tasksource/fool-me-twice huggingface dataset:
Claim: At the time of his death he was a director at St Albans School.
Wikipedia page: Stephen Hawking (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Stephen William Hawking  (8 January 1942 – 14 March 2018) was an English theoretical physicist, cosmologist, and author who was director of research at the Centre for Theoretical Cosmology at the University of Cambridge at the time of his death.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Ed Delahanty was a catcher.
Wikipedia page: Ed Delahanty (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Major league career | Early career
text: Ferguson was a pitcher who had converted to second base for his final season, but he died early in 1888 from typhoid fever.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Alec Guiness's male parent identity was unknown.
Wikipedia page: Alec Guinness (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: On Guinness's birth certificate, his mother's name is given as Agnes de Cuffe; the infant's name (where first names only are placed) is given as Alec Guinness, and there are no details for the father.
section_header: Early life
text: The identity of Guinness's father has never been officially confirmed.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Laurence Olivier's father performed in the theater which is how Laurence was able to get his first role.
Wikipedia page: Laurence Olivier (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: His family had no theatrical connections, but Olivier's father, a clergyman, decided that his son should become an actor.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Justin Bieber does not have any brother or sister.
Wikipedia page: Justin Bieber (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: He is the only child of Jeremy Jack Bieber and Pattie Mallette, who were never married.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Barney Dreyfuss was a professional player that enjoyed the ball game, and is still renowned for his abilities as a shortstop.
Wikipedia page: Barney Dreyfuss (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Bernhard "Barney" Dreyfuss (February 23, 1865 – February 5, 1932) was an executive in Major League Baseball who owned the Pittsburgh Pirates franchise from 1900 to his death.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Boone is known for exploring and discovering Virginia.
Wikipedia page: Daniel Boone (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Although he also became a businessman, soldier and politician who represented three different counties in the Virginia General Assembly following the American Revolutionary War, Boone is most famous for his exploration and settlement of what is now Kentucky.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla lead a group of freedom fighters, but never let them murder between four and six hundred innocent lads, ladies, and kids.
Wikipedia page: Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Hidalgo's army – from Celaya to Monte de las Cruces
text: On 28 September 1810, Hidalgo arrived at the city of Guanajuato with rebels, who were, for the most part, armed with sticks, stones, and machetes.
section_header: Hidalgo's army – from Celaya to Monte de las Cruces
text: The insurgents overwhelmed the defenses after two days and killed everyone inside, an estimated 400 – 600 men, women and children.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Bastille was used as a prison at times.
Wikipedia page: Bastille (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: It played an important role in the internal conflicts of France and for most of its history was used as a state prison by the kings of France.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Demi Lovato contributed vocals with other famous musicians on a tune that resulted in funds being contributed to help the environment.
Wikipedia page: Demi Lovato (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Life and career | 2009–2010: Sonny with a Chance and Here We Go Again
text: Lovato was featured alongside Jonas Brothers, Miley Cyrus and Selena Gomez on the song "Send It On", a charity single and the theme song for Disney's Friends for Change.
section_header: Life and career | 2009–2010: Sonny with a Chance and Here We Go Again
text: All proceeds from the song were donated to environmental charities supported by the Disney Worldwide Conservation Fund.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Petronas Towers have the tallest second story skybridge.
Wikipedia page: Petronas Towers (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Features | Skybridge
text: The towers feature a double decker skybridge connecting the two towers on the 41st and 42nd floors, which is the highest 2-story bridge in the world.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Lolita is a book that has a controversial subject.
Wikipedia page: Lolita (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The novel is notable for its controversial subject: the protagonist and unreliable narrator, a middle-aged literature professor under the pseudonym Humbert Humbert, is obsessed with a 12-year-old girl, Dolores Haze, with whom he becomes sexually involved after he becomes her stepfather. " Lolita" is his private nickname for Dolores.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Fred Clarke was a baseball player and manager for the Pittsburgh Pirates.
Wikipedia page: Fred Clarke (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: A Hall of Famer, Clarke played for and managed both the Louisville Colonels and Pittsburgh Pirates.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: A magnetic field is a vector field and a charge that intersects to a current of other charges.
Wikipedia page: Magnetic field (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: A charge that is moving parallel to a current of other charges experiences a force perpendicular to its own velocity.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Trojan Women was a play that was made because the real soldiers of Athens weren't very nice people.
Wikipedia page: The Trojan Women (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Produced in 415 BC during the Peloponnesian War, it is often considered a commentary on the capture of the Aegean island of Melos and the subsequent slaughter and subjugation of its populace by the Athenians earlier that year (see History of Milos).
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge takes places during the American Civil War.
Wikipedia page: An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The story, which is set during the American Civil War, is known for its irregular time sequence and twist ending.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: In Wharton's House of Mirth, Lily does not comply with the social conventions of the day.
