tasksource/fool-me-twice huggingface dataset:
Claim: Refractive Index does not define the speed of the light.
Wikipedia page: Refractive index (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: In optics, the refractive index (also known as refraction index or index of refraction) of a material is a dimensionless number that describes how fast light  travels through the material.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Squids  are not part of the Mollusca Phylum.
Wikipedia page: Mollusca (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Cephalopod molluscs, such as squid, cuttlefish, and octopuses, are among the most neurologically advanced of all invertebrates—and
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Sicily is in Italy.
Wikipedia page: Sicily (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Demographics
text: About five million people live in Sicily, making it the fourth most populated region in Italy.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Ferromagnetism is the elemental mechanism by which particular matters form everlasting magnets and the word was used for any matter that could show spontaneous magnetization.
Wikipedia page: Ferromagnetism (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Ferromagnetism is the basic mechanism by which certain materials (such as iron) form permanent magnets, or are attracted to magnets.
section_header: History and distinction from ferrimagnetism
text: Historically, the term ferromagnetism was used for any material that could exhibit spontaneous magnetization: a net magnetic moment in the absence of an external magnetic field.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Le Sony'r Ra's birthday is on May 22nd.
Wikipedia page: Sun Ra (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Le Sony'r Ra (born Herman Poole Blount, May 22, 1914 – May 30, 1993), better known as Sun Ra, was an American jazz composer, bandleader, piano and synthesizer player, and poet known for his experimental music, "cosmic" philosophy, prolific output, and theatrical performances.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Stephen Decatur died in a duel with Aaron Burr.
Wikipedia page: Stephen Decatur (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Decatur's career came to an early end when he was killed in a duel with Commodore James Barron.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: In the novel A Separate Peace, Phineas's death happens while his broken leg is being operated on.
Wikipedia page: A Separate Peace (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Plot summary
text: The two forgive each other. The next day, Finny dies during the operation to set the bone when bone marrow enters his bloodstream during the surgery.
section_header: Plot summary
text: In 1942, he is 16 and living at Devon with his best friend and roommate, Phineas (nicknamed Finny).
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Mark Zuckerberg is the creator of Facebook and ranks as sixth wealthiest in the world.
Wikipedia page: Mark Zuckerberg (Technology)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: He is known for co-founding Facebook, Inc. and serves as its chairman, chief executive officer, and controlling shareholder.
section_header: Summary
text: As of July 14th, 2020, Zuckerberg’s net worth was estimated at $88.2 billion and he is listed by Forbes as the 4th-richest person in the world.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The first unannounced Disneyland park closure happened in the early 1960's after the American President was killed.
Wikipedia page: Disneyland (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Operations | Closures
text: See or edit raw graph data. Disneyland has had six unscheduled closures:  In 1963, following the assassination of John F. Kennedy.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: American professional baseball player, manager and coach Leo Durocher was appointed into the MLB Hall of Fame 3 years after his death.
Wikipedia page: Leo Durocher (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Durocher was posthumously elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1994.
section_header: Retirement
text: He was posthumously inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1994.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Uranus is alike Neptune.
Wikipedia page: Uranus (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Uranus is similar in composition to Neptune, and both have bulk chemical compositions which differ from that of the larger gas giants Jupiter and Saturn.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Exo is a boy band that has 10 singers.
Wikipedia page: Exo (band) (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Exo (Korean: 엑소; stylized in all caps) is a South Korean–Chinese boy band based in Seoul, with nine members: Xiumin, Suho, Lay, Baekhyun, Chen, Chanyeol, D.O., Kai and Sehun.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: "Chief" Bender played baseball and enjoyed giving up his vacation time to stay in control of the game.
Wikipedia page: Chief Bender (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Personal
text: He felt that shooting in the offseason helped to train his eye and increase his self-control.
section_header: Personal
text: the baseball field, Bender was one of several prominent baseball players who enjoyed trap shooting, bowling and golf.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Ferromagnetism is the kind we see in ordinary magnets being stuck on a fridge.
Wikipedia page: Ferromagnetism (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: An everyday example of ferromagnetism is a refrigerator magnet used to hold notes on a refrigerator door.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Ferromagnetism, the strongest type of magnetism, are magnets that stay magnetized.
Wikipedia page: Ferromagnetism (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Ferromagnetic materials can be divided into magnetically "soft" materials like annealed iron, which can be magnetized but do not tend to stay magnetized, and magnetically "hard" materials, which do.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Hadrian's Wall separates north and south Italy and was part of a defensive system.
Wikipedia page: Hadrian's Wall (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: While it is less than 0.6 mi (1.0 km) south of the border with Scotland in the west at Bowness-on-Solway, in the east at Wallsend it is as much as 68 miles (109 km) away.
section_header: Summary
text: In fact Hadrian's Wall lies entirely within England and has never formed the Anglo-Scottish border.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: One of the jokes in this great work of fiction compares a part of the United Kingdoms to a fat woman's butt, quite unflatteringly.
