tasksource/fool-me-twice huggingface dataset:
Claim: The Cider House Rules is a book that was made into a movie and a theater production.
Wikipedia page: The Cider House Rules (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The Cider House Rules (1985) is a novel by American writer John Irving, a Bildungsroman, which was later adapted into a film (1999) and a stage play by Peter Parnell.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Bacteriophages only live outside of water for two hours.
Wikipedia page: Bacteriophage (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Bacteriophages are among the most common and diverse entities in the biosphere.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: There are 5 main considerations when developing a brand.
Wikipedia page: Brand (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Brand elements | Brand communication
text: Five key components comprise IMC: advertising
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Lyft's headquarters are in California.
Wikipedia page: Lyft (Technology)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Lyft, Inc. is an American  ridesharing company based in San Francisco, California and operating in 644 cities in the United States and 12 cities in Canada.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: A song about lynching the President of the Confederate States can be sung to the same melody as that of the song John Brown's Body.
Wikipedia page: John Brown's Body (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Other related texts
text: An African-American version was recorded as "We'll hang Jeff Davis from a sour apple
section_header: Other related texts
text: The Burning of the School is a well-known parody sung by school  children and another version that begins "John Brown's baby has a cold upon his chest" is often sung by children at summer camps.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The movie, An Officer and a Gentleman was given permission to film at the Naval Air Station in Florida.
Wikipedia page: An Officer and a Gentleman (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Production | Locations
text: The U.S. Navy did not permit filming at NAS Pensacola in the  Florida panhandle, the site of the actual Aviation Officer Candidate School in 1981.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The group did not make any public appearances between Stig's 1986 birthday and the Sweedish premiere of Mamma Mia.
Wikipedia page: ABBA (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: History | 1981–1982: Final album and performances | Final performances
text: All four members made their (at the time, final) public appearance as four friends more than as ABBA in January 1986, when they recorded a video of themselves performing an acoustic version of "Tivedshambo" (which was the first song written by their manager Stig Anderson), for a Swedish TV show honouring Anderson on his 55th birthday.
section_header: History | 1981–1982: Final album and performances | Break and reunion
text: Except for a TV appearance in 1986, the foursome did not come together publicly again until they were reunited at the Swedish premiere of the Mamma Mia!
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Erik Satie was a hit straight away with the instructors at his music school.
Wikipedia page: Erik Satie (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Life | Early life
text: In 1879, Satie entered the Paris Conservatoire, where he was soon labelled untalented by his teachers.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Faber is not of Luxembourgish ancestry since he was born in Iowa not Europe in 1888.
Wikipedia page: Red Faber (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: He was of Luxembourgish ancestry.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Boggs has two brothers.
Wikipedia page: Wade Boggs (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: Born in Omaha, Nebraska, the youngest of three sons of Winfield Kennedy Boggs Jr. and Sue Nell Graham, Wade had a regimented military upbringing.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Pope Alexander VI's parents were not related.
Wikipedia page: Pope Alexander VI (NOCAT)
Evidence:
section_header: Birth and family
text: 24 March 1437) and his Aragonese wife and distant cousin Isabel de Borja y Cavanilles (died 19 October 1468), daughter of Juan Domingo de Borja y Doncel.
section_header: Birth and family
text: His parents were Jofré Llançol i Escrivà (died bef.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Harry Hooper's female parent was from Italy while his daddy was from Scotland.
Wikipedia page: Harry Hooper (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: Hooper's mother, Mary Katherine (Keller), was from Frankfurt, Germany.
section_header: Early life
text: His father, Joseph "Joe" Hooper, was born in Morrell, Prince Edward Island in Canada.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The composer of the play, Peer Gynt  is Swedish.
Wikipedia page: Peer Gynt (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Peer Gynt (, Norwegian: [ˈpeːr ˈɡʏnt]) is a five-act play in verse by the Norwegian dramatist Henrik Ibsen published in 1867.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The English Patient showcases the complexities of being a woman nurse during World War II.
Wikipedia page: The English Patient (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Analysis
text: The English Patient is a progressive novel that aims to bring a sense of the meaning of freedom to its readers.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Disney had to close six times unexpectedly.
Wikipedia page: Disneyland (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Operations | Closures
text: See or edit raw graph data. Disneyland has had six unscheduled closures:  In 1963, following the assassination of John F. Kennedy.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Tony Pérez played for a single club in the Major League Soccer.
Wikipedia page: Tony Pérez (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: He played in Major League Baseball as a first baseman and third baseman from 1964 through 1986, most notably as a member of the Cincinnati Reds dynasty that won four National League pennants and two World Series championships between 1970 and 1976.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Danchakoff lived in America before moving back to Europe.
Wikipedia page: Vera Danchakoff (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: She later returned to Europe to continue with her research.
section_header: Summary
text: She emigrated to the United States in 1915 where she was a leading exponent of the idea that all types of blood cell develop from a single type of cell.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Chipper Jones retired so that he could play celebrity poker.
