tasksource/fool-me-twice huggingface dataset:
Claim: The leader of the Russians cooperated with the Germans and revealed strategic military information after losing the Battle of Tannenberg.
Wikipedia page: Battle of Tannenberg (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The battle resulted in the almost complete destruction of the Russian Second Army and the suicide of its commanding general, Alexander Samsonov.
section_header: Battle | Main battle: 26–30 August
text: Rather than report the loss of his army to Tsar Nicholas II, Samsonov disappeared in the woods that night and committed suicide.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Uncle Vanya was premiered in the late 19th century.
Wikipedia page: Uncle Vanya (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: It was first published in 1898 and received its Moscow première in 1899 in a production by the Moscow Art Theatre, under the direction of Konstantin Stanislavski.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Charles I of England was king of three countries and lived for 50 years.
Wikipedia page: Charles I of England (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Charles I (19 November 1600 – 30 January 1649) was King of England, King of Scotland, and King of Ireland from 27 March 1625 until his execution in 1649.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Dulce et Decorum est was written by a war veteran.
Wikipedia page: Dulce Et Decorum Est (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Composition
text: In May 1917 Owen was diagnosed with neurasthenia (shell-shock) and sent to Craiglockhart hospital near Edinburgh to recover.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Black Hole of Calcutta had Bengali prisoners.
Wikipedia page: Black Hole of Calcutta (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: 14 × 18 ⁠⁠feet), in which troops of Siraj ud-Daulah, the Nawab of Bengal, held British prisoners of war the night of 20 June 1756.
section_header: Summary
text: that, after the fall of Fort William, the surviving British soldiers, Anglo-Indian soldiers, and Indian civilians were imprisoned overnight in conditions so cramped that many people died from suffocation and heat exhaustion, and that 123 of 146 prisoners of war imprisoned there died.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Geoffrey Rush is an accolade actor and was roommates with another actor in the 70s.
Wikipedia page: Geoffrey Rush (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: He is amongst 24 people who have won the Triple Crown of Acting: an Academy Award for film, a Primetime Emmy Award for television, and a Tony Award for theatre.
section_header: Early life
text: In 1979, he shared an apartment with actor Mel Gibson for four months while they co-starred in a stage production of Waiting for Godot.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Cap Anson bounced around from team to team for the majority of his twenty seven season career.
Wikipedia page: Cap Anson (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Including his time in the National Association (NA), he played a record 27 consecutive seasons.
section_header: Summary
text: He spent most of his career with the Chicago Cubs franchise (then known as the "White Stockings" and later the "Colts"), serving as the club's manager, first baseman and, later in his tenure, minority owner.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The flowering plant stems are composed of 2 coverings and are more complex.
Wikipedia page: Flowering plant (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Description | Vascular anatomy
text: Angiosperm stems are made up of seven layers as shown on the right.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Godfather Part II took a little over eight months to shoot.
Wikipedia page: The Godfather Part II (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Production | Filming
text: The Godfather Part II was shot between October 1, 1973 and June 19, 1974.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Sancho is the more sympathetic of the two main characters.
Wikipedia page: Don Quixote (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Don Quixote's tendency to intervene violently in matters irrelevant to himself, and his habit of not paying debts, result in privations, injuries, and humiliations (with Sancho often the victim).
section_header: Summary
text: He recruits a simple farmer, Sancho Panza, as his squire, who often employs a unique, earthy wit in dealing with Don Quixote's rhetorical monologues on knighthood, already considered old-fashioned at the time.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The tomb of the unknown soldier is for the concept of unidentified corpses in the world wars, not any particular unknown cadaver.
Wikipedia page: Arc de Triomphe (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Design | Tomb of the Unknown Soldier
text: Beneath the Arc is the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier from World War I. Interred on Armistice Day 1920, it has the first eternal flame lit in Western and Eastern Europe since the Vestal Virgins' fire was extinguished in the fourth century.
section_header: Design | Tomb of the Unknown Soldier
text: It burns in memory of the dead who were never identified (now in both world wars).
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Uber opened for rides in 2011 which was the same year it was founded.
Wikipedia page: Uber (Technology)
Evidence:
section_header: History
text: Following a beta launch in May 2010, Uber's services and mobile app officially launched in San Francisco in 2011.
section_header: History
text: In 2009, Uber was originally founded as Ubercab by Garrett Camp, a computer programmer and the co-founder of StumbleUpon, and Travis Kalanick, who sold his Red Swoosh startup for $19 million in 2007.After Camp and his friends spent $800 hiring a private driver, he wanted to find a way to reduce the cost of direct transportation.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Morris is a commentator for the Detroit Tigers and use to be a starting pitcher.
Wikipedia page: Jack Morris (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: John Scott Morris (born May 16, 1955) is an American former professional baseball starting pitcher.
section_header: Post-career activities
text: On January 15, 2019, Morris was named a color commentator for the Tigers.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Gustav Mahler's parents ran a business.
