tasksource/fool-me-twice huggingface dataset:
Claim: After his baseball career, Elmer Flick returned to his hometown and sold properties.
Wikipedia page: Elmer Flick (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Later life
text: Returning to Bedford, Flick hunted, raised horses, built buildings, and became involved in selling real estate.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Maria Skłodowska-Curie has never founded an institution.
Wikipedia page: Maria Skłodowska-Curie (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: She founded the Curie Institutes in Paris and in Warsaw, which remain major centres of medical research today.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Apple is the world's 2nd largest mobile  phone manufacturer.
Wikipedia page: Apple Inc. (Technology)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: It is also the world's third-largest mobile phone manufacturer after Samsung and Huawei.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The granite faces are of presidents.
Wikipedia page: Mount Rushmore National Memorial (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: History
text: The four presidential faces were carved into the granite with the intention of symbolizing "an accomplishment born, planned, and created in the minds and by the hands of Americans for Americans".
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Strange Interlude was an American play that was confined to New York because of its contentious theme.
Wikipedia page: Strange Interlude (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The play's subject matter, very controversial for the 1920s, led to it being censored or banned in many cities outside New York.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Gillick was a pitcher.
Wikipedia page: Pat Gillick (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: He was also a gifted pitcher, playing on the 1958 National Title baseball team at USC and spending five years in the minor league systems of the Baltimore Orioles and Pittsburgh Pirates, venturing as high as Triple-A. A left-hander, Gillick posted a win/loss record of 45–32 with an earned run average of 3.42 in 164 minor league games.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Wallace was charged with treason in 1305.
Wikipedia page: William Wallace (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: In August 1305, Wallace was captured in Robroyston, near Glasgow, and handed over to King Edward I of England, who had him hanged, drawn and quartered for high treason and crimes against English civilians.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Sissy Spacek was born in Atlanta, Georgia and continues to live there when not working.
Wikipedia page: Sissy Spacek (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Born and raised in Texas, Spacek initially aspired to a career as a singer.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Duffy passed away in 1955.
Wikipedia page: Hugh Duffy (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Hugh Duffy (November 26, 1866 – October 19, 1954) was an American outfielder and manager in Major League Baseball.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Stanley Kubrick did not use the novel's ending in his film Barry Lyndon.
Wikipedia page: Barry Lyndon (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Source novel
text: Kubrick made several changes to the plot, including the addition of the final duel.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The height of the building is 800 meters.
Wikipedia page: Burj Khalifa (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: With a total height of 829.8 m (2,722 ft, just over half a mile) and a roof height (excluding antenna, but including a 244 m spire) of 828 m (2,717 ft), the Burj Khalifa has been the tallest structure and building in the world since its topping out in 2009.Construction of the Burj Khalifa began in 2004, with the exterior completed five years later in 2009.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Seattle has a wide variety of professional sports team including the  Supersonics.
Wikipedia page: Seattle (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Professional sports
text: The SuperSonics relocated to Oklahoma City and became the Oklahoma City Thunder for the 2008–09 season.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Ripken's family relocated often due to his father's military career.
Wikipedia page: Cal Ripken Jr. (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: Though the Ripkens called Aberdeen, Maryland their home, they were often on the move because of Cal Sr.'s coaching duties with the Baltimore Orioles organization.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Lady Gaga's parents were supportive of a career in computer science
Wikipedia page: Lady Gaga (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Life and career | 1986–2005: Early life
text: Her parents encouraged her to pursue music, and enrolled her in Creative Arts Camp.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Michael Faraday contributions to the field physics gave way to new discovery including one by Albert Einstein.
Wikipedia page: Michael Faraday (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Michael Faraday (; 22 September 1791 – 25 August 1867) was an English scientist who contributed to the study of electromagnetism and electrochemistry.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: There have been modern editions.
Wikipedia page: The Rime of the Ancient Mariner (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Some modern editions use a revised version printed in 1817 that featured a gloss.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Carpathia helped about 705 people from the Titanic taking several days to reach America.
Wikipedia page: Titanic (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Just under two hours after Titanic sank, the Cunard liner RMS Carpathia arrived and brought aboard an estimated 705 survivors.
section_header: Maiden voyage | Sinking
text: About 710 people survived the disaster and were conveyed by Carpathia to New York, Titanic's original destination, while at least 1,500 people lost their lives.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The opium wars got their name from disputes happening over banning opium trade in China from the US.
Wikipedia page: Opium Wars (History)
Evidence:
section_header: First Opium War
text: The Chinese Jiaqing Emperor issued edicts making opium illegal in 1729, 1799, 1814, and 1831, but imports grew as smugglers found it handsomely profitable and shared their wealth with local officials. .
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Brahms's father, Johann Jakob Brahms, spent much of his time teaching music in Vienna to feed his family.
