tasksource/fool-me-twice huggingface dataset:
Claim: The Bell Jar is the only novel written by the American writer and poet Sylvia Plath and published by Susan B. Anthony.
Wikipedia page: The Bell Jar (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Originally published under the pseudonym "Victoria Lucas" in 1963, the novel is semi-autobiographical, with the names of places and people changed.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: At the age of 30 years old, he was awarded a PhD by the University of Geneva.
Wikipedia page: Albert Einstein (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: That year, at the age of 26, he was awarded a PhD by the University of Zurich.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Henry Cabot Lodge Jr. was Vice President for President Nixon.
Wikipedia page: Henry Cabot Lodge, Jr. (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Vice President Richard M. Nixon chose Lodge as his running mate in the 1960 presidential election, but the Republican ticket lost the election.
section_header: Political career | Later career
text: In 1969, when his former running mate Richard M. Nixon finally became President, he was appointed by President Nixon to serve as head of the American delegation at the Paris peace negotiations, and he served occasionally as personal representative of the President to the Holy See from 1970 to 1977.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: One of the authors of the screenplay was known for writing plays.
Wikipedia page: Shakespeare in Love (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Production
text: However, Zwick disliked Norman's screenplay and hired the playwright Tom Stoppard to improve it (Stoppard's first major success had been with the Shakespeare-themed play Rosencrantz and Guildenstern
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Jim Bunning did go to college.
Wikipedia page: Jim Bunning (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Education and family
text: He graduated from St. Xavier High School in Cincinnati in 1949 and received a bachelor's degree in economics from Xavier University in 1953.In 1952,
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Nostromo happens in the nation of Peru.
Wikipedia page: Nostromo (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Plot summary
text: Nostromo is set in the South American country of Costaguana, and more specifically in that country's Occidental Province and its port city of Sulaco.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: It was published in 1862 by Victor Hugo and has many alternative names.
Wikipedia page: Les Misérables (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Les Misérables (, French: [le mizeʁabl(ə)]) is a French historical novel by Victor Hugo, first published in 1862, that is considered one of the greatest novels of the 19th century.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Martin Van Buren was publicly shamed.
Wikipedia page: Martin Van Buren (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Presidency, 1837–1841 | Presidential election of 1840
text: They threw such jabs as "Van, Van, is a used-up man" and "Martin Van Ruin" and ridiculed him in newspapers and cartoons.
section_header: Summary
text: In 1840, a surge of new voters — who nicknamed him "Martin Van Ruin" — helped turn out of office.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The 2019 film Jojo Rabbit Scarlett Johansson portrays the mother who teaches her son patriotism.
Wikipedia page: Jojo Rabbit (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Plot
text: Jojo begins acting out with his mother, angry at her seeming lack of patriotism.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: New Zealand is a peninsula.
Wikipedia page: New Zealand (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: New Zealand (Māori: Aotearoa [aɔˈtɛaɾɔa]) is an island country in the southwestern Pacific Ocean.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: W.C. Handy has received many awards for his work.
Wikipedia page: W.C. Handy (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Awards and honors
text: He was inducted into the Alabama Jazz Hall of Fame in 1985, and was a 1993 Inductee into the Alabama Music Hall of Fame, with the Lifework Award for Performing Achievement.
section_header: Awards and honors
text: Blues Music Award was known as the W. C. Handy Award until the name change in 2006.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Clara Schumann suffered a stroke on 26 March 1896, and died in Frankfurt, but was buried in Bonn beside her father at age 76.
Wikipedia page: Clara Schumann (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Schumann died in Frankfurt, but was buried in Bonn beside her husband.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Huldrych Zwingli was a leader of the Reformation in Switzerland and the second kid of 8.
Wikipedia page: Huldrych Zwingli (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Life | Early years (1484–1518)
text: Huldrych Zwingli was born on 1 January 1484 in Wildhaus, in the Toggenburg valley of Switzerland, to a family of farmers, the third child of nine.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: John McGraw was the coach for the New York based base ball team.
Wikipedia page: John McGraw (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: John Joseph McGraw (April 7, 1873 – February 25, 1934), nicknamed "Little Napoleon" and "Mugsy", was a Major League Baseball (MLB) player and manager of the New York Giants.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: It's believed that King Philip's War decimated 30% of the Native American populace in the northeast.
Wikipedia page: King Philip's War (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Aftermath | Southern New England | Plymouth Colony
text: Historians estimate that, as a result of King Philip's War, the Indian population of southern New England was reduced by about 40 to 80 percent.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Nast is known for designing the Uncle Sam cartoon.
Wikipedia page: Thomas Nast (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Contrary to popular belief, Nast did not create Uncle Sam (the male personification of the United States Federal Government), Columbia (the female personification of American values), or the Democratic donkey, though he did popularize these symbols through his artwork.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Despite being a French citizen, she never lost her sense of Polish identity.