Wikipedia page: Gustav Mahler (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Biography | Early life | Childhood
text: In December 1860, Bernhard Mahler moved with his wife and infant son to the town of Jihlava (German: Iglau), where Bernhard built up a successful distillery and tavern business.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Spanish novel was published in 3 parts.
Wikipedia page: Don Quixote (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: It was published in two parts, in 1605 and 1615.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Thelma Ritter is tied for 2nd for an unofficial Oscar's record.
Wikipedia page: Thelma Ritter (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: She was the recipient of a Tony Award and six nominations for Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress, more than any other actress in the category.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: John Tyler was the eighth president of the United States of America.
Wikipedia page: John Tyler (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Post-presidency and death | Death
text: Accordingly, at his funeral, the coffin of the tenth president of the United States was draped with a Confederate flag; he remains the only U.S. president ever laid to rest under a flag not of the United States.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Cherry Orchard was not the play-writer's first play.
Wikipedia page: The Cherry Orchard (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The Cherry Orchard (Russian: Вишнёвый сад, romanized: Vishnyovyi sad) is the last play by Russian playwright Anton Chekhov.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Nirvana is usually associated with Wicca.
Wikipedia page: Nirvana (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Nirvāṇa ( neer-VAH-nə,  -⁠VAN-ə,  nur-; Sanskrit: निर्वाण nirvāṇa [nɪɽʋaːɳɐ]; Pali: निब्बान nibbāna; Prakrit: णिव्वाण ṇivvāṇa, literally "blown out", as in an oil lamp) is commonly associated with Hinduism, Jainism, Buddhism and Sikhism and represents its ultimate state of soteriological release, the liberation from repeated rebirth in saṃsāra.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Uncle Tom's Cabin; or, Life Among the Lowly is an anti-slavery novel that not only was the best-selling novel in the world during the 19th century, but also had a profound effect on attitudes toward African Americans and slavery in the U.S. and is said to have "helped lay the groundwork for the Civil War".
Wikipedia page: Uncle Tom's Cabin (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Uncle Tom's Cabin; or, Life Among the Lowly is an anti-slavery novel by American author Harriet Beecher Stowe.
section_header: Creation and popularization of stereotypes
text: The novel's creation and use of common stereotypes about African Americans is significant because Uncle Tom's Cabin was the best-selling novel in the world during the 19th century.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Dutch national football team competed in the 1970 FIFA World Cup tournament.
Wikipedia page: Netherlands national football team (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The Netherlands has competed in ten FIFA World Cups, appearing in the finals three times (in 1974, 1978 and 2010).
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Mexico holds slot number 4 for having the widest arrays of plants and animals on Earth.
Wikipedia page: Mexico (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Geography | Biodiversity
text: Mexico ranks fourth in the world in biodiversity and is one of the 17 megadiverse countries.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Santop was one of the initial really famous African-American MLB players.
Wikipedia page: Louis Santop (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: He became "one of the earliest superstars" and "black baseball's first legitimate home-run slugger" (Riley), and was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 2006.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Lady of the Lake is a title used by a good amount of fairy-like enchantresses in the Matter of Britain that came about during the Medieval times in Britain literature.
Wikipedia page: The Lady of the Lake (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: In medieval literature
text: The Lady of the Lake began appearing by this title in the French chivalric romances by the early 13th century as the fairy godmother-type foster mother of the hero Lancelot.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Barry Lyndon was appreciated by everyone when it was first released.
Wikipedia page: Barry Lyndon (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Although some critics took issue with the film's slow pace and restrained emotion, its reputation, like that of many of Kubrick's works, has strengthened over time, with many now regarding it as one of his greatest achievements.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Tin Drum is the last publication of a trilogy.
Wikipedia page: The Tin Drum (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The novel is the first book of Grass's Danziger Trilogie (Danzig Trilogy).
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The poem "Ode to a Nightingale" was written over a few years.
Wikipedia page: Ode to a Nightingale (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Background
text: According to Keats' friend Brown, Keats finished the ode in just one morning: "In the spring of 1819 a nightingale had built her nest near my house.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Bacchae has never been adapted into a T.V show.
Wikipedia page: Bacchae (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Modern productions | Film versions
text: IMDb lists at least five adaptations made for television.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Grover Cleveland was the 19th President of the USA and considered a successful leader.
Wikipedia page: Grover Cleveland (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Stephen Grover Cleveland (March 18, 1837 – June 24, 1908) was an American politician and lawyer who was the 22nd and 24th president of the United States, the only president in American history to serve two non-consecutive terms in office (1885–1889 and 1893–1897).
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The book and movie, Wise Blood was written and directed by F. O'Connor.
