tasksource/fool-me-twice huggingface dataset:
Claim: Hunter was born in Louisiana and started off loving theater, eventually getting a degree from Tulane University.
Wikipedia page: Holly Hunter (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life and career
text: Hunter was born in Conyers, Georgia, the daughter of Opal Marguerite (née Catledge), a housewife, and Charles Edwin Hunter, a farmer and sporting-goods manufacturer's representative.
section_header: Early life and career
text: Hunter earned a degree in drama from Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh, and for a while performed in the theatre scene there, playing ingenue roles at City Theatre, then named the City Players.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Shania Twain is considered one of the top selling artists of all time.
Wikipedia page: Shania Twain (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: She has sold over 100 million records, making her the best-selling female artist in country music history and among the best-selling music artists of all time.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Bobby Cox spent most of his time in major league baseball as a manager.
Wikipedia page: Bobby Cox (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Playing career
text: Cox played two seasons, mostly at third base, for the Yankees.
section_header: Accomplishments
text: Cox has been named Manager of the Year four times (1985, 1991, 2004, 2005) and is one of only four managers to have won the award in both the American and National League.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Actor William Claude Rains was in the military.
Wikipedia page: Claude Rains (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Early career and military service
text: I the following year , he returned to England to serve in the London Scottish Regiment, alongside fellow actors Basil Rathbone, Ronald Colman, Herbert Marshall and Cedric Hardwicke.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Idiot is a book in 5 parts. In part one the main character is trying to learn about his past but has to learn to read first.
Wikipedia page: The Idiot (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Plot | Part 1
text: Prince Myshkin, a young man in his mid-twenties and a descendant of one of the oldest Russian lines of nobility, is on a train to Saint Petersburg on a cold November morning.
section_header: Plot | Part 1
text: He is returning to Russia having spent the past four years in a Swiss clinic for treatment of a severe epileptic condition.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The 1872 novel Erewhon is a satire.
Wikipedia page: Erewhon (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The book is a satire on Victorian society.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Handmaid's Tale is set in the future.
Wikipedia page: The Handmaid's Tale (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: It is set in a near-future New England, in a totalitarian state, known as Gilead, that has overthrown the United States government.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Statue of Zeus at Olympia was a giant seated figure, about 12.4 m (41 ft) tall, made by the Greek sculptor Phidias around 435 BC at the sanctuary of Olympia, Greece, and is considered One of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, but was destroyed during the 5th century AD.
Wikipedia page: Statue of Zeus at Olympia (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: One of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, the statue was lost and destroyed during the 5th century AD; details of its form are known only from ancient Greek descriptions and representations on coins.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Philippines joined the UN.
Wikipedia page: Philippines (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: History | Colonial rule (1565–1946)
text: On October 11, 1945, the Philippines became one of the founding members of the United Nations.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: It author Stephen King had written 21 other novels before publishing It.
Wikipedia page: It (novel) (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: It was his 22nd book, and his 17th novel written under his own name.
section_header: Release
text: The book also contains a new afterword by Stephen King discussing his reasons for writing the novel.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Nuclear fusion was never made on an extensive scale.
Wikipedia page: Nuclear fusion (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Nuclear fusion on a large scale in an explosion was first carried out on 1 November 1952, in the Ivy Mike hydrogen bomb test.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Dunes only have sand.
Wikipedia page: Dune (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Formation
text: Dunes are made of sand-sized particles, and may consist of quartz, calcium carbonate, snow, gypsum, or other materials.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Turn of the Screw is a horror short story and the story starts on the eve of a national holiday.
Wikipedia page: The Turn of the Screw (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The Turn of the Screw is an 1898 horror novella by Henry James that first appeared in serial format in Collier's Weekly magazine (January 27 – April 16, 1898).
section_header: Plot
text: On Christmas Eve, an unnamed narrator, along with some other unnamed characters, listens to Douglas, a friend, read a manuscript written by a former governess whom Douglas claims to have known and who is now dead.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The 1920 play R.U.R. is credited as being one of the first uses of the word robot.
Wikipedia page: R.U.R. (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Robots | Origin of the word
text: The play introduced the word robot, which displaced older words such as "automaton" or "android" in languages around the world.
section_header: Summary
text: It premiered on 25 January 1921 and introduced the word "robot" to the English language and to science fiction as a whole.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Coriolis effect can be seen in cyclones and the effect has to be taken into account in spacecraft.
Wikipedia page: Coriolis effect (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: This effect is responsible for the rotation of large cyclones (see Coriolis effects in meteorology).
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: After taking painting classed at the Chicago's American Academy of Art in 1997, Kanye West got transferred  to Chicago State University to study English.