Wikipedia page: Johannes Brahms (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Life | Early years (1833–1850)
text: As Johann Jakob prospered, the family moved over the years to ever better accommodation in Hamburg.
section_header: Life | Early years (1833–1850)
text: Johann Jakob gave his son his first musical training; Johannes also learnt to play the violin and the basics of playing the cello.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Svante Arrhenius learned how to write on his own at only two years old.
Wikipedia page: Svante Arrhenius (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Biography | Early years
text: At the age of three, Arrhenius taught himself to read without the encouragement of his parents, and by watching his father's addition of numbers in his account books, became an arithmetical prodigy.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Caesar denied homosexual tendencies throughout his life, especially in reference to Nicomedes.
Wikipedia page: Julius Caesar (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life and career
text: He went on a mission to Bithynia to secure the assistance of King Nicomedes's fleet, but he spent so long at Nicomedes' court that rumours arose of an affair with the king, which Caesar vehemently denied for the rest of his life.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: This novel is a first-hand recording] of the author's involvement in war.
Wikipedia page: Homage to Catalonia (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Homage to Catalonia is George Orwell's personal account of his experiences and observations fighting for the POUM militia of the Republican army during the Spanish Civil War.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Peter the Great enlarged the Tsardome into a bigger empire by winning wars.
Wikipedia page: Peter the Great (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Through a number of successful wars, he expanded the Tsardom into a much larger empire that became a major European power and also laid the groundwork for the Imperial Russian Navy after capturing ports at Azov and the Baltic Sea.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: In the play The Rivals, Delia and Lydia's chaperone are the same person.
Wikipedia page: The Rivals (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Plot
text: Sir Lucius pays Lucy to carry love notes between him and Lydia (who uses the name "Delia"), but Lucy is swindling him: "Delia" is actually Mrs. Malaprop.
section_header: Characters
text: Thomas, Sir Anthony's servant Lydia Languish, a wealthy teenaged heiress, in love with "Ensign Beverley" Mrs. Malaprop, Lydia's middle-aged guardian Julia Melville, a young relation of the Absolutes, in love with Faulkland
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Niccolo Paganini was a famous Italian musician that had 3 older siblings.
Wikipedia page: Niccolò Paganini (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Biography | Childhood
text: Niccolò Paganini was born in Genoa, then capital of the Republic of Genoa, the third of the six children of Antonio and Teresa (née Bocciardo) Paganini.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Congress of Berlin reshaped eastern Europe.
Wikipedia page: Congress of Berlin (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The Congress of Berlin (13 June – 13 July 1878) was a meeting of the representatives of the era's six great powers in Europe (Russia, Great Britain, France, Austria-Hungary, Italy and Germany), the Ottoman Empire and four Balkan states (Greece, Serbia, Romania and Montenegro).
section_header: Treaty of San Stefano
text: Furthermore, by using as a foundation the Treaties of Paris (1856) and of Washington (1871), the treaty rearranged the East.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Walter Alston was given a nickname for his calm nature.
Wikipedia page: Walter Alston (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Managerial career | Major leagues | Brooklyn Dodgers
text: Alston was an unknown at the major league level and the New York Daily News reported his hiring with the headline "Walter Who?"Becoming immediately known for his quiet nature, Alston was sometimes referred to as "The Quiet Man".
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: During its time in the theater, Chicago (2002 film), was the largest earning movie.
Wikipedia page: Chicago (2002 film) (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Release | Box office
text: Worldwide, Chicago was the highest grossing live action musical with $306 million, a record that was then broken by Mamma Mia!.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Maine has a low rate of French descant.
Wikipedia page: Maine (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Demographics | Population
text: Maine has the highest percentage of French Americans of any state.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: John Brown's family provided a hiding place for people who was a part of the Underground Railroad in Connecticut.
Wikipedia page: John Brown (abolitionist) (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: Hudson was a center of anti-slavery activity and debate, and Owen participated fully, offering a safe house to Underground Railroad fugitives.
section_header: Early life
text: In 1805, the family moved to Hudson, Ohio, where Owen Brown opened a tannery; there is a historical marker at the site of their house.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Cash was in the Air Force for 4 years.
Wikipedia page: Johnny Cash (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Born in Arkansas to poor cotton farmers, Cash rose to fame in the prominent country music scene in Memphis, Tennessee, after four years in the United States Air Force.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The city-state in ancient Greece, Sparta, was also known as Lacedaemon.
Wikipedia page: Sparta (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: In antiquity, the city-state was known as Lacedaemon (Λακεδαίμων, Lakedaímōn), while the name Sparta referred to its main settlement on the banks of the Eurotas River in Laconia, in south-eastern Peloponnese.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Pub Galvin didn't ever imbibe primate hormones to play better.
Wikipedia page: Pud Galvin (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Legacy
text: " The Washington Post reported that Galvin used the Brown-Séquard elixir, which contained monkey testosterone, before a single game in 1889.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Fidel Castro's cause of demise was not released to the public.