Wikipedia page: The House of Mirth (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Plot
text: Threats to Lily's reputation exist because of her tendency to push the limits of polite and acceptable behavior.
section_header: Plot
text: As she makes an effort to explain away the social chances she takes, she becomes easy prey for her enemies to misrepresent her intention and behavior.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The heroine of Zora Neal Hurston's Their Eyes Were Watching God wants to be in a relationship that is about love, not a marriage of convenience.
Wikipedia page: Their Eyes Were Watching God (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Plot synopsis
text: While their relationship is volatile and sometimes violent, Janie finally has the marriage with love that she wanted.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The inspiration for the character, Charlotte, in Charlotte's Web was born after the author encountered a spider in real life.
Wikipedia page: Charlotte's Web (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: History
text: A book is a sneeze". When White met the spider who originally inspired Charlotte, he called her Charlotte Epeira (after Epeira sclopetaria, the Grey Cross spider, now known as Larinioides sclopetarius), before discovering that the more modern name for that genus was Aranea.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: A great part of the original canal was destroyed, and the new canal is very different.
Wikipedia page: Erie Canal (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Ambiguity in name
text: More than half of the original Erie Canal was destroyed or abandoned at the time of construction of the New York State Barge Canal in the early 20th century.
section_header: Ambiguity in name
text: The waterway today referred to as the Erie Canal is quite different from the nineteenth-century Erie Canal.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Vaughan began his retirement in Miami where he purchased a large house.
Wikipedia page: Arky Vaughan (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Personal life
text: After leaving the Seals, Vaughan bought a ranch in Eagleville, California, where he retired to fish, hunt and tend cattle.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Aptitude for arts and sports was nurtured in Garth Brooks' family growing up.
Wikipedia page: Garth Brooks (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life and education
text: As a child, Brooks often sang in casual family settings, but his primary focus was athletics.
section_header: Early life and education
text: At their home in Yukon, Oklahoma, the family hosted weekly talent nights.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: My Antonia talks about the life of a boy in Connecticut.
Wikipedia page: My Antonia (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: and The Song of the Lark. The novel tells the stories of an orphaned boy from Virginia, Jim Burden, and the elder daughter in a family of Bohemian immigrants, Ántonia Shimerda, who are each brought as children to be pioneers in Nebraska towards the end of the 19th century.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Marilyn Monroe died of her own accord.
Wikipedia page: Marilyn Monroe (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Death
text: Monroe died between 8:30 p.m. and 10:30 p.m. on August 4, and the toxicology report showed that the cause of death was acute barbiturate poisoning.
section_header: Death
text: Due to these facts and the lack of any indication of foul play, deputy coroner Thomas Noguchi classified her death as a probable suicide.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: In George Eliot's novel Adam Bede, Adam's dad is a drunk.
Wikipedia page: Adam Bede (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Characters
text: He has become an alcoholic, and drowns in Chapter IV while returning from a tavern.
section_header: Characters
text: She is "an anxious, spare, yet vigorous old woman, clean as a snowdrop." Thias (Matthias) Bede is Adam's and Seth's father.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: King Arthur was an acclaimed French leader.
Wikipedia page: King Arthur (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: King Arthur (Welsh: Brenin Arthur, Cornish: Arthur Gernow, Breton: Roue Arzhur) was a legendary British leader who, according to medieval histories and romances, led the defence of Britain against Saxon invaders in the late 5th and early 6th centuries.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The religious deathmark placed on the author has since been revoked after what modern practitioners of Islam call, "A big misunderstanding."
Wikipedia page: The Satanic Verses (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Controversy | Fatwa
text: Despite a conciliatory statement by Iran in 1998, and Rushdie's declaration that he would stop living in hiding, the Iranian state news agency reported in 2006 that the fatwa would remain in place permanently since fatwas can only be rescinded by the person who first issued them, and Khomeini had since died.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The American baseball player Henry Emmett Manush was born in Alabama and his father was born in Germany.
Wikipedia page: Heinie Manush (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Early years
text: His father, George Manush, immigrated to the United States from Germany in 1878 and worked as a cabinet maker and carpenter for a railroad company.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: You can play video games through Netflix.
Wikipedia page: Netflix (Technology)
Evidence:
section_header: Content | Video games
text: In June 2018, Netflix announced a partnership with Telltale Games to port its adventure games to the service in a streaming video format.
section_header: Content | Video games
text: In September 2018, Telltale underwent a "majority studio closure" and laid off nearly its entire staff beyond a skeleton crew of 25 employees, citing a loss of funding.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Sense and Sensibility is a Jane Austen book about the youngest two Dashwood sisters as they become women.
Wikipedia page: Sense and Sensibility (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: They have an older half-brother, John, and a younger sister, Margaret, 13.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: It was a Broadway hit in '57 and spent many weeks on the Billboard charts.
