tasksource/fool-me-twice huggingface dataset:
Claim: The Mali Empire was an Eastern Asia empire in the Tibetan country side.
Wikipedia page: Mali Empire (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The Mali Empire (Manding: Nyeni or Niani; also historically referred to as the Manden Kurufaba, sometimes shortened to Manden) was an empire in West Africa from c. 1235 to 1670.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Arkin's parents were accused of being communists during the red scare in America.
Wikipedia page: Alan Arkin (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: His parents moved to Los Angeles when Alan was 11, but an 8-month Hollywood strike cost his father his job as a set designer.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Lasorda passed away in 2011.
Wikipedia page: Tommy Lasorda (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Thomas Charles Lasorda (born September 22, 1927) is an American former Major League Baseball pitcher, coach, and manager, who is best known for his two decades managing the Los Angeles Dodgers.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Kamehameha V came to power right before his brother's death in 1852.
Wikipedia page: Kamehameha V (NOCAT)
Evidence:
section_header: New constitution and new laws
text: He came to power on November 30, 1863, after his brother's death, but refused to uphold the previous constitution of 1852.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Mansfield Park's reviews were very delayed on this book.
Wikipedia page: Mansfield Park (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The novel did not receive any public reviews until 1821.
section_header: Summary
text: Mansfield Park is the third published novel by Jane Austen, first published in 1814 by Thomas Egerton.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The earth is covered 80 percent by water.
Wikipedia page: Water (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Distribution in nature | In the universe | Liquid water
text: Liquid water is present on Earth, covering 71% of its surface.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Nolan Ryan was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1999.
Wikipedia page: Nolan Ryan (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: He was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1999.Ryan was a right-handed pitcher who consistently threw pitches that were clocked above 100 miles per hour (161 km/h).
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Winter's Tale is about a woman snowed in and trying to survive.
Wikipedia page: The Winter's Tale (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Synopsis
text: Leontes vows to spend the rest of his days atoning for the loss of his son, his abandoned daughter, and his queen.
section_header: Synopsis
text: Following a brief setup scene the play begins with the appearance of two childhood friends: Leontes, King of Sicilia, and Polixenes, the King of Bohemia.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Pope Clement VII arranged for his daughter to get married to a son a King.
Wikipedia page: Pope Clement VII (NOCAT)
Evidence:
section_header: Final months
text: His plans to ally the House of Medici with the French royal family bore fruit in the betrothal of the Pope's niece, Catherine de' Medici, to Henri, the son of King Francis I. Before setting out
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Dian Fossey was an American primatologist and conservationist known for undertaking an extensive study of mountain gorilla groups from 1966 until her 1985 murder where it has been theorized that her murder was linked to her conservation efforts, probably by a gorilla.
Wikipedia page: Dian Fossey (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: It has been theorized that her murder was linked to her conservation efforts, probably by a poacher.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Atomic nitrogen has five electrons, which are inactive energy needed to sustain breath occurring in most organisms.
Wikipedia page: Nitrogen (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Properties | Atomic
text: A nitrogen atom has seven electrons.
section_header: Summary
text: Nitrogen occurs in all organisms, primarily in amino acids (and thus proteins), in the nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) and in the energy transfer molecule adenosine triphosphate.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The gaslight is a light that is either produced by flame or electrical gas.
Wikipedia page: Gaslight (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The light is produced either directly by the flame, generally by using special mixes of illuminating gas to increase brightness, or indirectly with other components such as the gas mantle or the limelight, with the gas primarily functioning as a fuel source.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Atahualpa was the last Incan emperor for lack of any family to take on the mantle after his execution by the Spanish.
Wikipedia page: Atahualpa (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Prison and execution
text: Atahualpa was succeeded by his brother Túpac Huallpa, and later by another brother, Manco Inca.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Hanseatic League had its beginnings after Visby was sacked by the Gaulish tribes of Thaima.
Wikipedia page: Hanseatic League (History)
Evidence:
section_header: History
text: Historians generally trace the origins of the Hanseatic League to the rebuilding of the north German town of Lübeck in 1159 by the powerful Henry the Lion, Duke of Saxony and Bavaria, after he had captured the area from Adolf II, Count of Schauenburg and  Holstein.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Gentleman's Agreement is a movie that was originally a book that was named Green's House.
Wikipedia page: Gentleman's Agreement (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Gentleman's Agreement is a 1947 American drama film based on Laura Z. Hobson's best-selling 1947 novel of the same name.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Gamal Abdel Nasser was the President of Egypt until his assassination in 1971.
Wikipedia page: Gamal Abdel Nasser (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Death and funeral
text: As the summit closed on 28 September 1970, hours after escorting the last Arab leader to leave, Nasser suffered a heart attack.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Garvey had health problems due to his asthma.
