tasksource/fool-me-twice huggingface dataset:
Claim: Wells was often referred to as "Snake" in baseball.
Wikipedia page: Willie Wells (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Willie James Wells (August 10, 1906 – January 22, 1989), nicknamed "The Devil," was an American baseball player.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Strauss's health declined after he had bladder surgery.
Wikipedia page: Richard Strauss (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Final years and death (1942–1949)
text: His health rapidly deteriorated after that, and he conducted his last performance, the end of Act 2 of Der Rosenkavalier at the Prinzregententheater in Munich, during celebrations of his 85th birthday on 10 June 1949.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Barry Goldwater was an American politician, businessman, and author who was a five-term Senator from Arizona and former president of the United States, and is the politician most often credited with having sparked the resurgence of the American conservative political movement in the 1960s.
Wikipedia page: Barry Goldwater (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Barry Morris Goldwater (January 2, 1909 – May 29, 1998) was an American politician, businessman, and author who was a five-term Senator from Arizona (1953–1965, 1969–1987) and the Republican Party nominee for president of the United States in 1964.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: At the end of The Bostonians, the lesbian couple rejects the norms of their society to be together.
Wikipedia page: The Bostonians (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Plot summary
text: He persuades Verena to elope with him, to the discomfiture of Olive and her fellow-feminists.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Viruses come in 4 morphological kinds.
Wikipedia page: Virus (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Microbiology | Structure
text: In general, there are four main morphological virus types: Helical
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Sean Penn interviewed the world renowned drug cartel member and has a son named Helicopter.
Wikipedia page: Sean Penn (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Controversies | El Chapo interview
text: A day after Mexican officials announced the capture of Joaquín "El Chapo" Guzmán in a bloody raid, Rolling Stone revealed on January 9, 2016 that Sean Penn, along with actress Kate del Castillo, had conducted a secret interview with El Chapo prior to his arrest.
section_header: Personal life
text: Their second child, son Hopper Jack, was born August 6, 1993.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The most populated town of New Zealand is Dunedin.
Wikipedia page: New Zealand (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: New Zealand's capital city is Wellington, and its most populous city is Auckland.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Erik Satie is a Russian musician.
Wikipedia page: Erik Satie (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Éric Alfred Leslie Satie (UK: , US: , French: [eʁik sati]; 17 May 1866 – 1 July 1925), who signed his name Erik Satie after 1884, was a French composer and pianist.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Since the 1970s, Eric Clapton states that Lamborgini is his favorite brand.
Wikipedia page: Eric Clapton (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Personal life | Car collection
text: In 2014, Clapton explained that Ferrari is still his favourite car brand.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The novel Tristram Shandy is noteworthy for having passages assigned to other writers but composed entirely by the author.
Wikipedia page: Tristram Shandy (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Techniques and influences | Artistic incorporation and accusations of plagiarism
text: Sterne incorporated into Tristram Shandy many passages taken almost word for word from Robert Burton's The Anatomy of Melancholy, Francis Bacon's Of Death, Rabelais and many more, and rearranged them to serve the new meaning intended in Tristram Shandy.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Battle of Salamis took place in present-day Italy.
Wikipedia page: Battle of Salamis (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The battle was fought in the straits between the mainland and Salamis, an island in the Saronic Gulf near Athens, and marked the high point of the second Persian invasion of Greece.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: "The Satanic Verses" was actually based off Islamic beliefs of the author.
Wikipedia page: The Satanic Verses (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Literary criticism and analysis
text: The Satanic Verses is a reflection of the author’s dilemmas.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Transcription is used in the final DNA sequencing.
Wikipedia page: Transcription (genetics) (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Transcription is the first of several steps of DNA based gene expression in which a particular segment of DNA is copied into RNA (especially mRNA) by the enzyme RNA polymerase.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Hanseatic League was a commercial and defensive confederation of merchant guilds and market towns in Northwestern and Central Europe and Hansa territories stretched from the Atlantic Ocean to the Gulf of Tonka.
Wikipedia page: Hanseatic League (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Hansa territories stretched from the Baltic to the North Sea and inland during the Late Middle Ages, and diminished slowly after 1450.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: American baseball player Ed Delahanty died by going over the Niagra Falls after being kicked off a train for being too drunk.
Wikipedia page: Ed Delahanty (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Delahanty died falling into Niagara Falls or the Niagara River, after being removed from a train while intoxicated.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: This market is not in England.
Wikipedia page: Kenilworth (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Kenilworth ( KEN-il-wərth) is a market town and civil parish in Warwickshire, England, about 6 miles (10 km) south-west of central Coventry, 5 miles (8 km) north of Warwick and 90 miles (140 km) north-west of London.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Benjamin Franklin was Irish descant.
