tasksource/fool-me-twice huggingface dataset:
Claim: Kurt Vonnegut's Cat's Cradle has as its premise that travel to other planets is inevitable.
Wikipedia page: Cat's Cradle (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Synopsis | Background
text: Set in the mid-20th century, the plot revolves around a time when he was planning to write a book called The Day the World Ended about what important Americans did on the day of the atomic bombing of Hiroshima.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Enos Bradsher Slaughter played for the New York Yankees.
Wikipedia page: Enos Slaughter (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Career | Major leagues
text: Slaughter played 19 seasons with the Cardinals, Yankees, Kansas City Athletics, and Milwaukee Braves.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: It was written in the 13th century.
Wikipedia page: The Tale of Genji (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The Tale of Genji (源氏物語, Genji monogatari, pronounced [ɡeɲdʑi monoɡaꜜtaɾi]) is a classic work of Japanese literature written in the early 11th century by the noblewoman and lady-in-waiting Murasaki Shikibu.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Valentin Alkan is from Italy.
Wikipedia page: Valentin Alkan (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Life | Family
text: Alkan was born Charles-Valentin Morhange on 30 November 1813 at 1, Rue de Braque in Paris to Alkan Morhange (1780–1855) and Julie Morhange, née Abraham.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Black Panthers have been used in books and are cougars, jaguars and ocelots.
Wikipedia page: Black Panther (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: A black panther is the melanistic colour variant of any Panthera, particularly of the leopard (P. pardus) in Asia and Africa, and the jaguar (P. onca) in the Americas.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Jennings experienced a number of terrible mishaps in his lifetime.
Wikipedia page: Hugh Jennings (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: A lifetime of tragic accidents
text: In December 1911, Jennings came close to death after an off-season automobile accident.
section_header: A lifetime of tragic accidents
text: Jennings' life was filled with several tragic accidents.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: A promotion for Dexter's premiere in the United Kingdom included letters marked with blood in the shape of a hand.
Wikipedia page: Dexter (TV series) (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Production | Marketing
text: In preparation for the UK launch of the series, Fox experimented with an SMS-based viral marketing campaign.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: A Song of Ice and Fire is a series of epic books that later became a movie series.
Wikipedia page: A Song of Ice and Fire (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Derived works | Television series
text: With the popularity of the series growing, HBO optioned A Song of Ice and Fire for a television adaptation in 2007.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Don Sutton played for five American baseball teams.
Wikipedia page: Don Sutton (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a right-handed pitcher for 23 major league seasons as a member of the Los Angeles Dodgers, Houston Astros, Milwaukee Brewers, Oakland Athletics, and California Angels.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Redgrave has remained publicly neutral on any of her personal political views in order to avoid controversy.
Wikipedia page: Vanessa Redgrave (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Political activism
text: The decision to cast Redgrave as Fénelon was, however, a source of controversy.
section_header: Political activism
text: In light of Redgrave's support for the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO), Fénelon objected to her casting.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Tower of London, a historic castle in London, was built to be used as a prison.
Wikipedia page: Tower of London (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Changing use
text: As holding prisoners was originally an incidental role of the Tower – as would have been the case for any castle – there was no purpose-built accommodation for prisoners until 1687 when a brick shed, a "Prison for Soldiers", was built to the north-west of the White Tower.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Construction of the Brooklyn Bridge dates back to 1870 but the bridge did not open until 1883.
Wikipedia page: Brooklyn Bridge (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Opened on May 24, 1883, the Brooklyn Bridge was the first fixed crossing across the East River.
section_header: History | Construction | Caissons
text: Construction of the Brooklyn Bridge began on January 2, 1870.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Richard Nixon was an athlete growing up.
Wikipedia page: Richard Nixon (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: With a family history of tuberculosis, he was forbidden to play sports.
section_header: Early life
text: Richard was twelve years old when a spot was found on his lung.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The battle was between Norman-French and English armies.
Wikipedia page: Battle of Hastings (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The Battle of Hastings was fought on 14 October 1066 between the Norman-French army of William, the Duke of Normandy, and an English army under the Anglo-Saxon King Harold Godwinson, beginning the Norman conquest of England.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The series has over 40 volumes.
Wikipedia page: Naruto (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Production | Development
text: As a result, Kishimoto apologized to readers for this since volume 43 was more expensive than regular volumes.
section_header: Production | Development
text: " Because of wishing to end the arc involving Sasuke Uchiha search for his brother, Itachi, in a single volume, Kishimoto decided that volume 43 should include more chapters than regular volumes.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: In 2013, Katy Perry signed an agreement with Facebook to exclusively use that social media site to interact with her fans.
