tasksource/fool-me-twice huggingface dataset:
Claim: Bulgaria is an Eastern Orthodox religious state despite having a significant Muslim community.
Wikipedia page: Bulgaria (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Demographics | Religion
text: Bulgaria is a secular state with guaranteed religious freedom by constitution, but Orthodoxy is designated as a "traditional" religion.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Lost Horizon was adapted for television in 1935.
Wikipedia page: Lost Horizon (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Adaptations | Radio
text: A one-hour adaptation by James Hilton and Barbara Burnham was broadcast on the BBC National Programme at 20:30 on 1 August 1935, with a cast that included Esme Percy as "the High Lama", Ben Welden as "Barnard", Barbara Couper as "Miss Brinklow", Jon Swinley as "Conway" and Cathleen Cordell as "Lo Tsen".
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Booker T. Washington's mother was a slave.
Wikipedia page: Booker T. Washington (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Overview
text: In 1856, Washington was born into slavery in Virginia as the son of Jane, an African-American slave.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Brazil is the only team that played the world cup each year since the beginning.
Wikipedia page: Brazil national football team (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Brazil is the only national team to have played in all World Cup editions without any absence nor need for playoffs.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Steve Jobs grew up in San Diego, California.
Wikipedia page: Steve Jobs (Technology)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: He was raised in the San Francisco Bay Area.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The term the Tropic of Cancer was coined when its latitudinal position passed through its namesake's star formation during point of the year when the Sun appears to reach its most northerly or excursion relative to the celestial equator on the celestial sphere.
Wikipedia page: Tropic of Cancer (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Name
text: When this line of latitude was named in the last centuries BC, the Sun was in the constellation Cancer (Latin for crab) at the June solstice, the time each year that the Sun reaches its zenith at this latitude.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Secret Life of Walter Mitty inspired a slang term in the UK for people that pretend to be authority figures.
Wikipedia page: The Secret Life of Walter Mitty (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: In the United Kingdom a further derived word "Walt" is used to describe a Military imposter or similar fantasist, invariably in derogatory terms.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Winston Churchill has been largely denounced for a few of his decisions when he was Prime Minister, yet raised as one of Briton's upper-class learning how to govern.
Wikipedia page: Winston Churchill (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life | Childhood and schooling: 1874–1895
text: As direct descendants of the Dukes of Marlborough, his family were among the highest levels of the British aristocracy, and thus he was born into the country's governing elite.
section_header: Summary
text: He has been widely criticised for some wartime events, notably the 1945 bombing of Dresden and the perceived inadequacy of his government's response to the Bengal Famine of 1943.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Freddie Lindstrom played on 4 MLB teams for a total of 14 seasons.
Wikipedia page: Freddie Lindstrom (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Frederick Charles Lindstrom (November 21, 1905 – October 4, 1981) was a National League baseball player with the New York Giants, Pittsburgh Pirates, Chicago Cubs and Brooklyn Dodgers from 1924 until 1936.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The oldest Chinatown in the world is found in the Philippines.
Wikipedia page: Chinatown (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Binondo in Manila, established in 1594, is recognized as the world's oldest Chinatown.
section_header: Names | In Chinese
text: In Manila, Philippines, the area is called Mínlúnluò Qū 岷倫洛區, literally meaning the "Mín and Luò Rivers confluence district" but is actually a transliteration of the local term Binondo and an allusion to its proximity to the Pasig River.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Jackie Robinson grew up poor in a middle class town.
Wikipedia page: Jackie Robinson (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life | Family and personal life
text: Growing up in relative poverty in an otherwise affluent community, Robinson and his minority friends were excluded from many recreational opportunities.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Watson has posed for Versace and L'oreal and she supplied her name for a Burberry shoe line.
Wikipedia page: Emma Watson (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Her modelling work has included campaigns for Burberry and Lancôme.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Maureen Stapleton turned to drinking as a way to try to over come experiences she had as a child.
Wikipedia page: Maureen Stapleton (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Personal life and death
text: Stapleton suffered from anxiety and alcoholism for many years, and once told an interviewer, "The curtain came down, and I went into the vodka.
section_header: Early life
text: Her father was an alcoholic and her parents separated during her childhood.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The band Aerosmith started in Boston and one of their nicknames has their city's name in it.
Wikipedia page: Aerosmith (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: They are sometimes referred to as "the Bad Boys from Boston" and "America's Greatest Rock and Roll Band".
section_header: Summary
text: Aerosmith is an American rock band formed in Boston in 1970.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Girls Generation are highly prized in their home country for their ability to make people spend money on products.
Wikipedia page: Girls' Generation (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Endorsements
text: Girls' Generation are regarded as one of the most sought-out advertisers in South Korea.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Coldplay has never won any pop awards for a music video in the United States.