Wikipedia page: Maria Skłodowska-Curie (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: While a French citizen, Marie Skłodowska Curie, who used both surnames, never lost her sense of Polish identity.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Strait got married in Mexico and had 2 kids.
Wikipedia page: George Strait (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Personal life
text: Strait eloped in Mexico with his high school sweetheart Norma in December 1971.
section_header: Personal life
text: Their son, George Strait Jr., known as "Bubba", was born in 1981.Jenifer was killed in an automobile accident in San Marcos on June 25, 1986, at age 13.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Puccini did not become renowned until several decades after his death.
Wikipedia page: Giacomo Puccini (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Early career and first operas
text: Puccini's work was favorably reviewed in the Milanese publication Perseveranza, and thus Puccini began to build a reputation as a young composer of promise in Milanese music circles.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The isolated elemental form of sodium exists in nature.
Wikipedia page: Sodium (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The free metal does not occur in nature, and must be prepared from compounds.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: American baseball player Bob Feller has been referred to as one of the best pitchers.
Wikipedia page: Bob Feller (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Baseball Hall of Fame member Ted Williams called Feller "the fastest and best pitcher I ever saw during my career.
section_header: Summary
text: " Hall of Famer Stan Musial believed he was "probably the greatest pitcher of our era." He was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1962, on his first ballot appearance; at the time, only three players had ever had a higher percentage of ballot votes.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Paris Saint-Germain F.C. is not a popular club around the world.
Wikipedia page: Paris Saint-Germain F.C. (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: They are also the most popular football club in France and one of the most widely supported teams in the world.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: In 1905, Vera Mikhaĭlovna Danchakoff became the 1st female lecturer in her country.
Wikipedia page: Vera Danchakoff (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Scientific career
text: In 1908 Danchakoff became an assistant professor in histology and embryology at Moscow University – the first woman to become a professor in Russia.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The 7 World Trade Center fell down 14 years after its completion.
Wikipedia page: 7 World Trade Center (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The original structure, part of the original World Trade Center, was completed in 1987 and was destroyed in the September 11 attacks in 2001.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Black Hole of Calcutta was used to imprison Indian rebels based in Calcutta.
Wikipedia page: Black Hole of Calcutta (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Background
text: The English officers and merchants based in Kolkata were rounded up by the forces loyal to Siraj ud-Daulah and forced into a dungeon known as the "Black Hole".
section_header: Summary
text: The Black Hole of Calcutta was a dungeon in Fort William, Calcutta measuring 4.30 × 5.50 ⁠metres (
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The John F. Kennedy International Airport is located in Queens, NY.
Wikipedia page: John F. Kennedy International Airport (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: John F. Kennedy International Airport (IATA: JFK, ICAO: KJFK, FAA LID: JFK) (colloquially referred to as JFK Airport) is an international airport in Queens, New York, USA.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Ataturk died while running for Turkish presidency.
Wikipedia page: Mustafa Kemal Ataturk (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: He died on 10 November 1938 at Dolmabahçe Palace in Istanbul, at the age of 57; he was succeeded as President by his long-time Prime Minister İsmet İnönü and was honored with a state funeral.
section_header: Summary
text: Kemal Atatürk (or alternatively written as Kamâl Atatürk, Mustafa Kemal Pasha until 1934, commonly referred to as Mustafa Kemal Atatürk; c. 1881 – 10 November 1938) was a Turkish field marshal, revolutionary statesman, author, and the founding father of the Republic of Turkey, serving as its first president from 1923 until his death in 1938.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The looking glass in Lewis Carroll's Through the Looking Glass was hung on the back of Alice's wardrobe.
Wikipedia page: Through the Looking Glass (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Plot summary
text: Climbing up onto the fireplace mantel, she pokes at the wall-hung mirror behind the fireplace and discovers, to her surprise, that she is able to step through it to an alternative world.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Los Angeles is home to 2 professional basketball teams.
Wikipedia page: Los Angeles (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Sports
text: These teams include the Los Angeles Dodgers and Los Angeles Angels of Major League Baseball (MLB), the Los Angeles Rams and Los Angeles Chargers of the National Football League (NFL), the Los Angeles Lakers and Los Angeles Clippers of the National Basketball Association (NBA), the Los Angeles Kings and Anaheim Ducks of the National Hockey League (NHL), the Los Angeles Galaxy and Los Angeles Football Club of Major League Soccer (MLS), and the Los Angeles Sparks of the Women's National Basketball Association (WNBA).
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The movie, Jurassic Park, had movie sequels like Lost World and an amusement park ride.
Wikipedia page: Jurassic Park (film) (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Legacy | Sequels and merchandise
text: Vivendi's Jurassic Park: Operation Genesis (2003) and Telltale Games' Jurassic Park: The Game (2011).All of the Universal Parks & Resorts include a Jurassic Park-themed ride.
section_header: Legacy | Sequels and merchandise
text: A sixth film, Jurassic World: Dominion, will be directed by Trevorrow and is scheduled for release in June 2021.The story of the film was continued in auxiliary media, at times even unattached to the film sequels themselves.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: It is one of the two major Sanskrit epics of Pakistan.
