tasksource/fool-me-twice huggingface dataset:
Claim: The Hanseatic League started in Germany and expanded to the Northwest and the center of Europe.
Wikipedia page: Hanseatic League (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Growing from a few North German towns in the late 1100s, the league came to dominate Baltic maritime trade for three centuries along the coasts of Northern Europe.
section_header: Summary
text: The Hanseatic League (; Middle Low German: Hanse, Düdesche Hanse, Hansa; German language: Deutsche Hanse; Dutch language: De Hanze; Latin: Hansa Teutonica) was a commercial and defensive confederation of merchant guilds and market towns in Northwestern and Central Europe.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Huldrych Zwingli was a leader of the Reformation in Switzerland and played the tuba
Wikipedia page: Huldrych Zwingli (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Music
text: Zwingli enjoyed music and could play several instruments, including the violin, harp, flute, dulcimer and hunting horn.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Venus is hotter than Mercury.
Wikipedia page: Venus (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Venus is by far the hottest planet in the Solar System, with a mean surface temperature of 737 K (464 °C; 867 °F), even though Mercury is closer to the Sun.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: There are many musical compositions influenced form the book, Gravity's Rainbow
Wikipedia page: Gravity's Rainbow (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Cultural influence | Music
text: Pat Benatar also released an album called Gravity's Rainbow after reading Thomas Pynchon's novel.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Rolling Stones is an English musical group and started with Keith Richards and Mick Jagger.
Wikipedia page: The Rolling Stones (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: History | Early history
text: Keith Richards and Mick Jagger became childhood friends and classmates in 1950 in Dartford, Kent.
section_header: History | Early history
text: A musical partnership began shortly afterwards.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The idea that Robin Hood gave to the less fortunate as a rule is more implied than outright stated in any of the actual ballads/stories of the age.
Wikipedia page: Robin Hood (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Ballads and tales | Early ballads
text: No extant ballad early actually shows Robin Hood 'giving to the poor', although in a "A Gest of Robyn Hode" Robin does make a large loan to an unfortunate knight, which he does not in the end require to be repaid; and later in the same ballad Robin Hood states his intention of giving money to the next traveller to come down the road if he happens to be poor.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Despite all the movies he has been in Clooney has only once won an Oscar.
Wikipedia page: George Clooney (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: He is the recipient of three Golden Globe Awards and two Academy Awards, one for acting in Syriana (2006) and the other for co-producing Argo (2012).
section_header: Summary
text: In 2013, he received the Academy Award for Best Picture for producing the political thriller Argo.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Livingstone was from Germany.
Wikipedia page: David Livingstone (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: David Livingstone (; 19 March 1813 – 1 May 1873) was a Scottish physician, Congregationalist, and pioneer Christian  missionary with the London Missionary Society, an explorer in Africa, and one of the most popular British heroes of the late 19th-century Victorian era.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Magic Mountain was originally  written in the language of England.
Wikipedia page: The Magic Mountain (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The Magic Mountain (German: Der Zauberberg) is a novel by Thomas Mann, first published in German in November 1924.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Peace of Westphalia did not end the war but it did resolve other problems.
Wikipedia page: Peace of Westphalia (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Legacy
text: The treaties did not entirely end conflicts arising out of the Thirty Years' War.
section_header: Legacy
text: Nevertheless, the Peace of Westphalia did settle many outstanding European issues of the time.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Last Emperor is a play about the last empire of Japan.
Wikipedia page: The Last Emperor (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The Last Emperor (Italian: L'ultimo imperatore; Chinese: 末代皇帝) is a 1987 epic biographical drama film, directed by Bernardo Bertolucci, about the life of Puyi, the last Emperor of China,
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Palace of Westminster is used primarily as a royal residence today.
Wikipedia page: Palace of Westminster (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: History | Old Palace
text: Because it was originally a royal residence, the Palace included no purpose-built chambers for the two Houses.
section_header: Summary
text: The Palace of Westminster serves as the meeting place for both the House of Commons and the House of Lords, the two houses of the Parliament of the United Kingdom.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Kirby Puckett expired by cancerous tumors in his lungs.
Wikipedia page: Kirby Puckett (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Death and legacy
text: In the subsequent autopsy, the official cause of death was recorded as "cerebral hemorrhage due to hypertension.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The movie Chicago stars Roxie Hart (Renée Zellweger).
Wikipedia page: Chicago (2002 film) (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Chicago centers on Roxie Hart (Zellweger) and Velma Kelly (Zeta-Jones) two murderesses who find themselves in jail together awaiting trial in 1920s Chicago.
section_header: Summary
text: The film stars Renée Zellweger, Catherine Zeta-Jones, and Richard Gere.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: A number of prominent celebrities around the world have said that the Friends tv show helped them learn English including the Tottenham Hotspurs coach José Mourinho.