Wikipedia page: Benjamin Franklin (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Ancestry
text: Benjamin's father and all four of his grandparents were born in England.
section_header: Ancestry
text: Josiah Franklin was born at Ecton, Northamptonshire, England on December 23, 1657, the son of blacksmith and farmer Thomas Franklin and Jane White.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The film, Driving Miss Daisy, was a 1989 film by Hoke Rolle.
Wikipedia page: Driving Miss Daisy (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Driving Miss Daisy is a 1989 American comedy-drama film directed by Bruce Beresford and written by Alfred Uhry, based on Uhry's 1987 play of the same name.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Norma Shearer was a very conservative thoughts about how women should behave in society.
Wikipedia page: Norma Shearer (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: As a result, Shearer is celebrated as a feminist pioneer, "the first American film actress to make it chic and acceptable to be single and not a virgin on screen".
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: David Livingstone left Africa and went back to England to raise money for a permanent trade route.
Wikipedia page: David Livingstone (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Exploration of southern and central Africa
text: He returned to Britain to garner support for his ideas, and to publish a book on his travels which brought him fame as one of the leading explorers of the age.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Vera Danchakoff was a Russian cell biologist and embryologist researcher that became the 1st female professor at Columbia's University of Physicians and Surgeons.
Wikipedia page: Vera Danchakoff (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Scientific career
text: In 1908 Danchakoff became an assistant professor in histology and embryology at Moscow University – the first woman to become a professor in Russia.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: A Shropshire Lad was first named Terence's letters.
Wikipedia page: A Shropshire Lad (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: A Shropshire Rhapsody
text: Housman is said originally to have titled his book The Poems of Terence Hearsay, referring to a character there, but changed the title to A Shropshire Lad at the suggestion of a colleague in the British Museum.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Williams was only married once.
Wikipedia page: Robin Williams (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Personal life | Marriages and children
text: Williams married his third wife, graphic designer Susan Schneider, on October 22, 2011, in St. Helena, California.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Stephen A. Douglas was often refereed to as a name that was a oxymoron.
Wikipedia page: Stephen A. Douglas (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Douglas was nicknamed the "Little Giant" because he was short in physical stature but a forceful and dominant figure in politics.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Arnold Schwarzenegger's dad was a member of the Nazi regime.
Wikipedia page: Arnold Schwarzenegger (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: His father was the local chief of police and had served in World War II as a Hauptfeldwebel after voluntarily joining the Nazi Party in 1938.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Pulp Fiction won many awards, and the film was partly made to showcase the call to elevate the human soul in times of darkness.
Wikipedia page: Pulp Fiction (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Accolades
text: " Discussing "the connection between violence and redemption," Demory concludes that while O'Connor's purpose is to convince readers "of the powerful force of evil in the world and of our need for grace," Tarantino "seeks to demonstrate that in spite of everything we have seen in the film — all the violence, degradation, death, crime, amoral behavior — grace is still possible; there might be still be a God who doesn't judge us on merits." Pulp Fiction won eight major awards from a total of twenty-six nominations, including a Best Original Screenplay win at the 67th Academy Awards.
section_header: Summary
text: In 2008, Entertainment Weekly named it the best film since 1983 and it has appeared on many critics' lists of the greatest films ever made.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Bridges comes from a family of actors.
Wikipedia page: Jeff Bridges (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: He is the son of actor Lloyd Bridges (1913–1998) and actress and writer Dorothy Bridges (née Simpson; 1915–2009).
section_header: Early life
text: His older brother Beau Bridges (born 1941) is also an actor.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The movie Pulp Fiction was declined by a production studio due to its disturbing content.
Wikipedia page: Pulp Fiction (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: TriStar Pictures reportedly turned down the script as "too demented".
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The main character in the book is a friar.
Wikipedia page: The Name of the Rose (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Plot summary
text: In 1327, Franciscan friar William of Baskerville and Adso of Melk, a Benedictine novice travelling under his protection, arrive at a Benedictine monastery in Northern Italy to attend a theological disputation.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The book, No Longer At Ease is written by an African writer.
Wikipedia page: No Longer At Ease (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: No Longer at Ease is a 1960 novel by Nigerian author Chinua Achebe.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: James Taylor is an American singer-songwriter and guitarist and became a famous musician after his song, Fire and Rain, reached number 1 on the charts.
Wikipedia page: James Taylor (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Taylor achieved his breakthrough in 1970 with the No. 3 single "Fire and Rain" and had his first
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Dizzy Dean studied in a private institution.
Wikipedia page: Dizzy Dean (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: Born on January 16, 1910, in Lucas, Arkansas, Dean attended public school only through second grade.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The ship doctor on the Bounty was a drunk.
Wikipedia page: Mutiny on the Bounty (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Expedition | To Cape Horn
text: The only adverse feature of the voyage to date, according to Bligh, was the conduct of the surgeon Huggan, who was revealed as an indolent, unhygienic drunkard.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Zootopia earned many awards and great reviews, but a dark side came out when Disney was sued for having stolen the intellectual property from another production studio for the movie.