Wikipedia page: Mahabharata (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The Mahābhārata (US: , UK: ; Sanskrit: महाभारतम्, Mahābhāratam, pronounced [mɐɦaːˈbʱaːɽɐtɐm]) is one of the two major Sanskrit epics of ancient India, the other being the Rāmāyaṇa.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Ted Simmons bats as a rightie.
Wikipedia page: Ted Simmons (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Career statistics
text: He switch-hit home runs in a game three times and established a since-broken National League career record for home runs by a switch-hitter (182).
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Imitation Game has been nominated for the BAFTA more than 9 times.
Wikipedia page: The Imitation Game (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The Imitation Game is a 2014 American historical drama film directed by Morten Tyldum and written by Graham Moore, based on the 1983 biography Alan Turing: The Enigma by Andrew Hodges.
section_header: Summary
text: It also received nine BAFTA nominations and won the People's Choice Award at the 39th Toronto International Film Festival.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Howl was written by  Allen Ginsberg after he took hallucinogens.
Wikipedia page: Howl (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Writing
text: According to Ginsberg's bibliographer and archivist Bill Morgan, it was a terrifying peyote vision that was the principal inspiration for Howl.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The War of 1812 has a running joke that every country that participated in the war were happy with the outcome of the war especially the British.
Wikipedia page: War of 1812 (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Memory and historiography | Historians' views
text: Americans were happy because they thought they had won: Canadians were happy because they knew they had won; and the British were happiest of all because they quickly forgot about the war.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Simon & Garfunkel were an American folk-rock duo consisting of singer-songwriter Paul Simon and singer Art Garfunkel and was one of the best-selling music groups of the 1980s.
Wikipedia page: Simon & Garfunkel (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: One of the best-selling music groups of the 1960s, their biggest hits—including "The Sound of Silence" (1965), "Mrs. Robinson" (1968),
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Greenberg interrupted his career to serve in the military.
Wikipedia page: Hank Greenberg (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Professional baseball | Major leagues | Return to baseball
text: Greenberg remained in military uniform until he was placed on the military inactive list and discharged from the U.S. Army on June 14, 1945.
section_header: Summary
text: He had 47 months of military service including service in World War II, all of which took place during what would have been prime years in his major league career.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Mickey's real name is Michael Stanley Cochrane.
Wikipedia page: Mickey Cochrane (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Gordon Stanley "Mickey" Cochrane (April 6, 1903 – June 28, 1962), nicknamed "Black Mike", was an American professional baseball player, manager and coach.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Franco-Prussian War or the War of 1870 was another war that the French lost and was a leading cause of WWI.
Wikipedia page: Franco-Prussian War (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The German conquest of France and the unification of Germany upset the European balance of power that had existed since the Congress of Vienna in 1815, and Bismarck maintained great authority in international affairs for two decades.
section_header: Summary
text: French determination to regain Alsace-Lorraine and fear of another Franco-German war, along with British apprehension about the balance of power, became factors in the causes of World War I.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: In the 19th century, silver was mined in the mountains of Georgia.
Wikipedia page: Georgia (U.S. state) (History)
Evidence:
section_header: History
text: In 1829, gold was discovered in the North Georgia mountains leading to the Georgia Gold Rush and establishment of a federal mint in Dahlonega, which continued in operation until 1861.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Asoka was a protege of Mahatma Ghandi after his conversion to Buddhism.
Wikipedia page: Asoka (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Kalinga war and conversion to Buddhism | First contact with Buddhism
text: One day, Ashoka saw a young Buddhist monk called Nigrodha (or Nyagrodha), who was looking for alms on a road in Pataliputra.
section_header: Kalinga war and conversion to Buddhism | First contact with Buddhism
text: A story in Divyavadana attributes Ashoka's conversion to the Buddhist monk Samudra, who was an ex-merchant from Shravasti.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Troilus and Cressida is a tragedy and is about the Trojan War.
Wikipedia page: Troilus and Cressida (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Plot | Synopsis
text: Troilus and Cressida is set during the later years of the Trojan War, faithfully following the plotline of the Iliad from Achilles' refusal to participate in battle, to Hector's death.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Jerusalem is a holy land in the Middle East.
Wikipedia page: Jerusalem (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: It is one of the oldest cities in the world, and is considered holy to the three major Abrahamic religions—Judaism, Christianity, and Islam.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Ford played his entire MLB career with the New York Yankees and had 2 sons and one daughter.
Wikipedia page: Whitey Ford (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Edward Charles "Whitey" Ford (born October 21, 1928), nicknamed "The Chairman of the Board", is an American former professional baseball pitcher who played his entire 16-year Major League Baseball (MLB) career with the New York Yankees.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri is about a mom suffering the tragic loss of her daughter.