Wikipedia page: Friends (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The series was nominated for 62 Primetime Emmy Awards, winning the Outstanding Comedy Series award in 2002 for its eighth season.
section_header: Cultural impact
text: Notable individuals who have also said that the sitcom helped them learn English include Liverpool F.C. manager Jürgen Klopp, BTS member RM and Belgian professional golfer Thomas Pieters.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Mad Max: Fury Road is all about people surviving after the world almost came to an end after a major flood.
Wikipedia page: Mad Max: Fury Road (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Plot
text: The world has become a desert wasteland and civilisation has collapsed as a result of wars and dwindling resources.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Towering inferno is a disaster film that, though completed and put into theaters in 1974, was only put into consumer hands years later in VHS format.
Wikipedia page: The Towering Inferno (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Release | Home media
text: The film was initially released on DVD by 20th Century Fox Home Entertainment on April 15, 2003, with a special edition released on May 9, 2006.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: There are 5 species of rhino.
Wikipedia page: Rhinoceros (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Two of the extant species are native to Africa, and three to Southern Asia.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Former president of the Boston Red Sox Thomas Austin Yawkey went to Yale but left to play baseball.
Wikipedia page: Tom Yawkey (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: Tom Yawkey was a graduate of the Sheffield Scientific School at Yale University in 1925 and was a member of the Phi Gamma Delta fraternity.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Mark Wahlberg's parents had 9 children.
Wikipedia page: Mark Wahlberg (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: He was the youngest of nine children, including actor Robert and singer and actor Donnie.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: "The Death of the Hired Man" is a poem between a priest and his wife.
Wikipedia page: The Death of the Hired Man (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Overview
text: "The Death of the Hired Man" is a long poem primarily concerning a conversation, over a short time period in a single evening, between a farmer (Warren) and his wife (Mary) about what to do with an ex-employee named Silas, who helped with haymaking and left the farm at an inappropriate time after being offered "pocket money", now making his return during winter looking like "a miserable sight" having "changed".
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The statue is made out of sandstone.
Wikipedia page: Great Sphinx of Giza (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The Great Sphinx of Giza, commonly referred to as the Sphinx of Giza or just the Sphinx, is a limestone statue of a reclining sphinx, a mythical creature with the body of a lion and the head of a human.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Certain systems have several different frequencies.
Wikipedia page: Resonance (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Overview
text: Some systems have multiple, distinct, resonant frequencies.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Oliver! the musical's first show was on January 26, 1959.
Wikipedia page: Oliver! (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: It premiered in the West End in 1960, enjoying a long run, and successful long runs on Broadway, tours and revivals, after being brought to the US by producer David Merrick in 1963.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Canada is the second largest country by total area and the capital is Toronto.
Wikipedia page: Canada (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Canada's capital is Ottawa, and its three largest metropolitan areas are Toronto, Montreal, and Vancouver.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Battle of Zama took place in 218 BC.
Wikipedia page: Battle of Zama (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The Battle of Zama was fought in 202 BC near Zama, now in Tunisia, and marked the end of the Second Punic War.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: This road was constructed as a way for traders to be safer along their trade routes.
Wikipedia page: Appian Way (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Origins | The need for roads
text: The Appian Way was a Roman road used as a main route for military supplies since its construction for that purpose in 312 BC.The Appian Way was the first long road built specifically to transport troops outside the smaller region of greater Rome (this was essential to the Romans).
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Japan is a constitutional monarchy with an Emperor which was established via constitution in 1847.
Wikipedia page: Japan (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Politics
text: The Constitution of Japan, adopted in 1947, is the oldest unamended constitution in the world.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The movie was influential enough that it was added to the Congressional archives.
Wikipedia page: The Godfather Part II (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: It was selected for preservation in the U.S. National Film Registry of the Library of Congress in 1993, being deemed "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant".
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Bert Blyleven is a Dutch American former professional baseball pitcher who played from 1970 to 1992, and was a renowned fastball pitcher.
Wikipedia page: Bert Blyleven (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: A renowned curveball pitcher, Blyleven was a two-time All-Star and World Series champion.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: A large swath of content was cut from the movie adaptation, including Fatty Lumpkin, the pony of a powerful individual that saved the hobbits in an ancient forest.
Wikipedia page: The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Comparison with the source material
text: Characters such as Tom Bombadil and the incidents in the Old Forest and the Barrow Downs are left out to simplify the plot and increase the threat of the Ringwraiths.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Parts of Charles Dickens's novel David Copperfield are loosely based on his own life.
