tasksource/fool-me-twice huggingface dataset:
Claim: Assassins tried to kill Henry IV of France many times.
Wikipedia page: Henry IV of France (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Assassination
text: Henry was the subject of numerous attempts on his life, including one by Pierre Barrière in August 1593 and Jean Châtel in December 1594.He was finally killed in Paris on 14 May 1610 by a Catholic fanatic, François Ravaillac, who stabbed him in the Rue de la Ferronnerie.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: All My Sons was a first effort by Miller to write a well received play, based on a true story which overturned the conviction of three military officials in 1944.
Wikipedia page: All My Sons (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Background
text: In 1944, three Army Air Force officers, Lt. Col. Frank C. Greulich, Major Walter A. Ryan, and Major William Bruckmann were relieved of duty and later convicted of neglect of duty.
section_header: Background
text: Miller wrote All My Sons as a final attempt at writing a commercially successful play; he vowed to "find some other line of work" if the play did not find an audience.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: After the Ides of March, Marc Antony fled Rome in clothing usually worn by slaves.
Wikipedia page: Mark Antony (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Early career | Assassination of Caesar | Leader of the Caesarian Party
text: In the turmoil surrounding the assassination, Antony escaped Rome dressed as a slave, fearing Caesar's death would be the start of a bloodbath among his supporters.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The initial publication of the novel,  The Little Prince was done in two languages.
Wikipedia page: The Little Prince (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: It was first published in English and French in the US by Reynal & Hitchcock in April 1943, and posthumously in France following the liberation of France as Saint-Exupéry's works had been banned by the Vichy Regime.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Titration was discovered by Alexander Titus from whom it gets its name.
Wikipedia page: Titration (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: History and etymology
text: In 1828, the French chemist Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac first used titre as a verb (titrer), meaning "to determine the concentration of a substance in a given sample".
section_header: History and etymology
text: François-Antoine-Henri Descroizilles (fr) developed the first burette (which was similar to a graduated cylinder) in 1791.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: This man pitched with the same arm most people do.
Wikipedia page: Andy Cooper (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Career | Early career
text: To open the 1928 season, the left-hander pitched a two-hit shutout against the Cleveland Tigers, which he followed with a 4-3 win over the Tigers the next day.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: George Washington was a wealthy Georgia family which had made its fortune in land speculation, and by English common law Washington was a naturalized subject of the King, as were all others born in the English colonies.
Wikipedia page: George Washington (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life (1732–1752)
text: The Washington family was a wealthy Virginia family which had made its fortune in land speculation.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Inception was filmed in Shangai only.
Wikipedia page: Inception (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Inception was filmed in six countries, beginning in Tokyo on June 19 and ending in Canada on November 22.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Jonas Brothers is a band of three brothers and grew up in New York.
Wikipedia page: Jonas Brothers (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Raised in Wyckoff, New Jersey, the Jonas Brothers moved to Little Falls, New Jersey, in 2005, where they wrote their first record that made its Hollywood Records release.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Brad Pitt was born 12/28/63.
Wikipedia page: Brad Pitt (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: William Bradley Pitt (born December 18, 1963) is an American actor and film producer.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Pierce's mom died giving birth to his youngest brother.
Wikipedia page: Franklin Pierce (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life and family | Childhood and education
text: Pierce was the fifth of eight children born to Benjamin and his second wife Anna Kendrick; his first wife Elizabeth Andrews died in childbirth, leaving a daughter.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Chicago's growth stagnated in the 19th century.
Wikipedia page: Chicago (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Demographics
text: In the forty years from 1850 to 1890, the city's population grew from slightly under 30,000 to over 1 million.
section_header: Demographics
text: At the end of the 19th century, Chicago was the fifth-largest city in the world, and the largest of the cities that did not exist at the dawn of the century.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Henry IV of France gave up his faith and professed to be Catholic to become king.
Wikipedia page: Henry IV of France (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: He initially kept the Protestant faith (the only French king to do so) and had to fight against the Catholic League, which denied that he could wear France's crown as a Protestant.
section_header: Summary
text: To obtain mastery over his kingdom, after four years of stalemate, he found it prudent to abjure the Calvinist faith (saying, "Paris is well worth a mass.") .
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Brad Pitt has 4 biological kids and 6 kids total.
Wikipedia page: Brad Pitt (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Pitt and Jolie have six children together, three of whom were adopted internationally.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Christina Aguilera is a singer who also starred a film Burlesque and worked as a coach on the Voice.
