tasksource/fool-me-twice huggingface dataset:
Claim: West and his mother founded the "Kayne West Foundation" in Chicago in 2003.
Wikipedia page: Kanye West (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Other ventures | Philanthropy
text: West, alongside his mother, founded the "Kanye West Foundation" in Chicago in 2003, tasked with a mission to battle dropout and illiteracy rates, while partnering with community organizations to provide underprivileged youth access to music education.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The U.S. state of Philadelphia was originally part of the New Netherland colony before it became an English colony.
Wikipedia page: Philadelphia (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: History
text: The English conquered the New Netherland colony in 1664, though the situation did not change substantially until 1682 when the area was included in William Penn's charter for Pennsylvania.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Rogue One: A Star Wars Story eceived two Oscar nominations for Best Sound Mixing and Best Visual Effects grossing $532.2 million in the United States and Canada and $523.8 million in other countries for a worldwide total of $1.056 billion.
Wikipedia page: Rogue One: A Star Wars Story (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Reception | Box office
text: Rogue One grossed $532.2 million in the United States and Canada and $523.8 million in other countries for a worldwide total of $1.056 billion.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Ostend Manifesto of 1854 was about annexing Cuba to extend slavery to Cuba.
Wikipedia page: Ostend Manifesto (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Writing the Manifesto
text: The Manifesto urged against inaction on the Cuban question, warning,  We should, however, be recreant to our duty, be unworthy of our gallant forefathers, and commit base treason against our posterity, should we permit Cuba to be Africanized and become a second St. Domingo (Haiti), with all its attendant horrors to the white race, and suffer the flames to extend to our own neighboring shores, seriously to endanger or actually to consume the fair fabric of our Union.
section_header: Fallout
text: When the document was published, Northerners were outraged by what they considered a Southern attempt to extend slavery.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Alan Arkin was born in Brooklyn, New York City, on March 26, 1934 and had a film career spanning seven decades.
Wikipedia page: Alan Arkin (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: With a film career spanning seven decades, Arkin is known for his performances in The Russians Are Coming, the Russians Are Coming (1966); Wait Until Dark (1967); The Heart Is a Lonely Hunter (1968); Popi (1969); Catch-22 (1970); The In-Laws (1979); Edward Scissorhands (1990); The Rocketeer (1991); Glengarry Glen Ross (1992); Thirteen Conversations About One Thing (2001); Little Miss Sunshine (2006); Get Smart (2008); Sunshine Cleaning (2008); and Argo (2012).
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Angelina Jolie contacted the UNCR after filming Lara Croft: Tomb Raider in Zimbabwe.
Wikipedia page: Angelina Jolie (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Humanitarian work | UNHCR ambassadorship
text: Upon her return home, Jolie contacted the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) for information on international trouble spots.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Dietrich Buxtehude is a music composer from Portugal.
Wikipedia page: Dietrich Buxtehude (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Today, Buxtehude is considered one of the most important composers in Germany of the mid-Baroque.
section_header: Summary
text: Dieterich Buxtehude (German: [ˈdiːtəʁɪç bʊkstəˈhuːdə]; Danish: Diderich, pronounced [ˈtiðˀəʁek bukstəˈhuːðə]; c. 1637/39 – 9 May 1707) was a Danish-German organist and composer of the Baroque period.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Enrico Fermi was the first kid from his parents.
Wikipedia page: Enrico Fermi (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: He was the third child of Alberto Fermi, a division head in the Ministry of Railways, and Ida de Gattis, an elementary school teacher.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Lemon was a Gemini because he was born in June 1920.
Wikipedia page: Bob Lemon (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Robert Granville Lemon (September 22, 1920 – January 11, 2000) was an American right-handed pitcher and manager in Major League Baseball (MLB).
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The singer, Barry Manilow, has sold over 75,000,000 albums and has had a career for over four decades.
Wikipedia page: Barry Manilow (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Manilow has sold more than 75 million records as a solo artist worldwide, making him one of the world's best-selling artists.
section_header: Summary
text: Barry Manilow (born Barry Alan Pincus, June 17, 1943) is an American singer-songwriter, arranger, musician, producer and actor, with a career that has spanned more than 50 years.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: RMS Titanic was a ship that hit an object in the ocean carrying 2,224 passengers.
Wikipedia page: RMS Titanic (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: RMS Titanic was a British passenger liner operated by the White Star Line that sank in the North Atlantic Ocean in the early morning hours of 15 April 1912, after striking an iceberg during her maiden voyage from Southampton to New York City.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: John Tyler was a politician in the 1800s.
Wikipedia page: John Tyler (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: John Tyler (March 29, 1790 – January 18, 1862) was the tenth president of the United States from 1841 to 1845 after briefly serving as the tenth vice president in 1841; he was elected vice president on the 1840 Whig ticket with President William Henry Harrison.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Roy Halladay number was retired by the Toronto Blue Jays and the Philadelphia Phillies after his death.