Wikipedia page: Chipper Jones (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Personal life
text: Jones was a co-owner of Outdoor Channel's hunting show Buck Commander with friends and pro athletes Adam LaRoche, Ryan Langerhans, Tom Martin, and Willie Robertson.
section_header: Personal life
text: Currently, he is co-owner and co-host of the television show Major League Bowhunter airing on the Sportsman Channel, alongside long time friend Matt Duff.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Ingrid was from Belgium and was an excellent student and entered college at 17.
Wikipedia page: Ingrid Daubechies (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life and education
text: Daubechies was born in Houthalen, Belgium, as the daughter of Marcel Daubechies (a civil mining engineer) and Simonne Duran (then a homemaker, later a criminologist).
section_header: Early life and education
text: After completing the Lyceum in Hasselt she entered the Vrije Universiteit Brussel at 17.Daubechies completed her undergraduate studies in physics at the Vrije Universiteit Brussel in 1975.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: In 1998 terminal one opened while terminal two opened in 1962.
Wikipedia page: John F. Kennedy International Airport (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: History | Later operation
text: The airport's new Terminal 1 opened on May 28, 1998; Terminal 4, the $1.4 billion replacement for the International Arrivals Building, opened on May 24, 2001.
section_header: Facilities | Terminals | Terminal 2
text: Terminal 1 has 11 gates. Terminal 2 opened in 1962 as the home of Northeast Airlines, Braniff, and Northwest Airlines, and is now exclusively used and operated by Delta Air Lines for its hub at the airport along with Terminal 4.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Fidel Castro was leader of his party for 60 years.
Wikipedia page: Fidel Castro (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Ideologically a Marxist-Leninist and Cuban nationalist, he also served as the First Secretary of the Communist Party of Cuba from 1961 until 2011.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Darth Vader has made an appearance in every Star Wars movie to date.
Wikipedia page: Darth Vader (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Appearances
text: Darth Vader/Anakin Skywalker appears in seven of the live-action Star Wars films, the animated series The Clone Wars (including the film), Rebels, and the micro-series Clone Wars and Forces of Destiny.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: After Walter Raleigh died, his relatives wanted money because of a bad deal had he had made.
Wikipedia page: Walter Raleigh (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Ireland
text: In 1602, he sold the lands to Richard Boyle, 1st Earl of Cork, who subsequently prospered under kings James I and Charles I. Following Raleigh's death, members of his family approached Boyle for compensation on the ground that Raleigh had struck an improvident bargain.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Superconductivity is a conductor that expels fluid from minerals.
Wikipedia page: Superconductivity (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Superconductivity is the set of physical properties observed in certain materials where electrical resistance vanishes and magnetic flux fields are expelled from the material.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Babel is set in 4 different countries.
Wikipedia page: Babel (film) (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The film portrays multiple stories taking place in Morocco, Japan, Mexico and the United States.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Norma Shearer was from Montreal, Canada and of French ancestry.
Wikipedia page: Norma Shearer (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: Shearer was of Scottish, English, and Irish descent.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Nero was the youngest ruler at the time he began his reign.
Wikipedia page: Nero (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Reign (54–68 AD) | Early reign
text: Nero became emperor in 54 AD, aged sixteen years.
section_header: Reign (54–68 AD) | Early reign
text: This made him the youngest sole emperor until Elagabalus, who became emperor aged 14 in 218.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The capital of Japan, Tokyo, is the biggest metro area in the world.
Wikipedia page: Tokyo (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The Greater Tokyo Area is the most populous metropolitan area in the world, with more than 37.393 million residents as of 2020.Originally a fishing village named Edo, the city became a prominent political center in 1603, when it became the seat of the Tokugawa shogunate.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Robin Williams' maternal side of the family has roots in Georgia.
Wikipedia page: Robin Williams (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: His mother, Laurie McLaurin, was a former model from Jackson, Mississippi,
section_header: Early life
text: whose great-grandfather was Mississippi senator and governor Anselm J. McLaurin.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: William Lloyd Garrison caused a rift in abolitionists because some of the people decrying racism were still incredibly sexist, and didn't enjoy his allowing women to participate.
Wikipedia page: William Lloyd Garrison (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Garrison also emerged as a leading advocate of women's rights, which prompted a split in the abolitionist community.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: A score writer program is labeled after Jean.
Wikipedia page: Jean Sibelius (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Legacy
text: The popular scorewriter program, Sibelius, is named after him.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Tom Cruise had his own day in Japan which was October 14, 2006.
Wikipedia page: Tom Cruise (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Legacy
text: October 10, 2006, was declared "Tom Cruise Day" in Japan; the Japan Memorial Day Association said that he was awarded with a special day because he has made more trips to Japan than any other Hollywood star.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Before his musical career took off, Kanye was offered a scholarship to further his education in art.
