tasksource/fool-me-twice huggingface dataset:
Claim: The Great Pyramid of Giza was built during the 4th ruling family's reign.
Wikipedia page: Great Pyramid of Giza (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: History and description
text: Egyptologists believe the pyramid was built as a tomb for the Fourth Dynasty Egyptian pharaoh Khufu (often Hellenized as "Cheops") and was constructed over a 20-year period.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Jude the Obscure started out in a periodical before being made a book.
Wikipedia page: Jude the Obscure (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Jude the Obscure is a  novel by Thomas Hardy, which began as a magazine serial in December 1894 and was first published in book form in 1895.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Notre-Dame de Paris is a cathedral that sustained a main fire in 2018.
Wikipedia page: Notre-Dame de Paris (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: History | 21st century | 2019 fire
text: On 15 April 2019 the cathedral caught fire, destroying the spire and the "forest" of oak roof beams supporting the lead roof.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Roger Bresnahan created the a variety of protection for the players body and was one of seven kids.
Wikipedia page: Roger Bresnahan (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Career | New York Giants (1902–1908)
text: Bresnahan also developed the first batting helmet.
section_header: Career | New York Giants (1902–1908)
text: On Opening Day in 1907, Bresnahan began to experiment with protective gear.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Hartnett earned his moniker Gabby from his mannerisms early in his career.
Wikipedia page: Gabby Hartnett (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Life and career | Professional career
text: He was given his ironic nickname of "Gabby" as a rookie due to his shy, reticent nature.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Blithedale Romance mostly takes place on a farm.
Wikipedia page: The Blithedale Romance (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Context
text: The Blithedale Romance is a work of fiction based on Hawthorne's recollections of Brook Farm, a short-lived agricultural and educational commune where Hawthorne lived from April to November 1841.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Barcelona is very popular with vagrants, ne'er-do-wells, and others that would be described as undesirable by most cities.
Wikipedia page: Barcelona (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Culture | Squatter's Movement
text: Barcelona is also home to numerous social centres and illegal squats that effectively form a shadow society mainly made up of the unemployed, immigrants, dropouts, anarchists, anti-authoritarians and autonomists.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Rivals is a comedy of manners by Richard Brinsley Sheridan in five acts, and happens to be his first play as well.
Wikipedia page: The Rivals (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: History | Production
text: The Rivals was Sheridan's first play.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: One of the Emporers of the Tang Dynasty had basic A/C installed in his palace, though the idea originated several hundred years before, in the Han Dynasty's time.
Wikipedia page: Tang Dynasty (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Science and technology | Alchemy, gas cylinders, and air conditioning
text: In 747, Emperor Xuanzong had a "Cool Hall" built in the imperial palace, which the Tang Yulin (唐語林) describes as having water-powered fan wheels for air conditioning as well as rising jet streams of water from fountains.
section_header: Science and technology | Alchemy, gas cylinders, and air conditioning
text: The inventor Ding Huan (fl. 180 AD) of the Han dynasty invented a rotary fan for air conditioning, with seven wheels 3 m (10 ft) in diameter and manually powered.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Greer Garson was an actor and she was nominated for many awards.
Wikipedia page: Greer Garson (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: draws from 1942 to 1946.Garson
section_header: Summary
text: received seven Academy Award nominations, including a record-tying five consecutive nominations (1941–45) in the Best Actress category, winning the award for her performance in the title role of the 1942 film Mrs. Miniver.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The group was formed in a bar in Scotland.
Wikipedia page: The Beatles (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The Beatles were an English rock band formed in Liverpool in 1960.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Pope Julius II is often shown in art pieces with a beard even though he only wore it for a year of his time as pope and was the first pope to grow one since long ago.
Wikipedia page: Pope Julius II (NOCAT)
Evidence:
section_header: Legacy | Character | Physical appearance
text: Julius II is usually depicted with a beard, after his appearance in the celebrated portrait by Raphael, the artist whom he first met in 1509.
section_header: Legacy | Character | Physical appearance
text: However, the pope only wore his beard from 27 June 1511 to March 1512, as a sign of mourning at the loss of the city of Bologna by the Papal States.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The War of the Spanish Succession is not related to other conflicts.
Wikipedia page: War of the Spanish Succession (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Related conflicts include Rákóczi's War of Independence in Hungary, the Camisard revolt in Southern France, Queen Anne's War in North America, and minor struggles in Colonial India.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Carew is a native of Dominican Republic.
Wikipedia page: Rod Carew (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Rodney Cline Carew (born October 1, 1945) is a Panamanian former Major League Baseball (MLB) first baseman, second baseman and coach who played from 1967 to 1985 for the Minnesota Twins and the California Angels.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Seas: A World Tour Underwater, written in the 1860s, give details of a submarine that did not exist at the time, but exists today.