Wikipedia page: Katy Perry (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Public image
text: She won the 2015 Guinness World Record for most Twitter followers, and became the first person to gain 100 million followers on the site in June 2017.
section_header: Public image
text: Keith Caulfield of Billboard stated that the singer is "the rare celebrity who seems to have enormous popularity but genuine ground-level interaction with her adoring KatyCats." With a combined total of over 269 million followers across Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter, she is the fifth most followed musician across social media.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Lord of the Flies is a story of a group of boys who are on a stuck on an  island.
Wikipedia page: Lord of the Flies (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The book focuses on a group of British boys stranded on an uninhabited island and their disastrous attempt to govern themselves.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Iliad is an ancient Greek epic poem that is one of the oldest complete pieces of writings that came out of the western world  hundreds of years before christ entered.
Wikipedia page: Iliad (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Along with the Odyssey, the Iliad is among the oldest extant works of Western literature, and its written version is usually dated to around the 8th century BC.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Johnny Depp is named after his father.
Wikipedia page: Johnny Depp (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: John Christopher Depp II (born June 9, 1963) is an American actor, producer, and musician.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Charlemagne was named Charles in French or English and Carolus in Latin.
Wikipedia page: Charlemagne (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Name
text: He was named Charles in French and English, Carolus in Latin, after his grandfather, Charles Martel.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Igor Stravinsky was second last among his 4 siblings.
Wikipedia page: Igor Stravinsky (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Biography | Early life, 1882–1901
text: Igor was the third of their four sons; his brothers were Roman, Yury, and Gury.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Naked Lunch is about a drug addict who assumes multiple identities.
Wikipedia page: Naked Lunch (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The reader follows the narration of junkie William Lee, who takes on various aliases, from the U.S. to Mexico, eventually to Tangier and the dreamlike Interzone.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky's father was a doctor.
Wikipedia page: Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Life | Childhood
text: His father, Ilya Petrovich Tchaikovsky, had served as a lieutenant colonel and engineer in the Department of Mines, and would manage the Kamsko-Votkinsk Ironworks.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Carl Maria von Weber's bones were disinterred and reinterred.
Wikipedia page: Carl Maria von Weber (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Life and career | Later career 1810–1826
text: He was buried in London. 18 years later in December 1844 his remains were transferred to the family burial plot in the Old Catholic Cemetery (Alter Katholischer Friedhof) in Dresden at the side of his youngest son Alexander, who at the age of 19 had died of measles seven weeks before.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Irving Berlin's song, Alexander's Ragtime Band, spawned the rejuvenation of the ragtime genre.
Wikipedia page: Alexander's Ragtime Band (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: History | Cultural sensation
text: " Historian Mark Sullivan later claimed that, with the auspicious debut of "Alexander's Ragtime Band," Berlin abruptly had "lifted ragtime from the depths of sordid dives to the apotheosis of fashionable vogue." Although not a traditional ragtime song, the positive international reception of "Alexander's Ragtime Band" in 1911 led to a musical and dance revival known as "the Ragtime Craze.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Hadrian lived his last years in Rome.
Wikipedia page: Hadrian (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Hadrian (; Latin: Caesar Traianus Hadrianus; 24 January 76 – 10 July 138) was Roman emperor from 117 to 138.
section_header: Final years
text: Hadrian spent the final years of his life at Rome.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Burton was a French actor.
Wikipedia page: Richard Burton (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Richard Burton,  (; born Richard Walter Jenkins Jr.; 10 November 1925 – 5 August 1984) was a Welsh actor.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Goose Goslin did run a restaurant after his baseball career.
Wikipedia page: Goose Goslin (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Life after baseball
text: After retiring from baseball, Goslin operated a boat rental company on Delaware Bay for many years, until he retired in 1969.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The 1997 comedy As Good as It Gets stars Jack Nicholson.
Wikipedia page: As Good as It Gets (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The film stars Jack Nicholson as a misanthropic and obsessive-compulsive novelist, Helen Hunt as a single mother with a chronically ill son, and Greg Kinnear as a homosexual artist.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Hadrian passed in his villa and eventually his ashes were put with his wife's and son's.
Wikipedia page: Hadrian (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Final years | Death
text: Hadrian died in the year 138 on 10 July, in his villa at Baiae at the age of 62.
section_header: Final years | Death
text: Upon completion of the Tomb of Hadrian in Rome in 139 by his successor Antoninus Pius, his body was cremated, and his ashes were placed there together with those of his wife Vibia Sabina and his first adopted son, Lucius Aelius, who also died in 138.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: There has been no discrepancies found in styles of writing in the chapters.
Wikipedia page: The Tale of Genji (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Authorship
text: According to Royall Tyler's introduction to his English translation of the work, recent computer analysis has turned up "statistically significant" discrepancies of style between chapters 45–54 and the rest, and also among the early chapters.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Ken Griffey Jr. played 23 years in MLB.