Wikipedia page: Kanye West (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: After graduating from high school, West received a scholarship to attend Chicago's American Academy of Art in 1997 and began taking painting classes, but shortly after transferred to Chicago State University to study English.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Items that are not fully stocked are usually worth less than ones that have a strong presence on store shelves.
Wikipedia page: Persuasion (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Methods | Weapons of influence | Scarcity
text: When this happens, we assign the scarce item or service more value simply because it is harder to acquire.
section_header: Methods | Weapons of influence | Scarcity
text: When something has limited availability, people assign it more value.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Confederate states won the Battle of Chancellorsville, but lost one of their most competent generals in so doing.
Wikipedia page: Battle of Chancellorsville (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Aftermath | Confederate reaction
text: The Confederate public had mixed feelings about the result, joy at Lee's tactical victory tempered by the loss of their most beloved general, Stonewall Jackson.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Music Man was set to come back to broadway in 2020 but the pandemic delayed it's revival.
Wikipedia page: The Music Man (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Productions | Planned Broadway revival
text: A Broadway revival is planned to begin previews on April 7, 2021 and open on May 20 at the Winter Garden Theatre, starring Hugh Jackman as Hill and Sutton Foster as Marian, produced by Scott Rudin and directed by Jerry Zaks with choreography by Warren Carlyle.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The novel Madame Bovary was not inspired by a real person.
Wikipedia page: Madame Bovary (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Style
text: The book was in some ways inspired by the life of a schoolfriend of the author who became a doctor.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Paul died in a car crash and was replaced by a look-alike.
Wikipedia page: The Beatles (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Lennon was shot and killed in December 1980, and Harrison died of lung cancer in November 2001.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The most famous sections of the wall were built by the army of Qin Shi Huang .
Wikipedia page: Great Wall of China (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The most well-known sections of the wall were built by the Ming dynasty (1368–1644).
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The India Gate is typically juxtaposed with the Shrine of Memory in Virginia.
Wikipedia page: India Gate (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Designed by Sir Edwin Lutyens, the gate evokes the architectural style of the triumphal arch such as the Arch of Constantine, in Rome, and is often compared to the Arc de Triomphe in Paris, and the Gateway of India in Mumbai.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Henry II expanded the territory of England during his reign.
Wikipedia page: Henry II of England (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Appearance and personality
text: Henry took back territories, regained estates, and re-established influence over the smaller lords that had once provided what historian John Gillingham describes as a "protective ring" around his core territories.
section_header: Summary
text: Henry expanded his empire at Louis's expense, taking Brittany and pushing east into central France and south into Toulouse; despite numerous peace conferences and treaties, no lasting agreement was reached.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Toy Story 3 was very fortunate to be able to keep the same voice crew as the previous Toy Story even though the films were release more than 10 years apart.
Wikipedia page: Toy Story 3 (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Voice cast
text: The character of Slinky Dog appeared to be in limbo after the death of his original voice actor Jim Varney on February 10, 2000, three months after Toy Story 2 was released.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Belgium does have elevated levels of living.
Wikipedia page: Belgium (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: It has very high standards of living, quality of life, healthcare, education, and is categorized as "very high" in the Human Development Index.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Hubbell was a major league third baseman.
Wikipedia page: Carl Hubbell (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: He was a pitcher for the New York Giants of the National League from 1928 to 1943, and remained on the team's payroll for the rest of his life, long after their move to San Francisco.
section_header: Major league career
text: Hubbell finished his career with a 253–154 record, 1677 strikeouts, 724 walks, 36 shutouts and a 2.98 ERA, in 3590​1⁄3 innings pitched.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Chiang Kai-shek did his military training in Seoul, Korea.
Wikipedia page: Chiang Kai-shek (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Education in Japan
text: Finishing his military schooling at Tokyo Shinbu Gakko, Chiang served in the Imperial Japanese Army from 1909 to 1911.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Ancient texts of Hinduism such as Vedas and early Upanishads  don't mention the term Nirvana.
Wikipedia page: Nirvana (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Hinduism
text: The most ancient texts of Hinduism such as the Vedas and early Upanishads don't mention the soteriological term Nirvana.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Rickey was the first person to sign a black man onto a team and paved the way for others to follow and normalize black players being in MLB.
Wikipedia page: Branch Rickey (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Rickey was instrumental in breaking Major League Baseball's color barrier by signing black player Jackie Robinson.
section_header: Career | Professional playing career | Football
text: During his time with Shelby, Rickey became friends with his teammate Charles Follis, who was the first black professional football player.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The T.S. Eliot book The Waste Land was almost twice before editors worked on it and he himself removed sections.