Wikipedia page: The Music Man (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: In 1957, the show became a hit on Broadway, winning five Tony Awards, including Best Musical, and running for 1,375 performances.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The film The Hunchback of Notre Dame has a popular continuance and is available in a variety of forms.
Wikipedia page: The Hunchback of Notre Dame (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Drama adaptations | Television
text: The Hunchback of Notre Dame, a 1966 miniseries
section_header: Drama adaptations | Films
text: The Secret of the Hunchback, an animated film
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Its initial business model included DVD sales and rental by mail.
Wikipedia page: Netflix (Technology)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Netflix's initial business model included DVD sales and rental by mail, but Hastings abandoned the sales about a year after the company's founding to focus on the initial DVD rental business.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Daisy Miller is a novel by Henry James that first appeared in Cornhill Magazine in June–July 1878, and in book form the following year and was an considered a failure.
Wikipedia page: Daisy Miller (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Critical evaluation
text: Daisy Miller was an immediate and widespread popular success for James, despite some criticism that the story was "an outrage on American girlhood".
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: There was an extremely lengthy version of The Last Emperor that clocked in too large to put on TV, so they re-cut an even lengthier version, as to more easily split it and put it on for more than one day's broadcast.
Wikipedia page: The Last Emperor (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Alternate versions
text: They made script notes and made references to change some of the names, then the stamp went on and the door opened and we came." The film's theatrical release ran 160 minutes.
section_header: Alternate versions
text: Deemed too long to show in a single three-hour block on television but too short to spread out over two nights, an extended version was created which runs 218 minutes.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Less that one thousand Americans lost their life during the War of 1812.
Wikipedia page: War of 1812 (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Losses and compensation
text: American losses were 2,260 killed in action and 4,505 wounded.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Ray Bandridge was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame and Virginia's Sports Hall of Fame before he passed away.
Wikipedia page: Ray Dandridge (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: In 1999, Dandridge was inducted into the Virginia Sports Hall of Fame and, late in his life, Dandridge was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1987.
section_header: Summary
text: Raymond Emmitt Dandridge (August 31, 1913 – February 12, 1994), nicknamed "Hooks" and "Squat", was an American third baseman in baseball's Negro leagues.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Kenesaw Landis finished his first term as baseball commissioner before he passed away.
Wikipedia page: Kenesaw Landis (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Baseball Commissioner (1920–1944) | World War II, death, and legacy
text: His contract was due to expire in January 1946; on November 17, 1944, baseball's owners voted him another seven-year term.
section_header: Baseball Commissioner (1920–1944) | World War II, death, and legacy
text: However, on November 25, he died surrounded by family, five days after his 78th birthday.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Before Darth Vader, there was Anakin, who despised him.
Wikipedia page: Darth Vader (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Appearances | Television series | Rebels (2014–2018)
text: When they meet, Ahsoka is overwhelmed when she recognizes Anakin under "a layer of hate" in Darth Vader.
section_header: Appearances | Video games
text: Darth Vader and Anakin Skywalker have appeared in a number of Star Wars since the earliest days of the franchise, though rarely as a playable character.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Queen Victoria's grandfather was named George.
Wikipedia page: Queen Victoria (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Later years | Diamond Jubilee
text: On 23 September 1896, Victoria surpassed her grandfather George III as the longest-reigning monarch in British history.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: American football team The New England Patriots has twelve planes.
Wikipedia page: New England Patriots (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Facilities | Aircraft
text: In 2017 the Patriots purchased two Boeing 767-300ERs for use as team planes, with one serving as the backup, which were ready in time for the 2017 NFL season.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Hartford Convention was the first Women's Right for Suffrage event.
Wikipedia page: Hartford Convention (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The Hartford Convention was a series of meetings from December 15, 1814 to January 5, 1815, in Hartford, Connecticut, United States, in which the New England Federalist Party met to discuss their grievances concerning the ongoing War of 1812 and the political problems arising from the federal government's increasing power.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: George Howard Brett  is an American former professional baseball player who owns many sports teams with a brother.
Wikipedia page: George Brett (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Post-baseball activities | Team ownership
text: He and his brother Bobby also co-own the Rancho Cucamonga Quakes, a Los Angeles Dodgers Single-A partner, and lead ownership groups that control the Spokane Chiefs of the Western Hockey League, the West Coast League's Bellingham Bells, and the High Desert Mavericks of the California League.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Sense and Sensibility is a story about 4 brothers.
Wikipedia page: Sense and Sensibility (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: It tells the story of the Dashwood sisters, Elinor (age 19) and Marianne (age 16 1/2) as they come of age.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Girls' Generation is an all-girl Korean music group known for promoting strong, female figures for young women.
