tasksource/fool-me-twice huggingface dataset:
Claim: Babe Ruth's career spanned 22 seasons, from 1914 through 1935.
Wikipedia page: Babe Ruth (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: George Herman "Babe" Ruth Jr. (February 6, 1895 – August 16, 1948) was an American professional baseball player whose career in Major League Baseball (MLB) spanned 22 seasons, from 1914 through 1935.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Raines had 6 siblings.
Wikipedia page: Tim Raines (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: Raines was one of seven children.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Persians takes place in Susa, which is an unusual beginning for a Greek tragedy written by Aeschylus and is about the ice-cold conflict with Zeus and his harpies
Wikipedia page: The Persians (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Place in Aeschylus' work
text: The first play in the trilogy, called Phineus, presumably dealt with Jason and the Argonauts' rescue of King Phineus from the torture that the monstrous harpies inflicted at the behest of Zeus.
section_header: Summary
text: The Persians takes place in Susa, which at the time was one of the capitals of the Persian Empire, and opens with a chorus of old men of Susa, who are soon joined by the Queen Mother, Atossa, as they await news of her son King Xerxes' expedition against the Greeks.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The reciprocated value of the Capacitance is known as elastance.
Wikipedia page: Capacitance (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The reciprocal of capacitance is called elastance.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Battle of the Bulge was a battle in World War II ended in the Germans taking the Western front but they had over 125,000 casualties on their side alone.
Wikipedia page: Battle of the Bulge (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Result
text: Although the Germans managed to begin their offensive with complete surprise and enjoyed some initial successes, they were not able to seize the initiative on the Western Front.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Bieber is from Canada.
Wikipedia page: Justin Bieber (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Justin Drew Bieber (; born March 1, 1994) is a Canadian singer, songwriter, and actor.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: In 1913, Oscar McKinley Charleston returned to baseball after serving in the Army for 3 years.
Wikipedia page: Oscar Charleston (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: In 1915, after serving three years in the U.S. Army, the Indianapolis, Indiana, native continued his baseball career as a professional with the Indianapolis ABCs; his career ended in 1954 as a player-manager for the Indianapolis Clowns.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: For his musical pieces, Philip Glass often relies on polyphony and tempo rubato.
Wikipedia page: Philip Glass (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Life and work | 1987–91: Operas and the turn to symphonic music
text: In these works, Glass often employs old musical forms such as the chaconne and the passacaglia—for instance in Satyagraha, the Violin Concerto No. 1 (1987), Symphony No. 3 (1995), Echorus (1995) and also recent works such as Symphony No. 8 (2005), and Songs and Poems for Solo Cello (2006).
section_header: Life and work | 1987–91: Operas and the turn to symphonic music
text: In taking this direction his chamber and orchestral works were also written in a more and more traditional and lyrical style.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The principal works and stories in it are the Bhagavad Gita, the story of Samayanti, the story of Savitri and Satyavan.
Wikipedia page: Mahabharata (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Among the principal works and stories in the Mahābhārata are the Bhagavad Gita, the story of Damayanti, story of Savitri and Satyavan, an abbreviated version of the Rāmāyaṇa, and the story of Ṛṣyasringa, often considered as works in their own right.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Shania Twain's parents did get separated when she was young.
Wikipedia page: Shania Twain (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: Her parents divorced when she was two and her mother moved to Timmins, Ontario, with her daughters.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The 1926 novel Elmer Gantry was well received by the religious community.
Wikipedia page: Elmer Gantry (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Reception
text: The book was banned in Boston and other cities and denounced from pulpits across the United States.
section_header: Reception
text: One cleric suggested that Lewis should be imprisoned for five years, and there were also threats of physical violence against the author.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Faerie Queene is a story about knights.
Wikipedia page: The Faerie Queene (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: On a literal level, the poem follows several knights as a means to examine different virtues, and though the text is primarily an allegorical work, it can be read on several levels of allegory, including as praise (or, later, criticism) of Queen Elizabeth I.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Pizarro passed in his palace due to multiple stab wounds.
Wikipedia page: Francisco Pizarro (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Pizarro's death
text: While trying to pull out his sword, he was stabbed in the throat, then fell to the floor where he was stabbed many times." Pizarro (who now was maybe as old as 70 years and at least 62), collapsed on the floor, alone, painted a cross in his own blood and cried for Jesus Christ.
section_header: Pizarro's death
text: In Lima, on 26 June 1541 "a group of 20 heavily armed supporters of Diego de Almagro II "el mozo" stormed Pizarro's palace, assassinating him and then forcing the terrified city council to appoint young Almagro as the new governor of Peru", according to Burkholder and Johnson.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Olivia de Havilland was quite seriously concerned with communists running Hollywood.
Wikipedia page: Olivia de Havilland (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Personal life | Religion and politics
text: Disturbed at seeing a small group of communist members manipulating the committee, she removed the pro-communist material from her speeches and rewrote them to reflect Democratic President Harry S. Truman's anti-communist platform.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Dave Bancroft was the youngest child in his family.
