tasksource/fool-me-twice huggingface dataset:
Claim: Jackie Robinson was let go from his job of being the the junior manager for the Reds.
Wikipedia page: Frank Robinson (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Front office and media career
text: Robinson served as an assistant general manager for the Orioles through 1995, when he was fired.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Pie acquired his nickname from a school yard bully.
Wikipedia page: Pie Traynor (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: The store owner called him "Pie Face", which was later shortened to Pie by his friends.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Don Quixote novel is about an English pirate.
Wikipedia page: Don Quixote (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Meaning
text: Harold Bloom says Don Quixote is the first modern novel, and that the protagonist is at war with Freud's reality principle, which accepts the necessity of dying.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: American baseball player Lucius Benjamin "Luke" Appling is from North Carolina.
Wikipedia page: Luke Appling (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life and career
text: He died in Georgia in 1991. Appling was born in High Point, North Carolina.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Mila Kunis was born is Salem, Oregon.
Wikipedia page: Mila Kunis (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: In 1991, at the age of 7, she moved from Soviet Ukraine to the United States with her family.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: On his birth certificate, Palmer's surname was listed as Geheran.
Wikipedia page: Jim Palmer (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: Moroney gave up her infant for adoption and concealed information in the New York City birth registry, where Palmer is listed as Baby Boy Kennedy, whose father was Maroney and mother was Kennedy.
section_header: Early life
text: Research conducted by his third wife Susan in 2017 revealed that his biological father and mother were Michael Joseph Geheran and Mary Ann Moroney, both Irish immigrants from Counties Leitrim and Clare respectively.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Upanishads are Sanskrit texts of religious teaching that played an important role in ancient India.
Wikipedia page: Upanishads (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The Upanishads (; Sanskrit: उपनिषद् Upaniṣad [ˈʊpɐnɪʂɐd]) are late Vedic Sanskrit texts of religious teaching and ideas still revered in Hinduism.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Leonard Bernstein was a lawyer.
Wikipedia page: Leonard Bernstein (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Leonard Bernstein ( BURN-styne; August 25, 1918 – October 14, 1990) was an American composer, conductor, pianist, music educator, author, and lifelong humanitarian.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The majority of Annelida, or worms, survive in and burrow through soil, decomposing matter, and the guts of other animals as parasites, although leeches are a notable exception that swim.
Wikipedia page: Annelida (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Classification and diversity
text: Most are marine animals, although a few species live in fresh water and even fewer on land.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Symphony No. 1 by Rachmaninoff was well-received by a prominent critic of his time.
Wikipedia page: Sergey Rachmaninoff (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Biography | Symphony No. 1, depression, and conducting debut, 1894–1900
text: The piece was brutally panned by critic and nationalist composer César Cui, who likened it to a depiction of the ten plagues of Egypt, suggesting it would be admired by the "inmates" of a music conservatory in Hell.
section_header: Biography | Symphony No. 1, depression, and conducting debut, 1894–1900
text: Rachmaninoff's fortunes took a turn following the premiere of his Symphony No. 1 on 28 March 1897 in one of a long-running series of Russian Symphony Concerts devoted to Russian music.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Sparta was not useful  to commerce in archaic times.
Wikipedia page: Sparta (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Sparta (Doric Greek: Σπάρτα, Spártā; Attic Greek: Σπάρτη, Spártē) was a prominent city-state in ancient Greece.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Billy Williams played for the Chicago Cubs.
Wikipedia page: Billy Williams (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Billy Leo Williams (born June 15, 1938) is a retired American baseball left fielder who played 16 seasons in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Chicago Cubs and 2 seasons for the Oakland Athletics.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Before his passing, Prince is inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2004, the Grammy Hall of Fame in 2010, the UK Music Hall of Fame in 2006, and the Rhythm and Blues Music Hall of Fame in 2016.
Wikipedia page: Prince (musician) (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Posthumous projects | 2016
text: On August 21, 2016, Prince was posthumously inducted into the Rhythm and Blues Music Hall of Fame.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The English Patient has won 8 Academy Awards.
Wikipedia page: The English Patient (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Film adaptation
text: The film received nine Academy Awards—including Best Picture and Director—at the 69th Academy Awards.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Mark Wahlberg was a member of New Kids on the Block.
Wikipedia page: Mark Wahlberg (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: He did not receive his high school diploma until June 2013.
section_header: Career | Music
text: Mark, at the age of 13, was one of the group's original members, along with Donnie, but quit after a few months.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: John Bernecker missed a 21-foot drop and landed on the concrete instead of the padded cushions, but survived despite his head injury.
Wikipedia page: The Walking Dead (TV series) (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Lawsuits | Stuntman death
text: Though rushed to a hospital, his injuries were too severe and he was taken off life support the next day.
section_header: Lawsuits | Stuntman death
text: Fear the Walking Dead. During filming of season 8 in July 2017, stuntman John Bernecker was performing a 21-foot drop but ended up missing padded cushions and instead fell onto the concrete floor, sustaining a serious head injury.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: It has 6 heavy-duty elevators for utility.