Wikipedia page: Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri is a 2017 black comedy drama film written, directed, and produced by Martin McDonagh and starring Frances McDormand as a Missouri woman who rents three billboards to call attention to her daughter's unsolved rape and murder.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Fanatics are people who staunchly believe in something, usually a faith, thought, or ideal, even when there is conflicting evidence.
Wikipedia page: Fanatics (NOCAT)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: In his book Crazy Talk, Stupid Talk, Neil Postman states that "the key to all fanatical beliefs is that they are self-confirming.... (some beliefs are) fanatical not because they are 'false', but because they are expressed in such a way that they can never be shown to be false.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The film stars Beatty, Keaton and Nicholson and filming began in 1980.
Wikipedia page: Reds (film) (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Production | Filming
text: When principal photography began in August 1979 the original intention was for a 15- to 16-week shoot, but it ultimately took one year.
section_header: Summary
text: Beatty, Keaton, Nicholson, and Stapleton were nominated for Best Actor, Best Actress, Best Supporting Actor and Best Supporting Actress, respectively.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: EBay still owns a part of Skype after a long lawsuit.
Wikipedia page: eBay (Technology)
Evidence:
section_header: Corporate affairs | Acquisitions | Skype
text: This eventually led to the sale of the entire Skype business to Microsoft for $8.5 billion in May 2011.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Henry Cabot Lodge served in the U.S. Senate for thirty one years.
Wikipedia page: Henry Cabot Lodge (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Lodge was elected to the United States House of Representatives in 1886 before joining the United States Senate in 1893.
section_header: Summary
text: He remained in the Senate until his death in 1924.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Electrostatic fields are always changing even when the currents are not moving.
Wikipedia page: Electric field (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Electrodynamic fields
text: Electrodynamic fields are electric fields which do change with time, for instance when charges are in motion.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: American baseball player Earl Averill played for Seattle Rainiers for over ten years in the Pacific Coast League.
Wikipedia page: Earl Averill (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Major League Baseball career
text: He played for Cleveland for over ten years, and remains the all-time Indians leader in total bases, runs batted in, runs, and triples.
section_header: Major League Baseball career
text: In a 13-year career, Averill was in 1669 games played, compiling a .318 batting average (2019-6353) with 1224 runs scored, 401 doubles, 128 triples, 238 home runs, 1164 RBI and 774 bases on balls.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Harold Baines is a sports man that specializes in trying to throw the ball past the guy with the stick.
Wikipedia page: Harold Baines (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Harold Douglas Baines (born March 15, 1959) is an American former professional baseball right fielder and designated hitter (DH), who played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Chicago White Sox, Texas Rangers, Oakland Athletics, Baltimore Orioles, and Cleveland Indians, for 22 seasons (1980–2001).
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: This is the 4th largest planet in the entire galaxy.
Wikipedia page: Mars (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Mars is the fourth planet from the Sun and the second-smallest planet in the Solar System, being only larger than Mercury.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Carl Hubbell won twenty four consecutive games which has not been trumped since.
Wikipedia page: Carl Hubbell (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Major league career
text: He won 24 consecutive games between 1936 (16) & 1937 (8), the longest such streak ever recorded in major league history.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Randy Johnson played baseball for 15 years.
Wikipedia page: Randy Johnson (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Randall David Johnson (born September 10, 1963), nicknamed "The Big Unit", is an American former professional baseball pitcher who played 22 seasons in Major League Baseball (MLB), from 1988 to 2009, for six teams.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The United States of America is the fourth largest country by total land size and population.
Wikipedia page: America (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: With a 2019 estimated population of over 328 million, the U.S. is the third most populous country in the world.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Karl Goldmark was interred, after dying, in Germany.
Wikipedia page: Karl Goldmark (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Death
text: Goldmark died in Vienna and is buried in the Zentralfriedhof (Central Cemetery), along with many other notable composers.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: In 1834, Seward lost the race for governor of New York.
Wikipedia page: William H. Seward (History)
Evidence:
section_header: U.S. Senator | First term
text: William Seward was sworn in as senator from New York on March 5, 1849, during the brief special session called to confirm President Taylor's cabinet nominees.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Frankenstein is an 1818 hideous novel written by English author Mary Shelley who had a tragic and odd feminine shape that inspired her with the title.
Wikipedia page: Frankenstein (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Reception
text: In two other reviews where the author is known as the daughter of William Godwin, the criticism of the novel makes reference to the feminine nature of Mary Shelley.
section_header: Summary
text: After thinking for days, Shelley dreamt about a scientist who created life and was horrified by what he had made, inspiring the novel.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: American baseball player Brooks Calbert Robinson Jr. married a woman he met while working who was a secretary.
