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: In the movie version of Cat on a Hot Tin Roof, Brick wasn't allowed to lust after another character because of the sexual mores of the time.
Wikipedia page: Cat on a Hot Tin Roof (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Adaptations
text: The Hays Code limited Brick's portrayal of sexual desire for Skipper, and diminished the original play's critique of homophobia and sexism.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: This book is very pro-colonial, which is to be expected of an American writer publishing his work in London at the time.
Wikipedia page: Typee (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Critical response
text: Typee's narrative expresses sympathy for the so-called savage natives, while criticizing the missionaries' attempts to civilize them:  It may be asserted without fear of contradictions that in all the cases of outrages committed by Polynesians, Europeans have at some time or other been the aggressors, and that the cruel and bloodthirsty disposition of some of the islanders is mainly to be ascribed to
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Palmer was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 2003.
Wikipedia page: Jim Palmer (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Career in baseball | 1980s
text: Palmer was elected to the Hall of Fame in 1990, his first year of eligibility.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The movie, American Sniper was also shot in a country in Africa.
Wikipedia page: American Sniper (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Production | Filming
text: Principal photography began on March 31, 2014 in Los Angeles; it was also shot in Morocco.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Abbeys are buildings for monks along with other participants of a religious order.
Wikipedia page: Abbey (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Abbeys provides a complex of buildings and land for religious activities, work, and housing of Christian monks and nuns.
section_header: Summary
text: An abbey is a type of monastery used by members of a religious order under the governance of an abbot or abbess.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Some one painted a support message to an Egyptian god on the Georgia Guidestones monument.
Wikipedia page: Georgia Guidestones (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: History
text: In September 2014, an employee of the Elbert County maintenance department contacted the Federal Bureau of Investigation when the stones were vandalized with graffiti including the phrase " I Am Isis, goddess of love".
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Wilmot Proviso did fail in the Senate several times.
Wikipedia page: Wilmot Proviso (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: It was reintroduced in February 1847 and again passed the House and failed in the Senate.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The play Fiddler on the Roof opened in 1964 on Broadway.
Wikipedia page: Fiddler on the Roof (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Productions | Original productions
text: Following its tryout at Detroit's Fisher Theatre in July and August 1964, then Washington in August to September, the original Broadway production opened on September 22, 1964, at the Imperial Theatre, transferred in 1967 to the Majestic Theatre and in 1970 to The Broadway Theatre, and ran for a record-setting total of 3,242 performances.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Def Leppard is a British rock band.
Wikipedia page: Def Leppard (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: History | Early years (1977–1979)
text: Throughout 1979, the band developed a loyal following among British hard rock and heavy metal fans and were considered among the leaders of the new wave of British heavy metal movement.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Harry Hooper had three siblings and completed his higher learning with a degree emphasizing the subject of math.
Wikipedia page: Harry Hooper (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: Harry was the youngest child in his family of four; he had a sister named Lulu and twin brothers named George and Charlie.
section_header: Early life
text: After graduating from the high school affiliated with Saint Mary's College of California, Hooper graduated from college there with an engineering degree.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Paul and his brother were the first set of brothers to be inducted in the Hall of Fame.
Wikipedia page: Paul Waner (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: When his younger brother Lloyd Waner got elected to the Hall of Fame they became the second pair of brothers in the National Baseball Hall of Fame, after Harry and George Wright.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Crane was a soldier in the first World War and that is how he had the experiences to write about what it's like on the battlefield.
Wikipedia page: The Red Badge of Courage (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Historical accuracy and inspiration
text: Nevertheless, the realistic portrayal of the battlefield in The Red Badge of Courage has often misled readers into thinking that Crane (despite being born six years after the end of the Civil War) was himself a veteran.
section_header: Historical accuracy and inspiration
text: Although Crane once wrote in a letter, "You can tell nothing... unless you are in that condition yourself," he wrote The Red Badge of Courage without any experience of war.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The poem, Thanatopsis, was cited in a 2020 movie and only made the writer fewer than 15 dollars in the first few years.
Wikipedia page: Thanatopsis (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Appearances in popular culture
text: In the 2020 film Driveways, Jerry Adler quotes the poem as a sudden memory from his childhood; a sign he has dementia.
section_header: Critical reception
text: Nevertheless, over five years, it earned Bryant only $14.92.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Dire Straits is  a musical band from Great Britain.
Wikipedia page: Dire Straits (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Dire Straits were a British rock band formed in London in 1977 by Mark Knopfler (lead vocals and lead guitar), David Knopfler (rhythm guitar and backing vocals), John Illsley (bass guitar and backing vocals), and Pick Withers (drums and percussion).
