tasksource/fool-me-twice huggingface dataset:
Claim: Va;emtom Alkan was a well-known partier.
Wikipedia page: Valentin Alkan (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Although he had a wide circle of friends and acquaintances in the Parisian artistic world, including Eugène Delacroix and George Sand, from 1848 he began to adopt a reclusive life style, while continuing with his compositions – virtually all of which are for the keyboard.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Enos Slaughter was paid for catching the ball when it was struck into the right-hand side of the play area by the man with the bat.
Wikipedia page: Enos Slaughter (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Enos Bradsher Slaughter (April 27, 1916 – August 12, 2002), nicknamed "Country", was an American Major League Baseball (MLB) right fielder.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: What is considered one of his greatest accomplishments as pope was the creation of the calendar we use today.
Wikipedia page: Pope Gregory XIII (NOCAT)
Evidence:
section_header: Pontificate | The Gregorian calendar
text: Pope Gregory XIII is best known for his commissioning of what is now known as the Gregorian calendar after being initially authored by the doctor/astronomer Aloysius Lilius and with the aid of Jesuit priest/astronomer Christopher Clavius who made the final modifications.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: In January of 2020, HBO said that House of Dragon is scheduled for a 2021 release.
Wikipedia page: Game of Thrones (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Other media and products | Successor series | House of the Dragon
text: In January 2020, HBO stated that the series is scheduled for a 2022 release and that the writing process has begun.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Ben-Hur is a historical film.
Wikipedia page: Ben-Hur (1959 film) (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Ben-Hur is a 1959 American epic historical drama film directed by William Wyler, produced by Sam Zimbalist, and starring Charlton Heston as the title character.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Picture of Dorian Gray is a Gothic and philosophical 13th novel by Oscar Wilde about confronting an ugly addiction to prostitutes and opium.
Wikipedia page: The Picture of Dorian Gray (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The Picture of Dorian Gray is the only novel written by Wilde.
section_header: Summary
text: Dorian Gray is the subject of a full-length portrait in oil by Basil Hallward, an artist impressed and infatuated by Dorian's beauty; he believes that Dorian's beauty is responsible for the new mood in his art as a painter.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Angelina Jolie did not want to be part of Gravity, so Sandra Bullock took her place.
Wikipedia page: Gravity (film) (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Production | Casting | Female lead
text: Scheduling conflicts involving Jolie's Bosnian war film In the Land of Blood and Honey (2011), and a possible sequel to Salt (2010) led Jolie to end her involvement with Gravity, leaving Warner Bros. with doubts that the film would get made.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Queen Elizabeth II knows how to fix cars.
Wikipedia page: Elizabeth II (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Heir presumptive | Second World War
text: She trained as a driver and mechanic and was given the rank of honorary junior commander (female equivalent of captain at the time) five months later.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Cristiano Ronaldo's standing among online fanatics dropped in 2020, causing him to lose a record he had held concerning accounts that paid attention to what his own published on a variety of platforms.
Wikipedia page: Cristiano Ronaldo (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: As of April 2020, Ronaldo is also the most followed user on both Instagram and Facebook.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Quark are not present in isolation.
Wikipedia page: Quark (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Due to a phenomenon known as color confinement, quarks are never found in isolation; they can be found only within hadrons, which include baryons (such as protons and neutrons) and mesons, or in quark–gluon plasmas.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Katy Perry attended University of California, Berkley.
Wikipedia page: Katy Perry (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Life and career | 1999–2006: Career beginnings
text: She briefly had music lessons in facilities rented from the Music Academy of the West.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Mickey Welch used the name Welch on the field but always used his real last name off the field which was Walsh.
Wikipedia page: Mickey Welch (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: The new last name may have distinguished him from the high number of men in Brooklyn at the time named Michael Walsh.
section_header: Early life
text: He later adopted the last name Welch.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Cooper has 9 Oscars.
Wikipedia page: Bradley Cooper (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: He has been nominated for many awards, including eight Academy Awards and a Tony Award, and has won two Grammy Awards and a BAFTA Award.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Zebulon Pike had four kids that passed away and was born in Virginia.
Wikipedia page: Zebulon Pike (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Zebulon Montgomery Pike (January 5, 1779 – April 27, 1813) was an American brigadier general and explorer for whom Pikes Peak in Colorado was named.
section_header: Early and family life | Early life and education
text: Pike was born during the Revolutionary War, on January 5, 1779, near Lamberton, now called Lamington in Bedminster, New Jersey, in Somerset County, New Jersey.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Emperor Puyi was made emperor again in for the entire year  of 1917 after being dethroned in 1912
Wikipedia page: Puyi (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Biography | Brief restoration (1917)
text: In 1917 the warlord Zhang Xun restored Puyi to the throne from July 1 to July 12.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Addams was 1 of the co-founders of the Hull House in Chicago.
Wikipedia page: Jane Addams (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: She co-founded Chicago's Hull House, one of America's most famous settlement houses.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Dame Helen Mirren married a cab driver.
