tasksource/fool-me-twice huggingface dataset:
Claim: The Office is a television series of episodes chosen at random using a British musical composer.
Wikipedia page: The Office (US) (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: It is an adaptation of the 2001-2003 BBC series of the same name, being adapted for American television by Greg Daniels, a veteran writer for Saturday Night Live, King of the Hill, and The Simpsons.
section_header: Production | Music
text: Featured music tends to be well known, and often songs reflect the character, such as Michael's attempt to seem hip by using "Mambo No. 5" and later "My Humps" as his cell phone ringtone.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: John Paul Jones was in the armed forces of America.
Wikipedia page: John Paul Jones (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: John Paul Jones (born John Paul; July 6, 1747 –  July 18, 1792) was the United States' first well-known naval commander in the American Revolutionary War.
section_header: Early life and training
text: It was not long afterward that John Paul "Jones" joined the American navy to fight against Britain.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Mindy Kaling's role was one of the original characters from the pilot.
Wikipedia page: The Office (US) (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Production | Casting
text: Greg Daniels was originally unsure where to use Mindy Kaling on-screen in the series until the opportunity came in the script for the second episode, "Diversity Day", where Michael needed to be slapped by a minority. " Since [that slap], I've been on the show" (as Kelly Kapoor), says Kaling.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Throughly Modern Millie was inspired for a broadway musical.
Wikipedia page: Thoroughly Modern Millie (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: In 2000, it was adapted for a successful stage musical of the same name.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Hamlet was written around the beginning of the 17th century.
Wikipedia page: Hamlet (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The Tragedy of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark, often shortened to Hamlet (), is a tragedy written by William Shakespeare sometime between 1599 and 1601.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: An important part of Buckingham palace was blasted to rubble by an explosive dropped from the sky in the second great war.
Wikipedia page: Buckingham Palace (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Home of the monarch | Court ceremonies | Other ceremonies and functions
text: Since the bombing of the palace chapel in World War II, royal christenings have sometimes taken place in the Music Room.
section_header: Modern history
text: During World War II, the palace was bombed nine times; the most serious and publicised incident destroyed the palace chapel in 1940.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: In The Man Who Came to Dinner, Sheridan Whiteside becomes friends with the children of the house.
Wikipedia page: The Man Who Came to Dinner (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Synopsis
text: However, Sherry manages to befriend the Stanleys' children, June and Richard, as well as Mr. Stanley's eccentric older sister Harriet.
section_header: Synopsis
text: The exposition reveals that the famously outlandish New York City radio wit Sheridan Whiteside ('Sherry' to his friends) is invited to dine at the house of the well-to-do factory owner Ernest W. Stanley and his family.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: At least 1.5 million Americans who were involved in the Vietnam conflict never fought in the frontlines.
Wikipedia page: Vietnam War (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Aftermath | Effect on the United States | Cost of the war
text: More than 3 million Americans served in the Vietnam War, some 1.5 million of whom actually saw combat in Vietnam.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Many of the band's songs are inspired by, or even named directly off of famous literary works.
Wikipedia page: Iron Maiden (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: History | Success (1981–1985)
text: The album features the singles "2 Minutes to Midnight", "Aces High", as well as "Rime of The Ancient Mariner", based on Samuel Taylor Coleridge's poem of the same name, and running over 13 minutes in length.
section_header: History | Blaze Bayley era, The X Factor and Virtual XI (1994–1999)
text: The record included the 11-minute epic "Sign of the Cross", the band's longest song since "Rime of the Ancient Mariner", as well as the singles, "Man on the Edge", based on the film Falling Down, and "Lord of the Flies", based on the novel of the same name.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Paraguay has the warmest weather in January and is a tropical place.
Wikipedia page: Paraguay (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Geography | Climate
text: January is the hottest summer month, with an average daily temperature of 28.9 degrees Celsius (84 degrees F).
section_header: Geography | Climate
text: The overall climate is tropical to subtropical.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Paraguayan War primarily involved Paraguay and Mexico.
Wikipedia page: Paraguayan War (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The Paraguayan War, also known as the War of the Triple Alliance was a South American war fought from 1864 to 1870, between Paraguay and the Triple Alliance of Argentina, the Empire of Brazil, and Uruguay.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Henry Morton Stanley is related to Katy Perry.
Wikipedia page: Henry Morton Stanley (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: His mother Elizabeth Parry was 18 years old at the time of his birth.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Cal Hubbard was the only person to be elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame and was voted among the initial class of inductees as NHL's greatest.
Wikipedia page: Cal Hubbard (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Final years
text: In recognition of his contributions to the game as an umpire and supervisor, Cal Hubbard was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1976, only the fifth umpire to be so honored up to that time.
section_header: Professional career | Football career
text: In a 1969 poll by the Hall of Fame committee, Hubbard was voted the NFL's greatest tackle of all-time.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The United States is the world's 2nd biggest country by area.