Wikipedia page: Girls' Generation (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Artistry | Lyrics and themes
text: Fem criticized the "generic" themes of Korean girl groups like Wonder Girls or Girls' Generation as "sexist": " [They] infantilize themselves to emasculate males by pandering childlike, puritanical innocence [...]
section_header: Artistry | Lyrics and themes
text: " Girls' Generation's songs have been criticized by Western media outlets for not portraying female empowerment but promoting the opposite.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: William Henry Harrison was almost 70 when he became president.
Wikipedia page: William Henry Harrison (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: At 68 years, 23 days of age at the time of his inauguration, Harrison was the oldest person to assume the U.S. presidency, a distinction he held until 1981, when Ronald Reagan was inaugurated at age 69 years, 349 days.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: New York Yankee, Whitey Ford, pitched his entire MLB career with the Yankees, through with his left, and had a knack for not letting the opposing players steal a base.
Wikipedia page: Whitey Ford (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Biography | Pitching career
text: As a left-hander with an excellent pick-off move, Ford was also deft at keeping runners at their base: He set a record in 1961 by pitching 243 consecutive innings without allowing a stolen base.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Atlantic Charter was a statement only made by the US.
Wikipedia page: Atlantic Charter (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The joint statement, later dubbed the Atlantic Charter, outlined the aims of United States and the United Kingdom for the postwar world as follows: no territorial aggrandizement, no territorial changes made against the wishes of the people (self-determination), restoration of self-government to those deprived of it, reduction of trade restrictions, global cooperation to secure better economic and social conditions for all, freedom from fear and want, freedom of the seas, and abandonment of the use of force, and disarmament of aggressor nations.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The film The Social Network starts with Zuck using AOL Instant Messenger.
Wikipedia page: The Social Network (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Plot
text: Returning to his dorm, Zuckerberg writes an insulting entry about Albright on his LiveJournal blog.
section_header: Plot
text: In October 2003, 19-year-old Harvard University student Mark Zuckerberg is dumped by his girlfriend Erica Albright.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Quakers are a Christian sect with almost half its membership in South America.
Wikipedia page: Quakers (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: In 2017, there were 377,557 adult Quakers, 49 per cent of them being in Africa.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Jud Wilson did go to fight during WWII.
Wikipedia page: Jud Wilson (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: D.C. He served in World War I.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Euler was famous for his number theory that proved 2 +2 doesn't always equal 4 called fundamental perspective.
Wikipedia page: Leonhard Euler (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Contributions to mathematics and physics | Number theory
text: The concept is regarded as a fundamental theorem of number theory, and his ideas paved the way for the work of Carl Friedrich Gauss.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Porifera have then cells.
Wikipedia page: Porifera (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Distinguishing features
text: Sponges constitute the phylum Porifera, and have been defined as sessile metazoans (multicelled immobile animals) that have water intake and outlet openings connected by chambers lined with choanocytes, cells with whip-like flagella.
section_header: Summary
text: They are multicellular organisms that have bodies full of pores and channels allowing water to circulate through them, consisting of jelly-like mesohyl sandwiched between two thin layers of cells.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Superconductivity is about a material's ability to absorb heat energy and store it efficiently.
Wikipedia page: Superconductivity (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Superconductivity is the set of physical properties observed in certain materials where electrical resistance vanishes and magnetic flux fields are expelled from the material.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Kramer vs. Kramer is a movie starring Dustin Hoffman, who abused co-star Meryl Streep during filming.
Wikipedia page: Kramer vs. Kramer (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Controversy
text: Hoffman has been widely reported in different media to have harassed Streep during the making of the movie, and the two had a contentious working relationship as a result.
section_header: Controversy
text: In a 1979 Time magazine interview, Streep claimed that Hoffman groped her breast on their first meeting.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Alexander's many victories against Napoleon galvanized his previous resolve to conquer Europe.
Wikipedia page: Alexander I of Russia (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Emperor | War of the Sixth Coalition
text: Although the French were victorious in the initial battles during the campaign in Germany, they were eventually defeated at the Battle of Leipzig in the autumn of 1813, which proved to be a decisive victory.
section_header: Emperor | Napoleonic Wars | 1807 loss to French forces
text: The interests of Europe as a whole were utterly forgotten.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Ewing was a MLB player and manager.
Wikipedia page: Buck Ewing (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: William "Buck" Ewing (October 17, 1859 – October 20, 1906) was an American Major League Baseball player and manager.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Amundsen was a French explorer.
Wikipedia page: Roald Amundsen (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Roald Engelbregt Gravning Amundsen (UK: , US: ; 16 July 1872 – c. 18 June 1928) was a Norwegian explorer of polar regions and a key figure of the Heroic Age of Antarctic Exploration.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The filming of Reds only took seven months.
