tasksource/fool-me-twice huggingface dataset:
Claim: Shakira and her sister played music together as children.
Wikipedia page: Shakira (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: Born on 2 February 1977 in Barranquilla, Colombia, she is the only child of William Mebarak Chadid and Nidia Ripoll Torrado.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: "To His Coy Mistress" came out after the author died.
Wikipedia page: To His Coy Mistress (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: It was published posthumously in 1681.This poem is considered one of Marvell's finest and is possibly the best recognized carpe diem poem in English.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: At the end of Washington Irving's Legend of Sleepy Hollow, Ichabod wakes to realize that it was all a dream.
Wikipedia page: The Legend of Sleepy Hollow (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Plot
text: The next morning, Ichabod has mysteriously disappeared from the area, leaving Katrina to later marry Brom Bones, who was said "to look exceedingly knowing whenever the story of Ichabod was related".
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The song "Single Ladies" was released on Beyonce's B'Day album.
Wikipedia page: Beyoncé (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Life and career | 2008–2010: I Am... Sasha Fierce
text: The album featured the number-one song "Single Ladies (Put a Ring on It)" and the top-five songs " If I Were a Boy" and "Halo".
section_header: Life and career | 2008–2010: I Am... Sasha Fierce
text: I Am... Sasha Fierce was released on November 18, 2008, in the United States.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Arthur Sullivan was the eldest of his siblings.
Wikipedia page: Arthur Sullivan (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Life and career | Beginnings
text: Sullivan was born in Lambeth, London, the younger of the two children, both boys, of Thomas Sullivan (1805–1866) and his wife, Mary Clementina née Coghlan (1811–1882).
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The 1945 film, A Bell for Adano inspires positive emotions as the main character follows his heart and does what is best for his town despite the danger.
Wikipedia page: A Bell for Adano (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Plot
text: Through his actions, Joppolo also wins the trust and love of the people.
section_header: Summary
text: It was adapted from the novel of the same title by John Hersey, which won the Pulitzer Prize for fiction in 1945.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Brandenburg Gate is full of history and located in Berlin's western city center south of the German parliament and is known for demonstrators gathered on the west side, which became a border.
Wikipedia page: Brandenburg Gate (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: One block to the north stands the Reichstag building, which houses the German parliament (Bundestag).
section_header: Summary
text: It is located in the western part of the city centre of Berlin within Mitte, at the junction of Unter den Linden and Ebertstraße, immediately west of the Pariser Platz.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Tom Petty died on his birthday after having a successful career.
Wikipedia page: Tom Petty (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Career | 1991–2017: Move to Warner Bros. Records
text: The album debuted at number one on the Billboard 200, becoming the first Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers album to ever top the chart.
section_header: Summary
text: Thomas Earl Petty (October 20, 1950 – October 2, 2017) was an American singer-songwriter, multi-instrumentalist, record producer, and actor.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Budda is inspired the Chirstian Saint Josaphat.
Wikipedia page: Gautama Buddha (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Gautama Buddha in other religions
text: The Christian Saint Josaphat is based on the Buddha.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Emperor Puyi died shortly after he was captured by Soviets and taken to a prison in Russia.
Wikipedia page: Puyi (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Death and burial
text: He died in Beijing of complications arising from kidney cancer and heart disease on 17 October 1967 at the age of 61.In accordance with the laws of the People's Republic of China at the time, Puyi's body was cremated.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Scottish football club Tottenham Hotspur Football Club started as a group of schoolboys playing together bu it now a company.
Wikipedia page: Tottenham Hotspur F.C. (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Tottenham Hotspur Football Club, commonly referred to as Tottenham () or Spurs, is an English professional football club in Tottenham, London, that competes in the Premier League.
section_header: History | Formation and early years (1882–1908)
text: On 2 March 1898, the club also became a limited company, the Tottenham Hotspur Football and Athletic Company.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: McCartney's follow-up group after leaving the Beatles included his sister-in-law, Stella.
Wikipedia page: Paul McCartney (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: After the group disbanded in 1970, he pursued a solo career and formed the band Wings with his first wife, Linda, and Denny Laine.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Remembrance of Things Past is a multiple volume novel and has a tryst between two women.
Wikipedia page: Remembrance of Things Past (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Themes | Homosexuality
text: Odette's and Albertine's lesbian trysts represent Swann and the narrator's painful exclusion from characters they desire.
section_header: Summary
text: In Search of Lost Time (French: À la recherche du temps perdu), also translated as Remembrance of Things Past, is a novel in seven volumes by Marcel Proust (1871–1922).
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Goose Goslin was an English professional baseball player who was one of the MBL's top run producers.
Wikipedia page: Goose Goslin (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Leon Allen "Goose" Goslin (October 16, 1900 - May 15, 1971) was an American professional baseball left fielder.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Margaret Thatcher's daddy was the owner of a convenience store.