Wikipedia page: Wise Blood (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Wise Blood is the first novel by American author Flannery O'Connor, published in 1952.
section_header: Adaptations
text: A film was made of Wise Blood in 1979, directed by John Huston, and starring Brad Dourif as Hazel Motes and John Huston himself as the evangelist grandfather.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Gregory Peck was Irish descent.
Wikipedia page: Gregory Peck (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: His father was of English (paternal) and Irish (maternal) heritage, and his mother was of English and Scots ancestry.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Mercury and his family fled from Zanzibar to escape the violence of the revolution.
Wikipedia page: Freddie Mercury (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: In 1964, Mercury and his family fled from Zanzibar to escape the violence of the revolution against the Sultan of Zanzibar and his mainly Arab government, in which thousands of ethnic Arabs and Indians were killed.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The little robot has been attributed as the mythical bringer of fire from Greek myth.
Wikipedia page: WALL-E (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Themes | Religion
text: WALL-E himself has been compared to Prometheus, Sisyphus, and Butades: in an essay discussing WALL-E as representative of the artistic strive of Pixar itself, Hrag Vartanian compared WALL-E to Butades in a scene where the robot expresses his love for EVE by making a sculpture of her from spare parts.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Walter abandoned his exploring after marrying Elizabeth Throckmorton.
Wikipedia page: Walter Raleigh (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: In 1591, he secretly married Elizabeth Throckmorton, one of the Queen's ladies-in-waiting, without the Queen's permission, for which he and his wife were sent to the Tower of London.
section_header: Summary
text: In 1594, Raleigh heard of a "City of Gold" in South America and sailed to find it, publishing an exaggerated account of his experiences in a book that contributed to the legend of "El Dorado".
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Mount Rushmore is located in the state of Montana.
Wikipedia page: Mount Rushmore National Memorial (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Mount Rushmore National Memorial is centered on a colossal sculpture carved into the granite face of Mount Rushmore in the Black Hills in Keystone, South Dakota.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: "Ode to the West Wind" was written in Paris, France.
Wikipedia page: Ode to the West Wind (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: "Ode to the West Wind" is an ode, written by Percy Bysshe Shelley in 1819 near Florence, Italy.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Eddie Mathews played many over 14 years in the Major Leagues.
Wikipedia page: Eddie Mathews (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: He played 17 seasons for the Boston, Milwaukee and Atlanta Braves (1952–1966); Houston Astros (1967) and Detroit Tigers (1967–68).
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Mercury was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2003.
Wikipedia page: Freddie Mercury (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Legacy | Continued popularity
text: Since his death, Queen were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2001, and all four band members were inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame in 2003.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Dubliners is a book of short stories about characters that are not fully developed and cause the reader to look through the narrator's eye for thoughts without much analysis.
Wikipedia page: Dubliners (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Dubliners is a collection of fifteen short stories by James Joyce, first published in 1914.
section_header: Style
text: While some point to Joyce's use of free indirect discourse as a way to understand his characters, he often obscures the reliability of his characters in a way that would make any kind of analysis very difficult.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Yelp, an American company based in San Francisco, California, allows businesses to sign up for advertising if they have at least three stars.
Wikipedia page: Yelp (Technology)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Yelp is an American public company headquartered in San Francisco, California.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Christian Bale was born in North England and raised in another country with his parents, who loved to act.
Wikipedia page: Christian Bale (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: Bale was born in Haverfordwest, Pembrokeshire, the son of Jenny (née James), a circus performer, and David Bale, an entrepreneur, commercial pilot and talent manager.
section_header: Early life
text: He spent his childhood in Wales, Surrey and Dorset in England, and Portugal.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Gosford Park, a 2001 satirical black comedy mystery film, stars Maggie Smith as Constance and Natasha Whitman as Lady Sylvia McCordle.
Wikipedia page: Gosford Park (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Cast | Above stairs
text: Maggie Smith as Constance, Countess of Trentham Michael Gambon as Sir William McCordle Kristin Scott Thomas as Lady Sylvia McCordle
section_header: Cast | Above stairs
text: Natasha Wightman as Lady Lavinia Meredith
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Schalk played for the Red Socks.
Wikipedia page: Ray Schalk (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: He played as a catcher in Major League Baseball for the Chicago White Sox for the majority of his career.
section_header: Baseball career
text: Years later, Schalk said that the conspirators caught a break when one of the "Clean Sox," pitcher Red Faber, was forced to sit out the Series with the flu.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The movie "From Here to Eternity" was awarded with seven Golden Globes.
Wikipedia page: From Here to Eternity (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The film won eight Academy Awards out of 13 nominations, including awards for Best Picture, Best Director (Fred Zinnemann), Adapted Screenplay, Supporting Actor (Frank Sinatra), and Supporting Actress (Donna Reed).
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Erie Canal has 34 numbered locks.