Wikipedia page: Zootopia (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Reception | Lawsuit
text: On March 21, 2017, a copyright infringement lawsuit was filed against Disney by Esplanade Productions, a company owned by Gary L. Goldman, the co-screenwriter of Total Recall.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Adele thought the record company that wanted to sign her was fake.
Wikipedia page: Adele (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Career | 2006–2010: Career beginnings and 19
text: She doubted if the offer was real because the only record company she knew was Virgin Records, and she took a friend with her to the meeting.
section_header: Career | 2006–2010: Career beginnings and 19
text: The friend posted the demo on Myspace, where it became very successful and led to a phone call from Richard Russell, boss of the music label XL Recordings.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The main character of Around the World in Eighty Days is British.
Wikipedia page: Around the World in Eighty Days (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Plot
text: Phileas Fogg is a rich British gentleman living in solitude.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Abraham Lincoln had English roots.
Wikipedia page: Abraham Lincoln (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Family and childhood | Early life
text: He was a descendant of Samuel Lincoln, an Englishman who migrated from Hingham, Norfolk, to its namesake, Hingham, Massachusetts, in 1638.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Belgium's biggest town is Brussels.
Wikipedia page: Belgium (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The capital and largest city is Brussels; other major cities are Antwerp, Ghent, Charleroi, Liège, Bruges, Namur and Leuven.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: In Baudelaire's Les Fleurs du Mal, he laments a Paris that is gone.
Wikipedia page: Les Fleurs du Mal (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Tableaux Parisiens (Parisian Scenes)
text: These characters whom Baudelaire once praised as the backbone of Paris are now eulogized in his nostalgic poems.
section_header: Tableaux Parisiens (Parisian Scenes)
text: For Baudelaire, the city has been transformed into an anthill of identical bourgeois that reflect the new identical structures that litter a Paris he once called home but can now no longer recognize.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Russo-Japanese War was fought over land in India.
Wikipedia page: Russo-Japanese War (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The Russo-Japanese War (Russian: Ру́сско-япóнская войнá, romanized: Rússko-yapónskaya voyná; Japanese: 日露戦争, romanized: Nichiro sensō, "Japanese-Russian War") was fought during 1904 and 1905 between the Russian Empire and the Empire of Japan over rival imperial ambitions in Manchuria and Korea.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Among North American major sports, the Yankees' are not rivaled in the four major North American professional sports leagues.
Wikipedia page: New York Yankees (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The team has won more titles than any other franchise in the four major North American sports leagues - after briefly trailing the NHL's Montreal Canadiens by one or two titles in the 1990s.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Like the Milky Way, the Andromeda Galaxy magnitude is similar and can be viewed only by telescope.
Wikipedia page: Andromeda Galaxy (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: General | Mass estimates
text: This contradicted earlier measurements that seemed to indicate that the Andromeda Galaxy and Milky Way are almost equal in mass.
section_header: Summary
text: With an apparent magnitude of 3.4, the Andromeda Galaxy is among the brightest of the Messier objects, making it visible to the naked eye from Earth on moonless nights, even when viewed from areas with moderate light pollution.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Japan is mostly homogeneous in terms of demographics..
Wikipedia page: Japan (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Demographics
text: It is part of the Greater Tokyo Area, the biggest metropolitan area in the world with 38,140,000 people (2016).Japanese society is linguistically, ethnically and culturally homogeneous, composed of 98.1% ethnic Japanese, with small populations of foreign workers.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The poem, Ozymandias, focuses on the roles women played in society in the 18th century England.
Wikipedia page: Ozymandias (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Analysis and interpretation | Hubris
text: A central theme of the "Ozymandias" poems is the inevitable decline of rulers with their pretensions to greatness.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Ivanhoe is a movie directed by Walter Scott.
Wikipedia page: Ivanhoe (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Film, TV or theatrical adaptations
text: Ivanhoe, Wales 1913, directed by Leedham Bantock, filmed at Chepstow Castle
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: LaGuardia Airport is located in New York.
Wikipedia page: LaGuardia Airport (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: LaGuardia Airport (IATA: LGA, ICAO: KLGA, FAA LID: LGA)  is an airport in Queens, New York.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Manuel de Falla was a Portuguese musician.
Wikipedia page: Manuel de Falla (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Manuel de Falla y Matheu (Spanish pronunciation: [maˈnwel ðe ˈfaʎa], 23 November 1876 – 14 November 1946) was a Spanish composer and pianist.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Halogen are a group in the periodic table consisting of four chemically related elements, and in the modern IUPAC nomenclature, this group is known as group 17.
Wikipedia page: Halogen (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The halogens () are a group in the periodic table consisting of five chemically related elements: fluorine (F), chlorine (Cl), bromine (Br), iodine (I), and astatine (At).
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Tina Turner's real name is Anna Bullock and she wrote a book about being married to Ike Freeman.
