tasksource/fool-me-twice huggingface dataset:
Claim: The last person that survived from Titanic passed away in the late 2000s.
Wikipedia page: Titanic (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The final survivor of the sinking, Millvina Dean, aged two months at the time, died in 2009 at the age of 97.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: American scientist Dian Fossey studied gorillas and was against ecotourism because she was concerned the gorillas would give diseases to people.
Wikipedia page: Dian Fossey (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Conservation work in Rwanda | Opposition to tourism
text: Fossey reported several cases in which gorillas died because of diseases spread by tourists.
section_header: Conservation work in Rwanda | Opposition to tourism
text: Fossey also criticized tourist programs, often paid for by international conservation organizations, for interfering with both her research and the peace of the mountain gorillas' habitat, and was concerned Jane Goodall, who actually joined a chimpanzee society as a member, was inappropriately changing her study subjects' behavior.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Justin Timberlake's dad was a religious leader.
Wikipedia page: Justin Timberlake (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: Justin Randall Timberlake was born on January 31, 1981 in Memphis, Tennessee to Lynn (Bomar) Harless and Charles Randall Timberlake, a Baptist church choir director.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Tokugawa shogunate ruled Japan from 1620 to 1670.
Wikipedia page: Tokugawa Ieyasu (NOCAT)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Tokugawa Ieyasu (德川家康, January 31, 1543 – June 1, 1616) was the founder and first shōgun of the Tokugawa shogunate of Japan, which effectively ruled Japan from the Battle of Sekigahara in 1600 until the Meiji Restoration in 1868.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The story ends with Walter killing Skyler, his wife that all the fans hate.
Wikipedia page: Breaking Bad (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Production | Development history
text: Ultimately, Gilligan chose to end Breaking Bad with Walter's death, occurring in-story two years after he had been first been diagnosed with cancer and given two years to live.
section_header: Retrospective conversations | Writers reunion
text: Skyler White became unsympathetic to most viewers in earlier seasons as she was often presented as an obstacle to Walt's ultimate agenda.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Chiang Kai-shek was a Chinese nationalist politician who didn't trust popular representatives that interacted warmly with the United States, certain that they would eventually become operatives plotting his demise.
Wikipedia page: Chiang Kai-shek (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Chiang Kai-shek (31 October 1887 – 5 April 1975), also known as Chiang Chung-cheng and romanized via Mandarin as Chiang Chieh-shih and Jiang Jieshi,  was a Chinese nationalist politician, revolutionary and military leader who served as the leader of the Republic of China between 1928 and 1975, first in mainland China until 1949
section_header: Rule | On Taiwan | Relationship with the United States
text: Chiang was also suspicious of politicians who were overly friendly to the United States, and considered them his enemies.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Edd Roush was a professional baseball player for the Cleveland Indians and was born in Indiana.
Wikipedia page: Edd Roush (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: He played in Major League Baseball for the Cincinnati Reds, New York Giants, Chicago White Sox, Newark Peppers and Indianapolis Hoosiers from 1913 to 1931.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Magnetic fields are not drawn out as vectors.
Wikipedia page: Magnetic field (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Magnetic field lines
text: First, measure the strength and direction of the magnetic field at a large number of locations (or at every point in space).
section_header: Magnetic field lines
text: Then, mark each location with an arrow (called a vector) pointing in the direction of the local magnetic field with its magnitude proportional to the strength of the magnetic field.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Joan of Arc started having visions at 13 years old.
Wikipedia page: Joan of Arc (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Biography
text: She later testified that she experienced her first vision in 1425 at the age of 13, when she was in her "father's garden" and saw visions of figures she identified as Saint Michael, Saint Catherine, and Saint Margaret, who told her to drive out the English and take the Dauphin to Reims for his consecration.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The X chromosome has many genes including many to determine sex.
Wikipedia page: X chromosome (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Humans | Function
text: The X chromosome carries hundreds of genes but few, if any, of these have anything to do directly with sex determination.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: In mathematics, the term "google" originally was used the same way the square of a myriad is now.
Wikipedia page: Google (Technology)
Evidence:
section_header: History | Early years
text: Eventually, they changed the name to Google; the name of the search engine originated from a misspelling of the word "googol", the number 1 followed by 100 zeros, which was picked to signify that the search engine was intended to provide large quantities of information.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Darius I was ruler during the empire's peak.
Wikipedia page: Darius I (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: He ruled the empire at its peak, when it included much of West Asia, parts of the Caucasus, parts of the Balkans (Thrace-Macedonia, and Paeonia), most of the Black Sea coastal regions, Central Asia, as far as the Indus Valley in the far east and portions of north and northeast Africa including Egypt (Mudrâya), eastern Libya, and coastal Sudan.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Windsor Castle, the royal residence of the English and British royal family, includes a small village with over five hundred residence.