Wikipedia page: United States (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Geography, climate, and environment
text: The United States is the world's third- or fourth-largest nation by total area (land and water), ranking behind Russia and Canada and nearly equal to China.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: In 1954, he moved with his family to North London.
Wikipedia page: David Bowie (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: In 1953, Bowie moved with his family to Bromley.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Jennifer Aniston has two siblings.
Wikipedia page: Jennifer Aniston (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: Aniston has two half-brothers: John Melick, her older maternal half-brother, and Alex Aniston, her younger paternal half-brother.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Iron Maiden band's name was derived from a book .
Wikipedia page: Iron Maiden (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: History | Early years (1975–1978)
text: Iron Maiden were formed on Christmas Day, 25 December 1975 by bassist Steve Harris shortly after he left his previous group, Smiler.
section_header: History | Early years (1975–1978)
text: Harris attributed the band's name to a film adaptation of The Man in the Iron Mask from the novel by Alexandre Dumas, the title of which reminded him of the iron maiden torture device.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Shaka was murdered by two men in 1830.
Wikipedia page: Shaka (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Death and succession
text: The Zulu monarch was killed by three assassins sometime in 1828; September is the most frequently cited date, when almost all available
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The baseball player Mel Ott continued playing baseball after he retired as manager.
Wikipedia page: Mel Ott (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Managerial career
text: Ott continued as a regular player for another five years, and remained productive at the plate for much of that time.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: George III of the United Kingdom was a king in Europe and was part of the Revolutionary War..
Wikipedia page: George III of the United Kingdom (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: George III (George William Frederick; 4 June 1738 – 29 January 1820) was King of Great Britain and King of Ireland from 25 October 1760 until the union of the two countries on 1 January 1801, after which he was King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland until his death in 1820.
section_header: American War of Independence
text: The American War of Independence was the culmination of the civil and political American Revolution resulting from the American Enlightenment.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: John Quincy Adams became United States president after first becoming a lawyer.
Wikipedia page: John Quincy Adams (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Early political career (1793–1817) | Early diplomatic career and marriage
text: Adams initially avoided becoming directly involved in politics, instead focusing on building his legal career.
section_header: Personal life | Personality
text: It has been suggested that John Quincy Adams had the highest I.Q. of any U.S. president.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Billy Herman was an infielder and manager.
Wikipedia page: Billy Herman (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: William Jennings Bryan Herman (July 7, 1909 – September 5, 1992) was an American second baseman and manager in Major League Baseball (MLB) during the 1930s and 1940s.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The United States has the highest documented incarceration rate and largest prison population in the world despite it being the third most populous nation.
Wikipedia page: United States (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Demographics | Population
text: The United States is the third most populous nation in the world, after China and India.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The country of Iran is the third biggest in size in the Middle East and home to one of the world's oldest civilizations.
Wikipedia page: Iran (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Spanning 1,648,195 km2 (636,372 sq mi), it is the second largest country in the Middle East and the 17th largest in the world.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: While serving as Chief Justice on the United States Supreme Court, Charles Evans Hughes frequently disagreed with Holmes in cases concerning regulatory issues.
Wikipedia page: Charles Evans Hughes (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: During his tenure on the Supreme Court, Hughes often joined Associate Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr. in voting to uphold state and federal regulations.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Bay of Pigs Invasion was a failed operation to help the exiles in Cuba and strengthen the American's bond with Fidel.
Wikipedia page: Bay of Pigs Invasion (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: It also pushed Cuba closer to the Soviet Union, and those strengthened Soviet-Cuban relations would lead to the Cuban Missile Crisis in 1962.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Hong Kong is a balance of the Eastern and Western Chinese culture.
Wikipedia page: Hong Kong (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Culture
text: Hong Kong is characterised as a hybrid of East and West.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The New Colossus was written to raise money for a homeless shelter.
Wikipedia page: The New Colossus (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: She wrote the poem in 1883 to raise money for the construction of a pedestal for the Statue of Liberty (Liberty Enlightening the World).
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The producer of Thoroughly Modern Millie started out to make a completely different movie, but chose not too because the original property was too expensive.
Wikipedia page: Thoroughly Modern Millie (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Production notes | Development
text: Hunter wanted to make a film of The Boyfriend, which had been a hit on stage with Julie Andrews.
section_header: Production notes | Development
text: Film rights cost too much - $400,000 - so Hunter decided to do "his own".
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Elon Musk grew up in Russia.
Wikipedia page: Elon Musk (Technology)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: Elon Musk was born on June 28, 1971, in Pretoria, Transvaal, South Africa, the son of Maye Musk (née Haldeman), a model and dietitian born in Saskatchewan, Canada and raised in South Africa, and Errol Musk, a South African electromechanical engineer, pilot, and sailor.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The first version of Twitter was created in 2010.