Wikipedia page: Christina Aguilera (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Alongside her music career, Aguilera starred in the film Burlesque (2010) and was a coach on six seasons of the singing competition television series The Voice from 2011 to 2016.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The 1931 novel The Good Earth is a novel about rural life in China and won the Pulitzer Prize.
Wikipedia page: The Good Earth (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The realistic and sympathetic depiction of the farmer Wang Lung and his wife O-lan helped prepare Americans of the 1930s to consider Chinese as allies in the coming war with Japan.
section_header: Summary
text: The Good Earth is a novel by Pearl S. Buck published in 1931 that dramatizes family life in a Chinese village in the early 20th century.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Vyacheslav Molotov met a future Soviet Union leader while working at a newspaper.
Wikipedia page: Vyacheslav Molotov (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Biography | Early life and career (1890–1930)
text: Molotov joined the editorial staff of a new underground Bolshevik newspaper called Pravda, meeting Joseph Stalin for the first time in association with the project.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Master and Commander: The Far Side of the World was a film that was nominated for many Oscars.
Wikipedia page: Master and Commander: The Far Side of the World (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: At the 76th Academy Awards, the film was nominated for 10 Oscars, including Best Picture and Best Director.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Pompeii is in Italy.
Wikipedia page: Pompeii (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Pompeii is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and is one of the most popular tourist attractions in Italy, with approximately 2.5 million visitors annually.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Benjamin Britten is known to have died of complications from an undetected STD.
Wikipedia page: Benjamin Britten (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Personal life and character | Controversies | Cause of death
text: In response, Britten's consultant cardiologist said that, like all the hospital's similar cases, Britten was routinely screened for syphilis before the operation, with negative results.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Pirates of the Caribbean: On Stranger Tides was the fifth Pirates movie.
Wikipedia page: Pirates of the Caribbean: On Stranger Tides (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Pirates of the Caribbean: On Stranger Tides is a 2011 American fantasy swashbuckler film, the fourth installment in the Pirates of the Caribbean film series and a standalone sequel to At World's End (2007).
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Following his retirement from the MLB, Prince Hal became a top executive of a real estate company.
Wikipedia page: Hal Newhouser (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: After his retirement from baseball, Newhouser was away from the sport for 20 years, serving as a bank vice president.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Lion in Winter is a nonfictional play about Henry II of England and his wife Eleanor of Aquitaine.
Wikipedia page: The Lion in Winter (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Historicity
text: The Lion in Winter is fictional and none of the dialogue and actions are historical; there was not a Christmas Court at Chinon in 1183.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Bacteria as a biological concept used to be placed in a different biological category than it is now.
Wikipedia page: Bacteria (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Once regarded as plants constituting the class Schizomycetes ("fission fungi"), bacteria are now classified as prokaryotes.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: In the beginning of the novel The Scarlet Letter by American author Nathaniel Hawthorne, the letter A is an embedded symbol imagined in the perfect writing of the author.
Wikipedia page: The Scarlet Letter (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Critics have described it as a masterwork and novelist D. H. Lawrence called it a "perfect work of the American imagination".
section_header: Critical response
text: "On the other hand, 20th-century writer D. H. Lawrence said that there could not be a more perfect work of the American imagination than The Scarlet Letter.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Bonus Army members never got their bonus.
Wikipedia page: Bonus Army (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: In 1936, Congress overrode President Roosevelt's veto and paid the veterans their bonus nine years early.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: White and his wife had 4 children together.
Wikipedia page: Sol White (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Personal life
text: A third child, a daughter named Marion, lived to adulthood and survived her father.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Medwick played with 3 teams overall in the MLB.
Wikipedia page: Joe Medwick (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: , he also played with the Brooklyn Dodgers (1940–1943, 1946), New York Giants (1943–1945), and Boston Braves (1945).
section_header: Summary
text: A left fielder with the St. Louis Cardinals during the "Gashouse Gang" era of the 1930s
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Emma Lazarus wrote the poem The New Colossus to fund her dream of starting an orphanage.
Wikipedia page: The New Colossus (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: She wrote the poem in 1883 to raise money for the construction of a pedestal for the Statue of Liberty (Liberty Enlightening the World).
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Ada Yonath grew up in a poor family.