Wikipedia page: Windsor Castle (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Architecture
text: Windsor Castle occupies 13 acres (5.3 ha), and combines the features of a fortification, a palace, and a small town.
section_header: History | 21st century
text: As of 2006, around 500 people were living and working in the castle.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Joliot-Curie was 1 of the 1st 3 females to be a part of the French government.
Wikipedia page: Irène Joliot-Curie (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: She was also one of the first three women to be a member of a French government, becoming undersecretary for Scientific Research, under the Popular Front in 1936.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Channel Tunnel safety is in part regulated by the Intergovernmental Commission.
Wikipedia page: Channel Tunnel (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Mechanical incidents | Safety
text: The Channel Tunnel Safety Authority is responsible for some aspects of safety regulation in the tunnel; it reports to the Intergovernmental Commission (IGC).
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Jennifer Lawrence left school in her late teenage years to pursue a career in acting.
Wikipedia page: Jennifer Lawrence (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: Lawrence dropped out of school at age 14 without receiving a GED or a diploma.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: R. Kelly's wealth and success have made him less petty, as a person.
Wikipedia page: R. Kelly (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Controversies | Musical response to allegations
text: The song does not contain any criminal admissions despite its title and chorus, which repeats the lyric
section_header: Controversies | Musical response to allegations
text: "I admit it, I did it". In "I Admit", Kelly denies allegations of domestic violence and pedophilia, asserting that they are matters of opinion.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Stallone got his first big break in The Lords of Flatbush.
Wikipedia page: Sylvester Stallone (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: After his beginnings as a struggling actor for a number of years upon arriving to New York City in 1969 and later Hollywood in 1974, he won his first critical acclaim as an actor for his co-starring role as Stanley Rosiello in The Lords of Flatbush.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: George Meade died on the battlefield.
Wikipedia page: George Meade (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Later life and death
text: Having long suffered from complications caused by his war wounds, Meade died on November 6, 1872 at the age of 56, still on active duty, following a battle with pneumonia.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Hank Aaron is the all time leader in home runs.
Wikipedia page: Hank Aaron (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: MLB career | Breaking Ruth's record
text: Aaron hit his 755th and final home run on July 20, 1976, at Milwaukee County Stadium off Dick Drago of the California Angels, which stood as the MLB career home run record until it was broken in 2007 by Barry Bonds.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Frank Baker had roots from Ireland.
Wikipedia page: Frank Baker (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: The Bakers, who were of English descent, had been farmers in Trappe for six generations.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The root for Alzheimer's disease is mainly because of people's family history.
Wikipedia page: Alzheimer's disease (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Causes
text: The cause for most Alzheimer's cases is still mostly unknown except for 1% to 5% of cases where genetic differences have been identified.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Some accounts suggest that Archimedes was killed for his instruments.
Wikipedia page: Archimedes (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Although few details of his life are known, he is regarded as one of the leading scientists in classical antiquity.
section_header: Biography
text: According to this story, Archimedes was carrying mathematical instruments, and was killed because the soldier thought that they were valuable items.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Eugene Debs was a socialist that was elected as a US President.
Wikipedia page: Eugene V. Debs (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Socialist leader | Incarceration
text: Debs ran for president in the 1920 election while in prison in Atlanta, Georgia, at the Atlanta Federal Penitentiary.
section_header: Labor activism
text: He was elected president of the ARU upon its founding, with fellow railway labor organizer George W. Howard as first vice president.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Pud Galvin was know for his aggressive demeanor.
Wikipedia page: Pud Galvin (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Baseball career
text: He was sometimes known as "Gentle Jeems" because of his kind disposition.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Vedas are very old texts from India.
Wikipedia page: Vedas (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The Vedas (; Sanskrit: वेदः vedaḥ, "knowledge") are a large body of religious texts originating in ancient India.
section_header: Chronology, transmission and interpretation | Chronology
text: The Vedas are among the oldest sacred texts.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Nematodas can be good or bad to plants depending on the plant.
Wikipedia page: Nematoda (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Parasitic species | Agriculture and horticulture
text: Depending on the species, a nematode may be beneficial or detrimental to plant health.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Battle of Austerlitz happened in Germany.
Wikipedia page: Battle of Austerlitz (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The battle occurred near the town of Austerlitz in the Austrian Empire (modern-day Slavkov u Brna in the Czech Republic).
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Neutron radiation devices are employed by oil and gas companies for materials analysis.
Wikipedia page: Nuclear fusion (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Artificial fusion | Beam-beam or beam-target fusion
text: Hundreds of neutron generators are produced annually for use in the petroleum industry where they are used in measurement equipment for locating and mapping oil reserves.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Gates' estate was located in Virginia and that is where he went after he stopped working but then chose to relocate to NY.
Wikipedia page: Horatio Gates (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Gates retired to his Virginia estate after the war, but eventually decided to  free his slaves and move to New York.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: William Shakespeare was born on the twenty-sixth of April.
