tasksource/fool-me-twice huggingface dataset:
Claim: The Blithedale Romance takes place in an utopian commune.
Wikipedia page: The Blithedale Romance (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Its setting is a utopian farming commune based on Brook Farm, of which Hawthorne was a founding member and where he lived in 1841.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Bobby Cox failed to be good enough for the Majors of two different franchises before being traded to the Yankees.
Wikipedia page: Bobby Cox (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Playing career
text: As a player, Cox originally signed with the Los Angeles Dodgers, but was never able to make the Dodgers' major league team.
section_header: Playing career
text: Eventually he was acquired by the Braves, but never appeared in an MLB game for them either.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The first Moulin Rouge was lost in flames in the early 1900's.
Wikipedia page: Moulin Rouge (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: History | Renewal
text: 20 February 1988: Although the original building had burned down in 1915, the Moulin Rouge turns 100.
section_header: Summary
text: The original house, which burned down in 1915, was co-founded in 1889 by Charles Zidler and Joseph Oller, who also owned the Paris Olympia.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Rikers Island prison is scheduled to be shut down in the mid 2020s.
Wikipedia page: Rikers Island prison (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: In October 2019, the New York City Council voted to close down the facility by 2026.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Charles Boyer acted in greater than eighty different films, though he started as a doctor.
Wikipedia page: Charles Boyer (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Charles Boyer (French: [bwaje]; 28 August 1899 – 26 August 1978) was a French-American actor who appeared in more than 80 films between 1920 and 1976.
section_header: Biography | Early acting career
text: Boyer performed comic sketches for soldiers while working as a hospital orderly during World War I.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Kaline was referred to as "Mr. Tiger" in MLB.
Wikipedia page: Al Kaline (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Albert William Kaline ( KAY-line; December 19, 1934 – April 6, 2020), nicknamed "Mr. Tiger", was an American professional baseball right fielder who played 22 seasons in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Detroit Tigers.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Freddie Mercury was well known for his flamboyant stage persona.
Wikipedia page: Freddie Mercury (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Regarded as one of the greatest lead singers in the history of rock music, he was known for his flamboyant stage persona and four-octave vocal range.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Punic Wars broke out in Rome but most of the fighting was in Sicily.
Wikipedia page: Punic Wars (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The First Punic War broke out in Sicily in 264 BC as a result of Rome's expansionary attitude combined with Carthage's proprietary approach to the island.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: A ghost is a soul or spirit of a dead person and gets in name from the French word gasten.
Wikipedia page: Ghosts (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Terminology
text: The English word ghost continues Old English gāst, from Proto-Germanic
section_header: Terminology
text: *gaistaz. It is common to West Germanic, but lacking in North Germanic and East Germanic (the equivalent word in Gothic is ahma, Old Norse has andi m., önd f.).
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Frederick Douglass was biracial.
Wikipedia page: Frederick Douglass (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Life as a slave | Birth family
text: Douglass was of mixed race, which likely included Native American and African on his mother's side, as well as European.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Brazilian national football team has only ever missed one World Cup.
Wikipedia page: Brazil national football team (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Brazil is the only national team to have played in all World Cup editions without any absence nor need for playoffs.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: American actress Thelma Ritter took a break from acting to raise her kids.
Wikipedia page: Thelma Ritter (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: Although she subsequently struggled to establish a stage career, Ritter decided to take a hiatus from acting to raise her two children—Monica and Joe—by her husband Joseph Moran  (whom she married in 1927), who was also an actor, but changed professions in the mid-1930s, opting to become an agent and then an advertising executive.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Youtube has had no controversies involving content creators.
Wikipedia page: YouTube (Technology)
Evidence:
section_header: Community policy | Other algorithm design or implementation issues
text: Five leading content creators whose channels were based on LGBTQ+ materials filed a federal lawsuit against YouTube in August 2019, alleging that YouTube's algorithms diverts discovery away from their channels, impacting their revenue.
section_header: Community policy | Other algorithm design or implementation issues
text: The plaintiffs claimed that the algorithms discourage content with words like "lesbian" or "gay", which would be predominant in their channels' content, and because of YouTube's near-monopolization of online video services, they are abusing that position.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Harry S. Truman was the 33rd president of the United States from 1945 to 1953, succeeding upon the death of Franklin D. Roosevelt after serving as vice president for 2 weeks.
Wikipedia page: Harry S. Truman (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Vice Presidency (1945)
text: Truman had been vice president for 82 days when President Roosevelt died on April 12, 1945.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Lady Gaga has criticized leading Democrats for their legislation that would end protection for the transgendered in America.
Wikipedia page: Lady Gaga (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Activism | LGBT advocacy
text: In 2018, a leaked memo from Trump's office revealed that his administration wanted to change the legal definition of sex in order to exclude transgender Americans.
section_header: Activism | LGBT advocacy
text: Gaga was one of the many celebrities to call him out and spread the #WontBeErased campaign to her 77 million Twitter followers.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Satie passed due to cancer.