Wikipedia page: Dave Bancroft (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: Bancroft was born on April 20, 1891, in Sioux City, Iowa, the youngest of three children of Ella (née Gearhart) and Frank Bancroft.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Edward Barrow was a baseball manager partially christened after a high ranking Confederate officer.
Wikipedia page: Ed Barrow (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: His middle name, Grant, was bestowed on him in honor of Ulysses S. Grant, the Civil War general.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: It greatly helped the financial situtation in New York City.
Wikipedia page: Erie Canal (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: When completed in 1825, it was the second longest canal in the world (after the Grand Canal in China) and greatly enhanced the development and economy of New York, New York City, and the United States.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: German composer Richard Strauss cooperated with Hitler because he wanted him to promote German culture and he joined the Nazi party in 1935.
Wikipedia page: Richard Strauss (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Nazi Germany (1933–1945) | Reichsmusikkammer
text: Strauss never joined the Nazi party, and studiously avoided Nazi forms of greeting.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Foo Fighters was founded by Nirvana drummer Dave Grohl as an alternative rock band.
Wikipedia page: Foo Fighters (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Musical style and legacy
text: So it is just natural." Grohl said in 2005, "I love being in a rock band, but I don't know if I necessarily wanna be in an alternative rock band from the 1990s for the rest of my life." Grohl noted that the band's acoustic tour was an attempt to broaden the group's sound.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Karen Jones had little lasting effect on the uses of computers and the internet.
Wikipedia page: Karen Sparck Jones (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Karen Spärck Jones FBA (26 August 1935 – 4 April 2007) was a pioneering British computer scientist responsible for the concept of inverse document frequency, a technology that underlies most modern search engines.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Tris Speaker aka " The Blue Eagle" was born on April 4, 1888, in Hubbard, Texas, and as a youth broke his arm after he fell from a horse; the injury forced him to become left-handed
Wikipedia page: Tris Speaker (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: Speaker was born on April 4, 1888, in Hubbard, Texas, to Archie and Nancy Poer Speaker.
section_header: Summary
text: Tristram Edgar Speaker (April 4, 1888 – December 8, 1958), nicknamed "The Gray Eagle", was an American professional baseball player.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Charles Boyer was a German-American who acted in over 90 plays.
Wikipedia page: Charles Boyer (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Charles Boyer (French: [bwaje]; 28 August 1899 – 26 August 1978) was a French-American actor who appeared in more than 80 films between 1920 and 1976.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Happy Chandler's mother deserted him and his brother when he was a child.
Wikipedia page: Happy Chandler (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: Two years later, their mother, still in her teens and unable to cope with raising two young children, abandoned the family.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: One of the characters in The Ballad of the Sad Cafe is Miss Amelia, a shy and meek woman.
Wikipedia page: The Ballad of the Sad Cafe (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Plot of the novella
text: The story introduces Miss Amelia Evans, strong in both body and mind, who is approached by a hunchbacked man with only a suitcase in hand who claims to be her kin.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Sumner was the leader in Massachusetts for women's rights.
Wikipedia page: Charles Sumner (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: As an academic lawyer and a powerful orator, Sumner was the leader of the anti-slavery forces in the state and a leader of the Radical Republicans in the U.S. Senate during the American Civil War.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: George W. Bush was not the first US president to be elected without a majority of the people's vote.
Wikipedia page: George W. Bush (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: He became the fourth person to be elected president without a popular vote victory.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The first piece Cherubini composed was at the age of 14.
Wikipedia page: Luigi Cherubini (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Adulthood and first operas
text: Except for a brief return trip to London and to Turin for an opera seria commissioned by King Victor Amadeus III, Cherubini spent the rest of his life in France where he was initiated into Grand Orient de France "Saint-Jean de Palestine" Masonic Lodge in 1784.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Cannery Row is the street in the New Monterey section of Mexico located at the north end of Cabo San Lucas beach with a famous aquarium.
Wikipedia page: Cannery Row (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Today
text: MacAbee Beach and San Carlos Beach, which bookend Cannery Row are both popular spots for kayak-launching; San Carlos Beach is one of Monterey Bay's most popular scuba-diving spots.
section_header: Today
text: The Monterey Bay Aquarium (opened in 1984) is located at the north end of Cannery Row, at the former site of the major Hovden Cannery.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Benedict Arnold still has a place in several American monuments, in which his identity and likeness go purposely unmentioned.
Wikipedia page: Benedict Arnold (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Honours
text: To the Inhabitants of America (1780) The Boot Monument at Saratoga National Historical Park pays tribute to Arnold but does not mention his name.
section_header: Honours
text: One plaque bears only a rank and a date but no name: "major general… born 1740".
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Demosthenes was an orator who died in his sleep.