Wikipedia page: William Shakespeare (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: William Shakespeare (bapt. 26 April 1564 – 23 April 1616) was an English playwright, poet, and actor, widely regarded as the greatest writer in the English language and the world's greatest dramatist.
section_header: Life | Early life
text: His date of birth is unknown, but is traditionally observed on 23 April, Saint George's Day.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: According to truthful sources, Rome covered Carthage with salt at the end of the conflict.
Wikipedia page: Punic Wars (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Third Punic War, 149–146 BC | Siege of Carthage
text: The notion that Roman forces then sowed the city with salt is a 19th-century invention.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Timur's lineage would go on to include influential religious leaders, writers, and actors.
Wikipedia page: Timur (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Timur was the grandfather of the Timurid sultan, astronomer and mathematician Ulugh Beg, who ruled Central Asia from 1411 to 1449, and the great-great-great-grandfather of Babur (1483–1530), founder of the Mughal Empire, which then ruled almost all of the Indian subcontinent.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Bill McKechnie had ancestry from Ireland.
Wikipedia page: Bill McKechnie (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: McKechnie was born on August 7, 1886 to Archibald and Mary McKechnie, two Scottish immigrants who had settled in Wilkinsburg, Pennsylvania shortly before Bill was born.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Enrico Fermi was the creator of the atomic bomb and was born in Rome Italy.
Wikipedia page: Enrico Fermi (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Enrico Fermi (Italian: [enˈriːko ˈfermi]; 29 September 1901 – 28 November 1954) was an Italian (later naturalized American) physicist and the creator of the world's first nuclear reactor, the Chicago Pile-1.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Hemingway originally thought to write a book about Spanish bullfighting, but changed over to fiction after a visiting Spain with friends and family.
Wikipedia page: The Sun Also Rises (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Background
text: Hemingway had intended to write a nonfiction book about bullfighting, but then decided that the week's experiences had presented him with enough material for a novel.
section_header: Summary
text: It remains in print. The basis for the novel was Hemingway's trip to Spain in 1925.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: German pianist, composer and piano teacher, Clara Schumann, was on a banknote for more than 10 years.
Wikipedia page: Clara Schumann (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Legacy | Banknote and conservatory
text: An image of Clara Schumann from an 1835 lithograph by Andreas Staub was featured on the 100 Deutsche Mark banknote from 2 January 1989 until the adoption of the euro on 1 January 2002.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Lefty Gomez had European ancestors.
Wikipedia page: Lefty Gomez (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: His father, Francisco Gomez, had been born in California to a Spanish father, Juan Gomez, and a Portuguese mother, Rita.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: He had Swiss ancestry due to his father died when Addie Joss was 10.
Wikipedia page: Addie Joss (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: A heavy drinker of alcohol, he died from liver complications in 1890, when Joss was 10 years old; Joss remained sober throughout his life as a result of his father's death.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Mahabharata is one of the 2 classic epics of India that were recorded in Sanskrit.
Wikipedia page: Mahabharata (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The Mahābhārata (US: , UK: ; Sanskrit: महाभारतम्, Mahābhāratam, pronounced [mɐɦaːˈbʱaːɽɐtɐm]) is one of the two major Sanskrit epics of ancient India, the other being the Rāmāyaṇa.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Taylor was a general in the Army before he became a President.
Wikipedia page: Zachary Taylor (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Taylor previously was a career officer in the United States Army, rose to the rank of major general and became a national hero as a result of his victories in the Mexican–American War.
section_header: Summary
text: Taylor became the first president to be elected without having served in a prior political office.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Philippines largest religion is Hinduism.
Wikipedia page: Philippines (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Demographics | Religion
text: Christianity is the dominant faith, shared by over 90% of the population.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The film doesn't include the Tin Man's propensity for self--mutilation by amputation.
Wikipedia page: The Wizard of Oz (1939 film) (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Differences from the novel
text: We are not told the Tin Woodman's rather gruesome backstory in the film. (He started off a human being and kept lopping off bits of himself by accident.) Baum's Oz is divided into regions where people dress in the same color.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Andromeda Galaxy is the farthest known galaxy.
Wikipedia page: Andromeda Galaxy (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The Andromeda Galaxy (IPA: ), also known as Messier 31, M31, or NGC 224 and originally the Andromeda Nebula (see below), is a barred spiral galaxy approximately 2.5 million light-years (770 kiloparsecs) from Earth and the nearest major galaxy to the Milky Way.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Nobody knows when William Cullent Bryant authored Thanatopsis, including William.
Wikipedia page: Thanatopsis (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Background
text: When and where Bryant wrote "Thanatopsis" is unclear, and Bryant himself could not remember when he wrote the verse.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The author of To Kill a Mockingbird was heavily inspired by Jane Austen.