Wikipedia page: Kanye West (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: After graduating from high school, West received a scholarship to attend Chicago's American Academy of Art in 1997 and began taking painting classes; shortly after, he transferred to Chicago State University to study English.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Ryan Reynolds is a Canadian actor who has been married three times.
Wikipedia page: Ryan Reynolds (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: He was married to actress Scarlett Johansson from 2008 to 2011 and since 2012, has been married to actress Blake Lively, with whom he has three daughters.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Karen Sparck Jones died April 4th, 2007.
Wikipedia page: Karen Sparck Jones (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Personal Life
text: She died 4 April 2007 at Willingham in Cambridgeshire.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Ernst Röhm wanted a different future than Hitler for the Sturmabteilung.
Wikipedia page: Night of the Long Knives (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Growing pressure against the SA
text: Because their plans for the army conflicted, Röhm's success could come only at Hitler's expense.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Dorothy Mary Crowfoot Hodgkin established the underlying structure of insulin.
Wikipedia page: Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Career and discoveries | Insulin structure
text: Hodgkin's dream of unlocking the structure of insulin was put on hold until 1969 when she was finally able to work with her team of young, international scientists to uncover the structure for the first time.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: A large body of religious texts originating in ancient India, the Vedas, are used in a variety of meanings and also referred to as mantras.
Wikipedia page: Vedas (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Vedic texts | Vedic Sanskrit corpus
text: The term "Vedic texts" is used in two distinct meanings:  Texts composed in Vedic Sanskrit during the Vedic period (Iron Age India) Any text considered as "connected to the Vedas" or a "corollary of the Vedas"The corpus of Vedic Sanskrit texts includes: The Samhitas (Sanskrit saṃhitā, "collection"), are collections of metric texts ("mantras").
section_header: Vedic texts | Vedic Sanskrit corpus
text: In some contexts, the term Veda is used to refer only to these Samhitas, the collection of mantras.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Ebay is based in New York.
Wikipedia page: eBay (Technology)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: eBay Inc. ( EE-bay) (stylized in all lowercase) is an American multinational e-commerce corporation based in San Jose, California, that facilitates consumer-to-consumer and business-to-consumer sales through its website.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Their last original album was released in the 90s.
Wikipedia page: R.E.M. (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: History | 2006–2011: Last albums, recognition and breakup
text: R.E.M. released Accelerate in early 2008.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Johnny Bench played basketball and played for the Phillies.
Wikipedia page: Johnny Bench (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: He played his entire career in Major League Baseball as a catcher for the Cincinnati Reds from 1967 through 1983.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Japan's capital is Osaka.
Wikipedia page: Japan (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Demographics
text: The capital city Tokyo has a population of 13.8 million (2018).
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Quaker movement in the 1700s encouraged its members to increase membership by converting others.
Wikipedia page: Quakers (History)
Evidence:
section_header: History | Quietism
text: During the 18th century, Quakers entered the Quietist period in the history of their church, becoming more inward-looking spiritually and less active in converting others.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Anti-Masonic Party despite having many members join the Whig Party still functioned  for a long time after.
Wikipedia page: Anti-Masonic Party (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: After emerging as a political force in the late 1820s, most of the Anti-Masonic Party's members joined the Whig Party in the 1830s and the party disappeared after 1838.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Craig Biggio initially did not play catcher in college.
Wikipedia page: Craig Biggio (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life | College career
text: Although Biggio was an infielder, Seton Hall coach Mike Sheppard switched him to catcher because the team was in need of one.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: 3 times as many civilians than military personnel died in World War II because of mass genocide, massacres, bombings, disease, and starvation.
Wikipedia page: World War II (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Impact | Casualties and war crimes
text: Most suggest that some 60 million people died in the war, including about 20 million military personnel and 40 million civilians.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Muni played the stage role of a woman when he was 13.
Wikipedia page: Paul Muni (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: At the age of 12, he played the stage role of an 80-year-old man; in one of his films, Seven Faces, he played seven different characters.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Georgia Guidestones statue's height is over 5 metres.
Wikipedia page: Georgia Guidestones (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Explanatory tablet | Physical data
text: OVERALL HEIGHT – 19 FEET 3 INCHES [5.87 m].
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: There's an interactive entertainment version of the story made in the style of Nintendo.
Wikipedia page: The Great Gatsby (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Adaptations | Computer games
text: In 2011, as a tribute to old NES games, developer Charlie Hoey and editor Pete Smith created an 8-bit-style online game of The Great Gatsby called The Great Gatsby for NES.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Paul Hindemith learned how to play violin when he was young.
Wikipedia page: Paul Hindemith (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Life and career
text: Born in Hanau, near Frankfurt am Main, Hindemith was taught the violin as a child.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Yandex is the biggest tech company in Russia.
