tasksource/fool-me-twice huggingface dataset:
Claim: Rikers Island () is a 413.17-acre (167.20-hectare) island in the East River between Queens and the Bronx that is home to New York City's main jail complex, but in October 2019, the New York City Council announced to close down the facility by 2026.
Wikipedia page: Rikers Island prison (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: In October 2019, the New York City Council voted to close down the facility by 2026.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Rickey Henderson had a disappointing season with the Oakland A's after he was injured by a wayward pitch.
Wikipedia page: Rickey Henderson (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Major leagues | Toronto Blue Jays (1993)
text: He performed disappointingly for the Jays, hitting only .215 in 44 games, which was probably due to the fact that he fractured a bone on his hand early on with the team, after being hit by a pitch, although he still contributed 22 stolen bases and 37 runs scored.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Religious persons live in an abbey.
Wikipedia page: Abbey (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Religious life in an abbey may be monastic.
section_header: Summary
text: An abbey is a type of monastery used by members of a religious order under the governance of an abbot or abbess.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Clarence Darrow, a criminal lawyer, did not align with any religion.
Wikipedia page: Clarence Darrow (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Religious beliefs | "Why I Am An Agnostic"
text: "Why I Am An Agnostic", on agnosticism, skepticism, belief, and religion.
section_header: Religious beliefs | "Why I Am An Agnostic"
text: As part of a public symposium on belief held in Columbus, Ohio, Darrow delivered a speech, later titled
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Inca Empire, the largest empire in the New World, was ended by the Spanish in 1572.
Wikipedia page: Inca Empire (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Its last stronghold was conquered by the Spanish in 1572.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Citizen Kane is a 1941 American drama film particularly praised for Gregg Toland's cinematography, Bernard Herrmann's editing, Robert Wise's music, and was even selected by the Library of Congress as an inductee of the 1989 inaugural group of 25 films for preservation in the United States National Film Registry for being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant".
Wikipedia page: Citizen Kane (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Citizen Kane is particularly praised for Gregg Toland's cinematography, Robert Wise's editing, Bernard Herrmann's music, and its narrative structure, all of which have been considered innovative and precedent-setting.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Flowering plants have cones.
Wikipedia page: Flowering plant (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Like gymnosperms, angiosperms are seed-producing plants.
section_header: Summary
text: Etymologically, angiosperm means a plant that produces seeds within an enclosure; in other words, a fruiting plant.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Drake's real name is Audrey Graham.
Wikipedia page: Drake (musician) (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: Aubrey Drake Graham was born on October 24, 1986 in Toronto, Ontario.
section_header: Summary
text: Aubrey Drake Graham (born October 24, 1986) is a Canadian rapper, singer, songwriter, record producer, actor, and entrepreneur.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Duke Ellington earned his nickname because the neighborhood children though he seemed royal.
Wikipedia page: Duke Ellington (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life and education
text: His childhood friends noticed that his casual, offhand manner and dapper dress gave him the bearing of a young nobleman, so they began calling him "Duke".
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The wall has recently been repaired by workers that the government mandated use all traditional methods of stonework during the process.
Wikipedia page: Great Wall of China (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Condition
text: In 2014 a portion of the wall near the border of Liaoning and Hebei province was repaired with concrete.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Parthian Empire had a well established militia.
Wikipedia page: Parthian Empire (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Government and administration | Military
text: The Parthian Empire had no standing army, yet were able to quickly recruit troops in the event of local crises.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Billy was referred to as "The Boy Umpire" in MLB.
Wikipedia page: Billy Evans (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: William George Evans (February 10, 1884 – January 23, 1956), nicknamed "The Boy Umpire", was an American umpire in Major League Baseball who worked in the American League from 1906 to 1927.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: A Shropshire Lad is a book of three stories about a young boy's life in Shropshire.
Wikipedia page: A Shropshire Lad (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: A Shropshire Lad is a collection of sixty-three poems by the English poet Alfred Edward Housman, published in 1896.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Suleiman the First was the ninth and shortest-reigning Sultan of the Mesopotamia Empire.
Wikipedia page: Suleiman the Magnificent (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: ; "Suleiman the Lawgiver") in his realm, was the tenth and longest-reigning Sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1520 until his death in 1566.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Death in Venice was 1st published with the title Tadeusz in Venice.
Wikipedia page: Death in Venice (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Death in Venice  is a novella written by the German author Thomas Mann and was first published in 1912 as Der Tod in Venedig.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Mystery of Edwin Drood is the second last book written by the author.
Wikipedia page: The Mystery of Edwin Drood (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The Mystery of Edwin Drood is the final novel by Charles Dickens, originally published in 1870.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Battle of Zama was won by Scipio resulting in the beginning of the Punic War.