Wikipedia page: To Kill a Mockingbird (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Themes | Class
text: Jones writes, "[t]he real mad dog in Maycomb is the racism that denies the humanity of Tom Robinson ... When Atticus makes his summation to the jury, he literally bares himself to the jury's and the town's anger." In a 1964 interview, Lee remarked that her aspiration was "to be ... the Jane Austen of South Alabama.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Lady Windermere's Fan is a play by Oscar Wilde.
Wikipedia page: Lady Windermere's Fan (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Lady Windermere's Fan, A Play About a Good Woman is a four-act comedy by Oscar Wilde, first performed on Saturday, 20 February 1892, at the St James's Theatre in London.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Library of Alexandria made Alexandria known for information and educating.
Wikipedia page: Library of Alexandria (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Alexandria came to be regarded as the capital of knowledge and learning, in part because of the Great Library.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Robinson played baseball for 20 years among a quintet of teams.
Wikipedia page: Frank Robinson (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Frank Robinson (August 31, 1935 – February 7, 2019) was an American professional baseball outfielder and manager in Major League Baseball (MLB) who played for five teams, from 1956 to 1976.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: It has 18 chapters.
Wikipedia page: Bhagavadgita (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Content | Chapters
text: Bhagavad Gita comprises 18 chapters (section 23 to 40) in the Bhishma Parva of the epic Mahabharata.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Capote's, In Cold Blood, was one of the first non-fiction novels.
Wikipedia page: In Cold Blood (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Some critics consider Capote's work the original non-fiction novel, although other writers had already explored the genre, such as Rodolfo Walsh in Operación Masacre (1957).
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The mouth has either 3 or 6 lips, which often bear a series of teeth on their inner edges.
Wikipedia page: Nematoda (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Anatomy
text: The mouth has either three or six lips, which often bear a series of teeth on their inner edges.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Coveleski was born in Eastern Europe and his family came to the U.S. when he was a small child.
Wikipedia page: Stan Coveleski (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Early years
text: Stanislaus Anthony Kowalewski was born in Shamokin, Pennsylvania, one of eight children of Anthony (1845–1929) and Ann (Racicz) Kowalewski (1850–1919), who had immigrated from Russian Poland in the early 1870s.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Willie Wells is from a small suburb of Dallas.
Wikipedia page: Willie Wells (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: Wells was born in Austin, Texas.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Time of Your Life 1959 movie was inspired by a Broadway act with the same name almost a decade earlier.
Wikipedia page: The Time of Your Life (NOCAT)
Evidence:
section_header: Productions
text: It premiered on Broadway at the Booth Theatre on October 25, 1939, closed on January 27, 1940, and re-opened at the Guild Theatre on January 29, 1940 to April 6, 1940 and September 23, 1940  to October 19, 1940, for 249 performances.
section_header: Summary
text: The play opened on Broadway in 1939.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Philip II's fourth wife and mother of Alexander the Great, Olympias, was the most disturbed by his assassination by one of his seven bodyguards.
Wikipedia page: Philip II of Macedon (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Assassination | Justin's analysis
text: The latter seems to have been anything but discreet in manifesting her gratitude to Pausanias, according to Justin's report: He writes that the same night of her return from exile, she placed a crown on the assassin's corpse, and later erected a tumulus over his grave and ordering annual sacrifices to the memory of Pausanias.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Ali was the number 1 most popular subject on several social media platforms after his passing.
Wikipedia page: Muhammad Ali (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Death | News coverage and tributes
text: Following Ali's death, he was the number-one trending topic on Twitter for over 12 hours and on Facebook for several days.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Philip II was appointed as the Duke of Milan in 1543.
Wikipedia page: Philip II of Spain (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Philip II (Spanish: Felipe II; 21 May 1527 – 13 September 1598) was King of Spain (1556–98), King of Portugal (1580–98, as Philip I, Portuguese: Filipe I), King of Naples and Sicily (both from 1554), and jure uxoris King of England and Ireland (during his marriage to Queen Mary I from 1554 to 1558).
section_header: Early life: 1527–44
text: Philip, who had previously been made the Duke of Milan in 1540, began governing the most extensive empire in the world at the young age of sixteen.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Forrest Gump is a 1994 American comedy-drama film directed by Robert Zemeckis and written by Eric Roth produced on a budget of $5 million.
Wikipedia page: Forrest Gump (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Reception | Box office performance
text: One half of folks see it as an artificial piece of pop melodrama, while everyone else raves that it's sweet as a box of chocolates." Produced on a budget of $55 million, Forrest Gump opened in 1,595 theaters in its first weekend of domestic release, earning $24,450,602.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Little Women is a book that struggled to gain acceptance when it was released because of the era it came out in.
Wikipedia page: Little Women (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Little Women was an immediate commercial and critical success, with readers demanding to know more about the characters.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Che Guevara was a revolutionary who was followed by the CIA.
