tasksource/fool-me-twice huggingface dataset:
Claim: Giulio di Giuliano de'Medici was known also as Pope Clement VII and his parents out lived him.
Wikipedia page: Pope Clement VII (NOCAT)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: On April 26, 1478 — exactly one month before his birth — his father, Giuliano de Medici (brother of Lorenzo the Magnificent) was murdered in the Florence Cathedral by enemies of his family, in what is now known as “The Pazzi Conspiracy”.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: An Enemy of the People is a novel by a German writer.
Wikipedia page: An Enemy of the People (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: An Enemy of the People (original Norwegian title: En folkefiende) is an 1882 play by Norwegian playwright Henrik Ibsen.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Mike Mussina had a collection of painted model trucks.
Wikipedia page: Mike Mussina (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Personal life
text: He is also a collector of tractors and vintage cars.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Webster quit law while serving in the House of Representatives  and had been highly regarded in New Hampshire since his days in Boscawen, and was respected for his service in the House of Representatives.
Wikipedia page: Daniel Webster (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Congressman and constitutional lawyer | Leading lawyer
text: Webster continued to practice law while serving in the House of Representatives, and he argued his first case before the Supreme Court of the United States in early 1814.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Many people say that Mickey Mantle was the greatest MLB hitter that could hit right and left handed.
Wikipedia page: Mickey Mantle (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Mantle was one of the best players and sluggers and is regarded by many as the greatest switch hitter in baseball history.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: American baseball player Gary Edmund Carter died at the height of his baseball career.
Wikipedia page: Gary Carter (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: After retiring from baseball, Carter coached baseball at the college and minor-league level.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Franz Schubert was an Austrian composer that died from medicine poisoning that was given to him so he could treat an STD.
Wikipedia page: Franz Schubert (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Biography | Final illness and death
text: The cause of his death was officially diagnosed as typhoid fever, though other theories have been proposed, including the tertiary stage of syphilis.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Miley Cyrus is Hannah Montana, who is a fictional character played by Miley Cyrus whose entire gimmick is that she doesn't want people to know she's really just unimportant celebrity Miley Cyrus, so that they won't pile on adoration and other real celebrity problems. Really, this concept would have worked better if she wasn't a celebrity to start with, because as it is, it's ridiculous and contrived.
Wikipedia page: Miley Cyrus (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Life and career | 2003–2009: Hannah Montana and early musical releases
text: She toured with The Cheetah Girls as Hannah Montana in September 2006, performing songs from the show's first season.
section_header: Life and career | 2003–2009: Hannah Montana and early musical releases
text: Cyrus auditioned for the Disney Channel television series Hannah Montana when she was eleven years old.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Dave decided on a career in football but was strongly tempted to play baseball.
Wikipedia page: Dave Winfield (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Youth and amateur career
text: He earned a full baseball scholarship to the University of Minnesota in 1969, where he starred in baseball and basketball for the Minnesota Golden Gophers.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: American actor Ralph Morgan married the heiress of a fortune from selling bitters.
Wikipedia page: Ralph Morgan (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Personal life and death
text: Ralph Morgan was married to Georgiana Louise Iverson, who as a stage actress was known as Grace Arnold, although he called her "Daisy" and was the father of Claudia Morgan (born Claudia Louise Wuppermann; 1911–1974), an actress best known for creating the role of Vera Claythorne on Broadway in the original production of Ten Little Indians, and for her portrayal of Nora Charles on the radio series The Thin Man.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Clayton Antitrust act has been used on many different sports associations due to their doing business in multiple states.
Wikipedia page: Clayton Antitrust Act (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Exemptions
text: The Supreme Court ruled in the 1922 case Federal Baseball Club v. National League that Major League Baseball was not "interstate commerce" and thus was not subject to federal antitrust law.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Police were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame on 10 March 2003 after multiple Grammy Awards like Song of the Year for "Every Breath You Take", or 1983: Best Rock Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal for Synchronicity II.
Wikipedia page: The Police (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Awards and nominations | Grammy Awards
text: 1980: Best Rock Instrumental Performance for "Reggatta de Blanc" 1981: Best Rock Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal for "Don't Stand So Close to Me" 1981: Best Rock Instrumental Performance for "Behind My Camel" 1983: Song of the Year for "Every Breath You Take" 1983: Best Pop Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal for "Every Breath You Take" 1983: Best Rock Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal for Synchronicity II
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Gershwin's music spanned classic and contemporary genres.
Wikipedia page: George Gershwin (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Biography | Musical, Europe and classical music, 1924–1928
text: It subsequently went on to be his most popular work, and established Gershwin's signature style and genius in blending vastly different musical styles in revolutionary ways.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Bob Seger's earliest musical influences included the man who sang "Day-O, The Banana Boat" song.