Wikipedia page: Marcus Garvey (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Personality and personal life
text: He suffered from asthma, and was prone to lung infections; throughout his adult life he was affected by bouts of pneumonia.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Fleetwood Mac has all of it's orginal memembers although the band did break up for a short time.
Wikipedia page: Fleetwood Mac (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: History | 1970–1974: Transitional era
text: In a late-night meeting after that show, the band told their sound engineer that the tour was over and Fleetwood Mac was splitting up.
section_header: Summary
text: By 1974, all three had either departed or been dismissed, leaving the band without a male lead vocalist or guitarist.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Susan Hayward was the last child from her parents
Wikipedia page: Susan Hayward (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: Susan Hayward was born Edythe Marrenner on June 30, 1917, in the Brooklyn borough of New York City, the youngest of three children to Ellen and Walter Marrenner.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Banks' first team was the Monarchs.
Wikipedia page: Ernie Banks (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: He began playing professional baseball in 1950 with the Kansas City Monarchs in the Negro leagues.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: In 1983, Apple was named Macintosh.
Wikipedia page: Apple Inc. (Technology)
Evidence:
section_header: History | 1984–1991: Success with Macintosh
text: In 1984, Apple launched the Macintosh, the first personal computer to be sold without a programming language.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Castle of Otranto was originally a play based on true life events.
Wikipedia page: The Castle of Otranto (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The Castle of Otranto is a book by Horace Walpole first published in 1764 and generally regarded as the first gothic novel.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Hector Berlioz was 65 years old when he passed away.
Wikipedia page: Hector Berlioz (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Louis-Hector Berlioz (11 December 1803 – 8 March 1869) was a French Romantic composer.
section_header: Summary
text: Berlioz died in Paris at the age of 65.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Newcastle united F.C. home games are at Wimbledon Field.
Wikipedia page: Newcastle United F.C. (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The team plays its home matches at St. James' Park.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The origin of Inter Milan's name was based on the idea to  welcome athletes from other countries.
Wikipedia page: Inter Milan (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: History | Foundation and early years
text: The name of the club derives from the wish of its founding members to accept foreign players without limits as well as Italians.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Early Wynn either enjoyed hurting people or legitimately thought it was a good strategy.
Wikipedia page: Early Wynn (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Toughness
text: "In fact, when Wynn was with the Indians, he actually threw a pitch at his own 15-year-old son, Joe.
section_header: Toughness
text: If you hit a ball good off of him, he'd knock you down and then challenge you.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: American baseball executive Allan Huber "Bud" Selig acquired a team in bankruptcy.
Wikipedia page: Bud Selig (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The franchise, originally known as the Seattle Pilots, was acquired by Selig in bankruptcy court in 1970, and renamed after the minor league team of the same name that he had watched in his youth and had existed until the arrival of the Braves in Milwaukee in 1953.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Hideki was not from a military family and had to work tirelessly to prove himself to get to his position of general which was uncommon in Japan at the time.
Wikipedia page: Hideki Tojo (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life and education
text: Hideki Tojo was born in the Kōjimachi district of Tokyo on December 30, 1884, as the third son of Hidenori Tojo, a lieutenant general in the Imperial Japanese Army.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Millard Fillmore was the final representative of the Whig party to become a U.S. president and also got denied their backing for a reelection campaign.
Wikipedia page: Millard Fillmore (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Millard Fillmore (January 7, 1800 – March 8, 1874) was the 13th president of the United States (1850–1853), the last to be a member of the Whig Party
section_header: Summary
text: He failed to win the Whig nomination for president in 1852, but he gained the endorsement of the nativist Know Nothing Party four years later, finishing third in the 1856 presidential election.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: William Hulbert was a founding member of the National League and loved baseball so much that he was cremated into one.
Wikipedia page: William Hulbert (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Biography
text: Hulbert is buried in Graceland Cemetery under a grave marker designed to look like a baseball.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Sirius is a star that is close to earth.
Wikipedia page: Sirius (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: At a distance of 2.64 parsecs (8.6 ly), the Sirius system is one of Earth's nearest neighbours.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Susan Sarandon has never starred with Kevin Costner in a movie.
Wikipedia page: Susan Sarandon (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Career
text: However, Sarandon did not become a "household name" until she appeared with Kevin Costner and Tim Robbins in the film Bull Durham (1988), a commercial and critical success.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Italian national soccer team has won 4 World Cups.
Wikipedia page: Italy national football team (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Italy is one of the most successful national teams in the history of the World Cup, having won four titles (1934, 1938, 1982, 2006) and appearing in two other finals (1970, 1994), reaching a third place (1990) and a fourth place (1978).
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Kenesaw Landis had roots from Germany.