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: After his diagnosis, Hawking made journeys by plane again, traveling only by train and boat.
Wikipedia page: Stephen Hawking (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Personal life | Plans for a trip to space
text: On 26 April 2007, Hawking flew aboard a specially-modified Boeing 727-200 jet operated by Zero-G Corp off the coast of Florida to experience weightlessness.
section_header: Career | 2000–2018
text: For practical reasons related to his disability, Hawking increasingly travelled by private jet, and by 2011 that had become his only mode of international travel.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: American actor Leonardo Wilhelm DiCaprio has two siblings.
Wikipedia page: Leonardo DiCaprio (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life and acting background
text: Leonardo Wilhelm DiCaprio was born on November 11, 1974 in Los Angeles, California, the only child of Irmelin (née Indenbirken), a legal secretary, and George DiCaprio, an underground comix writer, publisher, and distributor of comic books.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Apollo 13 tells the story of the successful mission.
Wikipedia page: Apollo 13 (film) (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Technical and historical accuracy
text: The show The Real Story: Apollo 13 broadcast on the Smithsonian Channel includes Haise stating that no such argument took place and that there was no way anyone could have foreseen that stirring the tank would cause problems.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Bud Selig was brought up in an Islamic household.
Wikipedia page: Bud Selig (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: Selig was born in Milwaukee, and grew up in a Jewish family.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: "Crossing the Bar" is an 1889 poem by Alfred, Lord Tennyson that has been arranged as music  about the Divine escorting lives unseen until death and the crossing over.
Wikipedia page: Crossing the Bar (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Overview
text: words have been set to music by Sir Hubert Parry, Sir Joseph Barnby, Geoffrey Shaw, Dr. George Hewson (organist at St Patrick's Cathedral Dublin), Charles Ives, Gwyneth Van Anden Walker, and by John Philip Sousa, popularly known as the USA's "March King".
section_header: Overview
text: Tennyson explained, "The Pilot has been on board all the while, but in the dark I have not seen him
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Monte Irvin's teammates fought to have an effigy built in his likeness and displayed outside of the baseball stadium, but were denied due to lack of funds.
Wikipedia page: Monte Irvin (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Later life
text: On October 19, 2016, a life-sized bronze statue of Irvin was dedicated in Monte Irvin Park.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Elizabeth was a film that starred Kate Winslow and Leonardo DiCaprio and premiered in 1998.
Wikipedia page: Elizabeth (film) (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Elizabeth is a 1998 British biographical drama film written by Michael Hirst, directed by Shekhar Kapur, and starring Cate Blanchett in the title role of Queen Elizabeth I of England, alongside Geoffrey Rush, Christopher Eccleston, Joseph Fiennes, John Gielgud, Fanny Ardant, and Richard Attenborough.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: John Joseph McGraw was an orphan.
Wikipedia page: John McGraw (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Early years
text: He became abusive toward the boy; and later on in 1885 (still only 12 years old), Johnny ran away.
section_header: Early years
text: Johnny's father, understandably bitter, heaped even more responsibility on the young boy's shoulders, and had very little patience for his son's passion for baseball.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Mass is a unit of measurement against resistance.
Wikipedia page: Mass (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Mass is both a property of a physical body and a measure of its resistance to acceleration (a change in its state of motion) when a net force is applied.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Willie Wells' moniker was "Wheels" referencing a training incident that left him in a wheelchair with two broken legs before his first season, which he recovered from, making an amazing comeback and retaining the 'speed to run down anything that came his direction'.
Wikipedia page: Willie Wells (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Willie James Wells (August 10, 1906 – January 22, 1989), nicknamed "The Devil," was an American baseball player.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: On the Waterfront takes place in Hoboken, New Jersey.
Wikipedia page: On the Waterfront (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The film focuses on union violence and corruption amongst longshoremen, while detailing widespread corruption, extortion, and racketeering on the waterfronts of Hoboken, New Jersey.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Rape of the Lock is not a funny poem.
Wikipedia page: The Rape of the Lock (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Description
text: Although the poem is humorous at times, Pope keeps a sense that beauty is fragile, and emphasizes that the loss of a lock of hair touches Belinda deeply.
section_header: Description
text: The humour of the poem comes from the storm in a teacup being couched within the elaborate, formal verbal structure of an epic poem.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Before entering politics, Lincoln was born into poverty in a log house in Sangamon county, Illinois.