Wikipedia page: Demosthenes (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Demosthenes took his own life, to avoid being arrested by Archias of Thurii, Antipater's confidant.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: When it comes to it's fundamental operation, Naver functions much like Google.
Wikipedia page: Naver (Technology)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Naver is also frequently referred to as 'the Google of South Korea'.
section_header: Summary
text: It was also the world's first operator to introduce the comprehensive search feature, which compiles search results from various categories and presents them in a single page.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Guns N' Roses started off with a guitarist named Lizzy McKagan and Slash in 1984.
Wikipedia page: Guns N' Roses (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: History | Formation (1985–1986)
text: Months later, Guns N' Roses was formed in March 1985 by Rose, rhythm guitarist Stradlin, along with L.A. Guns founders lead guitarist Guns, drummer Rob Gardner and bassist Ole Beich.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Wall Street has plenty of ways to get around for commuters.
Wikipedia page: Wall Street (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Transportation
text: With Wall Street being historically a commuter destination, a plethora of transportation infrastructure has been developed to serve it.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Moll Flanders was printed in the 1720s.
Wikipedia page: Moll Flanders (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Moll Flanders is a novel by Daniel Defoe, first published in 1722.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: American Sniper was directed by Bradley Cooper.
Wikipedia page: American Sniper (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: American Sniper is a 2014 American biographical war drama film directed by Clint Eastwood and written by Jason Hall.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: In Look Homeward, Angel, Eugene is tormented by his schoolmates' pranks.
Wikipedia page: Look Homeward, Angel (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Plot | Part Three
text: He becomes the butt of practical jokes by the older fellow students.
section_header: Plot | Part Three
text: Eugene begins his education at UNC as a teenage boy, alienated and out of place.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Glavine grew up in Montana.
Wikipedia page: Tom Glavine (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Early years
text: Glavine was born in Concord, Massachusetts and raised in Billerica, Massachusetts.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: China has a reactionary system in place to handle the populations health needs.
Wikipedia page: China (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Demographics | Health
text: An emphasis on public health and preventive medicine has characterized Chinese health policy since the early 1950s.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Michael Clayton was written by John Grisham and won an award for Best Supporting Actress.
Wikipedia page: Michael Clayton (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Michael Clayton is a 2007 American legal thriller film written and directed by Tony Gilroy in his feature directorial debut and starring George Clooney, Tom Wilkinson, Tilda Swinton, and Sydney Pollack.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Some consider The Great Gatsby as the best novel of all time as it covers Gatsby through the towns of North Egg and South Egg through an exciting summer  in the 1920s.
Wikipedia page: The Great Gatsby (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The Great Gatsby is a 1925 novel written by American author F. Scott Fitzgerald that follows a cast of characters living in the fictional towns of West Egg and East Egg on prosperous Long Island in the summer of 1922.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Edgar Allen Poe's "The Gold Bug" won money for him in a competition.
Wikipedia page: The Gold Bug (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The prize also included $100, probably the largest single sum that Poe received for any of his works. " The Gold-Bug" was an instant success and was the most popular and most widely read of Poe's works during his lifetime.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Kiki Cuyler's nickname stuck when he played for the Vols in Nashville.
Wikipedia page: Kiki Cuyler (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Career | Pittsburgh Pirates
text: It was in Nashville that his nickname had taken hold with the fans.
section_header: Career | Pittsburgh Pirates
text: He hit .340 in 1923 for the Nashville Vols of the Southern Association.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Jocko Conlan became an umpire after he was injured in a baseball game.
Wikipedia page: Jocko Conlan (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Umpiring career
text: He retired after the 1964 season, but returned to work as a substitute umpire for 17 games in 1965.Conlan was known for several trademarks: Instead of a regular dress tie like most umpires of the day wore, Conlan wore a natty bow tie for his career.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Bostonians is a novel by Henry James showing the policies for the male population in shreds, much like the large cross pictured in Boston's reformer convention center at the time.
Wikipedia page: The Bostonians (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Critical evaluation
text: " James' portrayal of Boston reformers was denounced as inaccurate and unfair, especially because some felt James had satirised actual persons in the novel.
section_header: Themes
text: Unlike much of James' work, The Bostonians deals with explicitly political themes: feminism and the general role of women in society.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Desire Under the Elms was inspired by O'Neill's siblings.
Wikipedia page: Desire Under the Elms (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: It was inspired by the myth of Phaedra, Hippolytus, and Theseus.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Britney Spears has worked with a soft drink company.
Wikipedia page: Britney Spears (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Other ventures | Product and endorsements
text: In 2001, she signed a deal with shoe company Skechers, and a $7–8 million promotional deal with Pepsi, their biggest entertainment deal at the time.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The new Wembley Stadium has weather protection in the form of fixed plexiglass stepped roofing overhead with open air sides.
Wikipedia page: Wembley Stadium (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Two partially retractable roof structures over the east and west end of the stadium can be opened to allow sunlight and aid pitch growth.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Samuel Coleridge-Taylor was born to parents of the different racial group.