Wikipedia page: The Waste Land (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The Waste Land is a poem by T. S. Eliot, widely regarded as one of the most important poems of the 20th century and a central work of modernist poetry.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Bartok was from Hungary.
Wikipedia page: Béla Bartók (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Biography | Childhood and early years (1881–98)
text: Bartók was born in the Banatian town of Nagyszentmiklós in the Kingdom of Hungary (present-day Sânnicolau Mare, Romania) on 25 March 1881.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Once Travis Jackson stopped playing professional baseball, he took over his family's furniture business.
Wikipedia page: Travis Jackson (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: After his retirement as a player, Jackson managed in minor league baseball through to the 1960 season.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Germanic reception to Death of a Salesman was apparently predicated on the country's understanding and general positive opinion of communist ideas.
Wikipedia page: Death of a Salesman (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Reception | In Germany
text: Some people, such as Eric Keown, think of Death of a Salesman as "a potential tragedy deflected from its true course by Marxist sympathies." The play was hailed as "the most important and successful night" in Hebbel-Theater in Berlin.
section_header: Reception | In Germany
text: The Berlin production was more successful than New York, possibly due to better interpretation.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Barbara McClintock was born Elena McClintock in the United States, while her Scottish parents fully supported their daughter's right to attend college.
Wikipedia page: Barbara McClintock (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: McClintock was almost prevented from starting college, but her father allowed her to just before registration began, and she matriculated at Cornell in 1919.
section_header: Early life
text: Thomas McClintock was the child of British immigrants; Sara Ryder Handy was descended from an old American Mayflower family.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Jefferson Davis was a president of the United States.
Wikipedia page: Jefferson Davis (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Jefferson Finis Davis (June 3, 1808 – December 6, 1889) was an American politician who served as the president of the Confederate States from 1861 to 1865.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Alex Pompez was a Cuban baseball player in the Negro League and he also own a cigar store.
Wikipedia page: Alex Pompez (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Biography
text: Pompez was born on May 3, 1890, in Key West, Florida, the oldest of four children born to Cuban immigrants Jose and Loretta Pompez.
section_header: Summary
text: Outside baseball and numbers (illegal gambling), he owned and operated a cigar shop in downtown Manhattan.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: After Pearl Harbor there were many interment camps.
Wikipedia page: Attack on Pearl Harbor (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Aftermath
text: As a result, 12,000 were interned in interior camps, 2,000 were sent to road camps, and another 2,000 were forced to work in the prairies on sugar beet farms.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Kirk Douglas wanted to be in an epic film about going against the Romans, and that is how the movie Spartacus got its start.
Wikipedia page: Spartacus (film) (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Production
text: The development of Spartacus was partly instigated by Kirk Douglas's failure to win the title role in William Wyler's Ben-Hur.
section_header: Production
text: Shortly after, Edward (Eddie) Lewis, a vice president in Douglas's film company, Bryna Productions (named after Douglas's mother), had Douglas read Howard Fast's novel, Spartacus, which had a related theme—an individual who challenges the might of the Roman Empire—and Douglas was impressed enough to purchase an option on the book from Fast with his own financing.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The  company Bloomberg L.P. owns QuickTake which used to be named TikToc because it sounded like the media platform TikTok.
Wikipedia page: Bloomberg L.P. (Technology)
Evidence:
section_header: Products and services | QuickTake by Bloomberg
text: QuickTake (formerly TicToc) is Bloomberg's social media brand.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Ashburn was a right fielder in MLB.
Wikipedia page: Richie Ashburn (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Don Richard Ashburn (March 19, 1927 – September 9, 1997), also known by the nicknames, "Putt-Putt", "The Tilden Flash", and "Whitey" (due to his light-blond hair), was an American center fielder in Major League Baseball. (Some sources give his full middle name as "Richie".) He was born in Tilden, Nebraska.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Green Mountain Boys were a militia that was around before the independence of the United States from England  .
Wikipedia page: Green Mountain Boys (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The Green Mountain Boys was a militia organization first established in the late 1760s in the territory between the British provinces of New York and New Hampshire, known as the New Hampshire Grants and later in 1777 as the Vermont Republic (which later became the state of Vermont).
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: All the Chordata are fishes.
Wikipedia page: Chordata (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Of the more than 65,000 living species of chordates, about half are bony fish that are members of the superclass Pisces, class Osteichthyes.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: One of the adaptations of The Taming of the Shrew removes the character who questions the motives of Petruchio and Katherina.