Wikipedia page: Battle of Zama (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: A Roman army led by Publius Cornelius Scipio, with crucial support from Numidian leader Masinissa, defeated the Carthaginian army led by Hannibal.
section_header: Aftermath
text: Soon after Scipio's victory at Zama the war ended, with the Carthaginian senate suing for peace.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Terms of Endearment is a 1983 American comedy-drama film about the main character and her divorce terms while living at a university.
Wikipedia page: Terms of Endearment (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Production
text: Many scenes were filmed on, or near, the campus of the University of Nebraska-Lincoln.
section_header: Plot
text: Widowed Aurora Greenway (Shirley MacLaine) keeps several suitors at arm's length in Houston, focusing instead on her close, but controlling, relationship with daughter Emma (Debra Winger).
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Battle of Trafalgar was fought between several Army land forces.
Wikipedia page: Battle of Trafalgar (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The Battle of Trafalgar (21 October 1805) was a naval engagement fought by the British Royal Navy against the combined fleets of the French and Spanish Navies during the War of the Third Coalition (August–December 1805) of the Napoleonic Wars (
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Cardinal Mazarin was Duke of Mayenne and chief minster to Henry the Vlll.
Wikipedia page: Cardinal Mazarin (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Cardinal Jules Mazarin (, also UK: , US: , French: [ʒyl mazaʁɛ̃]; 14 July 1602  – 9 March 1661), born Giulio Raimondo Mazzarino (Italian: [ˈdʒuːljo raiˈmondo madːzaˈriːno]) or Mazarini, was an Italian cardinal, diplomat and politician who served as the chief minister to the kings of France Louis XIII and Louis XIV from 1642 until his death in 1661.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Chuck Klein was a member of the Chicago Cubs professional baseball team for 7 years.
Wikipedia page: Chuck Klein (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Charles Herbert Klein (October 7, 1904 – March 28, 1958), nicknamed the "Hoosier Hammer",  was an American professional baseball outfielder.
section_header: Summary
text: Klein played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Philadelphia Phillies (1928–1933, 1936–1939, 1940–1944), Chicago Cubs (1934–1936), and Pittsburgh Pirates (1939).
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The family of Hank Greenberg's wife owned a business that sold clothing.
Wikipedia page: Hank Greenberg (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Personal life
text: Greenberg married Caral Gimbel (daughter of Bernard Gimbel of the Gimbel's New York department store family) on February 18, 1946, three days after signing a $60,000 ($787,000 today) contract with the Tigers.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Oedipa looks for solutions from a physic machine in the novel The Crying of Lot 49 (1965)
Wikipedia page: The Crying of Lot 49 (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Plot
text: She seeks answers through a machine claimed to have psychic abilities, but the experience is awkward and unsuccessful.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Tris Speaker was also called "The Black Eagle".
Wikipedia page: Tris Speaker (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Tristram Edgar Speaker (April 4, 1888 – December 8, 1958), nicknamed "The Gray Eagle", was an American professional baseball player.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Pope Leo I has been canonized as a saint.
Wikipedia page: Pope Leo I (NOCAT)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Pope Leo I (c. 400 – 10 November 461), also known as Saint Leo the Great, was Bishop of Rome from 29 September 440 and died in 461.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: In the tragic play The Persians, one of the characters likens grieving to drowning.
Wikipedia page: The Persians (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: " Xerxes finally arrives, dressed in torn robes ("grief swarms," the Queen says just before his arrival, "but worst of all it stings / to hear how my son, my prince, / wears tatters, rags" (845–849)) and reeling from his crushing defeat.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: This book was lauded when it came out as it was on the heels of a sexual revolution in Britain.
Wikipedia page: Tess of the d'Urbervilles (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Though now considered a major 19th-century English novel, even Hardy's fictional masterpiece, Tess of the d'Urbervilles received mixed reviews when it first appeared, in part because it challenged the sexual morals of late Victorian England.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Pope Urban II had a noble lineage.
Wikipedia page: Pope Urban II (NOCAT)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Odo was a native of France. He was a descendant of a noble family in Châtillon-sur-Marne.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Works and Days was a poem about being a philosopher in Greece while the Algerian Wars were being fought.
Wikipedia page: Works and Days (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: At its center, the Works and Days is a farmer's almanac in which Hesiod instructs his brother Perses in the agricultural arts.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Donna Summer's dad owned a pawn shop.
Wikipedia page: Donna Summer (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: Her father was a butcher, and her mother was a schoolteacher.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Anita Borg's goal was to have 40% representation of women in computing by 2020.
Wikipedia page: Anita Borg (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Career | Advocacy for technical women
text: Her goal was to have 50% representation for women in computing by 2020.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Abbasid Caliphate was a caliphate in the fifth and sixth century.