Wikipedia page: Erie Canal (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The canal has 34 numbered locks starting with Black Rock Lock and ending downstream with the Troy Federal Lock.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: At the end of Little Foxes, Regina has all the money.
Wikipedia page: The Little Foxes (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Plot
text: Having let her husband die, alienated her brothers, and driven away her only child, Regina is left wealthy but completely alone.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Battle of Antietam was one of the deadliest battles in U.S history, killing or wounding over 22,000 people.
Wikipedia page: Battle of Antietam (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: It was the bloodiest day in United States history, with a combined tally of 22,717 dead, wounded, or missing.
section_header: Aftermath
text: Antietam is sometimes cited as the bloodiest day in all of American history.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Irene Joliot Currie grew up with her daddy.
Wikipedia page: Irène Joliot-Curie (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Biography | Early life and education
text: They lost their father early on in 1906 due to a horse-drawn wagon incident and Marie was left to raise them.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: This castle was built on the foundation of a keep that was deliberately destroyed for this purpose.
Wikipedia page: Neuschwanstein Castle (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: History | Construction
text: In 1868, the ruins of the medieval twin castles were completely demolished; the remains of the old keep were blown up.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The short story by Edgar Allan Poe "The Murders in the Rue Morgue" is the first detective story.
Wikipedia page: The Murders in the Rue Morgue (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Literary significance and reception
text: Poe biographer Jeffrey Meyers sums up the significance of "The Murders in the Rue Morgue" by saying it "changed the history of world literature." Often cited as the first detective fiction story, the character of Dupin became the prototype for many future fictional detectives, including Arthur Conan Doyle's Sherlock Holmes and Agatha Christie's Hercule Poirot.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Howards End is a 1992 film based upon the 1910 complicated novel about Margaret, who marries Henry even though she fears that he loves her sister and will leave her without a way to support herself.
Wikipedia page: Howards End (film) (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Plot
text: Margaret and Henry marry, with the pair arranging to use Howards End as storage for Margaret and her siblings' belongings.
section_header: Plot
text: Henry tells the others that, upon his death, Margaret will receive Howards End—but no money, at her own request.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Yogi Berra was a manager for the Dodgers and won 10 World Series championships.
Wikipedia page: Yogi Berra (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Professional baseball career | Major leagues | Yankee manager and harmonica incident
text: Berra retired as an active player after the 1963 World Series and was immediately named to succeed Ralph Houk as manager of the Yankees.
section_header: Professional baseball career | Major leagues | Coach of New York Mets and Houston Astros
text: Berra was immediately signed by the crosstown New York Mets as a coach.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Brian Mulroney is bilingual.
Wikipedia page: Brian Mulroney (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Party leader
text: Throughout his political career, Mulroney's fluency in English and French, with Quebec roots in both cultures, gave him an advantage that eventually proved decisive.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Sirus is slowly approaching the Solar System and will remain a brilliant and radiant system in Earth's Heavens for over two hundred thousand years.
Wikipedia page: Sirius (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Sirius is gradually moving closer to the Solar System, so it will slightly increase in brightness over the next 60,000 years.
section_header: Summary
text: After that time, its distance will begin to increase, and it will become fainter, but it will continue to be the brightest star in the Earth's night sky for the next 210,000 years.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: A Doll's House did premiere in New York City.
Wikipedia page: A Doll's House (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Production history
text: A Doll's House received its world premiere on 21 December 1879 at the Royal Theatre in Copenhagen, with Betty Hennings as Nora, Emil Poulsen as Torvald, and Peter Jerndorff as Dr. Rank.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Ingrid Daubechies was a German scientist and was known for her work with wavelets.
Wikipedia page: Ingrid Daubechies (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Baroness Ingrid Daubechies ( doh-bə-SHEE; French: [dobʃi]; born 17 August 1954) is a Belgian physicist and mathematician.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Agamemnon,  Atreus and Aerope are all from Argos which is more popularly known by another moniker.
Wikipedia page: Agamemnon (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: In Greek mythology, Agamemnon  (Greek: Ἀγαμέμνων, Ἀgamémnōn) was a king of Mycenae, the son, or grandson, of King Atreus and Queen Aerope of Mycenae, the brother of Menelaus, the husband of Clytemnestra and the father of Iphigenia, Electra or Laodike (Λαοδίκη), Orestes and Chrysothemis.
section_header: Summary
text: Legends make him the king of Mycenae or Argos, thought to be different names for the same area.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The story in The Moonstone novel focuses on the soldier's discovery of a rare kind of rock or mineral.
Wikipedia page: The Moonstone (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Etymology
text: The Moonstone of the title is a diamond (not to be confused with the semi-precious moonstone gem).
section_header: Summary
text: It is generally considered to be the first detective novel, and it established many of the ground rules of the modern detective novel.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Belshazzar's feast is the sixth chapter in The Book of Daniel.