Wikipedia page: Tina Turner (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: In her autobiography, I, Tina: My Life Story (1986), Turner revealed that she had been subjected to domestic violence.
section_header: Personal life | Legal issues
text: In 1977, Turner and her estranged husband, Ike Turner, were sued for cancelling an engagement at Temple University two days before they were scheduled to perform August 1976.In 1978, Turner was sued by Diners Club for $26,108 in overdue bills charged to two of her credit cards.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Wind in the Willows is an adult's story.
Wikipedia page: The Wind in the Willows (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The Wind in the Willows is a children's novel by Scottish novelist Kenneth Grahame, first published in 1908.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: It is not clear when Amin was born.
Wikipedia page: Idi Amin (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Biography | Early life
text: There are discrepancies regarding when and where he was born.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Barbara McClintock's  real name was Robert when she was born in 1898.
Wikipedia page: Barbara McClintock (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: Barbara McClintock was born Eleanor McClintock on June 16, 1902 in Hartford, Connecticut, the third of four children born to homeopathic physician Thomas Henry McClintock and Sara Handy McClintock.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Eiffel Tower has 2 restaurants and one is on the first level and the 2nd one is on the 2nd level with a lift.
Wikipedia page: Eiffel Tower (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Tourism | Restaurants
text: The tower has two restaurants: Le 58 Tour Eiffel on the first level, and Le Jules Verne, a gourmet restaurant with its own lift on the second level.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Cal Ripken Jr.'s wife is a public defender.
Wikipedia page: Cal Ripken Jr. (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: He lives in Annapolis, Maryland and is married to Laura Ripken, née Kaufman, a circuit court judge in Anne Arundel County, Maryland.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Justinian is called is widely known as "Saint Justinian the Emperor" in the Eastern Orthodox Church and wisely set about the orderly rephrasing of one of Rome's law that impacts today's states.
Wikipedia page: Justinian I (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: A still more resonant aspect of his legacy was the uniform rewriting of Roman law, the Corpus Juris Civilis, which is still the basis of civil law in many modern states.
section_header: Historical sources
text: Justinian is widely regarded as a saint by Orthodox Christians, and is also commemorated by some Lutheran churches on 14 November.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Tranchell adapted The Mayor of Casterbridge in 1921 as a silent film.
Wikipedia page: The Mayor of Casterbridge (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Adaptations | Opera
text: The Mayor of Casterbridge, a 1951 opera by the young British composer Peter Tranchell, with a libretto by Tranchell and Peter Bentley.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Pope Leo the First was the Bishop of Rome.
Wikipedia page: Pope Leo I (NOCAT)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Pope Leo I (c. 400 – 10 November 461), also known as Saint Leo the Great, was Bishop of Rome from 29 September 440 and died in 461.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Happy Chandler was a politician from Georgia and served as the second Commissioner of Baseball from 1945 to 1951.
Wikipedia page: Happy Chandler (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Albert Benjamin Albert Benjamin "Happy" Chandler Sr. (July 14, 1898 – June 15, 1991) was an American politician from Kentucky.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: LArry Doby was the first black player to be signed in the National League.
Wikipedia page: Larry Doby (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Lawrence Eugene Doby (December 13, 1923 – June 18, 2003) was an American professional baseball player in the Negro leagues and Major League Baseball (MLB) who was the second black player to break baseball's color barrier and the first black player in the American League.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Towers are no longer the highest in the world.
Wikipedia page: Petronas Towers (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The Petronas Towers remain the tallest twin towers in the world.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Bottomley started playing baseball after he graduated high school.
Wikipedia page: Jim Bottomley (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: He dropped out of high school at the age of 16 to raise money for his family.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Spider-Man: Far From Home was directed by Erik Sommers.
Wikipedia page: Spider-Man: Far From Home (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The film is directed by Jon Watts, written by Chris McKenna and Erik Sommers, and stars Tom Holland as Peter Parker / Spider-Man, alongside Samuel L. Jackson, Zendaya, Cobie Smulders, Jon Favreau, J. B. Smoove, Jacob Batalon, Martin Starr, Marisa Tomei, and Jake Gyllenhaal.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Julio Iglesias performed 5000 concerts and he was the most popular international artist in China in 2013.
Wikipedia page: Julio Iglesias (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: It is estimated that during his career he has performed in more than 5000 concerts, for over 60 million people in five continents.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Rocky was created by Sylvester Stallone and he plays the lead character in the film.
Wikipedia page: Rocky (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Rocky is a 1976 American sports drama film directed by John G. Avildsen, written by and starring Sylvester Stallone.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Summer had a moniker denoting her as a "royal" figure in the world of disco.
Wikipedia page: Donna Summer (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: She gained prominence during the disco era of the late 1970s and became known as the "Queen of Disco", while her music gained a global following.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Reggie Jackson was referred to as "Mr. October" in MLB.