Wikipedia page: Helen Mirren (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: Mirren was born Helen Lydia Mironoff in 1945 at Queen Charlotte's and Chelsea Hospital in Hammersmith, London, the daughter of Kathleen "Kitty" Alexandrina Eva Matilda (née Rogers; 1909–1996) and Vasily Petrovich Mironoff (1913–1980).
section_header: Early life
text: Vasily also worked as a cab driver and then played the viola with the London Philharmonic Orchestra before the Second World War.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Roger Connor was recruited by the Trojans because he was a left-handed third baseman.
Wikipedia page: Roger Connor (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: In 1878 he would transfer to the minor league Holyoke Shamrocks, where he became known for hitting home runs across the field into the Connecticut River.
section_header: Early life
text: This so-impressed Springfield baseball boss Bob Ferguson that he signed Connor onto the National League (NL) Troy Trojans
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: According to the ancient texts, Rebecca was barren.
Wikipedia page: Rebecca (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Rebecca appears in the Hebrew Bible as the wife of Isaac and the mother of Jacob and Esau.
section_header: Death and burial
text: According to the Talmud, the Torah's explicit dating of the life of Ishmael helps to date various events in Jacob's life and, by implication, the age of Rebecca at her death.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Alcohol has likely been produced by people for approximately 4,000 years.
Wikipedia page: Alcohol (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: History
text: Alcohol distillation possibly originated in the Indus valley civilization as early as 2000 BCE.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The senate in Berlin lets the gate be illuminated for events in cities with a special connection to Berlin.
Wikipedia page: Brandenburg Gate (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Political history
text: The Berlin Senate only lets the gate be illuminated for events in partner cities and cities with a special connection to Berlin.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Pinterest started as an at home company  in 2009 and took two years to kickoff and be a success.
Wikipedia page: Pinterest (Technology)
Evidence:
section_header: History
text: Nine months after the launch the website had 10,000 users.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Heart is a Lonely Hunter was picked for Winfrey's Book Club.
Wikipedia page: The Heart is a Lonely Hunter (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Reception
text: In 2004 the novel was selected for Oprah's Book Club.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Gift of the Magi, originally a short story, was adapted for Sesame Street and by Jim Henson as a Muppet special.
Wikipedia page: The Gift of the Magi (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: "The Gift of the Magi" is a short story by O. Henry first published in 1905.
section_header: Adaptations | Other media
text: In 1977, Muppet creator Jim Henson produced a one-hour television adaptation of the story, filmed in Toronto for HBO in the United States and CBC in Canada.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Richard Burton was rasied by his older sister starting around the age of two.
Wikipedia page: Richard Burton (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life | Childhood
text: Richard was barely two years old when his mother died on 31 October, six days after the birth of Graham, the family's thirteenth child.
section_header: Early life | Childhood
text: Richard remained forever grateful and loving to Cis throughout his life, later going on to say: "When my mother died she, my sister, had become my mother, and more mother to me than any mother could ever have been ... I was immensely proud of her ... she felt all tragedies except her own".
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Kate Winslet dated a man 13 years her elder.
Wikipedia page: Kate Winslet (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Personal life
text: While filming Dark Season, Winslet, aged 15, began a romantic relationship with the actor-writer Stephen Tredre, then aged 28.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Paul McCartney's father was not at the hospital when he was born.
Wikipedia page: Paul McCartney (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: His father, James ("Jim") McCartney, was absent from his son's birth due to his work as a volunteer firefighter during World War II.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Photons, according to our best current models, have no "mass" but still increase that of other things.
Wikipedia page: Photon (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Quantum field theory | Contributions to the mass of a system
text: }   . Similarly, the mass of a system that absorbs a photon is increased by a corresponding amount.
section_header: Physical properties | Experimental checks on photon mass
text: Current commonly accepted physical theories imply or assume the photon to be strictly massless.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Brandenburg Gate was built before it was on strictly "German" land.
Wikipedia page: Brandenburg Gate (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: History | Design and construction
text: Relative peace, a policy of religious tolerance, and status as capital of the Kingdom of Prussia facilitated the growth of the city.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Puyi was the last Sultan of Mongolia.
Wikipedia page: Puyi (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Puyi (Chinese: 溥儀; 7 February 1906 – 17 October 1967) was the last Emperor of China as the twelfth and final Emperor of the Qing dynasty, China's last imperial dynasty.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The original text was published in 1847 by Thomas Cautley Newby.
Wikipedia page: Wuthering Heights (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Publication | 1847 edition
text: The original text, as published by Thomas Cautley Newby in 1847, is available online in two parts:[1][2].
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Leon Trotsky's daughter killed herself.