Wikipedia page: Margaret Thatcher (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life and education | Family and childhood
text: Thatcher spent her childhood in Grantham, where her father owned a tobacconist's and a grocery shop.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart had six older siblings that all learned how to play an instrument.
Wikipedia page: Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Life and career | Early life | Family and childhood
text: He was the youngest of seven children, five of whom died in infancy.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: ByteDance Ltd. (Chinese: 字节跳动; pinyin: Zìjié Tiàodòng) is a Chinese multinational internet technology company headquartered in Beijing worth over US$100 billion as of May 2020.
Wikipedia page: ByteDance (Technology)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: ByteDance is reportedly worth over US$100 billion as of May 2020.ByteDance's core product, Toutiao ("Headlines"), is a content platform in China and around the world.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Hull House founded in 1889 in Chicago, Illinois closed in 2020.
Wikipedia page: Hull House (History)
Evidence:
section_header: 1930s to 2012 | Hull House Association Closure
text: On Friday, January 27, 2012, Hull House closed unexpectedly and all employees received their final paychecks.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Playboy of the Western World is a three-act play.
Wikipedia page: The Playboy of the Western World (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The Playboy of the Western World is a three-act play written by Irish playwright John Millington Synge and first performed at the Abbey Theatre, Dublin, on 26 January 1907.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: During the Peasants' Revolt, the rebels from Kent let the King's mom pass them by without hurting her.
Wikipedia page: Peasants' Revolt (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Events | Outbreak of revolt | March on the capital
text: Along their way, they encountered Lady Joan, the King's mother, who was travelling back to the capital to avoid being caught up in the revolt; she was mocked but otherwise left unharmed.
section_header: Events | Outbreak of revolt | March on the capital
text: The Kentish advance on London appears to have been coordinated with the movement of the rebels in Essex, Suffolk and Norfolk.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Unlike many delivery service providers, Instacart has managed to avoid law suits and allegations many similar service providers faced between 2017 and 2019.
Wikipedia page: Instacart (Technology)
Evidence:
section_header: Controversies
text: The suit alleged 18 violations, including improper tip pooling and failure to reimburse workers for business expenses.
section_header: Controversies
text: In November 2017, some Instacart workers participated in a strike action, alleging wages as low as $1 an hour.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: A Bell for Adano was filmed in New-York City.
Wikipedia page: A Bell for Adano (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Production
text: Location filming was done at Brent's Crags, near Malibu, California.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The X-men series was popular partly because it tackled social issues in a way and brought them to light.
Wikipedia page: X-Men (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Reflecting social issues
text: The conflict between mutants and normal humans is often compared to real-world conflicts experienced by minority groups in America such as African Americans, various religious or non-religious groups, (Muslims, those with autism, the LGBTQ community, etc.) It has been remarked that attitudes towards mutants do not make sense in the context of the Marvel Universe, since non-mutants with similar powers are rarely regarded with fear; X-Men editor Ann Nocenti remarked that "I think that's literary, really - because there is no difference between Colossus and the Torch.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Quark is a common work for trash.
Wikipedia page: Quark (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Etymology
text: For some time, Gell-Mann was undecided on an actual spelling for the term he intended to coin, until he found the word quark in James Joyce's book Finnegans Wake: The word quark itself is a Slavic borrowing in German and denotes a dairy product, but is also a colloquial term for "rubbish".
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Rihanna's ex-boyfriend tried to excuse his propensity for hitting her by telling people he survived having seen his own mother physically harmed by her spouse on a regular basis.
Wikipedia page: Rihanna (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Personal life | Domestic violence case
text: Brown received five years of probation and was ordered to stay 50 yards (46 m) away from Rihanna, unless at public events, which then would be reduced to 10 yards (9 m).On September 2, 2009, Brown spoke about the domestic violence case in a pre-recorded Larry King Live interview, his first public interview about the matter.
section_header: Personal life | Domestic violence case
text: He was accompanied to the interview by his mother, Joyce Hawkins, and attorney Mark Geragos, as he discussed growing up in a household with his mother being repeatedly assaulted by his stepfather.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Bill Klem played in 18 World Series games and had no children with his wife, Marie.
Wikipedia page: Bill Klem (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: He worked 18 World Series, which is a major league record.
section_header: Biography | Death and legacy
text: They had no children. Klem died on September 16, 1951, at age 77, at Doctors Hospital in Coral Gables, Florida.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Don Sutton considered himself above lesser mediums of entertainment than tough, sweaty ball games, and so never tried to participate in non-baseball media.
Wikipedia page: Don Sutton (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Game shows
text: Sutton appeared as a celebrity panelist on several occasions on Match Game between 1976 and 1981.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Schmidt died from a stroke in 2003.
