tasksource/fool-me-twice huggingface dataset:
Claim: Crime and Punishment is a novel about a former law student who thinks about killing a pawn broker.
Wikipedia page: Crime and Punishment (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Plot | Part 1
text: Isolated and antisocial, he has abandoned all attempts to support himself, and is brooding obsessively on a scheme he has devised to murder and rob an elderly pawn-broker.
section_header: Plot | Part 1
text: Rodion Romanovich Raskolnikov, a former law student, lives in extreme poverty in a tiny, rented room in Saint Petersburg.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: A ghost is a "spirit" that is not natural and is considered undesirable.
Wikipedia page: Ghosts (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Typology | Fear of ghosts
text: While deceased ancestors are universally regarded as venerable, and often believed to have a continued presence in some form of afterlife, the spirit of a deceased person that persists in the material world (a ghost) is regarded as an unnatural or undesirable state of affairs and the idea of ghosts or revenants is associated with a reaction of fear.
section_header: Summary
text: In folklore, a ghost (sometimes known as an apparition, haunt, phantom, poltergeist, shade, specter or spectre, spirit, spook, and wraith) is the soul or spirit of a dead person or animal that can appear to the living.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Hurt Locker was directed by a female and won Best picture.
Wikipedia page: The Hurt Locker (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Production
text: Although the film had not recovered its budget by the time of the ceremony, it won six Oscars, including Best Picture, Best Director for Bigelow (the first woman to win this award), and Best Original Screenplay for Boal.
section_header: Summary
text: The Hurt Locker is a 2008 American war thriller film directed by Kathryn Bigelow and written by Mark Boal.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Beckley was referred to as "Butter Face" in baseball.
Wikipedia page: Jake Beckley (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Jacob Peter Beckley (August 4, 1867 – June 25, 1918), nicknamed Eagle Eye, was an American professional baseball first baseman.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Kanye West's mother was a professor at the University of Georgia.
Wikipedia page: Kanye West (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: West's mother, Dr. Donda C. (Williams) West, was a professor of English at Clark Atlanta University, and the Chair of the English Department at Chicago State University, before retiring to serve as his manager.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Willie McCovey was a San Francisco Giants player and born in the South.
Wikipedia page: Willie McCovey (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: He played in Major League Baseball as a first baseman from 1959 to 1980, most notably as a member of the San Francisco Giants for whom he played with for 19 seasons.
section_header: Early life
text: McCovey was born in Mobile, Alabama, the seventh child of ten born to Frank McCovey, a railroad worker, and Esther.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The initial theme park was opened in Orlando, Florida.
Wikipedia page: Disneyland (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Disneyland Park, originally Disneyland, is the first of two theme parks built at the Disneyland Resort in Anaheim, California, opened on July 17, 1955.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Fighter was produced by Micky Ward.
Wikipedia page: The Fighter (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The Fighter is a 2010 American biographical sports drama film directed by David O. Russell, and starring Mark Wahlberg (who also produced), Christian Bale, Amy Adams, and Melissa Leo.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Ulysses Grant had three sons and a daughter.
Wikipedia page: Ulysses S. Grant (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Early military career and personal life | Marriage and family
text: They had four children: Frederick, Ulysses Jr. ("Buck"), Ellen ("Nellie"), and Jesse.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: In colonial Rhode Island, you could only vote if you owned land.
Wikipedia page: Dorr Rebellion (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Precursors and causes
text: Under Rhode Island's colonial charter, originally received in 1663, only male landowners could vote.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: London, the capital of England, has over 300 languages spoken there, the third most populous commuter belt in Europe and has over ten million inhabitants as of 2011.
Wikipedia page: London (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: London's urban area is the fourth most populous in Europe, after Moscow, Istanbul, and Paris, with 9,787,426 inhabitants at the 2011 census..
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Hank Aaron's main position was shortstop.
Wikipedia page: Hank Aaron (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Henry Louis Aaron (born February 5, 1934), nicknamed "Hammer" or "Hammerin' Hank," is an American retired Major League Baseball (MLB) right fielder who serves as the senior vice president of the Atlanta Braves.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The company PayPal is a Fortune 500 company that has a history of fraud.
Wikipedia page: PayPal (Technology)
Evidence:
section_header: Fraud
text: As early as 2001, PayPal had substantial problems with online fraud, especially international hackers who were hacking into PayPal accounts and transferring small amounts of money out of multiple accounts.
section_header: Fraud
text: But with PayPal losing millions of dollars each month to fraud while experiencing difficulties with using the FBI to pursue cases of international fraud, PayPal developed a private solution: a "fraud monitoring system that used artificial intelligence to detect potentially fraudulent transactions.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Roosevelt always supported all the peoples of the US with no racism or other hatred in her activities or policies.