Wikipedia page: Ken Griffey Jr. (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: George Kenneth Griffey Jr. (born November 21, 1969) nicknamed "Junior" and "the Kid", is an American former professional baseball outfielder who played 22 years in Major League Baseball (MLB).
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: In Andrew Marvell's poem "To His Coy Mistress," the speaker tells his lady that if they had enough time, his love for her would be bigger than a kingdom and all its conquests.
Wikipedia page: To His Coy Mistress (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Allusions in other works
text: My vegetable love should grow Vaster than empires, and more slow.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Heart is a Lonely Hunter is about a widow trying to find love again.
Wikipedia page: The Heart is a Lonely Hunter (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: It is about a deaf man named John Singer and the people he encounters in a 1930s mill town in the US state of Georgia.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Buddha was reborn as Gautama and came to life and lived in Ancient India when is now Kapilavastu.
Wikipedia page: Gautama Buddha (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Biography | Birth and early life
text: It may have been either Piprahwa, Uttar Pradesh, in present-day India, or Tilaurakot, in present-day Nepal.
section_header: Historical person | Historical context
text: According to the Buddhist tradition, Gautama was born in Lumbini, now in modern-day Nepal, and raised in Kapilvastu, which may have been either in what is present-day Tilaurakot, Nepal or Piprahwa, India.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The X-Men was first printed in 1964 following the success of Superman.
Wikipedia page: X-Men (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Created by artist/co-writer Jack Kirby and writer Stan Lee, the characters first appeared in The X-Men #1 (September 1963) and formed one of the most recognizable and successful franchises of Marvel Comics, appearing in numerous books, television shows, films, and video games.
section_header: Background and creation
text: In 1963, with the success of Spider-Man, the Hulk, Thor, Iron Man, and the Fantastic Four,
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Deng Xiaoping has been married twice.
Wikipedia page: Deng Xiaoping (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life and family
text: His third wife, Zhuo Lin, was the daughter of an industrialist in Yunnan.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The region of Italy has been continuously populated by people for the last 20000 years.
Wikipedia page: Italy (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: History | Prehistory and antiquity
text: Thousands of Paleolithic-era artifacts have been recovered from Monte Poggiolo and dated to around 850,000 years before the present, making them the oldest evidence of first hominins habitation in the peninsula.
section_header: History | Prehistory and antiquity
text: Excavations throughout Italy revealed a Neanderthal presence dating back to the Palaeolithic period some 200,000 years ago, while modern Humans appeared about 40,000 years ago at Riparo Mochi.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Puerto Rican baseball player Edgar Martínez met his wife on Tinder.
Wikipedia page: Edgar Martínez (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Personal life
text: Martínez met Holli (née) Beeler on a blind date; they married in October 1992.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The city of Boston is the most inhabited municipality in Massachusetts and home of the Bruins.
Wikipedia page: Boston (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Boston (US: , UK: ) is the capital and most populous city of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts in the United States, and the 21st most populous city in the United States.
section_header: Sports
text: It has been suggested that Boston is the new "TitleTown, USA", as the city's professional sports teams have won twelve championships since 2001: Patriots (2001, 2003, 2004, 2014, 2016 and 2018), Red Sox (2004, 2007, 2013, and 2018), Celtics (2008), and Bruins (2011).
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Calcium is only found in bones.
Wikipedia page: Calcium (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Food sources
text: Foods rich in calcium include dairy products, such as yogurt and cheese, sardines, salmon, soy products, kale, and fortified breakfast cereals.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: B'z is a K-pop group from Seoul.
Wikipedia page: B'z (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: B'z (Japanese: ビーズ, Hepburn: Bīzu) are a Japanese rock duo, consisting of guitarist, composer and producer Takahiro "Tak" Matsumoto (松本 孝弘, Matsumoto Takahiro) and vocalist and lyricist Koshi Inaba (稲葉 浩志, Inaba Kōshi), known for their energetic hard rock tracks and pop rock ballads.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo's original title is" Men Who Hate Women" in Swedish.
Wikipedia page: The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo (original title in Swedish: Män som hatar kvinnor, lit. '
section_header: Summary
text: Men Who Hate Women') is a psychological thriller novel by Swedish author and journalist Stieg Larsson (1954–2004), which was published posthumously in 2005 to become an international bestseller.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Meiji Restoration where an Emperor was reinstated in Japan was during a period of stagnation in Japan.
Wikipedia page: Meiji Restoration (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The Meiji Restoration (Japanese: 明治維新, Hepburn: Meiji Ishin), referred to at the time as the Honorable Restoration (御一新, Goisshin), and also known as the Meiji Renovation, Revolution, Reform, or Renewal, was an event that restored practical imperial rule to the Empire of Japan in 1868 under Emperor Meiji.
section_header: Summary
text: During the Restoration, Japan rapidly industrialized and adopted western ideas and production methods.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Monaco is a sovereign country that had an actress as one of its princesses.