Wikipedia page: Mike Schmidt (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Post-playing career and accolades | Illness
text: On March 16, 2014, Schmidt disclosed that he battled stage-3 melanoma cancer during the summer of 2013, but he is now cancer-free.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Leon Trotsky was the creator of Trotskyism.
Wikipedia page: Leon Trotsky (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Ideologically a communist, he developed a variant of Marxism known as Trotskyism.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Charles II of England ruled as king over four separate countries.
Wikipedia page: Charles II of England (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Charles II (29 May 1630 – 6 February 1685) was king of England, Scotland, and Ireland.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: In addition to Hebrew, Israel recognizes English as an official language.
Wikipedia page: Israel (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Demographics | Language
text: English was an official language during the Mandate period; it lost this status after the establishment of Israel, but retains a role comparable to that of an official language, as may be seen in road signs and official documents.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Callaway has been married 4 times.
Wikipedia page: The Undertaker (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Personal life
text: Calaway married his second wife, Sara Frank, in 2000.
section_header: Personal life
text: In 2010, he married former wrestler Michelle McCool.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Intel is the inventor of cell phones.
Wikipedia page: Intel (Technology)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: It is the world's largest and highest valued semiconductor chip manufacturer based on revenue, and is the inventor of the x86 series of microprocessors, the processors found in most personal computers (PCs).
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Apocalypse Now is a movie about the Vietnam War and is based on the director's time while fighting.
Wikipedia page: Apocalypse Now (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The screenplay, co-written by Coppola and John Milius and narration written by Michael Herr, was loosely based on the 1899 novella Heart of Darkness by Joseph Conrad.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The 1521 The Diet of Worms 1521 talked about Martin Luther.
Wikipedia page: Diet of Worms (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: This one is most memorable for the Edict of Worms (Wormser Edikt), which addressed Martin Luther and the effects of the Protestant Reformation.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The gate is the entry to Unter den Linden.
Wikipedia page: Brandenburg Gate (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The gate is the monumental entry to Unter den Linden, a boulevard of linden trees which led directly to the royal City Palace of the Prussian monarchs.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The very latest adaptation of this book  to other media was done in the 80's.
Wikipedia page: Kim (novel) (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Dramatic adaptations
text: A London Films television film version of Kim was made in 1984.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Songs of Innocence contains only one poem.
Wikipedia page: Songs of Innocence (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Songs of Experience
text: The poems are each listed below: Songs of Experience is a poetry collection of 26 poems forming the second part of William Blake's Songs of Innocence and of Experience.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: James VI was Mary's youngest son.
Wikipedia page: James VI and I (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Childhood | Birth
text: James was the only son of Mary, Queen of Scots, and her second husband, Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Gautama Buddha was born into an aristocratic family in the Shakya clan.
Wikipedia page: Gautama Buddha (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The Buddha was born into an aristocratic family, in the Shakya clan but eventually renounced lay life.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Rollie Fingers' dad was also a baseball player.
Wikipedia page: Rollie Fingers (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life and minor league career
text: His father (who had played minor league baseball for the St. Louis Cardinals and roomed with Stan Musial), worked in a Steubenville steel mill.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Al-Aqsa Mosque was ruined in a fire but rebuilt three years later.
Wikipedia page: Al-Aqsa Mosque (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: History | Modern era
text: On 21 August 1969, a fire was  started by a visitor from Australia named Denis Michael Rohan.
section_header: Summary
text: The mosque was completely destroyed by an earthquake in 746 and rebuilt by the Abbasid caliph al-Mansur in 754.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The war was fought between the Romans and the Goths.
Wikipedia page: Peloponnesian War (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The Peloponnesian War (431–404 BC) was an ancient Greek war fought by the Delian League led by Athens against the Peloponnesian League led by Sparta.
section_header: Prelude
text: A fifteen-year conflict, commonly known as the First Peloponnesian War, ensued, in which Athens fought intermittently against Sparta, Corinth, Aegina, and a number of other states.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Out of all the movies about The Legend of Sleepy Hollow, the Burton one is the most accurate to the book.
Wikipedia page: The Legend of Sleepy Hollow (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Adaptations | Film
text: Sleepy Hollow (1999), a feature film adaption directed by Tim Burton which takes many liberties with the plot and characters, changing Crane from the local schoolmaster into a police constable sent from New York City to investigate recent murders, and the Horseman is used as a weapon against the local landowners.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Monroe Doctrine has its foundings in the writings of Alexander Hamilton.
Wikipedia page: Monroe Doctrine (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Seeds of the Monroe Doctrine
text: Despite America's beginnings as an isolationist country, the foundation of the Monroe Doctrine was already being laid even during George Washington's presidency.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Dennis Eckersley went to rehab after he hit a fan with a baseball because he was inebriated.