Wikipedia page: Coldplay (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Coldplay have won numerous awards throughout their career, including nine Brit Awards, six MTV Video Music Awards, seven MTV Europe Music Awards and seven Grammy Awards from 29 nominations.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Chief Justice Earl Warren was an American politician and jurist who served as Governor of California before becoming a popular name for many schools and building across the United States, including California and and Texas
Wikipedia page: Earl Warren (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Legacy | Memorials and honors
text: Earl Warren High School, San Antonio, Texas Warren Hall, Bakersfield High School (the high school Warren attended) Earl Warren High School, San Antonio, Texas Warren Hall, Bakersfield High School (the high school Warren attended) Warren Junior High School, Bakersfield, California (Warren's hometown) Earl Warren Middle School, Solana Beach, California Warren Elementary School, Garden Grove, California Earl Warren Elementary School, Lake Elsinore, California
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Johnson was a right-handed pitcher and was called "Barney" and "The Big Train".
Wikipedia page: Walter Johnson (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Walter Perry Johnson (November 6, 1887 – December 10, 1946), nicknamed "Barney" and "The Big Train", was a Major League Baseball right-handed pitcher.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Girls' Generation has been compared to Destiny's Child.
Wikipedia page: Girls' Generation (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Legacy
text: CNN noted the group as a "national phenomenon" in South Korea and labelled them the "Asian version" of British girl group Spice Girls, and Tyler Brûlé writing for the Financial Times selected the group as the one of the ten most recognizable features of South Korea, the only musical act to make the list.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: George C. Scott ceased to be thanks to colon cancer.
Wikipedia page: George C. Scott (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Personal life | Illness and death
text: He died on September 22, 1999, aged 71, of a ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Rodrigo de Borja was a pope who was considered controversial.
Wikipedia page: Pope Alexander VI (NOCAT)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Alexander is considered one of the most controversial of the Renaissance popes, partly because he acknowledged fathering several children by his mistresses.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The New York educational system had a measured and well-informed response to this book's apparent themes involving Gene and Finny.
Wikipedia page: A Separate Peace (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Assertions of homoerotic overtones
text: For example, the book was challenged in the Vernon-Verona-Sherill, NY School District (1980) as a "filthy, trashy sex novel" despite having no substantial female characters and describing no sexual activity.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Young retired in 1911.
Wikipedia page: Cy Young (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: He finished his career with the Cleveland Naps and Boston Rustlers, retiring in 1911.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Despite being defeated a few times in battle, he is considered as one of the most successful military commanders.
Wikipedia page: Alexander the Great (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Character | Generalship
text: He never lost a battle, despite typically being outnumbered.
section_header: Summary
text: He was undefeated in battle and is widely considered one of history's most successful military commanders.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Irène Joliot-Curie was the daughter of Marie Curie and passed away from heart disease.
Wikipedia page: Irène Joliot-Curie (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: She died in Paris on 17 March 1956 from an acute leukemia linked to her exposure to polonium and X-rays.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: There are not a lot of surviving sources about Caligula's early reign as emperor.
Wikipedia page: Caligula (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Legacy | Historiography
text: Little is written on the first two years of Caligula's reign.
section_header: Summary
text: There are few surviving sources about the reign of Caligula, although he is described as a noble and moderate emperor during the first six months of his rule.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Glass Bead Game is a book written by author Hermann Hesse and publish in his home country Germany in 1943.
Wikipedia page: The Glass Bead Game (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: It was begun in 1931 and published in Switzerland in 1943 after being rejected for publication in Germany due to Hesse's anti-Fascist views.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Nikolai Gogol wrote it about regular Russians and their adventures.
Wikipedia page: Dead Souls (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: These people typify the Russian middle-class of the time.
section_header: Summary
text: The novel chronicles the travels and adventures of Pavel Ivanovich Chichikov (Russian: Павел Иванович Чичиков) and the people whom he encounters.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Diocletian was started his life to modern-day Croatia where his parents gave him the Greek name Diocles.
Wikipedia page: Diocletian (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: Diocletian was born near Salona in Dalmatia (Solin in modern Croatia), some time around 244.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Lawrence has never had a husband.
Wikipedia page: Jennifer Lawrence (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Personal life
text: In October 2019, she married Maroney in Rhode Island.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Stephen Sondheim was allowed to write the lyrics for the musical version of Gypsy Rose Lee's memoir, but not the music.
Wikipedia page: Stephen Sondheim (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Into the Woods (1987). He is also known for writing the lyrics for West Side Story (1957) and Gypsy (1959).
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The monument was designed by Jean Chalgrin in 1806.