Wikipedia page: The Book of Daniel (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Structure | Divisions
text: I: Tales (chapters 1:1–6:29)  1: Introduction (1:1–21 – set in the Babylonian era, written in Hebrew) 2: Nebuchadnezzar's dream of four kingdoms (2:1–49 – Babylonian era; Aramaic) 3: The fiery furnace (3:1–30/3:1-23, 91-97 – Babylonian era; Aramaic) 4: Nebuchadnezzar's madness (3:31/98–4:34/4:1-37 – Babylonian era; Aramaic) 5: Belshazzar's feast (5:1–6:1 – Babylonian era; Aramaic) 6: Daniel in the lions' den (6:2–29 – Median era with mention of Persia; Aramaic)PART II: Visions (chapters 7:1–12:13)  7: The beasts from the sea (7:1–28 – Babylonian era: Aramaic) 8: The ram and the he-goat (8:1–27 – Babylonian era; Hebrew) 9
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Rossini went to jail for stealing when he was young.
Wikipedia page: Gioachino Rossini (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Life and career | Early life
text: Giuseppe was imprisoned at least twice: first in 1790 for insubordination to local authorities in a dispute about his employment as town trumpeter; and in 1799 and 1800 for republican activism and support of the troops of Napoleon against the Pope's Austrian backers.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The novel is about Lamy and Machebeuf and is based off of real accounts.
Wikipedia page: Death Comes for the Archbishop (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Plot summary
text: The narrative is based on two historical figures of the late 19th century, Jean-Baptiste Lamy and Joseph Projectus Machebeuf, and rather than any one singular plot, is the stylized re-telling of their lives serving as Roman Catholic clergy in New Mexico.
section_header: Plot summary
text: Cather includes many fictionalized accounts of actual historical figures, including Kit Carson, Manuel Antonio Chaves and Pope Gregory XVI.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Stephen Hawking grew up wealthy.
Wikipedia page: Stephen Hawking (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life | Family
text: His paternal great-grandmother saved the family from financial ruin by opening a school in their home.
section_header: Early life | Family
text: His wealthy paternal great-grandfather, from Yorkshire, over-extended himself buying farm land and then went bankrupt in the great agricultural depression during the early 20th century.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The film is about a Japanese pilot living in Japan and his life leading up to the attack on Pearl Harbor.
Wikipedia page: Sayonara (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Plot
text: Moments after exiting Joe's home Ace and Bailey are attacked by a group of Japanese holding anti-American signs, but sympathetic Japanese neighbors intervene to help the Americans, resulting in widespread fighting in the street.
section_header: Plot
text: Joe and Katsumi's home is boarded up by the military police and Ace is taken into custody by General Webster, where he is confined to quarters.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: O'Malley was ruthless as a manager for the Dodgers. A player tried to sue his team for not paying him and he was blacklisted by O'Malley.
Wikipedia page: Walter O'Malley (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Dodgers | Other controversies and management philosophy
text: Because of this, O'Malley allegedly blacklisted Furillo from any job in baseball.
section_header: Dodgers | Other controversies and management philosophy
text: This forced Furillo to sue the team.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Mutiny on the Bounty caused the Lieutenant and most of his followers to be forced off the vessel.
Wikipedia page: Mutiny on the Bounty (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Disaffected crewmen, led by Acting Lieutenant Fletcher Christian, seized control of the ship from their captain, Lieutenant William Bligh, and set him and 18 loyalists adrift in the ship's open launch.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: In Robert Frost's poem "The Death of the Hired Man," the farmer wants to give the hired man a room when he stops by his farm on a snowy evening.
Wikipedia page: The Death of the Hired Man (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Themes
text: Warren wrestles with the idea that “Home is the place where, when you have to go there, / They have to take you in.” (Presumably he says this bitterly or sarcastically.) By saying this he is highlighting, at least at that point in the poem, that he does not feel obliged to put a roof over Silas’ head because of his betrayal of leaving the farm.
section_header: Themes
text: Through the obvious moral dichotomy at the start of the poem between Warren and Mary, it can be interpreted that Mary has slowly convinced Warren to offer Silas a room at the house; obviously his offering comes too late with Silas having died, arguably alone, beside the stove.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: This is a novel from Zora Hurston that involves a group of priests settling down to a theological discussion about God and what they can fathom of his Great Plan.
Wikipedia page: Their Eyes Were Watching God (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The novel explores main character Janie Crawford's "ripening from a vibrant, but voiceless, teenage girl into a woman with her finger on the trigger of her own
section_header: Plot synopsis
text: Janie Crawford, an African-American woman in her forties, recounts her life starting with her sexual awakening, which she compares to a blossoming pear tree kissed by bees in spring.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Argentina is a country located only in the southern half of South America and in Spanish, it is masculine.