Wikipedia page: Petronas Towers (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Features | Lift system
text: There are also 6 heavy-duty elevators for utility.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: In France, art students wear pink clothes.
Wikipedia page: Pink (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: In symbolism and culture | Academic dress
text: Redcurrant, an extremely red shade of pink, is the distinctive color for Medicine (and other health-related fields) fr:Groseille (couleur).
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Pierre de Fermat was the inventor of fermentation.
Wikipedia page: Pierre de Fermat (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Pierre de Fermat (French: [pjɛːʁ də fɛʁma]) (between 31 October and 6 December 1607 – 12 January 1665) was a French lawyer at the Parlement of Toulouse, France, and a mathematician who is given credit for early developments that led to infinitesimal calculus, including his technique of adequality.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Douglas was a lawyer during his career and from Illinois.
Wikipedia page: Stephen A. Douglas (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Stephen Arnold Douglas (April 23, 1813 – June 3, 1861) was an American politician and lawyer from Illinois.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Istanbul use to be known as Byzantium.
Wikipedia page: Istanbul (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: [isˈtanbuɫ] (listen)), formerly known as Byzantium and Constantinople, is the most populous city in Turkey and the country's economic, cultural and historic center.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: American basketball player LeBron James is considered to be one of the best basketball players and is one of the highest paid athletes.
Wikipedia page: LeBron James (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Off the court | Media figure and business interests
text: As a result of James's endorsement money and NBA salary, he has been listed as one of the world's highest-paid athletes.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The site showcases many different styles of architecture.
Wikipedia page: Chichen Itza (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Chichen Itza was a major focal point in the Northern Maya Lowlands from the Late Classic (c. AD 600–900) through the Terminal Classic (c. AD 800–900) and into the early portion of the Postclassic period (c. AD 900–1200).
section_header: Summary
text: The site exhibits a multitude of architectural styles, reminiscent of styles seen in central Mexico and of the Puuc and Chenes styles of the Northern Maya lowlands.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: When Luke Appling retired as a player, he managed a team.
Wikipedia page: Luke Appling (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Later life
text: Beginning in 1954, he managed the unaffiliated Richmond Virginians, a Class AAA team in the International League which affiliated with the New York Yankees in 1958 but after 1964 moved and became the Toledo Mud Hens.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Adolf Eichmann did live in Paris, France.
Wikipedia page: Adolf Eichmann (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Second World War | Transition from emigration to deportation
text: After a posting in Prague to assist in setting up an emigration office there, Eichmann was transferred to Berlin in October 1939 to command the Reichszentrale für Jüdische Auswanderung ("Reich Central Office for Jewish Emigration") for the entire Reich under Heinrich Müller, head of the Gestapo.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Church of the Holy Sepulchre is the oldest church in Spain.
Wikipedia page: Church of the Holy Sepulchre (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The Church of the Holy Sepulchre (Greek: Ναός του Παναγίου Τάφου, Latin: Ecclesia Sancti Sepulchri, Hebrew: כנסיית הקבר‎, Arabic: كنيسة القيامة‎) is a church in the Christian Quarter of the Old City of Jerusalem.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: American baseball player Rube Foster was a Texan.
Wikipedia page: Rube Foster (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Early years
text: Foster was born in Calvert, Texas on September 17, 1879.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Kanye West was a ghost producer for Deric Angelettie.
Wikipedia page: Kanye West (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Career | 1996–2002: Early work and Roc-A-Fella Records
text: For a time, West acted as a ghost producer for Deric "D-Dot" Angelettie.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Goldmark grew up in Ireland.
Wikipedia page: Karl Goldmark (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Karl Goldmark (born Károly Goldmark, Keszthely, May 18, 1830 – Vienna, January 2, 1915) was a Hungarian-born Viennese composer.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Mathewson died from Parkinson's.
Wikipedia page: Christy Mathewson (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Death and legacy
text: He died in Saranac Lake, New York, of tuberculosis on October 7, 1925.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Charlie Sheen started his acting career in 1986.
Wikipedia page: Charlie Sheen (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Acting career | Film
text: Sheen's film career began in 1984 with a role in the Cold War teen drama Red Dawn with Patrick Swayze, C. Thomas Howell, Lea Thompson, and Jennifer Grey.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Lyft tell to its customers about their grading.
Wikipedia page: Lyft (Technology)
Evidence:
section_header: Product overview | Ratings
text: Lyft does not allow passengers to know their rating.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The War of the Spanish Succession was a minor war that was due to Charles the first.