Wikipedia page: Reggie Jackson (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Jackson was nicknamed "Mr. October" for his clutch hitting in the postseason with the Athletics and the Yankees.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Marvin Miller, the director of the Major League Baseball Players Association, was anti-union.
Wikipedia page: Marvin Miller (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: He resolved labor-management disputes for the National War Labor Board in World War II and later worked for the International Association of Machinists and the United Auto Workers.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Grubhub Inc. was created by three men.
Wikipedia page: Grubhub (Technology)
Evidence:
section_header: History | Grubhub history
text: Chicago-based Grubhub was founded in 2004 by Mike Evans, Roman Gaskill, and Matt Maloney, to create an alternative to paper menus.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Odyssey is only 1 of the 3 prominent texts written by Homer.
Wikipedia page: Odyssey (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: In one source, the Telegony is said to have been stolen from Musaeus of Athens by either Eugamon or Eugammon of Cyrene (see Cyclic Poets).
section_header: Summary
text: The Odyssey (; Greek: Ὀδύσσεια, Odýsseia; Attic Greek: [o.dýs.sej.ja]) is one of two major ancient Greek epic poems attributed to Homer.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Robin Williams passed away from a heart attack.
Wikipedia page: Robin Williams (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Death
text: On August 11, 2014, at his home in Paradise Cay, California, Williams committed suicide by hanging.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Simon & Garfunkel broke up because their last album together was not that successful.
Wikipedia page: Simon & Garfunkel (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Their final studio album, Bridge over Troubled Water, was released that year and became their most successful, becoming one of the world's best-selling albums.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Mars, the planet, sometimes looks like candy, but the candy bar Mars, does not look like Mars the planet.
Wikipedia page: Mars (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Physical characteristics
text: It can look like butterscotch; other common surface colors include golden, brown, tan, and greenish, depending on the minerals present.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Master Builder was both a play and a film.
Wikipedia page: The Master Builder (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The Master Builder (Norwegian: Bygmester Solness) is a play by Norwegian playwright Henrik Ibsen.
section_header: Adaptation
text: The film started filming in early-2008 and was released in August.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Soon after Buchanan's retirement, the South broke away from the United States and the Civil War began.
Wikipedia page: James Buchanan (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Just weeks after Lincoln was elected as Buchanan's successor, Southern states began seceding from the U.S., and the American Civil War started.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Mail. Ru was created in the late 1980s.
Wikipedia page: Mail.Ru (Technology)
Evidence:
section_header: History
text: The business was originally owned by Port.ru, a company founded in 1998 by Eugene Goland, Michael Zaitsev and Alexey Krivenkov as spin-off from DataArt.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Gaetano Donizetti's parents, brothers, and sisters were all enthusiasts of the musical arts.
Wikipedia page: Gaetano Donizetti (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Although he did not come from a musical background, at an early age he was taken under the wing of composer Simon Mayr who had enrolled him by means of a full scholarship in a school which he had set up.
section_header: Early life and musical education in Bergamo and Bologna
text: His family was very poor and had no tradition of music, his father Andrea being the caretaker of the town pawnshop.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Jim Bunning holds an undergraduate degree.
Wikipedia page: Jim Bunning (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Education and family
text: He graduated from St. Xavier High School in Cincinnati in 1949 and received a bachelor's degree in economics from Xavier University in 1953.In 1952,
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Beach Boys started in San Diego, California.
Wikipedia page: The Beach Boys (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The Beach Boys are an American rock band formed in Hawthorne, California in 1961.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The body's second line of defence against viruses id the innate immune system.
Wikipedia page: Virus (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Role in human disease | Host defence mechanisms
text: The body's first line of defence against viruses is the innate immune system.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Manchester United F.C. is one of the most successful soccer team in England.
Wikipedia page: Manchester United F.C. (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Honours
text: Manchester United are one of the most successful clubs in Europe in terms of trophies won.
section_header: Summary
text: Manchester United have won more trophies than any other club in English football, with a record 20 League titles, 12 FA Cups, five League Cups and a record 21 FA Community Shields.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Friends ran for total of eleven seasons.
Wikipedia page: Friends (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Friends is an American sitcom television series, created by David Crane and Marta Kauffman, which aired on NBC from September 22, 1994, to May 6, 2004, lasting ten seasons.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: American baseball player Hilton Smith was the undisputed best pitcher on the Mighty Monarchs.
Wikipedia page: Hilton Smith (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Negro league career
text: He possessed an outstanding curveball, but was overshadowed by his more flamboyant teammate Satchel Paige.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Blithedale Romance was called the darkest of the author's novels and is the 3rd novel he has written in a concern genre .
Wikipedia page: The Blithedale Romance (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The Blithedale Romance (1852) is Nathaniel Hawthorne's third major romance.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The 1890 short story "An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge" ends in the protagonist escaping.