Wikipedia page: David Copperfield (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Autobiographical novel | The autobiographical dimension
text: If David Copperfield has come to be Dickens's "darling", it is because it is the most autobiographical of all his novels.
section_header: Autobiographical novel | The autobiographical dimension
text: Some of the most painful episodes of his life are barely disguised; others appear indirectly, termed oblique revelations as described by Paul Davis.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Handmaid's Tale is set in the United Kingdom.
Wikipedia page: The Handmaid's Tale (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: It is set in a near-future New England, in a totalitarian state, known as Gilead, that has overthrown the United States government.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Not much is known about Archimedes.
Wikipedia page: Archimedes (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Although few details of his life are known, he is regarded as one of the leading scientists in classical antiquity.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Babe Ruth went to the Yankees from Boston after he broke the MLB single-season home run record in 1919.
Wikipedia page: Babe Ruth (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: After that season, Red Sox owner Harry Frazee sold Ruth to the Yankees amid controversy.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Pee Wee Reese played for the Dodgers with Jackie Robinson but did not like him.
Wikipedia page: Pee Wee Reese (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Reese is also famous for his support of his teammate Jackie Robinson, the first African American player in the major leagues's modern era, especially in Robinson's difficult first years.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Alzheimer's disease was not coined until the 20th century.
Wikipedia page: Alzheimer's disease (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: History
text: It was not until 1901 that German psychiatrist Alois Alzheimer identified the first case of what became known as Alzheimer's disease, named after him, in a fifty-year-old woman he called Auguste D.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The original 13 page manuscript detailing the rules of basketball was sold in 2010.
Wikipedia page: James Naismith (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Legacy
text: The original rules of basketball written by James Naismith in 1891, considered to be basketball's founding document, was auctioned  at Sotheby's, New York, in December 2010.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Robinson was a major league pitcher.
Wikipedia page: Frank Robinson (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Frank Robinson (August 31, 1935 – February 7, 2019) was an American professional baseball outfielder and manager in Major League Baseball (MLB) who played for five teams, from 1956 to 1976.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Justin Bieber's first songs were published on a social media platform.
Wikipedia page: Justin Bieber (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Discovered at 13 years old by talent manager Scooter Braun after he had watched his YouTube cover song videos, Bieber was signed to RBMG Records in 2008.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Alex Pompez had Cuban parents who legally became U.S. citizens making it possible for him to be politically involved in his state.
Wikipedia page: Alex Pompez (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Biography
text: Pompez was born on May 3, 1890, in Key West, Florida, the oldest of four children born to Cuban immigrants Jose and Loretta Pompez.
section_header: Biography
text: He was a state representative until his death until 1897.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Cole Porter's wife was his childhood sweetheart.
Wikipedia page: Cole Porter (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Life and career | Paris and marriage
text: In 1918, he met Linda Lee Thomas, a rich, Louisville, Kentucky-born divorcée eight years his senior.
section_header: Life and career | Paris and marriage
text: The couple married the following year.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Opponents of the ERA argued that equal rights protections  did not take into consideration women who were homemakers.
Wikipedia page: Equal Rights Amendment (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Opposition to the ERA
text: Schlafly said the ERA was designed for the benefit of young career women and warned that if men and women had to be treated identically, it would threaten the security of middle-aged housewives with no job skills.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: There are no cases in which noble gases can mix with other elements.
Wikipedia page: Noble gas (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Chemical properties | Compounds
text: The noble gases show extremely low chemical reactivity; consequently, only a few hundred noble gas compounds have been formed.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: In the story of the film Gentleman's Agreement, the protagonist has an assistant who is Jewish.
Wikipedia page: Gentleman's Agreement (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Plot
text: At the magazine, Phil is assigned a secretary, Elaine Wales (June Havoc), who reveals that she, too, is Jewish.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The reason for the French Revolution was a culmination of the king's decadent lifestyle and his willingness to undermine aristocrats.
Wikipedia page: France (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: History | Revolutionary France (1789–1799)
text: Fearing that the king would suppress the newly created National Assembly, insurgents stormed the Bastille on 14 July 1789, a date which would become France's National Day.
section_header: History | Revolutionary France (1789–1799)
text: As it came to an impasse, the representatives of the Third Estate formed into a National Assembly, signalling the outbreak of the French Revolution.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Fourteen Points was a guideline to establish harmony after the first world war.
Wikipedia page: Fourteen Points (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The Fourteen Points was a statement of principles for peace that was to be used for peace negotiations in order to end World War I.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Rivals has been adapted many times.
Wikipedia page: The Rivals (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The story has been updated in numerous adaptions, including a 1935 musical in London and a 1958 episode of the television series Maverick, with attribution.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Lateran Treaty was ratified on July 9th, 1929.