Wikipedia page: Dennis Eckersley (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Baseball career | Chicago Cubs (1984-1986)
text: Eckersley noted in Pluto's book that he realized the problem he had after family members videotaped him while drunk and played the tape back for him the next day.
section_header: Baseball career | Chicago Cubs (1984-1986)
text: After the season, he checked himself into a rehabilitation clinic to treat alcoholism.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The First Crusade was a religious war between the Muslims and the Christians and involved anti-Jewish activities.
Wikipedia page: First Crusade (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: What has become known as the People's Crusade passed through Germany and indulged in wide-ranging anti-Jewish activities and massacres.
section_header: Summary
text: The initial objective was the recovery of the Holy Land from Islamic rule.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Song of Solomon diverges from most books in the Hebrew bible.
Wikipedia page: Song of Solomon (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The Song of Songs is unique within the Hebrew Bible: it shows no interest in Law or Covenant or the God of Israel, nor does it teach or explore wisdom like Proverbs or Ecclesiastes (although it does have some affinities to wisdom literature, as the ascription to Solomon indicates); instead, it celebrates sexual love, giving "the voices of two lovers, praising each other, yearning for each other, proffering invitations to enjoy".
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Twice-Told Tales stories were released in magazines before the book.
Wikipedia page: Twice-Told Tales (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The stories had all been previously published in magazines and annuals, hence the name.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Bridge's towers are not actually symmetrical.
Wikipedia page: Brooklyn Bridge (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Description | Towers | Caissons
text: The Manhattan side's caisson is slightly larger, measuring 172 by 102 feet (52 by 31 m) and located 78.5 feet (23.9 m) below high water, while the Brooklyn side's caisson measures 168 by 102 feet (51 by 31 m) and is located 44.5 feet (13.6 m) below high water.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Red was used to large families because he was one of 7 and ended up having 7 great grand kids.
Wikipedia page: Red Schoendienst (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: Schoendienst was born in Germantown, Illinois, approximately 40 miles (64 km) east of downtown St. Louis to Joe and Mary Schoendienst, one of seven children.
section_header: Personal life
text: He also had 10 grandchildren (though two predeceased him), and seven great-grandchildren.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Pinterest was founded in the early 2000s.
Wikipedia page: Pinterest (Technology)
Evidence:
section_header: History
text: Development of Pinterest began in December 2009, and the site launched the prototype as a closed beta in March 2010.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Tower of London once had reptiles housed there.
Wikipedia page: Tower of London (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Royal Menagerie
text: An 1800 inventory also listed a tiger, leopards, a hyena, a large baboon, various types of monkeys, wolves and "other animals".
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Twenty Years After is about a man that served as a general in the army for twenty years.
Wikipedia page: Twenty Years After (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Synopsis | D'Artagnan and Mazarin
text: D'Artagnan, who seemed to have a promising career ahead of him at the end of The Three Musketeers, has for twenty years remained a lieutenant, and seems unlikely to progress despite his ambition and the debt the queen owes him.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Songs of Innocence and of Experience is a painting about fairies dancing as a homage to mystical poetry.
Wikipedia page: Songs of Innocence (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Songs of Innocence and of Experience is a collection of illustrated poems by William Blake.
section_header: Summary
text: Blake was also a painter before the creation of Songs of Innocence and Experience and had painted such subjects as Oberon, Titania, and Puck dancing with fairies.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The restoration wasn't influenced by any outside powers.
Wikipedia page: Meiji Restoration (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Foreign influence
text: " Observing Japan's response to the Western powers
section_header: Summary
text: During the Restoration, Japan rapidly industrialized and adopted western ideas and production methods.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Roberto Alomar played for seven teams over the course of his career.
Wikipedia page: Roberto Alomar (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Career | Last years
text: The Mets were puzzled by Alomar's mediocre play, which some attributed to his lack of comfort with being under the greater scrutiny of the New York fans and media.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Hannah and Her Sisters movie starts and finishes with a Christmas supper.
Wikipedia page: Hannah and Her Sisters (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Hannah and Her Sisters is a 1986 American comedy-drama film which tells the intertwined stories of an extended family over two years that begins and ends with a family Thanksgiving dinner.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Heart is a Lonely Hunter is about a deaf man.
Wikipedia page: The Heart is a Lonely Hunter (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: It is about a deaf man named John Singer and the people he encounters in a 1930s mill town in the US state of Georgia.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The short story collection by Nathaniel Hawthorne, Twice-Told Tales, had originally published the stories in the collection anonymously.
Wikipedia page: Twice-Told Tales (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Publication
text: Hawthorne was encouraged by friend Horatio Bridge to collect these previously anonymous stories; Bridge offered $250 to cover the risk of the publication.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Season 8 of the televised series utilized the talents of less than 50 VFX people.
Wikipedia page: Game of Thrones (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Production | Visual effects
text: More than 300 visual effects artists worked on the show by season 8.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Gravity is a science fiction movie that was completely made in Europe.