Wikipedia page: Abbasid Caliphate (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The Abbasid Caliphate ( or  Arabic: اَلْخِلَافَةُ ٱلْعَبَّاسِيَّةُ‎, al-Khilāfah al-ʿAbbāsīyah) was the third caliphate to succeed the Islamic prophet Muhammad.
section_header: Summary
text: It was founded by a dynasty descended from Muhammad's uncle, Abbas ibn Abdul-Muttalib (566–653 CE), from whom the dynasty takes its name.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: American rapper Flo Rida a.k.a. Tramar Lacel Dillard got his start as a hype man for another rapper.
Wikipedia page: Flo Rida (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Life and career | 1979–2006: Early life and career beginnings
text: "While performing, Fresh Kid Ice of 2 Live Crew took notice and asked him to be his hype man, and shortly after he took him for a show in Hawaii.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Zora Neale Hurston wrote more than 50 short stories, plays and essays.
Wikipedia page: Zora Neale Hurston (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: She also wrote more than 50 short stories, plays, and essays.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Some Like It Hot is a movie from the 1950s..
Wikipedia page: Some Like It Hot (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Some Like It Hot is a 1959 American black-and-white romantic comedy film directed and produced by Billy Wilder, starring Marilyn Monroe, Tony Curtis, and Jack Lemmon.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: President Harding grew up in a small town in rural Ohio.
Wikipedia page: Warren G. Harding (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Harding lived in rural Ohio all his life, except when political service took him elsewhere.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The 1948 novel The Naked and the Dead was a popular novel written about World War II and it was adapted into a film in 1958.
Wikipedia page: The Naked and the Dead (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: It became the first popular novel about World War II and is considered one of the greatest English-language novels.
section_header: Summary
text: The Naked and the Dead is the debut novel by Norman Mailer, published in 1948 by Rinehart & Company.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Tom Seaver's attempted negotiation of a salary increase from the Atlanta Braves resulted in him being dropped by the team.
Wikipedia page: Tom Seaver (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: When Seaver asked for $70,000, however, the Dodgers passed.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Mosque was also called Bascilia of Hagia Sophia.
Wikipedia page: Hagia Sophia (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Holy Wisdom'), officially the Hagia Sophia Grand Mosque (Turkish: Ayasofya-i Kebir Camii Şerifi) and formerly the Church of Hagia Sophia, is a Late Antique place of worship in Istanbul.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Newcastle United Football Club are a top tear team in the English Premier League.
Wikipedia page: Newcastle United F.C. (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The club has been a member of the Premier League for all but three years of the competition's history, spending 88 seasons in the top flight as of July 2020, and have never dropped below English football's second tier since joining the Football League in 1893.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Van Halen joined the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2002.
Wikipedia page: Van Halen (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The band was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2007.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Glaciers maintain stable temperatures throughout most of the year and are thought to be hearty again global warming in the future.
Wikipedia page: Glacier (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Since glacial mass is affected by long-term climatic changes, e.g., precipitation, mean temperature, and cloud cover, glacial mass changes are considered among the most sensitive indicators of climate change and are a major source of variations in sea level.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Willie was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame.
Wikipedia page: Willie Keeler (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Professional baseball career
text: Keeler was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1939.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Lindbergh's mom and dad divorced when he was 7.
Wikipedia page: Charles Lindbergh (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Rise to fame | Early childhood
text: Charles' parents separated in 1909 when he was seven.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: James Naismith is a Canadian National.
Wikipedia page: James Naismith (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Early years
text: Naismith was born on November 6, 1861, in Almonte, Canada West (now part of Mississippi Mills, Ontario, Canada) to Scottish immigrants.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: In the poem, John learns to love again after being rejected by Priscilla.
Wikipedia page: The Courtship of Miles Standish (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Fictionalized History
text: Longfellow was a descendant of John Alden and Priscilla Mullins through his mother Zilpah Wadsworth and he claimed that he was relating oral history.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Harmon Killebrew was called "The Killer" and was a great batter in the Majors.
Wikipedia page: Harmon Killebrew (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Harmon Clayton Killebrew Jr. (; June 29, 1936 – May 17, 2011), nicknamed ’The Killer’ and ’Hammerin' Harmon’, was an American professional baseball first baseman, third baseman, and left fielder.
section_header: Summary
text: During his 22-year career in Major League Baseball (MLB), primarily with the Minnesota Twins, Killebrew was a prolific power hitter who, at the time of his retirement, had the fourth-most home runs in major league history.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Darius the l was a king of the Achaemenid Empire and ruled that empire while at its peak.
Wikipedia page: Darius I (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Modern: Darəyaveš, Tiberian: Dārǝyāweš; c. 550–486 BCE), commonly known as Darius the Great, was the third Persian King of Kings of the Achaemenid Empire, reigning from 522 BCE until his death in 486 BCE.
section_header: Summary
text: He ruled the empire at its peak, when it included much of West Asia, parts of the Caucasus, parts of the Balkans (Thrace-Macedonia, and Paeonia), most of the Black Sea coastal regions, Central Asia, as far as the Indus Valley in the far east and portions of north and northeast Africa including Egypt (Mudrâya), eastern Libya, and coastal Sudan.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Atlas Shrugged is a 1957 novel with inspiration from the author's life as a scholar observing her campus surroundings in Russia, romanticizing moving to the United States.