Wikipedia page: An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Plot
text: It is revealed that Farquhar never escaped at all; he imagined the entire third part of the story during the time between falling through the bridge and the noose breaking his neck.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Fungus including mushrooms have been used for medical reasons.
Wikipedia page: Fungi (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Human use | Therapeutic uses | Modern chemotherapeutics
text: The shiitake mushroom is a source of lentinan, a clinical drug approved for use in cancer treatments in several countries, including Japan.
section_header: Human use | Traditional and folk medicine
text: Notable medicinal mushrooms with a well-documented history of use include Agaricus subrufescens, Ganoderma lucidum, Psilocybe and Ophiocordyceps
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Savonarola was against all religion.
Wikipedia page: Girolamo Savonarola (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Girolamo Savonarola (UK: , US: , Italian: [dʒiˈrɔːlamo savonaˈrɔːla]; 21 September 1452 – 23 May 1498) was an Italian Dominican friar from Ferrara and preacher active in Renaissance Florence.
section_header: Summary
text: He was known for his prophecies of civic glory, the destruction of secular art and culture, and his calls for Christian renewal.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Eastwood grew up a devout Catholic because of his mother.
Wikipedia page: Clint Eastwood (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Personal life | Spiritual beliefs
text: In 1973, Eastwood told the film critic Gene Siskel, "No, I don't believe in God." Eastwood has said that he finds spirituality in nature (as suggested by his Western, Pale Rider, 1985), stating that "I was born during the Depression
section_header: Personal life | Spiritual beliefs
text: and I was brought up with no specific church.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Beetles started by playing birthday parties and weddings until they caught a big break playing at a night club in London.
Wikipedia page: The Beatles (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Led by primary songwriters Lennon and McCartney, the Beatles built their reputation playing clubs in Liverpool and Hamburg over three years from 1960, initially with Stuart Sutcliffe playing bass.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Bloomberg L.P. has an exclusive magazine that is still in publication today.
Wikipedia page: Bloomberg L.P. (Technology)
Evidence:
section_header: Products and services | Bloomberg Pursuits
text: It ceased publication in 2016.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Andre Dawson "The Hawk" and "Awesome Dawson", is an American former professional baseball player and inductee into the Baseball Hall of Fame that played for three different teams as a center and right fielder.
Wikipedia page: Andre Dawson (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: During a 21-year baseball career, he played for four different teams as a center and right fielder, spending most of his career with the Montreal Expos (1976–1986) and Chicago Cubs (1987–1992).
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Elmer Gantry is a satirical novel written by Sinclair Lewis in 1926, with its first film adaptation in 1928.
Wikipedia page: Elmer Gantry (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Adaptations
text: The 1960 film of the same name starred Burt Lancaster as Gantry and Jean Simmons as Sister Sharon Falconer.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Outside of his professional baseball career, Pie Traynor, is know for his pie baking skills, earning him his first name.
Wikipedia page: Pie Traynor (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: He received his nickname as a child in Somerville, Massachusetts, because he frequented a grocery store and often asked for pie.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Atahualpa was the first emperor.
Wikipedia page: Atahualpa (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Atahualpa (), Atawallpa (Quechua), also Atabalica, Atahuallpa, Atabalipa (in Hispanicized spellings)(c.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Friends was about 7 friends who lived in Brooklyn.
Wikipedia page: Friends (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: With an ensemble cast starring Jennifer Aniston, Courteney Cox, Lisa Kudrow, Matt LeBlanc, Matthew Perry and David Schwimmer, the show revolves around six friends in their 20s and 30s who live in Manhattan, New York City.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Stephen Douglas lost a presidential race to Lincoln.
Wikipedia page: Stephen A. Douglas (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: He was one of two Democratic Party nominees for president in the 1860 presidential election, which was won by Abraham Lincoln.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The monophyletic sponge phylum Porifera are known to feed on bacteria where they attach to a surface in water.
Wikipedia page: Porifera (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Overview
text: Although most of the approximately 5,000–10,000 known species of sponges feed on bacteria and other microscopic food in the water, some host photosynthesizing microorganisms as endosymbionts, and these alliances often produce more food and oxygen than they consume.
section_header: Overview
text: All sponges are sessile aquatic animals, meaning that they attach to an underwater surface and remain fixed in place (i.e., do not travel).
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: David, the sculpture, is made out of marble.
Wikipedia page: David (Michelangelo) (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: David is a masterpiece of Renaissance sculpture created in marble between 1501 and 1504 by the Italian artist Michelangelo.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The colossal Statue of Unity in India used 135 metric tonnes of scrap iron.
Wikipedia page: Statue of Unity (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The Statue of Unity is a colossal statue of Indian statesman and independence activist Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel (1875–1950), who was the first Deputy Prime Minister and Home minister of independent India and adherent of Mahatma Gandhi during the non-violent Indian Independence movement.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The the Taj Mahal is a mausoleum on the northern bank that is a tomb for the wife of Shah Jahan, Mumtaz Mahal.