Wikipedia page: Leon Trotsky (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Early political activities and life (1896–1917) | First marriage and Siberian exile (1899–1902)
text: Suffering also from tuberculosis and depression, Zinaida committed suicide in 1933.
section_header: Early political activities and life (1896–1917) | First marriage and Siberian exile (1899–1902)
text: They had two daughters, Zinaida (1901 – 5 January 1933) and Nina (1902 – 9 June 1928), both born in Siberia.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Remembrance of Things Past has eight parts.
Wikipedia page: Remembrance of Things Past (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: In Search of Lost Time (French: À la recherche du temps perdu), also translated as Remembrance of Things Past, is a novel in seven volumes by Marcel Proust (1871–1922).
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Charlemagne was the one percent in regards to proportions.
Wikipedia page: Charlemagne (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Appearance | Physical appearance
text: This puts him in the 99th percentile of height for his period, given that average male height of his time was 1.69 metres (5 ft 7 in).
section_header: Appearance | Physical appearance
text: In 1861, Charlemagne's tomb was opened by scientists who reconstructed his skeleton and estimated it to be measured 1.95 metres (6 ft 5 in).
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Pinterest is a social media for people to make connections for professionals who are interested in job searches and connecting with others in certain work fields.
Wikipedia page: Pinterest (Technology)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Pinterest is an American image sharing and social media service designed to enable saving and discovery of information (specifically "ideas") on the World Wide Web using images and, on a smaller scale, GIFs and videos, in the form of pinboards.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Red Schoendienst player 2nd base as a professional MLB player and was in MLB for seventy six straight seasons.
Wikipedia page: Red Schoendienst (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: At the time of his death, he had worn a Major League uniform for 74 consecutive years as a player, coach, or manager, and had served 67 of his 76 years in baseball with the Cardinals.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The band B'z was all hard rock, and his guitar style is an alternative one unknown to Asia.
Wikipedia page: B'z (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: History | Early works (1988–1990)
text: It was the beginning of a steady shift in the duo's style from pop rock to 80's hard rock.
section_header: Music style
text: Compared to other two big Japanese rock bands, Mr. Children and Glay, while the sound of the first can be described as "soft", the other two are "fast and rocking".
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Carl Maria von Weber was given lessons by the Eutin orchestra director.
Wikipedia page: Carl Maria von Weber (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Life and career | Education
text: Franz Anton gave Carl Maria a comprehensive education, which was however interrupted by the family's frequent moves.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Pope Pius XII served as a pope for 19 years.
Wikipedia page: Pope Pius XII (NOCAT)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Pope Pius XII (Italian: Pio XII), born Eugenio Maria Giuseppe Giovanni Pacelli (Italian pronunciation: [euˈdʒɛːnjo maˈriːa dʒuˈzɛppe dʒoˈvanni paˈtʃɛlli]; 2 March 1876 – 9 October 1958), was head of the Catholic Church and sovereign of the Vatican City State from 2 March 1939 to 1958 when he died.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: AEthelred the Unready's name was a pun and was King of France.
Wikipedia page: AEthelred the Unready (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Æthelred II (Old English: Æþelræd, pronounced [æðelræːd]; c. 966 – 23 April 1016), known as the Unready, was King of the English from 978 to 1013 and again from 1014 until his death.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Alcohol has been distilled since the 19th century BCE.
Wikipedia page: Alcohol (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: History
text: Alcohol distillation possibly originated in the Indus valley civilization as early as 2000 BCE.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart was the first child from his parents.
Wikipedia page: Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Life and career | Early life | Family and childhood
text: He was the youngest of seven children, five of whom died in infancy.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: BlacKkKlansman did not win any awards.
Wikipedia page: BlacKkKlansman (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: It received six nominations at the 91st Academy Awards, including Best Picture, Best Director (Lee's first directing nomination), and Best Supporting Actor for Driver, and won for Best Adapted Screenplay, making it Lee's first competitive Academy Award.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: American front-office executive in Major League Baseball Lee MacPhail had a career in baseball for 45 years and died at 95 which at the time made him the oldest person in the Hall of Fame.
Wikipedia page: Lee MacPhail (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Leland Stanford MacPhail Jr. (October 25, 1917 – November 8, 2012) was an American front-office executive in Major League Baseball.
section_header: Summary
text: MacPhail was a baseball executive for 45 years, serving as the director of player personnel for the New York Yankees, the president and general manager of the Baltimore Orioles, chief aide to Commissioner of Baseball William Eckert, executive vice president and general manager of the Yankees, and president of the American League.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: American baseball pitcher Grover Alexander was inducted into the 1938 Hall of Fame.
Wikipedia page: Grover Cleveland Alexander (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Later life and legacy
text: Alexander was elected to Baseball's Hall of Fame in 1938, the third year of the Hall.
section_header: Summary
text: Grover Cleveland Alexander (February 26, 1887 – November 4, 1950), nicknamed "Old Pete", was an American Major League Baseball pitcher.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: A full third of people that go to watch games in Ireland go to special Gaelic soccer games, which are apparently different than normal soccer.