Wikipedia page: Reds (film) (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Production | Filming
text: When principal photography began in August 1979 the original intention was for a 15- to 16-week shoot, but it ultimately took one year.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Bill Dickey was playing ball for the Muskogee Athletics when he was signed to the Yankees.
Wikipedia page: Bill Dickey (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: New York Yankees
text: The Yankees purchased Dickey from Jackson for $12,500 ($186,119 in current dollar terms).
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The author of The Magic Mountain was inspired to cross themes of dying and comedy after he visited a family member in a psychiatric hospital.
Wikipedia page: The Magic Mountain (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Major themes | Connection to Death in Venice
text: The atmosphere was to derive from the "mixture of death and amusement" that Mann had encountered whilst visiting his wife in a Swiss sanatorium.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Wells was referred to as "The Devil".
Wikipedia page: Willie Wells (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Willie James Wells (August 10, 1906 – January 22, 1989), nicknamed "The Devil," was an American baseball player.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Wagner was mostly known for his operas.
Wikipedia page: Richard Wagner (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Wilhelm Richard Wagner ( VAHG-nər, German: [ˈʁɪçaʁt ˈvaːɡnɐ] (listen); 22 May 1813 – 13 February 1883) was a German composer, theatre director, polemicist, and conductor who is chiefly known for his operas (
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Tokugawa shogunate was a government in Japan and was succeeded by the Imperial Court.
Wikipedia page: Tokugawa shogunate (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The Tokugawa shogunate (徳川幕府, Tokugawa bakufu), also known, especially in Japanese, as the Edo shogunate (江戸幕府, Edo bakufu), was the feudal military government of Japan during the Edo period from 1600 to 1868.The
section_header: Summary
text: The Tokugawa shogunate declined during the Bakumatsu ("final act of the shogunate") period from 1853 and was overthrown by supporters of the Imperial Court in the Meiji Restoration in 1868.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Goodfellas's style did not inspire other movies.
Wikipedia page: Goodfellas (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Its content and style have been emulated in numerous other films and television series.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Julius Caesar was an Egypian general who has greatly impacted both Egypt and the Roman Empire.
Wikipedia page: Julius Caesar (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Gaius Julius Caesar ( SEE-zər, Latin: [ˈɡaːɪ.ʊs ˈjuːlɪ.ʊs ˈkae̯.sar]; 12 July 100 BC – 15 March 44 BC) was a Roman general and statesman who played a critical role in the events that led to the demise of the Roman Republic and the rise of the Roman Empire.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The current organ is from the 1800s.
Wikipedia page: Notre-Dame de Paris (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Organ
text: The organ was dedicated in 1868.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: One of the main themes of the Prussian novel Eugene Onegin is the main character's instability and poverty.
Wikipedia page: Eugene Onegin (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Major themes
text: His inability to relate to the feelings of others and his entire lack of empathy – the cruelty instilled in him by the "world" – is epitomized in the very first stanza of the first book by his stunningly self-centered thoughts about being with the dying uncle whose estate he is to inherit:  "But God how deadly dull to sample
section_header: Plot
text: In the 1820s, Eugene Onegin is a bored St. Petersburg dandy, whose life consists of balls, concerts, parties, and nothing more.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Furious 7 was filmed in the Middle East.
Wikipedia page: Furious 7 (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Production | Filming
text: Abu Dhabi was also a filming location; the production crew chose it over Dubai, as they would benefit from the Emirate's 30% rebate scheme.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Otto l was known as Otto the Impaler and his son succeeded him.
Wikipedia page: Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Otto I (23 November 912 – 7 May 973), traditionally known as Otto the Great (German: Otto der Große, Italian: Ottone il Grande), was German king from 936 and Holy Roman Emperor from 962 until his death in 973.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Jane Goodall went to Africa because she was interested in learning about African tribes.
Wikipedia page: Jane Goodall (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Africa
text: Goodall had always been passionate about animals and Africa, which brought her to the farm of a friend in the Kenya highlands in 1957.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Salem witch trials actually did not have people being burnt at the stake.
Wikipedia page: Salem witch trials (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Thirty were found guilty, nineteen of whom were executed by hanging (fourteen women and five men).
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Hornsby played for five different teams during his professional career.
Wikipedia page: Rogers Hornsby (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: He played for the St. Louis Cardinals (1915–1926, 1933), New York Giants (1927), Boston Braves (1928), Chicago Cubs (1929–1932), and St. Louis Browns (1933–1937).
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The company Newegg was founded by Fred Chang who is who is no longer the CEO.
Wikipedia page: Newegg (Technology)
Evidence:
section_header: History
text: In 2010, upon the departure of Liu, Chang took up his old role as CEO of the company.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Elvis Presley moved from Mississippi in the 1940's.