Wikipedia page: The Taming of the Shrew (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Adaptations | Radio
text: "We know that Katherina obeys her husband, but has her spirit been really tamed I wonder?
section_header: Adaptations | Radio
text: The adaptation was written by Gilbert Seldes, who employed a narrator (Godfrey Tearle) to fill in gaps in the story, tell the audience about the clothes worn by the characters and offer opinions as to the direction of the plot.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Tim McGraw has sold more than 80 million records worldwide, and was a minority owner of the Arena Football League's Nashville Kats.
Wikipedia page: Tim McGraw (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: He has sold more than 80 million records worldwide, making him one of the best-selling music artists of all time.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Bee Gees went on tour eleven times.
Wikipedia page: Bee Gees (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Concert tours
text: The Bee Gees' concerts in 1967 and 1968 (1967–1968) 2 Years On Tour (1971) Trafalgar Tour (1972) Mr. Natural Tour (1974) Main Course Tour (1975) Children of the World Tour (1976) Spirits
section_header: Concert tours
text: Having Flown Tour (1979) One for All World Tour (1989) High Civilization World Tour (1991) One Night
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Cy Young was a catcher for the Boston Braves.
Wikipedia page: Cy Young (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Denton True "Cy" Young (March 29, 1867 – November 4, 1955) was an American Major League Baseball (MLB) pitcher.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Johann Strauss wrote the famous piece The Blue Danube.
Wikipedia page: Johann Strauss, the Younger (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Some of Johann Strauss's most famous works include "The Blue Danube", "Kaiser-Walzer" (Emperor Waltz), "Tales from the Vienna Woods", and the "Tritsch-Tratsch-Polka".
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Fluorine can't be found via mining.
Wikipedia page: Fluorine (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Occurrence | Earth
text: Elemental fluorine does not occur naturally.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Edvard Grieg liked to boast that his lungs were as strong as the Mountain King's from all that bracing, Nordic air.
Wikipedia page: Edvard Grieg (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Background
text: Throughout his life, Grieg's health was impaired by a destroyed left lung and considerable deformity of his thoracic spine.
section_header: Background
text: He suffered from numerous respiratory infections, and ultimately developed combined lung and heart failure.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Fritz Kreisler was a Wiener of Judaic heritage.
Wikipedia page: Fritz Kreisler (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Biography
text: Kreisler was born in Vienna, the son of Anna (née Reaches) and Samuel Kreisler, a doctor.
section_header: Biography
text: Of Jewish heritage, he was however baptised at the age of 12.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Mexican revolutionary Emiliano Zapata Salazar died from being shot.
Wikipedia page: Emiliano Zapata (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Assassination
text: However, when Zapata arrived at the Hacienda de San Juan, in Chinameca, Ayala municipality, Guajardo's men riddled him with bullets.
section_header: Assassination
text: After he was gunned down, they then took his body to Cuautla to claim the bounty, where they are reputed to have been given only half of what was promised.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Pope Urban II played matchmaker between Prince Gustav and Marie de Valois.
Wikipedia page: Pope Urban II (NOCAT)
Evidence:
section_header: Papacy | Struggle for authority
text: While there, he helped arrange the marriage between Conrad and Maximilla, the daughter of Count Roger of Sicily, which occurred later that year at Pisa; her large dowry helped finance Conrad's continued campaigns.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: This major Indian city also known as Bombay is home to 25 million inhabitants.
Wikipedia page: Mumbai (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: According to United Nations, as of 2018, Mumbai was the second-most populous city in India after Delhi and the seventh-most populous city in the world with a population of roughly 20 million.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Nolan Ryan was never engaged in matrimony.
Wikipedia page: Nolan Ryan (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Personal life
text: Ryan married his high school sweetheart, the former Ruth Holdorff, on June 25, 1967.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Edward Bellamy's vision of the future in his novel Looking Backward included free food.
Wikipedia page: Looking Backward (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Synopsis
text: Everyone retires with full benefits at age 45, and may eat in any of the public kitchens (realized as factory-kitchens in the 1920s-30s in the USSR).
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Wise Blood was written in 1962.
Wikipedia page: Wise Blood (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Wise Blood is the first novel by American author Flannery O'Connor, published in 1952.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Al Spalding stopped playing baseball in his late 20s.
Wikipedia page: Al Spalding (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Baseball career | Player
text: Spalding retired from playing baseball in 1878 at the age of 27, although he continued as president and part owner of the White Stockings and a major influence on the National League.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The story contains more than three major characters.
Wikipedia page: Waiting for Godot (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Waiting for Godot ( GOD-oh) is a play by Samuel Beckett in which two characters, Vladimir (Didi) and Estragon (Gogo), engage in a variety of discussions and encounters while awaiting Godot, who never arrives.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Carlton Fisk was elected to the HOF and is only 19 players from his position.