Wikipedia page: Ada Yonath (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Biography
text: They lived in cramped quarters with several other families, and Yonath remembers "books" being the only thing she had to keep her occupied.
section_header: Biography
text: Yonath was accepted to Tichon Hadash high school although her mother could not pay the tuition.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: A neutrino is a fermion that interacts only via the weak subatomic force and gravity and gets its name from the electron and its rest mass is so large..
Wikipedia page: Neutrino (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The neutrino is so named because it is electrically neutral and because its rest mass is so small (
section_header: Summary
text: -ino) that it was long thought to be zero.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe by C.S. Lewis has been adapted into 2 movies.
Wikipedia page: The Lion, the Witch, and the Wardrobe (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Adaptations | Film
text: It has so far been followed by two more films: The Chronicles of Narnia: Prince Caspian and The Chronicles of Narnia: The Voyage of the Dawn Treader.
section_header: Summary
text: The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe is a fantasy novel for children by C. S. Lewis, published by Geoffrey Bles in 1950.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Two of Peter and Katheryn Wagner's boys played pro-ball.
Wikipedia page: Honus Wagner (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: In their free time, he and his brothers played sandlot baseball and developed their skills to such an extent that three of his brothers went on to become professionals as well.
section_header: Summary
text: Johannes Peter "Honus" Wagner (; February 24, 1874 – December 6, 1955), sometimes referred to as "Hans" Wagner, was an American baseball shortstop who played 21 seasons in Major League Baseball from 1897 to 1917, almost entirely for the Pittsburgh Pirates.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Carlton played for 6 different teams during his career in MLB.
Wikipedia page: Steve Carlton (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: He played in Major League Baseball as a left-handed pitcher for six different teams from 1965 to 1988, most notably as a member of the Philadelphia Phillies with whom he won four Cy Young Awards as well as the 1980 World Series.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Walpole married a woman and had five children.
Wikipedia page: Robert Walpole (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Marriage and children | Catherine Shorter
text: Together they had two daughters and three sons: Robert who married Margaret Rolle (17 January 1709 – 13 January 1781), later the 15th Baroness Clinton, in 1724.
section_header: Marriage and children | Catherine Shorter
text: On 30 July 1700, Walpole married Catherine, daughter of John Shorter of Bybrook in Ashford, Kent.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Pirates of the Caribbean: On Stranger Tides is the fourth installment in the Pirates of the Caribbean film series and a standalone sequel to At World's End (2007), and currently ranks as the most expensive film ever made costing $400 million.
Wikipedia page: Pirates of the Caribbean: On Stranger Tides (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Following inflated production costs which ballooned the net budget to $379 million, the film currently ranks as the most expensive film ever made.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: In 2018, one of Willem Dafoe's roles was portraying Vincent van Gogh.
Wikipedia page: Willem Dafoe (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Biography | 2010–present: Continued acclaim and success
text: The same year, Dafoe played Vincent van Gogh in the film At Eternity's Gate, for which he received the Volpi Cup for Best Actor and an Academy Award for Best Actor nomination among other awards and accolades.
section_header: Biography | 2010–present: Continued acclaim and success
text: He later played Nuidis Vulko in a leading role in James Wan's 2018 film Aquaman.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Ragnar Lodbrok was the father of the King of Sweden, Sigurd Ring, and fought many raids with the Romans.
Wikipedia page: Ragnar Lodbrok (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: According to the sagas Ragnarssona þáttr and Sögubrot af nokkrum fornkonungum, Ragnar Lodbrok's father was the legendary king of the Swedes, Sigurd Ring.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Tony Gwynn was 65 when he passed away.
Wikipedia page: Tony Gwynn (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Gwynn died of salivary gland cancer in 2014 at the age of 54.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Three of the members of the Backstreet Boys played survivors of an undead disease event in a mid 2010s motion picture that was written by one of them.
Wikipedia page: Backstreet Boys (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: History | 2015–present: Dead 7 film, Las Vegas residency, and DNA
text: In August 2015, band members Carter, Dorough, and McLean filmed a movie that Carter wrote entitled Dead 7.
section_header: History | 2015–present: Dead 7 film, Las Vegas residency, and DNA
text: The film centers around a ragtag band of gunslingers operating during a post-apocalyptic zombie plague.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Francis Marion survived a ship's accident when he was a teenager.
Wikipedia page: Francis Marion (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: Around the age of 15, he was hired on a ship bound for the West Indies which sank on his first voyage; the crew escaped on a lifeboat but had to spend one week at sea before reaching land.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Honus Wagner has a rare sports card that was made without his permission during his time playing as a shortstop.