Wikipedia page: Atlas Shrugged (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: History | Early novel idea in Russia
text: Rand biographer Anne Heller traces the ideas which would go into Atlas Shrugged all the way back to a novel which the young Rand had in mind when a student at the University of Petrograd, long before she came to America.
section_header: History | Early novel idea in Russia
text: The main difference from Atlas Shrugged as written many years later was that while in Russia, Rand idealized America as a capitalist paradise and did not realize that it might have its own home-grown communists and socialists; therefore, talented people did not need to withdraw to an isolated valley, but could just cross the Atlantic.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Fahrenheit 451 is an American novel by Robert Alan talking about a society in which books are outlawed
Wikipedia page: Fahrenheit 451 (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Adaptations | Television
text: Playhouse 90 broadcast "A Sound of Different Drummers" on CBS in 1957, written by Robert Alan Aurthur.
section_header: Summary
text: Fahrenheit 451 is a dystopian novel by American writer Ray Bradbury, first published in 1953.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Citizen Kane was an unimportant movie with no lasting legacy.
Wikipedia page: Citizen Kane (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Legacy | Influence
text: Citizen Kane has been called the most influential film of all time.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Ozymandias was written by Horace Smith because of a friendly contest between him and his good friend Percy Shelley who was an English Romantic poet.
Wikipedia page: Ozymandias (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Shelley wrote the poem in friendly competition with his friend and fellow poet Horace Smith (1779–1849), who also wrote a sonnet on the same topic with the same title.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Whom the Bell Tolls was written in three different cities.
Wikipedia page: For Whom the Bell Tolls (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Background
text: Ernest Hemingway wrote For Whom the Bell Tolls in Havana, Cuba; Key West, Florida; and Sun Valley, Idaho, in 1939.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Hooper assisted the MLB by playing from 1909-1925.
Wikipedia page: Harry Hooper (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: He played for major league teams between 1909 and 1925, spending most of that time with the Boston Red Sox and finishing his career with the Chicago White Sox.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: After Erie Canal's construction in 1825, it was the longest canal in the world.
Wikipedia page: Erie Canal (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: When completed in 1825, it was the second longest canal in the world (after the Grand Canal in China) and greatly enhanced the development and economy of New York, New York City, and the United States.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The eastern part of the canal was enlarged to become part of the New York State Barge Canal.
Wikipedia page: Erie Canal (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: In 1918, the western part of the canal was enlarged to become part of the New York State Barge Canal, which also extended to the Hudson River running parallel to the eastern half of the Erie Canal.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: All portions of the Wall are preserved and have been renovated.
Wikipedia page: Great Wall of China (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Condition
text: While portions north of Beijing and near tourist centers have been preserved and even extensively renovated, in many other locations the Wall is in disrepair.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Its design is derived from the Islamic architecture of the region such as in the great mosque of Samarra.
Wikipedia page: Burj Khalifa (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The design is derived from the Islamic architecture of the region, such as in the Great Mosque of Samarra.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Charles de Gaulle was the President of France and rewrote the Constitution of France.
Wikipedia page: Charles de Gaulle (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: He was elected President of France later that year, a position to which he was reelected in 1965 and held until his resignation in 1969.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Shafi Goldwasser received her PhD from Berkeley.
Wikipedia page: Shafi Goldwasser (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Biography
text: Born in 1958 in New York City, Goldwasser obtained her B.S. (1979) in mathematics and  science from Carnegie Mellon University, and M.S. (1981) and PhD (1984) in computer science from the University of California, Berkeley under the supervision of Manuel Blum, who is well known for advising some of the most prominent researchers in the field.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Nirvana is not used in Indian religion.
Wikipedia page: Nirvana (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Origins
text: Nirvāṇa is a term found in the texts of all major Indian religions – Buddhism, Hinduism, Jainism and Sikhism.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Rime of the Ancient Mariner is a short story about a fisherman in the Gulf of Mexico.
Wikipedia page: The Rime of the Ancient Mariner (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The Rime of the Ancient Mariner (originally The Rime of the Ancyent Marinere) is the longest major poem by the English poet Samuel Taylor Coleridge, written in 1797–98 and published in 1798 in the first edition of Lyrical Ballads.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: West Ham United F.C. was not originally in a Western League, nor has West Ham their original name.
Wikipedia page: West Ham United F.C. (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: History | Origins
text: Following growing disputes over the running and financing of the club, in June 1900 Thames Ironworks F.C. was disbanded, then almost immediately relaunched on 5 July 1900 as West Ham United F.C. with Syd King as their manager and future manager Charlie Paynter as his assistant.
section_header: History | Origins
text: They turned professional in 1898 upon entering the Southern League Second Division, and were promoted to the First Division at the first attempt.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The novel The Call of the Wild is about a dog.