Wikipedia page: Samuel Coleridge-Taylor (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Of mixed race birth, Coleridge-Taylor achieved such success that he was referred to by white New York musicians as the "African Mahler" when he had three tours of the United States in the early 1900s.
section_header: Marriage
text: Her parents objected to the marriage because Taylor was of mixed-race parentage, but relented and attended the wedding.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The phylum Chordata includes sea squirts, fish and reptiles and is defined by all members having backbones.
Wikipedia page: Chordata (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: During some period of their life cycle, chordates possess a notochord, a dorsal nerve cord, pharyngeal slits, an endostyle, and a post-anal tail: these five anatomical features define this phylum.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Earl Averill is a Hall of Famer that played Major League Baseball and won a Championship with the Detroit Tigers.
Wikipedia page: Earl Averill (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Major League Baseball career
text: The following season, his playing time was limited, but the Tigers reached the World Series.
section_header: Major League Baseball career
text: The Reds won the series 4 games to 3.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The nematodes is a roundworm and there is 50 different species.
Wikipedia page: Nematoda (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: A third of the genera occur as parasites of vertebrates; about 35 nematode species occur in humans.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Rhodes struggled with health issues most his life and passed from congestive heart disease eventually.
Wikipedia page: Cecil Rhodes (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Death
text: From age 40 his heart condition returned with increasing severity until his death from heart failure in 1902, aged 48, at his seaside cottage in Muizenberg.
section_header: Summary
text: His career never recovered; his heart was weak and after years of poor health he died in 1902.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The formation of the group happened in 1961.
Wikipedia page: Bee Gees (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The Bee Gees  were a British pop music group formed in 1958.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Red Ruffing lobbed the ball at the man with the weighted stick in a very standard way He was a very mediocre pitching man that did not do tricky things.
Wikipedia page: Red Ruffing (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Professional career | Major leagues | Career summary
text: According to AL umpire Bill Summers, "[O]n account of Red Ruffing, the slider got to be the thing." Joe Paparella, also an AL umpire, said "The first game I ever worked behind the plate in the major leagues was against the guy who invented the slider and had the best slider ever seen — Red Ruffing".
section_header: Professional career | Major leagues | Career summary
text: Ruffing threw a fastball, a "sharp" curveball, and a slider.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Marco Polo had his uncle write his will.
Wikipedia page: Marco Polo (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Life | Death
text: To write and certify the will, his family requested Giovanni Giustiniani, a priest of San Procolo.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: William H. Seward was a United States Secretary of State for the Republican party and favored slavery.
Wikipedia page: William H. Seward (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: A determined opponent of the spread of slavery in the years leading up to the American Civil War
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: John Philip Sousa was a composer of military marches and wrote the National Anthem.
Wikipedia page: John Philip Sousa (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Among his best-known marches are "The Stars and Stripes
section_header: Summary
text: Forever" (National March of the United States of America), "Semper Fidelis" (official march of the United States Marine Corps), "The Liberty Bell", "The Thunderer", and "The Washington Post".
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Gifted at an early age Antonín Dvořák, was one of the first composers to use his dreams from the future with German folk tradition.
Wikipedia page: Antonín Dvořák (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Works | Other works
text: Dvořák  did not use actual folk tunes in his dances, but created his own themes in the authentic style of traditional folk music, using only rhythms of original folk dances.
section_header: Works | Other works
text: In 2018 new composition "From The Future World" was created using artificial intelligence to complement the works of Antonín Dvořák.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: It was the world's largest cathedral for nearly a thousand years.
Wikipedia page: Hagia Sophia (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: It remained the world's largest cathedral for nearly a thousand years, until Seville Cathedral was completed in 1520.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Maria Skłodowska-Curie died in 1936 at the age of 65.
Wikipedia page: Maria Skłodowska-Curie (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Marie Curie died in 1934, aged 66, at a sanatorium in Sancellemoz (Haute-Savoie), France, of aplastic anaemia from exposure to radiation in the course of her scientific research and in the course of her radiological work at field hospitals during World War I.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Samsung's first cell phone was a hit in South Korea.
Wikipedia page: Samsung Electronics (Technology)
Evidence:
section_header: History | 1988–1995: Consumer struggles
text: In 1988, Samsung Electronics launched its first mobile phone in the South Korean market.
section_header: History | 1988–1995: Consumer struggles
text: Sales were initially poor, and by the early 1990s, Motorola held a market share of over 60 percent in the country's mobile phone market compared to just 10 percent for Samsung.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Julie had two siblings.
Wikipedia page: Julie Christie (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: She has a younger brother, Clive, and an older (now deceased) half-sister, June, from her father's relationship with an Indian woman, who worked as a tea picker on his plantation.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Nolan was born in Refuge, Texas, and now lives in Georgetown, Texas.