Wikipedia page: War of the Spanish Succession (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The War of the Spanish Succession (1701–1714) was a major European war of the early 18th century, triggered by the death in November 1700 of the childless King Charles II of Spain.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Amos Rusie's life ended in Indiana
Wikipedia page: Amos Rusie (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Later life
text: Rusie died in Seattle, Washington, in 1942.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Pedro Martínez keeps his close relatives distant from his MLB career because he is striving to set records other than runner up.
Wikipedia page: Pedro Martinez (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Personal life
text: Pedro is married to former ESPN Deportes sideline reporter Carolina Cruz de Martínez, who now runs his charitable organization, Pedro Martínez and Brothers Foundation.
section_header: Career | Boston Red Sox | 2000–2004
text: Hitters also had a .167 batting average and .213 on-base percentage, setting two more modern era records.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Chandragupta's birth date is cited in documents from that time period.
Wikipedia page: Chandragupta Maurya (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Biography | Date
text: None of the ancient texts mention when Chandragupta was born.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Führerbunker had built-in humidifiers because of the dryness.
Wikipedia page: Führerbunker (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Construction
text: However, as the Führerbunker was below the water table, conditions were unpleasantly damp, with pumps running continuously to remove groundwater.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The London Eye was meant to be a year long attraction but has since been turned into a permanent structure.
Wikipedia page: London Eye (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: History | Opening
text: The London Eye was formally opened by the Prime Minister Tony Blair on 31 December 1999, but did not open to the paying public until 9 March 2000 because of a capsule clutch problem.
section_header: History | Opening
text: The London Eye was originally intended as a temporary attraction, with a five-year lease.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Tokugawa Ieyasu once lived as a hostage on behalf of his father.
Wikipedia page: Tokugawa Ieyasu (NOCAT)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Son of a minor daimyo, Tokugawa once lived as a hostage, on behalf of his father, under another Daimyo.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Russia has had the same leader for 29 years.
Wikipedia page: Russia (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Vladimir Putin has dominated Russia's political system since 1999, serving as either president or prime minister.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: In the poem Beowulf, Grendel's mother is killed during a battle in the clan hall.
Wikipedia page: Beowulf (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary | Second battle: Grendel's mother
text: After stipulating a number of conditions to Hrothgar in case of his death (including the taking in of his kinsmen and the inheritance by Unferth of Beowulf's estate), Beowulf jumps into the lake, and while harassed by water monsters gets to the bottom, where he finds a cavern.
section_header: Summary | Second battle: Grendel's mother
text: Beowulf spots another sword, hanging on the wall and apparently made for giants, and cuts her head off with it.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The 1937 novel To Have and Have Not by Ernest Hemingway avoids topics of racism.
Wikipedia page: To Have and Have Not (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The racism of the era runs through the novel in the language used by Harry and the other white Americans towards other races.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: David Lloyd George was rightly renowned for his good judgement.
Wikipedia page: David Lloyd George (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Later political career (1922–1945) | Appeasement of Germany
text: Hitler said he was pleased to have met "the man who won the war"; Lloyd George was moved, and called Hitler "the greatest living German".
section_header: Later political career (1922–1945) | Appeasement of Germany
text: On his return to Britain, he wrote an article for the Daily Express praising Hitler and stating: "The Germans have definitely made up their minds never to quarrel with us again." He believed Hitler was "the George Washington of Germany"; that he was rearming Germany for defence and not for offensive war; that a war between Germany and the Soviet Union would not happen for at least ten years; that Hitler admired the British and wanted their friendship but that there was no British leadership to exploit this; however, by 1937, Lloyd George's distaste for Neville Chamberlain led him to disavow Chamberlain's appeasement policies.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Justin Bieber is a Canadian singer, songwriter, and actor and became the first artist to surpass 10 billion total video views on Vevo.
Wikipedia page: Justin Bieber (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Justin Drew Bieber (; born March 1, 1994) is a Canadian singer, songwriter, and actor.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Decembrist revolt was a protest in Imperial Russia.
Wikipedia page: Decembrist revolt (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: [O.S. 14 December] 1825. Russian army officers led about 3,000 soldiers in a protest against Tsar Nicholas
section_header: Summary
text: The Decembrist revolt or the Decembrist uprising (Russian: Восстание декабристов, tr.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Anita Borg received the Augusta Ada Lovelace Award.
Wikipedia page: Anita Borg (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Career | Awards and recognition
text: She received the Augusta Ada Lovelace Award from the Association for Women in Computing for her work on behalf of women in the computing field in 1995.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge is a short story by the American writer and Civil War veteran Ambrose Bierce, and is known for its regular time sequence and twist ending.
Wikipedia page: An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The story, which is set during the American Civil War, is known for its irregular time sequence and twist ending.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Kaddish is a hymn of praises about God found in Jewish prayer services and can be recited solo.
Wikipedia page: Kaddish (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Along with some prayers, it can only be recited with a minyan of ten Jews.
section_header: Summary
text: Kaddish cannot be recited alone.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Harold Reese was called Pee Wee when he was a child and the name stuck.