Wikipedia page: Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Its depiction of Captain Nemo's underwater ship, the Nautilus, is regarded as ahead of its time, since it accurately describes many features of today's submarines, which in the 1860s were comparatively primitive vessels.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Alexander the Great's father was Joseph IV.
Wikipedia page: Alexander the Great (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: He was born in Pella in 356 BC and succeeded his father Philip II to the throne at the age of 20.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Winston Churchill compared Gandhi to a Sufi fakir.
Wikipedia page: Mahatma Gandhi (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Principles, practices, and beliefs | Influences | Religious texts | Sufism
text: Winston Churchill also compared Gandhi to a Sufi fakir.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Pennock was the eldest of his siblings.
Wikipedia page: Herb Pennock (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: Herb was the youngest of four children.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Fiddler on the Roof is a 1905 play based on a Dairyman and his daughter.
Wikipedia page: Fiddler on the Roof (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Fiddler on the Roof is a musical with music by Jerry Bock, lyrics by Sheldon Harnick, and book by Joseph Stein, set in the Pale of Settlement of Imperial Russia in or around 1905.
section_header: Background
text: Fiddler on the Roof is based on Tevye (or Tevye the Dairyman) and his Daughters, a series of stories by Sholem Aleichem that he wrote in Yiddish between 1894 and 1914 about Jewish life in a village in the Pale of Settlement of Imperial Russia at the turn of the 20th century.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Elizabath the First was a queen and was imprisoned.
Wikipedia page: Elizabeth I (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: During Mary's reign, Elizabeth was imprisoned for nearly a year on suspicion of supporting Protestant rebels.
section_header: Summary
text: Elizabeth I (7 September 1533 – 24 March 1603) was Queen of England and Ireland from 17 November 1558 until her death on 24 March 1603.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Miller Huggins is from Ohio.
Wikipedia page: Miller Huggins (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Huggins was born in Cincinnati.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Anne of Green Gables author is from New Zealand.
Wikipedia page: Anne of Green Gables (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Anne of Green Gables is a 1908 novel by Canadian author Lucy Maud Montgomery (published as L.M. Montgomery).
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The 1998 film Who Framed Roger Rabbit
Wikipedia page: Who Framed Roger Rabbit (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Who Framed Roger Rabbit is a 1988 American live-action animated comedy-mystery film directed by Robert Zemeckis, produced by Frank Marshall and Robert Watts, and written by Jeffrey Price and Peter S. Seaman.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Fluorine is ranked higher than 10 on the list of most abundant elements in the lithosphere.
Wikipedia page: Fluorine (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Occurrence | Earth
text: Fluorine is the thirteenth most common element in Earth's crust at 600–700 ppm (parts per million) by mass.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The film was released in 1999.
Wikipedia page: Star Wars: Episode I – The Phantom Menace (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Release
text: The release on May 19, 1999 of the first new Star Wars film in 16 years was accompanied by a considerable amount of attention.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Big Bang Theory lasted for just 12 seasons.
Wikipedia page: The Big Bang Theory (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The Big Bang Theory is an American television sitcom created by Chuck Lorre and Bill Prady, both of whom served as executive producers on the series, along with Steven Molaro.
section_header: Summary
text: The show premiered on CBS on September 24, 2007 and concluded on May 16, 2019, having broadcast a total of 279 episodes over twelve seasons.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Garfield had 4 siblings.
Wikipedia page: James A. Garfield (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Childhood and early life
text: James Garfield was born the youngest of five children on November 19, 1831, in a log cabin in Orange Township, now Moreland Hills, Ohio.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Robert Schumann was a French actor/singer that wrote many songs for the piano.
Wikipedia page: Robert Schumann (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Robert Schumann (German: [ˈʃuːman]; 8 June 1810 – 29 July 1856) was a German composer, pianist, and influential music critic.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Megan Fox started dating Brian Austin Green in 2004.
Wikipedia page: Megan Fox (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Personal life
text: So, I was sort of checked out on that part of it." Fox began dating actor Brian Austin Green in 2004, after meeting on the set of Hope & Faith; she was 18 years old, while he was 30.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The book Frankenstein is about a scientist who created a creature with no name by a 21 year old woman.
Wikipedia page: Frankenstein (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Shelley started writing the story when she was 18, and the first edition was published anonymously in London on 1 January 1818, when she was 20.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The book takes place during the Civil War in America and was published in 1895.
Wikipedia page: The Red Badge of Courage (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Taking place during the American Civil War, the story is about a young private of the Union Army, Henry Fleming, who flees from the field of battle.
section_header: Summary
text: Initially shortened and serialized in newspapers in December 1894, the novel was published in full in October 1895.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: There are pumping stations in the tunnels that remove water from rain and seepage.
Wikipedia page: Channel Tunnel (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Engineering | Railway design | Ventilation, cooling and drainage
text: Pumping stations remove water in the tunnels from rain, seepage, and so on.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Red algae, the oldest eukaryotic algae, is also the largest phyla of algae.