Wikipedia page: Nolan Ryan (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: Ryan was born in Refugio, Texas, a small town located just south of Victoria in the southern part of the state.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Roy Campanella had roots from Italy on his father's side.
Wikipedia page: Roy Campanella (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life and education
text: He was born Roy Campanella in Philadelphia to parents Ida, who was African American, and John Campanella, son of Italian immigrants.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Chiang Kai-shek was a Chinese military leader.
Wikipedia page: Chiang Kai-shek (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Chiang Kai-shek (31 October 1887 – 5 April 1975), also known as Chiang Chung-cheng and romanized via Mandarin as Chiang Chieh-shih and Jiang Jieshi,  was a Chinese nationalist politician, revolutionary and military leader who served as the leader of the Republic of China between 1928 and 1975, first in mainland China until 1949
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: English-American actress and humanitarian Elizabeth Taylor was married 8 times.
Wikipedia page: Elizabeth Taylor (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: She was married eight times to seven men, converted to Judaism, endured several serious illnesses, and led a jet set lifestyle, including assembling one of the most expensive private collections of jewelry in the world.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Shafi Goldwasser has studied codebreaking.
Wikipedia page: Shafi Goldwasser (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Scientific career
text: Goldwasser's research areas include computational complexity theory, cryptography and computational number theory.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Imaginary Invalid is a ballet by Mikhail Baryshnikov and opens with the character named Argan going through the bill from his pharmacist.
Wikipedia page: The Imaginary Invalid (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The Imaginary Invalid or The Hypochondriac (French title Le malade imaginaire, [lə malad imaʒinɛːʁ]) is a three-act comédie-ballet by the French playwright Molière with dance sequences and musical interludes by Marc-Antoine Charpentier.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Naismith never had a middle name.
Wikipedia page: James Naismith (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Early years
text: He never had a middle name and never signed his name with an "A" initial.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Verisign is a Canadian company that started in 1995.
Wikipedia page: Verisign (Technology)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Verisign Inc. is an American company based in Reston, Virginia, United States that operates a diverse array of network infrastructure, including two of the Internet's thirteen root nameservers, the authoritative registry for the .com, .net, and .name generic top-level domains and the .cc
section_header: Summary
text: .edu top-level domains. Verisign also offers a range of security services, including managed DNS, distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attack mitigation and cyber-threat reporting.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: It is one of the most notable novels of the 20th century.
Wikipedia page: Les Misérables (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Les Misérables (, French: [le mizeʁabl(ə)]) is a French historical novel by Victor Hugo, first published in 1862, that is considered one of the greatest novels of the 19th century.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Greenback Party was an American political party with an anti-monopoly ideology which was active between 1874 and 1889, and ran candidates in three presidential elections—in the elections of 1876, 1880, and 1884.
Wikipedia page: Greenback Party (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The Greenback Party (known successively as the Independent Party, the National Independent Party, and the Greenback Labor Party) was an American political party with an anti-monopoly ideology which was active between 1874 and 1889.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Fork Frick graduated from Harvard University.
Wikipedia page: Ford Frick (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: He attended DePauw University, where he played first base for the DePauw baseball team and ran track.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Benjamin Franklin was one of founding fathers of the United States and was one of nine children.
Wikipedia page: Benjamin Franklin (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Ancestry
text: Benjamin, their eighth child, was Josiah Franklin's fifteenth child overall, and his tenth and final son.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Cornelius Vanderbilt's children did not receive equal amounts from his estate after he died.
Wikipedia page: Cornelius Vanderbilt (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Legacy
text: Commodore Vanderbilt willed amounts ranging from $250,000 to $500,000 to each of his daughters.
section_header: Legacy
text: His descendants were the ones who built the Vanderbilt houses that characterize America's Gilded Age. (Although his daughters and Cornelius received bequests much smaller than those of their brother William
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: London is the 2nd largest city of the UK.
Wikipedia page: London (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: London is the capital and largest city of England and the United Kingdom.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: At the end of Arthur Miller's Death of a Salesman, Linda tells her husband to leave her.
Wikipedia page: Death of a Salesman (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Plot
text: Linda asks Willy for forgiveness for being unable to cry.
section_header: Plot
text: In the requiem, Linda and Happy stand in shock after Willy's poorly attended funeral.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Wild Duck is a tragicomedy.
Wikipedia page: The Wild Duck (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: It is considered the first modern masterpiece in the genre of tragicomedy.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Claude Rains was fortunate to a class villain with parts in many favorite American films.
Wikipedia page: Claude Rains (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Rains was considered to be "one of the screen's great character stars" who was, according to the All-Movie Guide, "at his best when playing cultured villains".
section_header: Summary
text: After his American film debut as Dr. Jack Griffin in The Invisible Man (1933) he appeared in classic films such as The Adventures of Robin Hood (1938), Mr. Smith Goes to Washington (1939), The Wolf Man (1941), Casablanca and Kings Row (both 1942), Notorious (1946) and Lawrence of Arabia (1962).