Wikipedia page: Lateran Treaty (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The Italian government also agreed to give the Roman Catholic Church financial compensation for the loss of the Papal States.
section_header: History
text: It was ratified on 7 June 1929.The agreements included a political treaty which created the state of the Vatican City and guaranteed full and independent sovereignty to the Holy See.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The play, A Doll's House sets in a rural Czech village and the opening show was performed in Italy.
Wikipedia page: A Doll's House (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The play is set in a Norwegian town circa 1879.
section_header: Production history
text: It was first performed in France in 1894.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Phil Collins dropped out of Genesis to work on his own music.
Wikipedia page: Phil Collins (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: In 1996, Collins left Genesis to focus on solo work; this included writing songs for Disney’s Tarzan (1999) for which he received an Oscar for Best Original Song for “
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Things Fall Apart is about toxic masculinity leading to child-killing, which somehow makes things worse.
Wikipedia page: Things Fall Apart (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Plot | Part 1
text: Ezeudu, the oldest man in the village, warns Okonkwo that he should have nothing to do with the murder because it would be like killing his own child – but to avoid seeming weak and feminine to the other men of the village, Okonkwo disregards the warning from the old man, striking the killing blow himself even as Ikemefuna begs his "father" for protection.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Che Guevara was considered to be one of the most significant people of the 1900s by Time.
Wikipedia page: Che Guevara (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Despite disagreements on his legacy, Time magazine named him one of the 100 most influential people of the 20th century, while an Alberto Korda photograph of him, titled Guerrillero Heroico, was cited by the Maryland Institute College of Art as "the most famous photograph in the world".
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The story takes place in the mid-west.
Wikipedia page: My Antonia (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Plot summary
text: Orphaned Jim Burden rides the trains from Virginia to Black Hawk, Nebraska, where he will live with his paternal grandparents.
section_header: Summary
text: and The Song of the Lark. The novel tells the stories of an orphaned boy from Virginia, Jim Burden, and the elder daughter in a family of Bohemian immigrants, Ántonia Shimerda, who are each brought as children to be pioneers in Nebraska towards the end of the 19th century.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Sunny Leone was trying to enter the medical field before becoming a famous adult actress.
Wikipedia page: Sunny Leone (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Pornographic career
text: She was also studying to become a nurse.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Pope Gregory I was born in the current day capital of Italy.
Wikipedia page: Pope Gregory I (NOCAT)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: The exact date of Gregory's birth is uncertain but is usually estimated to be around the year 540, in the city of Rome, then recently reconquered by the Eastern Roman Empire from the Ostrogoths.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Phil Rizzuto was a major league baseball player and did not have any children.
Wikipedia page: Phil Rizzuto (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Death
text: Rizzuto was survived by his wife, Cora (who died in 2010), daughters Cindy Rizzuto, Patricia Rizzuto and Penny Rizzuto Yetto, son Phil Rizzuto Jr., and two granddaughters.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Bedřich Smetana is a Austrian music composer.
Wikipedia page: Bedřich Smetana (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Bedřich Smetana ( BED-ər-zhikh SMET-ə-nə, Czech: [ˈbɛdr̝ɪx ˈsmɛtana] (listen); 2 March 1824 – 12 May 1884) was a Czech composer who pioneered the development of a musical style that became closely identified with his country's aspirations to independent statehood.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Bacteriophage does not reproduce in the bacteria.
Wikipedia page: Bacteriophage (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: A bacteriophage (), also known informally as a phage (), is a virus that infects and replicates within bacteria and archaea.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The actress Natalie Portman has dual citizenship with Israel and the United States of America and was born in Jerusalem.
Wikipedia page: Natalie Portman (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Life and career | Background
text: Portman was born on June 9, 1981, in Jerusalem to Jewish parents.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Furious 7 was delayed because one of the actors died.
Wikipedia page: Furious 7 (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Production | Filming
text: On November 30, 2013, while on a break for the Thanksgiving holiday, Walker, who portrayed Brian O'Conner, died in a single-vehicle accident.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Netherlands national football team began in 1905 and was ran by the Royal Dutch Football Association until 2011.
Wikipedia page: Netherlands national football team (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The Netherlands national football team (Dutch: Het Nederlands Elftal) has represented the Netherlands in international football matches since 1905.
section_header: History | Beginnings: 1905–1969
text: The players were selected by a five-member commission from the Dutch Football Association.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The term utopia was derived from a 1561 novel about a fictitious country.
Wikipedia page: Utopia (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The term was coined by Sir Thomas More for his 1516 book Utopia, describing a fictional island society in the south Atlantic Ocean off the coast of South America.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Samuel Barber's family was very poor.
Wikipedia page: Samuel Barber (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Biography | Early years
text: He was born into a comfortable, educated, social, and distinguished American family.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Adele was born in the capital of England.