Wikipedia page: Eleanor Roosevelt (History)
Evidence:
section_header: First Lady of the United States (1933–1945) | Arthurdale
text: After losing a community vote, Roosevelt recommended the creation of other communities for the excluded black and Jewish miners.
section_header: Personal life | Other relationships | Anti-Semitism
text: Eleanor Roosevelt in private showed a revulsion against rich Jews in 1918, telling her mother-in-law the "Jew party [was] appalling.... I never wish to hear money, jewels or sables mentioned again.".
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Johnson's theatrical piece is often performed in modern day to highlight the underlying theme of man's similarity to things with feathers and creatures with fur.
Wikipedia page: Volpone (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Productions
text: A 1938 production introduced two of the dominant elements of twentieth-century productions: the performance of Donald Wolfit and animal imagery.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The 2012 film The Dark Knight Rises is the first film in a trilogy that made over $1 billion.
Wikipedia page: The Dark Knight Rises (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Based on the DC Comics character Batman, it is the final installment in Nolan's The Dark Knight Trilogy, and the sequel to The Dark Knight (2008).
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Pierre de Fermat was a renowned mathematician.
Wikipedia page: Pierre de Fermat (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Assessment of his work
text: Anders Hald writes that, "The basis of Fermat's mathematics was the classical Greek treatises combined with Vieta's new algebraic methods." Together with René Descartes, Fermat was one of the two leading mathematicians of the first half of the 17th century.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Lyrical Ballads were released in 1799.
Wikipedia page: Lyrical Ballads (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Lyrical Ballads, with a Few Other Poems is a collection of poems by William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridge, first published in 1798 and generally considered to have marked the beginning of the English Romantic movement in literature.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Elton John middle name is Hercules and sold over 290 million records.
Wikipedia page: Elton John (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Sir Elton Hercules John  (born Reginald Kenneth Dwight; 25 March 1947) is an English singer, songwriter, pianist, and composer.
section_header: Summary
text: Collaborating with lyricist Bernie Taupin since 1967 on more than 30 albums, John has sold more than 300 million records, making him one of the best-selling music artists.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: A Separate Peace is a story and is set in the earlier to mid 1900s.
Wikipedia page: A Separate Peace (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Plot summary
text: From this point, the novel follows Gene's description of the time from the summer of 1942 to the summer of 1943.
section_header: Summary
text: A Separate Peace is a coming-of-age novel by John Knowles, published in 1959.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Maria Goeppert-Mayer was a scientist.
Wikipedia page: Maria Goeppert-Mayer (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Maria Goeppert Mayer (June 28, 1906 – February 20, 1972) was a German-born American theoretical physicist, and Nobel laureate in Physics for proposing the nuclear shell model of the atomic nucleus.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Disneyland Park in California has many sections including Star Wars: Galaxy's Edge, Fantasyland, Frontierland and New Orleans Square.
Wikipedia page: Disneyland (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Lands | Main Street, U.S.A.
text: namely, New Orleans Square, Critter Country, Star Wars: Galaxy's Edge and Mickey's Toontown.
section_header: Lands | Frontierland
text: Frontierland recreates the setting of pioneer days along the American frontier.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The adaptation of the book, The Charterhouse of Parma's, a story of a Spanish man of high social position has been limited to only some forms of theater.
Wikipedia page: The Charterhouse of Parma (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Telling the story of an Italian nobleman in the Napoleonic era and later, it was admired by Balzac, Tolstoy, André Gide, di Lampedusa and Henry James.
section_header: Summary
text: The novel has been adapted for opera, film and television.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Caine Mutiny was a novel that was on top of the New York Times best seller rankings for a total of forty-eight weeks.
Wikipedia page: The Caine Mutiny (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Reception
text: It remained atop the list for 33 weeks until March 30, 1952, when it was replaced by My Cousin Rachel.
section_header: Reception
text: It moved back to first place on May 25, 1952, and remained another 15 weeks, before being supplanted by The Silver Chalice, and last appeared on August 23, 1953, after 122 weeks on the list.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: This book was considered much worse than the preceding story, with critics often citing its lack of character depth.
Wikipedia page: No Longer At Ease (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Reception
text: Mercedes Mackay of the Royal African Society noted that "This second novel of Chinua Achebe is better than his first, and puts this Nigerian at the forefront of West African writers." Arthur Lerner of Los Angeles City College wrote that "The second novel of this young Nigerian author continues the promise of its predecessor, Things Fall Apart." The novel was widely praised for its realistic and vivid depictions of life in Lagos in the early 1960s.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Alfred the Great was a great leader but he was unable to have any heirs to his thrown.
Wikipedia page: Alfred the Great (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Family
text: They had five or six children together including: Edward the Elder who succeeded his father as king; Æthelflæd who became lady of the Mercians; and Ælfthryth who married Baldwin II, Count of Flanders.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Shanghai Tower is the tallest building in the world.