Wikipedia page: Roy Halladay (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Legacy
text: However, due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the number retirement was postponed.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Mughal Empire ended in the 1750s.
Wikipedia page: Mughal Empire (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: This imperial structure lasted until 1720, until shortly after the death of the last major emperor, Aurangzeb, during whose reign the empire also achieved its maximum geographical extent.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Midnight Cowboy was the only film to win Best Picture that had a X-rating and is about a male prostitute that lives in Las Vegas.
Wikipedia page: Midnight Cowboy (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Plot
text: Joe Buck, a young Texan working as a dishwasher, quits his job and heads to New York City to become a male prostitute.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Kiki Cuyler was a Michigander.
Wikipedia page: Kiki Cuyler (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: Cuyler was born in Harrisville, Michigan, on August 30, 1898, to George and Anna Cuyler.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Ingrid Daubechies received the National Academy of Sciences Award in Mathematics for her work in developing connections between geometry and combinatorics.
Wikipedia page: Ingrid Daubechies (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Awards and honors
text: The award honored her "for fundamental discoveries on wavelets and wavelet expansions and for her role in making wavelets methods a practical basic tool of applied mathematics".
section_header: Awards and honors
text: She became a foreign member of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1999.In 2000, Daubechies became the first woman to receive the National Academy of Sciences Award in Mathematics, presented every 4 years for excellence in published mathematical research.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Rube Foster was a Texan and a great pitcher.
Wikipedia page: Rube Foster (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Early years
text: Foster was born in Calvert, Texas on September 17, 1879.
section_header: Summary
text: Foster, considered by historians to have been perhaps the best African-American pitcher of the first decade of the 1900s, also founded and managed the Chicago American Giants, one of the most successful black baseball teams of the pre-integration era.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Defiant Ones is a movie about a gang of teens in a poor neighborhood in New York that was released in 1959.
Wikipedia page: The Defiant Ones (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The Defiant Ones is a 1958 adventure drama film which tells the story of two escaped prisoners, one white and one black, who are shackled together and who must co-operate in order to survive.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Coldplay has four bandmates.
Wikipedia page: Coldplay (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Vocalist and pianist Chris Martin, guitarist Jonny Buckland, bassist Guy Berryman, and drummer Will Champion met at University College London and began playing music together from 1996 to 1998, first calling themselves Pectoralz and then Starfish before finally changing their name to Coldplay.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Platoons are found in every branch of the US armed forces.
Wikipedia page: Platoon (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Modern organization | United States | Air Force
text: The United States Air Force has a similarly sized and configured unit called a flight.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: There Will Be Blood won an accolade named after an ursine made of precious metal at its first ever showing.
Wikipedia page: There Will Be Blood (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: It premiered at the Berlin International Film Festival, where it won the Silver Bear Award for Best Director and a Special Artistic Contribution Award for Jonny Greenwood's score.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Fidel Castro, a Cuban revolutionary and politician who served as Prime Minister of Cuba, converted his country into a two party state.
Wikipedia page: Fidel Castro (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Adopting a Marxist–Leninist model of development, Castro converted Cuba into a one-party, socialist state under Communist Party rule, the first in the Western Hemisphere.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Scott Joplin died from cancer.
Wikipedia page: Scott Joplin (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: In 1916, Joplin descended into dementia as a result of syphilis.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Grey's Anatomy's lead character is portrayed by Ellen Pompeo.
Wikipedia page: Grey's Anatomy (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Plot
text: The series follows the life of Meredith Grey (Ellen Pompeo), the daughter of esteemed general surgeon Ellis Grey, starting from her acceptance into the surgical residency program at the fictional Seattle Grace Hospital, (later named Grey Sloan Memorial Hospital).
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Sea Wolf is a tragedy.
Wikipedia page: The Sea Wolf (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The Sea-Wolf is a 1904 psychological adventure novel by American writer Jack London.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Mordecai Brown was an athlete in the MLB dead-ball era and was called "Miner".
Wikipedia page: Mordecai Brown (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: He was also known as "Miner", having worked in western Indiana coal mines for a while before beginning his professional baseball career.
section_header: Summary
text: Mordecai Peter Centennial Brown (October 19, 1876 – February 14, 1948), nicknamed Three Finger or Miner, was an American Major League Baseball pitcher and manager during the first two decades of the 20th century (known as the "dead-ball era").
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The New York Yankees has the most World Series titles.
Wikipedia page: New York Yankees (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: World Series championships
text: The Yankees have won a record 27 World Series Championships.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: In chemical engineering, a flow of heat must be part of matter's exit or entrance to be a factor of the system's entropy.