Wikipedia page: Kenesaw Landis (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life and pre-judicial career (1866–1905) | Boyhood and early career (1866–1893)
text: The Landises descended from Swiss Mennonites who had emigrated to Alsace before coming to the United States.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The official name of the tower was originally the Clock Tower.
Wikipedia page: Big Ben (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The official name of the tower in which Big Ben is located was originally the Clock Tower; it was renamed Elizabeth Tower in 2012 to mark the Diamond Jubilee of Elizabeth II, Queen of the United Kingdom.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Born in Pâquis near Geneva, Sigismond Thalberg performed in Vienna, Geneva, Brussels, and Paris as a prodigy musician.
Wikipedia page: Sigismond Thalberg (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Early virtuoso career
text: Liszt had heard of Thalberg's successes during the winter 1835–36 in Geneva, in spring 1836 in Lyon, and in Paris.
section_header: Early life
text: After this, Thalberg performed regularly in Vienna.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The palace is in Portugal.
Wikipedia page: The Alhambra (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: lit. ' " The Red One"') is a palace and fortress complex located in Granada, Andalusia, Spain.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Tootsie is a romantic comedy film directed by Jackson Pollack and Jessica Lange was the only winner at the Academy Awards for her role in the movie.
Wikipedia page: Tootsie (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Tootsie is a 1982 American romantic comedy film directed by Sydney Pollack and starring Dustin Hoffman.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Pope provided his seal of approval for William's violent conquest of France.
Wikipedia page: William the Conqueror (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: His hold was secure on Normandy by 1060, following a long struggle to establish his throne, and he launched the Norman conquest of England six years later.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Debs ran for president of the United States five times under the libertarian party.
Wikipedia page: Eugene V. Debs (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Socialist leader | Incarceration
text: Debs ran for president in the 1920 election while in prison in Atlanta, Georgia, at the Atlanta Federal Penitentiary.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Bale admires actor Charlton Heston, often referring to him in interviews as the person who inspired him to begin acting.
Wikipedia page: Christian Bale (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: He attended Bournemouth School, but left at age 16.Bale studied the work of actor Gary Oldman, citing him as "the reason I'm acting".
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Scarlatti was a French author who wrote 6 novels.
Wikipedia page: Domenico Scarlatti (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Giuseppe Domenico Scarlatti (Naples, 26 October 1685 –  Madrid, 23 July 1757) was an Italian composer.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Jesse Burkett started playing professionally as a pitcher.
Wikipedia page: Jesse Burkett (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: Beginning his professional career as a pitcher, he won 27 games at the age of 19 in 1888 for the Scranton Miners of the Central League.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Tutankhamun was young when he was a pharaoh.
Wikipedia page: Tutankhamun (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Reign
text: Tutankhamun was between eight and nine years of age when he ascended the throne and became Pharaoh, taking the throne name Nebkheperure.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Elton John came out as bisexual before he came out as gay.
Wikipedia page: Elton John (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Personal life | Sexuality and family
text: I was living a lie. ”John had come out as bisexual in a 1976 interview with Rolling Stone, and in 1992 he told Rolling Stone in another interview that he was "quite comfortable about being gay".
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Aerosmith got its name from Arrowsmith novel
Wikipedia page: Aerosmith (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: History | Formation (1964–1971)
text: "A-E-R-O... "A-E-R-O... Aerosmith. " The band settled upon this name after also considering "the Hookers" and "Spike Jones.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Tommy Lasorda was the first coach to have a non-white player on his team in the MLB in 1948.
Wikipedia page: Tommy Lasorda (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Coaching career | Manager of the Dodgers
text: Lasorda became the Los Angeles Dodgers manager September 29, 1976, upon Alston's retirement.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Kanye West has songs that talk about his use of certain antidepressant medications.
Wikipedia page: Kanye West (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Personal life | Mental health
text: In his song "FML" and his featured verse on Vic Mensa's song "U Mad", he refers to using the antidepressant medication Lexapro, and in his song "I Feel Like That", which has not been officially released, he mentions feeling many common symptoms of depression and anxiety.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: American actress Meryl Streep has done stage acting.
Wikipedia page: Meryl Streep (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Her stage roles include The Public Theater's 2001 revival of The Seagull, and her television roles include two projects for HBO, the miniseries Angels in America (2003), for which she won another Emmy Award, and the drama series Big Little Lies (2019).
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Brando had a calm personal life and only had 2 serious relationships.
Wikipedia page: Marlon Brando (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Personal life
text: Brando was known for his tumultuous personal life and his large number of partners and children.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Girolamo Savonarola, an Italian friar, preached about France as the place where the Son of God would return as King.
Wikipedia page: Girolamo Savonarola (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Reformer
text: Based on such visions, Savonarola promoted theocracy, and declared Christ the king of Florence.
section_header: Summary
text: Declaring that Florence would be the New Jerusalem, the world centre of Christianity and "richer, more powerful, more glorious than ever", he instituted an extreme puritanical campaign, enlisting the active help of Florentine youth.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Anton Webern's father was a goverment employee.