Wikipedia page: Erik Satie (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Life | Later life
text: After years of heavy drinking (including consumption of absinthe), Satie died at age 59, on 1 July 1925 from cirrhosis of the liver.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Ming Dynasty fell apart due to political infighting.
Wikipedia page: Ming Dynasty (History)
Evidence:
section_header: History | Decline and fall of the Ming dynasty | Later reign of the Wanli Emperor
text: However, there was no one after him skilled enough to maintain the stability of these alliances; officials soon banded together in opposing political factions.
section_header: History | Decline and fall of the Ming dynasty | Later reign of the Wanli Emperor
text: Over time Wanli grew tired of court affairs and frequent political quarreling amongst his ministers, preferring to stay behind the walls of the Forbidden City and out of his officials' sight.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: George Gershwin composed music for automatic playing pianos.
Wikipedia page: George Gershwin (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Biography | Tin Pan Alley and Broadway, 1913–1923
text: He also recorded rolls of his own compositions for the Duo-Art and Welte-Mignon reproducing pianos.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Like Young Goodman Brown, many of the author's published materials are set in Salem Village.
Wikipedia page: Young Goodman Brown (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Analysis
text: Much of Hawthorne's fiction, such as The Scarlet Letter, is set in 17th-century colonial America, particularly Salem Village.
section_header: Summary
text: "Young Goodman Brown" is a short story published in 1835 by American writer Nathaniel Hawthorne.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Manley was raised in Ohio.
Wikipedia page: Effa Manley (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: Manley was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, where she attended school.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Roger Bresnahan was a baseball player, manager, and a designer of batting helmet. who was elected to the Hall of Fame.
Wikipedia page: Roger Bresnahan (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Roger Philip Bresnahan (June 11, 1879 – December 4, 1944), nicknamed "The Duke of Tralee", was an American player and manager in Major League Baseball (MLB).
section_header: Career | New York Giants (1902–1908)
text: Bresnahan also developed the first batting helmet.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Harry Wright was killed by a member of the Irish Republican Army (IRA), protesting the English "Overtaking other countries' sports".
Wikipedia page: Harry Wright (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Death
text: Wright died of a lung ailment on October 3, 1895 in Atlantic City, New Jersey, He is buried in West Laurel Hill Cemetery, Bala Cynwyd, Pennsylvania.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Ammonia is a byproduct of cigarettes.
Wikipedia page: Ammonia (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Safety precautions | Toxicity
text: Ammonia is a constituent of tobacco smoke.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Hobbit's author, J.R.R.Tolkien, was greatly influenced by Stanley Unwin.
Wikipedia page: The Hobbit (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Concept and creation | Influences
text: One of the greatest influences on Tolkien was the 19th-century Arts and Crafts polymath William Morris.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The first World War in 1917 was disastrous for Italy.
Wikipedia page: Georges Clemenceau (History)
Evidence:
section_header: The beginning of the Third Republic | First World War
text: The autumn of 1917 saw the disastrous Italian defeat at the Battle of Caporetto, the Bolshevik seizure of power in Russia, and rumours that former Prime Minister Joseph Caillaux and Interior Minister Louis Malvy might have engaged in treason.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: In the novel The Magic Mountain, the character of Ziemssen deserts the army so that he can live with his true love.
Wikipedia page: The Magic Mountain (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Major themes | Allegorical characters | Ziemssen: Duty
text: After long discussions with his cousin, and in spite of being warned by Dr. Behrens, he returns to the "flatlands", where he fulfills his military duties for some time.
section_header: Major themes | Allegorical characters | Ziemssen: Duty
text: Joachim Ziemssen, Hans Castorp's cousin, is described as a young person representing the ideals of loyalty and faithfulness as an officer.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Towering Inferno is a movie about a skyscraper that catches fire due to a bomb on the 75th floor.
Wikipedia page: The Towering Inferno (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Plot
text: During testing an electrical short starts an undetected fire on the 81st floor.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The 1971 movie Cabaret was set in Paris in the 1940's.
Wikipedia page: Cabaret (1972 film) (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Set in Berlin during the Weimar Republic in 1931, under the presence of the growing Nazi Party, the film is loosely based on the 1966 Broadway musical Cabaret by Kander and Ebb, which was adapted from Christopher Isherwood's semi-autobiographical novel
section_header: Summary
text: Cabaret is a 1972 American musical drama film directed by Bob Fosse, and starring Liza Minnelli, Michael York, and Joel Grey.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Noble gasses are amazingly easy to bond with other elements, which is why they're used in lamps and such, converting energy to fluorescence at high efficiency.