Wikipedia page: Ireland (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Culture | Sports
text: Gaelic football is the most popular sport in Ireland in terms of match attendance and community involvement, with about 2,600 clubs on the island.
section_header: Culture | Sports
text: In 2003 it represented 34% of total sports attendances at events in Ireland and abroad, followed by hurling at 23%, soccer at 16% and rugby at 8%.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The 1995 film Babe is the tale of a pig that talks and 48 pigs were used in the filming of the drama.
Wikipedia page: Babe (film) (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: It is an adaptation of Dick King-Smith's 1983 novel The Sheep-Pig, also known as Babe: The Gallant Pig in the US, which tells the story of a pig raised as livestock who wants to do the work of a sheepdog.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Roger B. Taney was the fourth Chief Justice of England's Parliament that was elected in 1835.
Wikipedia page: Roger B. Taney (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Roger Brooke Taney (; March 17, 1777 – October 12, 1864) was the fifth Chief Justice of the United States, holding that office from 1836 until his death in 1864.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The movie was filmed on site in Colorado Springs where the film is set.
Wikipedia page: BlacKkKlansman (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Plot
text: In 1972, Ron Stallworth is hired as the first black officer in the Colorado Springs Police Department.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Benito Amilcare Andrea Mussolini, an Italian leader of the National Fascist Party, consolidated his authority by eliminating his opposition with secret police with legitimate and illegitimate avenues.
Wikipedia page: Benito Mussolini (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: After removing all political opposition through his secret police and outlawing labor strikes, Mussolini and his followers consolidated their power through a series of laws that transformed the nation into a one-party dictatorship.
section_header: Summary
text: Within five years, Mussolini had established dictatorial authority by both legal and illegal means and aspired to create a totalitarian state.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: At the beginning of the play The Clouds by Aristophanes, the dad and kid are sleeping when the dad bolts upright and starts to talk.
Wikipedia page: The Clouds (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Plot
text: Strepsiades complains to the audience that he is too worried about household debts to get any sleep – his wife (the pampered product of an aristocratic clan) has encouraged their son's expensive interest in horses.
section_header: Plot
text: The play begins with Strepsiades suddenly sitting up in bed while his son, Pheidippides, remains blissfully asleep in the bed next to him.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Joker is about Arthur Feck transformation.
Wikipedia page: Joker (2019 film) (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Reception | Critical response
text: " The movie, with great pain and in detail, explains how Arthur Fleck turns into Joker dejected by the way the world treats him.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Although Sweden joined the Cold War despite staying out of other previous wars in the 20th century.
Wikipedia page: Sweden (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Sweden was formally neutral through both world wars and the Cold War, albeit Sweden has since 2009 openly moved towards cooperation with NATO.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Jennings died in a car accident.
Wikipedia page: Hugh Jennings (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: A lifetime of tragic accidents
text: In early 1928, Jennings died from meningitis in Scranton, Pennsylvania at age 58.Jennings was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1945 as a player.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Slaughter played professional baseball for 17 years.
Wikipedia page: Enos Slaughter (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: He played for 19 seasons on four major league teams from 1938–1942 and 1946–1959.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The first team Welch played for was the New York Gothams.
Wikipedia page: Mickey Welch (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Major league career | Early career
text: Welch's earliest professional baseball engagement was in Poughkeepsie, New York, as an outfielder-pitcher for the Volunteers baseball club in 1877, and in the following year he would briefly play for a club in Auburn before joining the Holyoke Shamrocks of the National Association.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Ralph Kiner was an MLB player served in WWII which interrupted his baseball career.
Wikipedia page: Ralph Kiner (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: An outfielder, Kiner played for the Pittsburgh Pirates, Chicago Cubs, and Cleveland Indians from 1946 through 1955.
section_header: Summary
text: Following his retirement, Kiner served from 1956 through 1960 as general manager of the Pacific Coast League San Diego Padres.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Buddha taught that sex was the single source of all human unpleasantness.
Wikipedia page: Gautama Buddha (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Teachings | Teachings preserved in the Early Buddhist Texts | The Path to Liberation
text: In the Potaliya Sutta (MN 54) sensual pleasures are said by the Buddha to be a cause of conflict for all humans beings.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Connor passed away due to gut issues
Wikipedia page: Roger Connor (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Later life | Death
text: Connor died on January 4, 1931, following a lengthy stomach illness.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Brandenburg is an gated entrance to Uber Den Lidun where Hitler entered Berlin.
Wikipedia page: Brandenburg Gate (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The gate is the monumental entry to Unter den Linden, a boulevard of linden trees which led directly to the royal City Palace of the Prussian monarchs.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Lord of the Flies is a 1964 novel by Nobel Prize-winning British author William Golding, and a 2016 UK poll saw Lord of the Flies ranked third in the nation's favourite books from school.
Wikipedia page: Lord of the Flies (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Lord of the Flies is a 1954 novel by Nobel Prize-winning British author William Golding.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Brooklyn Bridge is the longest suspension bridge in the world spanning the East River between the boroughs of Manhattan and Brooklyn.