Wikipedia page: Twitter (Technology)
Evidence:
section_header: History | Creation and initial reaction
text: The first Twitter prototype, developed by Dorsey and contractor Florian Weber, was used as an internal service for Odeo employees and the full version was introduced publicly on July 15, 2006.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The novels chronicle the lives of a young wizard and his 2 friends, all who are students at Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry.
Wikipedia page: Harry Potter (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The novels chronicle the lives of a young wizard, Harry Potter, and his friends Hermione Granger and Ron Weasley, all of whom are students at Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Arsenal F.C. is a European women's utmost victorious unit with loyal fans and prevailing triumphs.
Wikipedia page: Arsenal F.C. (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Arsenal Women
text: Arsenal Women are the most successful team in English women's football having won a total of 58 trophies.
section_header: Arsenal Women
text: In the 2008–09 season, they won all three major English trophies – the FA Women's Premier League, FA Women's Cup and FA Women's Premier League Cup, and, as of 2017, were the only English side to have won the UEFA Women's Cup or UEFA Women's Champions League, having won the Cup in the 2006–07 season as part of a unique quadruple.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: There is no agreed upon age of the Earth's core.
Wikipedia page: Inner core (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Age
text: However, there is still no firm evidence about the time when this process started.
section_header: Age
text: Two main approaches have been used to infer the age of the inner core: thermodynamic modeling of the cooling of the Earth, and analysis of paleomagnetic evidence.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Drinking is a common theme in the novel, The Thin Man.
Wikipedia page: The Thin Man (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Plot
text: The story is set in New York City in December 1932, in the last days of Prohibition.
section_header: Plot
text: As they attempt to solve the case, Nick and Nora share a great deal of banter and witty dialogue, along with copious amounts of alcohol.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Willem Dafoe started in the movie industry in the late 1970's
Wikipedia page: Willem Dafoe (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Biography | 1986–1989: Breakthrough, first Oscar nomination, and controversial roles
text: Dafoe began his film career in 1979, when he was cast in a supporting role in Michael Cimino's epic Western film Heaven's Gate.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Statue of Liberty has a torch in her left and a broken shackle and chain at her feet.
Wikipedia page: Statue of Liberty (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: She holds a torch above her head with her right hand, and in her left hand carries a tabula ansata inscribed JULY IV MDCCLXXVI (July 4, 1776 in Roman numerals), the date of the U.S. Declaration of Independence.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Francisco Vasquez de Coronado was a 16th century conquistador.
Wikipedia page: Francisco Vasquez de Coronado (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Francisco Vázquez de Coronado y Luján (Spanish pronunciation: [fɾanˈθisko ˈβaθkeθ ðe koɾoˈnaðo]; 1510 – 22 September 1554) was a Spanish conquistador and explorer who led a large expedition from Mexico to present-day Kansas through parts of the southwestern United States between 1540 and 1542.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Borodin was born in England  and moved to Russia where he was a commoner.
Wikipedia page: Aleksandr Borodin (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Life and profession | Family and education
text: Borodin was born in Saint Petersburg as an illegitimate son of a 62-year-old Georgian nobleman, Luka Stepanovich Gedevanishvili, and a married 25-year-old Russian woman, Evdokia Konstantinovna Antonova.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Most of the troops that began the long march were alive and there at the finish.
Wikipedia page: Long March (History)
Evidence:
section_header: The Long March | Union of the three armies
text: Of these, less than 7,000 were among the original 100,000 soldiers who had started the march.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Rain Man is a comedy-drama movie that is about an abrasive wheeler-dealer and his brother.
Wikipedia page: Rain Man (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Rain Man is a 1988 American road comedy-drama film directed by Barry Levinson and written by Barry Morrow and Ronald Bass.
section_header: Summary
text: It tells the story of abrasive, selfish young wheeler-dealer Charlie Babbitt (Tom Cruise), who discovers that his estranged father has died and bequeathed virtually all of his multi-million dollar estate to his other son, Raymond (Dustin Hoffman), an autistic savant, of whose existence
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Blackstreet Boys is the second in all time sells behind the New Kids on the Block.
Wikipedia page: Backstreet Boys (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The Backstreet Boys have sold over 100 million records worldwide, making them the best-selling boy band of all time, and one of the world's best-selling music artists.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Since You Went Away is a long poem about dealing with war.
Wikipedia page: Since You Went Away (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Since You Went Away is a 1944 American drama film directed by John Cromwell for Selznick International Pictures and distributed by United Artists.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Linda Ronstadt's mother grew up in a town where the water is polluted with lead, and other dangers.
Wikipedia page: Linda Ronstadt (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: In 1991, the City of Tucson opened its central transit terminal on March 16 and dedicated it to Linda's grandfather, Federico José María Ronstadt, a local pioneer businessman; he was a wagon maker whose early contribution to the city's mobility included six mule-drawn streetcars delivered in 1903–04.Her mother Ruth Mary, of German, English, and Dutch ancestry, was raised in Flint, Michigan.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Aroostook War was a dispute over land in the Northeast of America.