Wikipedia page: Bob Seger (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Early years
text: Regarding his early musical inspirations, Seger has stated, "Little Richard – he was the first one that really got to me.
section_header: Early years
text: Little Richard and, of course, Elvis Presley." "Come Go with Me" by The Del-Vikings, a hit in 1957, was the first record he bought.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: San Francisco ranks  as the city with the sixteenth highest population in the United States.
Wikipedia page: San Francisco (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: San Francisco is the 16th most populous city in the United States, and the fourth most populous in California, with 881,549 residents as of 2019.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Harry Wright was a part of the first professional baseball team.
Wikipedia page: Harry Wright (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: He assembled, managed, and played center field for baseball's first fully professional team, the 1869 Cincinnati Red Stockings.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Barlick dropped out of high school.
Wikipedia page: Al Barlick (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: MLB career | Later career
text: In 1971, Barlick was awarded the Umpire of the Year Award at the Al Somers Umpire School, which was based on a poll of other MLB umpires.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Lottery is a short story about an annual drawing  of a person who may get killed in public.
Wikipedia page: The Lottery (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: "The Lottery" is a short story written by Shirley Jackson, first published in the June 26, 1948, issue of The New Yorker.
section_header: Summary
text: The story describes a fictional small town in contemporary America, which observes an annual rite known as "the lottery", in which a member of the community is selected by chance to be stoned to death.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Anita Borg's birthplace is in the Midwest and was a computer scientist.
Wikipedia page: Anita Borg (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Education and early life
text: Borg was born Anita Borg Naffz in Chicago, Illinois.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: He who was not named wrote to authorities about The Gunpowder Plot.
Wikipedia page: Gunpowder Plot (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The plot was revealed to the authorities in an anonymous letter sent to William Parker, 4th Baron Monteagle, on 26 October 1605.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Tom Hanks performed a portion of the narration for Ken Burns's film, The War.
Wikipedia page: Tom Hanks (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Career | 2004–present: Later critical acclaim
text: For the documentary, Hanks did voice work, reading excerpts from World War II-era columns by Al McIntosh.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Otto l was the oldest son of Henry l and was a German king.
Wikipedia page: Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Otto I (23 November 912 – 7 May 973), traditionally known as Otto the Great (German: Otto der Große, Italian: Ottone il Grande), was German king from 936 and Holy Roman Emperor from 962 until his death in 973.
section_header: Summary
text: He was the oldest son of Henry I the Fowler and Matilda.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Alphabet Inc. is the parent company of Google, and is based in the West coast, which is definitely not New York.
Wikipedia page: Alphabet Inc. (Technology)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Alphabet Inc. is an American multinational conglomerate headquartered in Mountain View, California.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The original name of the Airport was Idlewild.
Wikipedia page: John F. Kennedy International Airport (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: History | Construction
text: John F. Kennedy International Airport was originally called Idlewild Airport (IATA: IDL, ICAO: KIDL, FAA LID: IDL) after the Idlewild Beach Golf Course that it displaced.
section_header: Summary
text: The facility opened in 1948 as New York International Airport and was commonly known as Idlewild Airport.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Rotifers are not commonly referred as anything.
Wikipedia page: Rotifera (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The rotifers (from Latin rota "wheel" and -fer "bearing"), commonly called wheel animals or wheel animalcules, make up a phylum (Rotifera) of microscopic and near-microscopic pseudocoelomate animals.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The English rock band Led Zeppelin were inducted into the UK Music Hall of Fame and won a despite winning a Grammy Lifetime Achievement award despite never being in the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.
Wikipedia page: Led Zeppelin (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Led Zeppelin were  an English rock band formed in London in 1968.
section_header: Achievements
text: They were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1995, and the UK Music Hall of Fame in 2006.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Barney Dreyfuss is the son of acclaimed actor Richard Dreyfuss.
Wikipedia page: Barney Dreyfuss (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Early years
text: Dreyfuss's father, Samuel Dreyfuss (1832–1896), was actually an American citizen since 1861, who had returned to Germany at the outbreak of the Civil War.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Look Homeward, Angel: A Story of the Buried Life is a non-fictional autobiography book by Thomas Wolfe.
Wikipedia page: Look Homeward, Angel (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: It is Wolfe's first novel, and is considered a highly autobiographical American coming-of-age story.
section_header: Summary
text: The character of Eugene Gant is generally believed to be a depiction of Wolfe himself.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Hobbit was retroactively a part of the other worlds Tolkien envisioned.
Wikipedia page: The Hobbit (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Concept and creation | Setting
text: Originally this world was self-contained, but as Tolkien began work on The Lord of the Rings, he decided these stories could fit into the legendarium he had been working on privately for decades.
section_header: Concept and creation | Setting
text: The setting of The Hobbit, as described on its original dust jacket, is "ancient time between the age of Faerie and the dominion of men" in an unnamed fantasy world.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The most frequently seen  first sign of Alzheimer's disease is the patient transposing the order of things that have happened recently.