Wikipedia page: Adele (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: Adele Laurie Blue Adkins was born on 5 May 1988 in Tottenham, London, to an English mother, Penny Adkins, and a Welsh father, Marc Evans.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Taming of the Shrew has been adapted a few times for various kinds of performances.
Wikipedia page: The Taming of the Shrew (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The Taming of the Shrew has been adapted numerous times for stage, screen, opera, ballet, and musical theatre; perhaps the most famous adaptations being Cole Porter's Kiss Me, Kate;  McLintock!, a 1963 American western and comedy film, starring John Wayne and Maureen O'Hara and the 1967 film of the play, starring Elizabeth Taylor and Richard Burton.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Ray Schalk was a rather small man, and as a catcher, gained a reputation for inflexibility. Often he simply couldn't perform if he was not paired with a pitcher that would cooperate with his preferences.
Wikipedia page: Ray Schalk (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Known for his fine handling of pitchers and outstanding defensive ability, Schalk was considered the greatest defensive catcher of his era.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: George VI like to smoke which eventually led to complications and his passing.
Wikipedia page: George VI (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: He was beset by smoking-related health problems in the later years of his reign and died of coronary thrombosis in 1952.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Carl Orff, like his father who was an officer, joined the military during WWI. As a classically trained musician and composer, he was almost murdered by dirt.
Wikipedia page: Carl Orff (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Life | World War I
text: He then served in the German Army during World War I, when he was severely injured and nearly killed when a trench caved in.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Red Badge of Courage has never been out of print.
Wikipedia page: The Red Badge of Courage (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: It has never been out of print and is now thought to be Crane's most important work and a major American text.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Treaty of Utrecht was created to unsure that France and Spain did not form alliances due to sharing a central monarch.
Wikipedia page: Treaty of Utrecht (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Aftermath
text: The Treaty stipulated that "because of the great danger which threatened the liberty and safety of all Europe, from the too close conjunction of the kingdoms of Spain and France, ... one and the same person should never become King of both kingdoms".
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Kramer vs. Kramer is a well known musical that was performed in 1978.
Wikipedia page: Kramer vs. Kramer (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Kramer vs. Kramer is a 1979 American legal drama film written and directed by Robert Benton, based on Avery Corman's 1977 novel of the same name.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: One of Linkin Park's vocalists ended himself by a combination of strangulation and gravity.
Wikipedia page: Linkin Park (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: History | 2015–2017: One More Light and Bennington's death
text: The band's seventh album, One More Light, was released on May 19, 2017.Bennington died on July 20, 2017; his death was ruled a suicide by hanging.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The tragedy by William Shakespeare, Antony and Cleopatra, was written between 1603 and 1607.
Wikipedia page: Antony and Cleopatra (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Date and text
text: Many scholars believe it was written in 1606–07, although some researchers have argued for an earlier dating, around 1603–04.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Green Mountain Boys was a religious group in NY.
Wikipedia page: Green Mountain Boys (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The Green Mountain Boys was a militia organization first established in the late 1760s in the territory between the British provinces of New York and New Hampshire, known as the New Hampshire Grants and later in 1777 as the Vermont Republic (which later became the state of Vermont).
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The lighthouse was rendered unusable thanks to typhoons.
Wikipedia page: Lighthouse of Alexandria (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The lighthouse was severely damaged by three earthquakes between AD 956 and 1323 and became an abandoned ruin.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Dorr Rebellion in Canada had to do with rural areas having too much power.
Wikipedia page: Dorr Rebellion (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The Dorr Rebellion (1841–1842) was an attempt by middle-class residents to force broader democracy in the U.S. state of Rhode Island, where a small rural elite was in control of government.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: When an embryo grows, the parts of it that eventually surround the yolk sac are the beginning of the gastrointestinal tract in an adult human.
Wikipedia page: Stomach (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Development
text: The enveloped portions form the basis for the adult gastrointestinal tract.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Menotti is buried in Italy.
Wikipedia page: Gian Carlo Menotti (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: He was buried in East Lothian, Scotland.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Switzerland is a federal republic and is a landlocked country .
Wikipedia page: Switzerland (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: It is a federal republic composed of 26 cantons, with federal authorities based in Bern.
section_header: Summary
text: Switzerland is a landlocked country bordered by Italy to the south, France to the west, Germany to the north, and Austria and Liechtenstein to the east.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Tristram Shandy was a novel that was published in eight volumes.
Wikipedia page: Tristram Shandy (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: It was published in nine volumes, the first two appearing in 1759, and seven others following over the next seven years (vols. 3 and 4, 1761; vols.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Jefferson Davis was a Confederate president who was also the US Secretary of Defense.
Wikipedia page: Jefferson Davis (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: He previously served as the United States Secretary of War from 1853 to 1857 under President Franklin Pierce.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Who Framed Roger Rabbit was set in 1920 in Hollywood.