Wikipedia page: Argentina (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Name and etymology
text: In Spanish, "Argentina" is feminine ("La [República] Argentina"), taking the feminine article "la", as the initial syllable of "Argentina" is unstressed.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Dracula was written by Jonathan Harker.
Wikipedia page: Dracula (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Dracula is an 1897 Gothic horror novel by Irish author Bram Stoker.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Dark Knight Rises is based on a Marvel hero.
Wikipedia page: The Dark Knight Rises (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Based on the DC Comics character Batman, it is the final installment in Nolan's The Dark Knight Trilogy, and the sequel to The Dark Knight (2008).
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Nickel is only detected in small quantities in the Earth's shell.
Wikipedia page: Nickel (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Even so, pure native nickel is found in Earth's crust only in tiny amounts, usually in ultramafic rocks, and in the interiors of larger nickel–iron meteorites that were not exposed to oxygen when outside Earth's atmosphere.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Ostend Manifesto was also known as  the Black Warrior Affair.
Wikipedia page: Ostend Manifesto (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The Ostend Manifesto, also known as the Ostend Circular, was a document written in 1854 that described the rationale for the United States to purchase Cuba from Spain while implying that the U.S. should declare war if Spain refused.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Caine was popular for his Cockney accent.
Wikipedia page: Michael Caine (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Known for his trademark Cockney accent, he has appeared in more than 130 films during a career spanning over 60 years, and is considered a British film icon.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: This play was written by The Bard in 1598
Wikipedia page: Twelfth Night (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Twelfth Night, or What You Will is a romantic comedy by William Shakespeare, believed to have been written around 1601–1602 as a Twelfth Night's entertainment for the close of the Christmas season.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Cal Ripken's ancestors belonged to South America.
Wikipedia page: Cal Ripken Jr. (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: He has German, English, and Irish ancestry.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Rick and Hershel make a plan to kill Shane in order to help Rick win his wife Lori back.
Wikipedia page: The Walking Dead (TV series) (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Series overview | Season 2 (2011–12)
text: Rick learns that Shane and Lori were romantically involved at the outset of the apocalypse, and Shane and Rick's friendship becomes increasingly unhinged when Lori reveals that she is pregnant.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Black Holes can get bigger.
Wikipedia page: Black hole (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: After a black hole has formed, it can continue to grow by absorbing mass from its surroundings.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Greece is bordered with four countries.
Wikipedia page: Greece (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: It shares land borders with Albania to the northwest, North Macedonia and Bulgaria to the north, and Turkey to the northeast.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Barbara McClintock was awarded in 1984 the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.
Wikipedia page: Barbara McClintock (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Honors and recognition
text: "Most notably, she received the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine in 1983, the first woman to win that prize unshared, and the first American woman to win any unshared Nobel Prize.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: James G. Blaine was an American statesman and Democratic politician, and an expansionist, Blaine's policies would lead in less than a decade to the establishment of the United States' acquisition of Pacific colonies and dominance of the Caribbean.
Wikipedia page: James G. Blaine (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: James Gillespie Blaine (January 31, 1830 – January 27, 1893) was an American statesman and Republican politician who represented Maine in the U.S. House of Representatives from 1863 to 1876, serving as Speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives from 1869 to 1875, and then in the United States Senate from 1876 to 1881.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: A Streetcar Named Desire is a movie written by Arkansas James.
Wikipedia page: A Streetcar Named Desire (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: A Streetcar Named Desire is a play written by Tennessee Williams that opened on Broadway on December 3, 1947.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The giant clock was constructed in the 1850s by an English maker of clocks.
Wikipedia page: Big Ben (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Clock | Movement
text: Construction was entrusted to clockmaker Edward John Dent; after his death in 1853 his stepson Frederick Dent completed the work, in 1854.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The proximity of multiple conductors is a nonissue for the signals carried within.
Wikipedia page: Capacitance (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Stray capacitance
text: This (often unwanted) capacitance is called parasitic or "stray capacitance".
section_header: Stray capacitance
text: Any two adjacent conductors can function as a capacitor, though the capacitance is small unless the conductors are close together for long distances or over a large area.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: He was descendant from the sun goddess Amaterasu.
Wikipedia page: Emperor Jimmu (NOCAT)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: In Japanese mythology, he was a descendant of the sun goddess Amaterasu, through her grandson Ninigi, as well as a descendant of the storm god Susanoo.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Frank Chance played for three teams during his career.
Wikipedia page: Frank Chance (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: A first baseman, Chance played in Major League Baseball for the Chicago Cubs (initially named the "Orphans") and New York Yankees from 1898 through 1914.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Satchel Paige grew up without getting into troubles.
Wikipedia page: Satchel Paige (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: "On July 24, 1918, just 17 days after his 12th birthday, Leroy was sentenced to six years—or until his 18th birthday, whichever came first—at the Alabama Reform School for Juvenile Negro Law-Breakers in Mount Meigs, Alabama.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Lou had Alzheimer, a disease that ended his career too soon.