Wikipedia page: Shanghai Tower (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: It is the world's second-tallest building by height to architectural top and it shares the record (along with the Ping An Finance Center) of having the world's highest observation deck within a building or structure at 562 m. It had the world's second-fastest elevators at a top speed of 20.5 metres per second (74 km/h; 46 mph) until 2017,  when it was surpassed by the Guangzhou CTF Finance Centre, with a top speed of 21 metres per second (76 km/h; 47 mph).
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Leone was interested in being a nurse and had previously been employed at several other businesses before her career in the adult entertainment industry.
Wikipedia page: Sunny Leone (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Pornographic career
text: Before working in the porn industry, she worked at a German bakery, a Jiffy Lube, and later a tax and retirement firm.
section_header: Pornographic career
text: She was also studying to become a nurse.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Green Day is a four man band that wrote American Idiot.
Wikipedia page: Green Day (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: For much of the band's career, they have been a trio with a drummer Tré Cool, who replaced John Kiffmeyer in 1990 before the recording of the band's second studio album, Kerplunk (1991).
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Hobbit movie received 3 Oscar nominations.
Wikipedia page: The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Receiving mixed reviews from critics, the film was nominated for three Academy Awards for Best Visual Effects, Best Production Design, and Best Makeup and Hairstyling.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Leicester City Football Club was started in 1882 changing from it's orginal name in 1890 when the team moved.
Wikipedia page: Leicester City F.C. (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Home stadium
text: When first starting out they played on a field by the Fosse Road, hence the original name Leicester Fosse.
section_header: History | Founding and early years (1884–1949)
text: Formed in 1884 by a group of old boys of Wyggeston School as "Leicester Fosse", the club joined The Football Association (FA) in 1890.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid was hated entirely by the French.
Wikipedia page: Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Reception | Box office
text: It was the eighth most popular film of 1970 in France.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Carl Hubbell was a second baseman and played for the Detroit Tigers.
Wikipedia page: Carl Hubbell (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: He was a pitcher for the New York Giants of the National League from 1928 to 1943, and remained on the team's payroll for the rest of his life, long after their move to San Francisco.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Joe McGinnity was a pitcher and has Irish descent.
Wikipedia page: Joe McGinnity (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: McGinnity's father, Peter, was born in Dublin, Ireland.
section_header: Summary
text: Joseph Jerome McGinnity (March 20, 1871 – November 14, 1929) was an American right-handed pitcher in Major League Baseball (MLB) in the late 19th and early 20th century.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Ty Cobb was born in Atlanta, Georgia.
Wikipedia page: Ty Cobb (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: Cobb was born in 1886 in Narrows, Georgia, a small rural community of farmers that was unincorporated.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Square, Inc. was started as a way for the founder to help his sister with a business problem.
Wikipedia page: Square, Inc. (Technology)
Evidence:
section_header: History
text: The original inspiration for Square occurred to Jack Dorsey in 2009 when Jim McKelvey (a friend of Dorsey) was unable to complete a $2,000 sale of his glass faucets and fittings because he could not accept credit cards.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Cox played in Colombia before signing with the Dodgers.
Wikipedia page: Bobby Cox (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Managerial career | Prior to managing
text: Prior to managing in the States, Cox played from 1967 to 1970 for the Cardenales de Lara and Leones del Caracas clubs of the Venezuelan Winter League.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Julius Nyerere was a Nigerian Dictator  who became president.
Wikipedia page: Julius Nyerere (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Julius Kambarage Nyerere (Swahili pronunciation: [ˈdʒuːlius kɑmˈbɑɾɑgɑ ɲɛˈɾɛɾɛ]; 13 April 1922 – 14 October 1999) was a Tanzanian anti-colonial activist, politician, and political theorist.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Nyerere was apart of the NATU party.
Wikipedia page: Julius Nyerere (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: A founding member of the Tanganyika African National Union (TANU) party—which in 1977 became the Chama Cha Mapinduzi party
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Vatican City was constructed over a graveyard.
Wikipedia page: St. Peter's Basilica (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: History | Saint Peter's burial site
text: The area now covered by the Vatican City had been a cemetery for some years before the Circus of Nero was built.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: After serving in the American troops for two years, Whitey Ford came back to play for the Yankees for the 1953 season.
Wikipedia page: Whitey Ford (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Biography | Early life and career
text: During the Korean War era, in 1951 and 1952, Ford served in the Army.
section_header: Biography | Early life and career
text: He rejoined the Yankees for the 1953 season, and the Yankee "Big Three" pitching staff became a "Big Four", as Ford joined Allie Reynolds, Vic Raschi, and Eddie Lopat.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Babur was illiterate.
Wikipedia page: Babur (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Background
text: Babur's memoirs form the main source for details of his life.
section_header: Death and legacy
text: One of the enduring features of Babur's life was that he left behind the lively and well-written autobiography known as Baburnama.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Coldplay has had 2 other names.