Wikipedia page: Elvis Presley (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Life and career | 1935–1953: Early years | Teenage life in Memphis
text: In November 1948, the family moved to Memphis, Tennessee.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Guelphs and Ghibellines were two groups who supported the Pope and the Roman aristocrat.
Wikipedia page: Guelphs and Ghibellines (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The Guelphs and Ghibellines (, also US: ; Italian: guelfi e ghibellini [ˈɡwɛlfi e ɡɡibelˈliːni; -fj e]) were factions supporting the Pope and the Holy Roman Emperor, respectively, in the Italian city-states of central and northern Italy.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: John Clarkson is 11th on the all time win list as a pitcher and only played from 1882 to 1894.
Wikipedia page: John Clarkson (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Career overview
text: Clarkson compiled a career 328-178 record, placing him twelfth on the MLB list of all-time wins.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Curie was the 2nd woman to win a Nobel Prize.
Wikipedia page: Maria Skłodowska-Curie (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: She was the first woman to win a Nobel Prize, the first person and the only woman to win the Nobel Prize twice, and the only person to win the Nobel Prize in two different scientific fields.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Professional baseball player Walter Perry Johnson was not known for his temper.
Wikipedia page: Walter Johnson (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: His gentle nature was legendary, and to this day he is held up as an example of good sportsmanship, while his name has become synonymous with friendly competition.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Stephen Douglas's wife was an abolitionist.
Wikipedia page: Stephen A. Douglas (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Marriage and family
text: The year after their marriage, Martha's father died and bequeathed her a 2,500-acre cotton plantation with 100 slaves on the Pearl River in Lawrence County, Mississippi.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: R. Kelly was accused of abusing children.
Wikipedia page: R. Kelly (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Controversies | Allegations of child pornography and abuse
text: In 1998, Kelly paid Tiffany Hawkins $250,000 after she claimed Kelly had induced her to have group sex with other teenage girls when she was 15 years old.
section_header: Controversies | Surviving R. Kelly
text: In January 2019, Lifetime began airing a six-part documentary series detailing sexual abuse and misconduct allegations against Kelly.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: How Green Was My Valley is a 1939 book about a family of miners during the reign of the Queen.
Wikipedia page: How Green Was My Valley (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: How Green How Green Was My Valley is a 1939 novel by Richard Llewellyn, narrated by Huw Morgan, the main character, about his Welsh family and the mining community in which they live.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Japan was originally entitled based on a bug that emperor Jimmu liked.
Wikipedia page: Emperor Jimmu (NOCAT)
Evidence:
section_header: Legendary narrative | Migration
text: A mosquito then tried to steal Jimmu's royal blood but since Jimmu was a god incarnate Emperor, akitsumikami (現御神), a dragonfly killed the mosquito.
section_header: Legendary narrative | Migration
text: Japan thus received its classical name the Dragonfly Islands, akitsushima (秋津島).
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Zuckerberg grew up in New York.
Wikipedia page: Mark Zuckerberg (Technology)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: He and his three sisters, Randi, Donna, and Arielle, were brought up in Dobbs Ferry, New York, a small Westchester County village about 21 miles north of Midtown Manhattan.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Caesar's body was immediately removed after his death from the Senate floor.
Wikipedia page: Julius Caesar (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Dictatorship and assassination | Assassination
text: Caesar's dead body lay where it fell on the Senate floor for nearly three hours before other officials arrived to remove it.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: A frequency counter's mechanism relies on a timing circuit.
Wikipedia page: Frequency (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Measurement | Frequency counter
text: It uses digital logic to count the number of cycles during a time interval established by a precision quartz time base.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: They play earned the top spot at an event.
Wikipedia page: The Frogs (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: It was performed at the Lenaia, one of the Festivals of Dionysus in Athens, in 405 BC, and received first place.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Jay-Z has produced a stage musical.
Wikipedia page: Jay-Z (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Music career | 2008–2011: The Blueprint 3 and Watch the Throne
text: Along with Jada Pinkett Smith and Will Smith, Jay-Z helped produced the play Fela!, a musical celebrating the work of the late Nigerian star Fela Kuti.
section_header: Music career | 2008–2011: The Blueprint 3 and Watch the Throne
text: Among his success, Jay-Z has ventured into producing Broadway shows.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Jesse Cail Burkett's dad ran a successful shipping business.
Wikipedia page: Jesse Burkett (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: His father was a laborer and painter who worked for the Wheeling and Belmont Bridge Company.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Switzerland loves watching American football, ice hockey,  Schwingen, and Roger Federer; with the headquarters for the international football (FIFA) and ice hockey (IIHF) located in Zurich.
Wikipedia page: Switzerland (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Culture | Sports
text: The most prominently watched sports in Switzerland are football, ice hockey, Alpine skiing, "Schwingen", and tennis.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Japanese company Sony derived it's name from a popular 1950's American lingo word for a young boy.