Wikipedia page: Brooks Robinson (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Other
text: He met his future wife, Constance Louise "Connie" Butcher, on an Orioles team flight from Kansas City to Boston in July 1959, where she was working as a flight attendant for United Airlines.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Its location is between with four arrondissements.
Wikipedia page: Arc de Triomphe (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Access
text: The location of the arc, as well as the Place de l'Étoile, is shared between three arrondissements, 16th (south and west), 17th (north), and 8th (east).
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The term zinc comes from the Latin "zincum".
Wikipedia page: Zinc (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: History | Early studies and naming
text: The word is probably derived from the German zinke, and supposedly meant "tooth-like, pointed or jagged" (metallic zinc crystals have a needle-like appearance).
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Shape of Water was filmed in Brazil.
Wikipedia page: The Shape of Water (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Filming took place in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, between August and November 2016.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Franz Schubert died at the young age of 21, shortly after writing his beautiful two-cello String Quintet in C.
Wikipedia page: Franz Schubert (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Biography | Final illness and death
text: Schubert died in Vienna, aged 31, on 19 November 1828, at the apartment of his brother Ferdinand.
section_header: Summary
text: He died eight months later at the age of 31, the cause officially attributed to typhoid fever, but believed by some historians to be syphilis.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Dead Souls is a Russian book that is known for not having a full final sentence.
Wikipedia page: Dead Souls (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Although the novel ends in mid-sentence (like  Sterne's  Sentimental Journey), it is usually regarded as complete in the extant form.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Parthian Empire was founded by Otto Van Bismarck in the late 1100s and lasted until the 1800s in Europe.
Wikipedia page: Parthian Empire (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The Parthian Empire (; 247 BC – 224 AD), also known as the Arsacid Empire (), was a major Iranian political and cultural power in ancient Iran.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Simmons passed away in 1956.
Wikipedia page: Al Simmons (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Aloysius Harry Simmons (May 22, 1902 – May 26, 1956), born Alois Szymanski, was an American professional baseball player.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Webster's father was a countryman.
Wikipedia page: Daniel Webster (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: He was the son of Abigail (née Eastman) and Ebenezer Webster, a farmer and local official who served in the French and Indian War and the American Revolutionary War.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Henry the Navigator's father was a servant.
Wikipedia page: Henry the Navigator (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Henry was the fourth child of the Portuguese king John I, who founded the House of Aviz.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Fleetwood Mac started out in London.
Wikipedia page: Fleetwood Mac (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Fleetwood Mac are a British-American rock band, formed in London in 1967.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Howards End is a book of short stories that was released in 1915.
Wikipedia page: Howards End (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Howards End is a novel by E. M. Forster, first published in 1910, about social conventions, codes of conduct and relationships in turn-of-the-century England.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: There is no character in The Castle of Otranto that's slain by an over-sized protective hat landing on and crunching them, that would be ridiculous.
Wikipedia page: The Castle of Otranto (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Characters
text: In the first pages of the novel, he is crushed by a giant helmet on his way to his wedding with Isabella.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Emilio Aguinaldo could be considered as one of the founding fathers of the Philippines.
Wikipedia page: Emilio Aguinaldo (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Emilio Aguinaldo y Famy (Spanish pronunciation: [eˈmi.ljo a.ɣiˈnal.do]: March 22, 1869 – February 6, 1964) was a Filipino revolutionary, politician and military leader who is officially recognized as the first and the youngest President of the Philippines (1899–1901) and first president of a constitutional republic in Asia.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Iniesta is the player with most appearances since the start of his career for the Spain national team.
Wikipedia page: Spain national football team (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Records
text: Sergio Ramos holds the record for most appearances for the Spanish team with 170 since his debut in 2005.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: American theoretical physicist Maria Goeppert Mayer worked on the Manhattan Project but she was never able to become a professor because of her gender.
Wikipedia page: Maria Goeppert-Mayer (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: After the war, Goeppert Mayer became a voluntary associate professor of Physics at the University of Chicago (where her husband and Teller worked) and a senior physicist at the university-run Argonne National Laboratory.
section_header: Summary
text: In 1960, she was appointed full professor of physics at the University of California, San Diego.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The book is about a man whom is cast adrift in the sea and is scooped up by a friendly millionaire who becomes his closest confidant.
Wikipedia page: The Sea Wolf (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The book's protagonist, Humphrey van Weyden, is a literary critic who is a survivor of an ocean collision and who comes under the dominance of Wolf Larsen, the powerful and amoral sea captain who rescues him.
section_header: Plot summary
text: Brutal and cynical, yet also highly intelligent and intellectual (though highly biased in his opinions, as he was self-taught), he rules over his ship and terrorizes the crew with the aid of his exceptionally great physical strength.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Walker is a Canadian.
Wikipedia page: Larry Walker (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Larry Kenneth Robert Walker (born December 1, 1966) is a Canadian former professional baseball right fielder.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Drake is an American rapper.