Wikipedia page: Rhodophyta (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: meaning 'plant'), are one of the oldest groups of eukaryotic algae.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Friends is a podcast that aired from 1994 to 2004.
Wikipedia page: Friends (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Distribution | Broadcast | United States
text: After the produced pilot lived up to NBC's hopes, the series premiered with the name Friends on September 22, 1994, in the coveted Thursday 8:30
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Locomotives with steam systems use a minimum torque of 0 rpm
Wikipedia page: Torque (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Machine torque
text: Steam engines and electric motors tend to produce maximum torque close to zero rpm, with the torque diminishing as rotational speed rises (due to increasing friction and other constraints).
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: T.S. Eliot named the main character in his poem The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock after a minister he knew in his youth.
Wikipedia page: The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Description | Epigraph
text: In a 1950 letter, Eliot said, "I did not have, at the time of writing the poem, and have not yet recovered, any recollection of having acquired this name in any way, but I think that it must be assumed that I did, and that the memory has been obliterated." The draft version of the poem's epigraph comes from Dante's Purgatorio (XXVI, 147–148): He finally decided not to use this, but eventually used the quotation in the closing lines of his 1922 poem The Waste Land.
section_header: Description | Title
text: Prufrock is not certain, and Eliot never remarked on its origin other than to claim he was unsure of how he came upon the name.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The planet Neptune is the fourth largest planet by mass and named after the Greek god of the sea.
Wikipedia page: Neptune (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: In the Solar System, it is the fourth-largest planet by diameter, the third-most-massive planet, and the densest giant planet.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: A Passage to India is a movie that was derived from a play that was based on a book all by David Lean.
Wikipedia page: A Passage to India (film) (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The screenplay is based on the 1960 play of the same name by Santha Rama Rau, which was in turn based on the 1924 novel of the same name by E.M. Forster.
section_header: Production | Writing
text: She had met with E. M. Forster, had successfully adapted A Passage to India as a play, and had been charged by the author with preserving the spirit of the novel.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Eleanor Roosevelt was the First Lady in the role the longest.
Wikipedia page: Eleanor Roosevelt (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: She served as the First Lady of the United States from March 4, 1933, to April 12, 1945, during her husband President Franklin D. Roosevelt's four terms in office, making her the longest-serving First Lady of the United States.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Reeves ex girlfriend passed away in a plane crash in LA in 2001.
Wikipedia page: Keanu Reeves (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Personal life
text: On April 2, 2001, Syme was killed when her vehicle collided with three parked cars on Cahuenga Boulevard in Los Angeles.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Naismith became the first basketball coach of the University of Kansas.
Wikipedia page: James Naismith (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Head coaching record
text: In 1898, Naismith became the first basketball coach of University of Kansas also known as the first basketball coach in the world.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Panasonic got its start making parts for the Japanese military.
Wikipedia page: Panasonic (Technology)
Evidence:
section_header: History | 20th century
text: Panasonic, then Matsushita Electric, was founded in 1918 by Kōnosuke Matsushita as a vendor of duplex lamp sockets.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Jay-Z has 4 children; two sets of twins born in 2012 and 2017.
Wikipedia page: Jay-Z (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Personal life | Relationship with Beyoncé
text: Hip-Hop Songs. On June 18, 2017, Beyoncé's father Mathew Knowles confirmed that she and Jay-Z had welcomed twins: a daughter named Rumi and a son named Sir.
section_header: Personal life | Relationship with Beyoncé
text: Their daughter, Blue Ivy Carter, was born at New York's Lenox Hill Hospital on January 7, 2012.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Kidman is a citizen of both Australia and the UK.
Wikipedia page: Nicole Kidman (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Since she was born to Australian parents in Hawaii, Kidman has dual citizenship of Australia and the United States.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The St. Bartholomew's Day massacre could have encompassed anywhere from five thousand to thirty thousand dead Frenchman.
Wikipedia page: St. Bartholomew's Day massacre (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Modern estimates for the number of dead across France vary widely, from 5,000 to 30,000.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Some shots from the movie Mission Impossible-Ghost Protocol, were shot in and on the Burj Khalifa.
Wikipedia page: Burj Khalifa (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: In popular culture
text: Some scenes of the 2011 American action film Mission: Impossible – Ghost Protocol were shot on and in the Burj Khalifa, during which Tom Cruise's character Ethan Hunt climbs on the outside of the building to sneak from one hotel room into another.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: T.S Elliot's poem, The Hollow Men, is often referenced in today's culture.