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Joan of Arc was canonized as one of nine Roman Catholic saints.
Wikipedia page: Joan of Arc (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: nicknamed "The Maid of Orléans" (French: La Pucelle d'Orléans), is considered a heroine of France for her role during the Lancastrian phase of the Hundred Years' War, and was canonized as a Roman Catholic saint.
section_header: Summary
text: Joan of Arc is one of the nine secondary patron saints of France, along with Saint Denis, Saint Martin of Tours, Saint Louis, Saint Michael, Saint Rémi, Saint Petronilla, Saint Radegund and Saint Thérèse of Lisieux.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Leonhard Euler was a French teacher of mathematics.
Wikipedia page: Leonhard Euler (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Leonhard Euler ( OY-lər; German: [ˈɔʏlɐ] (listen); 15 April 1707 – 18 September 1783) was a Swiss mathematician, physicist, astronomer, geographer, logician and engineer who made important and influential discoveries in many branches of mathematics, such as infinitesimal calculus and graph theory, while also making pioneering contributions to several branches such as topology and analytic number theory.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Edward Elgar was the youngest his 6 siblings.
Wikipedia page: Edward Elgar (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Biography | Early years
text: Edward was the fourth of their seven children.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Bell Jar is a novel by the poet Sylvia Plath but she wasn't given credit for the novel because someone else said they wrote the book.
Wikipedia page: The Bell Jar (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Originally published under the pseudonym "Victoria Lucas" in 1963, the novel is semi-autobiographical, with the names of places and people changed.
section_header: Summary
text: The novel was published under Plath's name for the first time in 1967 and was not published in the United States until 1971, in accordance with the wishes of both Plath's husband, Ted Hughes, and her mother.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: A Study in Scarlet novel was the first appearance of the Sherlock Holmes and Dr. Watson characters and took 3 years to write.
Wikipedia page: A Study in Scarlet (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Publication
text: Conan Doyle wrote the novel at the age of 27 in less than three weeks.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Jane Wyman was put to rest in the same famous outfit that "sisters" in the catholic clergy wear.
Wikipedia page: Jane Wyman (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Personal life | Death
text: A member of the Dominican Order (as a lay tertiary) of the Catholic Church, she was buried in a nun's habit.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: John Cabot had four boys and two girls.
Wikipedia page: John Cabot (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Family
text: Cabot married Mattea around 1470, and had issue including three sons: Ludovico Caboto
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Many churches in Genoa have a mix of different architecture due to it's long history.
Wikipedia page: Genoa (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Cityscape | Churches
text: These churches and basilicas are built in Romanesque (San Donato, Santa Maria di Castello, Commenda di San Giovanni di Pré), Gothic (San Matteo, Santo Stefano, Sant'Agostino), Baroque (San Siro) or Renaissance (Santa Maria Assunta di Carignano, San Pietro in Banchi) appearance, or a mix of different styles (Nostra Signora della Consolazione, Santissima Annunziata del Vastato; this last has a Baroque interior and a Neoclassicist façade).
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: American abolitionist John Brown was nonviolent.
Wikipedia page: John Brown (abolitionist) (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: What we need is action—action!" In May 1856, Brown and his supporters killed five supporters of slavery in the Pottawatomie massacre, a response to the sacking of Lawrence by pro-slavery forces.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Anti-Masonic Party rivaled Democrats once.
Wikipedia page: Anti-Masonic Party (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: In New York, the Anti-Masons supplanted the National Republicans as the primary opposition to the Democrats.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Two Noble Kinsmen is a tragicomedy, first published in 1634 and attributed to John Fletcher and William Shakespeare and includes a jailer's child losing her mind dancing, singing, and muttering nonsense to entertain royalty.
Wikipedia page: The Two Noble Kinsmen (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Synopsis
text: The jailer's daughter, forsaken, has gone mad.
section_header: Synopsis
text: She meets a troupe of local countrymen who want to perform a Morris dance before the king and queen.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: No Longer At Ease is a book by an African author and title comes from another book's lines.
Wikipedia page: No Longer At Ease (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Novel's title
text: But no longer at ease here, With an alien people clutching their gods.
section_header: Summary
text: No Longer at Ease is a 1960 novel by Nigerian author Chinua Achebe.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Mexico has the world's most diverse biodiversity.
Wikipedia page: Mexico (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Mexico is an ecologically megadiverse, ranking 5th in the world for its natural biodiversity.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Guess Who's Coming to Dinner never inspired other movies.
Wikipedia page: Guess Who's Coming to Dinner (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Remakes
text: The 2005 film Guess Who starring Ashton Kutcher and Bernie Mac is a loose remake, styled as a comedy rather than a drama, with the racial roles reversed: Black parents are caught off-guard when their daughter brings home the young white man she has chosen to marry.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Connie Mack was one of few baseball managers that had no problem at all letting his players play inebriated.