Wikipedia page: Che Guevara (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life | Motorcycle journey
text: Years later, a declassified CIA 'biographical and personality report' dated 13 February 1958 made note of Guevara's wide range of academic interests and intellect, describing him as "quite well read" while adding that "Che is fairly intellectual for a Latino." In 1948, Guevara entered the University of Buenos Aires to study medicine.
section_header: Legacy
text: Che Guevara as "an honest and committed revolutionary", but also criticizes the fact that "he never embraced socialism in its most democratic essence".
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Samuel Barber was born in Cleveland, Ohio and became a great trombone player.
Wikipedia page: Samuel Barber (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Biography | Early years
text: Barber was born in West Chester, Pennsylvania, the son of Marguerite McLeod (née Beatty) and Samuel Le Roy Barber.
section_header: Biography | Early years
text: At the age of 12, he became an organist at a local church.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The poem "The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock" is based on a real person.
Wikipedia page: The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: "The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock", commonly known as "Prufrock", is the first professionally published poem by American-born British poet T. S. Eliot (1888–1965).
section_header: Description | Epigraph
text: In a 1950 letter, Eliot said, "I did not have, at the time of writing the poem, and have not yet recovered, any recollection of having acquired this name in any way, but I think that it must be assumed that I did, and that the memory has been obliterated." The draft version of the poem's epigraph comes from Dante's Purgatorio (XXVI, 147–148): He finally decided not to use this, but eventually used the quotation in the closing lines of his 1922 poem The Waste Land.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Shelley Winters was an actress and passed away in a car accident.
Wikipedia page: Shelley Winters (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Death
text: Joplin never did. Winters died at the age of 85 on January 14, 2006, of heart failure at the Rehabilitation Center of Beverly Hills; she had suffered a heart attack on October 14, 2005.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Paul von Hindenburg passed in the highly competitive entrance examination for admission to the Kriegsakademie in Berlin After three years of study after which he was promoted to captain in 1888.
Wikipedia page: Paul von Hindenburg (History)
Evidence:
section_header: In the Prussian Army | General Staff
text: He was promoted to captain in 1878 and assigned to the staff of the Second Army Corps.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Venus's craters are difficult to measure due to erosion.
Wikipedia page: Venus (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Physical characteristics | Surface geology
text: On Venus, about 85% of the craters are in pristine condition.
section_header: Physical characteristics | Surface geology
text: Venusian craters range from 3 to 280 km (2 to 174 mi) in diameter.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: This massacre refers to an incident in which an arm of the British Indian Army fired into a crowd of Indian civilians killing almost 400 people. The British government never formally apologized for the massacre.
Wikipedia page: Jallianwala Bagh massacre (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Britain never formally apologised for the massacre but expressed "regret" in 2019.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Bob Feller was a military veteran.
Wikipedia page: Bob Feller (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Professional career | Military service (1941–1945)
text: Feller was decorated with six campaign ribbons and eight battle stars while serving on missions in both the Pacific and North Atlantic, and he was made an honorary member of the Green Berets later in life.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Poe received one hundred dollars for writing "The Gold Bug."
Wikipedia page: The Gold Bug (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The prize also included $100, probably the largest single sum that Poe received for any of his works. " The Gold-Bug" was an instant success and was the most popular and most widely read of Poe's works during his lifetime.
section_header: Summary
text: His story won the grand prize and was published in three installments, beginning in June 1843.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Philip Glass co-owned a record albulm.
Wikipedia page: Philip Glass (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Influences and collaborations | Recording work
text: In 1970, Glass and Klaus Kertess (owner of the Bykert Gallery) formed a record label named Chatham Square Productions (named after the location of the studio of a Philip Glass Ensemble member Dick Landry).
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Taming of the Shrew was written by William Shakespeare and was about a nobleman getting tricked.
Wikipedia page: The Taming of the Shrew (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The play begins with a framing device, often referred to as the induction, in which a mischievous nobleman tricks a drunken tinker named Christopher Sly into believing he is actually a nobleman himself.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Margaret Chan was director-general of the WHO.
Wikipedia page: Margaret Chan (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Margaret Chan Fung Fu-chun,  (born August 21, 1947) is a Chinese-Canadian physician, who served as the Director-General of the World Health Organization (WHO) delegating the People's Republic of China for 2006–2017.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: In Prizzi's Honor the male lead kills his love interest.
Wikipedia page: Prizzi's Honor (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Plot
text: Do I ice her? Which one of these?") Each pulls a weapon simultaneously in the bedroom.
section_header: Plot
text: Irene ends up dead, and Charley ends up back in New York, missing her, but consoled by Maerose.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The novel Lolita by Vladimir Nabokov. is controversial because it involves themes of sex with a minor.