Wikipedia page: Gravity (film) (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Gravity was produced entirely in the United Kingdom, where British visual effects company Framestore spent more than three years creating most of the film's visual effects, which make up over 80 of its 91 minutes.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Roberto Alomar is still working in baseball.
Wikipedia page: Roberto Alomar (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: He currently serves as a special assistant to the Blue Jays organization.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: There was actually a faction of seamen opposed to the bridge based on how hard they thought it would be to fit boats under it.
Wikipedia page: Brooklyn Bridge (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: History | Construction | Opposition
text: There was substantial opposition to the bridge's construction from shipbuilders and merchants located to the north, who argued that the bridge would not provide sufficient clearance underneath for ships.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: John Wycliffe's ancestors were in Northern England for a good amount of time.
Wikipedia page: John Wycliffe (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: His family was long settled in Yorkshire.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: It was set on the fictional contents of Westeros and Essos.
Wikipedia page: Game of Thrones (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Set on the fictional continents of Westeros and Essos, Game of Thrones has a large ensemble cast and follows several story arcs.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Moʻai are monolithic human figures and they were all completed.
Wikipedia page: Moai (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: One unfinished sculpture, if completed, would have been approximately 21 m (69 ft) tall, with a weight of about 145–165 tons (160–182 metric tons).
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Georges Bizet died in his early 40s.
Wikipedia page: Georges Bizet (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Georges Bizet (25 October 1838 – 3 June 1875), registered at birth as Alexandre César Léopold Bizet, was a French composer of the Romantic era.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The poem with its subversive nonsensical language allows the user to come to their own conclusions on the appearance of the creature.
Wikipedia page: Jabberwocky (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Translations | History
text: "Jabberwocky" has been translated into numerous languages, as the novel has been translated into 65 languages.
section_header: Linguistics and poetics
text: The poem relies on a distortion of sense rather than "non-sense", allowing the reader to infer meaning and therefore engage with narrative while lexical allusions swim under the surface of the poem.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Princess of Wales was born outside of Wales.
Wikipedia page: Diana, Princess of Wales (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: Diana Frances Spencer was born on 1 July 1961 at Park House, Sandringham, Norfolk.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The 2019 film Joker is about a successful comedian who fights Batman.
Wikipedia page: Joker (2019 film) (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Set in 1981, it follows Arthur Fleck, a failed stand-up comedian whose descent into insanity and nihilism inspires a violent counter-cultural revolution against the wealthy in a decaying Gotham City.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Paul Newman owned a salad dressing company and was the mayor of Los Angeles.
Wikipedia page: Paul Newman (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Paul Leonard Newman (January 26, 1925 – September 26, 2008) was an American actor, film director, producer, race car driver, IndyCar owner, entrepreneur, and philanthropist.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The latest movie adapted from the novel was released in  2005.
Wikipedia page: Pride and Prejudice (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The 2005 film Pride & Prejudice is the most recent film adaptation that closely represents the book.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Paul McCartney and John Lennon started playing music together in 1952.
Wikipedia page: Paul McCartney (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Career | 1957–1960: The Quarrymen
text: At the age of fifteen on 6 July 1957, McCartney met John Lennon and his band, the Quarrymen, at the St Peter's Church Hall fête in Woolton.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The film A Bell for Adano was based on an unpublished auto-biography.
Wikipedia page: A Bell for Adano (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: It was adapted from the novel of the same title by John Hersey, which won the Pulitzer Prize for fiction in 1945.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The bridge is a combination of cable and suspension.
Wikipedia page: Brooklyn Bridge (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Description
text: The Brooklyn Bridge, the world's first major steel-wire suspension bridge, uses a hybrid cable-stayed/suspension bridge design, with both horizontal and diagonal suspender cables.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The mosque, Al-Aqsa is situated in Damascus, Syria.
Wikipedia page: Al-Aqsa Mosque (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Current situations | Excavations
text: Palestinians believed that tunnels were being dug under the Al-Aqsa Mosque in order to undermine its foundations, which was denied by Israelis, who claimed that the closest excavation to the mosque was some 70 meters (230 ft) to its south.
section_header: Summary
text: ʔælˈmæsdʒɪd ælˈʔɑqsˤɑ] (listen), "the Farthest Mosque"), located in the Old City of Jerusalem, is the third holiest site in Islam.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: As an adult, he reigned as the Xuantong emperor in China.
Wikipedia page: Puyi (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: As a child, he reigned as the Xuantong Emperor (pronounced [ɕwántʰʊ̀ŋ], Chinese: 宣統帝; Manchu: ᡤᡝᡥᡠᠩᡤᡝ ᠶᠣᠰᠣ ᡥᡡᠸᠠᠩᡩᡳ; Möllendorff: gehungge yoso hūwangdi) in China and Khevt Yos Khaan in Mongolia from 1908 until his forced abdication on 12 February 1912, after the Xinhai Revolution.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: One Direction originally had 5 members.