Wikipedia page: Taj Mahal (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The Taj Mahal The Taj Mahal (; lit. 'Crown of the Palace', [taːdʒ ˈmɛːɦ(ə)l]) is an ivory-white marble mausoleum on the southern bank of the river
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Mobutu died due to heart failure.
Wikipedia page: Mobutu Sese Seko (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Exile and death
text: He was assassinated in 2001, and succeeded by his son Joseph Kabila.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Prince and the Pauper is a historical story.
Wikipedia page: The Prince and the Pauper (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The novel represents Twain's first attempt at historical fiction.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Gadsen Purchase bought the Dakotas from Canada.
Wikipedia page: Gadsden Purchase (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The Gadsden Purchase (Spanish: la Venta de La Mesilla " The Sale of La Mesilla"), is a 29,670-square-mile (76,800 km2) region of present-day southern Arizona and southwestern New Mexico that the United States acquired from Mexico by the Treaty of Mesilla, which took effect on June 8, 1854.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Eye of the Tyger consists of 24 lines of poetry and was written by William Blake.
Wikipedia page: The Tyger (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Structure
text: & what dread feet?". " The Tyger" is six stanzas in length, each stanza four lines long.
section_header: Structure
text: The first stanza opens the central question, "What immortal hand or eye, / Could frame thy fearful symmetry?
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Amy Adams's acting career began in regional theatre, where she was expected to work in the restaurant before putting on the show.
Wikipedia page: Amy Adams (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Career | 1994–2004: Dinner theater and early screen appearances
text: The job required her to wait on tables before getting up on stage to perform.
section_header: Career | 1994–2004: Dinner theater and early screen appearances
text: Adams began her professional career as a dancer in a 1994 dinner theater production of A Chorus Line in Boulder, Colorado.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Despite the popular myth, it is thought unlikely that Booth injured his lower appendages landing on the stage after shooting the president.
Wikipedia page: John Wilkes Booth (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Assassination of Lincoln
text: Booth then jumped from the President's box to the stage, where he raised his knife and shouted "Sic semper tyrannis". (Latin for "Thus always to tyrants," attributed to Brutus at Caesar's assassination; state motto of Virginia and mentioned in the new "Maryland, My Maryland", future anthem of Booth's Maryland.) According to some accounts, Booth added, "I have done it, the South is avenged!" Some witnesses reported that Booth fractured or otherwise injured his leg when his spur snagged a decorative U.S. Treasury Guard flag while leaping to the stage.
section_header: Assassination of Lincoln
text: Historian Michael W. Kauffman questioned this legend in his book American Brutus: John Wilkes Booth and the Lincoln Conspiracies, writing that eyewitness accounts of Booth's hurried stage exit made it unlikely that his leg was broken then.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Michael Jackson was known as King of Pop and has the second most record sales.
Wikipedia page: Michael Jackson (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Earnings
text: In 2019, Forbes recognized Jackson as the top-earning dead celebrity each year since his death except 2012.
section_header: Honors and awards
text: Jackson's estimated sales of over 350 million records worldwide make him the best-selling pop act of all time and the third-best-selling music artist in history.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The author passed his novel off as historically accurate even though this fails to hold up to scrutiny.
Wikipedia page: The Crucible (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Historical accuracy
text: " This does not appear to be accurate as Miller made both deliberate changes and incidental mistakes.
section_header: Historical accuracy
text: The Devil in Boston. In 1953, the year the play debuted, Miller wrote, "The Crucible is taken from history.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: There are many memorials to honor the life of politician, Barry Goldwater, but there has never been anything larger than a library named after him.
Wikipedia page: Barry Goldwater (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Legacy | Buildings and monuments
text: D.C. Barry Goldwater Peak is the highest peak in the White Tank Mountains.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Yankees won a quintet of the World Series with Gomez on the tean.
Wikipedia page: Lefty Gomez (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Gomez was a five-time World Series champion with the Yankees.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The signing of The Treaty of Ghent made way for over 200 years of a peaceful relationship between the US and Britain.
Wikipedia page: Treaty of Ghent (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: That began more than two centuries of peaceful relations between the United States and Britain, despite a few tense moments, such as the Pig War in 1859 and Trent Affair in 1861.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The stories contained within the text are about a family going to Canterbury as a pilgrimage.
Wikipedia page: The Canterbury Tales (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Genre and structure
text: Even in the Decameron, storytellers are encouraged to stick to the theme decided on for the day.
section_header: Genre and structure
text: The idea of a pilgrimage to get such a diverse collection of people together for literary purposes was also unprecedented, though "the association of pilgrims and storytelling was a familiar one".
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Frogs is a comedic play.
Wikipedia page: The Frogs (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The Frogs (Greek: Βάτραχοι Bátrachoi, "Frogs"; Latin: Ranae, often abbreviated Ran. or Ra.) is a comedy written by the Ancient Greek playwright Aristophanes.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Turing started schooling late the age of 8.