Wikipedia page: Fidel Castro (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Final years | Death
text: The cause of death was not disclosed.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Christiane (Janni) Nüsslein-Volhard has diplomas from more places of higher learning that she didn't even attend than can be counted on one's fingers.
Wikipedia page: Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Awards and honors | Honorary degrees
text: Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard has been awarded honorary degrees by the following Universities: Yale, Harvard, Princeton, Rockefeller, Utrecht, University College London, Oxford (June 2005), Sheffield, St Andrews (June 2011), Freiburg, Munich and Bath (July 2012).
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Robert De Niro has three children by two different surrogate mothers.
Wikipedia page: Robert De Niro (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Personal life
text: In December 2011, their daughter was born via surrogate.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Favourite is a black comedy movie set in an early 18th century UK country.
Wikipedia page: The Favourite (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The Favourite is a 2018 period black comedy film directed by Yorgos Lanthimos, and written by Deborah Davis and Tony McNamara.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The 2004 film Million Dollar Baby stars Hilary Swank as a stripper turned amateur boxer.
Wikipedia page: Million Dollar Baby (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Plot
text: Margaret "Maggie" Fitzgerald (Hilary Swank), a waitress from a Missouri town in the Ozarks, shows up in the Hit Pit, a run-down Los Angeles gym owned and operated by Frankie Dunn (Clint Eastwood), an old Irish-American, cantankerous boxing trainer.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Tokugaqa Ieyasu was the eldest of the regents during Hideyori's reign after the death of Hideyoshi in 1598.
Wikipedia page: Tokugawa Ieyasu (NOCAT)
Evidence:
section_header: The Sekigahara Campaign (1598–1603)
text: Happily for Ieyasu, the oldest and most respected of the regents, Toshiie Maeda, died after just one year.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: This story has a classic 3 act structure.
Wikipedia page: Great Expectations (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Structure | Chronology
text: Pip's story is told in three stages: his childhood and early youth in Kent, where he dreams of rising above his humble station; his time in London after receiving "great expectations"; and then finally his disillusionment on discovering the source of his fortune, followed by his slow realisation of the vanity of his false values.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Early in his career, Biggio switched from baseman to catcher.
Wikipedia page: Craig Biggio (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Major league career | Early career: Conversion from catcher to second base | As catcher
text: In 1989, his first full season, Biggio became the Astros' starting catcher.
section_header: Major league career | Early career: Conversion from catcher to second base | As catcher
text: Biggio was called up as a catcher midway through the 1988 season, having batted .344 in his minor league career.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Baseball player Rogers Hornsby was married three times and suffered from alcoholism.
Wikipedia page: Rogers Hornsby (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: He never smoked, drank, or went to the movies, but frequently gambled on horse races during his career.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Contrary to popular belief, Cornielius Vanderbilt never held a job in the transportation business, he only bought stock in it.
Wikipedia page: Cornelius Vanderbilt (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: After working with his father's business, Vanderbilt worked his way into leadership positions in the inland water trade and invested in the rapidly growing railroad industry.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Jessica Lange is the 12th actress to achieve the Triple Crown of Acting and was born in Cloquet, Minnesota.
Wikipedia page: Jessica Lange (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: She is the thirteenth actress in history to achieve the Triple Crown of Acting, having won two Academy Awards, three Primetime Emmy Awards, one Tony Award, one Screen Actors Guild Award, and five Golden Globe Awards.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Tokyo is a very active seismic region.
Wikipedia page: Tokyo (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Geography and government | Seismicity | Common seismicity
text: Tokyo is near the boundary of three plates, making it an extremely active region for smaller quakes and slippage which frequently affect the urban area with swaying as if in a boat, although epicenters within mainland Tokyo (excluding Tokyo's 2,000 km (1,243 mi)–long island jurisdiction) are quite rare.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Heath Ledger was able to finish his last movie before he passed away.
Wikipedia page: Heath Ledger (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Legacy | Posthumous films and awards
text: Although Gilliam temporarily suspended production on the latter film, he expressed determination to "salvage" it, perhaps using computer-generated imagery (CGI), and dedicated it to Ledger.
section_header: Career | 2000s
text: At the time of his death on 22 January 2008, Ledger had completed about half of the work for his final film performance as Tony in Terry Gilliam's The Imaginarium of Doctor Parnassus.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Manush served as a minor league player manager from 1938.
Wikipedia page: Heinie Manush (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Professional baseball | Minor league player and manager
text: Manush spent the next five years as a player-manager in the Piedmont League for the Rocky Mount Red Sox in 1940, the Greensboro Red Sox in 1941 and 1942, the Roanoke Red Sox in 1943.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Dian Fossey was murdered.
Wikipedia page: Dian Fossey (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: She was brutally murdered in her cabin at a remote camp in Rwanda in December 1985.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Sodium is a chemical element with the symbol Nb and atomic number 10.