Wikipedia page: Connie Mack (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Baseball career | Managing | Managerial career
text: Mack himself never drank; before the 1910 World Series he asked all his players to "take the pledge" not to drink during the Series.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Invisible Man had a strong moral compass and never killed anyone.
Wikipedia page: The Invisible Man (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Plot summary
text: In the process, he arms himself with an iron pipe; when a man follows the "floating pipe" and accidentally forces the Invisible Man into thorn bushes, the Invisible Man commits his first murder.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Pope Clement VII's father was killed when he was a year old.
Wikipedia page: Pope Clement VII (NOCAT)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: On April 26, 1478 — exactly one month before his birth — his father, Giuliano de Medici (brother of Lorenzo the Magnificent) was murdered in the Florence Cathedral by enemies of his family, in what is now known as “The Pazzi Conspiracy”.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Madonna was mocked relentlessly for her tone by reviewers in her early days.
Wikipedia page: Madonna (entertainer) (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Artistry | Voice and instruments
text: " Madonna used a bright, girlish vocal timbre in her early albums which became passé in her later works.
section_header: Artistry | Voice and instruments
text: The change was deliberate since she was constantly reminded of how critics had once labeled her "Minnie Mouse on helium".
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The last words of The Hollow Men have been quoted more than any other poem
Wikipedia page: The Hollow Men (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The poem is divided into five parts and consists of 98 lines of which the last four are "probably the most quoted lines of any 20th-century poet writing in English".
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Egyptian President Gamal Abdel Nasser led the overthrow of the monarchy in 1952 and in 1954 he had a assassination attempt.
Wikipedia page: Gamal Abdel Nasser (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Road to presidency | Assuming chairmanship of RCC
text: On 26 October 1954, Muslim Brotherhood member Mahmoud Abdel-Latif attempted to assassinate Nasser while he was delivering a speech in Alexandria, broadcast to the Arab world by radio, to celebrate the British military withdrawal.
section_header: Summary
text: Gamal Abdel Nasser Hussein (UK: , US: ; Arabic: جمال عبد الناصر حسين‎, romanized: Jamāl ʻAbdu n-Nāṣir Ḥusayn, Egyptian Arabic: [ɡæˈmæːl ʕæbdenˈnɑːsˤeɾ ħeˈseːn]; 15 January 1918 – 28 September 1970) was an Egyptian politician who served as the second President of Egypt, from 1954 until his death in 1970.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Battle of Austerlitz is one of the greatest battles of the reign of Marie Antoinette.
Wikipedia page: Battle of Austerlitz (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: In what is widely regarded as the greatest victory achieved by Napoleon, the Grande Armée of France defeated a larger Russian and Austrian army led by Emperor Alexander I and Holy Roman Emperor Francis II.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Bid McPhee didn't wear a mitt, so he pickled his paws in a briny mixture of sodium and H2O instead.
Wikipedia page: Bid McPhee (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Major League Baseball career
text: Without the benefit of the padding provided by fielding gloves, McPhee toughened his hands by soaking them in salt water.
section_header: Summary
text: Known more for his fielding than his hitting, McPhee was the last second baseman to play without a glove.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Romeo and Juliet, a play by William Shakespeare, is the most filmed play and male leads have included Leonardo DiCaprio and Orlando Bloom.
Wikipedia page: Romeo and Juliet (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Legacy | Screen
text: The production starred Orlando Bloom and Condola Rashad.
section_header: Legacy | Screen
text: Romeo and Juliet may be the most-filmed play of all time.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Getulio Vargas went to the army.
Wikipedia page: Getulio Vargas (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Background
text: Vargas enlisted as a private in 1899 in the sixth infantry battalion and later joined the military college at Rio Pardo.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Jefferson spent extensive time in Spain.
Wikipedia page: Thomas Jefferson (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Presidency (1801–1809) | Re-election in 1804 and second term
text: In the wake of the Louisiana Purchase, Jefferson sought to annex Florida from Spain, as brokered by Napoleon.
section_header: Political career 1775–1800 | Minister to France
text: In 1784, Jefferson was sent by the Congress of the Confederation to join Benjamin Franklin and John Adams in Paris as Minister Plenipotentiary for Negotiating Treaties of Amity and Commerce with Great Britain, Russia, Austria, Prussia, Denmark, Saxony, Hamburg, Spain, Portugal, Naples, Sardinia, The Pope, Venice, Genoa, Tuscany, the Sublime Porte, Morocco, Algiers, Tunis, and Tripoli.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Grimes was the first pitcher to throw a spitball.
Wikipedia page: Burleigh Grimes (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Burleigh Arland Grimes (August 18, 1893 – December 6, 1985) was an American professional baseball player, and the last pitcher officially permitted to throw the spitball.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Eleanor showed a dislike for those of the Jewish faith outside the public view and seemed to work to undermine their interests, but this did gradually decline.