Wikipedia page: Drake (musician) (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Aubrey Drake Graham (born October 24, 1986) is a Canadian rapper, singer, songwriter, record producer, actor, and entrepreneur.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Nap Lajoie was an American professional baseball second baseman for three different teams, and player-manager, was elected to the National Baseball Hall of Fame in 1937..
Wikipedia page: Nap Lajoie (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Napoleon Lajoie (; September 5, 1874 – February 7, 1959), also known as Larry Lajoie and nicknamed "The Frenchman", was an American professional baseball second baseman and player-manager.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Youtube is widely known for its best-in-class response to media which breaks its rules.
Wikipedia page: YouTube (Technology)
Evidence:
section_header: Community policy
text: YouTube has a set of community guidelines aimed to reduce abuse of the site's features.
section_header: Community policy
text: Despite the guidelines, YouTube has faced criticism from news sources for retaining content in violation of these guidelines.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Cab Calloway was inducted into the Jazz Hall of Fame.
Wikipedia page: Cab Calloway (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Cabell "Cab" Calloway III (December 25, 1907 – November 18, 1994) was an American jazz singer, dancer, bandleader and actor.
section_header: Legacy | Awards and honors
text: 1993: Cab Calloway School of the Arts dedicated in his name in Wilmington, Delaware 1995: Inducted into International Jazz Hall of Fame 1999: Grammy Hall of Fame Award for "Minnie the Moocher" 2008: Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award 2019
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Brooks Robinson played professional baseball for the Atlanta Braves and then the Baltimore Orioles.
Wikipedia page: Brooks Robinson (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: He played his entire 23-year major league career for the Baltimore Orioles (1955–1977), which still stands as the record for the longest career spent with a single team in major league history (tied with Carl Yastrzemski).
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Ferguson Jenkins was a baseball player that led the National League in the late 1960s. .
Wikipedia page: Ferguson Jenkins (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: He led the NL in strikeouts in 1969 and had over 3,000 strikeouts during his career.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Mill on the Floss narrates the life of a farmer named William Blackwood.
Wikipedia page: The Mill on the Floss (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Plot summary
text: Spanning a period of 10 to 15 years, the novel details the lives of Tom and Maggie Tulliver, siblings who grow up at Dorlcote Mill on the River Floss.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: There Will Be Blood was based partly on a book.
Wikipedia page: There Will Be Blood (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: There Will Be Blood is a 2007 American epic period drama film written and directed by Paul Thomas Anderson, loosely based on the 1927 novel Oil!
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Queen Victoria was seldomly allowed to play with other children when growing up.
Wikipedia page: Queen Victoria (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Heir presumptive
text: Victoria shared a bedroom with her mother every night, studied with private tutors to a regular timetable, and spent her play-hours with her dolls and her King Charles Spaniel, Dash.
section_header: Heir presumptive
text: Her mother was extremely protective, and Victoria was raised largely isolated from other children under the so-called "Kensington System", an elaborate set of rules and protocols devised by the Duchess and her ambitious and domineering comptroller, Sir John Conroy, who was rumoured to be the Duchess's lover.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Iron Heel is a dystopian book that has been turned into 2 different movies that came out of Russia.
Wikipedia page: The Iron Heel (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Adaptations
text: The novel has been adapted into two Russian films: The Iron Heel (1919) and The Iron Heel of Oligarchy (1999).
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Bottomley was raised in Illinois.
Wikipedia page: Jim Bottomley (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Playing for the Cardinals against Brooklyn at Ebbets Field on September 16, 1924, Bottomley set the all-time single game RBI record with 12.Born in Oglesby, Illinois, Bottomley grew up in Nokomis, Illinois.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Alexander the Great started his reign when Alexander the Great was twenty five years old.
Wikipedia page: Alexander the Great (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: He was born in Pella in 356 BC and succeeded his father Philip II to the throne at the age of 20.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: GoDaddy sponsors NASCAR.
Wikipedia page: GoDaddy (Technology)
Evidence:
section_header: Marketing | Sports sponsorships | NASCAR
text: In 2012, Danica Patrick moved from the IndyCar Racing Series to race full-time in the NASCAR Nationwide Series in the #7 and part-time in the NASCAR Sprint Cup Series in the #10 for Stewart Haas Racing where GoDaddy.com was the primary sponsor for the full season on both cars.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Although Agnes Moorehead came to be known for her 42 year acting career, she also worked in radio.
Wikipedia page: Agnes Moorehead (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Agnes Robertson Moorehead (December 6, 1900 – April 30, 1974) was an American actress whose 41-year career included work in radio, stage, film, and television.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: After he left Vienna, Johann Pachelbel worked for a member of minor nobility as the official organ player.