Wikipedia page: Aroostook War (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The Aroostook War (sometimes called the Pork and Beans War) was a military and civilian-involved confrontation in 1838–1839 between the United States and the United Kingdom over the international boundary between the British colony of New Brunswick and the U.S. state of Maine.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: One of the characters in Inception is named after Asteria, a goddess of dreams.
Wikipedia page: Inception (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Cast
text: The name Ariadne alludes to a princess of Greek myth, daughter of King Minos, who aided the hero Theseus by giving him a sword and a ball of string to help him navigate the labyrinth which was the prison of the Minotaur.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Emma Thompson identifies as British because she spent all her time there and has not lived elsewhere.
Wikipedia page: Emma Thompson (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Personal life
text: Thompson, although born in London, has stated she feels Scottish: "not only because I am half Scottish but also because I've spent half my life here".
section_header: Personal life
text: She frequently returns to Scotland and visits Dunoon in Argyll and Bute, where she owns a home.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Adams did have a stroke but had a complete comeback from it and went back to work.
Wikipedia page: John Quincy Adams (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Later congressional career (1830–1848) | Death
text: In mid-November 1846, the 78-year-old former president suffered a stroke that left him partially paralyzed.
section_header: Later congressional career (1830–1848) | Death
text: After a few months of rest, he made a full recovery and resumed his duties in Congress.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Ada Yonath is a professor at the University of Chicago where she teaches the anatomy of gemstones and crystals.
Wikipedia page: Ada Yonath (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Ada E. Yonath (Hebrew: עדה יונת‎, pronounced [ˈada joˈnat]) (born 22 June 1939) is an Israeli crystallographer best known for her pioneering work on the structure of the ribosome.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: 60% of the Earth's fauna are Arthropoda.
Wikipedia page: Arthropoda (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: They have over a million described species, making up more than 80 percent of all described living animal species, some of which, unlike most other animals, are very successful in dry environments.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Ada Yonath's mother and father were from Palestine.
Wikipedia page: Ada Yonath (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Biography
text: Her parents, Hillel and Esther Lifshitz, were Zionist Jews who immigrated to Palestine from Zduńska Wola, Poland in 1933 before the establishment of Israel.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Tony Gwynn played for the same NL team his whole MLB career.
Wikipedia page: Tony Gwynn (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The left-handed hitting Gwynn won eight batting titles in his career, tied for the most in National League (NL) history.
section_header: Summary
text: Anthony Keith Gwynn Sr. (May 9, 1960 – June 16, 2014), nicknamed "Mr. Padre", was an American professional baseball right fielder, who played 20 seasons (1982–2001) in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the San Diego Padres.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Winesburg, Ohio is a 1929 short story cycle by the American author Sherwood Anderson ranked Winesburg, and in 1998, Modern Library ranked Winesburg, Ohio 24th on its list of the 100 best English-language novels of the 20th century.
Wikipedia page: Winesburg, Ohio (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Winesburg, Ohio (full title: Winesburg, Ohio: A Group of Tales of Ohio Small-Town Life) is a 1919 short story cycle by the American author Sherwood Anderson.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Quinn passed away in Rhode Island.
Wikipedia page: Anthony Quinn (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Death
text: He died of respiratory failure, pneumonia and throat cancer on June 3, 2001, in Boston, at age 86.His funeral was held in the First Baptist Church in America in College Hill, Providence, Rhode Island.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Tony Gwynn always had a knack for Baseball, and preferred it to other sports.
Wikipedia page: Tony Gwynn (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: He filled his time playing mostly basketball, which was his favorite sport.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Buckingham Palace is a place for a potentate and was the Manor of Ebury before 1531.
Wikipedia page: Buckingham Palace (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Buckingham Palace became the London residence of the British monarch on the accession of Queen Victoria in 1837.
section_header: History | Site
text: In the Middle Ages, the site of the future palace formed part of the Manor of Ebury (also called Eia).
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Anthony Quinn and Cecil DeMille were married for fifteen years.l
Wikipedia page: Anthony Quinn (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Personal life
text: In 1965, Quinn and DeMille divorced because of his affair with Italian costume designer Jolanda Addolori, whom he married in 1966.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The statue has stones of several different shades now due to the availability of the lighter variety during resoration efforts.
Wikipedia page: Christ the Redeemer (statue) (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Restoration
text: The original pale stone is no longer available in sufficient quantity, and replacement stones are increasingly darker in hue.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Barbara Stanwyck was only 15 when she auditioned to be a showgirl.
Wikipedia page: Barbara Stanwyck (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Ziegfeld girl and Broadway success
text: In 1923, a few months before her 16th birthday, Ruby auditioned for a place in the chorus at the Strand Roof, a nightclub over the Strand Theatre in Times Square.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: According to some authors, Lodbrok was the father to King Edward.