Wikipedia page: The Comedy of Errors (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Synopsis
text: Ireland is her buttocks: "I found it out by the bogs".
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Newman was popular for his Americana influenced tunes and movie compositions and he has won numerous awards.
Wikipedia page: Randy Newman (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Randall Stuart Newman (born November 28, 1943) is an American singer-songwriter, arranger and composer known for his Southern-affected singing style, early Americana-influenced songs (often with mordant or satirical lyrics), and various film scores.
section_header: Summary
text: He has also won three Emmys, seven Grammy Awards and the Governor's Award from the Recording Academy.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Daniel Webster served in the Jackson Administration as Secretary of State.
Wikipedia page: Daniel Webster (History)
Evidence:
section_header: First period in the Senate | Jackson administration, 1829–1837 | Second Reply to Hayne
text: The Jackson administration suffered from factionalism between supporters of Secretary of State Van Buren and Vice President Calhoun, the latter of whom took prominent role in propounding the doctrine of nullification.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: ABBA was two married couples who later both divorced.
Wikipedia page: ABBA (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: During the band's main active years, it was composed of two married couples: Fältskog and Ulvaeus, and Lyngstad and Andersson.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk discontinued Russia's involvement in WWI.
Wikipedia page: Treaty of Brest-Litovsk (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk (also known as the Treaty of Brest in Russia) was a peace treaty signed on March 3, 1918, between the new Bolshevik government of Russia and the Central Powers (German Empire, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, and the Ottoman Empire), that ended Russia's participation in World War I.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: "Candy" Cummings had a promising future as a curvy merman studying sea shells and fooling around with clams at the Excelsior club in Ware.
Wikipedia page: Candy Cummings (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Invention of the curveball
text: Cummings said that he discovered the idea of the curveball while studying the movement sea shells made when thrown.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Netflix is being looked into for maybe not paying governments for doing business.
Wikipedia page: Netflix (Technology)
Evidence:
section_header: Criticism | Tax avoidance
text: Allegations of tax evasion are also being investigated by Italian prosecutors.
section_header: Criticism | Tax avoidance
text: According to a blog post by the Institute on Taxation and Economic Policy, Netflix reported its largest ever profit in the US for 2018, but paid nothing in federal or state tax.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Second Bank of the United States was a great success that still exists today.
Wikipedia page: Second Bank of the United States (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Failing to secure recharter, the Second Bank of the United States became a private corporation in 1836, and underwent liquidation in 1841.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Mausoleum holds a special place in history since it was not dedicated to the gods of Ancient Greece.
Wikipedia page: Mausoleum at Halicarnassus (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Discovery and excavation
text: Because the statues were of people and animals, the Mausoleum holds a special place in history, as it was not dedicated to the gods of Ancient Greece.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Compromise of 1850 was a set of proposed legislation that had implications for states like Texas.
Wikipedia page: Compromise of 1850 (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The Compromise of 1850 was a package of five separate bills passed by the United States Congress in September 1850 that defused a political confrontation between slave and free states on the status of territories acquired in the Mexican–American War.
section_header: Summary
text: It also set Texas's western and northern borders and included provisions addressing fugitive slaves and the slave trade.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Mayor of Casterbridge was a film by Brazilian director Relson Gracie.
Wikipedia page: The Mayor of Casterbridge (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The Mayor of Casterbridge: The Life and Death of a Man of Character is an 1886 novel by the English author Thomas Hardy.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Rickey Henderson grew up with both of his parents.
Wikipedia page: Rickey Henderson (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Early years
text: I couldn't wait. " When he was two years old, his father left home, and his family moved to Oakland, California, when he was seven.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: American executive John Schuerholz played baseball.
Wikipedia page: John Schuerholz (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Personal life
text: Schuerholz was born in [Baltimore], the son of John Schuerholz Sr., who played in the Philadelphia Athletics minor league system from 1937 to 1940.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Achebe also had 2 later novels, A Man of the People and Anthills of Savannah.
Wikipedia page: Things Fall Apart (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Achebe states that his two later novels A Man of the People (1966) and Anthills of the Savannah (1987), while not featuring Okonkwo's descendants, are spiritual successors to the previous novels in chronicling African history.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: There are no hidden chambers underneath the Great Spinx of Giza fueled by speculation provided by Ramessess II the Great in 1990s.
Wikipedia page: Great Sphinx of Giza (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Origin and identity | Fringe hypotheses | Hidden chambers
text: There is a long history of speculation about hidden chambers beneath the Sphinx, by esoteric figures such as H. Spencer Lewis.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Magellan's corpse was damaged very severely during his death.
Wikipedia page: Ferdinand Magellan (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Death
text: Nothing of Magellan's body survived, that afternoon the grieving rajah-king, hoping to recover his remains, offered Mactan's victorious chief a handsome ransom of copper and iron for them but Datu Lapulapu refused.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Phil Rizzuto played for the Yankees and has been mentioned in pop culture.