Wikipedia page: Coldplay (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: After changing their name to Coldplay, they recorded and released two EPs: Safety in 1998 and The Blue Room in 1999.
section_header: Summary
text: Vocalist and pianist Chris Martin, guitarist Jonny Buckland, bassist Guy Berryman, and drummer Will Champion met at University College London and began playing music together from 1996 to 1998, first calling themselves Pectoralz and then Starfish before finally changing their name to Coldplay.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Rolling Stones songwriters ended up being Jagger and Richards.
Wikipedia page: The Rolling Stones (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The band's primary songwriters, the partnership of Jagger and Richards, assumed leadership after Andrew Loog Oldham became the group's manager.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: France has been inhabited by people for over 1 million years.
Wikipedia page: France (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: History | Prehistory (before the 6th century BC)
text: The oldest traces of human life in what is now France date from approximately 1.8 million years ago.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Brokeback Mountain production expense was more than 10 million.
Wikipedia page: Brokeback Mountain (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Influence and legacy | Operatic adaptation
text: Brokeback Mountain is an American opera composed by Charles Wuorinen with a libretto by Annie Proulx, based on her 1997 short story by the same name.
section_header: Reception | Box office
text: Brokeback Mountain cost about US$14 million to produce, excluding its reported advertising budget of $5 million.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Calvin Coolidge was not racist.
Wikipedia page: Calvin Coolidge (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Presidency (1923−1929) | Civil rights
text: "Coolidge "Coolidge repeatedly called for laws to make  lynching a federal crime (it was already a state crime, though not always enforced).
section_header: Presidency (1923−1929) | Civil rights
text: On June 2, 1924, Coolidge signed the Indian Citizenship Act, which granted U.S. citizenship to all American Indians living on reservations. (Those off reservations had long been citizens.) On June 6, 1924, Coolidge delivered a commencement address at historically black, non-segregated Howard University, in which he thanked and commended African-Americans for their rapid advances in education and their contributions to US society over the years, as well as their eagerness to render their services as soldiers in the World War, all while being faced with discrimination and prejudices at home.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The capital city of Maharashtra, India, Mumbai's economy is base on finances and it being a port city.
Wikipedia page: Mumbai (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Economy
text: Mumbai is India's largest city (by population) and is the financial and commercial capital of the country as it generates 6.16% of the total GDP.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Mariano Rivera did only play baseball while growing up.
Wikipedia page: Mariano Rivera (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: As a young man, Rivera played soccer and baseball with his friends on the beach during low tide.
section_header: Early life
text: Soccer was his favorite sport, and Pelé his favorite athlete.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Jean-Nicholas Huyot took over the work when the architect, Jean Chalgrin died.
Wikipedia page: Arc de Triomphe (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: History | Construction and late 19th century
text: The architect, Jean Chalgrin, died in 1811 and the work was taken over by Jean-Nicolas Huyot.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Sound and Fury was not almost named the same thing as a modern sparkly vampire story.
Wikipedia page: The Sound and the Fury (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Style and structure | Title
text: When Faulkner began writing the story that would develop into The Sound and the Fury, it "was tentatively titled ‘Twilight,’ [and] narrated by a fourth Compson child," but as the story progressed into a larger work, he renamed it, drawing its title from Macbeth's famous soliloquy from act 5, scene 5 of William Shakespeare's Macbeth: Immediately obvious is the notion of a "tale told by an idiot," in this case Benjy, whose view of the Compsons' story opens the novel.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Madonna and Penn only dated briefly.
Wikipedia page: Sean Penn (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Personal life
text: He met pop singer Madonna in February 1985, and they married that August on her 27th birthday; Penn turned 25 the next day.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Texan Sissy Spacek started as a singer but is known for her acting.
Wikipedia page: Sissy Spacek (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Too Far This Time". Sales of her music sputtered, however, and she was dropped from her record label.
section_header: Summary
text: She subsequently switched her focus to acting, enrolling at the Lee Strasberg Theatre and Film Institute.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Tokugawa Ieyasu was one of the 3 "Great Unifiers" of Japan.
Wikipedia page: Tokugawa Ieyasu (NOCAT)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: He was one of the three "Great Unifiers" of Japan, along with his former lord Oda Nobunaga and Toyotomi Hideyoshi.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Henry Cabot Lodge, Jr. was Nixon's choice for VP.
Wikipedia page: Henry Cabot Lodge, Jr. (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: He was considered as a running mate, most significantly in 1952 by Dwight Eisenhower and then largely due to Ike’s advice and encouragement ended up being chosen the Republican nominee for Vice President in the 1960 presidential election alongside incumbent Vice President Richard Nixon.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Microsoft went through a series of layoffs in the 1990s.
Wikipedia page: Microsoft (Technology)
Evidence:
section_header: Corporate affairs | Layoffs
text: In October 2014, Microsoft revealed that it was almost done with the elimination of 18,000 employees, which was its largest-ever layoff sweep.
section_header: Corporate affairs | Layoffs
text: Microsoft employed 127,104 people as of June 5, 2014, making this about a 14 percent reduction of its workforce as the biggest Microsoft lay off ever.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Second Bank of the United States became a private entity after twenty years in 1836.