Wikipedia page: Anton Webern (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Biography | Youth, education, and other early experiences in Austria-Hungary
text: He was the only surviving son of Carl von Webern, a civil servant, and Amalie (née Geer) who was a competent pianist and accomplished singer—possibly the only obvious source of the future composer's talent.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Dorr Rebellion was led by Thomas Wilson Dorr and was found guilty of treason.
Wikipedia page: Dorr Rebellion (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Dorr's fate
text: Dorr returned in 1843, was found guilty of treason against the state, and was sentenced in 1844 to solitary confinement and hard labor for life.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: There are always 3+ protons in every atom.
Wikipedia page: Proton (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: One or more protons are present in the nucleus of every atom; they are a necessary part of the nucleus.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Cherokee once thought having more than one wife was ok.
Wikipedia page: Cherokee (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Culture | Marriage
text: Before the 19th century, polygamy was common among the Cherokee, especially by elite men.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: One of the translators of the novel was killed.
Wikipedia page: The Satanic Verses (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Controversy | Violence, assassinations and attempted murders
text: Hitoshi Igarashi, his Japanese translator, was found stabbed to death by a cleaning lady 13 July 1991 on the college campus where he taught near Tokyo.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Erewhon is the name of a novel where the author thought people would pick up on that the name is nowhere written in reverse.
Wikipedia page: Erewhon (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Butler meant the title to be understood as the word "nowhere" backwards even though the letters "h" and "w" are transposed.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The 1987 film Moonstruck is about a widow and bookkeeper who becomes entranced with a mermaid who must turn into his true form at the full moon.
Wikipedia page: Moonstruck (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: It is about a widowed, 37-year-old, Italian-American woman who falls in love with her fiancé's estranged, hot-tempered younger brother.
section_header: Plot
text: Thirty-seven-year-old Loretta Castorini, an Italian-American widow, works as a bookkeeper and lives in Brooklyn Heights, New York, with her family: father Cosmo; mother Rose; and paternal grandfather.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: King Philip's War was a conflict between England and France.
Wikipedia page: King Philip's War (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: King Philip's War (sometimes called the First Indian War, Metacom's War, Metacomet's War, Pometacomet's Rebellion, or Metacom's Rebellion) was an armed conflict in 1675–1678 between indigenous inhabitants of New England and New England colonists and their indigenous allies.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: No Longer at Ease is a sequel to a previous work.
Wikipedia page: No Longer At Ease (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Themes
text: Though set several decades after "Things Fall Apart", "No Longer at Ease" continues many of the themes from Achebe's first novel.
section_header: Summary
text: The novel is the second work in what is sometimes referred to as the "African trilogy", following Things Fall Apart and preceding Arrow of God.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Jelly Roll Morton was a musician who thought he created a music genre.
Wikipedia page: Jelly Roll Morton (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Ferdinand Joseph LaMothe (October 20, 1890 – July 10, 1941), known professionally as Jelly Roll Morton, was an American ragtime and jazz pianist, bandleader, and composer.
section_header: Summary
text: Morton's claim to have invented jazz in 1902 was criticized.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Mass of items are generally calculated by kilograms.
Wikipedia page: Mass (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The basic SI unit of mass is the kilogram (kg).
section_header: Units of mass
text: The standard International System of Units (SI) unit of mass is the kilogram (kg).
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Southeast Asian country of the Philippines which consist of about 7,641 islands has its capital in Manila which is not it's most populous city.
Wikipedia page: Philippines (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Situated in the western Pacific Ocean, it consists of about 7,641 islands that are broadly categorized under three main geographical divisions from north to south: Luzon, Visayas and Mindanao.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The film Elizabeth about the early years of Queen Elizabeth I of England won the BAFTA.
Wikipedia page: Elizabeth (film) (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The film won the BAFTA Award for Outstanding British Film and received seven nominations at the 71st Academy Awards, including for Best Picture and Best Actress for Blanchett, winning Best Makeup.
section_header: Summary
text: The film is based on the early years of Elizabeth's reign, where she is elevated to the throne after the death of her half-sister Mary I, who had imprisoned her.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Absalom and Achitophel narrates a biblical event.
Wikipedia page: Absalom and Achitophel (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The poem tells the Biblical tale of the rebellion of Absalom against King David; in this context it is an allegory used to represent a story contemporary to Dryden, concerning King Charles II and the Exclusion Crisis (1679-1681).
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Barry Goldwater, a Democrat from California, has a collection of kachina dolls with over 437 items in the collection.