Wikipedia page: Abraham Lincoln (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Family and childhood | Early life
text: Abraham Lincoln was born on February 12, 1809, the second child of Thomas Lincoln and Nancy Hanks Lincoln, in a one-room log cabin on Sinking Spring Farm near Hodgenville, Kentucky.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Drake started out as a performer on a TV show and he left the show in 2007.
Wikipedia page: Drake (musician) (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: He initially gained recognition as an actor on the teen drama television series Degrassi: The Next Generation in the 2000s; intent on pursuing a career in music, he left the series in 2007 after releasing his debut mixtape Room for Improvement.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Noble gases make up a class of chemical elements with similar properties and krypton is not one of the six naturally occurring noble gases..
Wikipedia page: Noble gas (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The six naturally occurring noble gases are helium (He), neon (Ne), argon (
section_header: Summary
text: Ar), krypton (Kr), xenon (Xe), and the radioactive radon (Rn).
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The movie is about getting away from The Mob.
Wikipedia page: Some Like It Hot (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The film is about two musicians who dress in drag in order to escape from mafia gangsters whom they witnessed committing a crime (inspired by the Saint Valentine's Day Massacre).
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Pope Leo X was bad with money and left the Papacy with a negative balance.
Wikipedia page: Pope Leo X (NOCAT)
Evidence:
section_header: Death and Legacy | Excessive spending
text: By the end of his pontificate in 1521 the papal treasury was 400,000 ducats in debt.
section_header: Death and Legacy | Excessive spending
text: Within two years of becoming Pope, Leo X spent all of the treasure amassed by the previous Pope, the frugal Julius II, and drove the Papacy into deep debt.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: It was the 20th most visited city in the world.
Wikipedia page: Barcelona (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Economy | Tourism
text: Barcelona was the 20th-most-visited city in the world by international visitors and the fifth most visited city in Europe after London, Paris, Istanbul and Rome, with 5.5 million international visitors in 2011.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Haymarket affair started out as a peaceful rally.
Wikipedia page: Haymarket affair (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: It began as a peaceful rally in support of workers striking for an eight-hour work day, the day after police killed eight workers.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Petronas Twin Towers in Malaysia has some space available to lease to other companies and includes wading pools and a children's playground.
Wikipedia page: Petronas Towers (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Anchor tenants
text: Tower One is fully occupied by Petronas and a number of its subsidiaries and associate companies, while the office spaces in Tower Two are mostly available for lease to other companies.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Rick Ferrell is from Seattle Washington.
Wikipedia page: Rick Ferrell (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: He died in July 1995. Richard Benjamin Ferrell was born on October 12, 1905 in Durham, North Carolina, to Rufus and Alice, and grew up on a 160-acre dairy farm near Greensboro, North Carolina.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Pope Gregory I was the first pope to try and convert Muslims to Christianity in the 6th century and later was known as Saint Gregory the Great.
Wikipedia page: Pope Gregory I (NOCAT)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: He is known for instigating the first recorded large-scale mission from Rome, the Gregorian Mission, to convert the then-pagan Anglo-Saxons in England to Christianity.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Moonstone's title was inspired from a magazine.
Wikipedia page: The Moonstone (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Etymology
text: It has gained its name from its association with the Hindu god of the Moon, Chandra.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Dominican baseball player Juan Antonio Marichal Sánchez grew up without a father and in a house with no electricity.
Wikipedia page: Juan Marichal (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: His house did not have electricity, but food was plentiful since his family owned a farm.
section_header: Early life
text: His father died of an unknown illness when Marichal was three years old.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Football is the most preferred activity in Turkey but basketball and volleyball are also popular.
Wikipedia page: Turkey (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Culture | Sports
text: The most popular sport in Turkey is association football.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Massacre started in 1770.
Wikipedia page: Boston Massacre (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Legacy | Contribution to American Revolution
text: John Adams wrote that the "foundation of American independence was laid" on March 5, 1770, and Samuel Adams and other Patriots used annual commemorations (Massacre Day) to encourage public sentiment toward independence.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Grapes of Wrath is a book about a family's decision to move from Oklahoma to Oregon because of the Dust Bowl that took over the midwest.
Wikipedia page: The Grapes of Wrath (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Due to their nearly hopeless situation, and in part because they are trapped in the Dust Bowl, the Joads set out for California along with thousands of other "Okies" seeking jobs, land, dignity, and a future.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Kaddish is a doxology of eulogizes about Moses found in Islamic invocation.
Wikipedia page: Kaddish (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: "holy") is a hymn of praises about God found in Jewish prayer services.
section_header: Summary
text: Kaddish or Qaddish or Qadish (Aramaic: קדיש‎
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Larry Doby was born in Camden, South Carolina, where his father worked as a horse groomer and played semi-pro baseball, but drowned in an accident at age 37.