Wikipedia page: Phil Rizzuto (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: He spent his entire 13-year baseball career with the New York Yankees (1941–1956), and was elected to the National Baseball Hall of Fame in 1994.
section_header: Popular culture
text: In the Adam Sandler film Billy Madison Billy was asked to write Rizzuto's last name in cursive in which he spelled "Rirruto" because he didn't know how to write a cursive "z".
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Nero was a Roman emperor and the last ruler of the Julio-Claudian that reigned during the great fire of rome.
Wikipedia page: Nero (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Nero ( NEER- oh; Nero Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus; 15 December 37 – 9 June 68 AD) was Roman emperor from 54 to 68, the last ruler of the Julio-Claudian dynasty.
section_header: Reign (54–68 AD) | Great Fire of Rome
text: The Great Fire of Rome erupted on the night of 18 to 19 July, AD 64.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Ryne Sandberg's charity helped young people raised in single and nontraditional parent households.
Wikipedia page: Ryne Sandberg (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Personal life | Charity foundations
text: Sandberg and his wife, Margaret, founded Ryno Kid Care  to assist in the lives of children with serious illnesses.
section_header: Personal life | Charity foundations
text: Ryno Kid Care also provided massage therapists and clowns dressed up as doctors and nurses to brighten the children's day.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Freddie Mercury wrote most of his songs with a guitar and used a variety of key signatures.
Wikipedia page: Freddie Mercury (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Artistry | Songwriting
text: He wrote most of his songs on the piano and used a wide variety of key signatures.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Dizzy Dean was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1954.
Wikipedia page: Dizzy Dean (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Accomplishments
text: Elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1953
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Coriolis effect, of Call of Duty: Modern Warfare fame, actually would have a notable effect on an extreme-ranged rifle shot.
Wikipedia page: Coriolis effect (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Applied to the Earth | Ballistic trajectories
text: It is adjusted for by accurate long-distance shooters, such as snipers.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Trojan Women are apart of the trilogy.
Wikipedia page: The Trojan Women (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Modern Treatments and Adaptations
text: In an attempt to reposition The Trojan Women as the third play of a trilogy, Stuttard then reconstructed Euripides’ lost Alexandros and Palamedes (in 2005 and 2006 respectively), to form a 'Trojan Trilogy', which was performed in readings at the British Museum and Tristan Bates Theatre (2007), and Europe House, Smith Square (2012), London.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Star Wars: The Rise of Skywalker is a 2019 American epic space   film starring Billie Lourd.
Wikipedia page: Star Wars: The Rise of Skywalker (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The film's ensemble cast includes Carrie Fisher, Mark Hamill, Adam Driver, Daisy Ridley, John Boyega, Oscar Isaac, Anthony Daniels, Naomi Ackie, Domhnall Gleeson, Richard E. Grant, Lupita Nyong'o, Keri Russell, Joonas Suotamo, Kelly Marie Tran, Ian McDiarmid, and Billy Dee Williams.
section_header: Production | Casting
text: The following April, Fisher's brother Todd revealed that Fisher's daughter, Billie Lourd, had granted Disney the rights to use recent footage of Fisher.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Angkor Wat initially was made as a temple for Islam.
Wikipedia page: Angkor Wat (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Originally constructed as a Hindu temple dedicated to the god Vishnu for the Khmer Empire, it was gradually transformed into a Buddhist temple towards the end of the 12th century as such it is also described as a "Hindu-Buddhist" temple.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: A Death in the Family was not finished when the its author passed away.
Wikipedia page: A Death in the Family (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: He began writing it in 1948, but it was not quite complete when he died in 1955 (with reputedly many portions having been written in the home of his friend Frances Wickes).
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Edward Elgar was an Irishman that grew up in Dublin to become a composer for the Queen.
Wikipedia page: Edward Elgar (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Sir Edward William Elgar, 1st Baronet, (; 2 June 1857 – 23 February 1934) was an English composer, many of whose works have entered the British and international classical concert repertoire.
section_header: Biography | Early years
text: Edward Elgar was born in the small village of Lower Broadheath, outside Worcester, England.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Prometheus Bound is a play and mostly uses speech.
Wikipedia page: Prometheus Bound (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Synopsis
text: The play is composed almost entirely of speeches and contains little action since its protagonist is chained and immobile throughout.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Arab families have a higher rate of employment than Jewish families.
Wikipedia page: Jerusalem (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Economy
text: Nevertheless, the percentage of households with employed persons is higher for Arab households (76.1%) than for Jewish households (66.8%).
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Lying west of Japan, this nation's land mass 150,540 sq. km
Wikipedia page: North Korea (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Geography
text: It covers an area of 120,540 square kilometers (46,541 sq mi).
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Aristotle was a Greek philosopher who was taught by Socrates.