Wikipedia page: Carlton Fisk (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Legacy | Notable statistics
text: Fisk is one of only nineteen catchers elected to the National Baseball Hall of Fame.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Pink  has often been associated with girls.
Wikipedia page: Pink (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: In symbolism and culture | Gender
text: The misreading has been often repeated in market research, reinforcing American culture's association of pink with girls on the basis of imagined innate characteristics.
section_header: History, art and fashion | 20th century - present
text: The US presidential inauguration of Dwight D. Eisenhower in 1953 when Eisenhower's wife Mamie Eisenhower wore a pink dress as her inaugural gown is thought to have been a key turning point to the association of pink as a color associated with girls.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Faerie Queene is an English poem that follows some knights.
Wikipedia page: The Faerie Queene (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: On a literal level, the poem follows several knights as a means to examine different virtues, and though the text is primarily an allegorical work, it can be read on several levels of allegory, including as praise (or, later, criticism) of Queen Elizabeth I.
section_header: Summary
text: The Faerie Queene is notable for its form: it is one of the longest poems in the English language as well as the work in which Spenser invented the verse form known as the Spenserian stanza.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Glass picked up his love of music from his father who would listen every night when you returned home.
Wikipedia page: Philip Glass (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Life and work | 1937–1964: Beginnings, early education and influences
text: Typically he would come home and have dinner, and then sit in his armchair and listen to music until almost midnight.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: McKechnie was referred to sometimes as "Duder".
Wikipedia page: Bill McKechnie (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: He was nicknamed "Deacon" because he sang in his church choir and generally lived a quiet life.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The ancient Greek poem The Works and Days tells the story of Zeus and Pandora.
Wikipedia page: Works and Days (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Synopsis
text: Before Pandora's arrival, man had lived free from evils, toil and illness, but she had been given a jar which contained all these curses; this she opened, releasing all its contents but Elpis (Ἔλπις, "Hope" or "Expectation").
section_header: Synopsis
text: Zeus instructed the gods to build an "evil" for mankind: that is, Pandora, whom Prometheus's brother Epimetheus accepted from Hermes despite his brother's warnings never to accept gifts from the gods.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Kamehameha V had four siblings, but one died when he was young.
Wikipedia page: Kamehameha V (NOCAT)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: was Mataio Kekūanāoʻa. His siblings included David Kamehameha, Moses Kekūāiwa, Alexander Liholiho, and Victoria Kamāmalu.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Road Not Taken is a poem by Robert Frost that was written for his friend not to join the military.
Wikipedia page: The Road Not Taken (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: History
text: Thomas took the poem seriously and personally, and it may have been significant in Thomas' decision to enlist in World War I. Thomas was killed two years later in the Battle of Arras.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The success of the film The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey is due to the single direction of its lone director Guillermo del Toro.
Wikipedia page: The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The film's screenplay was written by Jackson, his longtime collaborators Fran Walsh and Philippa Boyens, and Guillermo del Toro, who was originally chosen to direct the film before leaving the project in 2010.
section_header: Production
text: Del Toro left the project in May 2010, after about two years of working with Jackson and his production team, due to delays caused in part by financial problems at Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: On the Road is a book about the journey of a young boy and his friend down the famous road of Route 66.
Wikipedia page: On the Road (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: On the Road is a 1957 novel by American writer Jack Kerouac, based on the travels of Kerouac and his friends across the United States.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Dunes that often do not have a slipface because of wind patterns are called dome dunes and are one of the 5 types of dunes.
Wikipedia page: Dune (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Aeolian dunes | Aeolian dune shapes | Dome
text: Dome dunes are rare and occur at the far upwind margins of sand seas.
section_header: Aeolian dunes | Aeolian dune shapes | Dome
text: Oval or circular mounds that generally lack a slipface.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Warren Spahn played for the Braves.
Wikipedia page: Warren Spahn (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: He played in Major League Baseball as a left-handed pitcher in 1942 and then from 1946 until 1965, most notably for the Boston Braves who became the Milwaukee Braves after the team moved west before the 1953 season.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Cat on a Hot Tin Roof is a play that highlights the viewpoints that people have when handling death.
Wikipedia page: Cat on a Hot Tin Roof (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Themes | Facing death
text: The ways in which humans deal with death are also at the focus of this play, as are the futility and nihilism some encounter when confronted with imminent mortality.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Ode to the West Wind is a poem that was written by Charles Canto about the role poets have to make political and moral change.
Wikipedia page: Ode to the West Wind (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: "Ode to the West Wind" is an ode, written by Percy Bysshe Shelley in 1819 near Florence, Italy.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Doors first formed in California.