Wikipedia page: Lolita (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The novel is notable for its controversial subject: the protagonist and unreliable narrator, a middle-aged literature professor under the pseudonym Humbert Humbert, is obsessed with a 12-year-old girl, Dolores Haze, with whom he becomes sexually involved after he becomes her stepfather. " Lolita" is his private nickname for Dolores.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: At one point, the Van Halen band changed it's name from Mammoth to Genesis.
Wikipedia page: Van Halen (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: History | 1972–1977: Formation and early history
text: In 1974, Mammoth officially changed its name to Van Halen.
section_header: History | 1972–1977: Formation and early history
text: In 1972, the Van Halen brothers formed a band called Genesis featuring Eddie as lead vocalist/guitarist, Alex on drums, and Mark Stone on bass.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Rivals is a play from the latter half of the 1700's that the author wrote because he and his wife liked to party.
Wikipedia page: The Rivals (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: History | Production
text: Finally, in need of funds, Richard turned to the only craft that could gain him the remuneration he desired in a short time: he began writing a play.
section_header: History | Production
text: Instead, the Sheridans lived beyond their means as they entertained the gentry and nobility with Eliza's singing (in private parties) and Richard's wit.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Tammany Hall ended around 1942 because New York no longer needed help with immigrants.
Wikipedia page: Tammany Hall (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: By the mid-1960s Tammany Hall ceased to exist.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Lil Wayne's stepfather died before he became famous.
Wikipedia page: Lil Wayne (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: Carter has also spoken about his deceased stepfather, Reginald "Rabbit" McDonald, who he has said he considers his real father.
section_header: Early life
text: Carter has a tattoo dedicated to Rabbit, who was murdered before Carter became a star.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The novel by Fyodor Dostoevsky The Brothers Karamazov was first adapted to film in 2002.
Wikipedia page: The Brothers Karamazov (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Adaptations | Television
text: There have been several film adaptations of The Brothers Karamazov, including:  The Brothers Karamazov (1915 silent film, lost, directed by Victor Tourjansky) Die Brüder Karamasoff (1921, directed by Carl Froelich) Der Mörder Dimitri Karamasoff (1931, directed by Erich Engels & Fyodor Otsep, starring Fritz Kortner, Anna Sten) I fratelli Karamazoff (1947, directed by Giacomo Gentilomo) The Brothers Karamazov (1958, directed by Richard Brooks, starring Yul Brynner and William Shatner) The Brothers Karamazov (1969, directed by Kirill Lavrov, Ivan Pyryev and Mikhail Ulyanov) The Brothers Karamazov (1969, directed by Marcel Bluwal) A Russian 12-episode mini-series was produced in 2009, and is considered to be as close to the book as possible.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Asoka aimed to share Buddhism in anciet Asia.
Wikipedia page: Asoka (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Considered by many to be one of India's greatest emperors, Ashoka expanded Chandragupta's empire to reign over a realm stretching from present-day Afghanistan in the west to Bangladesh in the east.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Watership Down takes place near the U.S state of New Hampshire.
Wikipedia page: Watership Down (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Set in southern England, around Hampshire, the story features a small group of rabbits.
section_header: Summary
text: Watership Down is a survival and adventure novel by English author Richard Adams, published by Rex Collings Ltd of London in 1972.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Ozzie Smith was nicknamed "The Trickster" since he loved to do backflips during certain times of the game.
Wikipedia page: Ozzie Smith (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: He quickly established himself as an outstanding fielder, and he later became known for performing backflips on special occasions while taking his position at the beginning of a game.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Philip II of Macedon died in a riding accident in his 70s.
Wikipedia page: Philip II of Macedon (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Philip II of Macedon (Greek: Φίλιππος Β΄ ὁ Μακεδών; 382–336 BC) was the king (basileus) of the kingdom of Macedon from 359 BC until his assassination in 336 BC.
section_header: Summary
text: However, his assassination by a royal bodyguard, Pausanias of Orestis, led to the immediate succession of his son Alexander, who would go on to invade the Achaemenid Empire in his father's stead.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Joseph McCarthy was a senator from Wisconsin.
Wikipedia page: Joseph McCarthy (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Joseph Raymond McCarthy (November 14, 1908 – May 2, 1957) was an American politician who served as a Republican U.S. Senator from the state of Wisconsin from 1947 until his death in 1957.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Wyman's career as an actor was over 70 years in length.
Wikipedia page: Jane Wyman (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Her career spanned more than seven decades.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Glenda  Jackson is a American actress that won the Natasha Richardson Award for Best Actress at the 2017 Evening Standard Theatre Awards for her performance..
Wikipedia page: Glenda Jackson (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Glenda May Jackson (born 9 May 1936) is a British actress and politician.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The original plan of the building was 40 stories but was later increased to 70 and then 80 stories.
Wikipedia page: Empire State Building (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: History | Planning process | Design changes
text: The original plan of the building was 50 stories, but was later increased to 60 and then 80 stories.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Tina Turner is often called The Queen of Rock 'n' Roll" although her inner circle refers to her by her given name, Ann.