Wikipedia page: Second Bank of the United States (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The Second Bank of the United States, located in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, was the second federally authorized Hamiltonian national bank in the United States during its 20-year charter from February 1816 to January 1836.
section_header: History | State bank
text: In February 1836, the bank became a private corporation under the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania law.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Barry Larkin was a baseball player that has a drink named after him.
Wikipedia page: Barry Larkin (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: In popular culture
text: In 2012, Cincinnati-based delicatessen Izzy's created the "Barry Larkin Triple Play" sandwich in honor of Larkin.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Big Brother is not, strictly speaking, a real character.
Wikipedia page: Nineteen Eighty-Four (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Characters | Unseen characters
text: Whether these characters are real or fabrications of Party propaganda is something that neither Winston nor the reader is permitted to know: Big Brother – the leader and figurehead of the Party that rules Oceania.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The novel contains a total of 50 books and 380 chapters.
Wikipedia page: Les Misérables (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Novel form
text: The novel is divided into five volumes, each volume divided into several books, and subdivided into chapters, for a total of 48 books and 365 chapters.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The poem was criticized for being obsecure and difficult to read when it was released.
Wikipedia page: The Rime of the Ancient Mariner (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Early criticisms
text: Upon its release, the poem was criticized for being obscure and difficult to read.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Doctor Who tv show began in 1963.
Wikipedia page: Doctor Who (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Doctor Who is a British science fiction television programme produced by the BBC since 1963.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Big Ben was given a new name to celebrate the 60th anniversary of the rule of current monarch.
Wikipedia page: Big Ben (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The official name of the tower in which Big Ben is located was originally the Clock Tower; it was renamed Elizabeth Tower in 2012 to mark the Diamond Jubilee of Elizabeth II, Queen of the United Kingdom.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Terry was 16 years old and started playing minor league.
Wikipedia page: Bill Terry (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Playing career | Early years
text: Born in Atlanta, Terry made his professional baseball debut in 1915 at the age of 16.
section_header: Playing career | Early years
text: He began his career as a pitcher, playing for two separate minor league teams, the Newnan Cowetas of the Georgia–Alabama League and the Dothan club of the FLAG League.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Leonard Burnstein had a health condition that prevented him from joining the army in WWII.
Wikipedia page: Leonard Bernstein (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Personal life
text: Bernstein had asthma, which kept him from serving in the military during World War II.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Emperor Jimmu  was the second Prime Minister of China and the President of Thailand.
Wikipedia page: Emperor Jimmu (NOCAT)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Emperor Jimmu (神武天皇, Jinmu-tennō) was the first Emperor of Japan according to legend.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: In 1910, it was reported that he was a vegetarian.
Wikipedia page: Cy Young (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Later life
text: In 1910, it was reported that Young was a vegetarian.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The dance of the Philippines displays the cultural mix of the people.
Wikipedia page: Philippines (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Culture | Dance
text: Prior to colonial rule, the Philippines had a wide array of ethnic dances from different tribal groups.
section_header: Culture | Dance
text: This was due mainly to the fact that Philippines is an archipelago thus the different varieties of dance developed.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The disease described in Poe's The Masque of the Red Death killed its victim in about thirty minutes.
Wikipedia page: The Masque of the Red Death (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Analysis | The "Red Death"
text: Poe describes it as causing "sharp pains, and sudden dizziness, and then profuse bleeding at the pores" leading to death within half an hour.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: In 1791, the Canadian architect  plan to redesign Washington, D.C was inspired on cities such as Rome or Berlin.
Wikipedia page: Washington, D.C. (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Cityscape
text: He based his design on plans of cities such as Paris, Amsterdam, Karlsruhe, and Milan that Thomas Jefferson had sent to him.
section_header: Cityscape
text: In 1791, President Washington commissioned Pierre (Peter) Charles L'Enfant, a French-born architect and city planner, to design the new capital.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Rusie played for 9-seasons in the NL.
Wikipedia page: Amos Rusie (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: He had a 10-season career in the National League (NL), which consisted of one season with the Indianapolis Hoosiers in 1889, eight with the New York Giants from 1890 to 1898, and one with the Cincinnati Reds in 1901.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Flowering plants that are fragrant and have saw-like edges to their leaves are called Austrobaileyales.