Wikipedia page: Lou Gehrig (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Major league career | Diagnosis
text: Eleanor Gehrig was told that the cause of ALS was unknown, but it was painless, noncontagious, and cruel; the motor function of the central nervous system is destroyed, but the mind remains fully aware until the end.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Stephen Storace had English and Italian parents.
Wikipedia page: Stephen Storace (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: His sister was the famous opera singer Nancy Storace.
section_header: Summary
text: He was born in London in the Parish of St Marylebone to an English mother and Italian father.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: He became a pitcher at the age of 15 years old.
Wikipedia page: Bob Feller (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: From the age of 15, he began to pitch for the Oakviews after a starting pitcher was injured; while doing so, Feller continued to play American Legion baseball.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Angiosperms or flowering plants are distinguished from gymnosperms which they broke from in the Triassic Period in that they have flowers, endosperm within the seed and create flowers with seeds inside them.
Wikipedia page: Flowering plant (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The ancestors of flowering plants diverged from gymnosperms in the Triassic Period, 245 to 202 million years ago (mya), and the first flowering plants are known from ~140 mya.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Golden Bowl is a 1894 novel by William Vance that is set in England and is an intense and complex study of marriage.
Wikipedia page: The Golden Bowl (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The Golden Bowl is a 1904 novel by Henry James.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The House tv show ended after 8 seasons in May of 2012.
Wikipedia page: House (TV series) (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: House (also called House, M.D.) is an American medical drama television series that originally ran on the Fox network for eight seasons, from November 16, 2004, to May 21, 2012.
section_header: Summary
text: The series finale aired on May 21, 2012, following an hour-long retrospective.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Ravel is a famous musician from France, he attempted to enlist in the army when WWI but was not allowed due to age and cardiovascular issues.
Wikipedia page: Maurice Ravel (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Life and career | War
text: He considered his small stature and light weight ideal for an aviator, but was rejected because of his age and a minor heart complaint.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Indira Gandhi's sons had objectively unlucky and unfortunate deaths that left her in power.
Wikipedia page: Indira Gandhi (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Family, personal life and outlook
text: Initially, her younger son Sanjay had been her chosen heir, but after his death in a flying accident in June 1980, Gandhi persuaded her reluctant elder son Rajiv to quit his job as a pilot and enter politics in February 1981.
section_header: Views on women
text: Rajiv Gandhi himself was assassinated by a suicide bomber working on behalf of LTTE on 21 May 1991.Gandhi's yoga guru, Dhirendra Brahmachari, helped her in making certain decisions and also executed certain top level political tasks on her behalf, especially from 1975 to 1977 when Gandhi "declared a state of emergency and suspended civil liberties." In 1952 in a letter to her American friend Dorothy Norman, Gandhi wrote: "I am in no sense a feminist, but I believe in women being able to do everything ... Given the opportunity to develop, capable Indian women have come to the top at once.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Bruce Lee died from a cerebral edema.
Wikipedia page: Bruce Lee (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Death
text: His conclusion was "death by misadventure" caused by cerebral edema due to a reaction to compounds present in the combination medication Equagesic.
section_header: Death
text: Suffering from seizures and headaches, he was immediately rushed to Hong Kong Baptist Hospital, where doctors diagnosed cerebral edema.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Formulization of persuasive techniques started with the Romans.
Wikipedia page: Persuasion (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Brief history
text: Persuasion began with the Greeks, who emphasized rhetoric and elocution as the highest standard for a successful politician.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: France intended to seize the English Channel in the Battle of Trafalgar.
Wikipedia page: Battle of Trafalgar (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: 1803–1815).As part of an overall French plan to combine all French and allied fleets to take control of the English Channel and thus enable Napoleon's Grande Armée to invade England,
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Bergman was from France.
Wikipedia page: Ingrid Bergman (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Ingrid Bergman (29 August 1915 – 29 August 1982) was a Swedish actress who starred in a variety of European and American films, television movies, and plays.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Rich Gossage was called "Goose" by his teammates because his last name reminded them of the word "Gosling" which is the term for a baby goose.
Wikipedia page: Rich Gossage (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The nickname "Goose" came about when a friend did not like his previous nickname "Goss", and noted he looked like a goose when he extended his neck to read the signs given by the catcher when he was pitching.
section_header: Retirement
text: The Goose is Loose (Ballantine: New York).
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Mr. Smith Goes to Washington is a musical drama.
Wikipedia page: Mr. Smith Goes to Washington (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Mr. Smith Goes to Washington is a 1939 American political comedy-drama film directed by Frank Capra, starring Jean Arthur and James Stewart, and featuring Claude Rains and Edward Arnold.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Raven by Edward Allen Poe was first published in 1845.