Wikipedia page: Brooklyn Bridge (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: It was also the longest suspension bridge in the world at the time of its opening, with a main span of 1,595.5 feet (486.3 m) and a deck located 127 ft (38.7 m) above mean high water.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Bill Klem altered his name from Clemm.
Wikipedia page: Bill Klem (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Biography | Early life
text: He had changed the spelling of his last name from "Klimm" to "Klem" because he thought it had a better sound.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Oxygen makes up the highest portion in the composition of earth.
Wikipedia page: Earth (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Physical characteristics | Chemical composition
text: It is composed mostly of iron (32.1%), oxygen (30.1%), silicon (15.1%), magnesium (13.9%), sulphur (2.9%), nickel (1.8%), calcium (1.5%), and aluminum (1.4%), with the remaining 1.2% consisting of trace amounts of other elements.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Mikhail Gorbachev is a singer.
Wikipedia page: Mikhail Gorbachev (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Post-presidency | Growing criticism of Putin and foreign policy remarks: since 2008
text: In 2009 Gorbachev released Songs for Raisa, an album of Russian romantic ballads, sung by him and accompanied by musician Andrei Makarevich, to raise money for a charity devoted to his late wife.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Apartment is a 1960 American movie and considered one of the best comedies.
Wikipedia page: The Apartment (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The Apartment is a 1960 American romantic comedy film produced and directed by Billy Wilder from a screenplay he co-wrote with I. A. L. Diamond, starring Jack Lemmon and Shirley MacLaine, alongside Fred MacMurray, Ray Walston, Jack Kruschen, David Lewis, Willard Waterman, David White, Hope Holiday, and Edie Adams.
section_header: Awards and nominations
text: In 2006, Premiere voted this film as one of "The 50 Greatest Comedies Of All Time".
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Israel is actually two countries in one.
Wikipedia page: Israel (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Israel (; Hebrew: יִשְׂרָאֵל‎; Israel (; Hebrew: יִשְׂרָאֵל‎; Arabic: إِسْرَائِيل‎), formally known as the State of Israel (Hebrew: מְדִינַת יִשְׂרָאֵל‎, Medinat Yisra'el), is a country in Western Asia, located on the southeastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea and the northern shore of the Red Sea.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Biz Mackey is said to have died 6 years after he actually died.
Wikipedia page: Biz Mackey (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Life after baseball
text: Through the 1990s, reference sources widely reported his death as having occurred in 1959; this seems to have resulted from Campanella's recollection in John B. Holway's 1988 book Blackball Stars that Mackey "passed away right after" the Coliseum event, an apparent error that Campanella repeated in other interviews.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Goslin sold real estate after quitting baseball.
Wikipedia page: Goose Goslin (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Life after baseball
text: After retiring from baseball, Goslin operated a boat rental company on Delaware Bay for many years, until he retired in 1969.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Tale of Genji is a book written by shaolin monks in the holy land of Murasaki.
Wikipedia page: The Tale of Genji (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The Tale of Genji (源氏物語, Genji monogatari, pronounced [ɡeɲdʑi monoɡaꜜtaɾi]) is a classic work of Japanese literature written in the early 11th century by the noblewoman and lady-in-waiting Murasaki Shikibu.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Margaret Thatcher was a member of the Labor party.
Wikipedia page: Margaret Thatcher (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Margaret Hilda Thatcher, Baroness Thatcher,  (née Roberts; 13 October 1925 – 8 April 2013) was a British stateswoman who served as prime minister of the United Kingdom from 1979 to 1990 and leader of the Conservative Party from 1975 to 1990.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Many people believe the Hull House is full of the spirits of past residents.
Wikipedia page: Hull House (History)
Evidence:
section_header: The building and museum | The haunting of Hull House
text: Addams noted upon moving in that the building had a "half skeptical reputation for a haunted attic." Over the years, numerous stories of ghosts and hauntings have surrounded Hull House, making it a stop on many of the "ghosts in Chicago
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Song of Salomon has not any regard in law.
Wikipedia page: Song of Solomon (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The Song of Songs is unique within the Hebrew Bible: it shows no interest in Law or Covenant or the God of Israel, nor does it teach or explore wisdom like Proverbs or Ecclesiastes (although it does have some affinities to wisdom literature, as the ascription to Solomon indicates); instead, it celebrates sexual love, giving "the voices of two lovers, praising each other, yearning for each other, proffering invitations to enjoy".
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Elizabeth II is the third oldest English Queen.
Wikipedia page: Elizabeth II (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: She is the longest-serving female head of state in world history, and the world's oldest living monarch, longest-reigning current monarch, and oldest and longest-serving current head of state.
section_header: Summary
text: She is the longest-lived and longest-reigning British monarch.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Pinterest was started by two former PayPal employees.