Wikipedia page: Ragnar Lodbrok (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Accounts | Danish sources
text: The Chronicon Roskildense (c. 1138) mentions Lodbrok (Lothpardus) as father to the utterly cruel Norse King Ywar (rex crudelissimus Normannorum Ywar) and his brothers, Inguar (a double of Ywar), Ubbi, Byorn and Ulf, who rule the northern peoples.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Pompeii remains closed to the public due to safety concerns.
Wikipedia page: Pompeii (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Tourism
text: Pompeii has been a popular tourist destination for over 250 years; it was on the Grand Tour.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Spotify was available for download in 2007.
Wikipedia page: Spotify (Technology)
Evidence:
section_header: History | Launch in 2008
text: The Spotify app was launched on 7 October 2008.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Hong Kong spelled as one word is a component of some company names.
Wikipedia page: Hong Kong (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Etymology
text: Some corporations founded during the early colonial era still keep this name, including Hongkong Land, Hongkong Electric Company, Hongkong and Shanghai Hotels and the Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation (HSBC).
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Pope Innocent III was from Spain originally.
Wikipedia page: Pope Innocent III (NOCAT)
Evidence:
section_header: Biography | Early life
text: Lotario de ' Conti was born in Gavignano, Italy, near Anagni.
section_header: Biography | Early life
text: His father Count Trasimund of Segni was a member of a famous house, Conti di Segni (Earl of Segni), which produced nine popes including Gregory IX, Alexander IV and Innocent XIII.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Meat Loaf is Texan.
Wikipedia page: Meat Loaf (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: Marvin Lee Aday was born in Dallas, Texas, the only child of Wilma Artie (née Hukel), a school teacher and a member of the Vo-di-o-do Girls gospel quartet, and Orvis Wesley Aday, a former police officer who went into business with his wife and one of their friends as the Griffin Grocery Company, selling a homemade cough remedy.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Isomers have two primary types.
Wikipedia page: Isomer (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Two main forms of isomerism are structural isomerism (or constitutional isomerism, in which bonds differ) and stereoisomerism (or spatial isomerism, in which the orientations of atoms differ).
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Fifty Shades of Grey is a 2011 erotic romance novel by British author E. L. James about a sexual relationship without romance, receiving mixed and negative reviews.
Wikipedia page: Fifty Shades of Grey (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Reception | Critical response
text: It has received mixed to negative reviews, with most critics noting poor literary qualities of the work.
section_header: Plot
text: There, Christian informs her that the second contract will be one of dominance and submission, and there will be no romantic relationship, only a sexual one.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Paraguay is home to the Guarani language.
Wikipedia page: Paraguay (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Demographics | Languages
text: Both Spanish and Guaraní are official languages.
section_header: Demographics | Languages
text: The Guaraní language is a remarkable trace of the indigenous Guaraní culture that has endured in Paraguay.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Vietnam War was the third of the Indochina Wars.
Wikipedia page: Vietnam War (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The Vietnam War (Vietnamese: Chiến tranh Việt Nam), also known as the Second Indochina War, and in Vietnam as the Resistance War Against America (Vietnamese: Kháng chiến chống Mỹ) or simply the American War, was a conflict in Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia from 1 November 1955 to the fall of Saigon on 30 April 1975.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Robert Walpole is an English political figure.
Wikipedia page: Robert Walpole (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Robert Walpole, 1st Earl of Orford,  (26 August 1676 – 18 March 1745), known between 1721 and 1742 as Sir Robert Walpole, was a British politician who is generally regarded as the de facto first Prime Minister of Great Britain.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Shaka is considered the most influential monarch and peaceful.
Wikipedia page: Shaka (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Although he preferred social and propagandistic political methods, he also engaged in a number of battles.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Bonus Army was a protest by veterans in 1932 to demand cash for service certificates and resulted in two veterans being killed by Washington police.
Wikipedia page: Bonus Army (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The Bonus Army was a group of 43,000 demonstrators – made up of 17,000 U.S. World War
section_header: Summary
text: Washington police met with resistance, shot at the protestors, and two veterans were wounded and later died.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The American actor Willem Dafoe has dual citizenship with the US and Italy although he was born in Wisconsin.
Wikipedia page: Willem Dafoe (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Biography | 1955–1978: Early life and acting in theater
text: William James Dafoe was born in Appleton, Wisconsin.
section_header: Summary
text: William James "Willem" Dafoe (born July 22, 1955) is an American actor.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Over 100 men died during the Bay of Pigs Invasion.
Wikipedia page: Bay of Pigs Invasion (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Aftermath | Casualties
text: 67 Cuban exiles from Brigade 2506 were killed in action plus ten on the firing squad, ten on the boat Celia trying to escape, 9 in the sealed container on the way to Havana, 4 by accident, 2 in prison, and 4 American aviators, for a total of 106 casualties.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Christina Aguilera's music comes from a wide range of influences.