Wikipedia page: Flowering plant (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Taxonomy | Modern classification
text: Core angiosperms (Mesangiospermae)Chloranthales, 77 known species of aromatic plants with toothed leaves; Magnoliids, about 9,000 species, characterized by trimerous flowers, pollen with one pore, and usually branching-veined leaves—for example magnolias, bay laurel, and black pepper; Monocots, about 70,000 species, characterized by trimerous flowers, a single cotyledon, pollen with one pore, and usually parallel-veined leaves—for example grasses, orchids, and palms; Ceratophyllum, about 6 species of aquatic plants, perhaps most familiar as aquarium plants; Eudicots, about 175,000 species, characterized by 4- or 5-merous flowers, pollen with three pores, and usually branching-veined leaves—for example sunflowers, petunia, buttercup, apples, and oaks.
section_header: Taxonomy | Modern classification
text: There are eight groups of living angiosperms:  Basal angiosperms (ANA: Amborella, Nymphaeales, Austrobaileyales) Amborella, a single species of shrub from New Caledonia; Nymphaeales, about 80 species, water lilies and Hydatellaceae; Austrobaileyales, about 100 species of woody plants from various parts of the world
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The play by Tennessee Williams The Rose Tattoo was considered lewd for depicting people dry humping and the cops stopped the show.
Wikipedia page: The Rose Tattoo (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Controversy
text: After a short run the theatre was invaded by the Irish police and director Alan Simpson was arrested for producing "a lewd entertainment" for miming dropping a condom onto the floor.
section_header: Controversy
text: Williams' script calls for a condom to fall out of a pocket during the show but the Pike staging mimed the act, knowing it would cause conflict.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Barbara McClintock was a scientist who helped single moms get grants to go to school in science fields since she was raised by a single mother who she admired.
Wikipedia page: Barbara McClintock (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: She was close to her father, but had a difficult relationship with her mother, tension that began when she was young.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: As a child, Benito Juarez harvested corn.
Wikipedia page: Benito Juarez (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life and education
text: He described his parents as "indios de la raza primitiva del país," that is, "Indians of the original race of the country." He worked in the cornfields and as a shepherd until the age of 12.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Lou Gehrig played himself in the 1978 movie A Love Affair.
Wikipedia page: Lou Gehrig (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Film and other media
text: The 1978 TV movie A Love Affair: The Eleanor and Lou Gehrig Story starred Blythe Danner and Edward Herrmann as Eleanor and Lou Gehrig.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Ramayana is a Sanskrit tale from China.
Wikipedia page: Ramayana (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Ramayana (; Sanskrit: रामायणम्, Rāmāyaṇam [ɽaːˈmaːjɐɳɐm]) is one of the two major Sanskrit epics of ancient India, the other being the Mahābhārata.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Jack Lemmon won one Academy Award.
Wikipedia page: Jack Lemmon (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: John Uhler Lemmon III (February 8, 1925 – June 27, 2001) was an American actor and musician who was nominated for an Academy Award eight times, winning twice.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: American actor Sean Penn worked to get American entrepreneur released from a Bolivian prison after he worked on aid relief in Jamaica after the 2010 earthquake and hurricane.
Wikipedia page: Sean Penn (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Political views and activism | CORE
text: Penn is the founder of the nonprofit organization Community Organized Relief Effort (CORE), which has distributed aid to Haiti following the 2010 earthquake and Hurricane Matthew as well as administered free COVID-19 tests in the U.S. amid the COVID-19 pandemic.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Austrian composer Anton Webern was publicly condemned by the Nazis.
Wikipedia page: Anton Webern (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Biography | Civil War, Austrofascism, Nazism, and World War II
text: Webern's music, along with that of Berg, Křenek, Schoenberg, and others, was denounced as "cultural Bolshevism" and "degenerate art" by the Nazi Party in Germany, and both publication and performances of it were banned soon after the Anschluss in 1938, although neither did it fare well under the preceding years of Austrofascism.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: R.U.R. is a 1920 science fiction play  and was successful in its time in Europe and North America.
Wikipedia page: R.U.R. (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: R.U.R. is a 1920 science fiction play by the Czech writer Karel Čapek.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Night of the Long Knives, also called Operation Hummingbird, was a violent eradication and turning point for Nazi Germany because Hitler felt the drive to kill off his leaders who were critical of him or who had past associations with his enemies.
Wikipedia page: Night of the Long Knives (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The Night of the Long Knives (German: Nacht der langen Messer ), or the Röhm Purge, also called Operation Hummingbird (German: Unternehmen Kolibri), was a purge that took place in Nazi Germany from June 30 to July 2, 1934.
section_header: Summary
text: Finally, Hitler used the purge to attack or eliminate German critics of his new regime, especially those loyal to Vice-Chancellor Franz von Papen, as well as to settle scores with old enemies.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The main competitor of Paris Saint-Germain F.C is the Olympique de Marseille.
Wikipedia page: Paris Saint-Germain F.C. (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: PSG have a long-standing rivalry with Olympique de Marseille.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Mughal Empire was an empire that ruled over South Asia during the 1500s to 1800s.
Wikipedia page: Mughal Empire (History)
Evidence:
section_header: History | Babur and Humayun (1526–1556)
text: The Mughal Empire was founded by Babur (reigned 1526–1530), a Central Asian ruler who was descended from the Turco-Mongol conqueror Timur (the founder of the Timurid Empire) on his father's side, and from Genghis Khan on his mother's side.
section_header: History | Decline (1707–1857)
text: After a crushing defeat in the war of 1857–1858 which he nominally led, the last Mughal, Bahadur Shah Zafar, was deposed by the British East India Company and exiled in 1858.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Spoon Silver Anthology was not successful.