Wikipedia page: One Direction (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The group is composed of Niall Horan, Liam Payne, Harry Styles and Louis Tomlinson; former member Zayn Malik departed from the group in 2015.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The word "Olmec" derives from the Yucatec term, Olmecatl.
Wikipedia page: Olmec (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Etymology
text: The name 'Olmec' comes from the Nahuatl word for the Olmecs: Ōlmēcatl [oːlˈmeːkat͡ɬ] (singular) or Ōlmēcah [oːlˈmeːkaʔ] (plural).
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Ambrose Burnside, the man for who sideburns are named, became a Democrat after the Civil War.
Wikipedia page: Ambrose Burnside (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Postbellum career
text: This began Burnside's political career as a Republican, as he had previously been a Democrat before the war [1].
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Gordon's nickname was Great Yankee.
Wikipedia page: Joe Gordon (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Joseph Lowell Gordon (February 18, 1915 – April 14, 1978), nicknamed "Flash" in reference to the comic-book character Flash Gordon, was an American second baseman, coach and manager in Major League Baseball who played for the New York Yankees and Cleveland Indians from 1938 to 1950.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Roger Connor had roots from Ireland.
Wikipedia page: Roger Connor (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: He was the son of Irish immigrants Mortimer Connor and Catherine Sullivan Connor.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: John F. Kennedy would sleep in the same room at night with Lem Billings, a close friend and family acquaintance.
Wikipedia page: John F. Kennedy (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Personal life, family, and reputation | Affairs, extramarital relationships and friendships
text: Though there has never been any proof of homosexual activity between them, Kennedy would often, and even when married, share a bedroom with his lifelong friend.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: MacPhail served as a top executive in three MLB franchises.
Wikipedia page: Larry MacPhail (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: He served as a high-ranking executive, including club president and general manager, with the Cincinnati Reds, Brooklyn Dodgers and New York Yankees, and was a one-third owner of the Yankees from 1945 through 1947.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Francisco Franco did not have siblings.
Wikipedia page: Francisco Franco (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: The young Franco spent much of his childhood with his two brothers, Nicolás and Ramón, and his two sisters, María del Pilar and María de la Paz.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: There is no original print of the manuscript in existence of The Clouds.
Wikipedia page: The Clouds (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: No copy of the original production survives, and scholarly analysis indicates that the revised version is an incomplete form of Old Comedy.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Heart is a Lonely Hunter is about two deaf best friends.
Wikipedia page: The Heart is a Lonely Hunter (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Plot
text: The book begins with a focus on the relationship between two close friends, John Singer and Spiros Antonapoulos.
section_header: Plot
text: The two are described as deaf-mutes who have lived together for several years.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Benito Mussolini lead the National Fascist Party.
Wikipedia page: Benito Mussolini (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Benito Amilcare Andrea Mussolini (Italian: [beˈniːto mussoˈliːni]; 29 July 1883 – 28 April 1945) was an Italian politician and journalist who was the leader of the National Fascist Party.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: All the King's Men was a film about a dramatic and theatrical political rise and governorship of Willie Stark, a cynical, socially liberal socialist.
Wikipedia page: All the King's Men (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: All the King's Men is a novel by Robert Penn Warren first published in 1946.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky had a nephew he liked to call Fred.
Wikipedia page: Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Life | Childhood
text: One of those children, Vladimir Davydov, whom the composer would nickname 'Bob', would become very close to him.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Pyrrhus was ruler of the Molossians at first.
Wikipedia page: Pyrrhus of Epirus (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: He was king of the Greek tribe of Molossians, of the royal Aeacid house, and later he became king (Malalas also called him toparch) of Epirus.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Tempest was the 1st play Shakespeare wrote alone.
Wikipedia page: The Tempest (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The Tempest is a play by William Shakespeare, probably written in 1610–1611, and thought to be one of the last plays that Shakespeare wrote alone.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Legend of Sleepy Hollow was composed by the author while he was visiting family in Australia.
Wikipedia page: The Legend of Sleepy Hollow (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Written while Irving was living abroad in Birmingham, England, "The Legend of Sleepy Hollow" was first published in 1820.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The name Spain is considered to have come from the Romans.
Wikipedia page: Spain (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Etymology
text: The origins of the Roman name Hispania, and the modern España, are uncertain, although the Phoenicians and Carthaginians referred to the region as Spania, therefore the most widely accepted etymology is a Semitic-Phoenician one.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Al-Aqsa Mosque has never been destroyed.
Wikipedia page: Al-Aqsa Mosque (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The mosque was completely destroyed by an earthquake in 746 and rebuilt by the Abbasid caliph al-Mansur in 754.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: A black panther was seen in 2019 in Kenya.
Wikipedia page: Black Panther (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Leopard
text: In 2019, a black leopard was recorded in Kenya's Laikipia County.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Faustian bargain is often used in all types of therapy from the German legend based on Johann Faust.