Wikipedia page: Sodium (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Na (from Latin "natrium") and atomic number 11.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Alice's Adventures in Wonderland is a novel about a little girl who has a white rabbit and fights a queen.
Wikipedia page: Alice's Adventures in Wonderland (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: It tells of a young girl named Alice, who falls through a rabbit hole into a subterranean fantasy world populated by peculiar, anthropomorphic creatures.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Silver Linings Playbook is a film that was based on a book called The Playbook of the Mind and stars Bradley Cooper and Jennifer Lawrence with Robert DeNiro, Jackie Weaver, Chris Tucker and Julia Stiles.
Wikipedia page: Silver Linings Playbook (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The film was based on Matthew Quick’s 2008 novel The Silver Linings Playbook.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Pope Leo I wanted to be laid to rest where St. Peter was laid to rest and eventually he was moved into the same building as him.
Wikipedia page: Pope Leo I (NOCAT)
Evidence:
section_header: Death and burial
text: In 688 his remains were moved inside the basilica itself.
section_header: Death and burial
text: Amen. Leo died on 10 November 461 and, as he wished to be buried as close as possible to the tomb of St Peter, his body was placed in a tomb in the portico of Saint Peter's basilica.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Second Coming of Jesus Christ is said to have not come yet according to all christian religions.
Wikipedia page: The Second Coming (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Specific date predictions and claims
text: Views about the nature of the Second Coming vary among Christian denominations and among individual Christians.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Penn's older brother, Michael, won two Academy awards while Sean won three Academy awards between 1995 and 2008.
Wikipedia page: Sean Penn (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: His older brother is musician Michael Penn.
section_header: Filmography
text: Penn has appeared in more than 50 films and won many awards during his career as an actor and director.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Sergei Rachmaninoff was a Russian composer, pianist, and conductor who family name was given to his ancestor for being hard working.
Wikipedia page: Sergey Rachmaninoff (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Biography | Ancestry and early years, 1873–1885
text: A son named Vasily was nicknamed "Rachmanin", meaning "lazy" in Old Russian.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: A battleground only refers to a Battle on level ground.
Wikipedia page: Battleground (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Although the term implies that battles are typically fought in a field – an open stretch of level ground – it applies to any type of terrain on which a battle is fought.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Battle of Salamis was lost by the Greeks.
Wikipedia page: Battle of Salamis (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Significance
text: Salamis started a decisive swing in the balance of power toward the Greeks, which would culminate in an eventual Greek victory, severely reducing Persian power in the Aegean.
section_header: Summary
text: It resulted in a decisive victory for the outnumbered Greeks.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: A Death in the Family has been published with more than one variation.
Wikipedia page: A Death in the Family (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: New version
text: Lofaro tracked down the author's original manuscripts and notes and has reconstructed a version he says is more authentic.
section_header: New version
text: University of Tennessee professor Michael Lofaro claimed the version published in 1957 was not the version intended for print by the author.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Pierre Trudeau had English roots.
Wikipedia page: Pierre Trudeau (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: Pierre Trudeau was born at home at 5779 Durocher Avenue, Outremont, Montreal, Canada, on October 18, 1919, to Charles-Émile "Charley" Trudeau (1887–1935), a French-Canadian businessman and lawyer, and Grace Elliott, who was of mixed Scottish and French-Canadian descent.
section_header: Early life
text: The Trudeau family can be traced to Marcillac-Lanville in France in the 16th century and to a Robert Truteau (1544–1589).
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Ingrid Bergman was a Austrian actress.
Wikipedia page: Ingrid Bergman (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Ingrid Bergman (29 August 1915 – 29 August 1982) was a Swedish actress who starred in a variety of European and American films, television movies, and plays.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Beetle's second US tour opened with a record breaking crowd of over 55,000 people in  New York's Shea stadium on Septemeber 12, 1965.
Wikipedia page: The Beatles (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: History | 1963–1966: Beatlemania and touring years | Beatles for Sale, Help! and Rubber Soul
text: The group's third US tour opened with a performance before a world-record crowd of 55,600 at New York's Shea Stadium on 15 August 1965 – "perhaps the most famous of all Beatles' concerts", in Lewisohn's description.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Twelfth Night is a romantic comedy by William Shakespeare about  pretense, wardrobe and the late night before Christmas.
Wikipedia page: Twelfth Night (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Synopsis
text: It asks Malvolio to wear yellow stockings cross-gartered—a colour and fashion that Olivia actually hates—to be rude to the rest of the servants, and to smile constantly in the presence of Olivia.
section_header: Synopsis
text: Sir Toby and Sir Andrew engage themselves in drinking and revelry, thus disturbing the peace of Olivia's household until late into the night, prompting Malvolio to chastise them.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Teutonic Knights continues on as an organization to this day.