Wikipedia page: Yandex (Technology)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: It is the largest technology company in Russia and the largest search engine on the Internet in Russian, with a market share of over 52%.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: There was an interactive software title made of The Hunchback of Notre Dame in the 80's.
Wikipedia page: The Hunchback of Notre Dame (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Video games
text: Hunchback, a 1983 arcade video game developed by Century Electronics, starring Quasimodo and Esmeralda.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Pennock was born and raised in Ohio.
Wikipedia page: Herb Pennock (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: Pennock was born on February 10, 1894, in Kennett Square, Pennsylvania.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Mike Piazza's childhood years were spent in Kansas.
Wikipedia page: Mike Piazza (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Michael Joseph Piazza (; born September 4, 1968) is an American former professional baseball catcher who played 16 seasons in Major League Baseball (MLB), from 1992 to 2007.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The poems were by a Welsh poet.
Wikipedia page: A Shropshire Lad (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: A Shropshire Lad is a collection of sixty-three poems by the English poet Alfred Edward Housman, published in 1896.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Mobutu Sese Seko was the King of Somalia in 1972 and conquered most of Mogadishu.
Wikipedia page: Mobutu Sese Seko (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Mobutu Sese Seko Kuku Ngbendu Wa Za Banga (; born Joseph-Désiré Mobutu; 14 October 1930 – 7 September 1997) was a Congolese politician and military officer who was the President of the Democratic Republic of the Congo and later Zaire from 1965 to 1997.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Cat on a Hot Tin Roof follows a genealogy and deals with how they deal with death.
Wikipedia page: Cat on a Hot Tin Roof (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Plot
text: Cat on a Hot Tin Roof is the story of a Southern family in crisis, especially the husband  Brick and wife Margaret (usually called Maggie or "Maggie the Cat"), and their interaction with Brick's family over the course of one evening's gathering at the family estate in Mississippi.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Asoka was a Mongolian king.
Wikipedia page: Asoka (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Ashoka (Brāhmi: 𑀅𑀲𑁄𑀓, Asoka, IAST: Aśoka, English:  ), also known as Ashoka the Great, was an Indian emperor of the Maurya Dynasty, who ruled almost all of the Indian subcontinent from c. 268 to 232 BCE.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Tom Hanks gained traction in the film industry after starring in a show on the American Broadcasting Company.
Wikipedia page: Tom Hanks (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Career | 1979–1987: Early work
text: The following year, Hanks landed one of the lead roles, that of character Kip Wilson, on the ABC television pilot of Bosom Buddies.
section_header: Career | 1988–2003: Established star
text: The broad success of the fantasy comedy Big (1988) established Hanks as a major Hollywood talent, both as a box office draw and within the industry as an actor.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Henry Manush  played for multiple baseball teams in his career.
Wikipedia page: Heinie Manush (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: He played professional baseball for 20 years from 1920 to 1939, including 17 years in Major League Baseball for the Detroit Tigers (1923–1927), St. Louis Browns (1928–1930), Washington Senators (1930–1935), Boston Red Sox (1936), Brooklyn Dodgers (1937–1938), and Pittsburgh Pirates (1938–1939).
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Jacques Offenbach has a plaza named after him.
Wikipedia page: Jacques Offenbach (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Life and career | Early years
text: His birthplace in the Großer Griechenmarkt was a short distance from the square that is now named after him, the Offenbachplatz.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Hector Berlioz passed away in his 60s.
Wikipedia page: Hector Berlioz (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Berlioz died in Paris at the age of 65.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: With regards to the composition of music, Adrian Willaert was a Renaissance man.
Wikipedia page: Adriaan Willaert (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Musical style and influence
text: Willaert was one of the most versatile composers of the Renaissance, writing music in almost every extant style and form.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Niekro earned his nom de guerre from his big meaty hands.
Wikipedia page: Phil Niekro (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Pitching repertoire
text: His pitching featured the knuckleball, which frustrated major league hitters.
section_header: Summary
text: Philip Henry Niekro (pronounced NEE-kro) (born April 1, 1939), nicknamed "Knucksie", is an American former baseball pitcher who played 24 seasons in Major League Baseball (MLB), 20 of them with the Milwaukee / Atlanta Braves.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Lateran Treaty was part of a pact between a country and a religion to make Vatican City its own state.
Wikipedia page: Lateran Treaty (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The treaty recognized Vatican City as an independent state under the sovereignty of the Holy See.
section_header: Summary
text: The Lateran Treaty (Italian: Patti Lateranensi; Latin: Pacta Lateranensia) was one component of the Lateran Pacts of 1929, agreements between the Kingdom of Italy under Benito Mussolini and the Holy See under Pope Pius XI to settle the long-standing Roman Question.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Thyroxine is produced by the kidneys which helps control the metabolism of the body.
Wikipedia page: Kidney (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Function | Hormone secretion
text: The kidneys secrete a variety of hormones, including erythropoietin, calcitriol, and renin.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The name GoDaddy  was used because it is a memorable name.