Wikipedia page: The Call of the Wild (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The central character of the novel is a dog named Buck.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Ancient Carthage is located in a mountainous region of Northern Africa.
Wikipedia page: Carthage (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Topography, Layout, and Society | Overview
text: Carthage was built on a promontory with sea inlets to the north and the south.
section_header: Topography, Layout, and Society | Overview
text: The city's location made it master of the Mediterranean's maritime trade.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Mahatma Gandhi died on 30 January 1948  surrounded by family.
Wikipedia page: Mahatma Gandhi (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Biography | Death
text: At 5:17 pm on 30 January 1948, Gandhi was with his grandnieces in the garden of Birla House (now Gandhi Smriti), on his way to address a prayer meeting, when Nathuram Godse, a Hindu nationalist, fired three bullets into his chest from a pistol at close range.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Death in Venice is about a boy who sees a man floundering in the Adriatic Sea but does nothing to save him.
Wikipedia page: Death in Venice (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The work presents a great writer suffering writer's block who visits Venice and is liberated, uplifted, and then increasingly obsessed, by the sight of a stunningly beautiful youth.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The only verified original sled prop from Citizen Kane was sold at a price of over a hundred thousand dollars.
Wikipedia page: Citizen Kane (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Legacy | Film memorabilia
text: In 1982, film director Steven Spielberg bought a "Rosebud" sled for $60,500; it was one of three balsa sleds used in the closing scenes and the only one that was not burned.
section_header: Legacy | Film memorabilia
text: After the Spielberg purchase, it was reported that retiree Arthur Bauer claimed to own another "Rosebud" sled.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Gynt was adapted to screen after 1914.
Wikipedia page: Peer Gynt (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Adaptations | Films
text: There have been a number of film adaptations including:  Peer Gynt (1915 film), an American film directed by Oscar Apfel and Raoul Walsh Peer Gynt (1918 film), a German film directed by Richard Oswald Peer Gynt (1934 film), a German film directed by Fritz Wendhausen Peer Gynt (1941 film), notable for being the film debut of Charlton Heston
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Piano had the second woman film producer to get the prize of the Palme d'Or.
Wikipedia page: The Piano (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: In 1993, the film won the Palme d'Or at the Cannes Film Festival, making Jane Campion the first and only female director to ever receive this award.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Larry Walker had 3 brothers.
Wikipedia page: Larry Walker (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life and amateur career
text: Larry, Jr., was the youngest of four boys, Barry, Carey and Gary.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The word county comes from an old Italian word.
Wikipedia page: County (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The term is derived from the Old French conté or cunté denoting a jurisdiction under the sovereignty of a count (earl) or a viscount.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Bruce Sutter was a professional MLB pitcher who had four older siblings.
Wikipedia page: Bruce Sutter (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: Bruce was the fifth child of six.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: In 2002, Al acted alongside Billy Bob Thornton in Brad Pitt's film premiere.
Wikipedia page: Al Pacino (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Stage career
text: Directed by Simon McBurney, the production starred a host of Hollywood names, including John Goodman, Charles Durning, Tony Randall, Steve Buscemi, Chazz Palminteri, Paul Giamatti, Jacqueline McKenzie, Billy Crudupp, Lothaire Bluteau, Dominic Chianese and Sterling K. Brown.
section_header: Film career | 2000s
text: Pacino played a supporting role in Steven Soderbergh's Ocean's Thirteen, alongside George Clooney, Brad Pitt, Matt Damon, Elliott Gould and Andy García, as the villain Willy Bank, a casino tycoon targeted by Danny Ocean and his crew.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Robert De Niro has never been accused of being a pimp, or pimp adjacent.
Wikipedia page: Robert De Niro (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Legal issues
text: In February 1998, De Niro was held for questioning by French police in connection with an international prostitution ring.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: McGraw has released 12 studio albums.
Wikipedia page: Tim McGraw (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Music career | 2000s | Southern Voice
text: McGraw's twelfth studio album, Southern Voice, was released October 20, 2009, and led by the single
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: There was a casualty during the filming of season eight.
Wikipedia page: The Walking Dead (TV series) (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Lawsuits | Stuntman death
text: Fear the Walking Dead. During filming of season 8 in July 2017, stuntman John Bernecker was performing a 21-foot drop but ended up missing padded cushions and instead fell onto the concrete floor, sustaining a serious head injury.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Ed Sheeran, a famous British award-winning singer, enjoys working on his family farm in Suffolk, with his cousin, Matthew, from Hebden.