Wikipedia page: Honus Wagner (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Professional career | T206 Baseball card
text: The T206 Honus Wagner baseball card is one of the rarest and most expensive baseball cards in the world, as only 57 copies are known to exist.
section_header: Professional career | T206 Baseball card
text: According to an October 12, 1912 issue of The Sporting News, Wagner did not give his consent to appear on the baseball card.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Critics of the time didn't use any weird or creepy language to describe the actors.
Wikipedia page: Since You Went Away (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Reception
text: Robert Walker is uncommonly appealing as the young soldier whom she tragically adores, and Shirley Temple, now grown to "teen-age freshness", is pert as the young sister.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The American actor James Stewart was in 80 films over 55 years and won three academy awards but he started as a stage actor.
Wikipedia page: James Stewart (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Goes to Washington (1939). He won his only Academy Award for Best Actor for his work in the screwball comedy The Philadelphia Story (1940), which also starred Katharine Hepburn and Cary Grant.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: One of Tupac Shakur's birth names included Crooks.
Wikipedia page: Tupac Shakur (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Tupac Amaru Shakur ( TOO-pahk shə-KOOR; born Lesane Parish Crooks, June 16, 1971 – September 13, 1996), better known by his stage name 2Pac, was an American rapper and actor.
section_header: Personal life
text: While born Lesane Parish Crooks, he was renamed, at age one, after Túpac Amaru II (the descendant of the last Incan ruler, Túpac Amaru), who was executed in Peru in 1781 after his failed revolt against Spanish rule.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: We use sonars to estimate the acceleration.
Wikipedia page: Acceleration (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Definition and properties | Other forms
text: Proper acceleration, the acceleration of a body relative to a free-fall condition, is measured by an instrument called an accelerometer.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Mark Anthony died during a war.
Wikipedia page: Mark Antony (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Antony and Cleopatra fled to Egypt, where after a minor victory at the  Battle of Alexandria they committed suicide.
section_header: Master of the Roman East | Death
text: With no other refuge to escape to, Antony committed suicide by stabbing himself with his sword in the mistaken belief that Cleopatra had already done so.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Arsenal Football Club was created by a bunch of Soldiers just getting back from the war.
Wikipedia page: Arsenal F.C. (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: History | 1886–1919: Changing names
text: In October 1886, Scotsman David Danskin and his fellow 15 munitions workers in Woolwich, now South East London, formed Arsenal as Dial Square, with each member contributing sixpence and Danskin adding another three shillings to help form the club.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Beijing Capital International Airport has been open since the late 1950s and was ranked number one once for Best Airport.
Wikipedia page: Beijing Capital International Airport (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Accolades
text: 2009 – 1st on the ranking of the World's Best Airport by Condé Nast Traveler magazine, based on its satisfaction survey.
section_header: History
text: Beijing Airport was opened on 1 March 1958.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Brad Pitt has two brothers, Alan and Andrew Pitt.
Wikipedia page: Brad Pitt (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: The family soon moved to Springfield, Missouri, where he lived together with his younger siblings, Douglas Mitchell (born 1966) and Julie Neal (born 1969).
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Shaka was the leader of Zulu from 1816 to 1828 when he was murdered at the age of 40.
Wikipedia page: Shaka (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: King Shaka kaSenzangakhona (c. July 1787 – 22 September 1828), also known as Shaka Zulu (Zulu pronunciation: [ˈʃaːɠa]), was the King of the Zulu Kingdom from 1816 to 1828.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Reflection can apply to many different mediums.
Wikipedia page: Reflection (physics) (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Reflection is the change in direction of a wavefront at an interface between two different media so that the wavefront returns into the medium from which it originated.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Vladimir Guerrero played more than 20 seasons in Minor League Baseball.
Wikipedia page: Vladimir Guerrero (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Vladimir Alvino Guerrero Sr. (born February 9, 1975), is a Dominican former professional baseball player and Hall of Famer, who spent 16 seasons in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a right fielder and designated hitter.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Paraguayan War pitted Paraguay against Argentina, Brazil and Uruguay and is the deadliest inter-state war in Latin America.
Wikipedia page: Paraguayan War (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The Paraguayan War, also known as the War of the Triple Alliance was a South American war fought from 1864 to 1870, between Paraguay and the Triple Alliance of Argentina, the Empire of Brazil, and Uruguay.
section_header: Opposing forces | Brazil and its allies
text: At the beginning of the war the military forces of Brazil, Argentina and Uruguay were far smaller than Paraguay's.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Titration is common in restaurants.