Wikipedia page: Aristotle (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Taught by Plato, he was the founder of the Lyceum, the Peripatetic school of philosophy, and the Aristotelian tradition.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The play won multiple awards.
Wikipedia page: Death of a Salesman (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Productions
text: The production won the Tony Award for: Best Revival of a Play; Best Actor in Play; Best Featured Actress in a Play (Elizabeth Franz); Best Direction of a Play (Robert Falls).
section_header: Productions
text: It won the Tony Award for Best Play, Best Supporting or Featured Actor (Arthur Kennedy), Best Scenic Design (Jo Mielziner), Producer (Dramatic), Author (Arthur Miller), and Director (Elia Kazan), as well as the 1949 Pulitzer Prize for Drama and the New York Drama Critics' Circle Award for Best Play.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Laurence Olivier was an English actor and producer, playing more than fifty cinema roles.
Wikipedia page: Laurence Olivier (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Laurence Kerr Olivier, Baron Olivier, (; 22 May 1907 – 11 July 1989) was an English actor and director who, along with his contemporaries Ralph Richardson, Peggy Ashcroft and John Gielgud, dominated the British stage of the mid-20th century.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Book of Daniel did not inspire any artists.
Wikipedia page: The Book of Daniel (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The book divides into two parts, a set of six court tales in chapters 1–6 written mostly in Aramaic, followed by four apocalyptic visions in chapters 7–12, written mostly in Hebrew.
section_header: Influence | Western culture
text: Artists including Michelangelo, Rembrandt and Eugène Delacroix have all drawn on its imagery.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Mahabharata was a story about Nepalese people history of finding Mount Everest.
Wikipedia page: Mahabharata (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: It narrates the struggle between two groups of cousins in the Kurukshetra War and the fates of the Kaurava and the Pāṇḍava princes and their successors.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Oedipus reaches the age of an adult and undertakes the hermit as his child because of his own lonely and cruel exposure to the world when given to a shepherd.
Wikipedia page: Oedipus Tyrannus (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Context | Birth of Oedipus
text: The servant exposes the infant on a mountaintop, where he is found and rescued by a shepherd. (In other versions, the servant gives the infant to the shepherd.) The shepherd names the child Oedipus, "swollen foot", as his feet had been tightly bound by Laius.
section_header: Context | Oedipus and the Oracle
text: As he grows to manhood, Oedipus hears a rumour that he is not truly the son of Polybus and his wife, Merope.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Research firms were commissioned to do independent studies comparing the total cost of ownership of Windows Server 2003 to Linux.
Wikipedia page: Microsoft (Technology)
Evidence:
section_header: Corporate affairs | Marketing
text: In 2004, Microsoft commissioned research firms to do independent studies comparing the total cost of ownership (TCO) of Windows Server 2003 to Linux; the firms concluded that companies found Windows easier to administrate than Linux, thus those using Windows would administrate faster resulting in lower costs for their company (i.e. lower TCO).
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Nicholas I of Russia was the Emperor of Russia and married his second cousin.
Wikipedia page: Nicholas I of Russia (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life and road to power
text: Nicholas and Charlotte were third cousins, as they were both great-great-grandchildren of Frederick William I of Prussia.
section_header: Early life and road to power
text: "On 13 July 1817, Nicholas married Princess Charlotte of Prussia (1798–1860), who thereafter went by the name Alexandra Feodorovna when she converted to Orthodoxy.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: In the Importance of Being Earnest, Ernest pretends to be Jack.
Wikipedia page: The Importance of Being Earnest (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Synopsis | Act I: Algernon Moncrieff's flat in Half Moon Street, W
text: Algernon refuses to consent until Ernest explains why his cigarette case bears the inscription, "From little Cecily, with her fondest love to her dear Uncle Jack." 'Ernest' is forced to admit to living a double life.
section_header: Synopsis | Act I: Algernon Moncrieff's flat in Half Moon Street, W
text: In the country, he assumes a serious attitude for the benefit of his young ward, the heiress Cecily Cardew, and goes by the name of John (or Jack), while pretending that he must worry about a wastrel younger brother named Ernest in London.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Kirby Puckett started his undergraduate studies after finishing high school.
Wikipedia page: Kirby Puckett (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: After receiving no scholarship offers following graduation, Puckett went to work on an assembly line for Ford Motor Company.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: British rule was a positive event and aided in equal rights for Uganda.
Wikipedia page: Uganda (History)
Evidence:
section_header: History | Buganda crisis (1962–1966)
text: This was evidenced in part by hostilities between the British colonial authorities and Buganda prior to independence.
section_header: Human rights
text: There are many areas which continue to attract concern when it comes to human rights in Uganda.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Eric Clapton is in the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as both a solo artitst and as part of two different bands.
Wikipedia page: Eric Clapton (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: He is the only three-time inductee to the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame: once as a solo artist and separately as a member of the Yardbirds and of Cream.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The viscosity of a fluid is a measure of its resistance approaching the concept of the mass layers of fluid proportional to motion.