Wikipedia page: Who Framed Roger Rabbit (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Set in a 1947 version of Hollywood where cartoon characters and people co-exist, the film follows Eddie Valiant, a private investigator who must exonerate Roger Rabbit, a "Toon" (i.e., cartoon character) who is accused of murdering a wealthy businessman.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Maureen Stapleton is an Oscar-winning actress.
Wikipedia page: Maureen Stapleton (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Career
text: She won the Best Supporting Actress Oscar for Reds (1981), directed by Warren Beatty, in which she portrayed the Lithuanian-born anarchist, Emma Goldman.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Berlin Wall's main purpose was to stop the citizens on the East of Berlin from migrating to the West.
Wikipedia page: Berlin Wall (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Construction begins, 1961 | Immediate effects
text: Most people believed that the Wall was mainly a means of preventing the citizens of East Germany from entering or fleeing to West Berlin.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Albert Bacon Fall lived in New Mexico Territory, where he served in the New Mexico House of Representatives and as a Senator.
Wikipedia page: Albert B. Fall (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Albert Bacon Fall (November 26, 1861 – November 30, 1944) was a United States Senator from New Mexico and the Secretary of the Interior under President Warren G. Harding, infamous for his involvement in the Teapot Dome scandal.
section_header: Early life and family
text: He tried Oklahoma and Texas, but eventually he settled in Las Cruces, New Mexico Territory, where he practiced law.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Maggie Smith is an English actress who has more than 60 years in the acts.
Wikipedia page: Maggie Smith (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: She has had an extensive career on stage, film, and television which began in the mid-1950s.
section_header: Summary
text: Dame Margaret Natalie Smith (born 28 December 1934) is an English actress.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Barry Sullivan was one of the cast members in the movie The Bad and the Beautiful.
Wikipedia page: The Bad and the Beautiful (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The Bad and the Beautiful is a 1952 American melodrama that tells the story of a film producer who alienates all around him.
section_header: Summary
text: It stars Lana Turner, Kirk Douglas, Walter Pidgeon, Dick Powell, Barry Sullivan, Gloria Grahame and Gilbert Roland.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Louis Brandeis believed that people shouldn't expect their lives to be private because the modern age made it easy for everyone to know everything about everyone else.
Wikipedia page: Louis Brandeis (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Early career in law | Privacy law
text: Building on diverse analogies in the law of defamation, of literary property, and of eavesdropping, Brandeis argued that the central, if unarticulated, interest protected in these fields was an interest in personal integrity, "the right to be let alone," that ought to be secured against invasion except for some compelling reason of public welfare.
section_header: Early career in law | Privacy law
text: Brandeis defined modern notions of the individual right to privacy in a path-breaking article he published with his partner, Warren, in the Harvard Law Review of December 15, 1890, on "The Right to Privacy." Stimulated by anger at offensive publicity concerning the social activities of Warren's family, it suggested a new legal concept that has had lasting influence.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Ode to Joy, written by the Rhodesian poet Schiller, was composed in celebration when he was staying in Gohlis, Leipzig and he received written news of his first son's birth.
Wikipedia page: Ode to Joy (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: The poem
text: Despite the lasting popularity of the ode, Schiller himself regarded it as a failure later in his life, going so far as to call it "detached from reality" and "of value maybe for us two, but not for the world, nor for the art of poetry" in an 1800 letter to his long-time friend and patron Christian Gottfried Körner (whose friendship had originally inspired him to write the ode).
section_header: Summary
text: "Ode to Joy" (German: "An die Freude" [an diː ˈfʁɔʏdə]) is an ode written in the summer of 1785 by German poet, playwright, and historian Friedrich Schiller and published the following year in Thalia.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Rotifers were 1st described in 1693.
Wikipedia page: Rotifera (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: They were first described by Rev. John Harris in 1696, and other forms were described by Antonie van Leeuwenhoek in 1703.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Haiti is a Spanish speaking Caribbean country.
Wikipedia page: Haiti (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Demographics | Languages
text: The two official languages of Haiti are French and Haitian Creole.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Williams passed from complications due to a bad car accident.
Wikipedia page: Dick Williams (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Personal life and death
text: Dick Williams died of a ruptured aortic aneurysm at a hospital near his home in Henderson, Nevada on July 7, 2011.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Tutankhamun rejected the god his father insisted Egypt follow after he became pharaoh.
Wikipedia page: Tutankhamun (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Campaigns, monuments and construction
text: He ended the worship of the god Aten and restored the god Amun to supremacy.
section_header: Reign | End of Armarna period
text: He renounced the god Aten, relegating it to obscurity and returned Egyptian religion to its polytheistic form.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The stadium was built as the first large multi-purpose stadium in Atlanta.