Wikipedia page: Tina Turner (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Ike & Tina Turner | Origins: 1957–1960
text: Turner responded by renaming her "Tina" because it rhymed with Sheena, however, family and friends still called her Ann.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Burt was the James Dean of his time on the big screen.
Wikipedia page: Burt Lancaster (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Initially known for playing "tough guys" with a tender heart, he went on to achieve success with more complex and challenging roles over a 45-year career in film and, later, television.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Adventures of Tom Sawyer takes place in 1900.
Wikipedia page: The Adventures of Tom Sawyer (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: It is set in the 1840s in the fictional town of St. Petersburg, inspired by Hannibal, Missouri, where Twain lived as a boy.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The novel copyright will expire on January 1, 2021.
Wikipedia page: The Great Gatsby (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: "The novel's U.S. copyright will expire on January 1, 2021, when all works published in 1925 enter the public domain in the United States.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Noël Coward started writing plays when he was a teenager.
Wikipedia page: Noël Coward (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Coward achieved enduring success as a playwright, publishing more than 50 plays from his teens onwards.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: American Republican senator Henry Cabot Lodge voted for Taft and opposed Roosevelt's third term.
Wikipedia page: Henry Cabot Lodge (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Henry Cabot Lodge (May 12, 1850 –  November 9, 1924) was an American Republican senator and historian from Massachusetts.
section_header: Political career
text: Lodge voted for Taft instead of Roosevelt; after Woodrow Wilson won the election the Lodge-Roosevelt friendship resumed.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Los Angeles International Airport has plans to include a new terminal and improve the runway.
Wikipedia page: Los Angeles International Airport (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Future developments
text: These include terminal and runway improvements, which will enhance the passenger experience, reduce overcrowding, and provide airport access to the latest class of very large passenger aircraft.
section_header: Future developments
text: LAWA currently has several plans to modernize LAX.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Andre Dawson's joint injury improved after he started playing ball on stadiums with AstroTurf.
Wikipedia page: Andre Dawson (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Dawson was a center fielder until knee problems – worsened by the artificial surface at Olympic Stadium – forced his shift to right field, followed by his move to a team which played on grass.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Adam was a composer as well as a teacher of music.
Wikipedia page: Adolphe Adam (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Life and career
text: Adolphe Adam was born in Paris, to Jean-Louis Adam (1758–1848), who was a prominent Alsatian composer, as well a professor at the Paris Conservatoire.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The musical West Side Story is based off the play "The Taming of the Shrew."
Wikipedia page: West Side Story (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: It was inspired by William Shakespeare's play Romeo and Juliet.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The tomb was built on a mountain facing the water.
Wikipedia page: Mausoleum at Halicarnassus (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Construction of the Mausoleum
text: The tomb was erected on a hill overlooking the city.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: American baseball player Wilbert Robinson had a sister who also played baseball.
Wikipedia page: Wilbert Robinson (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Family
text: Robinson's brother, Fred Robinson, also played briefly in the majors, appearing in 3 games for the 1884 Cincinnati Outlaw Reds of the Union Association.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: William Wallace has several beers named after him.
Wikipedia page: William Wallace (History)
Evidence:
section_header: In popular culture | Beer
text: A brewery in Bridge of Allan, Scotland, makes a Scottish ale named "William Wallace", and Scottish Maclays Brewery had a beer called "Wallace".
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Taylor Swift is not the public face of any particular sports teams.
Wikipedia page: Taylor Swift (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Other ventures | Product endorsements
text: She became a spokesperson for the National Hockey League's (NHL) Nashville Predators and Sony Cyber-shot digital cameras.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Clay was the founder of the tea party in American politics.
Wikipedia page: Henry Clay (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Later career | Jackson administration, 1829–1837 | Formation of the Whig Party
text: The removal of deposits helped unite Jackson's opponents into one party for the first time, as National Republicans, Calhounites, former Democrats, and members of the Anti-Masonic Party coalesced into the Whig Party.
section_header: Later career | Jackson administration, 1829–1837 | Formation of the Whig Party
text: The term "Whig" originated from a speech Clay delivered in 1834, in which he compared opponents of Jackson to the Whigs, a British political party opposed to absolute monarchy.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Peter the Great ruled the Tsardom of Russia and later the Russian Empire  until his death in 1725, jointly ruling before 1696 with his elder half-brother, Ivan V,  and is also known for founding and developing the city of Saint Petersburg, which remained the capital of Russia until 1917.
Wikipedia page: Peter the Great (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: [O.S. 27 April] 1682 until his death in 1725, jointly ruling before 1696 with his elder half-brother, Ivan V.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Manuel de Falla did create magazines when he was a teenager.
Wikipedia page: Manuel de Falla (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Biography
text: At age 15 he became interested in literature and journalism and founded the literary magazines El Burlón and El Cascabel.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Gorillaz is made up of 4 animated members.