Wikipedia page: Noble gas (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Applications
text: Noble gases are commonly used in lighting because of their lack of chemical reactivity.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Hafey moved to infield because of his fielding.
Wikipedia page: Chick Hafey (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: However, Cardinals business manager Branch Rickey noticed Hafey's hitting abilities and decided that Hafey should become an outfielder.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The novel Journey to the West has not been popular in East Asia despite its good literary work.
Wikipedia page: Journey to the West (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: It has been described as arguably the most popular literary work in East Asia.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Raines was left out of baseball after two surgeries.
Wikipedia page: Tim Raines (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Career | Post-Expos career
text: After a kidney biopsy on July 23, Raines was diagnosed with lupus and spent the rest of the year undergoing treatment and recovery.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The resting place of the emperor and his wife are not in the main portion of the building.
Wikipedia page: Taj Mahal (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Architecture and design | Tomb
text: The main chamber houses the false sarcophagi of Mumtaz Mahal and Shah Jahan; the actual graves are at a lower level.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Yount was referred to by 2 nicknames.
Wikipedia page: Robin Yount (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Robin R. Yount (; nicknamed,"The Kid", and "Rockin' Robin", born September 16, 1955) is an American former professional baseball player.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Addie Joss is from Nebraska.
Wikipedia page: Addie Joss (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: Addie Joss was born on April 12, 1880, in Woodland, Dodge County, Wisconsin.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Ray Schalk worked in a steel mill before he started playing professional baseball.
Wikipedia page: Ray Schalk (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: He dropped out of high school to enter the printer's trade, learning to operate a linotype machine.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Murders in the Rue Morgue is a short story by Edgar Allan Poe, and has been described as the first modern detective story.
Wikipedia page: The Murders in the Rue Morgue (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: It has been described as the first modern detective story; Poe referred to it as one of his "tales of ratiocination".C. Auguste Dupin is a man in Paris who solves the mystery of the brutal murder of two women.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Vance only had one child.
Wikipedia page: Dazzy Vance (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Later life
text: His survivors included his wife Edyth and a daughter.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Manuel de Falla never sired any offsprings and is considered Portugal's best composer.
Wikipedia page: Manuel de Falla (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Along with Isaac Albéniz, Francisco Tárrega, and Enrique Granados, he was one of Spain's most important musicians of the first half of the 20th century.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Dick Tracy is an American comic strip and has been made into a radio show.
Wikipedia page: Dick Tracy (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Dick Tracy is an American comic strip featuring Dick Tracy (originally Plainclothes Tracy), a tough and intelligent police detective created by Chester Gould.
section_header: In other media | Radio
text: Dick Tracy had a long run on radio, from 1934 weekdays on NBC's New England stations to the ABC network in 1948.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Samson Agonistes is a tragic closet romance by John Milton, and on 14 December 2008 BBC Radio 3 broadcast a production of the play,
Wikipedia page: Samson Agonistes (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Samson Agonistes (from Greek Σαμσών ἀγωνιστής, "Samson the champion") is a tragic closet drama by John Milton.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Tina Turner has never been in any movies with post-apocalyptic settings.
Wikipedia page: Tina Turner (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Turner also acted in the films Tommy (1975), Mad Max
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Cromwell most likely died from complications due to a urinary infection and he had an elaborate funeral.
Wikipedia page: Oliver Cromwell (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Death and posthumous execution
text: He was buried with great ceremony, with an elaborate funeral at Westminster Abbey based on that of James I, his daughter Elizabeth also being buried there.
section_header: Summary
text: He died from natural causes in 1658 and was buried in Westminster Abbey.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Duke Ellington expired due to the big C in his cardiovascular system.
Wikipedia page: Duke Ellington (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Death
text: Ellington died on May 24, 1974, of complications from lung cancer and pneumonia, a few weeks after his 75th birthday.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Life of Pi was shot in the USA.
Wikipedia page: Life of Pi (film) (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The film was shot between India, Taiwan and Montreal, Quebec in 2011, with Rhythm & Hues Studios (R&H) handling the visual effects work.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: This is the amount of energy needed to "activate" a reaction.
Wikipedia page: Activation energy (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: In chemistry and physics, activation energy is the energy that must be provided to compounds to result in a chemical reaction.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: A Study in Scarlet was the initial Sherlock Holmes and Dr. Watson story.
Wikipedia page: A Study in Scarlet (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The story marks the first appearance of Sherlock Holmes and Dr. Watson, who would become the most famous detective duo in popular fiction.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Typee did not make its author Herman Melville famous.
Wikipedia page: Typee (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Publication history
text: It was Melville's first book, and made him one of the best-known American authors overnight.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Philip II of Macedon died from a health issues.