Wikipedia page: Entropy (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Applications | Entropy balance equation for open systems
text: This account, in terms of heat and work, is valid only for cases in which the work and heat transfers are by paths physically distinct from the paths of entry and exit of matter from the system.
section_header: Applications | Entropy balance equation for open systems
text: If there are mass flows across the system boundaries, they also influence the total entropy of the system.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Williams played for the Astros in 1963.
Wikipedia page: Dick Williams (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Biography | Playing career
text: Williams never played for Houston; he was acquired in an off-season "paper transaction" on October 12, 1962, then traded to the Red Sox for another outfielder, Carroll Hardy, on December 10.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: JD.com is the only extensive B2C retailer in Japan that was founded by Liu Qiangdong.
Wikipedia page: JD.com (Technology)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: It is one of the two massive B2C online retailers in China by transaction volume and revenue, a member of the Fortune Global 500 and a major competitor to Alibaba-run Tmall.
section_header: Price war with Dangdang | Price war in physical books
text: On December 10, 2010, JD's founder Liu Qiangdong announced through his Weibo account that every book sold on JD.com would be priced at 20 percent cheaper than its competitors.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Haile Selassie was related to Emperor Menelik I.
Wikipedia page: Haile Selassie (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: He was a member of the Solomonic dynasty who traced his lineage to Emperor Menelik I.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Debs passed due to an unknown virus at the time in a sanitarium.
Wikipedia page: Eugene V. Debs (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Debs died in 1926, not long after being admitted to a sanatorium due to cardiovascular problems that developed during his time in prison.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Earle Combs was a Chicago Cubs batter.
Wikipedia page: Earle Combs (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Earle Bryan Combs (May 14, 1899 – July 21, 1976) was an American professional baseball player who played his entire career for the New York Yankees (1924–1935).
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Sam Rice joined the Navy before playing for the Washington Senators as an outfielder.
Wikipedia page: Sam Rice (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Early baseball career
text: In 1913, he joined the United States Navy and served on the USS New Hampshire, a 16,000-ton battleship that was large enough to field a baseball team.
section_header: Summary
text: Edgar Charles "Sam" Rice (February 20, 1890 – October 13, 1974) was an American pitcher and outfielder in Major League Baseball.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The show The Walking Dead was first released in October of 2011.
Wikipedia page: The Walking Dead (TV series) (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The series premiered on October 31, 2010.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Weber is a Welsh composer.
Wikipedia page: Andrew Lloyd-Webber (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Andrew Lloyd Webber, Baron Lloyd-Webber (born 22 March 1948) is an English composer and impresario of musical theatre.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Happy Chandler was a Senator for Virginia.
Wikipedia page: Happy Chandler (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Albert Benjamin Albert Benjamin "Happy" Chandler Sr. (July 14, 1898 – June 15, 1991) was an American politician from Kentucky.
section_header: Summary
text: He represented Kentucky in the U.S. Senate and served as its 44th and 49th governor.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Saoirse Una Ronan's breakout movie came in 2007.
Wikipedia page: Saoirse Ronan (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Her breakthrough came with the role of a precocious teenager in Atonement (2007), which earned her a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress.
section_header: Summary
text: Saoirse Una Ronan ( SUR-shə; born 12 April 1994) is an Irish and American actress.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Caligula was the third child of the kids from his parents that survived.
Wikipedia page: Caligula (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: Gaius Julius Caesar (named in honor of his famous relative) was born in Antium (modern Anzio and Nettuno) on 31 August 12 AD, the third of six surviving children born to Germanicus and his second cousin Agrippina the Elder.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Julio Iglesias is the father of Enrique Iglesias, who is the youngest of 3 boys from his first wife.
Wikipedia page: Julio Iglesias (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Personal life
text: The couple had three children: Chábeli (born 3 September 1971), a socialite; Julio Jr. (born 25 February 1973), a singer; and Enrique (born 8 May 1975), an internationally successful singer-songwriter, actor, and record producer.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Activation energy is not calculated in watts.
Wikipedia page: Activation energy (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The activation energy (Ea) of a reaction is measured in joules per mole (J/mol), kilojoules per mole (kJ/mol) or kilocalories per mole (kcal/mol).
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Stephen Sondheim is a musician that has been awarded many awards.
Wikipedia page: Stephen Sondheim (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: He has received an Academy Award, eight Tony Awards (more than any other composer, including a Special Tony Award for Lifetime Achievement in the Theatre), eight Grammy Awards, a Pulitzer Prize, a Laurence Olivier Award, and a 2015 Presidential Medal of Freedom.
section_header: Summary
text: Stephen Joshua Sondheim (; born March 22, 1930) is an American composer and lyricist known for his work in musical theatre.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Gandhi finished the university and later moved with his family.
Wikipedia page: Mahatma Gandhi (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Biography | Early life and background
text: But he dropped out and returned to his family in Porbandar.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Ban Johnson was an American executive in professional baseball that died and was buried in St. Louis Missouri.