Wikipedia page: Pee Wee Reese (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: Reese's nickname originated in his childhood, as he was a champion marbles player (a "pee wee" is a small marble).
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Lefty Gomez was a five-time World Series champion before 1940.
Wikipedia page: Lefty Gomez (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: After baseball
text: A decade later, he was ranked #73 on The Sporting News list of the 100 Greatest Baseball Players, and was a nominee for the Major League Baseball All-Century Team.
section_header: Career
text: He won a World Series game in 1932, two in 1936, two in 1937 and one in 1938.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Hemingway was the author of two books about bullfighting.
Wikipedia page: The Sun Also Rises (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Legacy and adaptations
text: Hemingway wrote more books about bullfighting: Death in the Afternoon was published in 1932 and The Dangerous Summer was published posthumously in 1985.
section_header: Summary
text: The Sun Also Rises is a 1926 novel by American writer Ernest Hemingway that portrays American and British expatriates who travel from Paris to the Festival of San Fermín in Pamplona to watch the running of the bulls and the bullfights.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The marching song "John Brown's Body" was written by Union soldiers to original music.
Wikipedia page: John Brown's Body (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: History of the tune
text: "Say, Brothers, Will You Meet Us", the tune that eventually became associated with "John Brown's Body" and the "Battle Hymn of the Republic", was  formed in the American camp meeting circuit of the late 1700s and early 1800s.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: On the site where the old Pittsburgh Pirates's stadium used to be, there is a memorial to Barney Dreyfuss.
Wikipedia page: Barney Dreyfuss (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Legacy
text: A small stone monument to Dreyfuss was eventually installed in straightaway center field at Forbes Field.
section_header: Legacy
text: When the Pirates moved to Three Rivers Stadium in 1970, the monument was brought along and displayed in the stadium concourse.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Deronda was a contemporary of Charles Dickens.
Wikipedia page: Daniel Deronda (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Literary significance and reception | Other reactions
text: The depiction of Jews contrasted strongly with those in other novels such as Dickens' Oliver Twist and Trollope's The Way We Live Now.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: There are multiple ways to to measure mass.
Wikipedia page: Mass (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Definitions
text: There are a number of ways mass can be measured or operationally defined: Inertial mass is a measure of an object's resistance to acceleration when a force is applied.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Mickey Rooney appeared in 300 films and the second teen to be awarded the Academy Award.
Wikipedia page: Mickey Rooney (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: At 18, he was the first teenager to be nominated for an Oscar for his leading role in Babes in Arms, and he was awarded a special Academy Juvenile Award in 1939.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Steven Spielberg did all the writing for another movie, but the studio canceled the project, telling Spielberg they didn't think that children should be shown so many guns in movies.
Wikipedia page: E.T.: The Extra-Terrestrial (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Cancelled feature length sequel
text: In July 1982, during the film's first theatrical run, Spielberg and Mathison wrote a treatment for a sequel to be titled E.T. II: Nocturnal Fears.
section_header: Cancelled feature length sequel
text: Spielberg decided against pursuing it, feeling it "would do nothing but rob the original of its virginity.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Tom Hanks is considered as an icon and played the voice of a toy.
Wikipedia page: Tom Hanks (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: He has also appeared as the title character in the Robert Langdon film series, and has voiced Sheriff Woody in the Toy Story film series (1995–2019).
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Lou Gehrig was the 1st baseballer in the 1900's to score 4 home runs in a single game in 1932, unlike Ruth.
Wikipedia page: Lou Gehrig (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Major league career | New York Yankees (1923–1939) | 1932
text: In 1932 Gehrig became the first player in the 20th century to hit four home runs in a game, when he accomplished the feat on June 3 against the Philadelphia Athletics.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The film JFK was released on March of 1990.
Wikipedia page: JFK (film) (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Reception | Box office
text: JFK was released in theaters on December 20, 1991.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Diffraction involves the splitting of cells.
Wikipedia page: Diffraction (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Diffraction refers to various phenomena that occur when a wave encounters an obstacle or a slit.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Barry Larkin played shortstop for the New York Mets of the Major League Baseball (MLB) from 1986 to 2004, and was elected to the National Baseball Hall of Fame in January 2012 and was inducted on July 22, 2012.
Wikipedia page: Barry Larkin (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: He played shortstop for the Cincinnati Reds of the Major League Baseball (MLB) from 1986 to 2004.
section_header: MLB career | Middle career
text: In July 2000, Larkin blocked a trade to the New York Mets to remain with the Reds.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Peterloo Massacre happened in a field where a road was going to be built.