Wikipedia page: Larry Doby (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: Doby was born in Camden, South Carolina, to David Doby and Etta Brooks.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Old Curiosity Shop is 1 of 3 novels.
Wikipedia page: The Old Curiosity Shop (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The Old Curiosity Shop is one of two novels (the other being Barnaby Rudge) which Charles Dickens published along with short stories in his weekly serial Master Humphrey's Clock, from 1840 to 1841.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: A black hole can get bigger by taking in other objects.
Wikipedia page: Black hole (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Formation and evolution | Growth
text: Once a black hole has formed, it can continue to grow by absorbing additional matter.
section_header: Formation and evolution | Growth
text: Black holes can also merge with other objects such as stars or even other black holes.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Jon Voight has 1 sister.
Wikipedia page: Jon Voight (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: He has two brothers, Barry Voight, a former volcanologist at Pennsylvania State University, and James Wesley Voight, known as Chip Taylor, a singer-songwriter who wrote "Wild Thing" and "Angel of the Morning".
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Johan Pachelbel had several relatives.
Wikipedia page: Johann Pachelbel (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Life | 1653–1674: Early youth and education (Nuremberg, Altdorf, Regensburg)
text: Among his many siblings was an older brother, Johann Matthäus (1644–1710), who served as Kantor in Feuchtwangen, near Nuremberg.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Bill Terry average over .340 in his career hitting.
Wikipedia page: Bill Terry (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Playing career summary
text: Terry retired with 1120 runs scored, 154 home runs, 1078 runs batted in and a .341 batting average.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: In order to be in a film directed by Christopher Nolan, Leonardo DiCaprio bought the book rights for the film.
Wikipedia page: Leonardo DiCaprio (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Career | 2010–2013: Collaboration with Martin Scorsese
text: To star in this film, DiCaprio agreed to a pay cut from his $20 million fee, in favor of splitting first-dollar gross points, meaning he received a percentage of cinema ticket sales.
section_header: Career | 2010–2013: Collaboration with Martin Scorsese
text: Also in 2010, DiCaprio starred in Christopher Nolan's ensemble science-fiction film Inception.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Karl Goldmark was a Hungarian born Viennese composer and had a son that was also a composer out of New York.
Wikipedia page: Karl Goldmark (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Life and career
text: Goldmark's nephew Rubin Goldmark (1872–1936), a pupil of Dvořák, was also a composer, who spent his career in New York.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Man Who Would Be King has been the name of more than one song.
Wikipedia page: The Man Who Would Be King (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Adaptations | Music
text: The ninth track on Iron Maiden's 15th studio album, The Final Frontier, is entitled "The Man Who Would Be King".
section_header: Adaptations | Music
text: "The Man Who Would Be King", a 2004 song written by Pete Doherty and Carl Barât of The Libertines, appears in their self-titled second album.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Ray Dandridge was a first baseman in the Negro Leagues but never inducted to Cooperstown's Hall of Fame.
Wikipedia page: Ray Dandridge (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Raymond Emmitt Dandridge (August 31, 1913 – February 12, 1994), nicknamed "Hooks" and "Squat", was an American third baseman in baseball's Negro leagues.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: LaGuardia Airport is one of the top 20 busiest airport in the US and cost over 20 million dollars to build the facilities.
Wikipedia page: LaGuardia Airport (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The airport is the third busiest airport serving New York City, and the twentieth busiest in the United States.
section_header: History | Opening and early years
text: It cost New York City $23 million to turn the tiny North Beach Airport into a 550-acre (220 ha) modern facility.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Jolson Story included an extremely inappropriate style of stage make-up which would no longer be tolerated by the industry or moviegoers.
Wikipedia page: The Jolson Story (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Production
text: Al Jolson, determined to appear on screen somehow, persuaded the producer to film him instead of Larry Parks for the blackface "Swanee" number.
section_header: Plot
text: At a variety show, blackface entertainer Tom Baron passes out drunk, and Al goes on in his place.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The 1944 film Going My Way has never been done as a play.
Wikipedia page: Going My Way (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Adaptations
text: It was also adapted for the May 3, 1954, broadcast of Lux Radio Theater with Barry Fitzgerald.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Ozzie Smith never married.
Wikipedia page: Ozzie Smith (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Professional baseball career | San Diego Padres
text: It was also during the 1978 season that Smith introduced a signature move.
section_header: Professional baseball career | San Diego Padres
text: The couple developed a relationship that was sometimes long-distance in nature, and eventually decided to marry.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Kublai Khan did create the Yuan Dynasty.