Wikipedia page: Titration (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Titration (also known as titrimetry and volumetric analysis) is a common laboratory method of quantitative chemical analysis to determine the concentration of an identified analyte (a substance to be analyzed).
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Plato's moniker was given by his family.
Wikipedia page: Plato (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Biography | Early life | Name
text: However, another scholar claims that "there is good reason for not dismissing [the idea that Aristocles was Plato's given name] as a mere invention of his biographers", noting how prevalent that account is in our sources.
section_header: Biography | Early life | Name
text: The sources of Diogenes Laërtius account for this by claiming that his wrestling coach, Ariston of Argos, dubbed him "broad" on account of his chest and shoulders, or that Plato derived his name from the breadth of his eloquence, or his wide forehead.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Chicago's airport, O'Hare, is the world's biggest airport in the US.
Wikipedia page: Chicago (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Infrastructure | Transportation | Airports
text: In 2005, O'Hare was the world's busiest airport by aircraft movements and the second-busiest by total passenger traffic.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Henry IV was assassinated by one his guards in 1610.
Wikipedia page: Henry IV of France (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: He was assassinated in 1610 by François Ravaillac, a fanatical Catholic, and was succeeded by his son Louis XIII.The son of Antoine de Bourbon, Duke of Vendôme and Jeanne d'Albret, the Queen of Navarre, Henry was baptised as a Catholic but raised in the Protestant faith by his mother.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Mark Antony's birthplace is the current day capital of Italy.
Wikipedia page: Mark Antony (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: A member of the plebeian Antonia gens, Antony was born in Rome on 14 January 83 BC.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Twitter moved up to the third-highest-ranking social networking site in January 2009.
Wikipedia page: Twitter (Technology)
Evidence:
section_header: History | 2007–2010
text: As noted on Compete.com, Twitter moved up to the third-highest-ranking social networking site in January 2009 from its previous rank of twenty-second.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Shaka's reign lasted 12 years.
Wikipedia page: Shaka (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: King Shaka kaSenzangakhona (c. July 1787 – 22 September 1828), also known as Shaka Zulu (Zulu pronunciation: [ˈʃaːɠa]), was the King of the Zulu Kingdom from 1816 to 1828.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Within the inner core there is an innermost inner core, inner inner core, outer inner core and inner outer core.
Wikipedia page: Inner core (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Structure | Multiple layers
text: A. Wang and X. Song recently proposed a three-layer model, with an "inner inner core" (IIC) with about 500 km radius, an "outer inner core" (OIC) layer about 600 km thick, and an isotropic shell 100 km thick.
section_header: Structure | Multiple layers
text: In 2002, M. Ishii and A. Dziewoński presented evidence that the solid inner core contained an "innermost inner core" (IMIC) with somewhat different properties than the shell around it.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The statue is made of marble, stone and gold.
Wikipedia page: Christ the Redeemer (statue) (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: It is made of reinforced concrete and soapstone.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: William Jennings Bryan was the youngest major party presidential nominee, the youngest person in U.S. history to receive an electoral vote, and the only individual who has never won a presidential election after receiving electoral votes in all 3 elections.
Wikipedia page: William Jennings Bryan (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Presidential candidate and party leader | Presidential election of 1908
text: Since the ratification of the Twelfth Amendment, Bryan and Henry Clay are the lone individuals who received electoral votes in three separate presidential elections but lost all three elections.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Collagen is a key factor in repairing the body.
Wikipedia page: Collagen (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Medical uses | Wound healing
text: Collagen is one of the body's key natural resources and a component of skin tissue that can benefit all stages of wound healing.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Master and Commander: The Far Side of the World was entirely fimed in the Galapagos Islands.
Wikipedia page: Master and Commander: The Far Side of the World (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Production | Development
text: The on-location shots of the Galapagos were unique for a feature film as normally only documentaries are filmed on the islands.
section_header: Plot
text: Following the privateer south, Surprise rounds Cape Horn and heads to the Galapagos Islands,
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Rabbit Maranville played two positions, both as pitcher and right fielder.
Wikipedia page: Rabbit Maranville (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Walter James Vincent "Rabbit" Maranville (November 11, 1891 – January 6, 1954) was an American professional baseball shortstop, second baseman and manager.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Luis Aparicio was the don of the Gambino family in 1954.