Wikipedia page: Arc de Triomphe (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Design | Monument
text: The astylar design is by Jean Chalgrin (1739–1811), in the Neoclassical version of ancient Roman architecture.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Construction of the wall began using bricks, but soon switched to stone, lumber, and clay.
Wikipedia page: Great Wall of China (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Characteristics
text: Before the use of bricks, the Great Wall was mainly built from rammed earth, stones, and wood.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Debussy was an Austrian painter.
Wikipedia page: Claude Debussy (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: He is sometimes seen as the first Impressionist composer, although he vigorously rejected the term.
section_header: Style | Debussy and Impressionism
text: and suggests that the Impressionist painters' use of brush-strokes and dots is paralleled in the music of Debussy.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Alexander was born and raised in England.
Wikipedia page: Jane Alexander (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: Alexander was born Jane Quigley in Boston, Massachusetts, daughter of Ruth Elizabeth (née Pearson), a nurse, and Thomas B. Quigley, an orthopedic surgeon.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Aguinaldo led a revolution against French.
Wikipedia page: Emilio Aguinaldo (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: He led Philippine forces first against Spain in the latter part of the Philippine Revolution (1896–1898), and then in the Spanish–American War (1898), and finally against the United States during the Philippine–American War (1899–1901).
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: IBM is a company in the state of Washington with Microsoft.
Wikipedia page: IBM (Technology)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: International Business Machines Corporation (IBM) is an American multinational technology company headquartered in Armonk, New York, with operations in over 170 countries.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Dell Technologies has half of its revenue from the U.S.
Wikipedia page: Dell Technologies (Technology)
Evidence:
section_header: Current operations
text: Approximately 50% of the company's revenue is derived in the United States.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: In the tv show Breaking Bad, the teacher collaborates with his former student to sell illegal drugs.
Wikipedia page: Breaking Bad (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: White turns to a life of crime, partnering with his former student Jesse Pinkman (Aaron Paul), by producing and distributing crystallized methamphetamine to secure his family's financial future before he dies, while navigating the dangers of the criminal underworld.
section_header: Premise
text: Initially making only small batches of meth with his former student Jesse Pinkman in a rolling meth lab, Walter and Jesse eventually expand to make larger batches of a special blue meth that is incredibly pure and creates high demand.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The City of San Francisco in the U.S. state of California has a deeply conservative base of constituents.
Wikipedia page: San Francisco (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Politically, the city votes strongly along liberal Democratic Party lines.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: It was built primarily by workers from South Asia and East Asia.
Wikipedia page: Burj Khalifa (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Incidents | Labour controversy
text: The Burj Khalifa was built primarily by workers from South Asia and East Asia.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Aristotle was a man of exploration of the spherical globe's properties that did not include space.
Wikipedia page: Aristotle (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Natural philosophy | Physics | Five elements
text: Aristotle's scheme added the heavenly Aether, the divine substance of the heavenly spheres, stars and planets.
section_header: Natural philosophy | Physics | Five elements
text: In his On Generation and Corruption, Aristotle related each of the four elements proposed earlier by Empedocles, Earth, Water, Air, and Fire, to two of the four sensible qualities, hot, cold, wet, and dry.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The 1818 novel by Mary Shelley, Frankenstein, also known as The Modern Prometheus, tells the story of a scientist named Frankenstein who creates a creature who pressures him into creating a child for him so he would not be a lone.
Wikipedia page: Frankenstein (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary | The Creature's narrative
text: The Creature demands that Victor create a female companion like himself.
section_header: Summary | The Creature's narrative
text: The Creature promises that he and his mate will vanish into the South American wilderness, never to reappear, if Victor grants his request.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Some scholars question Shakespeare's own involvement in the writing of his plays.
Wikipedia page: William Shakespeare (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Speculation about Shakespeare | Authorship
text: Around 230 years after Shakespeare's death, doubts began to be expressed about the authorship of the works attributed to him.
section_header: Speculation about Shakespeare | Authorship
text: Proposed alternative candidates include Francis Bacon, Christopher Marlowe, and Edward de Vere, 17th Earl of Oxford.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The species occur as parasites.
Wikipedia page: Nematoda (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: A third of the genera occur as parasites of vertebrates; about 35 nematode species occur in humans.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Gateway of India is an angled arch-monument built in the the early 1900's.
Wikipedia page: Gateway of India (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Location and jetties
text: The gateway stands at an angle, opposite to the Taj Mahal Palace and Tower Hotel, which was built in 1903.
section_header: Design and architecture
text: Hence, the gateway stands at an angle to the road leading up to it.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: English singer Sir Elton Hercules John worked with Bernie Taupin.
Wikipedia page: Elton John (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Collaborating with lyricist Bernie Taupin since 1967 on more than 30 albums, John has sold more than 300 million records, making him one of the best-selling music artists.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Deer Hunter is a novel that takes place in Colorado.