Wikipedia page: The Raven (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: "The Raven" is a narrative poem by American writer Edgar Allan Poe.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Charles I of England died because of a heart condition.
Wikipedia page: Charles I of England (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Charles I (19 November 1600 – 30 January 1649) was King of England, King of Scotland, and King of Ireland from 27 March 1625 until his execution in 1649.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Resonance cannot be used to create any frequencies.
Wikipedia page: Resonance (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Resonant systems can be used to generate vibrations of a specific frequency (e.g., musical instruments), or pick out specific frequencies from a complex vibration containing many frequencies (e.g., filters).
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: In the Battle of the Little Bighorn, General Custer planned to use the families of Native American warriors as bargaining chips.
Wikipedia page: Battle of the Little Bighorn (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Prelude | Military assumptions prior to the battle | Role of Indian noncombatants in Custer's strategy
text: Custer's field strategy was designed to engage noncombatants at the encampments on the Little Bighorn so as to capture women, children, and the elderly or disabled to serve as hostages to convince the warriors to surrender and comply with federal orders to relocate.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Brian Mulroney has 4 kids.
Wikipedia page: Brian Mulroney (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Family
text: "The Mulroneys have four children: Caroline, Benedict (Ben), Mark and Nicolas.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Stan Coveleski did not have siblings.
Wikipedia page: Stan Coveleski (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Early years
text: Stanislaus Anthony Kowalewski was born in Shamokin, Pennsylvania, one of eight children of Anthony (1845–1929) and Ann (Racicz) Kowalewski (1850–1919), who had immigrated from Russian Poland in the early 1870s.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Finnegans Wake is not widely read by the general public.
Wikipedia page: Finnegans Wake (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Owing to the work's linguistic experiments, stream of consciousness writing style, literary allusions, free dream associations, and abandonment of narrative conventions, Finnegans Wake remains largely unread by the general public.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Barbara McClintock was an American scientist and cytogeneticist who was awarded the 1983 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, making her the second woman in history to win the Prize in the genetic transposition category.
Wikipedia page: Barbara McClintock (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Barbara McClintock (June 16, 1902 – September 2, 1992) was an American scientist and cytogeneticist who was awarded the 1983 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.
section_header: Summary
text: Awards and recognition for her contributions to the field followed, including the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, awarded to her in 1983 for the discovery of genetic transposition; she was the only woman to receive an unshared Nobel Prize in that category.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Ozzie Smith retired in 1997 because of an jury from earlier that season.
Wikipedia page: Ozzie Smith (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: After tension with his new manager Tony La Russa developed in 1996, Smith retired at season's end, and his uniform number (No. 1) was subsequently retired by the Cardinals.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Enthalpy is a concept in how heat works as energy.
Wikipedia page: Enthalpy (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Enthalpy  (listen) is a property of a thermodynamic system, that is a convenient state function preferred in many measurements in chemical, biological, and physical systems at a constant pressure.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Timur had missing digits from being injured when he tried to loot livestock when he was younger.
Wikipedia page: Timur (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: Around 1363, it is believed that Timur tried to steal a sheep from a shepherd but was shot by two arrows, one in his right leg and another in his right hand, where he lost two fingers.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Skyfall is the 23rd movie in the James Bond sequence and stars Daniel Craig.
Wikipedia page: Skyfall (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The film is the third to star Daniel Craig as fictional MI6 agent James Bond and features Javier Bardem as Raoul Silva, the villain, and Judi Dench as M.
section_header: Summary
text: Skyfall is a 2012 spy film and the twenty-third in the James Bond series produced by Eon Productions.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Sam Thompson was called "Big Sam" in reference to his massive mutton chops, which were the envy of many a less heavily haired baseball man.
Wikipedia page: Sam Thompson (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: At 6 feet, 2 inches, the Indiana native was one of the larger players of his day and was known for his prominent handlebar mustache.
section_header: Summary
text: Samuel Luther "Big Sam" Thompson (March 5, 1860 – November 7, 1922) was an American professional baseball player from 1884 to 1898 and with a brief comeback in 1906.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Cab Calloway's mother did not like him playing jazz although she played music herself.
Wikipedia page: Cab Calloway (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: Despite his parents' and teachers' disapproval of jazz, he began performing in nightclubs in Baltimore.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Slaughterhouse Five is about Marcus Vongue's time during fighting as an American soldier.
Wikipedia page: Slaughterhouse Five (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: It follows the life and experiences of Billy Pilgrim, from his early years to his time as an American soldier and chaplain's assistant during World War II, to the postwar years, with Billy occasionally traveling through time itself.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Neuschwanstein Castle was built in honor of Richard Wagner.
Wikipedia page: Neuschwanstein Castle (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The palace was commissioned by King Ludwig II of Bavaria as a retreat and in honour of Richard Wagner.
Verdict: SUPPORTS