Wikipedia page: The Hollow Men (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Influence in culture | Literature
text: King also makes reference to "The Hollow Men" in Pet Sematary (1983) with: " Or maybe someone who had escaped from Eliot's poem about the hollow men.
section_header: Influence in culture
text: Additionally, the March 1925 of Dial published The Hollow Men, I-III which was finally transformed to The Hollow Men Parts I, II, and IV in Poems: 1909–1925.(Publication information from Gallup) The Hollow Men has had a profound effect on the Anglo-American cultural lexicon—and by a relatively recent extension, world culture—since it was published in 1925.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: There was a nine year gap between the third and fourth movies in the series.
Wikipedia page: Toy Story 4 (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: It is the fourth installment in Pixar's Toy Story series and the sequel to Toy Story 3 (2010).
section_header: Summary
text: Toy Story 4 is a 2019 American computer-animated comedy film produced by Pixar Animation Studios for Walt Disney Pictures.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Doors first officially broke up in '73.
Wikipedia page: The Doors (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: After Morrison | Reunions
text: The group disbanded in 1973. The third post-Morrison album, An American Prayer, was released in 1978.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Apple became the first electonics manufacturer to fully eliminate all PVC and BFRs in its complete product line.
Wikipedia page: Apple Inc. (Technology)
Evidence:
section_header: Corporate affairs | Environmental practices and initiatives | Toxins
text: Following further campaigns by Greenpeace, in 2008, Apple became the first electronics manufacturer to fully eliminate all polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and brominated flame retardants (BFRs) in its complete product line.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Middlemarch, A Study of Provincial Life is a novel by the English author George Eliot (Mary Anne Evans), appearing in eight instalments (volumes) in 1871 and 1872 is now seen widely as her best work and one of the great novels in English.
Wikipedia page: Middlemarch (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Initial reviews were mixed, but it is now seen widely as her best work and one of the great novels in English.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Sons of Anarchy is a TV show about a motorcycle group in California.
Wikipedia page: Sons of Anarchy (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Cast and characters
text: Sons of Anarchy is the story of the Teller-Morrow family of Charming, California, as well as the other members of Sons of Anarchy Motorcycle Club, Redwood Original (SAMCRO), their families, various Charming townspeople, allied and rival gangs, associates, and law agencies that undermine or support SAMCRO's legal and illegal enterprises.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Kai-shek's passing caused not much mourning.
Wikipedia page: Chiang Kai-shek (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Rule | Death
text: In mainland China, however, Chiang's death was met with little apparent mourning and Communist state-run newspapers gave the brief headline "Chiang Kai-shek Has Died.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Neil Diamond's family has roots from Ireland.
Wikipedia page: Neil Diamond (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life and education
text: Diamond was born in Brooklyn, New York, to a Jewish family descended from Russian and Polish immigrants.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The 1992 novel the English Patient was turned into a film in 1996 that won 9 Academy Awards.
Wikipedia page: The English Patient (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Film adaptation
text: The book was adapted into a 1996 film with the same title by Anthony Minghella, starring Ralph Fiennes, Kristin Scott Thomas, Willem Dafoe, Colin Firth, Naveen Andrews, and Juliette Binoche.
section_header: Film adaptation
text: The film received nine Academy Awards—including Best Picture and Director—at the 69th Academy Awards.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Jane Wyman worked alongside Ronald Reagan in a movie.
Wikipedia page: Jane Wyman (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Personal life | Later life
text: She did attend her daughter's funeral in 2001 after Maureen died of melanoma; Ronald Reagan was unable to attend due to his Alzheimer's disease.
section_header: Personal life | Marriages | Ronald Reagan
text: In 1938, Wyman co-starred with Ronald Reagan (1911-2004) in Brother Rat (1938), and its sequel Brother Rat and a Baby (1940).
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: It still has the most grand roof construction worldwide and and has a much higher reach than any other dome built.
Wikipedia page: Hagia Sophia (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Architecture | Dome
text: It was the largest pendentive dome in the world until the completion of St Peter's Basilica, and has a much lower height than any other dome of such a large diameter.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Dawes Plan started on July 23, 1924 and included the Germans repayment plan.
Wikipedia page: Dawes Plan (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The Dawes Plan (as proposed by the Dawes Committee, chaired by Charles G. Dawes) was a plan in 1924 that successfully resolved the issue of  World War I reparations that Germany had to pay.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Getulio Vargas served as the president twice in his lifetime.
Wikipedia page: Getulio Vargas (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Getúlio Dornelles Vargas (Portuguese: [ʒeˈtulju doʁˈnɛlis ˈvaʁɡɐs]; 19 April 1882 – 24 August 1954) was a Brazilian lawyer and politician, who served as president during two periods: the first was from 1930 to 1945, when he served as interim president from 1930 to 1934, constitutional president from 1934 to 1937, and dictator from 1937 to 1945.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Glee aired for six seasons and follows a high school glee club in Ohio.