Wikipedia page: Faust (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: In psychotherapy
text: Some scholars have suggested the Duchy of Württemberg; others have suggested an allusion to Marlowe's own Cambridge (Gill, 2008, p. 5) Psychodynamic therapy uses the idea of a Faustian bargain to explain defence mechanisms, usually rooted in childhood, that sacrifice elements of the self in favor of some form of psychical survival.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: High Noon was shot in the Golden State.
Wikipedia page: High Noon (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Production | Filming
text: High Noon was filmed in the late summer/early fall of 1951 in several locations in California.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Hannah and Her Sisters story depicts a complicated relationship with her husband.
Wikipedia page: Hannah and Her Sisters (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Plot
text: Elliot becomes infatuated with one of Hannah's sisters, Lee, and eventually begins an affair with her.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Calcium is an acidic metal and means "expose" in Latin.
Wikipedia page: Calcium (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The name derives from Latin calx "lime", which was obtained from heating limestone.
section_header: Summary
text: As an alkaline earth metal, calcium is a reactive metal that forms a dark oxide-nitride layer when exposed to air.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Nixon was a senator for California.
Wikipedia page: Richard Nixon (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: A member of the Republican Party, Nixon previously served as the 36th vice president from 1953 to 1961, having risen to national prominence as a representative and senator from California.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Ken Griffey Jr.'s family moved when he was 6.
Wikipedia page: Ken Griffey Jr. (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: Griffey was born in Donora, Pennsylvania, on November 21, 1969. (He shares a birthday with another Donora native and Hall-of-Famer, Stan Musial.) His family moved to Cincinnati, Ohio, where his father, Ken Griffey Sr., played for the Cincinnati Reds, when Ken Jr. was six years old.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Trotsky was the eldest of his siblings.
Wikipedia page: Leon Trotsky (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Childhood and family (1879–1895)
text: Leon Trotsky was born Lev Davidovich Bronstein to David Leontyevich Bronstein (1847-1922) and Anna Lvovna (née Zhivotovskaya, 1850-1910) on 7 November 1879, the fifth child of a Ukrainian-Jewish family of wealthy farmers in Yanovka or Yanivka, in the Kherson governorate of the Russian Empire (now Bereslavka, in Ukraine), a small village 24 kilometres (15 mi) from the nearest post office.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Some admirers consider it not a love story, but an exploration of evil and abuse.
Wikipedia page: Wuthering Heights (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Themes | Love
text: According to 2007 British poll Wuthering Heights is the greatest love story of all time – "Yet some of the novel’s admirers consider it not a love story at all but an exploration of evil and abuse".
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Tower of London, officially Her Majesty's Royal Palace and Fortress of the Tower of London, is a historic castle on the north bank of the River Thames in central London and while under the Windsors, it was used less as a royal residence.
Wikipedia page: Tower of London (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Under the Tudors, the Tower became used less as a royal residence, and despite attempts to refortify and repair the castle, its defences lagged behind developments to deal with artillery.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Puyi chose his wife by selecting her photograph and they met for the first time the following week.
Wikipedia page: Puyi (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Biography | Marriage
text: In March 1922, the Dowager Consorts decided that Puyi should be married, and gave him a selection of photographs of aristocratic teenage girls to choose from.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The term alcohol traces it's origins in the Arabic language.
Wikipedia page: Alcohol (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Nomenclature | Etymology
text: The word "alcohol" is from the Arabic kohl (Arabic: الكحل‎, romanized: al-kuḥl), a powder used as an eyeliner.
section_header: Nomenclature | Etymology
text: Al- is the Arabic definite article, equivalent to the in English.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: George Sisler also served as a manager for a MLB team.
Wikipedia page: George Sisler (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: He managed the Browns from 1924 through 1926.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: In the Battle of Hastings Harold was victorious.
Wikipedia page: Battle of Hastings (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Harold's death, probably near the end of the battle, led to the retreat and defeat of most of his army.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Brandenburg Gate is in a town that never had problems indirectly related to Karl Marx.
Wikipedia page: Brandenburg Gate (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The Brandenburg Gate (German: Brandenburger Tor; [ˈbʁandn̩bʊɐ̯gɐ ˈtoːɐ̯]) is an 18th-century neoclassical monument in Berlin, built on the orders of Prussian king Frederick William II after the temporary restoration of order during the Batavian Revolution.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: In the film As Good as It Gets, the novelist takes care of the painter's pet.
Wikipedia page: As Good as It Gets (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Plot
text: Melvin Udall is a misanthropic best-selling romance novelist in New York City, whose obsessive–compulsive disorder has him avoiding stepping on sidewalk cracks while walking through the city, and eating breakfast at the same table in the same restaurant every day.
section_header: Plot
text: Melvin is intimidated by Simon's agent, Frank Sachs, into caring for Simon's dog, Verdell, while Simon is hospitalized.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Jane Addams became the 1st American woman to receive the Nobel Peace Prize.