Wikipedia page: Sony (Technology)
Evidence:
section_header: History | Name
text: The name "Sony" was chosen for the brand as a mix of two words: one was the Latin word "sonus", which is the root of sonic and sound, and the other was "sonny", a common slang term used in 1950s America to call a young boy.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Shanghai does not have a European-style football club.
Wikipedia page: Shanghai (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Sports
text: Shanghai is home to several soccer teams, including two in the Chinese Super League: Shanghai Greenland Shenhua F.C. and Shanghai SIPG F.C..
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: In the play The Way of the World, Mirabell is a lady.
Wikipedia page: The Way of the World (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Characters
text: In order for them to marry and receive Millamant's full dowry, Mirabell must receive the blessing of Millamant's aunt, Lady Wishfort.
section_header: Characters
text: Unfortunately, Lady Wishfort is a very bitter lady who despises Mirabell and wants her own nephew, Sir Wilfull, to wed Millamant.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Jackie Robinson what the first Black player to sign to the MLB and he shares his number with a Yankees player.
Wikipedia page: Jackie Robinson (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Awards and recognition
text: The Yankees' Mariano Rivera, who retired at the end of the 2013 season, was the last player in Major League Baseball to wear jersey number 42 on a regular basis.
section_header: Summary
text: Jack Roosevelt Robinson (January 31, 1919 – October 24, 1972) was an American professional baseball player who became the first African American to play in Major League Baseball (MLB) in the modern era.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Barry Lyndon a movie by Stanley Kubrick and is now viewed as one of his best movies that he has ever been involved in.
Wikipedia page: Barry Lyndon (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Although some critics took issue with the film's slow pace and restrained emotion, its reputation, like that of many of Kubrick's works, has strengthened over time, with many now regarding it as one of his greatest achievements.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Poland is split into sixteen organized subdivisions.
Wikipedia page: Poland (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: It is divided into 16 administrative subdivisions, covering an area of 312,696 square kilometres (120,733 sq mi), and has a largely temperate seasonal climate.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The word can be seen in all the main religions in India.
Wikipedia page: Nirvana (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Origins
text: Nirvāṇa is a term found in the texts of all major Indian religions – Buddhism, Hinduism, Jainism and Sikhism.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: William Hurt debuted in a role as a Mathematician.
Wikipedia page: William Hurt (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Hurt made his film debut in 1980 as a troubled scientist in Ken Russell's science-fiction feature Altered States, for which he received a Golden Globe nomination for New Star of the Year.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: MLB baseball figure John McGraw did not live at home after age 12.
Wikipedia page: John McGraw (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Early years
text: From that day onward, young John was raised by a kindly neighbor, Mary Goddard, under whose care he did quite well.
section_header: Early years
text: He became abusive toward the boy; and later on in 1885 (still only 12 years old), Johnny ran away.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Parthenon had outer and inner columns that were partly battered when the Venetians attacked and killed civilians.
Wikipedia page: Parthenon (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Later history | Destruction
text: As part of the Morean War (1684–1699), the Venetians sent an expedition led by Francesco Morosini to attack Athens and capture the Acropolis.
section_header: Later history | Destruction
text: The columns brought down with them the enormous marble architraves, triglyphs and metopes." About three hundred people were killed in the explosion, which showered marble fragments over nearby Turkish defenders and caused large fires that burned until the following day and consumed many homes.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Hilton Smith was a pitcher who played with Satchel Paige and after playing in the Negro League he was a mechanic.
Wikipedia page: Hilton Smith (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Post-playing career and death
text: After retiring from baseball, Smith worked as a schoolteacher and later as a steel plant foreman.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Anita Borg was lauded by an organized pyramid scheme of female children that are made to participate in capitalism from a young age.
Wikipedia page: Anita Borg (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Career | Awards and recognition
text: Borg received the EFF Pioneer Award from the Electronic Frontier Foundation and was recognized by the Girl Scouts of the USA, as well as listed on Open Computing Magazine's Top 100 Women in Computing.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Hank O'Day was an American football player for the Green Bay Packers.
Wikipedia page: Hank O'Day (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Henry Martin Francis O'Day (July 8, 1859 – July 2, 1935), nicknamed "The Reverend", was an American right-handed pitcher and later an umpire and manager in Major League Baseball.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Little Women was published in the late 1860's.
Wikipedia page: Little Women (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Little Women is a novel by American author Louisa May Alcott (1832–1888) which was originally published in two volumes in 1868 and 1869.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Ted Williams played nineteen years for the Red Sox
Wikipedia page: Ted Williams (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: He played his entire 19-year Major League Baseball (MLB) career, primarily as a left fielder, for the Boston Red Sox from 1939 to 1960; his career was interrupted by military service during World War II and the Korean War.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: When the film was released there was criticism on the movie's focusing on the romance between the eponymous character and his interest as it seemed to take away from the importance of the narrative about the Russian Revolution.