Wikipedia page: Ed Sheeran (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Personal life
text: In early 2011, after securing recording and publishing deals, Sheeran purchased and renovated a farm near Framlingham, Suffolk, where he was raised.
section_header: Early life
text: He has an older brother named Matthew, who works as a composer.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Jack Nicholson is an actor with more than sixty years of success in the film industry but has very few family members.
Wikipedia page: Jack Nicholson (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Personal life | Relationships and children
text: They had two children together: daughter Lorraine Nicholson (born April 16, 1990 - named after his aunt), and son Raymond (born February 20, 1992).For over a year, from 1999 to 2000, Nicholson dated actress Lara Flynn Boyle; they later reunited, before splitting permanently in 2004.Nicholson has stated that children "give your life a resonance that it can't have without them ... As a father, I'm there all the time.
section_header: Summary
text: His most known and celebrated films include the road drama Easy Rider (1969); the dramas Five Easy Pieces (1970) and One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest (1975); the comedy-dramas Carnal Knowledge (1971),  The Last Detail (1973), Terms of Endearment (1983), Prizzi's Honor (1985), As Good as It Gets (1997), and About Schmidt (2002); the neo-noir mystery Chinatown (1974); the horror film
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: John Marshall is not the creator of Marshall amplifiers but was a member of the Judicial Branch.
Wikipedia page: John Marshall (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: John Marshall (September 24, 1755 – July 6, 1835) was an American politician and lawyer who served as the fourth Chief Justice of the United States from 1801 to 1835.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Sinatra had a son named Simon Sinatra.
Wikipedia page: Frank Sinatra (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Personal life | Alleged organized-crime links and Cal Neva Lodge
text: That year, Sinatra's son, Frank Sinatra Jr., was kidnapped, but was eventually released unharmed.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Ozzie Smith was a shortstop for the New York Yankees and the St Louis Cardianls during his career ranging from 1978 to 1996.
Wikipedia page: Ozzie Smith (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Osborne Earl "Ozzie" Smith (born December 26, 1954) is an American former baseball shortstop who played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the San Diego Padres and St. Louis Cardinals from 1978 to 1996.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Italy has rivalries with 5 countries.
Wikipedia page: Italy national football team (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The national team is also known for its long-standing rivalries with other top footballing nations, such as those with Brazil, Croatia, France, Germany and Spain.
section_header: Rivalries
text: Italy has five main rivalries with other top footballing nations.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Pope Benedict XVI has not moved significantly in over twenty years.
Wikipedia page: Pope Benedict XVI (NOCAT)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: He has lived in Rome since 1981.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Electronegativity was investigated before it was given a name.
Wikipedia page: Electronegativity (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The term "electronegativity" was introduced by Jöns Jacob Berzelius in 1811, though the concept was known even before that and was studied by many chemists including Avogadro.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: "My Last Duchess" is a poem by Robert Browning about the battle of men's authority to steer the use of marriage for their selfish needs.
Wikipedia page: My Last Duchess (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Historical background
text: The poem is a representation of male and female relationships and their contrasting powers or lack thereof.
section_header: Historical background
text: The duke in this poem uses his power to control a woman, his duchess, by using her as currency.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: MIke Piazza was the first player to hit a homerun out of Dodger Stadium.
Wikipedia page: Mike Piazza (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Career highlights and milestones
text: On September 21, 1997, Mike Piazza became just the third player and the only Dodger ever to hit a ball out of Dodger Stadium with a blast over the left-field pavilion.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: British heavy metal rock band, Def Leppard, achieved a growing number of devoted admirers who associated with the metal scene movement.
Wikipedia page: Def Leppard (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Def Leppard are an English rock band formed in 1977 in Sheffield and are considered part of the new wave of British heavy metal movement.
section_header: History | Early years (1977–1979)
text: Throughout 1979, the band developed a loyal following among British hard rock and heavy metal fans and were considered among the leaders of the new wave of British heavy metal movement.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The sibling of Karl Goldmark pursued law as a career.
Wikipedia page: Karl Goldmark (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Life and career
text: Karl Goldmark's older brother Joseph became a physician and was later involved in the Revolution of 1848, and forced to emigrate to the United States.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Memoirs of a Geisha is was adapted into a movie.
Wikipedia page: Memoirs of a Geisha (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Film version
text: In 2005, film director Rob Marshall made a film version of the novel.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Johannes Brahms is known for his loose style and working with errors in his pieces.
Wikipedia page: Johannes Brahms (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Music | Works
text: Brahms was an extreme perfectionist.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Twelfth Night is a novel about a woman alone in Paris.
Wikipedia page: Twelfth Night (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Twelfth Night, or What You Will is a romantic comedy by William Shakespeare, believed to have been written around 1601–1602 as a Twelfth Night's entertainment for the close of the Christmas season.
section_header: Summary
text: The play centres on the twins Viola and Sebastian, who are separated in a shipwreck.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Cymbeline is a play by William Shakespeare that has most recently in 2014 been made into a movie with the same name.