Wikipedia page: GoDaddy (Technology)
Evidence:
section_header: History | Company name
text: Parsons said that the company stuck with the name because it made people smile and remember it.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Garson is from England.
Wikipedia page: Greer Garson (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: Greer Garson was born on 29 September 1904 in Manor Park, East Ham (then in Essex, now part of London), the only child of Nina (née Nancy Sophia Greer; 1880-1958) and George Garson (1865–1906), a commercial clerk in a London importing business.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Newcastle United started on 1880 and has continued to have the same name since it started.
Wikipedia page: Newcastle United F.C. (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Stadium
text: Its lease was then bought by Newcastle East End F.C. in 1892, before they changed their name to Newcastle United.
section_header: History | Formation and early history (1881–1903)
text: The origins of Newcastle United Football Club itself can be traced back to the formation of a football club by the Stanley Cricket Club of Byker in November 1881.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The inventor of the pendulum clock improved its time keeping by using math.
Wikipedia page: Pendulum (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: History | 1673: Huygens' Horologium Oscillatorium
text: By a complicated method that was an early use of calculus, he showed this curve was a cycloid, rather than the circular arc of a pendulum, confirming that the pendulum was not isochronous and Galileo's observation of isochronism was accurate only for small swings.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Nineteen Eighty-Four is not only a novel.
Wikipedia page: Nineteen Eighty-Four (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Nineteen Eighty-Four: A Novel, often published as 1984, is a dystopian novel by English novelist George Orwell.
section_header: Adaptations in other media
text: Nineteen Eighty-Four has been adapted for the cinema, radio, television and theatre at least twice each, as well as for other art media, such as ballet and opera.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Cuban professional baseball player Martín Dihigo played 12 seasons in the Negro leagues and was a three time All-Star in the same leagues.
Wikipedia page: Martín Dihigo (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Mexican and Cuban leagues
text: Although a two-time All-Star in the American Negro leagues, Dihigo's greatest season came in the Mexican League in 1938, with Rojos del Aguila de Veracruz where he went 18-2 with a 0.90 ERA as a pitcher, while winning the batting title with a .387 average.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The speed at which something falls, due to gravity, depends on factors such as the geolocation and the surrounding landscape in proximity to the falling body.
Wikipedia page: Gravity (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Specifics | Earth's gravity
text: The rate of acceleration of falling objects near the Earth's surface varies very slightly depending on latitude, surface features such as mountains and ridges, and perhaps unusually high or low sub-surface densities.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Eiffel Tower the most popular free tourist location in the world.
Wikipedia page: Eiffel Tower (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The Eiffel Tower is the most-visited paid monument in the world; 6.91 million people ascended it in 2015.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Adele grew up without her father.
Wikipedia page: Adele (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: Evans left when Adele was two, leaving her mother to raise her.
section_header: Early life
text: Adele Laurie Blue Adkins was born on 5 May 1988 in Tottenham, London, to an English mother, Penny Adkins, and a Welsh father, Marc Evans.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Simón Bolívar led six countries to independence.
Wikipedia page: Simón Bolívar (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: iv-ər, -⁠ar also US:  BOH-liv-ar) and also colloquially as El Libertador,  or the Liberator, was a Venezuelan military and political leader who led what are currently the countries of Venezuela, Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Panama to independence from the Spanish Empire.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: There is a Buddhist memorial located in Seattle.
Wikipedia page: The Killing Fields (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Legacy
text: A survivor of the genocide, Dara Duong, founded The Killing Fields Museum in Seattle, Washington, US.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Rip van Winkle by Washington Irving was not written in the United States.
Wikipedia page: Rip van Winkle (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Inspired by a conversation on nostalgia with his American expatriate brother-in-law, Irving wrote the story while temporarily living in Birmingham, England.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Seneca Falls Convention was about rights of females.
Wikipedia page: Seneca Falls Convention (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: It advertised itself as "a convention to discuss the social, civil, and religious condition and rights of woman".
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Naked and the Dead is the author's first novel.
Wikipedia page: The Naked and the Dead (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The Naked and the Dead is the debut novel by Norman Mailer, published in 1948 by Rinehart & Company.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The cast includes Peter O'Toole not Marlon Brando.
Wikipedia page: Lawrence of Arabia (film) (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The film stars Peter O'Toole in the title role with Alec Guinness playing Prince Faisal.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Johnny proposed to Vickie Chesser, who was a hand model, 3 months after they met.
Wikipedia page: Johnny Bench (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Personal life
text: Four days after they met, Bench proposed, and they were married on February 21, 1975.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Stan Coveleski birthplace is in Pennsylvania and was one of nine kids that was drafted by the Cleveland Indians, an AL team.