Wikipedia page: Alzheimer's disease (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The most common early symptom is difficulty in remembering recent events.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Eugene V. Debs was a political activist and the president of the First Union Construction and Electrical Men organization.
Wikipedia page: Eugene V. Debs (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Eugene Victor "Gene" Debs (November 5, 1855 – October 20, 1926) was an American socialist, political activist, trade unionist, one of the founding members of the Industrial Workers of the World (IWW) and five times the candidate of the Socialist Party of America for President of the United States.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Toy Story 4 is about a group of toys going on an adventure.
Wikipedia page: Toy Story 4 (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: They are joined by Forky, a spork that Bonnie has made into a toy, and embark on a road trip adventure and run into an old friend from Andy's house.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Cherry Orchard was Anton Chekhov's final play.
Wikipedia page: The Cherry Orchard (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The Cherry Orchard (Russian: Вишнёвый сад, romanized: Vishnyovyi sad) is the last play by Russian playwright Anton Chekhov.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The film Rogue One: A Star Wars Story has an opening unlike the other Star Wars films.
Wikipedia page: Rogue One: A Star Wars Story (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Based on an idea first pitched by Knoll ten years before it entered development, the film was made to be different in tone and style from the traditional Star Wars films, omitting the customary opening crawl and transitional screen wipes.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Boston Massacre was a dispute that ending up in the deaths of civilizations that was cited by Patriots.
Wikipedia page: Boston Massacre (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The event was heavily publicized by leading Patriots such as Paul Revere and Samuel Adams.
section_header: Summary
text: The Boston Massacre was a confrontation on March 5, 1770 in which British soldiers shot and killed several people while being harassed by a mob in Boston.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Volpone is inspired by Beauty and the Beast.
Wikipedia page: Volpone (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Volpone (Italian for "sly fox") is a comedy play by English playwright Ben Jonson first produced in 1605–1606, drawing on elements of city comedy and beast fable.
section_header: Synopsis
text: Volpone (The Fox) is a Venetian gentleman who pretends to be on his deathbed after a long illness in order to dupe Voltore (The Vulture), Corbaccio (The Raven) and Corvino (The Crow), three men who aspire to inherit his fortune.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The War of the Austrian Succession was also set in America and Asia.
Wikipedia page: War of the Austrian Succession (History)
Evidence:
section_header: North America
text: The war was also conducted in North America and India.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Lebron played for St. Mary high school in Cleveland, Ohio.
Wikipedia page: LeBron James (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Mary High School in his hometown of Akron, Ohio, where he was heavily touted by the national media as a future NBA superstar.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Girls' Generation, Japanese girl group has nine members.
Wikipedia page: Girls' Generation (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The group is composed of eight members: Taeyeon, Sunny, Tiffany, Hyoyeon, Yuri, Sooyoung, Yoona, and Seohyun.
section_header: History | 2009–2010: Breakthrough and Japanese debut
text: The DVD debuted at number four on the Japanese Oricon DVD Chart on August 23, 2010, making Girls' Generation the first Korean girl group to earn a top-five DVD on the Oricon chart.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Wilbert Robinson was an American catcher, coach and manager in Minor League Baseball, and was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1945.
Wikipedia page: Wilbert Robinson (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Wilbert Robinson (June 29, 1864 – August 8, 1934), nicknamed "Uncle Robbie", was an American catcher, coach and manager in Major League Baseball.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Apartheid aided women the most.
Wikipedia page: Apartheid (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Society during apartheid | Women under apartheid
text: Colonialism and apartheid had a major impact on Black and Coloured women, since they suffered both racial and gender discrimination.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The employees of the company have been awarded five Nobel Prizes.
Wikipedia page: IBM (Technology)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: IBM employees have been awarded five Nobel Prizes, six Turing Awards, ten National Medals of Technology (USA) and five National Medals of Science (USA).
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Becket is a movie that went 1 for 12 at the Oscars.
Wikipedia page: Becket (1964 film) (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Becket won the Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay, and was nominated for eleven other awards, including for Best Picture, Best Director, Best Supporting Actor, and twice for Best Actor.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Guelphs and Ghibellines were factions supporting the Pope and the Holy Roman Emperor during the twelfth and thirteenth centuries.
Wikipedia page: Guelphs and Ghibellines (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: During the 12th and 13th centuries, rivalry between these two parties formed a particularly important aspect of the internal politics of medieval Italy.
section_header: Summary
text: The Guelphs and Ghibellines (, also US: ; Italian: guelfi e ghibellini [ˈɡwɛlfi e ɡɡibelˈliːni; -fj e]) were factions supporting the Pope and the Holy Roman Emperor, respectively, in the Italian city-states of central and northern Italy.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Lighthouse of Alexandria was damaged by an earthquake around 1124.