Wikipedia page: Cymbeline (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Adaptations | Screen adaptations
text: In 2014, Ethan Hawke and director Michael Almereyda, who previously collaborated on the 2000 film Hamlet, re-teamed for the film Cymbeline, in which Hawke plays Iachimo.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Flipkart is an Indian e-commerce company that got in trouble selling narcotics in their market.
Wikipedia page: Flipkart (Technology)
Evidence:
section_header: Regulatory action and lawsuits
text: In February 2016, Health Minister, J P Nadda, informed that the Maharashtra FDA had taken action against Flipkart, among others, for selling drugs without valid license.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The 2012 film Skyfall is the twenty third James Bond film and the first to star Daniel Craig.
Wikipedia page: Skyfall (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The film is the third to star Daniel Craig as fictional MI6 agent James Bond and features Javier Bardem as Raoul Silva, the villain, and Judi Dench as M.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Seward was the governor of Illinois during his career.
Wikipedia page: William H. Seward (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: William Henry Seward (May 16, 1801 – October 10, 1872) was United States Secretary of State from 1861 to 1869, and earlier served as governor of New York and as a United States Senator.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Queen Victoria's favorite dog was put on her deathbed as a request in her written instructions for her funeral.
Wikipedia page: Queen Victoria (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Later years | Death and succession
text: Her favourite pet Pomeranian, Turi, was laid upon her deathbed as a last request.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Alexander the Great actual name was Alexander lll of Macedon.
Wikipedia page: Alexander the Great (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Alexander III of Macedon (Greek: Αλέξανδρος
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Several states have had legal dealings with Groupon based on their booze sales.
Wikipedia page: Groupon (Technology)
Evidence:
section_header: Reception | Massachusetts Alcoholic Beverages Control Commission
text: In March 2011, the Massachusetts Alcoholic Beverages Control Commission notified Groupon that it was in violation of state law that prohibits discounting of alcoholic beverages.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: A Death in the Family is a nonfiction book about the author's life.
Wikipedia page: A Death in the Family (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: A Death in the Family is an autobiographical novel by author James Agee, set in Knoxville, Tennessee.
section_header: Plot
text: The novel is based on the events that occurred to Agee in 1915 when his father went out of town to see his own father, who had suffered a heart attack.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Favourite was a black comedy period movie that takes place in the 17th century.
Wikipedia page: The Favourite (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Set in early 18th century Great Britain, the film's plot examines the relationship between two cousins, Sarah, Duchess of Marlborough (Rachel Weisz) and Abigail Masham (Emma Stone), who are vying to be Court favourite of Queen Anne (Olivia Colman).
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Bill McKechnie had a Scottish lineage and managed and played in the MBL while also worshiping by participating in choir  enjoying a calm life.
Wikipedia page: Bill McKechnie (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: He was nicknamed "Deacon" because he sang in his church choir and generally lived a quiet life.
section_header: Summary
text: McKechnie was the first manager to win World Series titles with two teams (1925 Pittsburgh Pirates and 1940 Cincinnati Reds), and remains one of only two managers to win pennants with three teams, also capturing the National League title in 1928 with the St. Louis Cardinals.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Winters's career lasted almost 60 years.
Wikipedia page: Shelley Winters (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Shelley Winters (born Shirley Schrift; August 18, 1920 – January 14, 2006) was an American actress whose career spanned almost six decades.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Barbra Streisand had a short lived career.
Wikipedia page: Barbra Streisand (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: In a career spanning six decades, she has achieved success in multiple fields of entertainment and has been recognized with two Academy Awards, ten Grammy Awards including the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award and the Grammy Legend Award, five Emmy Awards, four Peabody Awards, the Presidential Medal of Freedom, and nine Golden Globes.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Death in Venice is a novella about a gondolier who in fascinated with a tourist to the point of stalking the young fourteen year old male until finding out the love of his life is engaged to be married.
Wikipedia page: Death in Venice (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Plot
text: Over the next days and weeks, Aschenbach's interest in the beautiful boy develops into an obsession.
section_header: Allusions
text: There are allusions to his poems about Venice in the novella and, like Aschenbach, he died of cholera on an Italian island.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Nellie Fox was born on Easter in 1934 during a sever flood in Baton Rouge, Louisiana.
Wikipedia page: Nellie Fox (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Early years
text: Fox was born on Christmas Day 1927 in St. Thomas Township, Pennsylvania, a rural area just west of Chambersburg, in south central Pennsylvania.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Foster had a stalker when she was in college.
Wikipedia page: Jodie Foster (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Personal life | John Hinckley incident
text: During her freshman year at Yale in 1980–1981, Foster was stalked by John W. Hinckley, Jr., who had developed an obsession with her after watching Taxi Driver.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Chelsea Football Club play their home games at Stamford Bridge in Chelsea, London.