Wikipedia page: Stan Coveleski (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Early years
text: Stanislaus Anthony Kowalewski was born in Shamokin, Pennsylvania, one of eight children of Anthony (1845–1929) and Ann (Racicz) Kowalewski (1850–1919), who had immigrated from Russian Poland in the early 1870s.
section_header: Summary
text: March 20, 1984) was an American right-handed pitcher in Major League Baseball who played for four American League (AL) teams between 1912 and 1928, primarily the Cleveland Indians.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The 1980 film Fame directed by Alan Parker was the first musical produced by United Artists.
Wikipedia page: Fame (1980 film) (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Aftermath and legacy
text: Fame was the last musical film to be produced by MGM, before the studio merged with United Artists in 1981.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Goldmark was birthed in Austria.
Wikipedia page: Karl Goldmark (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Karl Goldmark (born Károly Goldmark, Keszthely, May 18, 1830 – Vienna, January 2, 1915) was a Hungarian-born Viennese composer.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Lee espoused his achievements to his honing of three main parts of himself: mind, body and soul.
Wikipedia page: Bruce Lee (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Fitness and nutrition
text: At the same time, with respect to balance, Lee maintained that mental and spiritual preparation are fundamental to the success of physical training in martial arts skills.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Joe Kelley is a first generation Italian-American.
Wikipedia page: Joe Kelley (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: Kelley's parents emigrated to the United States from Ireland, and he had five siblings.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Chiang Kai-shek had many names.
Wikipedia page: Chiang Kai-shek (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Names
text: Like many other Chinese historical figures, Chiang used several names throughout his life.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Alexander Cartwright was a founder of a professional baseball team.
Wikipedia page: Alexander Cartwright (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Alexander Joy Cartwright Jr. (April 17, 1820 – July 12, 1892) was a founding member of the New York Knickerbockers Base Ball Club in the 1840s.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Konark Sun Temple is an Indian temple that received it name from a god.
Wikipedia page: Konark Sun Temple (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Konark Sun Temple (Konark Surya Mandir) is a 13th-century CE  Sun  temple at Konark about 35 kilometres (22 mi) northeast from Puri on the coastline of Odisha, India.
section_header: Etymology
text: The Arka refers to the Hindu sun god Surya.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Glen Miller is a musician who entertained troops.
Wikipedia page: Glenn Miller (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: While he was traveling to entertain U.S. troops in France during World War II, Miller's aircraft disappeared in bad weather over the English Channel.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Rime is also a name of a heavy metal title.
Wikipedia page: The Rime of the Ancient Mariner (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: In popular culture
text: The Iron Maiden song "Rime of the Ancient Mariner" from their fifth studio album Powerslave (1984) was inspired by and based on the poem, and quotes the poem in its lyrics.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Alan Arkin has had 3 different wives and has been legally separated 3 times.
Wikipedia page: Alan Arkin (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Personal life
text: Arkin has been married three times, with two ending in divorce.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: One of Mark Wahlberg's brother is a member of a popular band from the 90s and owns a car dealership.
Wikipedia page: Mark Wahlberg (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Career | Business interests
text: On July 20, 2018, Wahlberg and his business partner, Jay Feldman, announced the purchase of Bobby Layman Chevrolet in Columbus, Ohio.
section_header: Career | Music
text: Wahlberg first came to fame as the younger brother of Donnie Wahlberg of the successful boy band, New Kids on the Block.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Charles Stewart Parnell was an Irish politician that came from a poor family in Cork County.
Wikipedia page: Charles Stewart Parnell (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Born into a powerful Anglo-Irish Protestant landowning family, he was a land reform agitator, founder in 1879 of the Irish National Land League.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Henry VIII of England was married twice.
Wikipedia page: Henry VIII of England (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Henry is best known for his six marriages, and, in particular, his efforts to have his first marriage (to Catherine of Aragon) annulled.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: It is an European city.
Wikipedia page: Barcelona (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: History | Late twentieth century
text: Perhaps more importantly, the outside perception of the city was changed making, by 2012, Barcelona the 12th most popular city destination in the world and the 5th amongst European cities.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Trojan Woman is a Greek tragedy by Euripides and the 2nd of 3 playwrights about the Trojan War.
Wikipedia page: The Trojan Women (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The Trojan Women was the third tragedy of a trilogy dealing with the Trojan War.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Taipei 101 is located in Taiwan.
Wikipedia page: Taipei 101 (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: yī líng yī ; stylized as TAIPEI 101), formerly known as the Taipei World Financial Center (臺北國際金融中心), is a supertall skyscraper designed by C.Y. Lee and C.P. Wang in Xinyi, Taipei, Taiwan.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Indian emperor Ashoka the Great never had a comic published about his life.
Wikipedia page: Asoka (History)
Evidence:
section_header: In art, film and literature
text: In 1973, Amar Chitra Katha released a graphic novel based on the life of Ashoka.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Henry I's reign ended in turmoil.
Wikipedia page: Henry I of England (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Despite his plans for Matilda, the King was succeeded by his nephew, Stephen of Blois, resulting in a period of civil war known as the Anarchy.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The 1941 novel Mildred Pierce was made into a film four years later.