Wikipedia page: Doctor Zhivago (film) (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Critical reception
text: Bosley Crowther of The New York Times felt that the film's focus on the love story between Zhivago and Lara trivialized the events of the Russian Revolution and the resulting Russian Civil War, but was impressed by the film's visuals.
section_header: Critical reception
text: Upon its initial release, Doctor Zhivago was criticized for its romanticization of the revolution.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Jesse Burkett played in Major League Baseball (MLB) from 1890 to 1905 for the New York Giants, Cleveland Spiders, St. Louis Perfectos / Cardinals, St. Louis Browns, and Boston Americans and is regarded as one of the greatest bunters of all time.
Wikipedia page: Jesse Burkett (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: He is also regarded as one of the greatest bunters of all time.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Benjamin Franklin was the ambassador to Germany from the United States and is the only founding father to have signed all four major documents for the country.
Wikipedia page: Benjamin Franklin (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: As the first United States Ambassador to France, he exemplified the emerging American nation.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Indian religions assert Nirvana to be a state of perfect quietude, freedom, highest happiness as well as liberation from or ending samsara.
Wikipedia page: Nirvana (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: All Indian religions assert it to be a state of perfect quietude, freedom, highest happiness as well as the liberation from or ending of samsara, the repeating cycle of birth, life and death.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Jeff Bridges' youngest sibling passed away from SIDS in the late 1940s.
Wikipedia page: Jeff Bridges (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: He has a younger sister Lucinda, and had another brother named Garrett who died of sudden infant death syndrome in 1948.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Elizabeth got positive reviews.
Wikipedia page: Elizabeth (film) (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Reception | Critical response
text: The film was well-received by critics.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Megan Fox starred as a supporting cast member in a hit television show on Fox for three seasons because one of the cast members had a baby.
Wikipedia page: Megan Fox (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Fox also starred as Regan Lucas in the fifth and sixth seasons of the Fox sitcom New Girl (2016–2017).
section_header: Career | 2010–present: Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles and upcoming roles
text: In October 2015, it was confirmed that Fox would be temporarily replacing Zooey Deschanel in the television show New Girl following Deschanel's maternity leave.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Ivanhoe has two Jewish persons.
Wikipedia page: Ivanhoe (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Allusions to real history and geography | Historical accuracy
text: The two Jewish characters, the moneylender Isaac of York and his beautiful daughter Rebecca, feature as main characters; the book was written and published during a period of increasing advancement and awareness for the emancipation of the Jews in England, and their position in society is well documented.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Mark Zuckerberg is an American media magnate, internet entrepreneur, and philanthropist known for co-founding Facebook, Inc., and has been named at #2 in the Forbes' Billionaires 2020 list.
Wikipedia page: Mark Zuckerberg (Technology)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: He has also been named at #7 in the Forbes' Billionaires 2020 list.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Nellie Fox was known for his long, lean physique.
Wikipedia page: Nellie Fox (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Early years
text: Despite his short stature, with the help of his father, he distinguished himself as a baseball player at a young age, even playing with his father on their St. Thomas team.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Gold Bug is a short story where the main character get bite by golden insect.
Wikipedia page: The Gold Bug (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The plot follows William Legrand, who was bitten by a gold-colored bug.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Boone is most known for his exploration and settlement of present day Tennessee.
Wikipedia page: Daniel Boone (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: Daniel Boone was born there, November 2, 1734, the sixth of eleven children.
section_header: Summary
text: Although he also became a businessman, soldier and politician who represented three different counties in the Virginia General Assembly following the American Revolutionary War, Boone is most famous for his exploration and settlement of what is now Kentucky.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Nikita Khrushchev married his second wife in Kiev.
Wikipedia page: Nikita Khrushchev (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Party official | Donbas years
text: The two lived together as husband and wife for the rest of Khrushchev's life, though they never registered their marriage.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Andre Dawson was on five different teams including the Chicago Cubs and the Philadelphia Phillies.
Wikipedia page: Andre Dawson (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: During a 21-year baseball career, he played for four different teams as a center and right fielder, spending most of his career with the Montreal Expos (1976–1986) and Chicago Cubs (1987–1992).
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Roger Bresnahan shunned the new equipment for catchers of a barrier in front of the face as it got in the way of being able to see the pitcher's body language.
Wikipedia page: Roger Bresnahan (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Career | New York Giants (1902–1908)
text: Bresnahan was also the first catcher to wear a padded facemask while catching.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Clara Schumann's father supported her natural musical talent that she most likely got from him.
Wikipedia page: Clara Schumann (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: She was a child prodigy, trained by her father.
Verdict: SUPPORTS