Wikipedia page: The Deer Hunter (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The story takes place in Clairton, Pennsylvania, a working-class town on the Monongahela River south of Pittsburgh, and in Vietnam.
section_header: Summary
text: The Deer Hunter is a 1978 American epic war drama film co-written and directed by Michael Cimino about a trio of steelworkers whose lives were changed forever after fighting in the Vietnam War.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Somebody once lost their job for using The Catcher in the Rye in their curriculum.
Wikipedia page: The Catcher in the Rye (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Censorship and use in schools
text: In 1960, a teacher in Tulsa, Oklahoma was fired for assigning the novel in class; however, she was later reinstated.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Good Will Hunting was filmed in Toronto.
Wikipedia page: Good Will Hunting (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Production | Filming
text: The classroom scenes were filmed at McLennan Physical Laboratories (of the University of Toronto) and Central Technical School.
section_header: Production | Filming
text: Although the story is set in Boston, and many of the scenes were done on location in the Greater Boston area, many of the interior shots were filmed at locations in Toronto, with the University of Toronto standing in for MIT and Harvard University.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Paul Molitor did take drugs when he was younger.
Wikipedia page: Paul Molitor (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Personal life
text: During the early years of his career, Molitor began using cocaine and marijuana.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: John F. Kennedy International Airport is the busiest international airport in North America.
Wikipedia page: John F. Kennedy International Airport (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The airport is the busiest international air passenger gateway into North America, the 21st-busiest airport in the world, the sixth-busiest airport in the United States, and the busiest airport in the New York airport system, having handled over 62.5 million passengers in 2019.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Waner passed away in 1966.
Wikipedia page: Paul Waner (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Paul Glee Waner (April 16, 1903 – August 29, 1965), nicknamed "Big Poison", was an American professional baseball right fielder who played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for four teams between 1926 and 1945, most notably playing his first 15 seasons with the Pittsburgh Pirates.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Erie Canal has taken the same route since its creation.
Wikipedia page: Erie Canal (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Enlargements and improvements
text: The First Enlargement was completed in 1862, with further minor enlargements in later decades.
section_header: Enlargements and improvements
text: The Genesee Valley Canal was later abandoned and became the route of the Genesee Valley Canal Railroad.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Boxer Rebellion was caused by the Gaselee expedition.
Wikipedia page: Boxer Rebellion (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Historical background | Causes of conflict and unrest
text: The combination of extreme weather conditions, Western attempts at colonizing China, and growing anti-imperialist sentiment fueled the movement.
section_header: Historical background | Causes of conflict and unrest
text: On 1 November 1897, a band of armed men who were perhaps members of the Big Swords Society stormed the residence of a German missionary from the Society of the Divine Word and killed two priests.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: It is difficult to see the outside structure of the Alhambra in the summer because of the trees.
Wikipedia page: The Alhambra (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Layout
text: Escobar notes that the later planting of deciduous elms obscures the overall perception of the layout, so a better reading of the original landscape is given in winter when the trees are bare.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Ryne Sandberg divorced his high school girlfriend after fifteen years of marraige.
Wikipedia page: Ryne Sandberg (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Personal life
text: They divorced in July 1995. Sandberg married Margaret in August 1995.
section_header: Personal life
text: As of June 24, 2015 Sandberg married his high school sweetheart, Cindy, and the couple had two children, Justin and Lindsey.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Main Street, United States of America, which has a train station and town square, is built like a Midwest town and was inspired by Walt Disney's childhood hometown.
Wikipedia page: Disneyland (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Lands | Main Street, U.S.A.
text: Main Street, U.S.A. has a train station, town square, movie theater, city hall, firehouse with a steam-powered pump engine, emporium, shops, arcades, double-decker bus, horse-drawn streetcar, and jitneys.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Disney World has more than three golf courses.
Wikipedia page: Walt Disney World (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Attractions | Golf and recreation
text: Disney's property includes four golf courses.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Jude the Obscure was thought of extremely well by readers of its time for its unconventional characters and insights on marriage.
Wikipedia page: Jude the Obscure (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Reviews
text: Called "Jude the Obscene" by at least one reviewer, Jude the Obscure received a harsh reception from some scandalized critics.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Star Wars franchise is centered around futuristic technology.
Wikipedia page: Star Wars (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Premise
text: The Star Wars franchise depicts the adventures of characters "A long time ago in a galaxy far, far away", in which humans and many species of aliens (often humanoid) co-exist with robots, or 'droids', who may assist them in their daily routines; space travel between planets is common due to lightspeed hyperspace technology.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The country of America has had a continuous increase in life expectancy and is lowest among blacks.