Wikipedia page: Philip II of Macedon (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Philip II of Macedon (Greek: Φίλιππος Β΄ ὁ Μακεδών; 382–336 BC) was the king (basileus) of the kingdom of Macedon from 359 BC until his assassination in 336 BC.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Leader of the Nazi Party Adolf Hitler and dictator from 1933 to 1945 was against capitalism and communism.
Wikipedia page: Adolf Hitler (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: He frequently denounced international capitalism and communism as part of a Jewish conspiracy.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Lyft is in 666 major cities in the U.S. and Mexico combined.
Wikipedia page: Lyft (Technology)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Lyft, Inc. is an American  ridesharing company based in San Francisco, California and operating in 644 cities in the United States and 12 cities in Canada.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Galvin's grave is in St. Louis, Missouri.
Wikipedia page: Pud Galvin (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Legacy
text: Galvin died poor at age 45 on March 7, 1902, in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and, as a Roman Catholic, is buried in Calvary Catholic Cemetery.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Brazil national football team has won the FIFA world cup 6 times.
Wikipedia page: Brazil national football team (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Brazil is the most successful national team in the FIFA World Cup, being crowned winner five times: 1958, 1962, 1970, 1994 and 2002.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Nicholas I of Russia did not make any attempts to help his Jewish subjects gain better schooling.
Wikipedia page: Nicholas I of Russia (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Minorities under Nicholas I | Life of Jews under Nicholas I
text: Under Nicholas I there were attempts to reform the education of the Jews in attempt of Russification.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Yogi Berra's father and father were Italian descant.
Wikipedia page: Yogi Berra (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: His parents were Italian immigrants Pietro and Paolina (née Longoni) Berra.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Al Spalding was a figure in the horseracing circuit.
Wikipedia page: Al Spalding (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Other activities
text: The Spaldings raised race horses and collected Chinese fine furniture and art.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Lloyd Waner lived in Oklahoma as a kid and had the nickname "little evil."
Wikipedia page: Lloyd Waner (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: Waner was born on March 16, 1906 in Harrah, Oklahoma, and grew up on a farm with his older brother, Paul.
section_header: Summary
text: Lloyd James Waner (March 16, 1906 – July 22, 1982), nicknamed "Little Poison", was a Major League Baseball (MLB) center fielder.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Megan Fox was very popular in high school and everybody loved her.
Wikipedia page: Megan Fox (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: Fox spoke freely about her time in school, stating that in middle school she was bullied and had to eat lunch in the bathroom to avoid being "pelted with ketchup packets." She said that the problem was not her looks, but that she had "always gotten along better with boys" and that "rubbed some people the wrong way." Fox also said that she was never popular in high school, and that "everyone hated me, and I was a total outcast, my friends were always guys, I have a very aggressive personality, and girls didn't like me for that.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Parthenon is a former temple on the Athenian Acropolis, Greece, dedicated to the goddess Athena, whom the people of Athens considered their patron started in 447 BC.
Wikipedia page: Parthenon (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Construction began in 447 BC when the Athenian Empire was at the peak of its power.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Anita Borg has an email network that's predicated entirely on protesting a talking child's toy.
Wikipedia page: Anita Borg (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Career | Systers
text: In 1992, when Mattel Inc. began selling a Barbie doll that said math class is tough, the voices of protest that started with the Systers list played a role in getting Mattel to remove that phrase from Barbie's microchip.
section_header: Career | Systers
text: In 1987, Borg founded Systers, the first email network for women in technology.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The world's highest restaurant is located at the 122nd floor of the building (442 metres or 1680 feet).
Wikipedia page: Burj Khalifa (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Conception | Records
text: World's highest restaurant (At.mosphere): 122nd floor at 442 m (1,450 ft) (previously 360, at a height of 350 m (1,148 ft) in CN Tower) World's highest New Year display of fireworks.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Forbidden City is a complex in China and the house of the Prime Minster.
Wikipedia page: Forbidden City (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: It houses the Palace Museum, and was the former Chinese imperial palace and state residence of the Emperor of China from the Ming dynasty (since the Yongle Emperor) to the end of the Qing dynasty, between 1420 and 1924.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Albert Einstein died in 1956.
Wikipedia page: Albert Einstein (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Life and career | Death
text: On 17 April 1955, Einstein experienced internal bleeding caused by the rupture of an abdominal aortic aneurysm, which had previously been reinforced surgically by Rudolph Nissen in 1948.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: World War II only had 2 countries involved.
Wikipedia page: World War II (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all the great powers—forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Clemente was an All-Star passionate baseball player who raised awareness about his background and birthplace and is loved and revered internationally.
Wikipedia page: Roberto Clemente (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Potential canonization
text: Rossi did receive positive comments from the executive director of the Clemente Museum in Pittsburgh, while Carmen Nanko-Fernandez, from the Chicago Theological Union, was not confident that Clemente would be canonized, pointing out that Hispanic Catholics can continue to revere Clemente as an unofficial saint.
section_header: Influence on players today
text: He broke through the cultural barrier in the MLB and made Puerto Rican baseball players respected.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The turning point within the novel Lucky Jim comes after Dixon's department head becomes inebriated at the yearly end of year celebration.