Wikipedia page: Peterloo Massacre (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Assembly | Preparations
text: St Peter's Field was a croft (an open piece of land) alongside Mount Street which was being cleared to enable the last section of Peter Street to be constructed.
section_header: Assembly | Preparations
text: Piles of timber lay at the end of the field nearest to the Friends Meeting House, but the remainder of the field was clear.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Bruce Sutter was named after his father.
Wikipedia page: Bruce Sutter (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: Sutter was born to Howard and Thelma Sutter in Lancaster, Pennsylvania.
section_header: Summary
text: Howard Bruce Sutter (; born January 8, 1953) is an American former professional baseball pitcher who played 12 seasons in Major League Baseball (MLB) between 1976 and 1988.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Faerie Queene is the longest English epic poem by Edmund Spenser and was widely accepted in the United Kingdom, especially Scotland.
Wikipedia page: The Faerie Queene (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Themes | Symbolism and allusion
text: The Faerie Queene was then banned in Scotland.
section_header: Themes | Symbolism and allusion
text: It is also known that James VI of Scotland read the poem, and was very insulted by Duessa – a very negative depiction of his mother, Mary, Queen of Scots.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Peer Gynt is the builder of a little house.
Wikipedia page: Peer Gynt (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Plot | Act III
text: As an outlaw, Peer struggles to build his own cottage in the hills.
section_header: Plot | Act V
text: the cabin Peer built is close at hand, but he dares not enter.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Ethiopia is not landlocked.
Wikipedia page: Ethiopia (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Ethiopia (; Amharic: ኢትዮጵያ, ʾĪtyōṗṗyā (listen) , Afar: Itiyoophiyaa,
section_header: Summary
text: With over 109 million inhabitants as of 2019, Ethiopia is the most populous landlocked country in the world and the second-most populous nation on the African continent (after Nigeria).
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Chinatowns only exists in urban settings across the western hemisphere.
Wikipedia page: Chinatown (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Areas known as "Chinatown" exist throughout the world, including Europe, North America, South America, Asia, Africa, Australasia and the Middle East.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: India Gate is a memorial for WWII.
Wikipedia page: India Gate (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: It stands as a memorial to 70,000 soldiers of the British Indian Army who died in between 1914–1921 in the First World War, in France, Flanders, Mesopotamia, Persia, East Africa, Gallipoli and elsewhere in the Near and the Far East, and the third Anglo-Afghan War.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Jackson's death was confirmed as a homicide.
Wikipedia page: Michael Jackson (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: In August 2009, the Los Angeles County Coroner ruled that Jackson's death was a homicide, and Murray was convicted of involuntary manslaughter in November 2011.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Jim Bottomley was given the nickname of Sunny Bottom because of his last name being Bottomley.
Wikipedia page: Jim Bottomley (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Professional career | St. Louis Cardinals
text: During his time in the minor leagues, the media began to call Bottomley "Sunny Jim", due to his pleasant disposition.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The short story by Edgar Allen Poe "The Masque of the Red Death" earned the author twelve dollars on its first run.
Wikipedia page: The Masque of the Red Death (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Publication history
text: This first publication earned him $12.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: David Lloyd George served, as Prime Minister, of the United Kingdom and supported tax hike's to increase welfare programs.
Wikipedia page: David Lloyd George (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Assessment
text: statesman. He laid the foundations of what later became the welfare state, and put a progressive income tax system at the centre of government finance.
section_header: Summary
text: To fund extensive welfare reforms he proposed taxes on land ownership and high incomes in the "People's Budget" (1909), which the Conservative-dominated House of Lords rejected.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Ming dynasty was the original dynasty to rule in the Hunan province and the Hongwu Emperor took over.
Wikipedia page: Ming Dynasty (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The Ming dynasty was the last imperial dynasty of China ruled by Han Chinese.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Leicester City is a football club that play nationally and internationally.
Wikipedia page: Leicester City F.C. (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The club have been FA Cup finalists four times, won the League Cup three times, and competed in four European campaigns.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: RMS Titanic had enough room on the ship to have an adequate amount of boats to accommodate every passenger on board in case of an crash.
Wikipedia page: RMS Titanic (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Features | Lifeboats
text: This gave Titanic the ability to carry up to 64 wooden lifeboats which would have been enough for 4,000 people—considerably more than her actual capacity.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Kublai Khan of the Mongol Empire was the 5th Great Khan to rule the Yuan dynasty.
Wikipedia page: Kublai Khan (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: He also founded the Yuan dynasty in China as a conquest dynasty in 1271, and ruled as the first Yuan emperor until his death in 1294.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Hittites were discussed in an historical work by an Ancient Greek philosopher.
Wikipedia page: Hittites (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Archaeological discovery | Biblical background
text: Before the archeological discoveries that revealed the Hittite civilization, the only source of information about the Hittites had been the Old Testament.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The movie, From Here to Eternity takes inspiration from a 1950's short story.