Wikipedia page: Spoon River Anthology (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Critical reception and legacy
text: Among these new additions were "Andy the Night-Watch", "Isa Nutter," "Plymouth Rock Joe" and "The Epilogue." Spoon River Anthology was a critical and commercial success.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Charles Lindbergh was the father of a missing child and was a airplane pilot.
Wikipedia page: Charles Lindbergh (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Rise to fame | Early childhood
text: D.C. He was the third child of Charles August Lindbergh (birth name Carl Månsson; 1859–1924) who had emigrated from Sweden to Melrose, Minnesota as an infant, and his only child with his second wife, Evangeline Lodge Land Lindbergh (1876–1954), of Detroit.
section_header: Summary
text: Charles Augustus Lindbergh (February 4, 1902 – August 26, 1974) was an American aviator, military officer, author, inventor, and activist.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Salesforce.com was originally established in 1999.
Wikipedia page: Salesforce.com (Technology)
Evidence:
section_header: History
text: The company was founded in 1999 by former Oracle executive Marc Benioff, Parker Harris, Dave Moellenhoff, and Frank Dominguez as a software as a service (SaaS) company.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Capet was the nephew of Louis IV.
Wikipedia page: Hugh Capet (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Descent and inheritance
text: Through his mother, Hugh was the nephew of Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor; Henry I, Duke of Bavaria; Bruno
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Tender is the Night was adapted to TV.
Wikipedia page: Tender is the Night (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Film, TV and stage adaptations
text: A television mini-series of the book, with script by Dennis Potter, music by Richard Rodney Bennett, and with Mary Steenburgen and Peter Strauss as Nicole and Dick, was made by the BBC and shown in 1985 by the BBC in the United Kingdom, the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation in Canada, and Showtime in the United States.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: It has severed many purposes including protection against invaders.
Wikipedia page: Great Wall of China (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Apart from defense, other purposes of the Great Wall have included border controls, allowing the imposition of duties on goods transported along the Silk Road, regulation or encouragement of trade and the control of immigration and emigration.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Although Lombardi was 6'3", he was slow-paced.
Wikipedia page: Ernie Lombardi (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Baseball career | Major league
text: The six foot, three inch, 230-pound Lombardi was legendarily slow-footed, and during the course of his major league career he grounded into 261 double plays.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Eleans were oversaw the creation of the Statue of Zeus at Olympia
Wikipedia page: Statue of Zeus at Olympia (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: History
text: Seeking to outdo their Athenian rivals, the Eleans employed the renowned sculptor Phidias, who had previously made the massive statue of Athena Parthenos in the Parthenon.
section_header: Summary
text: The Statue of Zeus at Olympia was a giant seated figure, about 12.4 m (41 ft) tall, made by the Greek sculptor Phidias around 435 BC at the sanctuary of Olympia, Greece, and erected in the Temple of Zeus there.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: It does honour those who fought and died for France during different wars.
Wikipedia page: Arc de Triomphe (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The Arc de Triomphe honours those who fought and died for France in the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars, with the names of all French victories and generals inscribed on its inner and outer surfaces.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Maria's life was ended , somewhat predictably, by radiation.
Wikipedia page: Maria Skłodowska-Curie (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Life | Death
text: A few months later, on 4 July 1934, she died at the Sancellemoz sanatorium in Passy, Haute-Savoie, from aplastic anaemia believed to have been contracted from her long-term exposure to radiation.
section_header: Life | Death
text: Because of their levels of radioactive contamination, her papers from the 1890s are considered too dangerous to handle.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The author Leaves of Grass, a compilation of poems was a French nobleman.
Wikipedia page: Leaves of Grass (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Leaves of Grass is a poetry collection by the American poet Walt Whitman (1819–1892).
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Prague Spring was a liberalization of the Crimean people.
Wikipedia page: Prague Spring (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The Prague Spring (Czech: Pražské jaro, Slovak: Pražská jar) was a period of political liberalization and mass protest in  the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Effa Manley was talented in marketing helping her husband Ronnie Manly run the Yankees.
Wikipedia page: Effa Manley (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: She co-owned the Newark Eagles baseball franchise in the Negro leagues with her husband Abe Manley from 1935 to 1948.
section_header: Newark Eagles
text: She displayed particular skill in the area of marketing and often scheduled promotions that advanced the Civil Rights Movement.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The damnable cat song has a place in the show's Wiki article, even though the word 'bazinga' does not.
Wikipedia page: The Big Bang Theory (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Recurring themes and elements | Soft Kitty
text: In the show, the song "Soft Kitty" was described by Sheldon as a song sung by his mother when he was ill.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The 1976 film All the President's Men is not based on a book.