Wikipedia page: Christina Aguilera (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Artistry | Musical style and themes
text: We've had similar costumes too!" Aguilera frequently blends elements of pop, R&B, dance-pop and soul music into her projects, and her records typically include a combination of ballads and uptempo tracks.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Francis Marion fought in the Revolutionary War and was an influence for the protagonist in the movie, The Patriot, where his character highly altered to show him as good natured.
Wikipedia page: Francis Marion (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Legends and modern opinions about Marion
text: The introduction to the 2007 edition of Simms' book (originally published in 1844) was written by Sean Busick, a professor of American history at Athens State University in Alabama, who says that based on the facts, "Marion deserves to be remembered as one of the heroes of the War for Independence." Crawford commented:  Francis Marion was a man of his times: he owned slaves, and he fought in a brutal campaign against the Cherokee Indians.
section_header: Legends and modern opinions about Marion
text: " The contrast between the film's depiction of Martin "as a family man and hero who single-handedly defeats countless hostile Brits" and the real-life Marion was one of the "egregious oversights" that TIME magazine cited when listing "The Patriot" as number one of its "Top 10 historically misleading films" in 2011.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Mary, Queen of Scots became Queen of Scotland when she was less than a week old.
Wikipedia page: Mary, Queen of Scots (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Childhood and early reign
text: On 14 December, six days after her birth, she became Queen of Scotland when her father died, perhaps from the effects of a nervous collapse following the Battle of Solway Moss or from drinking contaminated water while on campaign.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Battle of Gettysburg was a full scale three day crucial battle at Little Round Top, an important hill at the extreme left of the Union line, the Wheatfield, Devil's Den, the Peach Orchard, Culp's Hill, and Cemetery Hill with the highest number of deaths of the entire war.
Wikipedia page: Battle of Gettysburg (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: In the late afternoon of July 2, Lee launched a heavy assault on the Union left flank, and fierce fighting raged at Little Round Top, the Wheatfield, Devil's Den, and the Peach Orchard.
section_header: Summary
text: On the Union right, Confederate demonstrations escalated into full-scale assaults on Culp's Hill and Cemetery Hill.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Honus Wagner had 3 children with his wife.
Wikipedia page: Honus Wagner (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: In 1916, Wagner married Bessie Baine Smith, and the couple would have three daughters: Elva Katrina (b. 1918, stillborn), Betty Baine (1919–1992), and Virginia Mae (1922–1985).
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Benso had quite a few things labeled after him such as streets and a ship and an airplane.
Wikipedia page: Camillo Benso, Count of Cavour (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Legacy
text: The clipper ship, Camille Cavour, the battleship Conte di Cavour, which fought both in World War I and World War II, and the new Marina Militare aircraft carrier Cavour is also named in his honor.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: No people of the Abrahamic faiths have followed all of the instructions of Leviticus en masse for over 1,000 years.
Wikipedia page: Leviticus (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Subsequent tradition
text: Jews and Christians have not observed Leviticus's instructions for animal offerings since the first century AD.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Raging Bull was qualified for 8 oscars.
Wikipedia page: Raging Bull (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Despite the mixed reviews, the film was nominated for eight Academy Awards at the 53rd Academy Awards (tying with The Elephant Man as the most nominated film of the ceremony), including Best Picture and Best Director, and won two: Best Actor for De Niro (his second Oscar) and Best Editing.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Lady of Shalott is a ballad that is based on an Arthurian lore Elena of Aortic.
Wikipedia page: The Lady of Shalott (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Origin
text: The poem is loosely based on the Arthurian legend of Elaine of Astolat, as recounted in a 13th-century Italian novellina titled La Damigella di Scalot (No.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Star Wars: The Force Awakens is the 2nd film in the Star Wars Trilogy.
Wikipedia page: Star Wars: The Force Awakens (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: It is the first installment in the Star Wars sequel trilogy, following the story of Return of the Jedi (1983), and is the seventh episode of the nine-part "Skywalker saga".
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Attila conquered Rome during his reign.
Wikipedia page: Attila (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: He also attempted to conquer Roman Gaul (modern France), crossing the Rhine in 451 and marching as far as Aurelianum (Orléans) before being stopped in the Battle of the Catalaunian Plains.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The actress Emma Thompson enjoyed being in some of the Harry Potter films.
Wikipedia page: Emma Thompson (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Acting career | 2000s: Smaller roles
text: She later reprised her role in the Order of the Phoenix (2007) and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2 (2011), and has called her time on the popular franchise "great fun".
section_header: Acting career | 2000s: Smaller roles
text: In 2004, she played the eccentric Divination teacher Sybill Trelawney in the third Harry Potter film, the Prisoner of Azkaban, her character described as a "hippy chick professor who teaches fortune-telling".
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Gerty Theresa Cori met her spouse in high-school while she was taking a biology class.