Wikipedia page: Barry Goldwater (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Political career
text: In a heavily Democratic state, Goldwater became a conservative Republican and a friend of Herbert Hoover.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The color pink has been described since ancient times but only started being used as a word in the 17th century.
Wikipedia page: Pink (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: It was first used as a color name in the late 17th century.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: A buddy of Georges Clemenceau purchased a condo for him to live in after her stopped working.
Wikipedia page: Georges Clemenceau (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Namesakes
text: James Douglas, Jr. bought an apartment in Paris for his friend Georges Clemenceau in 1926 to use as a retirement home.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Constantine the Great was born in modern day Serbia and became emperor of the Roman Empire in 324.
Wikipedia page: Constantine the Great (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: He emerged victorious in the civil wars against emperors Maxentius and Licinius to become sole ruler of the Roman Empire by 324.
section_header: Summary
text: Born in Dacia Ripensis (now Serbia), he was the son of Flavius Constantius, an Illyrian army officer who became one of the four emperors of the Tetrarchy.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Julian passed away from the first recorded case of cancer.
Wikipedia page: Julian (emperor) (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Life | Persian campaign | Death
text: On the third day a major hemorrhage occurred and the emperor died during the night.
section_header: Life | Persian campaign | Death
text: He received a wound from a spear that reportedly pierced the lower lobe of his liver, the peritoneum and intestines.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: World War l was from 1914 to 1919 and started because of the execution of Franz Ferdinand.
Wikipedia page: World War I (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: World War I (often abbreviated as WWI or WW1), also known as the First World War or the Great War, was a global war that lasted from 28 July 1914 to 11 November 1918.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Dean passed away in '74.
Wikipedia page: Dizzy Dean (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Jay Hanna "Dizzy" Dean (January 16, 1910 – July 17, 1974), also known as Jerome Herman Dean (both the 1910 and 1920 Censuses show his name as "Jay"), was an American professional baseball pitcher.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Viewing of Frozen by people who did not pay was provably less than any other Disney film released the same year.
Wikipedia page: Frozen (2013 film) (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Release | File sharing
text: According to copyright infringement-tracking site Excipio, Frozen was the second most pirated film of 2014, behind The Wolf of Wall Street, with over 29.9 million illegal downloads via torrent sites.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Cat on a Hot Tin Roof is a play by a man that is named after a state in the United States.
Wikipedia page: Cat on a Hot Tin Roof (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Cat on a Hot Tin Roof is a three-act play written by Tennessee Williams; an adaptation of his 1952 short story Three Players of a Summer Game; he wrote the play between 1953 and 1955.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Sylvia Path is the author of The Bell Jar and 3 other books about mental illness.
Wikipedia page: The Bell Jar (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The Bell Jar is the only novel written by the American writer and poet Sylvia Plath.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Daniel Day-Lewis is an American actor with dual American and Irish citizenship since 1993.
Wikipedia page: Daniel Day-Lewis (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Sir Daniel Michael Blake Day-Lewis (born 29 April 1957) is a retired English actor with dual British and Irish citizenship.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Lawrence of Arabia is a 1962 British epic historical drama film, and was voted the best British film of all time in a Sunday Telegraph poll of Britain's leading filmmakers.
Wikipedia page: Lawrence of Arabia (film) (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Lawrence of Arabia is a 1962 British epic historical drama film based on the life of T. E. Lawrence.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Frederick Douglass' came out from his mother's womb on Valentine's Day.
Wikipedia page: Frederick Douglass (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Life as a slave
text: Though the exact date of his birth is unknown, he later chose to celebrate the 14th of February as his birthday, remembering that his mother called him her “Little Valentine.”
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Charles I of England was a hearty and robust child, earning the nickname Charles the Mighty.
Wikipedia page: Charles I of England (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: James VI was the first cousin twice removed of Queen Elizabeth I of England, and when she died childless in March 1603, he became King of England as James I. Charles was a weak and sickly infant, and while his parents and older siblings left for England in April and early June that year, due to his fragile health, he remained in Scotland with his father's friend Lord Fyvie, appointed as his guardian.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Henry James was known for his austere sentence construction, with the novel The Golden Bowl serving as the epitome of the style he honed throughout his career as an author.
Wikipedia page: The Golden Bowl (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Literary significance and criticism
text: He describes James's style of expressing consciousness as "a system of clauses, sub-clauses, modifications, qualifications and in some cases ruminations", which anticipates the later styles of stream of consciousness writing by James Joyce and Virginia Woolf.
section_header: Literary significance and criticism
text: Although the narrative is very focused compared to his earlier works, with minimal characters, the writing is complex and elaborate.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Brouthers was referred to as "Big Dan" in MLB.
Wikipedia page: Dan Brouthers (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Nicknamed "Big Dan" for his size, he was 6 feet 2 inches (1.88 m) and weighed 207 pounds (94 kg), which was large by 19th-century standards.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Anne was inspired to begin her diary by a popular Dutch book series.