Wikipedia page: Pinterest (Technology)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The site was created by Ben Silbermann, Paul Sciarra, and Evan Sharp and had 300 million monthly active users as of August 2019.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The B'z are a Japanese rock duo that has had 49 consecutive number 1 singles accross Asia.
Wikipedia page: B'z (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: B'z is one of the best-selling music artists in the world and the best-selling in their native Japan, having released 49 consecutive No. 1 singles, 25 No. 1 albums, 3 No. 1 EPs on the Oricon music charts and sold more than 100 million records worldwide.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: At the beginning of the film the Phantom Thread, the lead character mourns his mother.
Wikipedia page: Phantom Thread (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Plot
text: The superstitious Reynolds is haunted by the death of their mother, and often stitches hidden messages into the linings of the dresses he makes.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Newman was assassinated, rumored by his ex-wife.
Wikipedia page: Paul Newman (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Illness and death
text: In June 2008, it was widely reported in the press that he had been diagnosed with lung cancer and was receiving treatment for the condition at the Sloan-Kettering hospital in New York City.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: AEthelred ll the Unready and became king before he was a teenager.
Wikipedia page: AEthelred the Unready (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: He came to the throne at about the age of 12, following the assassination of his older half-brother, Edward the Martyr.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Leaning Tower of Pisa is situated behind the Pisa Cathedral and is the third-oldest structure in the city's Cathedral Square with the height of 60 metres.
Wikipedia page: Leaning Tower of Pisa (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The height of the tower is 55.86 metres (183.27 feet) from the ground on the low side and 56.67 metres (185.93 feet) on the high side.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Kim is a book by a famous author and a film.
Wikipedia page: Kim (novel) (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Kim is a novel by Nobel Prize-winning English author Rudyard Kipling.
section_header: Dramatic adaptations
text: An MGM film adaptation of the novel, directed by Victor Saville and produced by Leon Gordon, was released in 1950.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The fan backlash for Star Wars: The Last Jedi, is clearly the results of bots and very small numbers of people, and thus illegitimate.
Wikipedia page: Star Wars: The Last Jedi (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Reception | Audience reception
text: In response to tampering claims shortly after the film's release, a Fandango executive stated that Rotten Tomatoes detected no unusual activity on The Last Jedi aside from a noticeable "uptick in the number of written user reviews".
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Mikhail Gorbachev was given a Nobel Peace Prize.
Wikipedia page: Mikhail Gorbachev (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Unraveling  of the USSR | Presidency of the Soviet Union: 1990–1991 | German reunification and the Iraq War
text: In October 1990, Gorbachev was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize; he was flattered but acknowledged "mixed feelings" about the accolade.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Rihanna appeared in a film brand commercial with Chris Brown.
Wikipedia page: Rihanna (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Other ventures
text: The same year Rihanna also featured in the Kodak commercial along with rapper Pitbull.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: People need twenty different amino acids in their diet.
Wikipedia page: Amino acid (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Occurrence and functions in biochemistry | In human nutrition
text: When taken up into the human body from the diet, the 20 standard amino acids either are used to synthesize proteins, other biomolecules, or are oxidized to urea and carbon dioxide as a source of energy.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The band consisted of a brother and sister act.
Wikipedia page: The Carpenters (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The Carpenters were an American vocal and instrumental duo consisting of siblings Karen (1950–1983) and Richard Carpenter (b. 1946).
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: X-men came out before Spider-man and the Hulk.
Wikipedia page: X-Men (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Background and creation
text: In 1963, with the success of Spider-Man, the Hulk, Thor, Iron Man, and the Fantastic Four,
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The contract Grover Cleveland Alexander took before any other was for the Syracruse Stars for nearly $1000 for the season.
Wikipedia page: Grover Cleveland Alexander (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: He played semi-professional baseball in his youth, signing his first professional contract at age 20 in 1907 for $50 per month.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Sandra Bullock was not the first actor approached about starring in the film Gravity.
Wikipedia page: Gravity (film) (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Production | Casting | Female lead
text: In 2010, Angelina Jolie, who had rejected a sequel to Wanted (2008), was in contact with Warner Bros. to star in the film.
section_header: Production | Casting | Female lead
text: In the end, no fewer than ten actresses were considered to play the role.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: American jazz player and composer Charles Parker Jr., a.k.a. Yardbird or Bird, had a heroin addiction that started with prescription painkillers after a car accident.
Wikipedia page: Charlie Parker (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Career | Early career
text: The accident led to Parker's ultimate troubles with pain killers and opioids, especially heroin.
section_header: Personal life | Problems
text: Although unclear which came first, his addiction to opiates began at the age of 16, when he was injured in a car crash and a doctor prescribed morphine for the pain.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: John F. Kennedy was shot in Dallas, Texas.
Wikipedia page: John F. Kennedy (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Assassination
text: President Kennedy was assassinated in Dallas, Texas, at 12:30 pm Central Standard Time on Friday, November 22, 1963.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Lee MacPhail has the MLB MVP award in his honor because he was the first player to win the award.