Wikipedia page: Gerty Theresa Cori (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Growing up at a time when women were marginalized in science and allowed few educational opportunities, she gained admittance to medical school, where she met her future husband Carl Ferdinand Cori in an anatomy class; upon their graduation in 1920, they married.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Vyacheslav Molotov was a Russian diplomat and a supporter of the leader of the Soviet Union.
Wikipedia page: Vyacheslav Molotov (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Vyacheslav Mikhailovich Molotov (; né Skryabin; (OS 25 February) 9 March 1890 – 8 November 1986) was a Soviet politician and diplomat, an Old Bolshevik, and a leading figure in the Soviet government from the 1920s, when he rose to power as a protégé of Joseph Stalin.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Twitter increased their letters/symbols limits to over 275.
Wikipedia page: Twitter (Technology)
Evidence:
section_header: Usage
text: Its global user base in 2017 was 328 million.
section_header: Appearance and features | Tweets | Format | Character limits
text: In 2017, Twitter doubled their historical 140-character-limitation to 280.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Rappaccini's Daughter is set in Europe.
Wikipedia page: Rappaccini's Daughter (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Plot summary
text: The story is set in Padua, Italy, in a distant and unspecified past.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: In The Trial, Josef is told to go to court, but he isn't given information about when the hearing will occur.
Wikipedia page: The Trial (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Plot
text: Josef is ordered to appear at the court's address the coming Sunday, without being told the exact time or room.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Maranville passed away from stomach cancer.
Wikipedia page: Rabbit Maranville (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Death and legacy
text: Rabbit Maranville died of a heart attack shortly after midnight on January 6, 1954 at his home in Woodside, New York.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: In the novel The Moon and Sixpence, Strickland is afflicted by a venereal disease.
Wikipedia page: The Moon and Sixpence (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Plot summary
text: Strickland left behind numerous paintings, but his magnum opus, which he painted on the walls of his hut before losing his sight to leprosy, was burnt after his death by his wife per his dying orders.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Alfred Dreyfus was a French artillery officer of Jewish ancestry that had eight older siblings.
Wikipedia page: Alfred Dreyfus (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: Born in Mulhouse, Alsace in 1859, Dreyfus was the youngest of nine children born to Raphaël and Jeannette Dreyfus (née Libmann).
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: David Bowie's first album was  Blackstar.
Wikipedia page: David Bowie (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Personal life | Spirituality and religion
text: " Released shortly before his death, "Lazarus"—from his final album, Blackstar—began with the words, "Look up here, I'm in Heaven" while the rest of the album deals with other matters of mysticism and mortality.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Mary, Queen of Scots shared blood related grandparents with her partner before they got married.
Wikipedia page: Mary, Queen of Scots (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Four years later, she married her half-cousin, Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley, and in June 1566 they had a son, James.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Supreme Leader of Iran holds more influence than any one else in the country.
Wikipedia page: Iran (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Government and politics | President
text: After the Supreme Leader, the Constitution defines the President of Iran as the highest state authority.
section_header: Government and politics | President
text: The Leader also has the power to dismiss the elected president anytime.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The statue is located at the peak of the Corcovado mountains in the Tijuca Forest National Park  overlooking Rio de Janeiro.
Wikipedia page: Christ the Redeemer (statue) (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The statue weighs 635 metric tons (625 long, 700 short tons), and is located at the peak of the 700-metre (2,300 ft) Corcovado mountain in the Tijuca Forest National Park overlooking the city of Rio de Janeiro.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Powerful, Pope Innocent III, was heavily involved in the politics during his papacy.
Wikipedia page: Pope Innocent III (NOCAT)
Evidence:
section_header: Biography | Feudal power over Europe
text: Innocent III played further roles in the politics of Norway, France, Sweden, Bulgaria, Spain and England.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Greek mythology is the topic of the poem Theogony.
Wikipedia page: Theogony (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The Theogony (Greek: Θεογονία, Theogonía, Attic Greek: [tʰeoɡoníaː], i.e. "the genealogy or birth of the gods") is a poem by Hesiod (8th – 7th century BC) describing the origins and genealogies of the Greek gods, composed c. 730–700 BC.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: In Old Chicago is a movie about a fire that started in Chicago.
Wikipedia page: In Old Chicago (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The film is a fictionalized account about the Great Chicago Fire of 1871 and stars Alice Brady as Mrs. O'Leary, the owner of the cow which started the fire, and Tyrone Power and Don Ameche as her sons.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: In the movie The Quiet Man, Sean marries in America and they immigrate to Ireland.
Wikipedia page: The Quiet Man (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Plot
text: Shortly after arriving in Inisfree, he meets and falls in love with the fiery Mary Kate Danaher (Maureen O'Hara), the sister of a bullying but prosperous landowner, Squire "Red" Will Danaher (Victor McLaglen).
section_header: Plot
text: In the 1920s, Sean Thornton (John Wayne), an Irish-born American from Pittsburgh, travels to his birthplace—"Inisfree", Ireland—to purchase his family's former farm.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The US's most populated district is NYC.