Wikipedia page: Johann Pachelbel (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Life | 1673–1690: Career (Vienna, Eisenach, Erfurt)
text: In 1677, Pachelbel moved to Eisenach, where he found employment as court organist under Kapellmeister Daniel Eberlin (also a native of Nuremberg), in the employ of Johann Georg I, Duke of Saxe-Eisenach.
section_header: Life | 1673–1690: Career (Vienna, Eisenach, Erfurt)
text: Pachelbel spent five years in Vienna, absorbing the music of Catholic composers from southern Germany and Italy.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: American singer-songwriter and guitarist, James Taylor, got his first number one album in 2015 despite being inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2000.
Wikipedia page: James Taylor (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: He achieved his first number-one album in the US in 2015 with his recording Before This World.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Rube Marquard's parents had British roots.
Wikipedia page: Rube Marquard (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: Rube Marquard was born in Cleveland, Ohio to German immigrant Fred Marquard and Lena Heiser Marquard.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Zillow over emphasized square footage and did not take into consideration the condition or age of the home.
Wikipedia page: Zillow (Technology)
Evidence:
section_header: Controversy and lawsuits
text: While factors contributing to estimates are described elsewhere, Zillow seemingly overemphasises home square footage as the major metric driving property valuation.
section_header: Controversy and lawsuits
text: Listings in areas where land is priced at high premiums often reflect an identical Zillow Estimate to that of nearby homes with comparable interior square footage, but where the home might be decades older.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Pius IX canonized many notable saints during his pontifcation starting  June 1846.
Wikipedia page: Pope Pius IX (NOCAT)
Evidence:
section_header: Papacy | Election
text: Pius IX was crowned on 21 June 1846.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Phil Niekro's most notable pitch was his fastball, which inspired many complaints over his career, from the Atlanta Braves all the way back to the Atlanta Braves.
Wikipedia page: Phil Niekro (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Pitching repertoire
text: His pitching featured the knuckleball, which frustrated major league hitters.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Death in Venice is not set in Venice.
Wikipedia page: Death in Venice (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Origins
text: The May 1911 death of composer Gustav Mahler in Vienna and Mann's interest in the boy Władzio during summer 1911 vacation in Venice (more below) were additional experiences occupying his thoughts.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: In the novel The Yearling, Jody's dad kills a female deer.
Wikipedia page: The Yearling (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Plot
text: Penny shoots a doe, orphaning its young fawn, in order to use its liver to draw out the snake's venom, which saves Penny's life.
section_header: Plot
text: Young Jody Baxter lives with his parents, Ora  and Ezra "Penny" Baxter, on a small farm in the animal-filled central Florida backwoods in the 1870s.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Adams had minor communication with anyone at first after he retired.
Wikipedia page: John Adams (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Retirement | Initial years
text: During the first four years of retirement, Adams made little effort to contact others, but eventually resumed contact with old acquaintances such as Benjamin Waterhouse and Benjamin Rush.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Alexander the Great became king at 30.
Wikipedia page: Alexander the Great (History)
Evidence:
section_header: King of Macedon | Accession
text: Alexander was proclaimed king on the spot by the nobles and army at the age of 20.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The chosen location of the Mausoleum is based on Mausolus' choice while he was alive, of making it the capital.
Wikipedia page: Mausoleum at Halicarnassus (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Halicarnassus
text: He chose the city of Halicarnassus.
section_header: Halicarnassus
text: Mausolus decided to build a new capital, one as safe from capture as it was magnificent to be seen.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: North Korea was annexed by another country and later split in to north and south in 1948
Wikipedia page: North Korea (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: In 1910, Korea was annexed by Imperial Japan.
section_header: History | Founding
text: The Democratic People's Republic of Korea was established in the North on 9 September 1948.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: There is another Erie Canal in Poland.
Wikipedia page: Erie Canal (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Proposals and logistics | Proposals
text: The successes of the Canal du Midi in France (1681), Bridgewater Canal in Britain (1769), and Eider Canal in Denmark (1784) spurred on what was called in Britain "canal mania".
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Walter Alston only played baseball.
Wikipedia page: Walter Alston (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: He lettered three years in both basketball and baseball.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Thebes in Greece is an ancient archaeological site and a modern market town.
Wikipedia page: Thebes, Greece (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Archaeological excavations in and around Thebes have revealed a Mycenaean settlement and clay tablets written in the Linear B script, indicating the importance of the site in the Bronze Age.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Alexander the Great took his mom to his brother's kingdom before moving on to Macedon.
Wikipedia page: Alexander the Great (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Philip's heir | Exile and return
text: At which Alexander reproachfully insulted over him: "See there," said he, "the man who makes preparations to pass out of Europe into Asia, overturned in passing from one seat to another." In 337 BC, Alexander fled Macedon with his mother, dropping her off with her brother, King Alexander I of Epirus in Dodona, capital of the Molossians.
section_header: Philip's heir | Exile and return
text: He continued to Illyria, where he sought refuge with one or more Illyrian kings, perhaps with Glaukias, and was treated as a guest, despite having defeated them in battle a few years before.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Pope Gregory VII is considered and treated as a saint by the people who practice Catholicism.