Wikipedia page: Teutonic Knights (History)
Evidence:
section_header: History
text: Today it operates primarily with charitable aims in Central Europe.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Neville Chamberlain passed away after catching pneumonia during an outdoor speech.
Wikipedia page: Neville Chamberlain (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Death
text: Chamberlain died of bowel cancer on 9 November 1940 at the age of 71.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Mark Zuckerberg, the founder and CEO of Facebook, cannot tell the difference between red and green.
Wikipedia page: Facebook (Technology)
Evidence:
section_header: Website | Technical aspects
text: The website's primary color is blue as Zuckerberg is red–green colorblind, a realization that occurred after a test undertaken around 2007.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: John Adams has lacked recognition for his works.
Wikipedia page: John Adams (composer) (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: In addition to the Pulitzer, Adams has received the Erasmus Prize, five Grammy Awards, the Harvard Arts Medal, France's Ordre des Arts et des Lettres, and six honorary doctorates.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Ingrid Daubechies invented the technology used to make .GIF image files.
Wikipedia page: Ingrid Daubechies (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: A wavelet from this family of wavelets is now used in the JPEG 2000 standard.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Due to the heavy traffic on the roundabout, it is recommended pedestrians use 1 of 2 underpasses.
Wikipedia page: Arc de Triomphe (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Access
text: Because of heavy traffic on the roundabout of which the Arc is the centre, it is recommended that pedestrians use one of two underpasses located at the Champs Élysées and the Avenue de la Grande Armée.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Egypt's most widely practiced religion was Christianity and then Islam after that.
Wikipedia page: Egypt (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Demographics | Religion
text: Egypt was a Christian country before the 7th century, and after Islam arrived, the country was gradually Islamised into a majority-Muslim country.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Venice is the name of a city in more than one country.
Wikipedia page: Venice (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: International relations | Places named after Venice
text: Venice, Alberta, in Canada Venice, Florida, city in Sarasota County
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Carthage lies on the western side from a large body of water.
Wikipedia page: Carthage (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Carthage was the center or capital city of the ancient Carthaginian civilization, on the eastern side of the Lake of Tunis  in what is now the Tunis Governorate in Tunisia.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Alexander the sixth was born into the Borgia family of present day Spain.
Wikipedia page: Pope Alexander VI (NOCAT)
Evidence:
section_header: Birth and family
text: Rodrigo de Borja was born on 1 January 1431, in the town of Xativa near Valencia, one of the component realms of the Crown of Aragon, in what is now Spain.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Murders in the Rue Morgue is set in London.
Wikipedia page: The Murders in the Rue Morgue (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Plot summary
text: The unnamed narrator of the story opens with a lengthy commentary on the nature and practice of analytical reasoning, then describes the circumstances under which he first met Dupin during an extended visit to Paris.
section_header: Plot summary
text: Madame L'Espanaye and her daughter have been found dead at their home in the Rue Morgue, a fictional street in Paris.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Chief Bender pitched four complete games in one World Series games in his career and threw 200 or more innings at the age of 19.
Wikipedia page: Chief Bender (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: In 1911, Bender tied a record by pitching three complete games in a single World Series.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: This site was identified by Klaus Tepe whom the site is named after.
Wikipedia page: Göbekli Tepe (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Importance
text: This could indicate that this type of architecture and associated activities originated at Göbekli Tepe, and then spread to other sites.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Ode to the West Wind is a poem written by Percy Shelley about the passing of his male child.
Wikipedia page: Ode to the West Wind (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Perhaps more than anything else, Shelley wanted his message of reform and revolution spread, and the wind becomes the trope for spreading the word of change through the poet-prophet figure.
section_header: Summary
text: His other poems written at the same time—"The Masque of Anarchy", Prometheus Unbound, and "England in 1819"—take up these same themes of political change, revolution, and role of the poet.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Anna Karenina was considered the worst work of literature ever and was initially released in serial installments from 1873 to 1877 in the periodical The Russian Messenger.
Wikipedia page: Anna Karenina (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Many writers consider Anna Karenina the greatest work of literature ever and
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Wind in the Willows is a children's story set in Edwardian England
Wikipedia page: The Wind in the Willows (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Background
text: In 1908 Grahame took early retirement from his job at the Bank of England and moved with his wife and son to an old farmhouse in Blewbury, where he used the bedtime stories he had told Alastair as a basis for the manuscript of The Wind in the Willows.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Cornelius Vanderbilt had Dutch roots.
Wikipedia page: Cornelius Vanderbilt (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Ancestry
text: While Vanderbilt could be a rascal, combative and cunning, he was much more a builder than a wrecker [...] being honorable, shrewd, and hard-working." Cornelius Vanderbilt's great-great-great-grandfather, Jan Aertson or Aertszoon ("Aert's son"), was a Dutch farmer from the village of De Bilt in Utrecht, Netherlands, who emigrated to New Amsterdam (later New York) as an indentured servant in 1650.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: In his adolescence, Adolf Hitler spoke with an Austrian accent.