Wikipedia page: Ban Johnson (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Legacy
text: He was laid to rest at Riverside Cemetery in Spencer, Indiana.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The film "Arrival" is an adaptation of a science fiction short novel.
Wikipedia page: Arrival (film) (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Production | Development and pre-production
text: Arrival is based on the Nebula-winning science fiction novella, "Story of Your Life" by Ted Chiang, written in 1998.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Wembley Stadium in London is the second structure by the same name although the new structure is five miles away from the original.
Wikipedia page: Wembley Stadium (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: It opened in 2007 on the site of the original Wembley Stadium, which was demolished from 2002 to 2003.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Martin Van Buren is the only U.S president whose first language isn't English.
Wikipedia page: Martin Van Buren (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Martin Van Buren ( van BEWR-ən; born Maarten Van Buren; December 5, 1782 – July 24, 1862) was an American statesman who served as the eighth president of the United States from 1837 to 1841.
section_header: Summary
text: Van Buren was born into a family of Dutch Americans in Kinderhook, New York; he was the first President to have been born after the American Revolution — in which his father served as a Patriot — and is the only President to speak English as a second language.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Francis Drake was born in the British Virgin Islands on a ship to his mother, Elizabeth, and his father, Drake, who was a shipbuilder.
Wikipedia page: Francis Drake (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Birth and early years
text: of the Elizabethan era Francis Drake was born in Tavistock, Devon, England.
section_header: Career at sea | Drake's first victory
text: One of these men was Diego, who under Drake became a free man was also a capable ship builder.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Doppler effect does not happen to everyone.
Wikipedia page: Doppler effect (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The Doppler effect (or the Doppler shift) is the change in frequency of a wave in relation to an observer who is moving relative to the wave source.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: This landmark sets a record for it's vertical reach.
Wikipedia page: Burj Khalifa (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Construction and structure | Milestones
text: 10 March 2010: Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat certifies Burj Khalifa as world's tallest building.
section_header: Summary
text: The building broke numerous height records, including its designation as the tallest building in the world.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Nickel is a flammable mineral.
Wikipedia page: Nickel (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Nickel belongs to the transition metals and is hard and ductile.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Hilton was the lead catcher of the Kansas team during his entire career.
Wikipedia page: Hilton Smith (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Negro league career
text: From 1937 until his retirement in 1948, Smith was a star pitcher on the Monarchs.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Kanye West's father was once a Black Panther who later became a Christian counselor.
Wikipedia page: Kanye West (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: His father, Ray West, is a former Black Panther and was one of the first black photojournalists at The Atlanta Journal-Constitution.
section_header: Early life
text: Ray West was later a Christian counselor, and in 2006, opened the Good Water Store and Café in Lexington Park, Maryland with startup capital from his son.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The character construction was by Goro Taniguchi for Code Geass.
Wikipedia page: Code Geass (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: It was directed by Gorō Taniguchi and written by Ichirō Ōkouchi, with original character designs by Clamp.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Crucible was a movie but the script was written by Melvyn Douglas because the original writer passed away in 1953.
Wikipedia page: The Crucible (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Adaptations | Film
text: 1996 – The Crucible with a screenplay by Arthur Miller himself.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: American actor Fredric March won the Academy Award and he served in World War I.
Wikipedia page: Fredric March (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: March is one of only two actors, the other being Helen Hayes, to have won both the Academy Award and the Tony Award twice.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Frank Grant played baseball for the New-York Yankees.
Wikipedia page: Frank Grant (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Baseball career
text: He played semipro baseball in Pittsfield and in Plattsburgh, New York.
section_header: Baseball career
text: He signed with the Buffalo Bisons in the International League, one level below the major leagues, later that season.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Jack Lemmon was an American actor and musician that starred in over 60 movies until he passed away from colon cancer at seventy-six.
Wikipedia page: Jack Lemmon (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Death
text: On June 27, 2001, Lemmon died of bladder cancer at the age of 76.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Battle of Chancellorsville took place in Arkansas.
Wikipedia page: Battle of Chancellorsville (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: It was fought from April 30 to May 6, 1863, in Spotsylvania County, Virginia, near the village of Chancellorsville.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: James Monroe held many jobs like forensic scientist.
Wikipedia page: James Monroe (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: James Monroe (; April 28, 1758 – July 4, 1831) was an American statesman, lawyer, diplomat and Founding Father who served as the fifth president of the United States from 1817 to 1825.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Sicily is the economic powerhouse of Italy.
Wikipedia page: Sicily (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Economy
text: However, Sicily continues to have a GDP per capita below the Italian average and higher unemployment than the rest of Italy.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: There was a lifesaving device on the same grounds where William McKinley was killed by an anarchist that simply wasn't employed.