Wikipedia page: Pope Gregory VII (NOCAT)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: He is venerated as a saint in the Catholic Church.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Adolf Eichmann was trying to hunt down the guy who ran Auschwitz when he was discovered by Israeli intelligence in Argentina.
Wikipedia page: Adolf Eichmann (History)
Evidence:
section_header: After the Second World War
text: He held a series of low-paying jobs until finding employment at Mercedes-Benz, where he rose to department head.
section_header: Capture
text: Several survivors of the Holocaust dedicated themselves to finding Eichmann and other Nazis, and among them was Jewish Nazi hunter Simon Wiesenthal.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Constantine the Great thought the he was going to parish but died earlier than he anticipated.
Wikipedia page: Constantine the Great (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Later rule | Sickness and death
text: It came sooner than he had expected.
section_header: Later rule | Sickness and death
text: Constantine knew death would soon come.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Notre-Dame de Paris is a cathedral in France.
Wikipedia page: Notre-Dame de Paris (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Notre-Dame de Paris (French: [nɔtʁə dam də paʁi] (listen) ; meaning "Our Lady of Paris"), referred to simply as Notre-Dame, is a medieval Catholic cathedral on the Île de la Cité in the 4th arrondissement of Paris.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Elizabeth Tower is the new name of the Tower.
Wikipedia page: Big Ben (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The official name of the tower in which Big Ben is located was originally the Clock Tower; it was renamed Elizabeth Tower in 2012 to mark the Diamond Jubilee of Elizabeth II, Queen of the United Kingdom.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: To Kil a Mockingbird has been popular since it was first published by Harper Lee in 1960.
Wikipedia page: To Kill a Mockingbird (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: To Kill a Mockingbird is a novel by Harper Lee published in 1960.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: In Essay on Criticism, it is clear that the author believes a good writer can be trained with language alone, and needn't be beholden to copying antiquated works' styles.
Wikipedia page: Essay on Criticism (NOCAT)
Evidence:
section_header: Structure and themes
text: This is a testament to his belief that the "Imitation of the ancients" is the ultimate standard for taste.
section_header: Structure and themes
text: Pope delineates common faults of poets, e.g., settling for easy and clichéd rhymes:  Throughout the poem, Pope refers to ancient writers such as Virgil, Homer, Aristotle, Horace and Longinus.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: White played professional baseball for more than 20 years.
Wikipedia page: Deacon White (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Although he was already 28 when the NL was established, White played 15 seasons in the major leagues, completing a 23-year career at the top levels of the sport.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The war was fought in the 1850s over religious rights.
Wikipedia page: Crimean War (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The immediate cause of the war involved the rights of Christian minorities in the Holy Land, which was a part of the Ottoman Empire.
section_header: Summary
text: The Crimean War was a military conflict fought from October 1853 to February 1856 in which Russia lost to an alliance made up of the Ottoman Empire, the United Kingdom, Sardinia and France.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: John Coltrane played the Cello.
Wikipedia page: John Coltrane (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: John William Coltrane (September 23, 1926 – July 17, 1967) was an American jazz saxophonist and composer.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Bette Davis was an American actress of film, television and theater with a career spanning 60 years and 100 acting credits, the recipient of two Academy Awards, and was the first thespian to garner ten nominations.
Wikipedia page: Bette Davis (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: With a career spanning 60 years and 100 acting credits, she is regarded as one of the greatest actresses in Hollywood history.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Rod Carew was a professional MLB player that happened to come into this world on a train outside of the United States.
Wikipedia page: Rod Carew (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: a painter. Carew is a Zonian and was born to a Panamanian mother on a train in the town of Gatún, which, at that time, was in the Panama Canal Zone.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Crucible was written in the 1950s and is based on the witch trials.
Wikipedia page: The Crucible (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The Crucible is a 1953 play by American playwright Arthur Miller.
section_header: Summary
text: It is a dramatized and partially fictionalized story of the Salem witch trials that took place in the Massachusetts Bay Colony during 1692–93.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The writer named the play after the street he grew up on and his grandfather who was in the home selling business and inspired the play.
Wikipedia page: Glengarry Glen Ross (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The title comes from two real estate developments mentioned in the play.
section_header: Summary
text: It is based on Mamet's experience having previously worked in a similar office.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Johnson is one of only 3 pitchers to score over 400 wins.
Wikipedia page: Walter Johnson (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Playing career
text: He and Young are the only pitchers to have won 400 games.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Henry II began participating in his family's attempts to take the crown when he was fourteen, or younger.
Wikipedia page: Henry II of England (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Henry became actively involved by the age of 14 in the efforts of his mother Matilda, daughter of Henry I of England, to claim the throne of England, then occupied by Stephen of Blois.
Verdict: SUPPORTS