Wikipedia page: The Diary of Anne Frank (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Format
text: Anne's already budding literary ambitions were galvanized on 29 March 1944 when she heard a London radio broadcast made by the exiled Dutch Minister for Education, Art, and Science, Gerrit Bolkestein, calling for the preservation of "ordinary documents—a diary, letters ... simple everyday material" to create an archive for posterity as testimony to the suffering of civilians during the Nazi occupation.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: José Méndez's career as a pitcher ended after he subbed as a catcher and discovered he liked it.
Wikipedia page: José Méndez (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Injury and recovery: 1914–1928
text: In late 1914 Méndez developed arm trouble and cut back on his pitching, eventually stopping altogether.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Coming Home was awarded 3 Academy Awards.
Wikipedia page: Coming Home (1978 film) (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: At the 51st Academy Awards, it received eight nominations including for the Best Picture, winning three; Best Original Screenplay, with Voight and Fonda winning Best Actor and Best Actress respectively.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Candy came up with the concept of throwing a ball so that it did not go straight while flinging about sea bivalves as a  young man.
Wikipedia page: Candy Cummings (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: He later said that he thought of the idea of the curveball when fooling around with clam shells as a teenager in Ware.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Dracula is a 1897 book that has had many film and tv adaptations.
Wikipedia page: Dracula (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The novel has spawned numerous theatrical, film, and television interpretations.
section_header: Summary
text: Dracula is an 1897 Gothic horror novel by Irish author Bram Stoker.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Secret Life of Walter Mitty is the most famous story the author has written.
Wikipedia page: The Secret Life of Walter Mitty (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The most famous of Thurber's stories, it first appeared in The New Yorker on March 18, 1939, and was first collected in his book My World and Welcome to It (Harcourt, Brace and Company, 1942).
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: New Mexico and Texas both staunchly opposed the act, and the freeing of slaves in general.
Wikipedia page: Compromise of 1850 (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Issues | Texas
text: New Mexico had long prohibited slavery, a fact that affected the debate over its territorial status, but many New Mexican leaders opposed joining Texas primarily because Texas's capital lay hundreds of miles away and
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: An electric current can be measured by an inductor.
Wikipedia page: Electric current (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Current measurement
text: Current can be measured using an ammeter.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: One of Denzel's noteworthy roles was playing a medical administrator on a long-running television program.
Wikipedia page: Denzel Washington (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Career | Early work
text: A major career break came when Washington starred as Dr. Phillip Chandler in NBC's television hospital drama
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Harmon Killebrew played Major League Baseball and his home town school made it so that nobody could wear his football numeral.
Wikipedia page: Harmon Killebrew (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: Killebrew earned 12 letters in various sports and was named an All-American quarterback at Payette High School; his uniform number was later retired by the school.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Justin Timberlake has performed in movies.
Wikipedia page: Justin Timberlake (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: He held starring roles in the films
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Terms of Endearment was a 1980s movie that was about a mother's relationship with her daughter.
Wikipedia page: Terms of Endearment (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Terms of Endearment is a 1983 American comedy-drama film adapted from Larry McMurtry's 1975 novel, directed, written, and produced by James L. Brooks, and starring Shirley MacLaine, Debra Winger, Jack Nicholson, Danny DeVito, Jeff Daniels, and John Lithgow.
section_header: Summary
text: The film covers 30 years of the relationship between Aurora Greenway (MacLaine) and her daughter Emma (Winger).
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: I In 1857, President Buchanan ordered military infantry to invade one of the United States territories.
Wikipedia page: James Buchanan (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Presidency (1857–1861) | Utah War
text: Believing the Latter-day Saints to be in open rebellion, Buchanan in July 1857 sent Alfred Cumming, accompanied by the army, to replace Young as governor.
section_header: Presidency (1857–1861) | Utah War
text: In September 1857, the Utah Territorial Militia, associated with the Latter-day Saints, perpetrated the Mountain Meadows massacre against Arkansans headed for California.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Faerie Queene was never outlawed.
Wikipedia page: The Faerie Queene (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Themes | Symbolism and allusion
text: The Faerie Queene was then banned in Scotland.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Arc de Triomphe is one of the most famous monuments in Paris, France, and qualifies as the world's tallest arch with an overall height of 50 metres (164 ft).
Wikipedia page: Arc de Triomphe (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: It qualifies as the world's tallest arch.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Macbeth was first performed in 1610.
Wikipedia page: Macbeth (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Macbeth Macbeth (; full title The Tragedy of Macbeth) is a tragedy by William Shakespeare; it is thought to have been first performed in 1606.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Gateway of India is one of the most popular monuments in Bombay.