Wikipedia page: Lighthouse of Alexandria (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The lighthouse was severely damaged by three earthquakes between AD 956 and 1323 and became an abandoned ruin.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Thelonious Monk would often just stop and do a little jig whilst listening to other instrumentalists in his group.
Wikipedia page: Thelonious Monk (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: He was also noted for an idiosyncratic habit during performances: while other musicians continued playing, Monk would stop, stand up, and dance for a few moments before returning to the piano.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Code Gease was produced by the manga company Dark Horse Manga.
Wikipedia page: Code Geass (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Hepburn: Kōdo Giasu: Hangyaku no Rurūshu), often referred to simply as Code Geass, is a Japanese anime series produced by Sunrise.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Opium Wars did involve the United Kingdom.
Wikipedia page: Opium Wars (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The First Opium War, fought in 1839-1842 between the Qing and Great Britain, was triggered by the dynasty's campaign against the opium trade; the Second Opium War was fought between the Qing and Britain and France, 1856-1860.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Paine was a famous author.
Wikipedia page: Thomas Paine (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: He authored Common Sense (1776) and The American Crisis (1776–1783), the two most influential pamphlets at the start of the American Revolution, and helped inspire the patriots in 1776 to declare independence from Great Britain.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: David Livingstone still went to school although he worked over ten hours a day.
Wikipedia page: David Livingstone (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Education
text: Livingstone attended Blantyre village school, along with the few other mill children with the endurance to do so despite their 14-hour workday (6 am–8 pm).
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The British Channel group consisted of 2 banks and 5 construtcion companies.
Wikipedia page: Channel Tunnel (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Origins | Arrangement
text: The British Channel Tunnel Group consisted of two banks and five construction companies, while their French counterparts, France–Manche, consisted of three banks and five construction companies.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Tim Raines used to put cocaine in his baseball uniforms to hide it.
Wikipedia page: Tim Raines (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Career | Montreal Expos
text: To avoid leaving the drug in his locker, Raines carried it in his hip pocket, and slid headfirst when running the bases.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Cool Papa Bell was an American baseball player in the Negro League and was born in the South.
Wikipedia page: Cool Papa Bell (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: Bell was born May 17, 1903, in Starkville, Mississippi to Jonas Bell and Mary Nichols.
section_header: Summary
text: James Thomas "Cool Papa" Bell (May 17, 1903 – March 7, 1991) was an American center fielder in Negro league baseball from 1922 to 1946.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Code Geass received positive critics.
Wikipedia page: Code Geass (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Code Geass has been well received in Japan, selling over a million DVD and Blu-ray Disc volumes.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Nasser was the third President of Egypt.
Wikipedia page: Gamal Abdel Nasser (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Gamal Abdel Nasser Hussein (UK: , US: ; Arabic: جمال عبد الناصر حسين‎, romanized: Jamāl ʻAbdu n-Nāṣir Ḥusayn, Egyptian Arabic: [ɡæˈmæːl ʕæbdenˈnɑːsˤeɾ ħeˈseːn]; 15 January 1918 – 28 September 1970) was an Egyptian politician who served as the second President of Egypt, from 1954 until his death in 1970.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Arrowsmith the novel was only adapted tv program.
Wikipedia page: Arrowsmith (novel) (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Film, radio and television adaptations
text: A Czech mini-series was produced in 1999, with Jan Stastny in the titular role and Tereza Brodská as "Leora Tozerova".
section_header: Film, radio and television adaptations
text: The book's only theatrically released adaptation was the film Arrowsmith in 1931, featuring Ronald Colman and Helen Hayes as Arrowsmith and Leora respectively.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The towers are mentioned by name in the film Entrapment.
Wikipedia page: Petronas Towers (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: In popular culture
text: The towers are prominently featured and mentioned by name in the 1999 film Entrapment, with numerous scenes filmed at the towers, with the climax set on the skybridge.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: American actress and model Megan Fox began her modeling career at the age of 17.
Wikipedia page: Megan Fox (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: When she was 13 years old, Fox began modeling after winning several awards at the 1999 American Modeling and Talent Convention in Hilton Head, South Carolina.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Atonement is a movie constructed from a book with the same title.
Wikipedia page: Atonement (film) (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: It is based on Ian McEwan's 2001 novel of the same name.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: In utopias the forecast is approaching the destiny and the hope of living happily.
Wikipedia page: Utopia (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Varieties | Utopianism
text: However, in utopias, the projection of the myth does not take place towards the remote past but either towards the future or towards distant and fictional places, imagining that at some time in the future, at some point in space, or beyond death, there must exist the possibility of living happily.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Vance had a professional baseball career for 20 years.