Wikipedia page: Kublai Khan (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: He also founded the Yuan dynasty in China as a conquest dynasty in 1271, and ruled as the first Yuan emperor until his death in 1294.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Multiple publishing companies pass on The Diary of Anne Frank before it was finally picked up.
Wikipedia page: The Diary of Anne Frank (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Editorial history | Publication in English
text: As well, Judith Jones, while working for the publisher Doubleday, read and recommended the Diary, pulling it out of the rejection pile.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The left-handed pitcher in Major League Baseball, Rube Marquard, lost both of his parents, causing him to grow up with a close American relative.
Wikipedia page: Rube Marquard (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: Lena Marquard died of an abdominal infection in 1899 and Rube's grandmother took responsibility for raising him.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Paul von Hindenburg served in the military during World War II.
Wikipedia page: Paul von Hindenburg (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: ˈhɪndn̩bʊɐ̯k] (listen); 2 October 1847 – 2 August 1934), was a German general and statesman who led the Imperial German Army during World War I and later became President of Germany from 1925 until his death during the Weimar Republic.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Morgan Freeman's brother's death was caused by a disease of the liver.
Wikipedia page: Morgan Freeman (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life and background
text: He is the son of Mayme Edna (née Revere; 1912–2000), a teacher, and Morgan Porterfield Freeman (July 6, 1915 – April 27, 1961), a barber, who died of cirrhosis in 1961.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Ambassadors is a novel by Henry James that is written from antagonists perspective.
Wikipedia page: The Ambassadors (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The novel is a dark comedy which follows the trip of protagonist Lewis Lambert Strether to Europe in pursuit of Chad Newsome, his widowed fiancée's supposedly wayward son; he is to bring the young man back to the family business, but he encounters unexpected complications.
section_header: Summary
text: The third-person narrative is told exclusively from Strether's point of view.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Napoleon became notorious as an artillery commander during the French Revolution and was Emperor of the French as Napoleon I from 1804 until 1824.
Wikipedia page: Napoleon (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: He led many successful campaigns during the French Revolutionary Wars and was Emperor of the French as Napoleon I from 1804 until 1814 and again briefly in 1815 during the Hundred Days.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: R. Kelly has never had any controversial allegations whatsoever.
Wikipedia page: R. Kelly (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Controversies | Allegations of child pornography and abuse
text: In 1998, Kelly paid Tiffany Hawkins $250,000 after she claimed Kelly had induced her to have group sex with other teenage girls when she was 15 years old.
section_header: Controversies | Alleged sex cult
text: Jim DeRogatis reported for BuzzFeed News on July 17, 2017, that Kelly was accused by three sets of parents of holding their daughters in an "abusive cult".
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Diamond's only wife died in 2012.
Wikipedia page: Neil Diamond (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Personal life
text: Diamond has been married three times.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: In the Boxer Rebellion from 1899 to 1901 in China, French people attacked the countryside.
Wikipedia page: Boxer Rebellion (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Aftermath | Occupation, looting, and atrocities
text: French troops ravaged the countryside around Beijing on behalf of Chinese Catholics.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Volpone is a tragedy about a blind man who helps a girl in his town find her freedom.
Wikipedia page: Volpone (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Volpone (Italian for "sly fox") is a comedy play by English playwright Ben Jonson first produced in 1605–1606, drawing on elements of city comedy and beast fable.
section_header: Summary
text: A merciless satire of greed and lust, it remains Jonson's most-performed play, and it is ranked among the finest Jacobean era comedies.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Bacchae is an ancient Greek tragedy, and appeared as part of a tetralogy in 405 AD
Wikipedia page: Bacchae (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The Bacchae (; Greek: Βάκχαι, Bakchai; also known as The Bacchantes ) is an ancient Greek tragedy, written by the Athenian playwright Euripides during his final years in Macedonia, at the court of Archelaus I of Macedon.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Leaves of Grass is an omnibus of Ernest Hemingway's works.
Wikipedia page: Leaves of Grass (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Leaves of Grass is a poetry collection by the American poet Walt Whitman (1819–1892).
section_header: Summary
text: Although the first edition was published in 1855, Whitman spent most of his professional life writing and re-writing Leaves of Grass, revising it multiple times until his death.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Baseball player Hank O'Day was an umpire scout too after careers as an umpire and a pitcher along with all nine positions.
Wikipedia page: Hank O'Day (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Playing career
text: O'Day made his major league debut on May 2, 1884, and served as the team's second pitcher behind Tony Mullane.
section_header: Later life
text: O'Day became an umpiring scout after he retired from active umpiring in 1927.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Rivals was played in London for the first time.