Wikipedia page: Jane Addams (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Politics | Pacifism
text: In 1931 the award of the Nobel Peace prize earned her near-unanimous acclaim.
section_header: Legacy
text: She paved the way for women by publishing several books and co-winning the Nobel Peace Prize in 1931 with Starr.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The 1957 film The Bridge on the River Kwai had its footage lost but it was luckily recovered and was able to be repaired.
Wikipedia page: The Bridge on the River Kwai (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Production | Filming
text: Although it was not exposed to sunlight, the heat-sensitive colour film stock should have been hopelessly ruined; however, when processed the shots were perfect and appeared in the film.
section_header: Production | Filming
text: To the producers' horror, the film containers were found a week later on an airport tarmac in Cairo, sitting in the hot sun.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Undertaker has been married four times.
Wikipedia page: The Undertaker (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Personal life
text: Calaway married his second wife, Sara Frank, in 2000.
section_header: Personal life
text: In 2010, he married former wrestler Michelle McCool.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Calcium is the 4th most abundant mineral that's commonly found in homosapiens and the earth's inner core.
Wikipedia page: Calcium (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Occurrence and production
text: At 3%, calcium is the fifth most abundant element in the Earth's crust, and the third most abundant metal behind aluminium and iron.
section_header: Summary
text: Calcium is the most abundant metal and the fifth-most abundant element in the human body.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Diet of Worms is least catchy for the Edict of Worms.
Wikipedia page: Diet of Worms (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: This one is most memorable for the Edict of Worms (Wormser Edikt), which addressed Martin Luther and the effects of the Protestant Reformation.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The show ran for 8 seasons.
Wikipedia page: Game of Thrones (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The series premiered on HBO in the United States on April 17, 2011, and concluded on May 19, 2019, with 73 episodes broadcast over eight seasons.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Puyi was heterosexual.
Wikipedia page: Puyi (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Biography | Marriage
text: The inference is, of course, that Pu Yi was either impotent, extraordinarily immature sexually, or already aware of his homosexual tendencies.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Horatio Nelson, 1st Viscount Nelson was the only child from his parents.
Wikipedia page: Horatio Nelson, 1st Viscount Nelson (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: Horatio Nelson was born on 29 September 1758 in a rectory in Burnham Thorpe, Norfolk, England, the sixth of eleven children of the Reverend Edmund Nelson and his wife Catherine Suckling.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Red Fort is a historic fort in the city of Delhi (in Old Delhi) in India that served as the main residence of the Mughal Emperors, and has never been reconstructed.
Wikipedia page: Red Fort (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: It was reconstructed between May 1639 and April 1648.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The author of Sons and lovers had to rewrite the masterpiece 4 times before being satisfied with it.
Wikipedia page: Sons and Lovers (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Title
text: Lawrence rewrote the work four times until he was happy with it.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Crawford died of a heart attack in 1927.
Wikipedia page: Sam Crawford (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Later life
text: We'll miss him. '"Crawford suffered a stroke on May 26, 1968, and died two weeks later at Hollywood Community Hospital in Los Angeles at age 88.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The book, "The Natural" portrays the story of a baseball player.
Wikipedia page: The Natural (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The story follows Roy Hobbs, a baseball prodigy whose career is sidetracked when he is shot by a woman whose motivation remains mysterious.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The current Russian and former Soviet politician Mikhail Gorbachev was the country's head of state and has always been supportive of President Putin.
Wikipedia page: Mikhail Gorbachev (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Post-presidency | Growing criticism of Putin and foreign policy remarks: since 2008
text: the First-Called. In 2012, Putin announced that he was standing again as president, something Gorbachev was critical of.
section_header: Post-presidency | Growing criticism of Putin and foreign policy remarks: since 2008
text: He complained that Putin's new measures had "tightened the screws" on Russia and that the president was trying to "completely subordinate society", adding that United Russia now "embodied the worst bureaucratic features of the Soviet Communist
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The baseball player, Grover Cleveland Alexander was the only child.
Wikipedia page: Grover Cleveland Alexander (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: Alexander was born in Elba, Nebraska, in the first term of President Grover Cleveland and was one of 13 children.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Jules Massenet was an Austrian composer during the Romantic era and was the youngest of four children.
Wikipedia page: Jules Massenet (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Jules Émile Frédéric Massenet (French pronunciation: ​[ʒyl emil fʁedeʁik masnɛ]; 12 May 1842 – 13 August 1912) was a French composer of the Romantic era best known for his operas, of which he wrote more than thirty.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Diana never held a regular job.
Wikipedia page: Diana, Princess of Wales (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: In 1978, she moved to London, where she lived with flatmates and took on various low-paying jobs.
Verdict: REFUTES