Wikipedia page: Viscosity (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: For liquids, it corresponds to the informal concept of "thickness": for example, syrup has a higher viscosity than water.
section_header: Summary
text: The viscosity of a fluid is a measure of its resistance to deformation at a given rate.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Doctor Zhivago is a crime film that is set in Germany.
Wikipedia page: Doctor Zhivago (film) (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Doctor Zhivago (Italian: Il dottor Živago) is a 1965 epic romantic drama film directed by David Lean with a screenplay by Robert Bolt.
section_header: Summary
text: It is set in Russia between the years prior to World War I and the Russian Civil War of 1918–1922, and is based on the 1957 Boris Pasternak novel Doctor Zhivago.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Finnegans Wake's author created his own idiom with a mix of over 50 dialects.
Wikipedia page: Finnegans Wake (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Language and style
text: Joyce invented a unique polyglot-language or idioglossia solely for the purpose of this work.
section_header: Language and style
text: This language is composed of composite words from some sixty to seventy world languages, combined to form puns, or portmanteau words and phrases intended to convey several layers of meaning at once.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: After loosing his speech, he found a way to communicate through a speech generating device.
Wikipedia page: Stephen Hawking (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: After the loss of his speech, he was able to communicate through a speech-generating device—initially through use of a handheld switch, and eventually by using a single cheek muscle.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Some people argue that The Jew of Malta is not antisemitic because it is equally disparaging of Jews, Christians, and Muslims.
Wikipedia page: The Jew of Malta (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Discussion | History of Elizabethan antisemitism | Antisemitism in The Jew of Malta
text: If one looks past the surface, it is argued, the play can be seen as uniting all three religions it represents—Judaism, Islam, and Christianity—by way of their mutual hypocrisy.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Alhambra is a fort constructed in Saudi Arabia and named after the color red.
Wikipedia page: The Alhambra (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: lit. ' " The Red One"') is a palace and fortress complex located in Granada, Andalusia, Spain.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Lyft has not been lucrative yet.
Wikipedia page: Lyft (Technology)
Evidence:
section_header: Product overview | Profits
text: The company recently indicated that it would be profitable on an adjusted basis by fourth quarter of 2021.
section_header: Product overview | Profits
text: Between June and September 2019, Lyft lost $463.5 millon.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Alexander Kerensky was a law practitioner.
Wikipedia page: Alexander Kerensky (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Alexander Fyodorovich Kerensky ( KERR-ən-skee, kə-REN-skee; Russian: Алекса́ндр Фёдорович Ке́ренский, IPA: [ɐlʲɪkˈsandr ˈkʲerʲɪnskʲɪj]; original spelling: Александръ Ѳедоровичъ Керенскій; 4 May [O.S. 22 April] 1881 – 11 June 1970) was a Russian lawyer and revolutionary who was a key political figure in the Russian Revolution of 1917.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: In Demosthenes' times, the feeling of justice was sought over adherence to the exact letter of the law.
Wikipedia page: Demosthenes (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Career | Legal career
text: Logographers were a unique aspect of the Athenian justice system: evidence for a case was compiled by a magistrate in a preliminary hearing and litigants could present it as they pleased within set speeches; however, witnesses and documents were popularly mistrusted (since they could be secured by force or bribery), there was little cross-examination during the trial, there were no instructions to the jury from a judge, no conferencing between jurists before voting, the juries were huge (typically between 201 and 501 members), cases depended largely on questions of probable motive, and notions of natural justice were felt to take precedence over written law—conditions that favoured artfully constructed speeches.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: A few years after its release, Frida's star, Hayek, accused its director of pushing her to show her breast.
Wikipedia page: Frida (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Production
text: When producer Polstein left Trimark, however, the production faltered again, and Hayek approached Harvey Weinstein and Miramax, and the company purchased the film from Trimark; Julie Taymor came onto the project as director.
section_header: Production
text: In a December 2017 op-ed for The New York Times, Hayek stated that Weinstein attempted to thwart the making of the film because Hayek had refused to grant him sexual favors and also threatened to shut down the film unless Hayek agreed to include a full frontal nude sex scene with herself and another woman.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The novel is a caricature of the era of England from the mid 1800s to the beginning of the 1900s.
Wikipedia page: Erewhon (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The book is a satire on Victorian society.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Richard Marquard did not become a hall of famer until 1971.
Wikipedia page: Rube Marquard (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: He was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1971.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The series premiered on October 31, 2011.
Wikipedia page: The Walking Dead (TV series) (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The series premiered on October 31, 2010.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Henry Cabot Lodge was best buddies with Theodore Roosevelt.
Wikipedia page: Henry Cabot Lodge (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Political career
text: Lodge was very close to Theodore Roosevelt for both of their entire careers.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Swallowing nickel puts you at an increased risk of cancer.