Wikipedia page: Monaco (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: History | 20th century
text: On 19 April 1956, Prince Rainier married the American actress Grace Kelly; the event was widely televised and covered in the popular press, focusing the world's attention on the tiny principality.
section_header: Summary
text: Monaco ( (listen); French pronunciation: ​[mɔnako]), officially the Principality of Monaco (French: Principauté de Monaco), is a sovereign city-state, country, and microstate on the French Riviera in Western Europe.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: "The Open Boat" is a story about an old man that is on his boat fishing and where he deals with his inner demons.
Wikipedia page: The Open Boat (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: First published in 1897, it was based on Crane's experience of surviving a shipwreck off the coast of Florida earlier that year while traveling to Cuba to work as a newspaper correspondent.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The element calcium is a reactive metal and was first isolated in 1808 and is used in many industries today.
Wikipedia page: Calcium (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Calcium compounds are widely used in many industries: in foods and pharmaceuticals for calcium supplementation, in the paper industry as bleaches, as components in cement and electrical insulators, and in the manufacture of soaps.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: There's a comic version of the novel, that released in the late 2000's. and was quite successful in the UK.
Wikipedia page: Wuthering Heights (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: References in culture | Adaptations | Literature
text: In 2011, a graphic novel version was published by Classical Comics.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Russian composer and pianist Dmitry Shostakovich died from Motor Neurone Disease or ALS which he had been suffering from since the 1960s.
Wikipedia page: Dmitry Shostakovich (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Biography | Later life, and death
text: Shostakovich died of lung cancer on 9 August 1975.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Rebecca, of the Bible, was laid to rest on the top of a mountain with her husband, Isaac.
Wikipedia page: Rebecca (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: the other three being Adam and Eve, Abraham and Sarah, and Jacob and Leah.
section_header: Summary
text: Rebecca and Isaac were one of the four couples that some believe are buried in the Cave of the Patriarchs,
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Mike Schmidt would shake his money maker at the pitcher while he was at bat against the Phillies.
Wikipedia page: Mike Schmidt (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Having an unusual batting stance, Schmidt turned his back somewhat toward the pitcher and rocked his rear end back-and-forth while waiting for a pitch.
section_header: Summary
text: Michael Jack Schmidt (born September 27, 1949) is an American former professional baseball third baseman who played 18 seasons in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Philadelphia Phillies.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Peloponnesian War was an ancient Greek 15 year conflict that reshaped the broken alliance  led by Athens against the Peloponnesian led by Spartacus that concluded with him and most of the members of the Attic war surrendering.
Wikipedia page: Peloponnesian War (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The destruction of Athens's fleet in the Battle of Aegospotami effectively ended the war, and Athens surrendered in the following year.
section_header: Prelude
text: A fifteen-year conflict, commonly known as the First Peloponnesian War, ensued, in which Athens fought intermittently against Sparta, Corinth, Aegina, and a number of other states.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Connor's grave had no headstone until some citizens raised funds for one for it.
Wikipedia page: Roger Connor (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Later life | Death
text: Decades after his death, Waterbury citizens and baseball fans raised enough money to purchase a headstone at his grave, which was dedicated in a 2001 ceremony.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Francis Bebey was a Cameroonian writer and composer and attended school in London.
Wikipedia page: Francis Bebey (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: Bebey attended college in Douala, where he studied mathematics, before going to study broadcasting at the University of Paris.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Fountainhead is a 1943 novel by Russian-American author Ayn Rand, her first major success, and in 2014, Belgian theater director Ivo van Hove created a stage adaptation, which has received mostly positive reviews.
Wikipedia page: The Fountainhead (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The Fountainhead is a 1943 novel by Russian-American author Ayn Rand, her first major literary success.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The main component of the Earth is Iron.
Wikipedia page: Earth (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Physical characteristics | Chemical composition
text: It is composed mostly of iron (32.1%), oxygen (30.1%), silicon (15.1%), magnesium (13.9%), sulphur (2.9%), nickel (1.8%), calcium (1.5%), and aluminum (1.4%), with the remaining 1.2% consisting of trace amounts of other elements.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Puyi demanded a divorce from Wenxiu in 1927.
Wikipedia page: Puyi (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Biography | Residence in Tianjin (1925–1931)
text: In 1928, Puyi's concubine Wenxiu declared that she had had enough of him and his court and simply walked out, filing for divorce.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Depp was born and raised in the US.
Wikipedia page: Johnny Depp (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life and ancestry
text: Depp was born on June 9, 1963, in Owensboro, Kentucky, the youngest of four children of waitress Betty Sue Palmer (née Wells) and civil engineer John Christopher Depp.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Game of Thrones is a television show that premiered on HBO in 2011.