Wikipedia page: From Here to Eternity (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: From Here to Eternity is a 1953 American drama romance war film directed by Fred Zinnemann, and written by Daniel Taradash, based on the 1951 novel of the same name by James Jones.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The film did very well in Britain despite their shaky history with India.
Wikipedia page: Slumdog Millionaire (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Release and box office performance | Europe
text: The film reached No. 1 in its second weekend and set a UK box office record, as the film's takings increased by 47%.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: James Buchanan was a politician and was in the military during the Battle of Baltimore.
Wikipedia page: James Buchanan (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life | Military service
text: When the British invaded neighboring Maryland in 1814, he served in the defense of Baltimore as a private in Henry Shippen's Company, 1st Brigade, 4th Division, Pennsylvania Militia, a unit of yagers.
section_header: Summary
text: James Buchanan Jr. (; April 23, 1791 – June 1, 1868) was an American lawyer and politician who served as the 15th president of the United States (1857–1861).
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The film Roman Holiday is about a young American's experience in Italy.
Wikipedia page: Roman Holiday (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Plot
text: Ann, a crown princess from an unnamed European nation, is on a state visit to Rome, becomes frustrated with her tightly scheduled life, and secretly leaves her country's embassy.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The 1980 film Fame the director Alan Parker had issues in filming because he did not bother to get proper permits for his crew.
Wikipedia page: Fame (1980 film) (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Production | Filming
text: He also faced difficulties with U.S. labor union representatives who disapproved of the British crew members working on the film without permits.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Doctor Dollitle can transform persons into animals.
Wikipedia page: Doctor Dolittle (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: He is a physician who shuns human patients in favour of animals, with whom he can speak in their own languages.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Irène Joliot-Curie suffered from cancer.
Wikipedia page: Irène Joliot-Curie (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: She died in Paris on 17 March 1956 from an acute leukemia linked to her exposure to polonium and X-rays.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Simmons was often referred to as "Bucktooth".
Wikipedia page: Al Simmons (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Nicknamed "Bucketfoot Al", he played for two decades in Major League Baseball (MLB) as an outfielder and had his best years with Connie Mack's Philadelphia Athletics during the late 1920s and early 1930s, winning two World Series with Philadelphia.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Chichen Itza is an ancient Mayan city that is in North America.
Wikipedia page: Chichen Itza (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Chichen Itza was a large pre-Columbian city built by the Maya people of the Terminal Classic period.
section_header: Location
text: Chichen Itza is located in the eastern portion of Yucatán state in Mexico.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Terms of Endearment is a movie that spans 30 years that starred Marlon Brando and Richard Dalton.
Wikipedia page: Terms of Endearment (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Terms of Endearment is a 1983 American comedy-drama film adapted from Larry McMurtry's 1975 novel, directed, written, and produced by James L. Brooks, and starring Shirley MacLaine, Debra Winger, Jack Nicholson, Danny DeVito, Jeff Daniels, and John Lithgow.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The musical, The King and I continued showing for eight years.
Wikipedia page: The King and I (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: It ran for nearly three years, making it the fourth longest-running Broadway musical in history at the time, and has had many tours and revivals.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: R.E.M. took a break to work on solo projects but are now working together on a new album and tour.
Wikipedia page: R.E.M. (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The band broke up amicably in 2011 with members devoting time on solo projects after having sold more than 90 million albums worldwide and becoming one of the world's best-selling music artists.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: There is a road tunnel under Stonehenge that was built in 2007 by completed by the National Geographic survey to stop the erosion of the stones and so locals could access Wiltshire without having to see tourists.
Wikipedia page: Stonehenge (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Modern history | Sixteenth century to present | Setting and access
text: On 6 December 2007, it was announced that extensive plans to build Stonehenge road tunnel under the landscape and create a permanent visitors' centre had been cancelled.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Louvre Museum is the second biggest of its kind in the world.
Wikipedia page: Louvre (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The Louvre (English:  LOOV(-rə)), or the Louvre Museum (French: Musée du Louvre [myze dy luvʁ] (listen)), is the world's  largest art museum and a historic monument in Paris, France.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Lefty Grove's father was a surgeon.
Wikipedia page: Lefty Grove (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: His father and brothers mined coal.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Hoffman wrote most of his books contained in two major genres.
Wikipedia page: E.T.A. Hoffmann (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Ernst Theodor Amadeus Hoffmann (commonly abbreviated as E. T. A. Hoffmann; born Ernst Theodor Wilhelm Hoffmann; 24 January 1776 – 25 June 1822) was a German Romantic author of fantasy and Gothic horror, a jurist, composer, music critic and artist.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: American baseball player Hank Aaron was white.
Wikipedia page: Hank Aaron (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: By his final MLB season, Aaron was the last Negro league baseball player on a major league roster.
section_header: Summary
text: He appeared briefly in the Negro American League and in minor league baseball before starting his major league career.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Charles Martel was a leader of the Franks and the grandfather of the first western kingdom leader after Rome fell.