Wikipedia page: Dazzy Vance (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: He played as a pitcher for five different franchises in Major League Baseball (MLB) in a career that spanned twenty years.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: In the film Lawrence of Arabia, Lawrence ends up shooting the person who fell off his camel.
Wikipedia page: Lawrence of Arabia (film) (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Plot | Part I
text: Lawrence is then stunned to discover that the culprit is Gasim, the very man whom he risked his own life to save in the desert, but Lawrence shoots him anyway.
section_header: Plot | Part I
text: One of Ali's men, Gasim, succumbs to fatigue and falls off his camel unnoticed during the night.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Poland contains 18 states.
Wikipedia page: Poland (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: It is divided into 16 administrative subdivisions, covering an area of 312,696 square kilometres (120,733 sq mi), and has a largely temperate seasonal climate.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Spice Girls consisted of 5 female members.
Wikipedia page: Spice Girls (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The group comprises Melanie Brown, also known as Mel B ("Scary Spice"), Melanie Chisholm, also known as Mel C ("Sporty Spice"), Emma Bunton ("Baby Spice"), Geri Halliwell ("Ginger Spice") and Victoria Beckham ("Posh Spice").
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The original publication of the book, Little Women was done in three parts.
Wikipedia page: Little Women (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Publication history
text: Versions in the late 20th and 21st centuries combine both portions into one book, under the title Little Women, with the later-written portion marked as Part 2, as this Bantam Classic paperback edition, initially published in 1983 typifies.
section_header: Summary
text: Little Women is a novel by American author Louisa May Alcott (1832–1888) which was originally published in two volumes in 1868 and 1869.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Marvin Miller passed away from cancer only a few months after he discovered he had it.
Wikipedia page: Marvin Miller (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Personal
text: He died on November 27, 2012, at the age of 95, in his home in Manhattan.
section_header: Personal
text: Miller was diagnosed with liver cancer in August 2012.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: It was renamed in honour of the ruler of Abu Dhabi, Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahyan.
Wikipedia page: Burj Khalifa (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Construction and structure | Milestones
text: Burj Dubai renamed Burj Khalifa in honour of the President of the UAE and ruler of Abu Dhabi, Sheikh Khalifa bin Zayed al Nahyan.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Jane Wyman, who was married five times, began a singing career before she started acting where she frequently played the leading lady.
Wikipedia page: Jane Wyman (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: A popular contract player, she frequently played the leading lady, her roles including starring alongside William Hopper in Public Wedding (1937), Ronald Reagan and Eddie Albert in Brother Rat (1938) and its sequel Brother Rat and a Baby (1940), Dennis Morgan in Bad Men of Missouri (1941), Marlene Dietrich in Stage Fright (1950), and Sterling Hayden in So Big (1953).
section_header: Early life
text: That same year, she began a radio singing career, calling herself Jane Durrell and adding years to her birth date to work legally because she was under-aged.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: New Zealand is an island country in the southwestern Pacific Ocean, comprises two main landmasses, and about 300 smaller islands.
Wikipedia page: New Zealand (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: It comprises two main landmasses—the North Island (Te Ika-a-Māui) and the South Island (Te Waipounamu)—and
section_header: Summary
text: around 600 smaller islands, covering a total area of 268,021 square kilometres (103,500 sq mi).
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: A Separate Peace is based on the author's short tale that was in a magazine.
Wikipedia page: A Separate Peace (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Based on his earlier short story "Phineas", published in the May 1956 issue of Cosmopolitan, it was Knowles's first published novel and became his best-known work.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Ruth did not get married till he was in his 20's and he adopted a son in 1921.
Wikipedia page: Babe Ruth (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Personal life
text: Ruth met Helen Woodford (1897–1929), by some accounts, in a coffee shop in Boston where she was a waitress, and they were married as teenagers on October 17, 1914.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Earl Warren's character was awarded.
Wikipedia page: Earl Warren (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Legacy | Memorials and honors
text: Earl Warren High School, San Antonio, Texas Warren Hall, Bakersfield High School (the high school Warren attended) Earl Warren High School, San Antonio, Texas Warren Hall, Bakersfield High School (the high school Warren attended) Warren Junior High School, Bakersfield, California (Warren's hometown) Earl Warren Middle School, Solana Beach, California Warren Elementary School, Garden Grove, California Earl Warren Elementary School, Lake Elsinore, California
section_header: Legacy | In popular culture
text: Earl Warren is portrayed in the following films:  2016: Oscar-nominated Loving (2016).
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Richard the Third let the wife of Lord Stanley, Margaret, keep her titles.
Wikipedia page: Battle of Bosworth Field (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Factions | Stanleys
text: When Richard executed those conspirators who had been unable to flee England, he spared Lady Margaret.
section_header: Factions | Stanleys
text: However, he declared her titles forfeit and transferred her estates to Stanley's name, to be held in trust for the Yorkist crown.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The basic elements of the tomb are Arabic in origin like most Mughal tombs.