Wikipedia page: Luis Aparicio (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Luis Ernesto Aparicio Montiel (born April 29, 1934), nicknamed "Little Louie", is a Venezuelan former professional baseball player who is notable for being the first player from Venezuela to be inducted into the National Baseball Hall of Fame.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: This structure is only one of its kind.
Wikipedia page: Christ the Redeemer (statue) (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Similar structures
text: Christ the Redeemer in Rio Verde, Goiás, Brazil Christ in the Mount in Pitangui, Minas Gerais, Brazil
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Andy Cooper was a pitcher in the Negro Leagues and is a Texan.
Wikipedia page: Andy Cooper (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The Texan was 6 feet 2 inches (188 cm) tall and weighed 220 pounds (100 kg; 16 st).
section_header: Summary
text: Andrew Lewis Cooper (April 24, 1898 – June 3, 1941), nicknamed "Lefty", was an American left-handed pitcher in baseball's Negro Leagues.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The statue is built in Neoclassical style of Jesus Christ.
Wikipedia page: Christ the Redeemer (statue) (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Christ the Redeemer (Portuguese: Cristo Redentor, standard Brazilian Portuguese: [ˈkɾistu ʁedenˈtoʁ], local pronunciation: [ˈkɾiɕtŭ̻ xe̞denˈtoɦ]) is an Art Deco statue of Jesus Christ in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, created by French sculptor Paul Landowski and built by Brazilian engineer Heitor da Silva Costa, in collaboration with French engineer Albert Caquot.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Three Tall Women was about the life of three tall sisters.
Wikipedia page: Three Tall Women (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Characters
text: The Boy: The son of the three women, he does not play a speaking role but is the subject of much discussion among them.
section_header: Productions
text: During the run, Seldes assumed the role of "A," with Joan Van Ark and Frances Conroy assuming the role of "B." During the run, Seldes assumed the role of "A," with Joan Van Ark and Frances Conroy assuming the role of "B." The play premiered in the West End at the Wyndham's Theatre in October 1994, directed by Anthony Page and featuring Maggie Smith (Elder Tall Woman), Frances de la Tour (Middle Tall Woman), Anastasia Hille (Younger Tall Woman), and John Ireland (the Boy).The play opened in Washington, D.C. at The Kennedy Center's Eisenhower Theater on November 9, 1995.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: In Old Chicago is about the strike in Chicago.
Wikipedia page: In Old Chicago (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The film is a fictionalized account about the Great Chicago Fire of 1871 and stars Alice Brady as Mrs. O'Leary, the owner of the cow which started the fire, and Tyrone Power and Don Ameche as her sons.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Hong Kong has an unprecedented record number of the tall structures.
Wikipedia page: Hong Kong (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Geography | Architecture
text: Hong Kong has the world's largest number of skyscrapers, with 317 towers taller than 150 metres (490 ft), and the third-largest number of high-rise buildings in the world.
section_header: Summary
text: The city has the largest number of skyscrapers of any city in the world, and its residents have some of the highest life expectancies in the world.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The way mass is distributed through an object affects its inertia.
Wikipedia page: Moment of inertia (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Definition
text: An arbitrary object's moment of inertia thus depends on the spatial distribution of its mass.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Places in the Heart is a movie that was filmed in the city where the story took place, and about the same time period the story was written.
Wikipedia page: Places in the Heart (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Places in the Heart is a 1984 American drama film written and directed by Robert Benton about a Depression-era Texas widow who tries to save her family farm with the help of a blind white man and a poor black man.
section_header: Plot
text: It is 1935 and Waxahachie, Texas, is a small, segregated town in the midst of the Great Depression.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: France national football team sport the same three colors as the American flag.
Wikipedia page: France national football team (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Team image | Nickname
text: The team is also referred to as Les Tricolores or L'Equipe Tricolore (The Tri-color Team) due to the team's utilization of the country's national colors: blue, white, and red.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Paraguay's natives can read better than the rest of the inhabitants by a large margin.
Wikipedia page: Paraguay (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Economy | Social issues | Social issues of the indigenous
text: Literacy rates are extremely low among Paraguay's indigenous population, who have an illiteracy rate of 51% compared to the 7.1% rate of the general population.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Dave Brubeck's musical group toured many countries.
Wikipedia page: Dave Brubeck (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Dave Brubeck Quartet
text: The group visited Poland, Turkey, India, Sri Lanka (then Ceylon), Pakistan, Iran and Iraq on behalf of the U.S. Government.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Paraguayan War resulted in Paraguay gaining land.