Wikipedia page: Charles Martel (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Charles Martel (c. 688 – 22 October 741) was a Frankish statesman and military leader who, as Duke and Prince of the Franks and Mayor of the Palace, was the de facto ruler of Francia from 718 until his death.
section_header: Summary
text: Charles' grandson, Charlemagne, extended the Frankish realms, and became the first emperor in the West since the fall of Rome.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Clayton Antitrust Act was voted in by a large majority and was designed to help consumers.
Wikipedia page: Clayton Antitrust Act (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Background
text: The Clayton Act passed by a vote of 277 to 54 on June 5, 1914.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: In 2015, he became only the 2nd rapper to headline Glastonbury Festival.
Wikipedia page: Kanye West (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Achievements
text: In 2015, West became only the second rapper to headline Glastonbury Festival.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Nirvana appears in Sikh texts as the term Nirban.
Wikipedia page: Nirvana (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Sikhism
text: Nirvana appears in Sikh texts as the term Nirban.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: There have been several theatrical variants of the Mahabharata produced since the turn of 20th century.
Wikipedia page: Mahabharata (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Versions, translations, and derivative works | In film and television
text: In Indian cinema, several film versions of the epic have been made, dating back to 1920.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The "Enemy rule" refers to the parasite and host being very similar.
Wikipedia page: Parasite (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Evolutionary strategies | Variations | Social parasitism
text: Now known as "Emery's rule", it states that social parasites tend to be closely related to their hosts, often being in the same genus.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Russia signaled it was no longer at war with Germany during World War I with the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk.
Wikipedia page: Treaty of Brest-Litovsk (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk (also known as the Treaty of Brest in Russia) was a peace treaty signed on March 3, 1918, between the new Bolshevik government of Russia and the Central Powers (German Empire, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, and the Ottoman Empire), that ended Russia's participation in World War I.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Stranger in a Strange Land is a fictional story.
Wikipedia page: Stranger in a Strange Land (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Stranger in a Strange Land is a 1961 science fiction novel by American author Robert A. Heinlein.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Ottoman Empire was started by Osman.
Wikipedia page: Ottoman Empire (History)
Evidence:
section_header: History | Rise (c. 1299–1453)
text: One of these beyliks, in the region of Bithynia on the frontier of the Byzantine Empire, was led by the Turkish tribal leader Osman I (d. 1323/4), a figure of obscure origins from whom the name Ottoman is derived.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Al Barlick missed one season while fighting in World War 2.
Wikipedia page: Al Barlick (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Barlick missed two seasons (1944–45) due to service in the United States Coast Guard and two seasons (1956–57) due to heart problems.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Emmy Noether encountered racism in Germany.
Wikipedia page: Emmy Noether (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Graduate students and influential lectures | Moscow
text: This attitude caused her problems in Germany, culminating in her eviction from a pension lodging building, after student leaders complained of living with "a Marxist-leaning Jewess".
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Green Bay Packers team exist since the 1910s.
Wikipedia page: Green Bay Packers (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: History | Founding
text: The Green Bay Packers were founded on August 11, 1919 by former high-school football rivals
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Jerusalem is one of the ancient cities in the planet.
Wikipedia page: Jerusalem (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: It is one of the oldest cities in the world, and is considered holy to the three major Abrahamic religions—Judaism, Christianity, and Islam.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: William Shakespeare completed King Lear in 1598, and premiered it at The Globe theater two years later.
Wikipedia page: King Lear (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Date and text
text: There is no direct evidence to indicate when King Lear was written or first performed.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Wasps is the fourth in chronological order of the eleven surviving plays by Aristophanes, the master of an ancient genre of drama called 'Old Comedy' was produced in 422 AD.
Wikipedia page: The Wasps (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: It was produced at the Lenaia festival in 422 BC, a time when Athens was enjoying a brief respite from the Peloponnesian War following a one-year truce with Sparta.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Way We Were is inspired from the college experience of Sydney Pollack.
Wikipedia page: The Way We Were (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Arthur Laurents wrote both the novel and screenplay based on his college days at Cornell University and his experiences with the House Un-American Activities Committee.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Nineteen Eighty-Four was a novel by Orson Wells.
Wikipedia page: Nineteen Eighty-Four (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Nineteen Eighty-Four: A Novel, often published as 1984, is a dystopian novel by English novelist George Orwell.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: American baseball player Walter Alston was known as "Smokey" because he was known for his hot temper.
Wikipedia page: Walter Alston (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: He had a calm, reticent demeanor, for which he was sometimes also known as "The Quiet Man." Alston grew up in rural Ohio and lettered in baseball and basketball at Miami University in Oxford.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Gandhi supported the British in WWII.