Wikipedia page: Taj Mahal (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Architecture and design | Tomb
text: Like most Mughal tombs, the basic elements are Persian in origin.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Hunter was frequently mentioned as baseball's 1st big-money free agent.
Wikipedia page: Catfish Hunter (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Professional career | New York Yankees
text: Hunter became known as baseball's "first big-money free agent".
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Ernest is not Italian.
Wikipedia page: Frankenstein (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary | Victor Frankenstein's narrative
text: Born in Naples, Italy, into a wealthy Genevan family, Victor and his brothers, Ernest and William, all three being sons of Alphonse Frankenstein by the former Caroline Beaufort, are encouraged to seek a greater understanding of the world through chemistry.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Rosalyn Sussman Yalow became is most known and respected for her breakthroughs in X-rays and studies of bacteria.
Wikipedia page: Rosalyn Sussman Yalow (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Rosalyn Sussman Yalow (July 19, 1921 – May 30, 2011) was an American medical physicist, and a co-winner of the 1977 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (together with Roger Guillemin and Andrew Schally) for development of the radioimmunoassay (RIA) technique.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Cate Blanchett is moved back to Australia with her husband, three sons, and one daughter in 2006.
Wikipedia page: Cate Blanchett (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Personal life
text: Their sons are Dashiell John Upton (born 2001), Roman Robert Upton (born 2004), Ignatius Martin Upton (born 2008), and daughter Edith Vivian Patricia Upton (adopted in 2015).
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Journey to the West is a novel from in the 16th century was written about factual occurrences.
Wikipedia page: Journey to the West (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Historical context
text: The novel Journey to the West was based on historical events.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Vampire Diaries was an original idea for a TV series.
Wikipedia page: The Vampire Diaries (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The Vampire Diaries is an American supernatural teen drama television series developed by Kevin Williamson and Julie Plec, based on the popular book series of the same name written by L. J. Smith.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Smith retired in 1996 at the end of the season after after tension with his new manager.
Wikipedia page: Ozzie Smith (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: After tension with his new manager Tony La Russa developed in 1996, Smith retired at season's end, and his uniform number (No. 1) was subsequently retired by the Cardinals.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Qur'an's claim of divine origin is disputed due to preexisting sources and the religious text for the Church of Christ.
Wikipedia page: Qur'an (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: the recitation', Arabic pronunciation: [alqur'ʔaːn]), also romanized Qur'an or Koran, is the central religious text of Islam, believed by Muslims to be a revelation from God (Allah).
section_header: Summary
text: The Quran (, kor-AHN; Arabic: القرآن‎, romanized: al-Qurʼān, lit. '
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Grimes was a professional American baseball player that spent most of his career playing for the Pirates.
Wikipedia page: Burleigh Grimes (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: MLB career
text: Grimes played for the Pittsburgh Pirates in 1916 and 1917.
section_header: MLB career
text: He then pitched for the New York Giants (1927), the Pirates again (1928–1929), the Boston Braves (1930) and the St. Louis Cardinals (1930-1931).
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Juarez has many places in Mexico named after him.
Wikipedia page: Benito Juarez (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Honors and recognition
text: Place names Numerous cities, towns, streets, and institutions in Mexico are named after Benito Juárez, including the former El Paso del Norte, now called Ciudad Juárez; see Juárez (disambiguation) for a partial list.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Disney adapted the story in 1973 with animator Ken Anderson.
Wikipedia page: Robin Hood (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Ballads and tales | Films, animations, new concepts and other adaptations | Walt Disney's Robin Hood
text: In the 1973 animated Disney film, Robin Hood, the title character is portrayed as an anthropomorphic fox voiced by Brian Bedford.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: England used a particular flower as a signal for pacifism while fighting a massive war named after it, in which both sides fought under banners utilizing that same flower to rally supporters.
Wikipedia page: England (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: National symbols
text: The Tudor rose was adopted as a national emblem of England around the time of the Wars of the Roses as a symbol of peace.
section_header: National symbols
text: It is a syncretic symbol in that it merged the white rose of the Yorkists and the red
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Slipknot is a musical group from Jordison, Indiana and has sold over 30 million records worldwide.
Wikipedia page: Slipknot (band) (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Slipknot is an American heavy metal band from Des Moines, Iowa.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Billy Evans got his start in pro baseball while he was a writer for the town paper.
Wikipedia page: Billy Evans (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Formative years
text: In the early 1900s, while covering a baseball game between the Youngstown Ohio Works club and a team from Homestead, Pennsylvania, Evans was approached by the manager of the local club, ex-major leaguer Marty Hogan, and asked to fill an umpire vacancy.
section_header: Formative years
text: According to Evans's obituary, the aspiring reporter, who was on a date with a young woman, "wasn't interested until Hogan mentioned he would be paid $15 a week for officiating the game", a figure equivalent to a week's salary at his sportswriting job.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Alfred the Great was King of Wessex and the King of the Anglo-Saxons after his father and older brothers passed away but the lineaged ended with him.