Wikipedia page: Mercedes-Benz Stadium (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Major events | Concerts
text: Since the first concert, efforts were made to improve the acoustics in the stadium.
section_header: History | Additional construction and renovations | Pedestrian bridge
text: A pedestrian bridge was planned but not originally opened when the stadium first opened.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Jane Wyman changed her name and divorced a president.
Wikipedia page: Jane Wyman (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Jane Wyman (WY-MEN; born Sarah Jane Mayfield; January 5, 1917 – September 10, 2007) was an American actress, singer, dancer, and philanthropist.
section_header: Summary
text: They married in 1940 and divorced in 1948.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Milwaukee Brewers were the first team that Paul Molitor played with in the major leagues, but he rejected their offer as being too low during contract negotiations later.
Wikipedia page: Paul Molitor (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Playing career | Toronto Blue Jays
text: Although Molitor wanted to remain with Milwaukee when he became a free agent after the 1992 season, the franchise offered him a one-year contract with a $900,000 pay cut (to $2.5 million), while the Toronto Blue Jays offered a three-year, $13 million ($23,000,000 in current dollar terms) deal, leading to his signing with the Blue Jays.
section_header: Early life
text: He signed with the Brewers and began his professional career in Iowa, playing for the Class A Burlington Bees of the Midwest League.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Hitachi is a Japanese company founded in Tokyo.
Wikipedia page: Hitachi (Technology)
Evidence:
section_header: History
text: Hitachi was founded in 1910 by electrical engineer Namihei Odaira in Ibaraki Prefecture.
section_header: History
text: Odaira moved headquarters to Tokyo in 1918.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Claudio Monteverdi's works are often performed.
Wikipedia page: Claudio Monteverdi (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: He is now established both as a significant influence in European musical history and as a composer whose works are regularly performed and recorded.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Transformers movie first showing was in Montreal.
Wikipedia page: Transformers: Dark of the Moon (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Dark of the Moon employed both regular 35mm film cameras and specially-developed 3-D cameras, with filming locations in Chicago, Florida, Indiana, Milwaukee, Moscow, and Washington,
section_header: Release
text: Transformers: Dark of the Moon first premiered at the Moscow International Film Festival on June 23, 2011.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: John Cage's lover outlived him.
Wikipedia page: John Cage (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: He was also instrumental in the development of modern dance, mostly through his association with choreographer Merce Cunningham, who was also Cage's romantic partner for most of their lives.
section_header: Life | 1987–92: Final years and death
text: Merce Cunningham lived a further 17 years, dying of natural causes in July 2009.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Paris has the biggest Chinatown of the European continent.
Wikipedia page: Chinatown (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Locations | Europe
text: The Chinatown in Paris, located in the 13th arrondissement, is the largest in Europe, where many Vietnamese – specifically ethnic Chinese refugees from Vietnam – have settled and in Belleville in the northeast of Paris as well as in Lyon.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Lefty Groove was a baseball player who won over 290 games.
Wikipedia page: Lefty Grove (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Overall, Grove won 300 games in his 17-year MLB career.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Frederic March's mother was English.
Wikipedia page: Fredric March (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: March was born in Racine, Wisconsin, the son of Cora Brown Marcher (1863–1936), a schoolteacher from England, and John F. Bickel (1859–1941), a devout Presbyterian Church elder who worked in the wholesale hardware business.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Nolan Ryan was nominated for the Hall of Fame but was never inducted.
Wikipedia page: Nolan Ryan (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Legacy
text: He was the first Hall of Famer inducted as a Ranger.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: One of children of Giovanni Caboto grew up to be a sea voyager.
Wikipedia page: John Cabot (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: John Cabot (Italian: Giovanni Caboto [dʒoˈvanni kaˈbɔːto]; c. 1450 – c. 1500) was an Italian navigator and explorer.
section_header: Sebastian Cabot's voyages
text: Sebastian Cabot, one of John's sons, also became an explorer, later making at least one voyage to North America.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: McCovey was referred to as "Stretch" and also had 2 other names that he was called occasionally.
Wikipedia page: Willie McCovey (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Known as  "Stretch" during his playing days, and later also nicknamed "Mac" and "Willie Mac,".
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Fighter's internal documentary is about the struggles of an aging boxer to get fit enough to step into the ring.
Wikipedia page: The Fighter (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Plot
text: On the night of the HBO documentary's airing, Dicky's family, and Dicky himself in prison, are horrified to see that it is called Crack in America and depicts how crack addiction ruined Dicky's career and life.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Fate of the Furious is a sequel to Furious 7.