Wikipedia page: United States (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The capital is Washington, D.C., and the most populous city is New York City.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The movie Inception made over $800 million dollars in the year it was released, ranking among the top three movies that year.
Wikipedia page: Inception (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Inception grossed over US$829 million worldwide, becoming the fourth highest-grossing film of 2010.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: This is a fashion company that has retail stores all over the globe.
Wikipedia page: Farfetch (Technology)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Farfetch is an online luxury fashion retail platform that sells products from over 700 boutiques and brands from around the world.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Honus Wagner's family was of German descent.
Wikipedia page: Honus Wagner (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: Wagner was born to German immigrants Peter and Katheryn Wagner in the borough of Chartiers, in what is now Carnegie, Pennsylvania.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: There is no type of reflective surface that would appear be completely dark in a well-lit room.
Wikipedia page: Reflection (physics) (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Reflection of light | Complex conjugate reflection
text: If one were to look into a complex conjugating mirror, it would be black because only the photons which left the pupil would reach the pupil.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: A Christmas Carol's illustrations were done by John Leech.
Wikipedia page: A Christmas Carol (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: A Christmas Carol. A Christmas Carol. In Prose. Being a Ghost Story of Christmas, commonly known as A Christmas Carol, is a novella by Charles Dickens, first published in London by Chapman & Hall in 1843 and illustrated by John Leech.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Horace Greeley was in the U.S Congress for a short period of time.
Wikipedia page: Horace Greeley (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Long active in politics, he served briefly as a congressman from New York, and was the unsuccessful candidate of the new Liberal Republican party in the 1872 presidential election against incumbent President Ulysses S. Grant, who won by a landslide.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Jesse Haines had two sisters and two brothers.
Wikipedia page: Jesse Haines (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Major league career
text: They had one child. Haines became a fixture in the Cardinals starting rotation in 1920.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Gwynn was known as Mr. Padre on the field.
Wikipedia page: Tony Gwynn (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Anthony Keith Gwynn Sr. (May 9, 1960 – June 16, 2014), nicknamed "Mr. Padre", was an American professional baseball right fielder, who played 20 seasons (1982–2001) in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the San Diego Padres.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Alfred Dreyfus was convicted of treason but pardon years later.
Wikipedia page: Alfred Dreyfus (History)
Evidence:
section_header: The Dreyfus affair
text: On 5 January 1895, Dreyfus was summarily convicted in a secret court martial, publicly stripped of his army rank, and sentenced to life imprisonment on Devil's Island in French Guiana.
section_header: The Dreyfus affair
text: Had Dreyfus refused the pardon, he would have been returned to Devil's Island, a fate he could no longer emotionally cope with; so officially Dreyfus remained a traitor to France, and pointedly remarked upon his release: The government of the Republic has given me back my freedom.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Spanish conquistador and explorer Francisco Vázquez de Coronado told tells of a golden city he entered in 1539.
Wikipedia page: Francisco Vasquez de Coronado (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Expedition | Preparation
text: Though he did not claim to have entered the city of Cíbola, he mentioned that it stood on a high hill and that it appeared wealthy and as large as Mexico City.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Innocent III sided with the French in the matter of Italian royal succession.
Wikipedia page: Pope Innocent III (NOCAT)
Evidence:
section_header: Biography | Involvement in Imperial elections
text: In 1201, the pope openly espoused the side of Otto IV, whose family had always been opposed to the house of Hohenstaufen.
section_header: Biography | Involvement in Imperial elections
text: King Philip II of France supported Philip's claim, whereas King Richard I of England supported his nephew Otto.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: George Washington gained his wealth in the military.
Wikipedia page: George Washington (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life (1732–1752)
text: The Washington family was a wealthy Virginia family which had made its fortune in land speculation.
section_header: Slavery
text: He acquired them through inheritance, gained control of eighty-four dower slaves on his marriage to Martha and purchased at least seventy-one slaves between 1752 and 1773.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: There are just one Acropolis in Europe.
Wikipedia page: Acropolis of Athens (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Although the term acropolis is generic and there are many other acropoleis in Greece,
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Scarlett Johansson has roots from Germany.
Wikipedia page: Scarlett Johansson (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: Her father, Karsten Olaf Johansson, is an architect originally from Copenhagen, Denmark, and her paternal grandfather, Ejner Johansson, was an art historian, screenwriter and film director, whose father was Swedish.
section_header: Early life
text: She comes from an Ashkenazi Jewish family from Poland and Russia, originally surnamed Schlamberg, and Scarlett has described herself as Jewish.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Moon and Sixpence is a fictional story about an architect.
Wikipedia page: The Moon and Sixpence (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The story is in part based on the life of the painter Paul Gauguin.
Verdict: REFUTES