Wikipedia page: William McKinley (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Presidency (1897–1901) | Assassination
text: Although a primitive X-ray machine was being exhibited on the Exposition grounds, it was not used.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The House of Mirth is about a woman pretending to be rich looking for a rich husband.
Wikipedia page: The House of Mirth (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: It tells the story of Lily Bart, a well-born but impoverished woman belonging to New York City's high society around the end of the 19th century.
section_header: Summary
text: Wharton creates a portrait of a stunning beauty who, though raised and educated to marry well both socially and economically, is reaching her 29th year, an age when her youthful blush is drawing to a close and her marital prospects are becoming ever more limited.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The English Patient is a book is written in a non sequential order.
Wikipedia page: The English Patient (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Plot synopsis
text: The story is told out of sequence, moving back and forth between the severely burned "English" patient's memories from before his accident and current events at the bomb-damaged Villa San Girolamo (in Fiesole), an Italian monastery, where he is being cared for by  Hana, a troubled young Canadian Army nurse.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: George Clooney is a native of Kentucky.
Wikipedia page: George Clooney (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: Clooney was born on May 6, 1961 in Lexington, Kentucky.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Jim Bottomley went back to baseball in the late 1930's.
Wikipedia page: Jim Bottomley (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Professional career | St. Louis Browns
text: Bottomley decided to return to baseball in 1937.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Peace of Westphalia was were peace treaties were signed and it ended a long war for the Roman Empire.
Wikipedia page: Peace of Westphalia (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: They ended the Thirty Years' War and brought peace to the Holy Roman Empire.
section_header: Summary
text: The Peace of Westphalia (German: Westfälischer Friede) were two peace treaties signed in October 1648 in the Westphalian cities of Osnabrück and Münster.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Annelida are commonly known as ringed worms or segmented worms that only breed asexually.
Wikipedia page: Annelida (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Description | Reproduction and life cycle | Asexual reproduction
text: Some oligochaetes, such as Aulophorus furcatus, seem to reproduce entirely asexually, while others reproduce asexually in summer and sexually in autumn.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Fahrenheit 451 happens in New York City.
Wikipedia page: Fahrenheit 451 (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Plot summary
text: Fahrenheit 451 is set in an unspecified city (likely in the American Midwest) in the year 1999 (according to Ray Bradbury's Coda), though it is written as if set in a distant future.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Hungary has nineteen counties.
Wikipedia page: Hungary (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Government and politics | Administrative divisions
text: Hungary is a unitary state nation divided into 19 counties (megye).
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Woody becomes concerned about his new owner and leaves the playroom.
Wikipedia page: Toy Story 4 (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Plot
text: On the day of Bonnie's kindergarten orientation, Woody worries over her and sneaks into her backpack.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Tarantino called the movie Once Upon a Time in Hollywood because it is what an expose from a famous gossip magazine about the 1940s is called.
Wikipedia page: Once Upon a Time in Hollywood (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Pop culture references
text: The title is a reference to director Sergio Leone's second western/American trilogy, Once Upon a Time in the West, Once Upon a Time… the Revolution (which producers insisted on retitling Duck, You Sucker! ), and Once Upon a Time in America.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus is an 1818 novel by Mary Shelley that tells the story of Victor Frankenstein, a young scientist who creates a hideous sapient creature in an unorthodox scientific experiment, was written when she was 18, and the first edition was published anonymously in America when she was 20.
Wikipedia page: Frankenstein (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Shelley started writing the story when she was 18, and the first edition was published anonymously in London on 1 January 1818, when she was 20.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Caroline Affair was a rare instance of citizens of the United States and Canada joining together to physically attack the British.
Wikipedia page: Caroline affair (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: In retaliation, a private militia composed of both US citizens and Canadians attacked a British vessel and destroyed it.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The 1920 play R.U.R. portrays human like robots that are unlike the robots commonly known today.
Wikipedia page: R.U.R. (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: R.U.R. is a 1920 science fiction play by the Czech writer Karel Čapek.
section_header: Robots
text: The Robots described in Čapek's play are not robots in the popularly understood sense of an automaton.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: King Arthur was a legendary British leader who, according to medieval histories and romances, led the defence of Britain against Saxon invaders in the late 5th and early 6th centuries and even modern historians generally agree that he is historical.
Wikipedia page: King Arthur (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The details of Arthur's story are mainly composed of folklore and literary invention, and modern historians generally agree that he is unhistorical.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Kamehameha definitely had extraordinary unnatural abilities, as was made clear by his name's meaning.
Wikipedia page: Kamehameha V (NOCAT)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: Kapu āiwa means mysterious kapu or sacred one protected by supernatural powers.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Maddux is a pitching coach at UNLV.
Wikipedia page: Greg Maddux (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: He is the pitching coach at the University of Nevada, Las Vegas.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: O'Higgins was an impoverished farmhand from Chile.