Wikipedia page: The Fate of the Furious (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: A sequel to 2015's Furious 7, it is the eighth installment in the Fast & Furious franchise and stars Vin Diesel, Dwayne Johnson, Jason Statham, Michelle Rodriguez, Tyrese Gibson, Chris "Ludacris" Bridges, Scott Eastwood, Nathalie Emmanuel, Elsa Pataky, Kurt Russell, and Charlize Theron.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Sphinx has the head of a man and the rest of him is a panther.
Wikipedia page: Great Sphinx of Giza (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The Great Sphinx of Giza, commonly referred to as the Sphinx of Giza or just the Sphinx, is a limestone statue of a reclining sphinx, a mythical creature with the body of a lion and the head of a human.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Is a book about the issues of a group in ancient India.
Wikipedia page: Mahabharata (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The Mahābhārata (US: , UK: ; Sanskrit: महाभारतम्, Mahābhāratam, pronounced [mɐɦaːˈbʱaːrɐtɐm]) is one of the two major Sanskrit epics of ancient India, the other being the Rāmāyaṇa.
section_header: Summary
text: It narrates the struggle between two groups of cousins in the Kurukshetra War and the fates of the Kaurava and the Pāṇḍava princes and their successors.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The stones of the monument stand at around 13 feet high.
Wikipedia page: Stonehenge (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: It consists of a ring of standing stones, each around 13 feet (4.0 m) high, seven feet (2.1 m) wide, and weighing around 25 tons.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Ancient Corinth was unequaled in battle by its neighbors until the very end, when it collapsed by civil war.
Wikipedia page: Ancient Corinth (History)
Evidence:
section_header: History | Classical Corinth
text: In 458 BC, Corinth was defeated by Athens at Megara.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The House of Mirth deals with a person's worth based on society standards.
Wikipedia page: The House of Mirth (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Background, theme, and purpose
text: The central theme of The House of Mirth is essentially the struggle between who we are and what society tells us we should be.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Nestor George Chylak Jr. was wounded in the face by a flying can of pilsner during the Cleveland Indians's infamous promotion night involving cheap alcohol.
Wikipedia page: Nestor Chylak (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Career
text: Chylak declared the game a forfeit after he sustained a facial wound from being hit with a chair.
section_header: Career
text: On June 4, 1974, he was on the field in Cleveland for "Ten Cent Beer Night".
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Johnny Cash's music spanned many genre's including Gospel.
Wikipedia page: Johnny Cash (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: His genre-spanning songs and sound embraced country, rock and roll, rockabilly, blues, folk, and gospel.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Crucible is a 1953 play that won a Tony Award for it original production which later became a classic.
Wikipedia page: The Crucible (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: A year later a new production succeeded and the play became a classic.
section_header: Summary
text: Miller felt that this production was too stylized and cold and the reviews for it were largely hostile (although The New York Times noted "a powerful play [in a] driving performance").
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Calvin Coolidge became president of the U.S.A. before he was elected to that role.
Wikipedia page: Calvin Coolidge (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The next year, he was elected vice president of the United States, and he succeeded to the presidency upon the sudden death of Warren G. Harding in 1923.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Mark Twain took someone to court for adapting his book The Prince and the Pauper into a play.
Wikipedia page: The Prince and the Pauper (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Adaptations | Theater
text: The Prince and the Pauper was adapted for the stage during Twain's lifetime, an adaptation which involved Twain in litigation with the playwright.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Paul Molitor was a drug user that played baseball and managed a team.
Wikipedia page: Paul Molitor (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Personal life
text: During the trial of a drug dealer in 1984, Molitor admitted that he had used drugs.
section_header: Summary
text: He managed the team for four seasons, and was fired in October 2018.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: George Strait received a deferment in the draft for the Vietnam War.
Wikipedia page: George Strait (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Marriage and military service
text: Strait served in the United States Army from 1971 to 1975 and ultimately attained the rank of Corporal.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Howards End won three Academy Awards.
Wikipedia page: Howards End (film) (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The film won three awards, including for Best Art Direction (Art Direction: Luciana Arrighi; Set Decoration: Ian Whittaker).
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Berlin Wall helped communities to stay together.
Wikipedia page: Berlin Wall (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Legacy | Cultural differences
text: Although differences are still perceived between East and West, Germans make similar distinctions between North and South.
section_header: Construction begins, 1961 | Immediate effects
text: The construction of the Wall had caused considerable hardship to families divided by it.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Peterloo Massacre happened in London.
Wikipedia page: Peterloo Massacre (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The Peterloo Massacre took place at St Peter's Field, Manchester, Lancashire, England on Monday 16 August 1819.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Don Quixote does not know how to read.
Wikipedia page: Don Quixote (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary | Part 1 | The First Sally (Chapters 1–5)
text: Although Quixano is usually a rational man, in keeping with the humoral physiology theory  of the time, not sleeping adequately—because he was reading—has caused his brain to dry.
Verdict: REFUTES