Wikipedia page: Lee MacPhail (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Leland Stanford MacPhail Jr. (October 25, 1917 – November 8, 2012) was an American front-office executive in Major League Baseball.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The national football team in Argentina is known for five world cup and competing against rivals like Germany and Brazil.
Wikipedia page: Argentina national football team (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Argentina, led by Lionel Messi, made their fifth appearance in a World Cup final in 2014, again losing to Germany, 1–0 during extra-time.
section_header: Rivalries | Germany
text: They played each other for the third consecutive World Cup in the Brazil 2014 event's final, where Argentina were defeated in extra time by a score of 1–0.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Diet of Worms took place in the Castle of Worms.
Wikipedia page: Diet of Worms (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: It was held at the Heylshof Garden in Worms, then an Imperial Free City of the Empire.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The 1990 novel L.A. Confidential was planned to be adapted to a film but it never came through.
Wikipedia page: L.A. Confidential (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: In other media | Film
text: The book was adapted for a 1997 film of the same name, directed and co-written by Curtis Hanson and starring Kevin Spacey, Russell Crowe, Guy Pearce, James Cromwell, Kim Basinger, David Strathairn and Danny DeVito.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Vanessa Redgrave was born into an acting family and still is a part in one.
Wikipedia page: Vanessa Redgrave (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: Redgrave was born on 30 January 1937 in Blackheath, London, the daughter of actors Sir Michael Redgrave and Rachel Kempson.
section_header: Summary
text: A member of the Redgrave family of actors
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Mikhail Gorbachev joined the Communist Party in the 1950s.
Wikipedia page: Mikhail Gorbachev (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life | University: 1950–1955
text: In 1952, he was appointed a full member of the Communist Party.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: One of the Instacart's founder's previous employers is known for its Egg McMuffins.
Wikipedia page: Instacart (Technology)
Evidence:
section_header: History
text: Apoorva previously worked at BlackBerry, Qualcomm, and then Amazon as a supply chain engineer, where he developed fulfillment systems to move packages from Amazon's warehouses to customers’ homes.
section_header: History
text: Instacart was founded in 2012 by serial entrepreneur Apoorva Mehta, a former Amazon.com employee.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: In the film Star Wars: The Last Jedi, Leia leaves the Resistance to save the Federation.
Wikipedia page: Star Wars: The Last Jedi (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Cast
text: Carrie Fisher as General Leia Organa, twin sister to Luke, former princess of Alderaan, and a leading general in the Resistance
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Metallica is an American band that started in San Diego, California.
Wikipedia page: Metallica (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The band was formed in 1981 in Los Angeles by vocalist/guitarist James Hetfield and drummer Lars Ulrich, and has been based in San Francisco for most of its career.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Roland Fingers  is a Cy Young winner and and played for four teams in the majors.
Wikipedia page: Rollie Fingers (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Roland Glen Fingers (born August 25, 1946) is an American retired professional baseball pitcher who played 17 seasons in Major League Baseball for the Oakland Athletics (1968–1976), San Diego Padres (1977–1980), and Milwaukee Brewers (1981–1985).
section_header: Summary
text: He is a three-time World Series champion, a seven-time All-Star, a four-time Rolaids Relief Man of the Year, and a three-time MLB saves leader.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Alcohol is an biotic amalgamation in chemistry and was a antidote and primarily ethanol.
Wikipedia page: Alcohol (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: In chemistry, alcohol is an organic compound that carries at least one hydroxyl functional group (−OH) bound to a saturated carbon atom.
section_header: Summary
text: The term alcohol originally referred to the primary alcohol ethanol (ethyl alcohol), which is used as a drug and is the main alcohol present in alcoholic beverages.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The moai are stone statues on Easter Island and no one knows how they got there.
Wikipedia page: Moai (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Nearly half are still at Rano Raraku, the main moʻai quarry, but hundreds were transported from there and set on stone platforms called ahu around the island's perimeter.
section_header: Summary
text: Moʻai  (listen), or moai (Spanish: moái, Rapa Nui: moʻai, meaning "statue" in Rapa Nui), are monolithic human figures carved by the Rapa Nui people on Easter Island in eastern Polynesia between the years 1250 and 1500.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Robert Duvall's father was an engineer.
Wikipedia page: Robert Duvall (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: Duvall was born January 5, 1931, in San Diego, California, the son of Mildred Virginia (née Hart; 1901–c. 1986), an amateur actress, and William Howard Duvall (1904–1984), a Virginia-born U.S. Navy rear admiral.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Ambrose Burnside was one of 9 kids.
Wikipedia page: Ambrose Burnside (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: Burnside was born in Liberty, Indiana, and was the fourth of nine children of Edghill and Pamela (or Pamilia) Brown Burnside, a family of Scottish origin.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Hadrian tried to kill himself more than once, but was not allowed.