Wikipedia page: Alan Turing (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life and education | School
text: Turing's parents enrolled him at St Michael's, a day school at 20 Charles Road, St Leonards-on-Sea, at the age of six.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Enrico Fermi of Germany won the Nobel prize in 1938.
Wikipedia page: Enrico Fermi (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: Enrico Fermi was born in Rome, Italy, on 29 September 1901.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Asoka's ultimate action was to dispense part of a bit of edible flora.
Wikipedia page: Asoka (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Last years | Death
text: On his deathbed, his only possession was the half of a myrobalan fruit, which he offered to the sangha as his final donation.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Close Encounters of the Third Kind is a movie that was not written by Stanley Kubrick and had more than seven nominations.
Wikipedia page: Close Encounters of the Third Kind (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Close Encounters of the Third Kind is a 1977 American science fiction film written and directed by Steven Spielberg, and starring Richard Dreyfuss, Melinda Dillon, Teri Garr, Bob Balaban, Cary Guffey, and François Truffaut.
section_header: Release | Accolades
text: The film was nominated for 8 Oscars at the 50th Academy Awards, including Best Director, Supporting Actress (Melinda Dillon), Visual Effects, Art Direction (
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Olivia moved to Australia when she was 7.
Wikipedia page: Olivia Newton-John (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: In 1954, when Olivia was six, the Newton-Johns emigrated to Melbourne, Australia, where her father worked as a professor of German and as master of Ormond College at the University of Melbourne.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Lawrence of Arabia is an Indian film based on a tragedy.
Wikipedia page: Lawrence of Arabia (film) (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Lawrence of Arabia is a 1962 British epic historical drama film based on the life of T. E. Lawrence.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: It was translated in English.
Wikipedia page: Journey to the West (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Media adaptations
text: It was translated into English by the BBC.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Geoffrey Rush has appeared in many films, including Les Misérables, and Genius and continues to participate in the theater when he isn't visiting Toowoomba, Queensland, Australia.
Wikipedia page: Geoffrey Rush (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Career | 2010s: The Kings Speech, continued work
text: That same year, Rush starred as Albert Einstein in the first season of National Geographic's limited anthology series Genius.
section_header: Summary
text: He is particularly known for his role as Captain Barbossa in the Pirates of the Caribbean films, and has appeared in films including Elizabeth (1998), Les Miserables (1998), Frida (2001), Munich (2005), and The Book Thief (2013).
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Capacitance is called varepsilon when it is not wanted.
Wikipedia page: Capacitance (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Stray capacitance
text: This (often unwanted) capacitance is called parasitic or "stray capacitance".
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Ivan the Terrible had 7 wives.
Wikipedia page: Ivan the Terrible (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Religion
text: Despite the absolute prohibition of the Church for even the fourth marriage, Ivan had seven wives, and even with his seventh wife alive, he was negotiating to marry Mary Hastings, a distant relative of Queen Elizabeth of England.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Phoenix is the only actor in his family.
Wikipedia page: Joaquin Phoenix (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: He is the third of five children, following River (1970–1993) and Rain (born 1972), and preceding Liberty (born 1976) and Summer (born 1978), all of whom are actors.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The 1892 Homestead Strike ended in a fight with private security and it was a major win for the strikers.
Wikipedia page: Homestead Strike (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The final result was a major defeat for the union of strikers and a setback for their efforts to unionize steelworkers.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The American multinational conglomerate Alphabet Inc. was created after a restructuring of Google and it was announced first on the news in 2015.
Wikipedia page: Alphabet Inc. (Technology)
Evidence:
section_header: History
text: Alphabet Inc. Google CEO Larry Page made this announcement in a blog post on Google's official blog.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Goldwasser received two winning awards with a recipient.
Wikipedia page: Shafi Goldwasser (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Awards
text: She received the 2018 Frontier of Knowledge  award together with Micali, Rivest  and Shamir.
section_header: Awards
text: Goldwasser was awarded the 2012 Turing Award along with Silvio Micali for their work in the field of cryptography.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Baseball is Mexican society's most well liked sporting activity.
Wikipedia page: Mexico (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Culture | Sports
text: Mexico's most popular sport is association football.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: One of the characters in the film One Night of Love suffers from performance anxiety.
Wikipedia page: One Night of Love (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Plot
text: Mary discovers she has stagefright as she prepares for a tour of provincial opera houses, however Giulio helps her overcome it.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Barcelona is located in the southern region of Spain.
Wikipedia page: Barcelona (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Geography | Location
text: Barcelona is located on the northeast coast of the Iberian Peninsula, facing the Mediterranean Sea, on a plain approximately 5 km (3 mi) wide limited by the mountain range of Collserola, the Llobregat river to the southwest and the Besòs river to the north.
Verdict: REFUTES