Wikipedia page: Bernardo O'Higgins (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: He was a wealthy landowner of Spanish and Irish ancestry.
section_header: Summary
text: Bernardo O'Higgins Riquelme (Spanish pronunciation: [beɾˈnaɾðo oˈ(x)iɣins] (listen); 1778–1842) was a Chilean independence leader who freed Chile from Spanish rule in the Chilean War of Independence.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Crucible was a religious drama based on a true event.
Wikipedia page: The Crucible (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The Crucible is a 1953 play by American playwright Arthur Miller.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The English prose reworking Le Morte d'Arthur by Sir Thomas Malory has some confusion over who is the author as there were at were six men who went by that name but mostly scholars believe it was the one born in 1416  as the other one around at the time was a thief.
Wikipedia page: Le Morte d'Arthur (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Authorship
text: The exact identity of the author of Le Morte d'Arthur has long been the subject of speculation, owing to the fact that at least six historical figures bore the name of "Sir Thomas Malory" in the late 15th century.
section_header: Authorship
text: Sir Thomas inherited the family estate in 1434, but by 1450 he was fully engaged in a life of crime.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: American statesman Alexander Hamilton died in a duel.
Wikipedia page: Alexander Hamilton (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Personal life | Married life
text: Elizabeth and Alexander Hamilton had eight children, though there is often confusion because two sons were named Philip:  Philip (1782–1801), died in a duel, just as his father would three years later.
section_header: Post-secretary years | Duel with Burr and death
text: Before the duel, Hamilton wrote a defense of his decision to duel while at the same time intending to "throw away" his shot.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Volpone can be described as a comedic act.
Wikipedia page: Volpone (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Volpone (Italian for "sly fox") is a comedy play by English playwright Ben Jonson first produced in 1605–1606, drawing on elements of city comedy and beast fable.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Ruth Benedict supports marriage by contract.
Wikipedia page: Ruth Benedict (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life | Childhood
text: For example, in her senior year of high school, she wrote a piece called, "Lulu's Wedding (A True Story)" in which she recalled the wedding of a family serving girl.
section_header: Early life | Childhood
text: Instead of romanticizing the event, she revealed the true, unromantic, arranged marriage that Lulu went through because the man would take her, even though he was much older.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The 1888 play Miss Julie has been adapted many times including as an opera.
Wikipedia page: Miss Julie (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Performances and adaptations
text: In 1973, Antonio Bibalo wrote an opera (revised in 1975) which has been performed over 160 times in Germany.
section_header: Performances and adaptations
text: In 1977, William Alwyn's opera, with an English libretto adapted from the play by the composer, was premiered as a BBC Radio 3 broadcast.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The United States Military Academy is visited by people.
Wikipedia page: United States Military Academy (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The campus is a popular tourist destination, with a visitor center and the oldest museum in the United States Army.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Julie Frances Christie has received at least 4 awards in her acting career.
Wikipedia page: Julie Christie (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: An icon of the "swinging London" era of the 1960s, she has received such accolades as an Academy Award, a Golden Globe Award, a BAFTA Award, and a Screen Actors Guild Award.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Friendly relationships with Native American chiefs inspired Longfellow to write The Song of Hiawatha.
Wikipedia page: The Song of Hiawatha (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Longfellow drew some of his material from his friendship with Ojibwe Chief Kahge-ga-gah-bowh, who would visit at Longfellow's home.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Great Northern War ended with Charles XII dying from pneumonia.
Wikipedia page: Great Northern War (History)
Evidence:
section_header: 1716–1718: Norway
text: The Norwegian campaigns were halted and the army withdrawn when Charles XII was shot dead while besieging Norwegian Fredriksten on 30 November 1718 (OS).
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Philip Glass died in a car crash at the age of 72.
Wikipedia page: Philip Glass (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Philip Glass (born January 31, 1937) is an American composer and pianist.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Troilus and Cressida is a famous Greek Play written by Sophocles.
Wikipedia page: Troilus and Cressida (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Troilus and Cressida () is a tragedy by William Shakespeare, believed to have been written in 1602.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King is a 2003 epic fantasy adventure film that had some practical effects, and the easiest of the trilogy to produce while viewers and critics alike agree that it is one of the rare and spectacular endings in cinema.
Wikipedia page: The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Production
text: Jackson found The Return of the King the easiest of the films to make, because it contained the climax of the story.
section_header: Reception | Critical response
text: The website's critics consensus reads, "Visually breathtaking and emotionally powerful, The Lord of the Rings - The Return of the King is a moving and satisfying conclusion to a great trilogy.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Axl Roses has been the only constant Guns and Roses band member since their inception.