Wikipedia page: Adolf Hitler (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Early years | Childhood and education
text: There he acquired the distinctive lower Bavarian dialect, rather than Austrian German, which marked his speech throughout his life.
section_header: Early years | Childhood and education
text: When Hitler was three, the family moved to Passau, Germany.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: A potential investor in the MetLife Stadium was refused their offer to buy its name for perfectly normal reasons that wouldn't make anybody uncomfortable to talk about.
Wikipedia page: MetLife Stadium (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Technical agreements | Naming rights
text: However, it sparked protests from New York's Jewish community (the largest outside of Israel) and the Anti-Defamation League, which opposed the move due to close ties in the past between Allianz and the government of Nazi Germany during World War II.
section_header: Technical agreements | Naming rights
text: Allianz, a financial services and insurance company based in Munich, Germany, expressed interest in purchasing naming rights to the stadium.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: American baseball executive John Schuerholz was drafted into the army.
Wikipedia page: John Schuerholz (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Personal life
text: Upon leaving his teaching job, he was drafted by the United States Army to serve in the Vietnam War.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The monarchs of Safavid dynasty came from Afghanistan.
Wikipedia page: Safavid dynasty (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The Safavid dynasty had its origin in the Safavid order of Sufism, which was established in the city of Ardabil in the Iranian Azerbaijan region.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Julius Caesar was born into a patrician family.
Wikipedia page: Julius Caesar (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life and career
text: Gaius Julius Caesar was born into a patrician family, the gens Julia, which claimed descent from Julus, son of the legendary Trojan prince Aeneas, supposedly the son of the goddess Venus.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Frozen was translated into more than sixty languages all around the world.
Wikipedia page: Frozen (2013 film) (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Production | Localization
text: After casting all the other roles for all 41 languages, the international cast ended up including more than 900 people, who voiced their roles through approximately 1,300 recording sessions.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Salvador Allende had a comfortable upbringing, financially.
Wikipedia page: Salvador Allende (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: Allende's family belonged to the Chilean upper middle class and had a long tradition of political involvement in progressive and liberal causes.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Pope John Paul II is a proponent of capital punishment.
Wikipedia page: Pope John Paul II (NOCAT)
Evidence:
section_header: Teachings | Capital punishment
text: Pope John Paul II was an outspoken opponent of the death penalty, although previous popes had accepted the practice.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Bob Gibson was a pitcher for the St. Louis Cardinals and was sometimes called "Hoot."
Wikipedia page: Bob Gibson (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Nicknamed "Gibby" and "Hoot" (after actor Hoot Gibson), Gibson tallied 251 wins, 3,117 strikeouts, and a 2.91 earned run average (ERA) during his career.
section_header: Summary
text: Robert Gibson (born November 9, 1935) is an American retired baseball pitcher who played 17 seasons in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the St. Louis Cardinals (1959–1975).
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The city is very popular for tourists for many reasons ranging from festivals to the thriving nightclub scene.
Wikipedia page: Amsterdam (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Culture | Festivals
text: In 2008, there were 140 festivals and events in Amsterdam.
section_header: Culture | Festivals
text: On Koningsdag—that is held each year on 27 April—hundreds of thousands of people travel to Amsterdam to celebrate with the city's residents.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Tina started her recording career under the name "Vela Evans".
Wikipedia page: Tina Turner (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Turner began her recording career as a featured singer with Ike Turner's Kings of Rhythm, under the name "Little Ann" on "Boxtop" (1958).
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: It took several years for the Berlin Wall to fully be torn down but Novemeber 9, 1989 is the nigth that was celebrated for the wall coming down.
Wikipedia page: Berlin Wall (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Fall of the Berlin Wall
text: The evening of 9 November 1989 is known as the night the Wall came down.
section_header: Summary
text: The demolition of the Wall officially began on 13 June 1990 and was completed in November 1991.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: American baseball player Casey Stengel took off his clothes in an argument on the field.
Wikipedia page: Casey Stengel (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Playing career | Pittsburgh and Philadelphia (1918–1921)
text: On June 3, 1918, Stengel was ejected for arguing with the umpire, and was fined by the league office for taking off his shirt on the field.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Zoltán Kodály was a German scholar and played the violin as a child.
Wikipedia page: Zoltán Kodály (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Zoltán Kodály (; Hungarian: Kodály Zoltán, pronounced [ˈkodaːj ˈzoltaːn]; 16 December 1882 – 6 March 1967) was a Hungarian composer, ethnomusicologist, pedagogue, linguist, and philosopher.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Theodore Roosevelt had Dutch roots.
Wikipedia page: Theodore Roosevelt (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life and family
text: His paternal grandfather was of Dutch descent; his other ancestry included primarily Scottish and Scots-Irish, English and smaller amounts of German, Welsh and French.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: In the novel The Old Curiosity Shop, the young granddaughter survives tuberculosis.