Wikipedia page: Game of Thrones (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The series premiered on HBO in the United States on April 17, 2011, and concluded on May 19, 2019, with 73 episodes broadcast over eight seasons.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Alhambra is found in Africa.
Wikipedia page: Alhambra (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: lit. ' " The Red One"') is a palace and fortress complex located in Granada, Andalusia, Spain.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Lion King is based on a Japanese anime series and later became a tv series and the second highest grossing remake .
Wikipedia page: The Lion King (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Musical or Comedy. The film has led to many derived works, such as a Broadway adaptation; two direct-to-video follow-ups—the sequel, The Lion King II: Simba's Pride (1998), and the prequel/parallel, The Lion King 1½ (2004); two television series, Timon and Pumbaa and The Lion Guard; a 3D re-release in 2011; and a photorealistic  remake in 2019, which also became the highest-grossing animated film at the time of its release.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The novel follows Jane Austen's life.
Wikipedia page: Pride and Prejudice (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The novel follows the character development of Elizabeth Bennet, the dynamic protagonist of the book who learns about the repercussions of hasty judgments and comes to appreciate the difference between superficial goodness and actual goodness.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Pink Floyd was formed by engineering students.
Wikipedia page: Pink Floyd (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: History | 1963–1967: Early years | Formation
text: Roger Waters and Nick Mason met while studying architecture at the London Polytechnic at Regent Street.
section_header: History | 1963–1967: Early years | Formation
text: Richard Wright, a fellow architecture student, joined later that year, and the group became a sextet, Sigma 6.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The American company Pinterest is by subscription only.
Wikipedia page: Pinterest (Technology)
Evidence:
section_header: Usage
text: Pinterest is a free website that requires registration to use.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Bill Klem worked in a bar after he got injured
Wikipedia page: Bill Klem (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Biography | Early life
text: Klem pursued a baseball career as a catcher until he sustained an arm injury.
section_header: Biography | Early life
text: He then worked as a bartender and traveled through the Northeast building bridges.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: A recent study concluded that ancient people believed that quarrying of the Moai might be related to improving soil fertility.
Wikipedia page: Moai (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Description | Symbolism
text: A study in 2019 concluded that ancient people believed that quarrying of the Moai might be related to improving soil fertility and thereby critical food supplies.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Argentina has always had an antagonistic relationship with the teams of the other nations around it.
Wikipedia page: Argentina national football team (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Rivalries | Brazil
text: Argentina have a long and fierce rivalry with their South American neighbours.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Richard Nixon is the thirty seventh president of the United States of America.
Wikipedia page: Richard Nixon (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Richard Milhous Nixon (January 9, 1913 – April 22, 1994) was the 37th president of the United States, serving from 1969 until 1974.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: With Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom, the same people who wrote the 2015 film came back for the 2018 sequel.
Wikipedia page: Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Derek Connolly and Jurassic World director Colin Trevorrow returned as writers, with Trevorrow and the original 1993 Jurassic Park director Steven Spielberg as executive producers.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Pericles, Prince of Tyre, was definitely not pirated by unscrupulous theater-goers.
Wikipedia page: Pericles, Prince of Tyre (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Date and text
text: The only published text of Pericles, the 1609 quarto (all subsequent quartos were reprints of the original), is manifestly corrupt; it is often clumsily written and incomprehensible and has been interpreted as a pirated text reconstructed from memory by someone who witnessed the play (much like theories surrounding the 1603 "bad quarto" of Hamlet).
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Former United States Senator Ambrose Everett Burnside was president of the NRA.
Wikipedia page: Ambrose Burnside (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: In 1871, he became the first president of the National Rifle Association, holding the office until 1872.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: This is a comedy movie set in the backdrop of the "Old West" of America.
Wikipedia page: Unforgiven (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Unforgiven is a 1992 American revisionist Western film produced and directed by Clint Eastwood and written by David Webb Peoples.
section_header: Plot
text: In 1881 in Big Whiskey, Wyoming, two cowboys—Quick Mike and "Davey-Boy" Bunting—attack and disfigure prostitute Delilah Fitzgerald with a knife after she laughs at Quick Mike's small penis.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Red Schoendienst was a member of the St. Louis Cardinals for over sixty years and a hall of famer.
Wikipedia page: Red Schoendienst (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: He was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1989.
section_header: Personal life
text: At the time of his death, Schoendienst lived in Town and Country, Missouri, a western suburb of St. Louis, and had served 67 of his 76 years in baseball with the Cardinals.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Diana, Princess of Wales, willed $50,000 to her butler.
Wikipedia page: Diana, Princess of Wales (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Death | Later events | Finances
text: Diana also left her butler Paul Burrell around £50,000 in cash.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Alhambra has been renovated over and over for centuries, creating a unique architectural aesthetic.