Wikipedia page: The Doors (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: History | Origins (July 1965 – August 1966)
text: The Doors began with a meeting between acquaintances
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Billy  was a scout in his years as a manager.
Wikipedia page: Billy Southworth (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Later managerial career
text: Southworth remained with the Braves as a scout in the 1950s.
section_header: Summary
text: Late in life, Southworth served as a scout for the Braves.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Mazarin was a chef for the kings of France.
Wikipedia page: Cardinal Mazarin (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Cardinal Jules Mazarin (, also UK: , US: , French: [ʒyl mazaʁɛ̃]; 14 July 1602  – 9 March 1661), born Giulio Raimondo Mazzarino (Italian: [ˈdʒuːljo raiˈmondo madːzaˈriːno]) or Mazarini, was an Italian cardinal, diplomat and politician who served as the chief minister to the kings of France Louis XIII and Louis XIV from 1642 until his death in 1661.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The ancient Ionian Greek philosopher Pythagoras believed that souls are eternal.
Wikipedia page: Pythagoras (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The teaching most securely identified with Pythagoras is metempsychosis, or the "transmigration of souls", which holds that every soul is immortal and, upon death, enters into a new body.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Evangeline is a poetry piece from the 1840's.
Wikipedia page: Evangeline (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Influence | Film
text: There have also been numerous film adaptations of the poem Evangeline.
section_header: Summary
text: Evangeline, A Tale of Acadie is an epic poem by the American poet Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, written in English and published in 1847.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Yelp was created by previous PayPal workers.
Wikipedia page: Yelp (Technology)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Yelp was founded in 2004 by former PayPal employees Russel Simmons and Jeremy Stoppelman.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The story of the play The Glass Menagerie comes from the memories of one of the characters.
Wikipedia page: The Glass Menagerie (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Plot summary
text: The play is introduced to the audience by Tom, the narrator and protagonist, as a memory play based on his recollection of his mother Amanda and his sister Laura.
section_header: Plot summary
text: Because the play is based on memory, Tom cautions the audience that what they see may not be precisely what happened.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Don Drysdale won the MVP in 1962 while playing shortstop.
Wikipedia page: Don Drysdale (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Playing career
text: Drysdale pitched for the Dodgers instead of Koufax, giving up seven runs in ​2 2⁄3 innings.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Johann Strauss II was a Wiener.
Wikipedia page: Johann Strauss, the Younger (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: Strauss was born into a Catholic family in St Ulrich near Vienna (now a part of Neubau), Austria, on 25 October 1825, to the composer Johann Strauss I.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Lakers have had over 30 head coaches, with Frank Vogel being their most recent.
Wikipedia page: Los Angeles Lakers (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The Lakers are one of the most successful teams in the history of the NBA, and have won 16 NBA championships, the second-most behind the Boston Celtics.
section_header: Head coaches
text: There have been 22 head coaches for the Lakers franchise.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Hydrogen is much to dangerous to be considered for use in propulsion.
Wikipedia page: Hydrogen (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Properties | Compounds | Atomic hydrogen
text: NASA has investigated the use of atomic hydrogen as a rocket propellant.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Britney Spears appeared on a TV Show in November.
Wikipedia page: Britney Spears (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Life and career | 2013–2015: Britney Jean and Britney: Piece of Me
text: In November, Spears guest starred as a fictionalized version of herself on The CW series, Jane the Virgin.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Call of the Wild is a 20th century novel.
Wikipedia page: The Call of the Wild (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The Call of the Wild is a short adventure novel by Jack London, published in 1903 and set in Yukon, Canada, during the 1890s Klondike Gold Rush, when strong sled dogs were in high demand.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Tom Hardy is a British actor and has appeared in several documentaries and films, including a  soldier, mobster, and a wanted fugitive.
Wikipedia page: Tom Hardy (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Hardy's television roles include the HBO war drama mini-series Band of Brothers (2001), the BBC historical drama mini-series The Virgin Queen (2005), Bill Sikes in the BBC's mini-series Oliver Twist (2007), ITV's Wuthering Heights (2009), the Sky 1 drama series
section_header: Summary
text: After studying acting at the Drama Centre London, he made his film debut in Ridley Scott's Black Hawk Down (2001) and has since appeared in such films as Star Trek: Nemesis (2002), RocknRolla (2008), Bronson (2008), Warrior (2011), Tinker Tailor Soldier Spy (2011), Lawless (2012), Locke (2013), The Drop (2014), and The Revenant (2015), for which he received a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The majority  mode of transportation in the Nordic country,  Iceland is automobile .