Wikipedia page: Alfred the Great (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Family
text: He died in the early 850s. Alfred's next three brothers were successively kings of Wessex.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Ted Williams's career has been interrupted due to military service during several wars.
Wikipedia page: Ted Williams (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: He played his entire 19-year Major League Baseball (MLB) career, primarily as a left fielder, for the Boston Red Sox from 1939 to 1960; his career was interrupted by military service during World War II and the Korean War.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: During the Boxer Rebellion, Empress Dowager Cixi impersonated one of the court's hairstylists in order to escape.
Wikipedia page: Boxer Rebellion (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Boxer War | Evacuation of the Qing imperial court from Beijing to Xi'an
text: In the early hours of 15 August, just as the Foreign Legations were being relieved, Empress Dowager Cixi, dressed in the padded blue cotton of a farm woman, the Guangxu Emperor, and a small retinue climbed into three wooden ox carts and escaped from the city covered with rough blankets.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Billy Joel grew up in a small bungalow in Lindenhurts, NY.
Wikipedia page: Billy Joel (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life, family and education
text: When he was one year old, his family moved to the Long Island suburb Hicksville, New York, in the Town of Oyster Bay, where he and his younger sister Judy were raised in a section of Levitt homes.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Tess of the d'Urbervilles is a novel that did well and was published in three volumes.
Wikipedia page: Tess of the d'Urbervilles (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Though now considered a major 19th-century English novel, even Hardy's fictional masterpiece, Tess of the d'Urbervilles received mixed reviews when it first appeared, in part because it challenged the sexual morals of late Victorian England.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Amerigo Vespucci is famous for his collection of writings about the North and South American continents.
Wikipedia page: Amerigo Vespucci (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Amerigo Vespucci (, Italian: [ameˈriːɡo veˈsputtʃi]; 9 March 1454 – 22 February 1512) was an Italian merchant, explorer, and navigator from the Republic of Florence (modern Italy), from whose name the terms America and Americas are derived.
section_header: Summary
text: Both publications were extremely popular and widely read across much of Europe.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Lou Gehrig was turned to dust by means of fire after he ceased functioning.
Wikipedia page: Lou Gehrig (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Major league career | Diagnosis
text: An autopsy was not performed on Gehrig's body, and his remains were cremated after his open-casket wake.
section_header: Later life | Death
text: Gehrig's ashes were locked into a crypt in the stone monument marking his grave.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Agnes Moorehead was an entertainer for 50 years and grew up in Massachusetts.
Wikipedia page: Agnes Moorehead (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Agnes Robertson Moorehead (December 6, 1900 – April 30, 1974) was an American actress whose 41-year career included work in radio, stage, film, and television.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Canadian baseball player Ferguson Jenkins was the only Canadian to be in the hall of fame until this year.
Wikipedia page: Ferguson Jenkins (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Jenkins became the first Canadian to be inducted into the National Baseball Hall of Fame in 1991; he remained the only one until Larry Walker's election in 2020.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Night of the Long Knives was a legendary night in which several chefs worked together to created the longest knives they could and showing them off to each other and then the world.
Wikipedia page: Night of the Long Knives (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Legacy
text: The Night of the Long Knives represented a triumph for Hitler, and a turning point for the German government.
section_header: Summary
text: The phrase "Night of the Long Knives" in the German language predates the killings and refers generally to acts of vengeance.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The once smooth and expertly placed bricks of the Appian Way still survive, but have been eroded from centuries of wear.
Wikipedia page: Appian Way (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Construction of the road | Between Rome and Lake Albano
text: The surface was said to have been so smooth that you could not distinguish the joints.
section_header: Construction of the road | Between Rome and Lake Albano
text: The Roman section still exists and is lined with monuments of all periods, although the cement has eroded out of the joints, leaving a very rough surface.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Houses involved in the Wars of the Roses lost all of their men heirs.
Wikipedia page: Wars of the Roses (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Eventually, the wars eliminated the male lines of both families.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Charterhouse of Parma (French: La Chartreuse de Parme) is an 1839 novel by Stendhal about the life experiences of injury, love, dangerous spy alliances, and intrigue for an Italian nobleman..
Wikipedia page: The Charterhouse of Parma (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Plot summary
text: Fabrice grows up surrounded by intrigues and alliances for and against the French — his father the Marchese comically fancies himself a spy for the Viennese.
section_header: Plot summary
text: The Charterhouse of Parma chronicles the adventures of the young Italian nobleman Fabrice del Dongo from his birth in 1798 to his death.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Paul Revere's Ride is a poem that was written to appeal to the Northern half before the American Civil war.