Wikipedia page: Mildred Pierce (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: It was made into an Academy Award–winning film of the same name in 1945, starring Joan Crawford, and a 2011 Emmy Award–winning miniseries of the same name, starring Kate Winslet.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Nirvana means eternal and used in many religious groups.
Wikipedia page: Nirvana (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Nirvāṇa ( neer-VAH-nə,  -⁠VAN-ə,  nur-; Sanskrit: निर्वाण nirvāṇa [nɪɽʋaːɳɐ]; Pali: निब्बान nibbāna; Prakrit: णिव्वाण ṇivvāṇa, literally "blown out", as in an oil lamp) is commonly associated with Hinduism, Jainism, Buddhism and Sikhism and represents its ultimate state of soteriological release, the liberation from repeated rebirth in saṃsāra.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Esters typically have a sour scent.
Wikipedia page: Ester (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Esters usually have a sweet smell and are considered high-quality solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The American cloud-based software company Salesforce.com had a security breach that included customer passwords in 2007.
Wikipedia page: Salesforce.com (Technology)
Evidence:
section_header: Criticisms | Subject to a phishing attack
text: In November 2007 a successful phishing attack on a Salesforce employee compromised contact information on a number of Salesforce customers, which was then used to send highly targeted phishing emails.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Phil Knight has distributed over half of his Nike earnings to charity and institutions.
Wikipedia page: Phil Knight (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: As of July 23, 2020, Knight was ranked by Forbes as the 26th richest person in the world, with an estimated net worth of US$39.2 billion.
section_header: Philanthropy | Other projects
text: In December 2016, Knight disclosed that he had gifted $112 million in Nike stock to charity.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Mobutu Sese Seko was a soldier who later became a leader by eliminating his rivals publicly.
Wikipedia page: Mobutu Sese Seko (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Biography | Early political involvement
text: As a soldier, Mobutu wrote pseudonymously on contemporary politics for Actualités Africaines (African News), a magazine set up by a Belgian colonial.
section_header: One-man rule
text: Early in his rule, Mobutu consolidated power by publicly executing political rivals, secessionists, coup plotters, and other threats to his rule.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Ted Lyle Simmons is an American former professional baseball player the Milwaukee Brewers drafted with the 3rd selection, of the 1967 Major League Baseball draft.
Wikipedia page: Ted Simmons (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Playing career
text: The St. Louis Cardinals selected Simmons in the first round, with the tenth overall selection, of the 1967 Major League Baseball draft.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Tim Raines was a major league first baseman.
Wikipedia page: Tim Raines (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: He played as a left fielder in Major League Baseball for six teams from 1979 to 2002 and was best known for his 13 seasons with the Montreal Expos.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Henry VII's father died only three months before he was born.
Wikipedia page: Henry VII of England (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Ancestry and early life
text: His father, Edmund Tudor, 1st Earl of Richmond, died three months before his birth.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Juan Marichal was the last of 4 children.
Wikipedia page: Juan Marichal (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: Juan Marichal was born on October 20, 1937, in the small farming village of Laguna Verde, Dominican Republic, the youngest of Francisco and Natividad Marichal's four children.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: In Mansfield Park, the character of Fanny Price has only one relative at Mansfield Park who is nice to her.
Wikipedia page: Mansfield Park (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Plot summary
text: There she is mistreated by all but her elder cousin Edmund.
section_header: Plot summary
text: Fanny Price, at age ten, is sent from her impoverished home in Portsmouth to live as one of the family at Mansfield Park, the country estate of her uncle, Sir Thomas Bertram.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: It comes from the Latin adjective punic and roughly means "new city".
Wikipedia page: Carthage (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Name
text: Greek Karkhēdōn (Καρχηδών) and Etruscan *Carθaza) from the Punic qrt-ḥdšt (𐤒𐤓𐤕 𐤇𐤃𐤔𐤕‎) "new city", implying it was a "new Tyre".
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Darth Vader is Anakin's daddy.
Wikipedia page: Darth Vader (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: He then serves the Galactic Empire as its chief enforcer until he ultimately redeems himself by saving his son, Luke Skywalker, and killing Palpatine, sacrificing his own life in the process.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: John C. Calhoun was a pro-slavery vice president.
Wikipedia page: John C. Calhoun (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: John Caldwell Calhoun (; March 18, 1782 – March 31, 1850) was an American statesman and political theorist from South Carolina who served as the seventh vice president of the United States from 1825 to 1832.
section_header: Summary
text: He is remembered for strongly defending slavery and for advancing the concept of minority states' rights in politics.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The play's first run ended due to Oscar Wilde's gambling debts.