Wikipedia page: Iceland (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Economy | Transport
text: Iceland has a high level of car ownership per capita; with a car for every 1.5 inhabitants; it is the main form of transport.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The U.S. attempted to stage a coup by assassinating the dictator of the country under the orders of president Nixon.
Wikipedia page: Cuba (History)
Evidence:
section_header: History | Revolution and Communist party rule (1959–present)
text: The invasion (known as the Bay of Pigs Invasion) took place on 14 April 1961, during the term of President John F. Kennedy.
section_header: History | Revolution and Communist party rule (1959–present)
text: In March 1960, U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower gave his approval to a CIA plan to arm and train a group of Cuban refugees to overthrow the Castro regime.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Addie Joss was from Wisconsin and pitcher three perfect games.
Wikipedia page: Addie Joss (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Joss, who was 6 feet 3 inches (1.91 m) and weighed 185 pounds (84 kg), pitched the fourth perfect game in baseball history (which, additionally, was only the second of the modern era).
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: In the poem Beowulf, Grendel's mother dies from injuries she gets fighting the thanes in the great hall.
Wikipedia page: Beowulf (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Beowulf kills Grendel with his bare hands and Grendel's mother with a giant's sword that he found in her lair.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Absalom, Absalom! is a novel by the American author William Faulkner published in 1936, and in 2009, a panel of judges called Absalom, Absalom! the best Southern novel of all time.
Wikipedia page: Absalom, Absalom! (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Influence and significance
text: In 2009, a panel of judges called Absalom, Absalom!
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Before the bombing and gunfire, the gathering at Haymarket Square in Chicago for workers' rights was tranquil.
Wikipedia page: Haymarket affair (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Background | Rally at Haymarket Square
text: The rally began peacefully under a light rain on the evening of May 4.
section_header: Background | Rally at Haymarket Square
text: The crowd was so calm that Mayor Carter Harrison Sr., who had stopped by to watch, walked home early.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Harding's were abolitionists and he went to Ohio Central College to pursue his career in politics.
Wikipedia page: Warren G. Harding (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life and career | Childhood and education
text: In 1870, the Harding family, who were abolitionists, moved to Caledonia, Ohio, where Tryon acquired The Argus, a local weekly newspaper.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Glass Bead Game is a large book of short stories.
Wikipedia page: The Glass Bead Game (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The Glass Bead Game (German: Das Glasperlenspiel, pronounced [das ˈɡlaːspɛʁlənˌʃpiːl] (listen)) is the last full-length novel of the German author Hermann Hesse.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Albania is relatively cold year around and snows almost every year.
Wikipedia page: Albania (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Environment | Climate
text: Albania experiences predominantly a mediterranean and continental climate, with four distinct seasons.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: White and his first wife had four children.
Wikipedia page: Barry White (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Personal life | Children
text: By the age of 16, White had fathered two children with his first wife Mary.
section_header: Personal life | Children
text: They had four children together.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Bartok only composed 2 operas during his life.
Wikipedia page: Béla Bartók (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Biography | Middle years and career (1909–39) | Opera
text: In 1911, Bartók wrote what was to be his only opera, Bluebeard's Castle, dedicated to Márta.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Bolivar grew up with three siblings.
Wikipedia page: Simón Bolívar (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life | Childhood
text: He had two older sisters and a brother: María Antonia, Juana, and Juan Vicente.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Fame inspired other teen movies with a dance theme to be shot in a similar way.
Wikipedia page: Fame (1980 film) (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Aftermath and legacy
text: Its presentation of musical numbers in the style of a music video was a major influence on other 1980s films in the dance film genre, such as Flashdance (1983), Footloose (1984) and Dirty Dancing (1987).
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Argentina has the smallest railway organization of South America.
Wikipedia page: Argentina (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Economy | Transport
text: Argentina has the largest railway system in Latin America, with 36,966 km (22,970 mi) of operating lines in 2008, out of a full network of almost 48,000 km (29,826 mi).
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Rip Van Winkle was written after the author Washington Irving left the family business to start his own business.
Wikipedia page: Rip van Winkle (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Composition and publication history
text: After a failed business venture with his brothers, Irving filed for bankruptcy in 1818.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Wasps was the third of 11 plays by Aristophanes.
Wikipedia page: The Wasps (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The Wasps (Classical Greek: Σφῆκες, romanized: Sphēkes) is the fourth in chronological order of the eleven surviving plays by Aristophanes, the master of an ancient genre of drama called 'Old Comedy'.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Arrhenius had many offerings to science and has been immortalized in several ways.