Wikipedia page: Nickel (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Toxicity
text: Ni oxide in rats and mice. The human and animal data consistently indicate a lack of carcinogenicity via the oral route of exposure and limit the carcinogenicity of nickel compounds to respiratory tumours after inhalation.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: It was reinterpreted by Shyam Benegal in kaylug.
Wikipedia page: Mahabharata (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Versions, translations, and derivative works | In film and television
text: The Mahābhārata was also reinterpreted by Shyam Benegal in Kalyug.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Cal Ripken Jr. was a great American MLB shortstop and third baseman that was unanimously voted into the Hall of Fame.
Wikipedia page: Cal Ripken Jr. (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: In 2007, he was elected to the National Baseball Hall of Fame in his first year of eligibility with 98.53% of votes, the sixth-highest election percentage ever.
section_header: Awards and records | Records and honors
text: 2001: Uniform #8 retired by the Baltimore Orioles 2007: Elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame by 98.53% of voters, the highest percentage of votes ever for a position player, as well as third-highest overall.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Frankie Frisch got his name "The Old Flash" from the side of a train that went by the New York Giants' stadium.
Wikipedia page: Frankie Frisch (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: His speed earned him the nickname "The Fordham Flash".
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Bill McKechnie was given a nickname because he played the guitar.
Wikipedia page: Bill McKechnie (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: He was nicknamed "Deacon" because he sang in his church choir and generally lived a quiet life.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Montgomery Clift had a twin brother.
Wikipedia page: Montgomery Clift (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: They had married in 1914. They had married in 1914. Clift had a twin sister, Ethel, who survived him by 48 years, and a brother, William Brooks Clift, Jr. (1919–1986), who had an illegitimate son with actress Kim Stanley and was later married to political reporter Eleanor Clift.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Australia is the eighth largest by land size on Earth.
Wikipedia page: Australia (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: It is the largest country in Oceania and the world's sixth-largest country by total area.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: In addition to attending Princeton college, Sumner taught at the same institution.
Wikipedia page: Charles Sumner (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life, education, and law career
text: From 1836 to 1837, Sumner lectured at Harvard Law School.
section_header: Early life, education, and law career
text: After his 1830 graduation, he attended Harvard Law School where he became a protégé of Joseph Story.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Greg Maddux was a pitcher and now a coach.
Wikipedia page: Greg Maddux (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Gregory Alan Maddux (born April 14, 1966) is an American college baseball coach and former Major League Baseball (MLB) pitcher.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Uncle Vanya debuted as a French film.
Wikipedia page: Uncle Vanya (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Uncle Vanya (Russian: Дядя Ваня, romanized: Dyadya Vanya) is a play by the Russian playwright Anton Chekhov.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The novel was published in 1984.
Wikipedia page: Nineteen Eighty-Four (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: It was published on 8 June 1949 by Secker & Warburg as Orwell's ninth and final book completed in his lifetime.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Harry Wright was the first person to encourage the crowd to sing "Take Me Out to the Ballgame" during a baseball game.
Wikipedia page: Harry Wright (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Cincinnati | Seventh-Inning Stretch Report
text: In 1869 Wright became the first to make written mention of the Seventh-inning stretch in a game he watched.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: South Africa has a high rate of inequality.
Wikipedia page: South Africa (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: However, crime, poverty and inequality remain widespread, with about a quarter of the population unemployed and living on less than US$1.25 a day.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Truman Capote asked his pal Jack Dunphy to investigate for him the murder case that was the basis of the book.
Wikipedia page: In Cold Blood (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Capote's research
text: He brought his childhood friend Nelle Harper Lee (who would later win the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction for her novel To Kill a Mockingbird) to help gain the confidence of the locals in Kansas.
section_header: Capote's research
text: Chaos poised to rush in." Capote became interested in the murders after reading about them in The New York Times.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: There aren't any direct references to the Christian holy book made in this poem, instead relying on other works like Dante's inferno to relay similar values.
Wikipedia page: The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Description | Use of allusion
text: I am no prophet — and here's no great matter" I am no prophet — and here's no great matter" (81–2) is John the Baptist, whose head was delivered to Salome by Herod as a reward for her dancing (Matthew 14:1–11, and Oscar Wilde's play Salome).
section_header: Description | Use of allusion
text: "'I am Lazarus, come from the dead'" (94) may be either the beggar Lazarus (of Luke 16) returning for the rich man who was not permitted to return from the dead to warn the brothers of a rich man about Hell, or the Lazarus (of John 11) whom Christ raised from the dead, or both.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Apollo 13 was released in the 1990's.
Wikipedia page: Apollo 13 (film) (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Apollo 13 is a 1995 American space docudrama film directed by Ron Howard and starring Tom Hanks, Kevin Bacon, Bill Paxton, Ed Harris, and Gary Sinise.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Zack Wheat played less than 20 years in the MLB.