Wikipedia page: The Old Curiosity Shop (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Plot | Synopsis
text: Sadly, by the time they arrive, Nell has died as a result of her arduous journey.
section_header: Plot | Synopsis
text: An orphan, she lives with her maternal grandfather (whose name is never revealed) in his shop of odds and ends.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The American online video platform YouTube has hyperlinks in videos.
Wikipedia page: YouTube (Technology)
Evidence:
section_header: Features | Video technology | Annotations
text: From 2008 to 2017, users could add "annotations" to their videos—such as pop-up text messages and hyperlinks.
section_header: Features | Video technology | Annotations
text: Annotations were removed entirely from all videos on January 15, 2019.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: In Les Misérables, Victor Hugo found inspiration for the character of Jean Valjean in a real person.
Wikipedia page: Les Misérables (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Hugo's sources
text: Valjean's character is loosely based on the life of the ex-convict Eugène François Vidocq.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: While in college, Lou Boudreau played on both the football and baseball teams.
Wikipedia page: Lou Boudreau (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: College baseball and basketball
text: Boudreau attended the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, where he was a member of Phi Sigma Kappa fraternity and captain of the basketball and baseball teams.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Jacques Cartier went a single voyage.
Wikipedia page: Jacques Cartier (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Second voyage, 1535–1536
text: Jacques Cartier set sail for a second voyage on May 19 of the following year with three ships, 110 men, and his two Iroquoian captives.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2 is a 2011 fantasy film based on the last K. J. Rowling's 2007 novel about violent, disappointing conclusions.
Wikipedia page: Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2 (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Reception | Critical response
text: Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times gave the film three and a half out of four and said, "The finale conjures up enough awe and solemnity to serve as an appropriate finale and a dramatic contrast to the lighthearted (relative) innocence of Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone all those magical years ago." Mark Kermode from the BBC said that the film is a "pretty solid and ambitious adaptation of a very complex book", but he criticised the post-converted 3D. Christy Lemire of the Associated Press gave the film three and a half out of four and said "While Deathly Hallows: Part 2 offers long-promised answers, it also dares to pose some eternal questions, and it'll stay with you after the final chapter has closed." Richard Roeper, also from the Chicago Sun-Times, gave the film an A+ rating and said: "This is a masterful and worthy final chapter in one of the best franchises ever put to film.
section_header: Summary
text: Part 2 was released in 2D, 3-D and IMAX cinemas worldwide from 13–15 July 2011, and is the only Harry Potter film to be released in 3-D.The film became a commercial success and one of the best reviewed films of 2011, with praise for the acting, Yates's direction, musical score, visual effects, cinematography, action sequences, and the satisfying conclusion of the saga.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Joe Tinker got married 3 times.
Wikipedia page: Joe Tinker (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Later life
text: He married his third wife, Susanna Margaret Chabot, in 1942.Tinker ended his involvement in professional baseball, focusing instead on his real estate ventures during the Florida land boom of the 1920s.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Patton was killed in world war II combat.
Wikipedia page: Patton (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Severely injured in an auto accident, he died in Germany twelve days later, on December 21, 1945.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Rangers F.C. was started by two sets of brothers who played together.
Wikipedia page: Rangers F.C. (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: History | Formation, early years and William Wilton
text: Rangers were formed by four founders – brothers Moses McNeil and Peter McNeil, Peter Campbell and William McBeath – who met at West End Park (now known as Kelvingrove Park) in March 1872.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Police is not a jazz band from the 70s.
Wikipedia page: The Police (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The Police were an English rock band formed in London in 1977.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Caine Mutiny is the 1951 Pulitzer Prize-winning novel by Herman Wouk about a twisting breach of regulations on the  U.S.S. Caine during WW II and the court-martial that followed.
Wikipedia page: The Caine Mutiny (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Plot summary
text: In a breach of regulations, Queeg smuggles the liquor off the ship, and when it is lost, blackmails Willie into paying for it.
section_header: The court martial
text: Maryk is tried by court-martial for "conduct to the prejudice of good order and discipline" instead of "making a mutiny".
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: John Alexander Macdonald was the longest serving Canadian prime minister.
Wikipedia page: John A. Macdonald (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Legacy
text: Macdonald served just under 19 years as Prime Minister, a length of service only surpassed by William Lyon Mackenzie King.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Pope Alexander VI was a self made Pope who made a name for himself as he rose up in the church.
Wikipedia page: Pope Alexander VI (NOCAT)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: He was ordained deacon and made a cardinal in 1456 after the election of his uncle as Pope Callistus III, and a year later he became vice-chancellor of the Catholic Church.
section_header: Familial aggrandizement
text: This is, at least partially, why both Pope Callixtus III and Pope Alexander VI gave powers to family members whom they could trust.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Erie Canal is in New York City.