Wikipedia page: America (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Demographics | Health
text: The United States had a life expectancy of 78.6 years at birth in 2017, which was the third year of declines in life expectancy following decades of continuous increase.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Singapore does not impose any tax on organizations for carbon-dioxide emissions.
Wikipedia page: Singapore (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Geography | Climate
text: Singapore is the first country in Southeast Asia to levy a carbon tax on its largest carbon-emitting corporations producing more than 25,000 tons of carbon dioxide per year, at $5 per ton.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: There was a 30-day long party after Otto I died.
Wikipedia page: Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Final years and death
text: Otto II arranged for a magnificent thirty-day funeral, in which his father was buried beside his first wife Eadgyth in Magdeburg Cathedral.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Willie Keeler was an American right fielder in Major League Baseball who played from 1892 to 1910 until 1911, when he went and played for the Eastern League's Toronto Maple Leafs, and had 43 hits in 39 games.
Wikipedia page: Willie Keeler (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: William Henry Keeler (March 3, 1872 – January 1, 1923), nicknamed "Wee Willie", was an American right fielder in Major League Baseball who played from 1892 to 1910, primarily for the Baltimore Orioles and Brooklyn Superbas in the National League, and the New York Highlanders in the American League.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Henry Cabot Lodge did go to Harvard.
Wikipedia page: Henry Cabot Lodge (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: A member of the prominent Lodge family, he received his PhD in history from Harvard University.
section_header: Early life
text: In 1872, he graduated from Harvard College, where he was a member of Delta Kappa Epsilon, the Porcellian Club, and the Hasty Pudding Club.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: American actress and producer Glenn Close has worked in Republican campaigns.
Wikipedia page: Glenn Close (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Personal life | Interests and beliefs
text: Her political donations have mostly been made in support of Democratic politicians, including Hillary Clinton, Howard Dean, John Edwards, Angus King and Barack Obama.
section_header: Personal life | Interests and beliefs
text: " She later reiterated her sentiments about Trump, stating, "he doesn't stand for anything I believe in." In 2018, Close campaigned for Kathleen Williams and Debbie Stabenow in each of their respective elections.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Parasites survive by existing on or in another organism and adapt.
Wikipedia page: Parasite (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Parasites increase their own fitness by exploiting hosts for resources necessary for their survival, in particular by feeding on them and by using intermediate (secondary) hosts to assist in their transmission from one definitive (primary) host to another.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Ted Williams played his twenty-year career as a pitcher for the Boston Red Sox.
Wikipedia page: Ted Williams (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: He played his entire 19-year Major League Baseball (MLB) career, primarily as a left fielder, for the Boston Red Sox from 1939 to 1960; his career was interrupted by military service during World War II and the Korean War.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Joseph McCarthy falsified his military record during his Senate race against La Follette.
Wikipedia page: Joseph McCarthy (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life and career | Military service
text: Because of McCarthy's various lies about his military heroism, his "Tail-Gunner Joe" nickname was sarcastically used as a term of mockery by his critics.
section_header: Early life and career | Military service
text: He later falsely claimed participation in 32 aerial missions in order to qualify for a Distinguished Flying Cross and multiple awards of the Air Medal, which the Marine Corps chain of command decided to approve in 1952 because of his political influence.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Through the Looking Glass is about Alice.
Wikipedia page: Through the Looking Glass (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Through the Looking-Glass, and What Alice Found There (also known as Alice Through the Looking-Glass or simply Through the Looking-Glass) is an 1871 novel by Lewis Carroll and the sequel to Alice's Adventures in Wonderland (1865).
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: William McKechnie won the World Series with 3 different teams, in 1924, 1929 and 1940 making him the first to ever do so.
Wikipedia page: Bill McKechnie (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: McKechnie was the first manager to win World Series titles with two teams (1925 Pittsburgh Pirates and 1940 Cincinnati Reds), and remains one of only two managers to win pennants with three teams, also capturing the National League title in 1928 with the St. Louis Cardinals.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Death of a Salesman had ran over 700 performances.
Wikipedia page: Death of a Salesman (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The play premiered on Broadway in February 1949, running for 742 performances, and has been revived on Broadway four times, winning three Tony Awards for Best Revival.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Bacteriophage replicate by imitating a host cell's behavior.
Wikipedia page: Bacteriophage (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Replication | Attachment and penetration
text: Myovirus bacteriophages use a hypodermic syringe-like motion to inject their genetic material into the cell.
section_header: Replication | Attachment and penetration
text: Podoviruses lack an elongated tail sheath like that of a myovirus, so instead, they use their small, tooth-like tail fibers enzymatically to degrade a portion of the cell membrane before inserting their genetic material.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Arms and the Man is a story during a conflict between two countries.