Wikipedia page: Paul Revere's Ride (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Analysis
text: The poem was meant to appeal to Northerners' sense of urgency and, as a call for action, noted that history favors the courageous.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Waste Land is one of the least important poems by T.S. Eliot and the 434-line poem first appeared in the United Kingdom in 1922.
Wikipedia page: The Waste Land (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The Waste Land is a poem by T. S. Eliot, widely regarded as one of the most important poems of the 20th century and a central work of modernist poetry.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: "Dizzy" Dean got his nickname thanks to a concussion sustained on the field as he dived for a ball, letting it strike him in the head and knock him out, which resulted in a permanent loss of balance.
Wikipedia page: Dizzy Dean (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Ace of the Gashouse Gang
text: Dean was known for antics which inspired his nickname.
section_header: Early life
text: As Dean worked his way through the Sox lineup, an exasperated Chicago manager reportedly yelled "Knock that dizzy kid out the box!" He proceeded to call him "dizzy kid" through the rest of the game, and the moniker stuck.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Cherubini's operas were extremely complimented.
Wikipedia page: Luigi Cherubini (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: His operas were heavily praised and interpreted by Rossini.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Charlie Sheen real name is Ramon and Charlie is his stage name.
Wikipedia page: Charlie Sheen (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: Sheen was born Carlos Estévez on September 3, 1965, in New York City, the youngest son of actor Martin Sheen (whose real name is Ramón Gerardo Antonio Estévez) and artist Janet Templeton.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Cancer is not sourced by viruses.
Wikipedia page: Virus (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Role in human disease | Cancer
text: Viruses are an established cause of cancer in humans and other species.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Coming from a family of physicians, Karl Goldmark had two careers, he got a medical degree and studied the violin.
Wikipedia page: Karl Goldmark (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Life and career
text: To make ends meet, Goldmark also pursued a side career as a music journalist.
section_header: Life and career
text: Karl Goldmark's older brother Joseph became a physician and was later involved in the Revolution of 1848, and forced to emigrate to the United States.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Born and raised in Argentina, Lionel Messi moved to Spain to join Barcelona and holds many professional football records while thought to be the greatest.
Wikipedia page: Lionel Messi (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Player profile | Reception
text: Four years later, after Messi had won his first Ballon d'Or by a record margin, the public debate regarding his qualities as a player moved beyond his status in contemporary football to the possibility that he was one of the greatest players in history.
section_header: Summary
text: A prolific goalscorer and creative playmaker, Messi holds the records for most goals in La Liga (444), a La Liga and European league season (50), most hat-tricks in La Liga (36) and the UEFA Champions League (8), and most assists in La Liga (183), a La Liga and European league season (21) and the Copa América (12).
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Astronomers use Vega as a base point when calculating the parallax effect to note distance between heavenly bodies.
Wikipedia page: Vega (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Vega has functioned as the baseline for calibrating the photometric brightness scale and was one of the stars used to define the zero point for the UBV photometric system.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The episodes of the sitcom are available to stream on Netflix in different countries.
Wikipedia page: How I Met Your Mother (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Home media
text: Seasons 1 through 9 are available to stream on Netflix in Austria, Belgium, Canada, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Latin America, The Netherlands, Turkey, Spain, Sweden,the Philippines, and the UK; season 9 was released on September 26, 2014.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard is the first woman to receive the Noble Prize without going to college.
Wikipedia page: Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Nüsslein-Volhard earned her PhD in 1974 from the University of Tübingen, where she studied protein-DNA interaction.
section_header: Summary
text: She won the Albert Lasker Award for Basic Medical Research in 1991 and the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1995, together with Eric Wieschaus and Edward B. Lewis, for their research on the genetic control of embryonic development.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Carl Orff did start to broadcast his work at 16.
Wikipedia page: Carl Orff (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Life | Early life
text: In 1911, at age 16, some of Orff's music was published.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Judgment at Nuremberg addresses war corruption affecting civilians among a few other topics in this drama.
Wikipedia page: Judgment at Nuremberg (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The film deals with non-combatant war crimes against a civilian population, the Holocaust, and examines the post-World War II geopolitical complexity of the actual Nuremberg Trials.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi was born November 1900.
Wikipedia page: Mahatma Gandhi (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Biography | Early life and background
text: Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi was born on 2 October 1869 into an Indian Gujarati Hindu Modh Baniya family in Porbandar (also known as Sudamapuri), a coastal town on the Kathiawar Peninsula and then part of the small princely state of Porbandar in the Kathiawar Agency of the Indian Empire.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: George Armstrong Custer's body was never fully obtained due to creatures digging up his grave.
Wikipedia page: George Armstrong Custer (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Death
text: When soldiers returned a year later, the brothers' grave had been broken into by animals and the bones scattered.
Verdict: REFUTES