Wikipedia page: Lucky Jim (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Plot
text: The novel reaches its climax during Dixon's public lecture on "Merrie England".
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Clement VII didn't want to help Italy.
Wikipedia page: Pope Clement VII (NOCAT)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: He later attempted to liberate Italy from foreign occupation, believing that it threatened the Church's freedom.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Halogen consists of only one element.
Wikipedia page: Halogen (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The halogens () are a group in the periodic table consisting of five chemically related elements: fluorine (F), chlorine (Cl), bromine (Br), iodine (I), and astatine (At).
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Lionel Messi has roots from Italy.
Wikipedia page: Lionel Messi (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: On his father's side, he is of Italian and Spanish descent, the great-grandson of immigrants from the northcentral Adriatic Marche region of Italy and Catalonia, and on his mother's side, he has primarily Italian ancestry.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Randy Johnson's pitching improved after he took the advice from a a baseball legend and changed the part of his body he put his weight on after firing a ball off the mound.
Wikipedia page: Randy Johnson (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Major league career (1988–2009) | Seattle Mariners (1989–1998) | 1989–1992
text: Ryan suggested that he land on the ball of his foot, and almost immediately, he began finding the strike zone more consistently.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: There has been numerous adaptations of the novel, The Mill on the Floss" .
Wikipedia page: The Mill on the Floss (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Adaptations
text: A single-episode television adaptation of the novel was first aired on 1 January 1997.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Aquaman the movie is based on a William Arthur book.
Wikipedia page: Aquaman (film) (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Aquaman is a 2018 American superhero film based on the DC Comics character of the same name.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Mike Piazza sued the person that hit him in the head with a waterbottle during a game.
Wikipedia page: Mike Piazza (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Major league career | Oakland Athletics
text: On July 25, 2007, in the top of the ninth inning in a game between the Angels and Athletics at Angel Stadium, a fan threw a water bottle that hit Piazza, who had homered earlier in the game.
section_header: Major league career | Oakland Athletics
text: Piazza pressed charges against Flores.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Shania Twain's mother's husband is Ojibwe.
Wikipedia page: Shania Twain (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: Sharon married Jerry Twain, an Ojibwa from the nearby Mattagami First Nation, and they had son Mark together.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Cimarron was a western movie and had a woman elected to Congress.
Wikipedia page: Cimarron (1931 film) (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Plot
text: Years later, when Sabra becomes the first female congresswoman from the state of Oklahoma, she lauds the virtues of her then Indian daughter-in-law.
section_header: Summary
text: Cimarron is a 1931 Pre-Code Western film directed by Wesley Ruggles, starring Richard Dix and Irene Dunne, and featuring Estelle Taylor and Roscoe Ates.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Johann Strauss, composed over 500 waltzes and grew up in Munich, Germany.
Wikipedia page: Johann Strauss, the Younger (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: Strauss was born into a Catholic family in St Ulrich near Vienna (now a part of Neubau), Austria, on 25 October 1825, to the composer Johann Strauss I.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Despite the name of the film, Chicago was filmed in Toronto.
Wikipedia page: Chicago (2002 film) (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Production and development
text: Other scenes were filmed at Queen's Park, the former Gooderham and Worts Distillery, Casa Loma, the Elgin Theatre, Union Station, the Canada Life Building, the Danforth Music Hall, and at the Old City Hall.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: No Exit is based on three people being stuck in a confined space forever.
Wikipedia page: No Exit (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: It is a depiction of the afterlife in which three deceased characters are punished by being locked into a room together for eternity.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: American baseball player Max Carey finished college and got along well with others.
Wikipedia page: Max Carey (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Professional career | Minor league baseball
text: He also recorded 25 assists. Able to make a career in baseball, Carey decided to drop out of Concordia.
section_header: Professional career | Later career
text: The organization stated that they fired Carey due to his inability to get along with his players.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Dick Tracy' real original name was Richard Tracy.
Wikipedia page: Dick Tracy (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Dick Tracy is an American comic strip featuring Dick Tracy (originally Plainclothes Tracy), a tough and intelligent police detective created by Chester Gould.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Toy Story's producer did not deny the chance of a Toy Story 5 movie.
Wikipedia page: Toy Story 4 (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Future | Possible sequel
text: He said to Ellen DeGeneres that Tim Allen had "warned him about the emotional final goodbye between their characters Woody and Buzz Lightyear in Toy Story 4." However, Nielsen did not rule out a possibility of a fifth film, stating, "Every film we make, we treat it like it's the first and the last film we're ever going to make, so you force yourself to make it hold up.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The screenwriters for the television series Breaking Bad had a DEA employee as an advisor.