Wikipedia page: Arms and the Man (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Plot summary
text: The play takes place during the 1885 Serbo-Bulgarian War.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: "Ich bin ein Berliner" was a speech by John F. Kennedy that was mocked and ridiculed relentlessly because the main phrase means, "I am a jelly donut."
Wikipedia page: Berlin Wall (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: "Ich bin ein Berliner" and "Mr. Gorbachev, tear down this Wall!"
text: The speech is considered one of Kennedy's best, both a significant moment in the Cold War and a high point of the New Frontier.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The name of the novel No Longer At Ease comes from the final part of a poem.
Wikipedia page: No Longer At Ease (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Novel's title
text: The book's title comes from the closing lines of T. S. Eliot's poem, The Journey of the Magi: We returned to our places, these Kingdoms,
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Jobs is buried in a marked grave at Alta Mesa Memorial Park.
Wikipedia page: Steve Jobs (Technology)
Evidence:
section_header: Health problems | Death
text: Jobs is buried in an unmarked grave at Alta Mesa Memorial Park, the only nonsectarian cemetery in Palo Alto.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: More than half of Vancouver residents did not speak English as a first language.
Wikipedia page: Vancouver (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Vancouver is one of the most ethnically and linguistically diverse cities in Canada: 52% of its residents are not native English speakers, 48.9% are native speakers of neither English nor French, and 50.6% of residents belong to visible minority groups.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Alfonso Ramón López had a very unoriginal moniker which was basically just "Mister".
Wikipedia page: Al López (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Due to his Spanish ancestry and "gentlemanly" nature, he was nicknamed "El Señor".
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The American actress and director Marsha Mason is not dead.
Wikipedia page: Marsha Mason (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Personal life
text: Now based in New York City, in 2018 she completed building a contemporary home on a hayfield in bucolic Litchfield County, Connecticut where she presently resides.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: American general Horatio Gates was a firm backer of George Washington.
Wikipedia page: Horatio Gates (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Gates has been described as "one of the Revolution's most controversial military figures" because of his role in the Conway Cabal, which attempted to discredit and replace General George Washington; the battle at Saratoga; and his actions during and after his defeat at Camden.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The original name for the structure has nit been identified.
Wikipedia page: Great Sphinx of Giza (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Origin and identity | Names
text: It is impossible to identify what name the creators called their statue, as the Great Sphinx does not appear in any known inscription of the Old Kingdom and there are no inscriptions anywhere describing its construction or its original purpose.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Brokeback Mountain was filmed in the US.
Wikipedia page: Brokeback Mountain (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Ledger and Gyllenhaal's casting was announced in 2003, and filming subsequently commenced in various locations in Canada in 2004.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Johnson stopped playing baseball in 1937.
Wikipedia page: Judy Johnson (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: He retired in 1937 after a short second stint with the Grays.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Alexander the Great got his name from his tutor Aristoltle until he became king at the age of 20 then his father Philip III died.
Wikipedia page: Alexander the Great (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: During his youth, Alexander was tutored by Aristotle until age 16.
section_header: Summary
text: He was born in Pella in 356 BC and succeeded his father Philip II to the throne at the age of 20.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Neptune is the seventh and farthest-known planet from the Sun in the Solar System, the third-most-massive planet, and the densest giant planet.
Wikipedia page: Neptune (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Neptune is the eighth and farthest-known planet from the Sun in the Solar System.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Burj Khalifa was deisnged to be a apartments buiding and it continues to be just aparments.
Wikipedia page: Burj Khalifa (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Construction and structure | Real estate values
text: However, over the next two and a half years, overseas investors steadily began to purchase the available apartments and office space.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Charterhouse of Parma is a story and the name makes reference to a monastery that is not brought up till the very end of the book.
Wikipedia page: The Charterhouse of Parma (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The title refers to a Carthusian monastery, which is only mentioned on the last page of the novel and does not figure significantly in the plot.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Some criticism of this film is predicated on the racism of the critics themselves.
Wikipedia page: Guess Who's Coming to Dinner (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Release | Reception
text: Many people felt that the dynamic between the Draytons and Poitier's character would have inevitably resulted in a happily-ever-after film ending because Poitier's character was so perfect, respectable, likable, and proper.
section_header: Release | Reception
text: Some people went as far as saying Prentice was "too white" not to be accepted by the Draytons.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: There have been 2 photos discovered of Christopher Columbus.
Wikipedia page: Christopher Columbus (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Physical appearance
text: Although an abundance of artwork involving Christopher Columbus exists, no authentic contemporary portrait has been found.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Henry II of England was actually born in France.
Wikipedia page: Henry II of England (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Early years (1133–1149)
text: Henry was born in France at Le Mans on 5 March 1133, the eldest child of the Empress Matilda and her second husband, Geoffrey Plantagenet, Count of Anjou.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Many of the modern theories on gravity were based on Galileo's work.