Wikipedia page: The Rivals (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: History | Reception
text: The Rivals was first performed at Covent Garden, London, on 17 January 1775, with comedian Mary Bulkley as Julia Melville.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Mr. Smith Goes to Washington failed at the boxoffice causing James Stewart to lose a lot of his popularity.
Wikipedia page: Mr. Smith Goes to Washington (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The film was controversial when it was first released, but successful at the box office, and it made Stewart a major star.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Watership Down occurs in Britain.
Wikipedia page: Watership Down (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Origin and publication history
text: The title refers to the rabbits' destination, Watership Down, a hill in the north of Hampshire, England, near the area where Adams grew up.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Forty-two percent of extinctions are molluscs.
Wikipedia page: Mollusca (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Diversity
text: About 42% of recorded extinctions since the year 1500 are of molluscs, consisting almost entirely of nonmarine species.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: A.C. Milan shares its stadium with an adversary team.
Wikipedia page: A.C. Milan (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The stadium, which is shared with city rivals Internazionale, is the largest in Italian football, with a total capacity of 80,018.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Burleigh Grimes is a Wisconsinite.
Wikipedia page: Burleigh Grimes (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: Born in Emerald, Wisconsin, Grimes was the first child of Nick Grimes, a farmer and former day laborer, and the former Ruth Tuttle, the daughter of a former Wisconsin legislator.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: A Study in Scarlet's author was in his late 20s when he finished it.
Wikipedia page: A Study in Scarlet (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Publication
text: Conan Doyle wrote the novel at the age of 27 in less than three weeks.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Burr killed a military officer and was charged with murder in 1810.
Wikipedia page: Aaron Burr (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: His role in helping form the nation, however, would be overshadowed when he killed fellow Founding Father Alexander Hamilton in an 1804 duel and the charges of treason brought against him in 1807.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Rock was a juvenile delinquent.
Wikipedia page: Dwayne Johnson (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: He was arrested multiple times for fighting, theft, and check fraud before the age of 17.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Coriolis effect was first talked about by Galilei but was published by Coriolis in the 1800s.
Wikipedia page: Coriolis effect (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: History
text: The Coriolis acceleration equation was derived by Euler in 1749, and the effect was described in the tidal equations of Pierre-Simon Laplace in 1778.Gaspard-Gustave Coriolis published a paper in 1835 on the energy yield of machines with rotating parts, such as waterwheels.
section_header: Causes
text: This effect (see Eötvös effect below) was discussed by Galileo Galilei in 1632 and by Riccioli in 1651.) This effect (see Eötvös effect below) was discussed by Galileo Galilei in 1632 and by Riccioli in 1651.) if the velocity is against the direction of rotation, the Coriolis force is inward to the axis. (On Earth, this situation occurs for a body on the equator moving west, which would deflect downward as seen by an observer.) The Coriolis force exists only when one uses a rotating reference frame.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Wise Blood was a novel by French author and is about a World War 2 veteran who is haunted by a crisis of faith.
Wikipedia page: Wise Blood (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Wise Blood is the first novel by American author Flannery O'Connor, published in 1952.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The character of Rachel in The Moonstone turns in Franklin for the local law because she believes he stole a precious jewel.
Wikipedia page: The Moonstone (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Plot summary
text: To his astonishment she tells him she actually saw him steal the diamond and has been protecting his reputation at the cost of her own even though she believes him to be a thief and a hypocrite.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Sunset Boulevard is a street that is close to thirty five kilometers long.
Wikipedia page: Sunset Boulevard (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Geography
text: Approximately 22 miles (35 km) in length, the boulevard roughly traces the arc of mountains that form part of the northern boundary of the Los Angeles Basin, following the path of a 1780s cattle trail from the Pueblo de Los Angeles to the ocean.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Avengers: Age of Ultron is one of the largest grossing opening weekend.
Wikipedia page: Avengers: Age of Ultron (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Reception | Box office
text: Avengers: Age of Ultron's worldwide opening of $392.5 million was the seventh-largest ever.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Henry VIII of England passed due to complications related to being really overweight.
Wikipedia page: Henry VIII of England (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: As he aged, however, he became severely overweight and his health suffered, causing his death in 1547.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: YouTube was created by three guys who all used to work for PayPal and the original idea was an online dating service.
Wikipedia page: YouTube (Technology)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Three former PayPal employees—Chad Hurley, Steve Chen, and Jawed Karim—created the service in February 2005.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Ferromagnetism is the process by which maggots get into trash.