Wikipedia page: Gorillaz (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The band primarily consists of four animated members: Stuart "2-D" Pot, Murdoc Niccals, Noodle, and Russel Hobbs.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Eminem took interest in storytelling when he was growing up in Detroit.
Wikipedia page: Eminem (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Life and career | Early life
text: As a child he was interested in storytelling, aspiring to be a comic-book artist before discovering hip hop.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Charles Lindbergh accidentally killed his baby son.
Wikipedia page: Charles Lindbergh (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: In March 1932, Lindbergh's infant son, Charles Jr., was kidnapped and murdered in what the American media called the "Crime of the Century".
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Ted Lyons played Triple A ball after he finished college.
Wikipedia page: Ted Lyons (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Career | Playing career
text: Lyons broke into the major leagues in 1923 after playing collegiate baseball at Baylor University.
section_header: Career | Playing career
text: He joined the White Sox on a road trip and never pitched a day in the minors.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Brazil is just 1 of 2 Portuguese speaking south american nations.
Wikipedia page: Brazil (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: It is the largest country to have Portuguese as an official language and the only one in the Americas; it is also one of the most multicultural and ethnically diverse nations, due to over a century of mass immigration from around the world; as well as the most populous Roman Catholic-majority country.
section_header: History | Portuguese colonization
text: Portuguese expeditions known as Bandeiras gradually advanced the Portugal colonial original frontiers in South America to approximately the current Brazilian borders.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Vega is the dimmest star in the Andromeda galaxy.
Wikipedia page: Vega (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Vega is the brightest star in the northern constellation of Lyra.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: George Patton knew how to ride a horse.
Wikipedia page: Patton (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: He was also a devoted horseback rider.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Benito García died of a massive stroke.
Wikipedia page: Benito Juarez (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Death
text: Juárez died of a heart attack on July 18, 1872, aged 66, while reading a newspaper at his desk in the National Palace in Mexico City.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: William Lloyd Garrison's father abandoned the family in the early 1800s.
Wikipedia page: William Lloyd Garrison (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life and education
text: The elder Garrison became unemployed and deserted the family in 1808.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: One of Amerigo Vespucci's trips to the New World was sparked in part by wanting to find jewels like Columbus did.
Wikipedia page: Amerigo Vespucci (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Biography | Voyages | "Second voyage" (1499–1500)
text: Their intention was to explore the coast of a new landmass found by Columbus on his third voyage and in particular investigate a rich source of pearls that Columbus had reported.
section_header: Biography | Voyages | "Second voyage" (1499–1500)
text: In 1499, Vespucci joined an expedition licensed by Spain and led by Alonso de Ojeda as fleet commander and Juan de la Cosa as chief navigator.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Idiot is a book written by an Ukrainian author.
Wikipedia page: The Idiot (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Idiót) is a novel by the 19th-century Russian author Fyodor Dostoevsky.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The composer Richard Strauss was a German Romantic is known for his two symphonies and his operas.
Wikipedia page: Richard Strauss (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Other well-known works by Strauss include two symphonies, lieder (especially the Four Last Songs), the Violin Concerto in D minor, the Horn Concerto No. 1, Horn Concerto No. 2, his Oboe Concerto and other instrumental works such as Metamorphosen.
section_header: Summary
text: His last operas, Daphne, Friedenstag, Die Liebe der Danae and Capriccio used libretti written by Joseph Gregor, the Viennese theatre historian.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Cardinal Mazarin, an Italian cardinal, replaced Cardinal Richelieu as first minister to two french kings and was assassinated in 1661 leaving behind a child by his mistress.
Wikipedia page: Cardinal Mazarin (History)
Evidence:
section_header: The Mazarinettes
text: Mazarin did not have children, but he did have seven nieces: five from the Mancini family (daughters of his sister Girolama) and two from the Martinozzi family (daughters of his sister Laura).
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Rizzuto played baseball for 10 years.
Wikipedia page: Phil Rizzuto (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: He spent his entire 13-year baseball career with the New York Yankees (1941–1956), and was elected to the National Baseball Hall of Fame in 1994.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Connie Mack was a manager for more time then any other person in the Majors.
Wikipedia page: Connie Mack (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The longest-serving manager in Major League Baseball history
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The term Nirvana technically translates to 'blown out', and refers to the end of the cycle of rebirth.
Wikipedia page: Nirvana (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Pali: निब्बान nibbāna; Prakrit: णिव्वाण ṇivvāṇa, literally "blown out", as in an oil lamp) is commonly associated with Hinduism, Jainism, Buddhism and Sikhism and represents its ultimate state of soteriological release, the liberation from repeated rebirth in saṃsāra.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Keefe's dad was a soldier in the Union.
Wikipedia page: Tim Keefe (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: When Tim Keefe was a child, Patrick served in the Union Army during the American Civil War.
Verdict: SUPPORTS