Wikipedia page: Mahatma Gandhi (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Principles, practices, and beliefs | On wars and nonviolence | Support for wars
text: Over 2.5 million Indians ignored Gandhi, volunteered and joined on the British side.
section_header: Biography | Struggle for Indian independence (1915–1947) | World War II and Quit India movement
text: Gandhi opposed providing any help to the British war effort and he campaigned against any Indian participation in the World War II.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Lou Gehrig, a Polish baseball player, had his uniform number retired.
Wikipedia page: Lou Gehrig (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: He was the second of four children of German immigrants, Christina Foch (1881–1954) and Heinrich Gehrig (1867–1946).
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The writer of the book, The Three Musketeers is Italian.
Wikipedia page: The Three Musketeers (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The Three Musketeers (French: Les Trois Mousquetaires [le tʁwɑ muskətɛːʁ]) is a historical adventure novel written in 1844 by French author Alexandre Dumas.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Disneyland Park was the only of its kind to be fully created and constructed by the head honcho himself, Mr. Walt Disney.
Wikipedia page: Disneyland (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: It is the only theme park designed and built to completion under the direct supervision of Walt Disney.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Porfirio Diaz was born in Spain but later served as a politician in Argentinian government.
Wikipedia page: Porfirio Diaz (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: José de la Cruz Porfirio Díaz Mori ( or ; Spanish: [poɾˈfiɾjo ði.as]; 15 September 1830 – 2 July 1915) was a Mexican general and politician who served seven terms as President of Mexico, a total of 31 years, from 17 February 1877 to 1 December 1880 and from 1 December 1884 to 25 May 1911.
section_header: Early years
text: Porfirio Díaz was the sixth of seven children, baptized on 15 September 1830, in Oaxaca, Mexico, but his actual date of birth is unknown.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Many original writings done by Pythagoras are showcased at a museum in Athens .
Wikipedia page: Pythagoras (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Biographical sources
text: No authentic writings of Pythagoras have survived, and almost nothing is known for certain about his life.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Muni began his acting profession in the Yiddish Art theater.
Wikipedia page: Paul Muni (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: He started his acting career in the Yiddish theater.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Titanic was on its way to Chicago when it sank.
Wikipedia page: Titanic (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: RMS Titanic was a British passenger liner operated by the White Star Line that sank in the North Atlantic Ocean in the early morning hours of 15 April 1912, after striking an iceberg during her maiden voyage from Southampton to New York City.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Marvin Miller passed away 5 years before becoming a centenarian.
Wikipedia page: Marvin Miller (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Personal
text: He died on November 27, 2012, at the age of 95, in his home in Manhattan.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Tina Turner is a Swiss national.
Wikipedia page: Tina Turner (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Personal life | Residences and citizenship
text: On April 22, 2013, she became a citizen of Switzerland and was issued a Swiss passport.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: After it was discovered, Neptune was first called Platea.
Wikipedia page: Neptune (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: History | Naming
text: That credit belongs only to the person who succeeded both in predicting the planet's place and in convincing astronomers to search for it." Shortly after its discovery, Neptune was referred to simply as "the planet exterior to Uranus" or as "Le Verrier's planet".
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The 1726 satire Gulliver's Travels was risky to publish and the author even got someone to transcribe it so they couldn't use his handwriting as proof he had written it.
Wikipedia page: Gulliver's Travels (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Composition and history
text: By August 1725 the book was complete; and as Gulliver's Travels was a transparently anti-Whig satire, it is likely that Swift had the manuscript copied so that his handwriting could not be used as evidence if a prosecution should arise, as had happened in the case of some of his Irish pamphlets (the Drapier's Letters).
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Freddie Mercury lived for five years after his diagnosis of AIDS in 1987.
Wikipedia page: Freddie Mercury (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: He confirmed the day before his death that he had contracted the disease, having been diagnosed in 1987.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The first movie adaptation of the book, Germinal was done in the 1910's.
Wikipedia page: Germinal (novel) (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Adaptations
text: The novel has been filmed a number of times, including:  Germinal (1913), directed by Albert Capellani, starring Henry Krauss Germinal (1963), directed by Yves Allégret, starring Jean Sorel, Berthe Granval, Claude Brasseur and Bernard Blier. Germinal (1970), a BBC five-part serial with Mark Jones and  Rosemary Leach Germinal (1993), a large-scale production directed by Claude Berri and starring Gérard Depardieu and Miou-Miou, at that time the most expensive feature film ever made in France.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Stevie Wonder was at the height of his career in the 70s.
Wikipedia page: Stevie Wonder (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Wonder's critical success was at its peak in the 1970s.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The British movie Mad Max: Fury Road was partly shot in 2013.
Wikipedia page: Mad Max: Fury Road (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The film wrapped in December 2012, although additional footage was shot in November 2013.
section_header: Summary
text: Mad Max: Fury Road is a 2015 Australian post-apocalyptic action film co-written, co-produced, and directed by George Miller.
Verdict: REFUTES