Wikipedia page: Zack Wheat (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Zachariah Davis "Zack" Wheat (May 23, 1888 – March 11, 1972), nicknamed "Buck", was a Major League Baseball left fielder for Brooklyn in the National League.
section_header: Summary
text: A consistent hitter throughout his 19-year career
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Khmer Empire is from Cambodia.
Wikipedia page: Khmer Empire (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The Khmer Empire (; Khmer: ចក្រភពខ្មែរ: Chakrphup Khmer or អាណាចក្រខ្មែរ Anachak Khmer), also known as the Angkor Empire (Khmer: The Khmer Empire (; Khmer: ចក្រភពខ្មែរ: Chakrphup Khmer or អាណាចក្រខ្មែរ Anachak Khmer), also known as the Angkor Empire (Khmer: អាណាចក្រអង្គរ: Anachak Angkor), the predecessor state to modern Cambodia ("Kampuchea" or "Srok Khmer" to the Khmer people), was a Hindu-Buddhist empire in Southeast Asia.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Lester B. Pearson had to have one of his eyes taken out.
Wikipedia page: Lester B. Pearson (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Illness and death
text: In 1970, Pearson underwent a surgery to have his right eye removed in order to remove a tumor in that area.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: One of George Clooney's early roles was as a Mr. Fix-It type on a sitcom.
Wikipedia page: George Clooney (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Career | Early work, 1978–1993
text: He played a handyman on the series The Facts of Life and appeared as Bobby Hopkins, a detective, on an episode of The Golden Girls.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Steve had a Buddhist wedding ceremony and a vegan cake.
Wikipedia page: Steve Jobs (Technology)
Evidence:
section_header: Family | Marriage
text: They married on March 18, 1991, in a Buddhist ceremony at the Ahwahnee Hotel in Yosemite National Park.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The baseball player Willie Keeler retired in 1910 and was one of the smallest players in the game.
Wikipedia page: Willie Keeler (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Professional baseball career
text: When Keeler retired in 1910, he was third all-time in hits with 2,932, behind only Cap Anson and Jake Beckley.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The name of the novel is based on the name of a famous piece of prose.
Wikipedia page: A Passage to India (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The novel is based on Forster's experiences in India, deriving the title from Walt Whitman's 1870 poem "Passage to India" in Leaves of Grass.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: All eagles belong to the same group and are in the same class.
Wikipedia page: Eagles (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Eagles belong to several groups of genera, not all of which are closely related.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Anton Webern was an Austrian composer and conductor, and in the core of those in the circle of the Second Viennese School, including Ernst Krenek and Theodor W. Adorno.
Wikipedia page: Anton Webern (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Anton Friedrich Wilhelm von Webern (German: [ˈantɔn ˈveːbɐn] (listen); 3 December 1883 – 15 September 1945) was an Austrian composer and conductor.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Simmons won two world series titles with the Philadelphia Athletics.
Wikipedia page: Al Simmons (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Nicknamed "Bucketfoot Al", he played for two decades in Major League Baseball (MLB) as an outfielder and had his best years with Connie Mack's Philadelphia Athletics during the late 1920s and early 1930s, winning two World Series with Philadelphia.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Spain national football team has its own field.
Wikipedia page: Spain national football team (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Team image | Home stadium
text: Spain does not have a designated national stadium, and as such, major qualifying matches are usually played at the Santiago Bernabéu Stadium in Madrid.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Kim Kardashian has European heritage.
Wikipedia page: Kim Kardashian (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Personal life | Advocacy
text: Kardashian has expressed pride in her Armenian and Scottish ancestry.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Some of the situations from Childe Harold's Pilgrimage were used as subjects in the artwork of one of Lord Byron's fans.
Wikipedia page: Childe Harold's Pilgrimage (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Influence | Painting
text: J. M. W. Turner was an admirer of Byron’s poetry and made scenes from the Pilgrimage the subject of several paintings.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Greece, a country in Europe officially known as the Hellenic Republic, adopted the euro in 2001 and is part of the United Nations but not the European Union.
Wikipedia page: Greece (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Economy | Introduction
text: Greece was accepted into the Economic and Monetary Union of the European Union on 19 June 2000, and in January 2001 adopted the Euro as its currency, replacing the Greek drachma at an exchange rate of 340.75 drachma to the Euro.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Charles Leonard Gehringer hit the ball as a rightie but threw the ball as a leftie.
Wikipedia page: Charlie Gehringer (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Overview
text: Widely regarded as one of the greatest second basemen of all time, Gehringer, who batted left-handed and threw with his right, compiled a .320 batting average and had seven seasons with more than 200 hits.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Austrian composer Anton Bruckner was known for being assertive and full of bravado.
Wikipedia page: Anton Bruckner (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Unlike other musical radicals such as Richard Wagner and Hugo Wolf, Bruckner showed extreme humility before other musicians, Wagner in particular.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Jojo Rabbit is about a boy who finds out his father was a rabbit breeder.