Wikipedia page: The Importance of Being Earnest (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Their feud came to a climax in court, where Wilde's homosexuality was revealed to the Victorian public and he was sentenced to imprisonment.
section_header: Summary
text: Despite the play's early success, Wilde's notoriety caused the play to be closed after 86 performances.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Most of the previous voice actors, including Tom Hanks and Tim Allen signed on to reprise their roles but sadly, Don Rickles, the voice of Mr. Potato Head, died in April 2017, before any lines were recorded.
Wikipedia page: Toy Story 4 (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Production | Casting
text: Don Rickles intended to reprise his role as Mr. Potato Head, but died in April 2017, before any lines were recorded as the script was still being rewritten.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: John Cage learned to play the piano in California and later decided to become a theology major only to drop out.
Wikipedia page: John Cage (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Life | 1912–31: Early years
text: In 1930 he dropped out, having come to believe that "college was of no use to a writer" after an incident described in the 1991 autobiographical statement: I was shocked at college to see one hundred of my classmates in the library all reading copies of the same book.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Idi Amin is remembered as a very kind and benevolent president of Uganda who was often parodied and poked fun at by local media.
Wikipedia page: Idi Amin (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Portrayal in media and literature | Books
text: Impassioned for Freedom: Uganda, Struggle Against Idi Amin (2006) by Eriya Kategaya Confessions of Idi Amin: The chilling, explosive expose of Africa's most evil man
section_header: Summary
text: Popularly known as the "Butcher of Uganda", he is considered one of the cruellest despots in world history.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: After returning from Europe, Aaron Copland settled in Los Angeles in order to be near to the decision makers at the motion picture studios.
Wikipedia page: Aaron Copland (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Life | 1925 to 1935
text: He rented a studio apartment on New York City's Upper West Side in the Empire Hotel, close to Carnegie Hall and other musical venues and publishers.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The U.S Constitution pulls many ideas and laws from the Magna Carta.
Wikipedia page: Magna Carta (History)
Evidence:
section_header: History | 17th–18th centuries | Use in the Thirteen Colonies and the United States
text: " The writers of the U.S. Constitution wished to ensure that the rights they already held, such as those that they believed were provided by Magna Carta, would be preserved unless explicitly curtailed.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Napoleon had French roots.
Wikipedia page: Napoleon (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: "I am more of an Italian, or Tuscan, than a Corsican" Napoleon was to say and many descendants of the Italian colonists in Corsica considered themselves as such, but nothing in fact connected them to the villages they considered the "homeland", the land their ancestors had left to take up residence in Corsican cities.
section_header: Summary
text: Corsican by birth, Napoleon was born into a relatively modest family of Italian origin a few months after the island was annexed by the Kingdom of France.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Palmer participated in MLB for 25 years.
Wikipedia page: Jim Palmer (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: James Alvin Palmer (born October 15, 1945) is an American former professional baseball pitcher who played 19 years in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Baltimore Orioles (1965–1967, 1969–1984).
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Rickey Henderson is baseball player who has played for the same team more than once in his career.
Wikipedia page: Rickey Henderson (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Rickey Nelson Henley Henderson (born December 25, 1958) is an American retired professional baseball left fielder who played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for nine teams from 1979 to 2003, including four separate tenures with his original team, the Oakland Athletics.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Clara Schumann was a late bloomer taught by her husband, and she is a talented singer.
Wikipedia page: Clara Schumann (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: She was a child prodigy, trained by her father.
section_header: Life | Early life | Family
text: Her mother was a famous singer in Leipzig who performed weekly piano and soprano solos at the Gewandhaus.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Atlantic Charter was created over radio and never officially signed, but was widely know around the world and upheld as it was planned.
Wikipedia page: Atlantic Charter (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Origin of name
text: No signed version ever existed.
section_header: Origin of name
text: The nearest thing you will get is the [message of the] radio operator on Augusta and Prince of Wales.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Simmons was well known for his phenomenal batting average.
Wikipedia page: Ted Simmons (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Simmons hit .300 seven different times, hit 20 home runs six times, and caught 122 shutouts, eighth-most all-time.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Irène Joliot-Curie and her husband both made significant contributions in their field and achieved similar recognition.
Wikipedia page: Irène Joliot-Curie (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: This made the Curies the family with the most Nobel laureates to date.
section_header: Summary
text: Jointly with her husband, Joliot-Curie was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1935 for their discovery of artificial radioactivity.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Hobbit is written in a casual style and matter-of-fact-way.
Wikipedia page: The Hobbit (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Style
text: Tolkien's prose is unpretentious and straightforward, taking as given the existence of his imaginary world and describing its details in a matter-of-fact way, while often introducing the new and fantastic in an almost casual manner.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Elton John owned the same soccer club twice.
Wikipedia page: Elton John (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Personal life | Football
text: Elton John became the chairman and director of Watford F.C. in 1976, after supporting the team since his youth.
section_header: Personal life | Football
text: Ten years later, John repurchased the club from Petchey and once again became chairman.
Verdict: SUPPORTS