Wikipedia page: Ferromagnetism (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Ferromagnetism is the basic mechanism by which certain materials (such as iron) form permanent magnets, or are attracted to magnets.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Cap used his fame to advance civil rights by demanding that the his team play non-league games against teams from the Negro League.
Wikipedia page: Cap Anson (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: On several occasions, Anson refused to take the field when the opposing roster included black players.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Ivan was very accomplished in equestrian husbandry and hunting games.
Wikipedia page: Ivan the Terrible (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Legacy | Popular culture
text: Ivan the Terrible is a major character in the Soviet-era fiction comedy Ivan Vasilievich: Back to the Future, based on a play by Mikhail Bulgakov.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Pope Urban was the bishop of England.
Wikipedia page: Pope Urban II (NOCAT)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Pope Urban II (Latin: Urbanus II; c. 1035 – 29 July 1099), otherwise known as Odo of Châtillon or Otho de Lagery, was the bishop of Rome and ruler of the Papal States from 12 March 1088 to his death.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Glengarry Glen Ross, a play about real estate agents, was never criticized for racism towards Native Americans.
Wikipedia page: Glengarry Glen Ross (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Controversy
text: There was controversy over lines in the play, and in the film adaptation of it, in which it was claimed prejudice was shown against Indian-Americans.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Imitation Game follows the life of Turing as he redesigned the gas chambers used in World War II.
Wikipedia page: The Imitation Game (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: It stars Benedict Cumberbatch as British cryptanalyst Alan Turing, who decrypted German intelligence messages for the British government during the Second World War.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The name Luddite was given after Ned Ludd, an apprentice who allegedly smashed two stocking frames in 1779 and whose name had become emblematic of machine destroyers.
Wikipedia page: Luddite (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Etymology
text: The name Luddite () is of uncertain origin.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Carter's mom passed of cancer.
Wikipedia page: Gary Carter (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: A month after he turned twelve in 1966, his 37-year-old mother died of leukemia.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The American sports stadium MetLife is in New York City and is used by two NFL teams.
Wikipedia page: MetLife Stadium (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: It is the home stadium of two National Football League (NFL) franchises, the New York Giants and the New York Jets.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Elton John is a lifetime member of the Tottenham Hotspur Football Club.
Wikipedia page: Elton John (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: He is an honorary life president of the club.
section_header: Summary
text: John owned Watford F.C. from 1976 to 1987 and from 1997 to 2002.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Lyons played his whole career with the same team.
Wikipedia page: Ted Lyons (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: He played in 21 MLB seasons, all with the Chicago White Sox.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Cate Blanchett is paid well for her film work.
Wikipedia page: Cate Blanchett (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Time magazine named Blanchett one of the 100 most influential people in the world in 2007 and in 2018, she was ranked among the highest-paid actresses in the world.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Eddie Collins was called "cocky" and a second baseman.
Wikipedia page: Eddie Collins (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Edward Trowbridge Collins Sr. (May 2, 1887 – March 25, 1951), nicknamed "Cocky", was an American professional baseball player, manager and executive.
section_header: Summary
text: He played as a second baseman in Major League Baseball from 1906 to 1930 for the Philadelphia Athletics and Chicago White Sox.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Atahualpa was captured by the Spaniards in 1533 and refused to convert into the Catholic faith.
Wikipedia page: Atahualpa (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Prison and execution
text: Atahualpa agreed to be baptized into the Catholic faith.
section_header: Summary
text: The Spaniard Francisco Pizarro captured Atahualpa in November 1532 and used him to control the Inca Empire.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The band is named after an area in the largest city in Illinois.
Wikipedia page: Linkin Park (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: History | 1996–2000: Early years
text: The band changed their name to Linkin Park, a play on and homage to Santa Monica's Lincoln Park, now called Christine Emerson Reed Park.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: In 2018, the University of Manchester renamed one of its campus building in her honour.
Wikipedia page: Karen Sparck Jones (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Career
text: In August 2017, the University of Huddersfield renamed one of its campus buildings in her honour.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Martin Van Buren was Dutch descant.
Wikipedia page: Martin Van Buren (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life and education
text: His father, Abraham Van Buren, was a descendant of Cornelis Maessen of the village of Buurmalsen in Netherlands, who had come to North America in 1631, and purchased a plot of land on Manhattan Island.
section_header: Early life and education
text: Van Buren was raised speaking primarily Dutch, and learned English at school; as of 2020, he remains the only President whose first language was not English.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Bob Marley has a total of 11 kids with David "Ziggy" being the eldest after Sharon, born 23 November 1964, daughter of Rita from a previous relationship but then adopted by Marley.