Wikipedia page: Gateway of India (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Tourism and development
text: The gateway is amongst the prime tourist attractions in Mumbai.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Aristotle was a Greek philosopher and polymath during the Classical period in Ancient Greece whose life was well documented and supported.
Wikipedia page: Aristotle (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Life
text: In general, the details of Aristotle's life are not well-established.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Carew was born in Panama.
Wikipedia page: Rod Carew (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Rodney Cline Carew (born October 1, 1945) is a Panamanian former Major League Baseball (MLB) first baseman, second baseman and coach who played from 1967 to 1985 for the Minnesota Twins and the California Angels.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: American baseball player Catfish Hunter was named for a story of how he survived after he got lost in the woods.
Wikipedia page: Catfish Hunter (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Professional career | Kansas City/Oakland Athletics
text: A story circulated that Hunter's family gave him the nickname as a child when he went missing and was later found with a string of catfish; there is no truth to that explanation.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The entertainer, Madonna's mother is French-Canadian.
Wikipedia page: Madonna (entertainer) (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Life and career | 1958–1981: Early life and career beginnings
text: Her father's parents were Italian emigrants from Pacentro, while her mother was of French-Canadian descent.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Jon Voight's daughter is Angelina Jolie and was awarded the Medal of Honor in 2019.
Wikipedia page: Jon Voight (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: On November 21, 2019, he was awarded the National Medal of Arts by President Donald Trump.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Karen Sparck Jones went to school in the 1950s in England.
Wikipedia page: Karen Sparck Jones (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: Spärck Jones was educated at a grammar school in Huddersfield and then from 1953 to 1956 at Girton College, Cambridge, studying history, with an additional final year in Moral Sciences (philosophy).
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Brothers Karamazov was printed months after the authors passing and is based on his life.
Wikipedia page: The Brothers Karamazov (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The Brothers Karamazov (Russian: Бра́тья Карама́зовы, Brat'ya Karamazovy, pronounced [ˈbratʲjə kərɐˈmazəvɨ]), also translated as The Karamazov Brothers, is the final novel by Russian author Fyodor Dostoevsky.
section_header: Summary
text: Dostoevsky died less than four months after its publication.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Barney Dreyfuss hated baseball.
Wikipedia page: Barney Dreyfuss (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Louisville Colonels
text: Dreyfuss enjoyed the game of baseball.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Phil Knight's assets are more than 30 billion.
Wikipedia page: Phil Knight (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: As of October 2019, Knight was ranked by Forbes as the 21st richest person in the world, with an estimated net worth of US$37.6 billion.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Charlie Chaplin was a silent screen actor but had a speaking role that was award winning.
Wikipedia page: Charlie Chaplin (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Sir Charles Spencer Chaplin  (16 April 1889 – 25 December 1977) was an English comic actor, filmmaker, and composer who rose to fame in the era of silent film.
section_header: Biography | 1939–1952: Controversies and fading popularity | The Great Dictator
text: The Great Dictator received five Academy Award nominations, including Best Picture, Best Original Screenplay and Best Actor.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Panasonic is currently sponsoring the MLS.
Wikipedia page: Panasonic (Technology)
Evidence:
section_header: Sponsorships | Football
text: Panasonic is an official partner and sponsor of AFC Champions League and Major League Soccer.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Hadrian's Wall is well guarded.
Wikipedia page: Hadrian's Wall (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: After Hadrian | Tourism
text: Although Hadrian's Wall was declared a World Heritage Site in 1987, it remains unguarded, enabling visitors to climb and stand on the wall, although this is not encouraged, as it could damage the historic structure.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Bulgaria's biggest town is Denia while the head of government is in Sofia.
Wikipedia page: Bulgaria (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The capital and largest city is Sofia; other major cities are Plovdiv, Varna and Burgas.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Kanye West began demonstrating an affinity for the arts at an early age and began writing poetry when he was five years old.
Wikipedia page: Kanye West (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: And I'm not even frontin'. "West demonstrated an affinity for the arts at an early age; he began writing poetry when he was five years old.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Jane Fonda, an American actress and activist, has never been arrested.
Wikipedia page: Jane Fonda (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Political activism | Opposition to the Vietnam War | 1970 arrest
text: Fonda's mugshot from the arrest, in which she raises her fist in a sign of solidarity, has since become a widely published image of the actress.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The event has not been a subject artists have used in their work.
Wikipedia page: Prague Spring (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Aftermath | Cultural impact
text: "The Prague Spring is featured in several works of literature.
section_header: Aftermath | Cultural impact
text: The event has been referenced in popular music, including the music of Karel Kryl, Luboš Fišer's Requiem, and Karel Husa's Music for Prague 1968.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Pius IX is the second longest serving pope in Roman history.