Wikipedia page: All the President's Men (film) (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Differences from the book
text: Unlike the book, the film covers only the first seven months of the Watergate scandal, from the time of the break-in to Nixon's second inauguration on January 20, 1973.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Janet Jackson's performance in For Colored Girls Who Have Considered Suicide When the Rainbow Is Enuf earned awards nominations.
Wikipedia page: Janet Jackson (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Life and career | 2010–2014: Film projects and True You
text: " Jackson's portrayal the film was likened to Meryl Streep as Miranda Priestly in The Devil Wears Prada.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Nathaniel Hawthorne's The Marble Faun: Or, The Romance of Monte Beni was also known as The Faun of Praxiteles in its pre-publication draft form edited by his American publisher, James Thomas Fields.
Wikipedia page: The Marble Faun (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Composition and publication history
text: The book was published simultaneously in America and England in late 1860; the title for the British edition was Transformation: Or the Romance of Monte Beni.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Heiress is a 1949 award-winning American film about a daughter who is a disappointment to her father.
Wikipedia page: The Heiress (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Reception
text: The Heiress received universal critical acclaim and won four Academy Awards.
section_header: Plot
text: Catherine Sloper (Olivia de Havilland) is a plain, painfully shy woman whose exacting, and emotionally detached father, New York physician Austin Sloper (Ralph Richardson), makes no secret of his disappointment in her.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Maria Goeppert Mayer won the Nobel Prize.
Wikipedia page: Maria Goeppert-Mayer (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: She developed a mathematical model for the structure of nuclear shells, for which she was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1963, which she shared with J. Hans D. Jensen and Eugene Wigner.
section_header: Summary
text: She was the second woman to win a Nobel Prize in physics, the first being Marie Curie.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Rangers F. C. or officially known as Glasgow Rangers play in Scotland's top soccer league.
Wikipedia page: Rangers F.C. (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Rangers Football Club is a Scottish professional football club based in the Govan district of Glasgow, which plays in the Scottish Premiership.
section_header: Summary
text: Although not its official name, it is often referred to as Glasgow Rangers.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Clapton had a daughter that died when she was 6.
Wikipedia page: Eric Clapton (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Personal life | Relationships and children
text: Conor died on 20 March 1991 at the age of four after falling out of an open bedroom window on the 53rd floor of a Manhattan apartment building.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Kanye West had a sold out show at Wembley Stadium in 2018.
Wikipedia page: Wembley Stadium (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Music
text: Other acts to have performed at the stadium are Metallica, One Direction, U2, The Killers, Green Day, Foo Fighters, Eminem, Madonna, Taylor Swift, Beyoncé, Coldplay, Oasis, Take That, BTS and AC/DC.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Martin Van Buren was a member of the Democratic Party and President of the United States in 1836.
Wikipedia page: Martin Van Buren (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: A founder of the Democratic Party, he had previously served as the ninth governor of New York, the tenth United States secretary of state, and the eighth vice president of the United States.
section_header: Summary
text: Martin Van Buren ( van BEWR-ən; born Maarten Van Buren; December 5, 1782 – July 24, 1862) was an American statesman who served as the eighth president of the United States from 1837 to 1841.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Diary of Anne Frank was banned in the United States in 2010.
Wikipedia page: The Diary of Anne Frank (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Reception | Bans
text: In 2010, the Culpeper County, Virginia school system banned the 50th Anniversary "Definitive Edition" of Anne Frank: The Diary of a Young Girl, due to "complaints about its sexual content and homosexual themes.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Lindstrom started playing in the NLB when he was a teenager.
Wikipedia page: Freddie Lindstrom (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: Three years later, after a tryout with the Cubs didn’t pan out, he signed a contract at the age of 16 with the New York Giants.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Cristóbal Torriente was a Dominican baseball player who won the batting title in 1920 and 1923.
Wikipedia page: Cristóbal Torriente (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Cuban League career
text: Along with Martín Dihigo and José Méndez, Torriente is considered one of the greatest baseball players from Cuba.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: England national football team competed in the first ever international football game in the late 1800's.
Wikipedia page: England national football team (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: They played in the world's first international football match in 1872, against Scotland.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Babe Ruth's father worked in a bar.
Wikipedia page: Babe Ruth (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Early years
text: The elder Ruth then became a counterman in a family-owned combination grocery and saloon business on Frederick Street.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Pat Gillick was raised in Canada but moved to the United States 18 yeard old to further his baseball dreams.
Wikipedia page: Pat Gillick (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: Gillick was born to former minor league baseball player Larry Gillick in Chico, California.
section_header: Summary
text: Lawrence Patrick David Gillick (born August 22, 1937) is an American professional baseball executive.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Crossing the bar is a poem that's words say; in language and lyrics not quite clear day; that changing one's state from alive into dead; is something to do with more grace, and less dread.
Wikipedia page: Crossing the Bar (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Overview
text: The extended metaphor of "crossing the bar" represents travelling serenely and securely from life through death.
Verdict: SUPPORTS