Wikipedia page: Paraguayan War (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The Paraguayan War, also known as the War of the Triple Alliance was a South American war fought from 1864 to 1870, between Paraguay and the Triple Alliance of Argentina, the Empire of Brazil, and Uruguay.
section_header: Summary
text: It particularly devastated Paraguay, which suffered catastrophic losses in population (the numbers are disputed and the true mortality rate may never be known), and it was forced to cede territory in dispute with Argentina and Brazil.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Sergeant York received many accolades as soldier and enlisted with the Marines.
Wikipedia page: Sergeant York (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: York was drafted during World War I; he initially claimed conscientious objector status on the grounds that his religious denomination forbade violence.
section_header: Summary
text: ,  was one of the most decorated  United States Army soldiers of World War I.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: For some reason it's been decided that the varieties of Neutrino should be referenced by a word that generally means 'taste' instead of 'variation' or 'type'.
Wikipedia page: Neutrino (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Properties and reactions | Flavor, mass, and their mixing
text: Weak interactions create neutrinos in one of three leptonic flavors: electron neutrinos (νe), muon neutrinos (νμ), or tau neutrinos (ντ), associated with the corresponding charged leptons, the electron (e−), muon (μ−), and tau (τ−), respectively.
section_header: Properties and reactions | Flavor, mass, and their mixing
text: Although neutrinos were long believed to be massless, it is now known that there are  three discrete neutrino masses; each neutrino flavor state is a linear combination of the three discrete mass eigenstates.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Benjamin Britten suffered all his life from a venereal disease.
Wikipedia page: Benjamin Britten (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Personal life and character | Controversies | Cause of death
text: In response, Britten's consultant cardiologist said that, like all the hospital's similar cases, Britten was routinely screened for syphilis before the operation, with negative results.
section_header: Personal life and character | Controversies | Cause of death
text: He described as "complete rubbish" Kildea's allegation that the surgeon who operated on Britten in 1973 would or even could have covered up a syphilitic condition.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Emma Thompson started her acting career in children's television.
Wikipedia page: Emma Thompson (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Acting career | 1980s: Breaking through
text: The following year, she wrote and starred in her own sketch comedy series for BBC, Thompson, but this was poorly received.
section_header: Early life
text: At Cambridge, Thompson was invited into Footlights, the university's prestigious sketch comedy troupe, by its president, Martin Bergman, becoming its first female member.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Nicki Minaj is a musical performer who is known for her provocative lyrics in her rap songs.
Wikipedia page: Nicki Minaj (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Public image | Influence
text: You've got to have something else to go with that." However, later in her career, Minaj embraced her sexuality and frequently attracted media attention for her sexually explicit and provocative lyrics, performances, and social media presence.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Ed Walsh was a pitcher for the White Sox.
Wikipedia page: Ed Walsh (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: After the 1903 season, the Chicago White Sox purchased Walsh's contract for $750.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: David Bowie was in several bands before becoming successful.
Wikipedia page: David Bowie (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Music career | 1962–1967: Early career to debut album
text: Bowie formed his first band, the Konrads, in 1962 at the age of 15.
section_header: Music career | 1962–1967: Early career to debut album
text: Frustrated by his bandmates' limited aspirations, Bowie left the Konrads and joined another band, the King Bees.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The film Boyhood ends after the main character starts his studies at a university.
Wikipedia page: Boyhood (film) (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Production | Development
text: He said: "I've long wanted to tell the story of a parent–child relationship that follows a boy from the first through the 12th grade and ends with him going off to college.
section_header: Plot
text: At Sul Ross State University in Alpine, Mason moves into his dorm and meets his new roommate Dalton, Dalton's girlfriend Barb, and Barb's roommate, Nicole.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Eisenhower had 6 siblings.
Wikipedia page: Dwight D. Eisenhower (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life and education
text: Dwight David Eisenhower was born on October 14, 1890, in Denison, Texas, the third of seven sons.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Vyacheslav Mikhailovich Molotov lived his whole life in Russia.
Wikipedia page: Vyacheslav Molotov (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Biography | Minister of Foreign Affairs (1939–1949)
text: Never having lived abroad, Molotov always suspected that there was something impure and sinful in Litvinov's broad mindedness and appreciation of Western civilisation.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The 1838-1839 war between the U.S. and U.K. called The Aroostook War was the last major conflict between the two countries.