Wikipedia page: Pope Pius IX (NOCAT)
Evidence:
section_header: Legacy
text: Pius IX celebrated his silver jubilee in 1871, going on to have the longest reign in the history of the post-apostolic papacy, 31 years, 7 months, and 23 days.
section_header: Last years and death
text: Pope Pius IX died on 7 February 1878, aged 85, concluding the longest pontificate in papal history, after that of Saint Peter, whom tradition holds had reigned for 37 years.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The one in the US is taller, and cleaner.
Wikipedia page: Eiffel Tower (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Replicas
text: There are various scale models of the tower in the United States, including a half-scale version at the Paris Las Vegas, Nevada, one in Paris, Texas built in 1993, and two 1:3 scale models at Kings Island, Ohio, and Kings Dominion, Virginia, amusement parks opened in 1972 and 1975 respectively.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: In a late 2019 protest, climate activists caused chaos by piloting remote controlled vehicles into Heathrow's airspace.
Wikipedia page: Heathrow Airport (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Incidents and accidents | Other incidents
text: From 12 September 2019, the climate change campaign group, Heathrow Pause attempted to disrupt flights into and out of Heathrow Airport in London by flying drones in the airport's exclusion zone.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Empire State Building was the first structure to have 115 floors thus becoming an iconic building in both New York and the United States.
Wikipedia page: Empire State Building (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: History | Opening and early years
text: As the tallest building in the world, at that time, and the first one to exceed 100 floors, the Empire State Building became an icon of the city and, ultimately, of the nation.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Britney Spears was dubbed the queen of pop.
Wikipedia page: Britney Spears (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Legacy
text: Referred to as the "Princess of Pop", Spears was credited as one of the "driving force[s] behind the return of teen pop in the late 1990s".
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Second Bank of the United States was the second federally authorized Hamiltonian national bank in the United States during its 20-year charter until the bank's closing in 1851.
Wikipedia page: Second Bank of the United States (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Architecture | Current building use
text: Since the bank's closing in 1841, the edifice has performed a variety of functions.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Electronegativity does not define the tendency of a fragment.
Wikipedia page: Electronegativity (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Electronegativity, symbol χ, is a concept that describes the tendency of an atom to attract a shared pair of electrons (or electron density) towards itself.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Despite what it may seem, Catfish Hunter never spent days tirelessly dogging those who projected themselves to be something they were not in online discourse.
Wikipedia page: Catfish Hunter (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: James Augustus Hunter (April 8, 1946 – September 9, 1999), nicknamed "Catfish", was a professional baseball player in Major League Baseball (MLB).
section_header: Summary
text: He was a member of five World Series championship teams.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Leonardo DiCaprio was born on Veteran's Day and called Leonardo after his Uncle Leonardo who died while in the military.
Wikipedia page: Leonardo DiCaprio (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life and acting background
text: Leonardo Wilhelm DiCaprio was born on November 11, 1974 in Los Angeles, California, the only child of Irmelin (née Indenbirken), a legal secretary, and George DiCaprio, an underground comix writer, publisher, and distributor of comic books.
section_header: Early life and acting background
text: DiCaprio was named Leonardo because his pregnant mother was looking at a Leonardo da Vinci painting in the Uffizi museum in Florence, Italy, when he first kicked.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Demise is one of the sweeping themes of the story.
Wikipedia page: Charlotte's Web (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Themes | Death
text: Death is a major theme seen throughout Charlotte's Web and is brought forth by that of the spider, Charlotte's web.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Bud Selig played baseball professionally for the Milwaukee Brewers.
Wikipedia page: Bud Selig (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Allan Huber "Bud" Selig (; born July 30, 1934) is an American baseball executive who currently serves as the Commissioner Emeritus of Baseball.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: JFK was directed by Zachary Sklar.
Wikipedia page: JFK (film) (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: JFK is a 1991 American political thriller film directed by Oliver Stone.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Robinson is only one of two players to ever become MVP in both MLB leagues.
Wikipedia page: Frank Robinson (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The only player to be named Most Valuable Player (MVP) of both the National League (NL) and the American League (AL), he was named the NL MVP after leading the Cincinnati Reds to the pennant in 1961 and was named the AL MVP in 1966 with the Baltimore Orioles after winning the Triple Crown; Robinson's 49 home runs (HR) that year tied for the most by any AL player between 1962 and 1989, and stood as a franchise record for 30 years.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: In 1989, the city of Boston named a part of the city after him.
Wikipedia page: Mahatma Gandhi (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Legacy and depictions in popular culture | Followers and international influence
text: The Mahatma Gandhi District in Houston, Texas, United States, an ethnic Indian enclave, is officially named after Gandhi.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The U.K made up of 4 countries including Ireland and Wales.
Wikipedia page: United Kingdom (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The United Kingdom consists of four countries: England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland.
Verdict: REFUTES