Wikipedia page: Glee (TV series) (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: It centers on the fictional William McKinley High School glee club, the New Directions, which competes on the show choir competition circuit while its disparate members deal with social issues, especially regarding sexuality, race, relationships, and teamwork.
section_header: Production | Conception
text: Glee is set at the fictional William McKinley High School in Lima, Ohio.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Henry the Navigator was known for his seafaring exploration of the Indian Ocean.
Wikipedia page: Henry the Navigator (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Henry was responsible for the early development of Portuguese exploration and maritime trade with other continents through the systematic exploration of Western Africa, the islands of the Atlantic Ocean, and the search for new routes.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Willis Tower was considered the tallest building but lost against the Petronas Towers after a couple of years after its construction.
Wikipedia page: Willis Tower (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Height
text: At 1,482.6 feet (451.9 m) tall, including decorative spires, the Petronas Twin Towers in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, controversially claimed to be the tallest building in the world in 1998.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Becket is a Canadian movie.
Wikipedia page: Becket (1964 film) (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Becket is a 1964 British-American film about the historic, tumultuous relationship between Henry II of England and his friend
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: During the Battle of Agincourt, King Henry of England defended a baggage train that contained one of his crowns.
Wikipedia page: Battle of Agincourt (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Fighting | Main French assault
text: Upon hearing that his youngest brother Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester had been wounded in the groin, Henry took his household guard and stood over his brother, in the front rank of the fighting, until Humphrey could be dragged to safety.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Kiki Cuyler played on 4 MLB teams and won a title with Pittsburgh.
Wikipedia page: Kiki Cuyler (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Career | Pittsburgh Pirates
text: Cuyler only hit .269 in the World Series, but his two-run double in the bottom of the eighth inning of game seven scored the deciding runs, the Pirates won Game 7 9–7.
section_header: Summary
text: He played in Major League Baseball for the Pittsburgh Pirates, Chicago Cubs, Cincinnati Reds, and Brooklyn Dodgers from 1921 until 1938.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The origins of the prime number are Greek and Egyptian fundamental arithmetic.
Wikipedia page: Prime number (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: History
text: The Rhind Mathematical Papyrus, from around 1550 BC, has Egyptian fraction expansions of different forms for prime and composite numbers.
section_header: History | Primality of one
text: Most early Greeks did not even consider 1 to be a number, so they could not consider its primality.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: As You Like It is Shakespeare's least popular play and sees the least performances per year professionally.
Wikipedia page: As You Like It (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Analysis and criticism
text: Though the play is consistently one of Shakespeare's most frequently performed comedies, scholars have long disputed over its merits.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Color Purple is based mostly in Georgia.
Wikipedia page: The Color Purple (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Taking place mostly in rural Georgia, the story focuses on the life of African-American women in the Southern United States in the 1930s, addressing numerous issues including their exceedingly low position in American social culture.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Spoon River Anthology is a collection of short free verse poems originally published in 1914.
Wikipedia page: Spoon River Anthology (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The poems were originally published in 1914 in the St. Louis, Missouri literary journal Reedy's Mirror, under the pseudonym Webster Ford.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: King Lear is about a king who passes-on his wealth to his female offspring.
Wikipedia page: King Lear (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: It tells the tale of a king who bequeaths his power and land to two of his three daughters, after they declare their love for him in an extremely fawning and obsequious manner.
section_header: Summary
text: When he feels he has been treated with disrespect by the two daughters who now have his wealth and power, he becomes furious to the point of madness.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The use of flowing water to generate electricity is the main energy source in North Korea.
Wikipedia page: North Korea (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Economy | Infrastructure
text: Coal accounts for 70% of primary energy production, followed by hydroelectric power with 17%.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Clara Schumann was a German pianist, composer, and teacher that learned piano from her mother and father.
Wikipedia page: Clara Schumann (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Life | Early life | Family
text: Five-year-old Clara remained with her father while Mariane and Bargiel eventually moved to Berlin, limiting contact between Clara and her mother to written letters and occasional visits.
section_header: Life | Early life | Child prodigy
text: After her mother moved out, she began taking daily one-hour lessons from her father.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Adventures of Tom Sawyer is a book by Mark Twain that is the follow up to the his most popular book about Huckleberry Finn.
Wikipedia page: The Adventures of Tom Sawyer (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Though overshadowed by its sequel, Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, the book is considered by many to be a masterpiece of American literature, and was one of the first novels to be written on a typewriter.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Coriolis effect forms the rotation in big wind storms.
Wikipedia page: Coriolis effect (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Applied to the Earth | Meteorology | Flow around a low-pressure area
text: Cyclones rarely form along the equator due to the weak Coriolis effect present in this region.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: 7 World Trade Center building's working area for employees, spanned 20,000k feet.
Wikipedia page: 7 World Trade Center (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Original building (1987–2001) | Design and layout
text: In all, 7 World Trade Center had 1,868,000 sq ft (173,500 m2) of office space.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Caine Mutiny is in part titled after an ancient story of violent familial conflict.