Wikipedia page: Bob Marley (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Personal life | Family
text: The official Bob Marley website acknowledges 11 children.
section_header: Personal life | Family
text: David "Ziggy", born 17 October 1968, to Rita
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Eugene Onegin is based on reality.
Wikipedia page: Eugene Onegin (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Major themes
text: One of the main themes of Eugene Onegin is the relationship between fiction and real life.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Hilton Smith was a National Baseball Hall of Fame pitcher that started his professional career playing baseball in Austin, Texas.
Wikipedia page: Hilton Smith (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: Born in Giddings, Texas, Smith began his career in black baseball's equivalent of the minor leagues with the Austin Black Senators in Austin, Texas.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Muhammad Ali is not his birth name and he considered himself the greatest.
Wikipedia page: Muhammad Ali (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life and amateur career
text: He was named after his father, Cassius Marcellus Clay Sr. (1912–1990), who himself was named in honor of the 19th-century Republican politician and staunch abolitionist Cassius Marcellus Clay, also from the state of Kentucky.
section_header: Legacy | In the media and popular culture
text: The Muhammad Ali effect, named after Ali, is a term that came into use in psychology in the 1980s, as he stated in The Greatest: My Own Story: " I only said I was the greatest, not the smartest." According to this effect, when people are asked to rate their intelligence and moral behavior in comparison to others, people will rate themselves as more moral, but not more intelligent than others.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Vampire Diaries was filmed in Georgia.
Wikipedia page: Georgia (U.S. state) (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Culture | Television
text: Also filmed in Georgia is The Vampire Diaries, using Covington as the setting for the fictional Mystic Falls.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: George Strait has won Entertainer of the Year five times.
Wikipedia page: George Strait (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Strait was named CMA Entertainer of the Year in 1989, 1990 and 2013, and ACM Entertainer of the Year in 1990 and 2014.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Red Ruffing was a dedicated student, and was the first in his family to graduate high school.
Wikipedia page: Red Ruffing (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: Red quit school at the age of 13 to work for his father in the mine, earning $3 per day ($51 in current dollar terms), working as a coupler.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: This was referred to at one point as Eisenhower's Mistake.
Wikipedia page: Erie Canal (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: New York Governor DeWitt Clinton denigrated it as "Clinton's Folly" or "Clinton's Big Ditch".
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Congress of Vienna did rebuild Europe.
Wikipedia page: Congress of Vienna (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: It remade Europe after the downfall of French Emperor Napoleon I.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach's middle name was attributed to him as an ode to a compatriot of his mother and not someone who was directly related to him.
Wikipedia page: Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: His second name was given in honor of his godfather Georg Philipp Telemann, a friend of Johann Sebastian Bach.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: On the Waterfront was a Marlon Brando film.
Wikipedia page: On the Waterfront (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: It stars Marlon Brando and features Karl Malden, Lee J. Cobb, Rod Steiger, Pat Henning, and Eva Marie Saint in her film debut.
section_header: Production | Casting
text: Within a week, Brando signed a contract to perform in the film.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Leonardo DiCaprio was raised in a wealthy family and pursued acting as a passion project.
Wikipedia page: Leonardo DiCaprio (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life and acting background
text: Disillusioned at this, he initially decided to quit acting, but his father encouraged him not to give up, and he needed the money to support his mother.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Adriaan Willaert was pretty famous during his lifetime in the Renaissance.
Wikipedia page: Adriaan Willaert (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Musical style and influence
text: In force of personality, and with his central position as maestro di cappella at St. Mark's, he became the most influential musician in Europe between the death of Josquin and the time of Palestrina.
section_header: Musical style and influence
text: Willaert owes much of his fame in sacred music to his motets.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Margaret Chan got a Bachelor of Art diploma and received later a Doctor of Medicine diploma from a different establishment.
Wikipedia page: Margaret Chan (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life and education
text: She then earned her BA degree in home economics at Brescia University College an affiliated institution of the University of Western Ontario (UWO) in 1973 and her MD degree at UWO in 1977.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Ruth Benedict is a California native.
Wikipedia page: Ruth Benedict (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life | Childhood
text: Benedict was born Ruth Fulton in New York City on June 5, 1887, to Beatrice (Shattuck) and Frederick Fulton.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Asoka ruled from 232 to 215 BCE.
Wikipedia page: Asoka (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Ashoka (Brāhmi: 𑀅𑀲𑁄𑀓, Asoka, IAST: Aśoka, English:  ), also known as Ashoka the Great, was an Indian emperor of the Maurya Dynasty, who ruled almost all of the Indian subcontinent from c. 268 to 232 BCE.
Verdict: REFUTES