Wikipedia page: Guns N' Roses (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Members | Former
text: Axl Rose – lead and occasional backing vocals, piano, percussion (1985–present) Duff McKagan – bass guitar, backing and occasional lead vocals (1985–1997, 2016–present) Slash – lead and rhythm guitars, occasional backing vocals (1985–1996, 2016–present) Dizzy Reed – keyboards, piano, backing vocals, percussion (1990–present) Richard Fortus – rhythm and lead guitars, backing vocals (2002–present) Frank Ferrer – drums, percussion, occasional backing vocals (2006–present) Melissa Reese – synthesizers, keyboards, backing vocals, sub-bass, programming (2016–present) See List of Guns N' Roses members
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The inspiration for the term Utopia comes from early Greece.
Wikipedia page: Utopia (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Etymology
text: The word utopia was coined from Ancient Greek by Sir Thomas More in 1516.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The steam ship and its 800 pilgrims in Lord Jim, which the main character lets wreck alongside its captain, was a pure invention of the author.
Wikipedia page: Lord Jim (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Allusions to historical events
text: The opening event in Lord Jim may have been based in part on an actual abandonment of a ship.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Keanu Reeves has not authored any novels, rather relying on his acting career as his sole creative outlet.
Wikipedia page: Keanu Reeves (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Personal life | Business and philanthropy
text: He has written two books: Ode to Happiness and Shadows, both of which are collaborations with Grant; he provided the text to her photographs and art.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Rod Carew is from Panama and played for the Twins and the Angels.
Wikipedia page: Rod Carew (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Rodney Cline Carew (born October 1, 1945) is a Panamanian former Major League Baseball (MLB) first baseman, second baseman and coach who played from 1967 to 1985 for the Minnesota Twins and the California Angels.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The musical Fiddler on the Roof, set in the Pale of Settlement of Imperial Russia, was first published as ballads.
Wikipedia page: Fiddler on the Roof (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Background
text: Fiddler on the Roof is based on Tevye (or Tevye the Dairyman) and his Daughters, a series of stories by Sholem Aleichem that he wrote in Yiddish between 1894 and 1914 about Jewish life in a village in the Pale of Settlement of Imperial Russia at the turn of the 20th century.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Moulin Rouge has not inspired any movies.
Wikipedia page: Moulin Rouge (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Films
text: Moulin Rouge Dancers 1&2 (1898) – USA – silent film about the Moulin Rouge
section_header: Legacy | Film
text: A Night at the Moulin Rouge (1951) is a film (also circulated under the title Ding Dong!) of burlesque acts of the Moulin Rouge club in Oakland, California
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Gordon Stanley "Mickey" Cochrane's father moved from England in 1900.
Wikipedia page: Mickey Cochrane (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Playing career | Philadelphia Athletics
text: His father, John Cochrane, had immigrated from Omagh, County Tyrone in what is now Northern Ireland and his mother, Sadie Campbell,
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The author of The Web and the Rock book passed away before his book was released to the public.
Wikipedia page: The Web and the Rock (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The Web and the Rock is an American bildungsroman novel by Thomas Wolfe, published posthumously in the 1939.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Ted Lyons became a coach for the MLB in 1948.
Wikipedia page: Ted Lyons (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Career | Managing and coaching career
text: Lyons resigned as manager in October 1948.Lyons coached the pitchers for the Detroit Tigers (1949–52) and Brooklyn Dodgers (1954).
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Casey's wage for playing ball for the team based in Missouri would have been less than his dad made selling insurance.
Wikipedia page: Casey Stengel (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: He was offered a contract by the minor league Kansas City Blues for $135 a month, more money than his father was making.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Frederick Douglass's last name at birth was Stanley but changed it when he left the south.
Wikipedia page: Frederick Douglass (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Life as a slave | Birth family
text: Douglass claimed that his mother Harriet Bailey gave him his grand name and, after escaping to the North years later, he took the surname Douglass, having already dropped his two middle names.
section_header: Summary
text: Frederick Douglass (born Frederick Augustus Washington Bailey; c. February 1818 – February 20, 1895) was an American social reformer, abolitionist, orator, writer, and statesman.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Vivaldi was a writer of great novels.
Wikipedia page: Antonio Vivaldi (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Antonio Lucio Vivaldi (UK: , US: ; Italian: [anˈtɔːnjo ˈluːtʃo viˈvaldi] (listen); 4 March 1678 – 28 July 1741) was an Italian Baroque musical composer, virtuoso violinist, teacher, and Roman Catholic priest.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: There wasn't really an official start or finish to the negotiations of the Peace of Westphalia.
Wikipedia page: Peace of Westphalia (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Delegations
text: The peace negotiations had no exact beginning and ending, because the 109 delegations never met in a plenary session.
section_header: Delegations
text: Instead, various delegations arrived between 1643 and 1646 and left between 1647 and 1649.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Underneath a mollusk is a kind of muscle foot.