Wikipedia page: The Caine Mutiny (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Historical background
text: The name for the USS Caine came from the bible verse involving Caine killing his brother Abel, and is a reference to the banishment and resulting isolation felt by Caine as a result of his murdering his brother.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Brian Mulroney was a Prime Minster.
Wikipedia page: Brian Mulroney (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Martin Brian Mulroney (; born March 20, 1939) is a Canadian politician who served as the 18th prime minister of Canada from September 17, 1984, to June 25, 1993.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Turkey has no official religion but has many religious temples and mosques.
Wikipedia page: Turkey (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Demographics | Religion
text: Turkey is a secular state with no official state religion; the Turkish Constitution provides for freedom of religion and conscience.
section_header: Demographics | Religion | Islam
text: Turkish: Diyanet İşleri Başkanlığı) ; it interprets the Hanafi school of law, and is responsible for regulating the operation of the country's 80,000 registered mosques and employing local and provincial imams.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Sherlock was a television series and a book about a detective of the same name that was played by Benedict Cumberbatch in the series.
Wikipedia page: Sherlock (TV series) (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Sherlock is a British crime television series based on Sir Arthur Conan Doyle's Sherlock Holmes detective stories.
section_header: Summary
text: Created by Steven Moffat and Mark Gatiss, it stars Benedict Cumberbatch as Sherlock Holmes and Martin Freeman as Doctor John Watson.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Bacteria is smaller in size than a virus.
Wikipedia page: Virus (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Microbiology | Structure
text: In general, viruses are much smaller than bacteria.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Reds was produced by Jack Nicholson.
Wikipedia page: Reds (film) (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Reds is a 1981 American epic historical drama film co-written, produced, and directed by Warren Beatty.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: In the true crime novel In Cold Blood, the murderers are not stopped by a locked door.
Wikipedia page: In Cold Blood (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Crime
text: After driving more than 400 miles across the state of Kansas on the evening of November 14, Hickock and Smith arrived in Holcomb, located the Clutter home, and entered through an unlocked door while the family slept.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: There is a video game that is constructed from Charlotte's Web.
Wikipedia page: Charlotte's Web (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: A video game based on this adaptation was also released in 2006.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: A chordate is an extinct animal from the Chordata species with bones.
Wikipedia page: Chordata (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Chordate fossils have been found from as early as the Cambrian explosion, 541 million years ago.
section_header: Summary
text: Of the more than 65,000 living species of chordates, about half are bony fish that are members of the superclass Pisces, class Osteichthyes.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: American actor Robert De Niro was prosecuted for soliciting a prostitute in France.
Wikipedia page: Robert De Niro (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Legal issues
text: In February 1998, De Niro was held for questioning by French police in connection with an international prostitution ring.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Nero was Roman emperor from 54 to 68, the youngest ruler of the Julio-Claudian dynasty in which at least three leaders of short-lived, failed rebellions presented themselves as "Nero reborn" to enlist popular support.
Wikipedia page: Nero (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Nero ( NEER- oh; Nero Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus; 15 December 37 – 9 June 68 AD) was Roman emperor from 54 to 68, the last ruler of the Julio-Claudian dynasty.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: A polymer is a substance or material that consists of large molecules the were made synthetically.
Wikipedia page: Polymer (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Synthesis | Modification of natural polymers
text: Naturally occurring polymers such as cotton, starch, and rubber were familiar materials for years before synthetic polymers such as polyethene and perspex appeared on the market.
section_header: Summary
text: Polymers, both natural and synthetic, are created via polymerization of many small molecules, known as monomers.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Zoltán was a famous chemist in Hungary whom discovered that when you reduce down urine you can use the urea as a base for a nitrogen fertilizer.
Wikipedia page: Zoltán Kodály (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Zoltán Kodály (; Hungarian: Kodály Zoltán, pronounced [ˈkodaːj ˈzoltaːn]; 16 December 1882 – 6 March 1967) was a Hungarian composer, ethnomusicologist, pedagogue, linguist, and philosopher.
section_header: Kodály method of musical education
text: Throughout his adult life, Kodály was very interested in the problems of many types of music education, and he wrote a large amount of material on teaching methods as well as composing plenty of music intended for children's use.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: On the Waterfront was based off an original story by written Marlon Brando.
Wikipedia page: On the Waterfront (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The film was suggested by "Crime on the Waterfront" by Malcolm Johnson, a series of articles published in November–December 1948 in the New York Sun which won the 1949 Pulitzer Prize for Local Reporting, but the screenplay by Budd Schulberg is directly based on his own original story.
section_header: Summary
text: On the Waterfront is a 1954 American crime drama film, directed by Elia Kazan and written by Budd Schulberg.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Screwtape Letters is a novel created as a satirical response to Lord of the Rings.