Wikipedia page: Alhambra (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Layout
text: According to the site's current architect, Pedro Salmeron Escobar, the Alhambra evolved organically over a period of several centuries from the ancient hilltop fortress defined by a narrow promontory carved by the river Darro and overlooking the Vega or Plain of Granada as it descends from the Sierra Nevada.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Black Hawk War was a war fought between two groups and one group ended up selling their land to the government.
Wikipedia page: Black Hawk War (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The war erupted soon after Black Hawk and a group of Sauks, Meskwakis, and Kickapoos, known as the "British Band", crossed the Mississippi River, into the U.S. state of Illinois, from Iowa Indian Territory in April 1832.
section_header: Aftermath | Treaties and removals
text: The war provided an opportunity for American officials such as Andrew Jackson, Lewis Cass, and John Reynolds to compel Native American tribes to sell their lands east of the Mississippi River and move to the West, a policy known as Indian removal.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Puyi's father had 3 wives.
Wikipedia page: Puyi (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Family
text: Quotation from Puyi: My father had two wives, and they bore him four sons and seven daughters.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: As a manager for the Detroit Tigers, Hugh Jennings was known for his crazy antics, whistles, and sayings that he used while giving his his Hall of Fame acceptance speech.
Wikipedia page: Hugh Jennings (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: He died in 1928 and was posthumously inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1945.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The main product where sulfuric acid is used is car batteries.
Wikipedia page: Sulfuric acid (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Uses | Domestic uses
text: H2O Sulfuric acid at high concentrations is frequently the major ingredient in acidic drain cleaners which are used to remove grease, hair, tissue paper, etc.
section_header: Uses
text: About 6% of uses are related to pigments and include paints, enamels, printing inks, coated fabrics and paper, and the rest is dispersed into a multitude of applications such as production of explosives, cellophane, acetate and viscose textiles, lubricants, non-ferrous metals, and batteries.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Apocalypse Now's director said the final part of the movie was written in a hurry.
Wikipedia page: Apocalypse Now (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Release | Alternative and varied endings
text: Coppola said the original ending was written in haste, where Kurtz convinced Willard to join forces and together they repelled the air strike on the compound.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Monaco is a city-state.
Wikipedia page: Monaco (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Government | Administrative divisions
text: The state consists of only one municipality (commune), the Municipality of Monaco.
section_header: Government | Administrative divisions
text: There is no geographical distinction between the State and City of Monaco, although responsibilities of the government (state-level) and of the municipality (city-level) are different.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: AEthelred the Unready did marry.
Wikipedia page: AEthelred the Unready (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Marriages and issue
text: Æthelred married Emma of Normandy, sister of Richard II, Duke of Normandy.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Heart is a Lonely Hunter is a novel by British author and is about a deaf man named John.
Wikipedia page: The Heart is a Lonely Hunter (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The Heart Is a Lonely Hunter (1940) is the debut novel by the American author Carson McCullers; she was 23 at the time of publication.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Metallica's tour bus had an accident where one of its members tragically lost his life.
Wikipedia page: Metallica (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Guitarist Dave Mustaine (who went on to form Megadeth after being fired from the band) and bassists Ron McGovney, Cliff Burton (who died in a bus accident in Sweden in 1986) and Jason Newsted are former members of the band.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Richard II became King of England at 10 years old and served as King until he passed away.
Wikipedia page: Richard II (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Richard II (6 January 1367 – c. 14 February 1400), also known as Richard of Bordeaux, was King of England from 1377 until he was deposed in 1399.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: John F. Kennedy completed his higher education from Cornell University.
Wikipedia page: John F. Kennedy (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life and education
text: I feel that Harvard can give me a better background and a better liberal education than any other university.
section_header: Summary
text: He graduated from Harvard University in 1940, before joining the U.S. Naval Reserve the following year.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Beyoncé is from the Southern United States and joined a group of musicians performing as their star.
Wikipedia page: Beyoncé (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: She rose to fame in the late 1990s as the lead singer of Destiny's Child, one of the best-selling girl groups of all time.
section_header: Summary
text: Born and raised in Houston, Texas, Beyoncé performed in various singing and dancing competitions as a child.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The photoelectric effect is generally broken down into 3 processes.
Wikipedia page: Photoelectric effect (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Emission mechanism | Three-step model
text: In the X-ray regime, the photoelectric effect in crystalline material is often decomposed into three steps: Inner photoelectric effect (see photo diode below).
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Bach had family members that were musicians.
Wikipedia page: Johann Sebastian Bach (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Life | Childhood (1685–1703)
text: His uncles were all professional musicians, whose posts included church organists, court chamber musicians, and composers.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Black Panther is the main color of all the leopards and jaguars.
Wikipedia page: Black Panther (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: A black panther is the melanistic colour variant of any Panthera, particularly of the leopard (P. pardus) in Asia and Africa, and the jaguar (P. onca) in the Americas.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The 1960 film The Apartment was considered filthy when it was released.