Wikipedia page: Jojo Rabbit (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Roman Griffin Davis portrays the title character, Johannes "Jojo" Betzler, a Hitler Youth member who finds out his mother (Scarlett Johansson) is hiding a Jewish girl (Thomasin McKenzie) in their attic.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Carl Wilhelm Scheele is noted for having discovered oxygen.
Wikipedia page: Oxygen (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Oxygen was isolated by Michael Sendivogius before 1604, but it is commonly believed that the element was discovered independently by Carl Wilhelm Scheele, in Uppsala, in 1773 or earlier, and Joseph Priestley in Wiltshire, in 1774.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The wedding in the movie The Deer Hunter had a real-life Presbyterian minister perform the rite, even though the church was Catholic.
Wikipedia page: The Deer Hunter (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Filming | The wedding scenes
text: St. Theodosius' Father Stephen Kopestonsky was cast as the priest at the wedding.
section_header: Filming | The wedding scenes
text: The wedding scenes were filmed at the historic St. Theodosius Russian Orthodox Cathedral in the Tremont neighborhood of Cleveland, Ohio.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Coming Home starred Jane Fonda.
Wikipedia page: Coming Home (1978 film) (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: It stars Jane Fonda, Jon Voight, Bruce Dern, Penelope Milford, Robert Carradine and Robert Ginty.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The laws of the Talmud in the Jerusalem version and the Babylonian version are essentially the same.
Wikipedia page: Talmud (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Babylonian and Jerusalem | Comparison of style and subject matter
text: The law as laid down in the two compilations is basically similar, except in emphasis and in minor details.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Benjamin Franklin convinced Thomas Paine to move to the New World.
Wikipedia page: Thomas Paine (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life and education
text: On June 4, 1774, he formally separated from his wife Elizabeth and moved to London, where, in September, mathematician, Fellow of the Royal Society, and Commissioner of the Excise George Lewis Scott introduced him to Benjamin Franklin, who suggested emigration to British colonial America, and gave him a letter of recommendation.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Adenauer was German and a Democrat.
Wikipedia page: Konrad Adenauer (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Konrad Hermann Joseph Adenauer (German: [ˈkɔnʁaːt ˈʔaːdənaʊɐ] (listen); 5 January 1876 – 19 April 1967) was a German statesman who served as the first Chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany) from 1949 to 1963.
section_header: Summary
text: He was co-founder and first leader of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU) (until 1966), a Christian Democratic party that under his leadership became one of the most influential parties in the country.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: High damping or cycle to cycle translates to an unforced vibrational frequency.
Wikipedia page: Resonance (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Overview
text: When damping is small, the resonant frequency is approximately equal to the natural frequency of the system, which is a frequency of unforced vibrations.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Terms of Endearment does talk about the twenty years of a relation between a wife and a husband.
Wikipedia page: Terms of Endearment (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The film covers 30 years of the relationship between Aurora Greenway (MacLaine) and her daughter Emma (Winger).
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Ruth Benedict was engrossed with death as a kid and read any book she had access to.
Wikipedia page: Ruth Benedict (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life | Childhood
text: Ruth also had a fascination with death as a young child.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Naismith was not mayan, and so rumors that Basketball was created by mayans are highly overestimated.
Wikipedia page: James Naismith (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Personal life
text: James Naismith was the second child of Margaret and John Naismith, two Scottish immigrants.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Paul Hindemith was a German composer that has a festivity in his honor every year in the United States.
Wikipedia page: Paul Hindemith (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Hindemithon Festival
text: An annual festival of Hindemith's music is held at William Paterson University in Wayne, New Jersey.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: James Naismith was born on November 6, 1861 in Almonte (Canada West)  to Scottish immigrants.
Wikipedia page: James Naismith (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Early years
text: Naismith was born on November 6, 1861, in Almonte, Canada West (now part of Mississippi Mills, Ontario, Canada) to Scottish immigrants.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Look Homeward, Angel: A Story of the Buried Life is a 1929 novel by Thomas Wolfe that took twelve years to finish getting a negative reception and tearing down Wolfe.
Wikipedia page: Look Homeward, Angel (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Genesis and publication history
text: " The novel was written over 20 months.
section_header: Critical reception
text: Look Homeward, Angel was published in 1929 to generally positive reviews in North America, most praising the author's brilliance and emotional power.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The poem The Rape of the Lock is a satire.
Wikipedia page: The Rape of the Lock (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Description
text: It is a satire on contemporary society which showcases the lifestyle led by some people of that age.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Aaron Burr killed a man in a dual.
Wikipedia page: Aaron Burr (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: His role in helping form the nation, however, would be overshadowed when he killed fellow Founding Father Alexander Hamilton in an 1804 duel and the charges of treason brought against him in 1807.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Cider House Rules was a book that was only made into a movie.
Wikipedia page: The Cider House Rules (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The Cider House Rules (1985) is a novel by American writer John Irving, a Bildungsroman, which was later adapted into a film (1999) and a stage play by Peter Parnell.
Verdict: REFUTES