Wikipedia page: The Screwtape Letters (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The Screwtape Letters is a Christian apologetic novel by C. S. Lewis and dedicated to J. R. R. Tolkien.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Andre Dawson was a pitcher.
Wikipedia page: Andre Dawson (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Career | Montreal Expos
text: Dawson, playing primarily center field for the Expos, also became an excellent defensive player, gaining his first of eight Gold Glove Awards in 1980.
section_header: Summary
text: Dawson was a center fielder until knee problems – worsened by the artificial surface at Olympic Stadium – forced his shift to right field, followed by his move to a team which played on grass.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Dizzy Dean was hired for the Cubs by a man nicknamed "Pants", even after injuries made him a much worse pitcher.
Wikipedia page: Dizzy Dean (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Injury-shortened career
text: Nonetheless, Chicago Cubs scout Clarence "Pants" Rowland was given the unenviable job of obeying owner P. K. Wrigley's order to buy the washed-up Dizzy Dean's contract at any cost.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The top billing film Sabrina is about a teenage witch who is an orphan and goes to live with her Aunts in Salem.
Wikipedia page: Sabrina (1954 film) (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Reception
text: The film opened in New York and Los Angeles on September 23, 1954 and was number one at the US box office for two weeks.
section_header: Plot
text: Sabrina Fairchild is the young daughter of the Larrabee family's chauffeur, Thomas, and has been in love with David Larrabee all her life.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Travis Jackson played baseball for most of his career in his home state of New York.
Wikipedia page: Travis Jackson (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: Jackson was born in Waldo, Arkansas on November 2, 1903.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Swiss Confederation, located between the Swiss Plateau and the Alps, is not part of the European union.
Wikipedia page: Switzerland (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: It is a founding member of the European Free Trade Association, but notably not part of the European Union, the European Economic Area or the Eurozone.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Agamemnon was the king of Sparta.
Wikipedia page: Agamemnon (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: In Greek mythology, Agamemnon  (Greek: Ἀγαμέμνων, Ἀgamémnōn) was a king of Mycenae, the son, or grandson, of King Atreus and Queen Aerope of Mycenae, the brother of Menelaus, the husband of Clytemnestra and the father of Iphigenia, Electra or Laodike (Λαοδίκη), Orestes and Chrysothemis.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Approximately a quarter of Egypt's population is settled in rural regions.
Wikipedia page: Egypt (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: About half of Egypt's residents live in urban areas, with most spread across the densely populated centres of greater Cairo, Alexandria and other major cities in the Nile Delta.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Trevor Hoffman was the first MLB pitcher to achieve five hundred and six hundred saves.
Wikipedia page: Trevor Hoffman (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Hoffman was the major leagues' first player to reach the 500- and 600-save milestones, and was the all-time saves leader from 2006 until 2011.
section_header: Legacy
text: He was the first pitcher to reach not only the 500 save milestone, but also 600.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: In Good Will Hunting Skylar is played by Sandra Bullock.
Wikipedia page: Good Will Hunting (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Plot
text: At a bar, Will meets Skylar (Minnie Driver), a British woman about to graduate from Harvard College, who plans on attending medical school at Stanford.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Tsar Ivan IV had no real power.
Wikipedia page: Russia (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: History | Tsardom of Russia
text: The Tsar promulgated a new code of laws (Sudebnik of 1550), established the first Russian feudal representative body (Zemsky Sobor) and introduced local self-management into the rural regions.
section_header: History | Tsardom of Russia
text: During his long reign, Ivan the Terrible nearly doubled the already large Russian territory by annexing the three Tatar khanates (parts of the disintegrated Golden Horde): Kazan and Astrakhan along the Volga River, and the Siberian Khanate in southwestern Siberia.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The novel's themes and concept came to the author when he rode in a submersible.
Wikipedia page: Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Its depiction of Captain Nemo's underwater ship, the Nautilus, is regarded as ahead of its time, since it accurately describes many features of today's submarines, which in the 1860s were comparatively primitive vessels.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Walter Johnson was really good at throwing the ball at high velocity.
Wikipedia page: Walter Johnson (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Playing career
text: We couldn't touch him.... Every one of us knew we'd met the most powerful arm ever turned loose in a ball park.
section_header: Playing career
text: In 1917, a Bridgeport, Connecticut munitions laboratory recorded Johnson's fastball at 134 feet per second, which is equal to 91 miles per hour (146 km/h), a velocity that may have been unmatched in his day, with the possible exception of Smoky Joe Wood.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The company was founded by two people.
Wikipedia page: Microsoft (Technology)
Evidence:
section_header: History | 1972–1985: The founding of Microsoft
text: Childhood friends Bill Gates and Paul Allen sought to make a business utilizing their shared skills in computer programming.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Pie Traynor mother and father were from England.