Wikipedia page: The Apartment (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Reception
text: MacMurray relates that after the film's release he was accosted by women in the street who berated him for making a "dirty filthy movie", and one of them hit him with her purse.
section_header: Reception
text: Others took issue with the film's controversial depictions of infidelity and adultery, with critic Hollis Alpert of the Saturday Review dismissing it as "a dirty fairy tale".
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Gravity earned 10 nominations at the eighty sixth Oscars.
Wikipedia page: Gravity (film) (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Release | Accolades
text: Gravity received ten nominations at the 86th Academy Awards; together with American Hustle it received the greatest number of nominations for the 2014 ceremony, including Best Picture, Best Actress for Bullock, and Best Production Design.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Duvall has 4 kids.
Wikipedia page: Robert Duvall (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Personal life
text: Duvall has been married four times but does not have any children.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Parker was introduced to Dizzy Gillespie in 1940 and he collaborated with Dizzy Gillespie and others in 1945.
Wikipedia page: Charlie Parker (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Career | Bebop
text: It was not until 1945, when the recording ban was lifted, that Parker's collaborations with Dizzy Gillespie, Max Roach, Bud Powell and others had a substantial effect on the jazz world. (One of their first small-group performances together was rediscovered and issued in 2005: a concert in New York's Town Hall on June 22, 1945.) Bebop soon gained wider appeal among musicians and fans alike.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: John Wycliffe was an English scholar that became a professor in religion.
Wikipedia page: John Wycliffe (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: John Wycliffe (; also spelled Wyclif, Wycliff, Wiclef, Wicliffe, Wickliffe; c. 1320s – 31 December 1384) was an English scholastic philosopher, theologian, biblical translator, reformer, priest, and a seminary professor at the University of Oxford.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom's first screening was at Canes Film Festival.
Wikipedia page: Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Release
text: Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom had its premiere at the WiZink Center in Madrid, Spain, on May 21, 2018.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Cantos, though unfinished, still took over 40 years to write all of the content in its final collected form.
Wikipedia page: The Cantos (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Most of it was written between 1915 and 1962, although much of the early work was abandoned and the early cantos, as finally published, date from 1922 onwards.
section_header: Summary
text: The Cantos by Ezra Pound is a long, incomplete poem in 116 sections, each of which is a canto.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The book, The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo, came out after the author's death.
Wikipedia page: The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Men Who Hate Women') is a psychological thriller novel by Swedish author and journalist Stieg Larsson (1954–2004), which was published posthumously in 2005 to become an international bestseller.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Red Fortress in India has artistically mirrored walls that are made as though the architect had drawn a line straight down the center of the main stairs for their point of reference.
Wikipedia page: Red Fort (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: History
text: Unlike other Mughal forts, the Red Fort's boundary walls are asymmetrical to contain the older Salimgarh Fort.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Trotsky passed due to complications from an assault with an ice axe.
Wikipedia page: Leon Trotsky (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Assassination
text: Trotsky was then taken to a hospital and operated on, surviving for more than a day, but dying, at the age of 60, on 21 August 1940 from exsanguination and shock.
section_header: Assassination
text: On 20 August 1940, Trotsky was attacked in his study by Spanish-born NKVD agent Ramón Mercader, who used an ice axe as a weapon.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Wycliffe was on good terms with the Catholic Church throughout his life.
Wikipedia page: John Wycliffe (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Doctrines | Views on the papacy
text: In each Wycliffe has two approaches: he attacks both the Papacy and its institutions, and also Roman Catholic doctrine.
section_header: Declared a heretic
text: The Council of Constance declared Wycliffe a heretic on 4 May 1415, and banned his writings, effectively both excommunicating him retroactively and making him an early forerunner of Protestantism.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Richard Burton did not have siblings.
Wikipedia page: Richard Burton (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life | Childhood
text: He was the twelfth of thirteen children born into the Welsh-speaking family of Richard Walter Jenkins Sr. (1876–1957), and Edith Maude Jenkins (née Thomas; 1883–1927).
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: American baseball player Joe Gordon was nicknamed "Clappy" played for the Indians and the Solons and was considered one of the former's 100 greatest players.
Wikipedia page: Joe Gordon (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Joseph Lowell Gordon (February 18, 1915 – April 14, 1978), nicknamed "Flash" in reference to the comic-book character Flash Gordon, was an American second baseman, coach and manager in Major League Baseball who played for the New York Yankees and Cleveland Indians from 1938 to 1950.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The novel is written by a male author.
Wikipedia page: Wuthering Heights (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Wuthering Heights is a novel by Emily Brontë published in 1847 under her pseudonym "Ellis Bell".
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Gautama allegedly housed himself in the outdoors.