Wikipedia page: Gravity (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: History of gravitational theory | Scientific revolution
text: Modern work on gravitational theory began with the work of Galileo Galilei in the late 16th and early 17th centuries.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Jupiter is the fifth planet from the Sun, and is one of the brightest objects visible to the naked eye in the night sky.
Wikipedia page: Jupiter (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Jupiter is the fifth planet from the Sun and the largest in the Solar System.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Sherlock is an American TV series.
Wikipedia page: Sherlock (TV series) (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Sherlock is a British crime television series based on Sir Arthur Conan Doyle's Sherlock Holmes detective stories.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Chichen Itza is the Ancient home of basketball.
Wikipedia page: Chichen Itza (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Site description | Architectural groups | Great North Platform | Great Ball Court
text: Archaeologists have identified thirteen ballcourts for playing the Mesoamerican ballgame in Chichen Itza, but the Great Ball Court about 150 metres (490 ft) to the north-west of the Castillo is by far the most impressive.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Barbra Streisand's family has been in the US for many generations.
Wikipedia page: Barbra Streisand (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life | Family
text: Her paternal grandparents emigrated from Galicia (Poland–Ukraine) and her maternal grandparents from the Russian Empire, where her grandfather had been a cantor.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Wilhelm was a batter in Major League Baseball.
Wikipedia page: Hoyt Wilhelm (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: James Hoyt Wilhelm (July 26, 1922 – August 23, 2002), nicknamed "Old Sarge", was an American Major League Baseball pitcher with the New York Giants, St. Louis Cardinals, Cleveland Indians, Baltimore Orioles, Chicago White Sox, California Angels, Atlanta Braves, Chicago Cubs, and Los Angeles Dodgers between 1952 and 1972.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Sun Ra was an American jazz composer who believed he was from outer space to preach to the Earthlings.
Wikipedia page: Sun Ra (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Le Sony'r Ra (born Herman Poole Blount, May 22, 1914 – May 30, 1993), better known as Sun Ra, was an American jazz composer, bandleader, piano and synthesizer player, and poet known for his experimental music, "cosmic" philosophy, prolific output, and theatrical performances.
section_header: Summary
text: Claiming to be an alien from Saturn on a mission to preach peace, he developed a mythical persona and an idiosyncratic credo that made him a pioneer of Afrofuturism.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Transformers: Age of Extinction is a 2014 American science fiction action film, which after five days, became the most profitable film in China and England.
Wikipedia page: Transformers: Age of Extinction (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Reception | Box office | North America
text: Transformers: Age of Extinction is the fifth-highest-grossing film of 2014 in the U.S. and Canada.
section_header: Reception | Box office | Worldwide
text: Deadline Hollywood calculated the net profit of the film to be $250.2 million, when factoring together all expenses and revenues for the film, making it the most profitable film of 2014.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: American baseball player Jim Palmer was a spokesman.
Wikipedia page: Jim Palmer (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: He has also been a popular spokesman, most famously for Jockey International for almost 20 years.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Charles Radbourn was so good at pitching for his boys, that Boston couldn't keep their hands off of him, grabbing him for 4 seasons of rough victories. He stayed in Boston, pitching hard until the very end of his career.
Wikipedia page: Charles Radbourn (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Later baseball career
text: He then jumped to the rebel Players' League and spent 1890 with its Boston club and, after the PL folded, played the 1891 season with Cincinnati in the American Association before retiring.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Rogue One movie received good critics.
Wikipedia page: Rogue One: A Star Wars Story (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Reception | Critical response
text: On Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 84% based on 438 reviews, with an average rating of 7.49/10.
section_header: Reception | Critical response
text: IGN reviewer Eric Goldman gave the film 9/10, saying, "Rogue One is a movie crammed with fan service, but when fan service is done this well, there's little to complain about and much to adore." Peter Travers of Rolling Stone gave the film 3.5 out of 4 stars, writing, "this spin-off/prequel has the same primitive, lived-in, emotional, loopy, let's-put-on-a-show spirit that made us fall in love with the original trilogy." /Film gave Rogue One 8/10, writing that the film is enjoyable but does not have the emotional weight of The Force Awakens, because "no character in Rogue One was strongly compelling".
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Svante Arrhenius won some awards like the Nobel and was married more than once.
Wikipedia page: Svante Arrhenius (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Biography | Nobel Prizes
text: In 1903 he became the first Swede to be awarded the Nobel Prize in chemistry.
section_header: Marriages and family
text: He was married twice, first to his former pupil Sofia Rudbeck (1894 to 1896), with whom he had one son Olof Arrhenius, and then to Maria Johansson (1905 to 1927), with whom he had two daughters and a son.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Russian play The Lower Depths has never been turned into a film because of its controversial themes.