Wikipedia page: Chelsea F.C. (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Chelsea Football Club is an English professional football club based in Fulham, London.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Pierre de Fermat has an esteemed place of education dubbed in his honor.
Wikipedia page: Pierre de Fermat (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Biography | Death
text: French sculptor Théophile Barrau made a marble statue named Hommage à Pierre Fermat as a tribute to Fermat, now at the Capitole de Toulouse.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: A Raisin in the Sun was first a novel before it was adapted into many different forms of media.
Wikipedia page: A Raisin in the Sun (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: A Raisin in the Sun is a play by Lorraine Hansberry that debuted on Broadway in 1959.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: March, who started acting at the age of 25, never won an Oscar in his 3 decades of acting on screen.
Wikipedia page: Fredric March (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: He won the Academy Award for Best Actor for Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde (1931) and The Best Years of Our Lives (1946), as well as the Tony Award for Best Actor in a Play for Years Ago (1947) and Long Day's Journey into Night (1956).
section_header: Summary
text: March is one of only two actors, the other being Helen Hayes, to have won both the Academy Award and the Tony Award twice.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Hiawatha, of The Song of Hiawatha, is based, at least in name, on a real Native American.
Wikipedia page: The Song of Hiawatha (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The name Hiawatha is derived from a historical figure associated with the League of the Iroquois, then located in New York and Pennsylvania.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: There are 5 seasons of the series.
Wikipedia page: The Walking Dead (TV series) (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Series overview | Season 11
text: AMC announced that The Walking Dead was renewed for an eleventh season on October 5, 2019, just prior to the tenth-season premiere.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: GoDaddy was founded by Bob Parsons and has 19 million customers.
Wikipedia page: GoDaddy (Technology)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: As of April 2020, GoDaddy has approximately 18.5 million customers and over 7,000 employees worldwide.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Mayor of Casterbridge is considered to be a failed novel for Hardy.
Wikipedia page: The Mayor of Casterbridge (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The novel is considered to be one of Hardy's masterpieces, although it has been criticised for incorporating too many incidents: a consequence of the author trying to include something in every weekly published instalment.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Oliver Twist was first printed in segments in a magazine over the course of more than two years.
Wikipedia page: Oliver Twist (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Publications
text: The novel was originally published in monthly instalments in the magazine Bentley's Miscellany, from February 1837 to April 1839.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Williams was born in Boston in 1604.
Wikipedia page: Roger Williams (theologian) (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: Roger Williams was born in London around 1603, though the exact date is unknown because his birth records were destroyed when St. Sepulchre's Church was burned during the Great Fire of London in 1666.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Jodie Foster  was stalked in college and the man tried to kill her.
Wikipedia page: Jodie Foster (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Personal life | John Hinckley incident
text: During her time at Yale, Foster also had other stalkers, including Edward Richardson, who planned to murder her but changed his mind after watching her perform in a college play.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: John Cabot was an Italian navigator that really went by three names depending on which document he was signing.
Wikipedia page: John Cabot (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Name and origins
text: This was the result of a once-ubiquitous European tradition of nativizing names in contemporary documents, something often adhered to by the actual persons themselves.
section_header: Name and origins
text: Cabot is known today as Giovanni Caboto in Italian, as Zuan Chabotto in Venetian, and as John Cabot in English.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The opening theme started out as a spontaneous performance, inspired by a book on the creation of the cosmos.
Wikipedia page: The Big Bang Theory (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Production | Theme song
text: By coincidence, Robertson had recently read Simon Singh's book Big Bang, and at the concert improvised a freestyle rap about the origins of the universe.
section_header: Production | Theme song
text: Lorre and Prady phoned him shortly thereafter and asked him to write the theme song.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Ivanhoe is a novel that has been adapted into other types of media.
Wikipedia page: Ivanhoe (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Ivanhoe: A Romance () is a historical novel by Walter Scott, first published in late 1819 in three volumes, one of the Waverley novels.
section_header: Summary
text: There have been several adaptations for stage, film and television.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Raiders of the Lost Ark takes place near the end of the Indiana Jones series.
Wikipedia page: Raiders of the Lost Ark (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The first installment in the Indiana Jones franchise, the film stars Harrison Ford as archaeologist Indiana Jones, who battles a group of Nazis searching for the Ark of the Covenant.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: In the 1985 film Prizzi's Honor, Anjelica Huston, the daughter of the director John Huston and wife of Jack Nicholson, won an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress.
Wikipedia page: Prizzi's Honor (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Production
text: Huston, who was not only John Huston's daughter but also Jack Nicholson's girlfriend at the time, wrote in her 2014 memoir
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Jane Fonda has Italian ancestry.
Wikipedia page: Jane Fonda (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life and education
text: According to her father, the surname Fonda came from an Italian ancestor who immigrated to the Netherlands in the 1500s.
Verdict: SUPPORTS