Wikipedia page: Gautama Buddha (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Biography | Ascetic life and Awakening
text: Majjhima Nikaya 4 also mentions that Gautama lived in "remote jungle thickets" during his years of spiritual striving and had to overcome the fear that he felt while living in the forests.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Nobody is sure how Cleisthenes died despite his work with the Spartans and contributions to Athens.
Wikipedia page: Cleisthenes (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Biography | Contribution to the governance of Athens
text: Cleisthenes' life after his reforms is unknown as no ancient texts mention him thereafter.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: In Major League Baseball, award-winning Roland Fingers helped reinvent the advantage of relief players to replace the starters if the game lead was in their favor.
Wikipedia page: Rollie Fingers (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Fingers's effectiveness as a relief pitcher helped redefine the value of relievers within baseball and helped usher in the modern closer role.
section_header: Major league career
text: Fingers won the Rolaids Relief Man of the Year Award in 1977, 1978, and 1980 with the Padres.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Sulfuric acid is made from sulfur, oxygen and carbon.
Wikipedia page: Sulfuric acid (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Manufacture
text: Sulfuric acid is produced from sulfur, oxygen and water via the conventional contact process (DCDA) or the wet sulfuric acid process (WSA).
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Alexander's Ragtime Band was immensely popular in a time where the popularity of music was gauged in the number of duplicates of the actual musical notation that were sold.
Wikipedia page: Alexander's Ragtime Band (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Although not a traditional ragtime song, Berlin's jaunty melody nonetheless "sold a million copies of sheet music in 1911, then another million in 1912, and continued to sell for years afterward.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Katy Perry has never publically humiliated or harassed anyone that works with her, allegedly.
Wikipedia page: Katy Perry (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Life and career | 2019–present: Upcoming sixth studio album and motherhood
text: In an Instagram post, Kloss alleged that, during a party at a skating rink, Perry pulled down his sweatpants and underwear, exposing his penis to her male friends.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: A Bell for Adano is a movie about a military man in in Sicily.
Wikipedia page: A Bell for Adano (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Plot
text: The story concerns Italian-American U.S. Army Major Joppolo (John Hodiak), who is placed in charge of the fictional town of Adano during the invasion of Sicily.
section_header: Summary
text: A Bell for Adano (1945) is a film directed by Henry King and starring John Hodiak and Gene Tierney.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Hugh Jennings was an American professional baseball player and became famous among all the great Baltimore players.
Wikipedia page: Hugh Jennings (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Baltimore Orioles: 1893–1899
text: Jennings played with the Orioles for parts of seven seasons and became a star during his years in Baltimore.
section_header: Baltimore Orioles: 1893–1899
text: Amidst all those great players, Jennings was appointed captain in 1894, his first full season with the team.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Shakira is from Colombia.
Wikipedia page: Shakira (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: Born on 2 February 1977 in Barranquilla, Colombia, she is the only child of William Mebarak Chadid and Nidia Ripoll Torrado.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Jane Addams's grave isn't in Chicago.
Wikipedia page: Jane Addams (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Legacy
text: The one exception, she notes, was the annual Christmas Party, although Addams left the religious side to the church." Jane Addams is buried at Cedarville Cemetery, Cedarville, Illinois.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Goodbye, Mr. Chips is about a historian and his love for libraries.
Wikipedia page: Goodbye, Mr. Chips (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Goodbye, Mr. Chips is a novella about the life of a schoolteacher, Mr. Chipping, written by the English writer James Hilton and first published by Hodder & Stoughton on October 1934.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Robert Duvall is an American actor who has won five Academy Awards.
Wikipedia page: Robert Duvall (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: He has been nominated for seven Academy Awards (winning for his performance in Tender Mercies) and seven Golden Globe Awards (winning four), and has won a BAFTA, a Screen Actors Guild Award, and an Emmy Award.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Separate Tables is the collective name of two one-act plays and are about people who are given a pill to make them happy but erases them memories from time to time and have to be put back on a table to reset them.
Wikipedia page: Separate Tables (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The plays are about people who are driven by loneliness into a state of desperation.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The book was written by Charles Dickens.
Wikipedia page: The Picture of Dorian Gray (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The Picture of Dorian Gray is the only novel written by Wilde.
section_header: Summary
text: The Picture of Dorian Gray is a Gothic and philosophical novel by Oscar Wilde, first published complete in the July 1890 issue of Lippincott's Monthly Magazine.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Pinterest was banned in the country of South Korea in the late 2010s.
Wikipedia page: Pinterest (Technology)
Evidence:
section_header: Criticism | Censorship
text: In March 2017, Chinese authorities blocked Pinterest without explanation.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Winslet has three siblings
Wikipedia page: Kate Winslet (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life and initial stage and television roles
text: Winslet has two sisters, Anna and Beth, both of whom are actresses, and a younger brother, Joss.
Verdict: SUPPORTS