Wikipedia page: Eleanor Roosevelt (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Personal life | Other relationships | Anti-Semitism
text: Eleanor Roosevelt in private showed a revulsion against rich Jews in 1918, telling her mother-in-law the "Jew party [was] appalling.... I never wish to hear money, jewels or sables mentioned again.".
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Natalie Portman's name is Neta-Lee.
Wikipedia page: Natalie Portman (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Life and career | Background
text: She was given the Hebrew name Neta-Lee.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Fisk had five siblings.
Wikipedia page: Carlton Fisk (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: He was raised by his parents, Leona and Cecil, along with older brother Calvin, younger brothers Conrad and Cedric and younger sisters Janet and Julie.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Cyrus the Great was the founder of the 1st Persian Empire.
Wikipedia page: Cyrus the Great (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: ; Hebrew: כּוֹרֶשׁ, Modern: Kōréš, Tiberian: Kōréš; c. 600 – 530 BC), commonly known as Cyrus the Great, and also called Cyrus the Elder by the Greeks, was the founder of the Achaemenid Empire, the first Persian Empire.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: One of Tom Hardy's characters is a superhero.
Wikipedia page: Tom Hardy (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Career | 2011–present
text: Taboo was aired in the United States by FX.In 2018, Hardy starred in the film Venom, as the title comic book sometime hero, Eddie Brock / Venom.
section_header: Summary
text: He starred as Eddie Brock / Venom in the 2018 anti-hero film Venom.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Peter O'Toole's mother was a healthcare worker.
Wikipedia page: Peter O'Toole (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: Peter Seamus O'Toole was born on 2 August 1932, the son of Constance Jane Eliot (née Ferguson), a Scottish nurse, and Patrick Joseph "Spats" O'Toole, an Irish metal plater, football player, and bookmaker.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: 60 men are said to have participated in Julius Caesar's assassination that resulted in him being stabbed 23 times.
Wikipedia page: Julius Caesar (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Dictatorship and assassination | Assassination
text: He was stabbed 23 times. According to Suetonius, a physician later established that only one wound, the second one to his chest, had been lethal.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Alexander Kerensky  was a Ukrainian law practitioner.
Wikipedia page: Alexander Kerensky (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Alexander Fyodorovich Kerensky ( KERR-ən-skee, kə-REN-skee; Russian: Алекса́ндр Фёдорович Ке́ренский, IPA: [ɐlʲɪkˈsandr ˈkʲerʲɪnskʲɪj]; original spelling: Александръ Ѳедоровичъ Керенскій; 4 May [O.S. 22 April] 1881 – 11 June 1970) was a Russian lawyer and revolutionary who was a key political figure in the Russian Revolution of 1917.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Joe Torre was the manager of the New York Yankees and guided the team to four World Series championships, and ranks third all-time in MLB history with 2,326 wins as a manager.
Wikipedia page: Joe Torre (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: He previously served in the capacity of Major League Baseball's (MLB) chief baseball officer from 2011 to 2020.
section_header: Summary
text: A former player, manager and television color commentator, Torre ranks fifth all-time in MLB history with 2,326 wins as a manager.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Los Angeles Lakers play their home games at the Staples Center, which is a shared arena with another NBA team.
Wikipedia page: Los Angeles Lakers (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The Lakers play their home games at Staples Center, an arena shared with the NBA's Los Angeles Clippers, the Los Angeles Sparks of the Women's National Basketball Association, and the Los Angeles Kings of the National Hockey League.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Dressing casually would be frowned upon in the Palace of Westminster.
Wikipedia page: Palace of Westminster (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Rules and traditions | Dress code
text: Men are expected to wear formal attire, women are expected to dress in business-like clothing and the wearing of T-shirts with slogans is not allowed.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Glass Menagerie is a play by Tennessee Williams that first started in New York City.
Wikipedia page: The Glass Menagerie (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: After a shaky start it was championed by Chicago critics Ashton Stevens and Claudia Cassidy, whose enthusiasm helped build audiences so the producers could move the play to Broadway where it won the New York Drama Critics' Circle Award in 1945.
section_header: Summary
text: The play premiered in Chicago in 1944.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Albert Chandler was in Commissioner of a professional league in the America.
Wikipedia page: Happy Chandler (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Aside from his political positions, he also served as the second Commissioner of Baseball from 1945 to 1951 and was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1982.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Walter Alston was a baseball player who played for 24 seasons.
Wikipedia page: Walter Alston (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: He is best known for managing the Brooklyn/Los Angeles Dodgers from 1954 through 1976, and signed 23 one-year contracts with the team.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Through the Looking Glass was the prequel to Alice in Wonderland.
Wikipedia page: Through the Looking Glass (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Through the Looking-Glass, and What Alice Found There (also known as Alice Through the Looking-Glass or simply Through the Looking-Glass) is an 1871 novel by Lewis Carroll and the sequel to Alice's Adventures in Wonderland (1865).
Verdict: REFUTES