Wikipedia page: Breaking Bad (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Production | Scientific accuracy
text: We also have a chemist with the Drug Enforcement Administration based out of Dallas who has just been hugely helpful to us." Nelson spoke of Gilligan's interest in having the science right, saying that Gilligan "said it made a difference to him.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Towering Inferno is a horror mystery film.
Wikipedia page: The Towering Inferno (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The Towering Inferno is a 1974 American disaster film produced by Irwin Allen featuring an ensemble cast led by Paul Newman and Steve McQueen.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: One of the themes of Leo Tolstoy's novel Anna Karenina is lust.
Wikipedia page: Anna Karenina (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Style and major themes
text: Anna Karenina is commonly thought to explore the themes of hypocrisy, jealousy, faith, fidelity, family, marriage, society, progress, carnal desire and passion, and the agrarian connection to land in contrast to the lifestyles of the city.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: A Streetcar Named Desire is a play written by Tennessee Williams about the character's Blanche and Belle Reve in Louisiana.
Wikipedia page: A Streetcar Named Desire (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Plot
text: Blanche hands over all the documents pertaining to Belle Reve.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The mean cost to cross the Panama Canal is over $60k.
Wikipedia page: Panama Canal (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Canal | Tolls
text: The average toll is around US$54,000.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Dandridge was referred to as "Buddha" in baseball.
Wikipedia page: Ray Dandridge (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Raymond Emmitt Dandridge (August 31, 1913 – February 12, 1994), nicknamed "Hooks" and "Squat", was an American third baseman in baseball's Negro leagues.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Garth Brooks left Oklahoma and moved to Tennessee.
Wikipedia page: Garth Brooks (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Career | 1985–89: Musical beginnings
text: In 1987, Brooks and wife Sandy Mahl moved to Nashville, and Brooks began making contacts in the music industry.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Ivanhoe: A Romance was published in 3 volumes that closely followed the medieval times as accurately as possible.
Wikipedia page: Ivanhoe (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: At the time it was written it represented a shift by Scott away from fairly realistic novels set in Scotland in the comparatively recent past, to a somewhat fanciful depiction of medieval England.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: In Terms of Endearment, the mother and daughter have a distant but loving relationship.
Wikipedia page: Terms of Endearment (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Plot
text: Despite their frequent spats and difficulty getting along, Emma and Aurora have a tie between them that cannot be broken, and keep in touch by telephone.
section_header: Plot
text: Widowed Aurora Greenway (Shirley MacLaine) keeps several suitors at arm's length in Houston, focusing instead on her close, but controlling, relationship with daughter Emma (Debra Winger).
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: YouTube is an American online video-sharing platform that was made up by 3 past Google employees.
Wikipedia page: YouTube (Technology)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Three former PayPal employees—Chad Hurley, Steve Chen, and Jawed Karim—created the service in February 2005.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Most of Chile's residents live in rural areas.
Wikipedia page: Chile (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Demographics
text: About 85 percent of the country's population lives in urban areas, with 40 percent living in Greater Santiago.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Johannes Brahms was a devoted Catholic which influenced much of his work.
Wikipedia page: Johannes Brahms (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Beliefs
text: The devout Catholic Antonín Dvořák wrote in a letter: "Such a man, such a fine soul – and he believes in nothing!
section_header: Summary
text: Born in Hamburg into a Lutheran family, Brahms spent much of his professional life in Vienna.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Garvey died from complications of stroke in 1940
Wikipedia page: Marcus Garvey (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Later years | Death and burial: 1940
text: In January 1940, Garvey suffered a stroke which left him largely paralysed.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Alcibiades  proved himself a proponent of lateral thinking and guerrilla tactics as opposed to traditional strategies.
Wikipedia page: Alcibiades (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: He favored unconventional tactics, frequently winning cities over by treachery or negotiation rather than by siege.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Jake Beckley didn't not play a sport that wasn't something besides Baseball in a completely professional capacity for more than four different teams in the Major Leagues.
Wikipedia page: Jake Beckley (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: He played in Major League Baseball for the Pittsburgh Alleghenys, Pittsburgh Burghers, Pittsburgh Pirates, New York Giants, Cincinnati Reds and St. Louis Cardinals from 1888 to 1907.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Battle of Salamis took place on a small mountain.
Wikipedia page: Battle of Salamis (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The battle was fought in the straits between the mainland and Salamis, an island in the Saronic Gulf near Athens, and marked the high point of the second Persian invasion of Greece.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The play is based on a book that neither of them wrote or had a hand in making.