Wikipedia page: The Lower Depths (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Film versions
text: 1957: Japanese film director Akira Kurosawa, adapted the story into the film Donzoko (The Lower Depths), starring Toshiro Mifune, in which the characters have been moved to Edo period Japan.
section_header: Film versions
text: 1947 : The Chinese film, Night Inn (夜店) by director Huang Zuolin, is based on Ke Ling's Chinese theatrical adaptation of The Lower Depths.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: In 2012, 22% of the Ming Great Wall has disappeared.
Wikipedia page: Great Wall of China (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Condition
text: A 2012 report by the National Cultural Heritage Administration states that 22% of the Ming Great Wall has disappeared, while 1,961 km (1,219 mi) of wall have vanished.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The book Erewhon had greater sales than any of Samuel Butler's other works.
Wikipedia page: Erewhon (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Reception
text: After its first release, this book sold far better than any of Butler's other works, perhaps because the British public assumed that the anonymous author was some better-known figure (the favourite being Edward Bulwer-Lytton, who had published The Coming Race two years previously).
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: In Umberto Eco's The Name of the Rose, the maze is the library.
Wikipedia page: The Name of the Rose (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: The aedificium's labyrinth
text: Finally, the library is in the form of a labyrinth, whose secret only the librarian and the assistant librarian know.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: American business man Cornelius Vanderbilt donated a ship to the Union in the Civil War.
Wikipedia page: Cornelius Vanderbilt (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Cornelius Vanderbilt (May 27, 1794 – January 4, 1877) was an American business magnate who built his wealth in railroads and shipping.
section_header: American Civil War
text: This time he succeeded in donating the Vanderbilt to the Union navy, equipping it with a ram and staffing it with handpicked officers.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: James Abram Garfield, the 20th president of the United States, ended his presidency unexpectedly when he was poisoned in 1881.
Wikipedia page: James A. Garfield (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Assassination | Guiteau and shooting
text: Garfield was shot by Charles J. Guiteau, a disgruntled office seeker, at the Baltimore and Potomac Railroad Station in Washington, D.C. on July 2, 1881.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The 1934 book Tender is the Night was written after The Great Gatsby.
Wikipedia page: Tender is the Night (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Composition
text: Fitzgerald began working on a new novel almost immediately after the publication of The Great Gatsby in April 1925.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Handy was very influential and important in helping Blues style music reach across the U.S.
Wikipedia page: W.C. Handy (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: One of many musicians who played the distinctively American blues music, Handy did not create the blues genre but was the first to publish music in the blues form, thereby taking the blues from a regional music style (Delta blues) with a limited audience to a new level of popularity.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Don Drysdale grew up in California.
Wikipedia page: Don Drysdale (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: Drysdale was born in Van Nuys, Los Angeles, and attended Van Nuys High School, where one of his classmates was actor Robert Redford.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: In 1978 they were responsible for writing and/or performing 11 of the songs in the Billboard Hot 100.
Wikipedia page: Bee Gees (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Legacy | Songwriting
text: At one point, in 1978, the Gibb brothers were responsible for writing and/or performing nine of the songs in the Billboard Hot 100.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Ray Charles passed away before the biographical movie based on his life was released to U.S. audiences.
Wikipedia page: Ray (film) (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Charles was set to attend an opening of the completed film, but died of liver disease in June 2004, months prior to the premiere.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Tokugawa Ieyasu passed away in his 70s.
Wikipedia page: Tokugawa Ieyasu (NOCAT)
Evidence:
section_header: Death
text: In 1616, Ieyasu died at age 73.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: American abolitionist Frederick Douglass escaped slavery and became a great orator who wrote several autobiographies and was the first African American  Vice Presidential candidate in the U.S.A.
Wikipedia page: Frederick Douglass (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Douglass wrote several autobiographies, notably describing his experiences as a slave in his Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave (1845), which became a bestseller, and was influential in promoting the cause of abolition, as was his second book, My Bondage and My Freedom (1855).
section_header: Summary
text: Frederick Douglass (born Frederick Augustus Washington Bailey; c. February 1818 – February 20, 1895) was an American social reformer, abolitionist, orator, writer, and statesman.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: JD.com, an e-commerce company that sells products online, is trying out having packages delivered by self-driving trucks.
Wikipedia page: JD.com (Technology)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: It has recently started testing robotic delivery services and building drone delivery airports, as well as operating driverless delivery by unveiling its first autonomous truck.
section_header: Summary
text: JD.com, Inc. (Chinese: 京东; pinyin: Jīngdōng), also known as Jingdong and formerly called 360buy, is a Chinese e-commerce company headquartered in Beijing.
Verdict: SUPPORTS