Wikipedia page: Hadrian (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Final years | Arranging the succession
text: During his final, protracted illness, Hadrian was prevented from suicide on several occasions.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Skin of Our Teeth is a play and the title was taken from a saying in a bible.
Wikipedia page: The Skin of Our Teeth (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Overview
text: The phrase used as the title comes from the King James Bible, Job 19:20: "My bone cleaveth to my skin and to my flesh, and I am escaped with the skin of my teeth." The main characters of the play are George and Maggie Antrobus (from Greek: άνθρωπος (anthropos), "human" or "person"), their two children, Henry and Gladys, and Sabina, who appears as the family's maid in the first and third acts, and as a beauty queen temptress in the second act.
section_header: Summary
text: The Skin of Our Teeth is a play by Thornton Wilder that won the Pulitzer Prize for Drama.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Derek Jeter is from Flint and played for the New York Yankees.
Wikipedia page: Derek Jeter (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: The Jeters lived in New Jersey until Derek was four years old, at which point they moved to Kalamazoo, Michigan.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Red Fort is located in Africa.
Wikipedia page: Red Fort (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The Red Fort is a historic fort in the city of Delhi (in Old Delhi) in India that served as the main residence of the Mughal Emperors.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The book of the Christian bible The Acts of the Apostles has an intact version dating back to the time of Christ.
Wikipedia page: Acts of the Apostles (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Composition and setting | Manuscripts
text: The oldest complete Alexandrian manuscripts date from the 4th century and the oldest Western ones from the 6th, with fragments and citations going back to the 3rd.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Open Boat is a series of novel.
Wikipedia page: The Open Boat (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: "The Open Boat" is a short story by American author Stephen Crane (1871–1900).
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The novel focuses on the importance of marrying for love, not for money or social prestige.
Wikipedia page: Pride and Prejudice (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The novel revolves around the importance of marrying for love, not for money or social prestige, despite the communal pressure to make a wealthy match.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Elizabeth II has Irish roots.
Wikipedia page: Elizabeth II (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: Her mother, the Duchess of York (later Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother), was the youngest daughter of Scottish aristocrat the Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Dover Beach is a film by Stefan Collini.
Wikipedia page: Dover Beach (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: "Dover Beach" is a lyric poem by the English poet Matthew Arnold.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Bobby Doerr was a player for the Boston Red Sox before becoming a coach.
Wikipedia page: Bobby Doerr (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: He played his entire 14-year Major League Baseball (MLB) career for the Boston Red Sox (1937–1951).
section_header: Later MLB career
text: He was hired as the first base coach for the Red Sox in 1967 under new manager Dick Williams.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Beyoncé is known for her many talents like singing and acting.
Wikipedia page: Beyoncé (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Beyoncé Giselle Knowles-Carter ( bee-YON-say; born September 4, 1981) is an American singer, songwriter, record producer, dancer, actress and filmmaker.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Open Boat is based on a true experience.
Wikipedia page: The Open Boat (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: First published in 1897, it was based on Crane's experience of surviving a shipwreck off the coast of Florida earlier that year while traveling to Cuba to work as a newspaper correspondent.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Former U.S President Kennedy took his first and middle name from his grandfather.
Wikipedia page: John F. Kennedy (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life and education
text: Kennedy's maternal grandfather and namesake, John F. "Honey Fitz" Fitzgerald, served as a U.S. Congressman and was elected to two terms as Mayor of Boston.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Ken Griffey Jr. played football and received scholarship offers to play for different universities.
Wikipedia page: Ken Griffey Jr. (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: Griffey also played football as a wide receiver and received scholarship offers to play college football for such programs as Oklahoma and Michigan.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Mr.Chips, of Goodbye, Mr. Chips, was not the inspiration for a character in any popular crime dramas.
Wikipedia page: Goodbye, Mr. Chips (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Adaptations | Parodies
text: Vince Gilligan created the television show Breaking Bad with the premise that the show's protagonist Walter White would turn from "From Mr. Chips to Scarface" through the series' course.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Esau got hitched to a woman who was a Phoenician.
Wikipedia page: Rebecca (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Marriage and motherhood
text: At the age of 40 (the same age his father had been when he married), Esau took two Hittite wives, Judith the daughter of Beeri, and Basemath the daughter of Elon, who vexed Isaac and Rebecca to no end, as these women were also idol-worshippers.
section_header: The deception of Isaac
text: She then convinced Isaac to send Jacob away, by telling him that she despaired of him marrying a local girl from the idol-worshipping families of Canaan (as Esau had done).
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Internationally, Star Wars: The Last Jedi's box office in the UK on the first days was the highest in Europe.
Wikipedia page: Star Wars: The Last Jedi (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Reception | Box office | Other countries
text: The top countries were the United Kingdom ($10.2 million), Germany ($6.1 million), France ($6 million), Australia ($5.6 million) and Brazil ($2.5 million).
Verdict: SUPPORTS