Wikipedia page: Svante Arrhenius (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Arrhenius's contributions to science are memorialized by the Arrhenius equation, Arrhenius acid, lunar crater Arrhenius, Martian crater Arrhenius, the mountain of Arrheniusfjellet, and the Arrhenius Labs at Stockholm University.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Arnold Schwarzenegger's older brother was named Meinhard.
Wikipedia page: Arnold Schwarzenegger (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: Gustav had a preference for his elder son, Meinhard, over Arnold.
section_header: Early life
text: Arnold Alois Schwarzenegger was born on July 30, 1947 in Thal, Styria, the second son of Aurelia (née Jadrny; 1922–1998) and Gustav Schwarzenegger (1907–1972).
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The battleground is an accidentally chosen site, in which one or both sides have a favorable advantage to do battle while choosing a unnatural tactic.
Wikipedia page: Battleground (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Choice of battlefields | Agreed battlefields
text: Conventionally, the battlefield had to be considered a fair one, not greatly advantaging one side or the other.
section_header: Choice of battlefields
text: The occurrence of a battle at a particular location may be entirely accidental, if an encounter between hostile forces occurs with neither side having expected the encounter.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Paul Waner was given a pet-name after a spectator shouted the names in a game.
Wikipedia page: Paul Waner (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Later life and legacy
text: The origin of the nicknames "Big Poison" and "Little Poison" that were given to Paul and his younger brother Lloyd, respectively, is from a game at the Polo Grounds during the 1927 season when a fan pronounced "person" as "poison" as he called out to the brothers.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The company, Hewlett-Packard, began in a garage in 1939.
Wikipedia page: Hewlett-Packard (Technology)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The company was founded in a one-car garage in Palo Alto, California by Bill Hewlett and David Packard in 1939, and initially produced a line of electronic test and measurement equipment.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Edvard Grieg was a German composer and pianist widely considered one of the leading Romantic era composers.
Wikipedia page: Edvard Grieg (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Edvard Hagerup Grieg ( GREEG, Norwegian: [ˈɛ̀dvɑɖ ˈhɑ̀ːɡərʉp ˈɡrɪɡː]; 15 June 1843 – 4 September 1907) was a Norwegian composer and pianist.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: In 2018, it suffered acts of vandalism from the Yellow Vests movement protests.
Wikipedia page: Arc de Triomphe (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: History | 21st century
text: In late 2018, the Arc de Triomphe suffered acts of vandalism as part of the Yellow vests movement protests.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The novel Daniel Deronda has been adapted for film and the stage.
Wikipedia page: Daniel Deronda (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: It has also been adapted for the stage, notably in the 1960s by the 69 Theatre Company in Manchester with Vanessa Redgrave cast as the heroine Gwendolen Harleth.
section_header: Summary
text: The novel has been adapted for film three times, once as a silent feature and twice for television.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: 1939 was the 1st movie adaptation of the book Of Mice and Men.
Wikipedia page: Of Mice and Men (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Of Mice and Men is a novella written by John Steinbeck.
section_header: Adaptations | Film
text: The first adaptation was in 1939, two years after the publication of the novella, and starred Lon Chaney Jr. as Lennie, with Burgess Meredith as George, and was directed by Lewis Milestone.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Sandy Koufax's  career was halted very early because of a health condition.
Wikipedia page: Sandy Koufax (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Koufax's career peaked with a run of six outstanding years from 1961 to 1966, before arthritis in his left elbow ended his career prematurely at age 30.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Joe McGinnity had Irish roots.
Wikipedia page: Joe McGinnity (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: McGinnity's father, Peter, was born in Dublin, Ireland.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The exact birthday of Hugh Capet, King of the Franks, is unknown.
Wikipedia page: Hugh Capet (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Descent and inheritance
text: The son of Hugh the Great, Duke of the Franks, and Hedwige of Saxony, daughter of the German king Henry the Fowler, Hugh was born sometime between 938 and 941.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Roman road, The Appian Way, was a trade route that went between northern to southern Italy.
Wikipedia page: Appian Way (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: It connected Rome to Brindisi, in southeast Italy.
section_header: Summary
text: The Appian Way (Latin and Italian: Via Appia) is one of the earliest and strategically most important Roman roads of the ancient republic.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Moonstone is often given recognition as the 1st detective book written.
Wikipedia page: The Moonstone (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: It is generally considered to be the first detective novel, and it established many of the ground rules of the modern detective novel.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: American actor Jack Nicholson has seven kids.
Wikipedia page: Jack Nicholson (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: He has five children: one with Knight, two with Broussard (including Lorraine Nicholson), and one each with Susan Anspach and Winnie Hollman.
Verdict: REFUTES