Wikipedia page: Erie Canal (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The Erie Canal is a canal in New York, United States that is part of the east–west, cross-state route of the New York State Canal System (formerly known as the New York State Barge Canal).
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Margaret Chan's name before marriage, Fung Fu-chun, is from Hong Kong where she was raised during the SARS outbreak.
Wikipedia page: Margaret Chan (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: This is a Hong Kong name; Fung is the maiden name and Chan is the married name.
section_header: Early life and education
text: Chan was born and raised in Hong Kong, although her ancestors came from Shunde, Guangdong.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Béla Bartók was a Hungarian composer who started playing piano at a young age.
Wikipedia page: Béla Bartók (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Béla Viktor János Bartók (; Hungarian: Bartók Béla, pronounced [ˈbɒrtoːk ˈbeːlɒ]; 25 March 1881 – 26 September 1945) was a Hungarian composer, pianist, and ethnomusicologist.
section_header: Biography | Childhood and early years (1881–98)
text: By the age of four he was able to play 40 pieces on the piano and his mother began formally teaching him the next year.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Ozzie Smith had some money problems which caused him to sell all but one of his Gold Gloves in 2013 for over $600,00.
Wikipedia page: Ozzie Smith (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Personal life
text: In 2012, Smith made news headlines again, when he sold all of his Gold Gloves at auction together for more than $500,000.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Aguinaldo gave his house to the government.
Wikipedia page: Emilio Aguinaldo (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Post-presidency | Death and legacy
text: A year before his death, he donated his lot and mansion to the government.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Modest Mussorgsky was a Russian writer that wrote Boris Godunov.
Wikipedia page: Modest Mussorgsky (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: O.S. 16 March] 1881) was a Russian composer, one of the group known as "The Five".
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Chan was the head of the World Health Organization for 10 years.
Wikipedia page: Margaret Chan (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Career | Director-General of WHO, 2006–2017
text: Chan served two terms of five years apiece as Director-General of the WHO.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Philadelphia was the originator of many things like the Marines and was used by other people before the Quaker leader founded it in the late 1600s.
Wikipedia page: Philadelphia (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Philadelphia is the birthplace of the United States Marine Corps, and is also the home of many U.S. firsts, including the first library (1731), hospital (1751), medical school (1765), national capital (1774), stock exchange (1790), zoo (1874), and business school (1881).
section_header: Demographics | Religion
text: Jewish traders were operating in southeastern Pennsylvania long before William Penn.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Today, England is made up of fifty cities.
Wikipedia page: England (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Geography | Major conurbations
text: While many cities in England are quite large, such as Birmingham, Sheffield, Manchester, Liverpool, Leeds, Newcastle, Bradford, Nottingham, population size is not a prerequisite for city status.
section_header: Geography | Major conurbations
text: There are 50 settlements which have been designated city status in England, while the wider United Kingdom has 66.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Jallianwala Bagh massacre occurred after an order was put out to ban public meetings was issued but not publicized.
Wikipedia page: Jallianwala Bagh massacre (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: On Sunday, 13 April 1919, Dyer, convinced a major insurrection could take place, banned all meetings.
section_header: Summary
text: This notice was not widely disseminated, and many villagers gathered in the Bagh to celebrate the important Indian festival of Baisakhi, and peacefully protest the arrest and deportation of two national leaders, Satyapal and Saifuddin Kitchlew.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: ABBA was christened with the same title as a preserved sea meat corporation.
Wikipedia page: ABBA (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: History | 1970–1973: Forming the group | Official naming
text: At first, this was a play on words, as Abba is also the name of a well-known fish-canning company in Sweden, and itself an abbreviation.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Many families that existed during the Ming Dynasty would not report the total amount of females that were present in the family.
Wikipedia page: Ming Dynasty (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Population
text: The historian Timothy Brook notes that the Ming government census figures are dubious since fiscal obligations prompted many families to underreport the number of people in their households and many county officials to underreport the number of households in their jurisdiction.
section_header: Population
text: Children were often underreported, especially female children, as shown by skewed population statistics throughout the Ming.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Pat Gillick was a member of the Baltimore Orioles.
Wikipedia page: Pat Gillick (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: He previously served as the general manager of four MLB teams: the Toronto Blue Jays (1978–1994), Baltimore Orioles (1996–1998), Seattle Mariners (2000–2003), and Philadelphia Phillies (2006–2008).
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The poem, Paradise Lost was written by a British author.
Wikipedia page: Paradise Lost (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Paradise Lost is an epic poem in blank verse by the 17th-century English poet John Milton (1608–1674).
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Robert Frost wrote the poem "Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening" when he woke up to a snow covered view at his Vermont home.
Wikipedia page: Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening (NOCAT)
Evidence:
section_header: Overview
text: Frost wrote the poem in June 1922 at his house in Shaftsbury, Vermont.
Verdict: REFUTES