Wikipedia page: Mollusca (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Hypothetical ancestral mollusc | Foot
text: The underside consists of a muscular foot, which has adapted to different purposes in different classes.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The main entrance of the Church provided a narrow passage to the large structure which lead to the death dozens of pilgrims in 1840.
Wikipedia page: Church of the Holy Sepulchre (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Description | Façade and entrance
text: This narrow way of access to such a large structure has proven to be hazardous at times.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Captain America: Civil War released in 2015.
Wikipedia page: Captain America: Civil War (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Captain America: Civil War is a 2016 American superhero film based on the Marvel Comics character Captain America, produced by Marvel Studios and distributed by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The British and American actress and singer Greer Garson received seven Academy Award nominations and is known for her roles in Mrs. Miniver, Random Harvest and Gone with the Wind.
Wikipedia page: Greer Garson (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Eileen Evelyn Greer Garson  (29 September 1904 – 6 April 1996) was a British and American actress and singer.
section_header: Summary
text: received seven Academy Award nominations, including a record-tying five consecutive nominations (1941–45) in the Best Actress category, winning the award for her performance in the title role of the 1942 film Mrs. Miniver.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: American politician Stephen Arnold Douglas was for slavery.
Wikipedia page: Stephen A. Douglas (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: During the 1850s, Douglas was one of the foremost advocates of popular sovereignty, which held that each territory should be allowed to determine whether to permit slavery within its borders.
section_header: Summary
text: During the Lincoln–Douglas debates, Douglas articulated the Freeport Doctrine, which held that territories could effectively exclude slavery despite the Supreme Court's ruling in the 1857 case of Dred Scott v. Sandford.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Kaikhosru Shapurji Sorabji, one of the 20th century's most prolific piano composers, dealt with recurring attacks of malaria, and was crippled with arthritis until his death in 1992.
Wikipedia page: Kaikhosru Shapurji Sorabji (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: One of the 20th century's most prolific piano composers, he is best known for his works for the instrument, which include seven symphonies for piano solo, four toccatas, Sequentia cyclica, 100 Transcendental Studies, Opus clavicembalisticum, six piano sonatas and his "Gulistān"—Nocturne for Piano.
section_header: Personal life | Health and religious views
text: He broke his leg as a child; possibly as a consequence of his two trips to India, he experienced recurring attacks of malaria; in 1976, due to sciatica, he had trouble walking and at some points he even found himself housebound; and near the end of his life, he was crippled with arthritis.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Protists, depending on what kind they are, can often get energy from multiple sources.
Wikipedia page: Protista (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Metabolism
text: Nutrition can vary according to the type of protist.
section_header: Metabolism
text: Some are mixotrophic. Some protists that do not have / lost chloroplasts/mitochondria have entered into endosymbiontic relationship with other bacteria/algae to replace the missing functionality.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Teapot Dome Scandal was a follow-up event to the Boston Tea Party in which the British loyalists living in Boston were thrown into the harbor and drowned.
Wikipedia page: Teapot Dome scandal (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The Teapot Dome scandal was a bribery scandal involving the administration of United States President Warren G. Harding from 1921 to 1923.
section_header: Comparison
text: The Teapot Dome scandal has historically been regarded as the worst such scandal in the United States – the "high water mark" of cabinet corruption.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Taylor Swift's parents were supportive of her singing career, but didn't want to uproot their lives for it, so she would fly to Nashville almost every week to pursue her singing career.
Wikipedia page: Taylor Swift (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Life and career | 1989–2003: Early life
text: To help Swift break into country music, her father transferred to Merrill Lynch's Nashville office when she was 14 years old, and the family relocated to a lakefront house in Hendersonville, Tennessee.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Nicholas led Russia, Sweden, and Poland.
Wikipedia page: Nicholas I of Russia (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: He was also the King of Poland and Grand Duke of Finland.
section_header: Summary
text: Nikolay I Pavlovich; 6 July [O.S. 25 June] 1796 – 2 March [O.S. 18 February] 1855) reigned as Emperor of Russia from 1825 until 1855.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: YouTube has been blocked in a certain country because of videos that criticize the dictator.
Wikipedia page: YouTube (Technology)
Evidence:
section_header: Censorship and filtering
text: As of 2018, public access to YouTube is blocked in many countries, including China, North Korea, Iran, Syria, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Eritrea, Sudan and South Sudan.
section_header: Censorship and filtering
text: Preventing criticism of a ruler (e.g. in North Korea), government (e.g. in China) or its actions (e.g. in Morocco), government officials (e.g. in Turkey and Libya), or religion (e.g. in Pakistan).
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Jay had an European ancestry.
Wikipedia page: John Jay (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life and education | Family history
text: He moved from France to Charleston, South Carolina and then New York, where he built a successful merchant empire.
Verdict: SUPPORTS