Wikipedia page: The King and I (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: It is based on Margaret Landon's novel, Anna and the King of Siam (1944), which is in turn derived from the memoirs of Anna Leonowens, governess to the children of King Mongkut of Siam in the early 1860s.
section_header: Productions | Original productions
text: Margaret Landon, author of the book on which the musical was based, was not invited to opening night.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Morgan Freeman starred in a gospel film about driving and sipping tea, which he felt was racist.
Wikipedia page: Morgan Freeman (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Career | 1989–1996: Mainstream film acclaim
text: Next, Freeman starred in the comedy-drama Driving Miss Daisy, alongside Jessica Tandy and Dan Aykroyd.
section_header: Other ventures | Environmental and political activism
text: In an interview on CNN's Piers Morgan Tonight, Freeman drew controversy when he accused the Tea Party movement of racism.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Gorillaz, a British virtual band created in 1998 by musician Damon Albarn and artist Jamie Hewlett, consists of four animated band members.
Wikipedia page: Gorillaz (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The band primarily consists of four animated members: Stuart "2-D" Pot, Murdoc Niccals, Noodle, and Russel Hobbs.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: McCovey was so good at hitting home runs, pitchers walked him on purpose.
Wikipedia page: Willie McCovey (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Professional career | Legacy
text: Reds manager Sparky Anderson also had a healthy respect for the damage McCovey could do, saying "I walked Willie McCovey so many times, he could have walked to the moon on all those walks." McCovey's bat was so lethal in his prime he was intentionally walked an all-time record 45 times in 1969, shattering the previous record by a dozen.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Aaron Burr had a son that passed away at 10 years old and was killed by Alexander Hamilton.
Wikipedia page: Aaron Burr (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Children and parenthood | Burr's daughter Theodosia
text: They had a son together, Aaron Burr Alston, who died of fever at age ten.
section_header: Later life and death | Death
text: In 1836, Burr died on Staten Island in the village of Port Richmond, in a boardinghouse that later became known as the St. James Hotel.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Maria Curie wouldn't remember to take her meals because of her steady focus on school work.
Wikipedia page: Maria Skłodowska-Curie (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Life | New life in Paris
text: She focused so hard on her studies that she sometimes forgot to eat.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Darius I was the British King in 1223.
Wikipedia page: Darius I (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Modern: Darəyaveš, Tiberian: Dārǝyāweš; c. 550–486 BCE), commonly known as Darius the Great, was the third Persian King of Kings of the Achaemenid Empire, reigning from 522 BCE until his death in 486 BCE.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Peter Pan is a fictional character that was created at the beginning of the 20th century.
Wikipedia page: Peter Pan (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Origin
text: Peter Pan first appeared as a character in Barrie's The Little White Bird (1902), an adult novel.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Numerous portions of the wall have been demolished to facilitate other developmental projects.
Wikipedia page: Great Wall of China (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Condition
text: Parts have been destroyed to make way for construction or mining.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Giacomo Puccini is considered the best opera composer after Verdi.
Wikipedia page: Giacomo Puccini (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Giacomo Antonio Domenico Michele Secondo Maria Puccini (UK:  puu-CHEE-nee, US:  poo-, Italian: [ˈdʒaːkomo putˈtʃiːni]; 22 December 1858 –  29 November 1924) was an Italian opera composer who has been called "the greatest composer of Italian opera after Verdi".
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Snails and slugs are the most plentiful species of this group.
Wikipedia page: Mollusca (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The gastropods (snails and slugs) are by far the most numerous molluscs and account for 80% of the total classified species.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Dances with Wolves is a film about a soldier interaction with the Lakota people.
Wikipedia page: Dances with Wolves (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: It is a film adaptation of the 1988 book of the same name by Michael Blake that tells the story of Union Army lieutenant John J. Dunbar (Costner) who travels to the American frontier to find a military post and of his dealings with a group of Lakota.
section_header: Summary
text: Dances with Wolves is a 1990 American epic Western film starring, directed and produced by Kevin Costner in his feature directorial debut.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Republican politician John Sherman was almost nominated for president three times but instead served as Secretary of the Treasury after the Civil War.
Wikipedia page: John Sherman (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: He also served as Secretary of the Treasury and Secretary of State.
section_header: Summary
text: After the war, he worked to produce legislation that would restore the nation's credit abroad and produce a stable, gold-backed currency at home.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Troilus and Cressida is a tragedy.
Wikipedia page: Troilus and Cressida (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: ... This is tragedy of a special sort – the "tragedy" the basis of which is the impossibility of conventional tragedy.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Charge of the Light Brigade was a great victory for British cavalry, who completely destroyed the Russian artillery unit they were sent after.
Wikipedia page: The Charge of the Light Brigade (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The Charge of the Light Brigade was a failed military action involving the British light cavalry led by Lord Cardigan against Russian forces during the Battle of Balaclava on 25 October 1854 in the Crimean War.
section_header: Aftermath
text: The brigade was not completely destroyed, but did suffer terribly, with 118 men killed, 127 wounded, and about 60 taken prisoner.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Crying of Lot 49 is the least long book from its writer.