Wikipedia page: Pie Traynor (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: Traynor was born in Framingham, Massachusetts, to parents who had emigrated from Canada.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Frida is a 2002 American film that went 2 for 6 at the Academy Awards the following year.
Wikipedia page: Frida (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Frida received generally positive reviews from critics, and won two Academy Awards for Best Makeup and Best Original Score among six nominations.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: During Rickey Henderson's career, he was one of the best left fielder but never played in an all-star game.
Wikipedia page: Rickey Henderson (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: At the time of his last major league game in 2003, the ten-time American League (AL) All-Star ranked among the sport's top 100 all-time home run hitters and was its all-time leader in base on balls.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: It was mostly filmed in Georgia.
Wikipedia page: The Walking Dead (TV series) (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Production | Filming
text: The Walking Dead is mostly filmed in Georgia.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Jack Lemmon grew up in a protestant home.
Wikipedia page: Jack Lemmon (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: John Uhler Lemmon II was of Irish heritage, and Jack Lemmon was raised Catholic.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Joe Torre was never a major league player.
Wikipedia page: Joe Torre (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Playing career | St. Louis Cardinals (1969–1974)
text: The Cardinals had Tim McCarver as their starting catcher so Torre replaced the departed Cepeda as their first baseman for the 1969 season.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Although born in the Netherlands, Bert Blyleven competed as a shortstop for 22 years in the MLB.
Wikipedia page: Bert Blyleven (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Bert Blyleven (born Rik Aalbert Blijleven, April 6, 1951) is a Dutch American former professional baseball pitcher who played from 1970 to 1992.
section_header: Early life
text: Blyleven was born in the Netherlands but was raised in Garden Grove, California where he attended Santiago High School.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: After missing the all-star game in 1938, him and his brother came back the next season to set the record for the most hits by brothers in a single season.
Wikipedia page: Lloyd Waner (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: MLB career | Middle career
text: Waner hit between .313 and .330 between 1936 and 1938, earning an MLB All-Star Game selection in 1938.
section_header: Summary
text: Lloyd and Paul Waner set the record for career hits by brothers in MLB.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Anti-Masonic Party, also known as the Anti-Masonic Movement, was the first third party in the United States was formed in Tennessee in February 1828.
Wikipedia page: Anti-Masonic Party (History)
Evidence:
section_header: History | Party foundation
text: The Anti-Masonic Party was formed in Upstate New York in February 1828.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Wilmot Proviso which followed the Mexican American War was not related to the Civil War.
Wikipedia page: Wilmot Proviso (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The conflict over the Wilmot Proviso was one of the major events leading to the American Civil War.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: A Streetcar Named Desire is a book about racism.
Wikipedia page: A Streetcar Named Desire (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: "A Streetcar Named Success"
text: "A Streetcar Named Success" is an essay by Tennessee Williams about art and the artist's role in society.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Robert Feller was in the U.S. military during WWll.
Wikipedia page: Bob Feller (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: His career was interrupted by four years of military service in World War II, during which time he served as Chief Petty Officer aboard USS Alabama.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Mass is the same regardless of gravity affecting an object.
Wikipedia page: Mass (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Definitions
text: Two objects within the same gravitational field will experience the same acceleration; however, the object with a smaller passive gravitational mass will experience a smaller force (less weight) than the object with a larger passive gravitational mass.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Doctor Who is a sci-fi show from England about an alien whom comes to Earth to abduct humans and take them on dangerous missions through time and space.
Wikipedia page: Doctor Who (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Premise
text: These companions are usually humans, owing to the Doctor's fascination with planet Earth, which also leads to frequent collaborations with the international military task force UNIT when the Earth is threatened.
section_header: Characters | The Doctor
text: In the programme's early days, the character was an eccentric alien traveller of great intelligence who battled injustice while exploring time and space in an unreliable time machine, the "TARDIS" (an acronym for Time and Relative Dimension in Space), which notably appears much larger on the inside than on the outside (a quality referred to as "dimensional transcendentality").The initially irascible and slightly sinister
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Clint Eastwood started his career in the movie Rawhide.
Wikipedia page: Clint Eastwood (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Career | 1950s: Early career struggles
text: In 1958, Eastwood was cast as Rowdy Yates for the CBS hourlong western series Rawhide, the career breakthrough he had long sought.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The bad guys from World War II attempted to hide facts about the ancestry of Johann Strauss.
Wikipedia page: Johann Strauss, the Younger (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: His paternal great-grandfather was a Hungarian Jew – a fact which the Nazis, who lionised Strauss's music as "so German", later tried to conceal.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The lyrical pieces in this show were written by Freddy Kreiger.
Wikipedia page: Dreamgirls (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Dreamgirls is a Broadway musical, with music by Henry Krieger and lyrics and book by Tom Eyen.
Verdict: REFUTES