Wikipedia page: The Crying of Lot 49 (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The Crying of Lot 49 (1965) is the shortest novel published by American author Thomas Pynchon.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Manchester United Football Club was established in England.
Wikipedia page: Manchester United F.C. (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Manchester United Football Club is a professional football club based in Old Trafford, Greater Manchester, England, that competes in the Premier League, the top flight of English football.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Sound of Music was the final musical that Oscar Hammerstein wrote the lyrics for.
Wikipedia page: The Sound of Music (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The Sound of Music was the last musical written by Rodgers and Hammerstein; Oscar Hammerstein died of stomach cancer nine months after the Broadway premiere.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Michael Clayton has grossed $49 million at the North American domestic box office, and a total of $92.9 million worldwide, and was nominated for seven Academy Awards.
Wikipedia page: Michael Clayton (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: It was nominated for seven Academy Awards, including Best Picture, Best Director and Best Original Screenplay, as well as Best Actor for Clooney,
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Fugitive slave laws were never passed in the US.
Wikipedia page: Fugitive slave laws (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The fugitive slave laws were laws passed by the United States Congress in 1793 and 1850 to provide for the return of enslaved people who escaped from one state into another state or territory.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Equal Rights Amendment was originally introduced in 1923 and the last attempt to move it into practice was in 2019.
Wikipedia page: Equal Rights Amendment (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The first version of an ERA was written by Alice Paul and Crystal Eastman and introduced in Congress in December 1923.In the early history of the Equal Rights Amendment, middle-class women were largely supportive, while those speaking for the working class were often opposed, pointing out that employed women needed special protections regarding working conditions and employment hours.
section_header: Subsequent congressional action | Proposed removal of ratification deadline
text: The subcommittee heard testimony on the amendment and extension of the deadline on April 30, 2019.On November 8, 2019, Representative Jackie Speier (D-California) re-introduced the bill as H.J.Res.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Murder on the Orient Express was published first in the US.
Wikipedia page: Murder on the Orient Express (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: It was first published in the United Kingdom by the Collins Crime Club on 1 January 1934.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Aside from writing the first U.S economic policies, Alexander Hamilton has also been credited for establishing the U.S Coast Guard.
Wikipedia page: Alexander Hamilton (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: He was an influential interpreter and promoter of the U.S. Constitution, as well as the founder of the nation's financial system, the Federalist Party, the United States Coast Guard, and the New York Post newspaper.
section_header: Summary
text: As the first secretary of the treasury, Hamilton was the main author of the economic policies of George Washington's administration.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Robert De Niro's first breakout role was in Greetings, a film about avoiding the draft.
Wikipedia page: Robert De Niro (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: His first major onscreen appearance was in Greetings (1968).
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The filming of the movie, Close Encounters of the Third Kind were done in four different locations.
Wikipedia page: Close Encounters of the Third Kind (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Production | Filming
text: Filming took place in Burbank, California; Devils Tower National Monument in Wyoming; two abandoned World War II airship hangars at the former Brookley Air Force Base in Mobile, Alabama; and the Louisville and Nashville Railroad depot in Bay Minette, Alabama.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: R.U.R. is a classic title for the  1920 science fiction play and later a sci-fi series with a vehicle driven on the road by a robot.
Wikipedia page: R.U.R. (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: In popular culture
text: One of the robots is seen driving a car with "RUR" as the license plate number.
section_header: Summary
text: R.U.R. is a 1920 science fiction play by the Czech writer Karel Čapek.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Anne Frank's diary actually had a couple of renditions written by her.
Wikipedia page: The Diary of Anne Frank (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Editorial history
text: There are two versions of the diary written by Anne Frank.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The House of Mirth novel by author Edith Wharton was re-enacted into a play in 1908.
Wikipedia page: The House of Mirth (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Adaptations
text: The Play of the novel The House of Mirth (1906), by Edith Wharton and Clyde Fitch.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Tom Cruise's ex-wife, Nicole Kidman, introduced him to Scientology, but now regrets having done so.
Wikipedia page: Tom Cruise (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Cruise has been married to actresses Mimi Rogers, Nicole Kidman, and Katie Holmes.
section_header: Personal life | Scientology
text: He became involved with Scientology in 1990 through his first wife, Mimi Rogers.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Göbekli Tepe is in the Northwest region of Syria.
Wikipedia page: Göbekli Tepe (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Göbekli Tepe (Turkish: [ɟœbecˈli teˈpe], "Potbelly Hill") is an archaeological site in the Southeastern Anatolia Region of Turkey approximately 12 km (7 mi) northeast of the city of Şanlıurfa.
Verdict: REFUTES