Wikipedia page: Aroostook War (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Diplomatic settlement
text: The episode was to be the last serious confrontation between the US and the United Kingdom.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Brown was sometimes referred to as "Home Run" in MLB.
Wikipedia page: Willard Brown (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Willard Jessie Brown (June 26, 1915 – August 4, 1996), nicknamed "Home Run" Brown, was an American baseball player who played outfielder in the Negro leagues and in Major League Baseball (MLB).
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: In the movie The Quiet Man, Sean is a former boxer.
Wikipedia page: The Quiet Man (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Plot
text: Portrayed in a flashback earlier in the film, scenes depict the event, which occurred during his career as a professional heavyweight boxer in the United States.
section_header: Plot
text: Sean's quiet manner and reluctance to fight for his new wife's dowry are attributed to a tragedy he experienced prior to his return to Ireland.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Moon and Sixpence is a play and is based on the life of a poet.
Wikipedia page: The Moon and Sixpence (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The story is in part based on the life of the painter Paul Gauguin.
section_header: Summary
text: The Moon and Sixpence is a novel by W. Somerset Maugham first published in April 15th, 1919.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Ragnar Lodbrok was the son of the Swedes and a renown hero.
Wikipedia page: Ragnar Lodbrok (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Ragnar Lodbrok or Lothbrok (Old Norse: Ragnarr Loðbrók, "Ragnar shaggy breeches", Modern Icelandic: Ragnar Loðbrók) is a historically dubious legendary Viking hero, as well as, according to the Gesta Danorum, a legendary Danish and Swedish king.
section_header: Summary
text: According to the sagas Ragnarssona þáttr and Sögubrot af nokkrum fornkonungum, Ragnar Lodbrok's father was the legendary king of the Swedes, Sigurd Ring.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: A Place in the Sun is a comedy movie.
Wikipedia page: A Place in the Sun (film) (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: A Place in the Sun is a 1951 American drama film based on the 1925 novel An American Tragedy by Theodore Dreiser and the 1926 play, also titled An American Tragedy.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Force Awakens is the first Star Wars film that returned to focus heavily on the Japanese movie goers and 3D viewing while offering discounts on video games for Wii U.
Wikipedia page: Star Wars: The Force Awakens (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Release | Marketing
text: On December 17, 2015, select theaters across North America aired a Star Wars marathon, airing the six previous Star Wars episode films in 2D, followed by The Force Awakens in 3D. Attendees received a special lanyard featuring exclusive marathon art.
section_header: Reception | Box office | Commercial analysis
text: The Star Wars franchise has traditionally lacked resonance with filmgoers in China, and marketing for The Force Awakens heavily focused on appealing to that market.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Statue of Liberty is made from lead.
Wikipedia page: Statue of Liberty (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The copper statue, a gift from the people of France to the people of the United States, was designed by French sculptor Frédéric Auguste Bartholdi and its metal framework was built by Gustave Eiffel.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Robert Walpole had eighteen siblings.
Wikipedia page: Robert Walpole (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: One of 19 children, he was the third son and fifth child of Robert Walpole, a member of the local gentry and a Whig politician who represented the borough of Castle Rising in the House of Commons, and his wife Mary Walpole, the daughter and heiress of Sir Geoffrey Burwell of Rougham, Suffolk.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Road to Perdition is a movie about the an Irish mob member.
Wikipedia page: Road to Perdition (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Plot
text: In 1931, during the Great Depression, Michael Sullivan, Sr. is an enforcer for Irish mob boss John Rooney in Rock Island, Illinois.
section_header: Summary
text: The plot takes place in 1931, during the Great Depression, following a mob enforcer and his son as they seek vengeance against a mobster who murdered the rest of their family.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The one who 'Lay's Dying" actually does so quite early in the book, and her death is the reason behind denture acquisition and a marriage.
Wikipedia page: As I Lay Dying (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Plot summary
text: In the novel's first chapters, Addie is alive, though in ill health.
section_header: Plot summary
text: It is the story of the death of Addie Bundren and her poor, rural family's quest and motivations—noble or selfish—to honor her wish to be buried in her hometown of Jefferson, Mississippi.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Pompeii was a city that was destroyed by an eruption of Mount Vesuvius that covered the city in ash and later flooded and is now underwater.
Wikipedia page: Pompeii (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Pompeii is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and is one of the most popular tourist attractions in Italy, with approximately 2.5 million visitors annually.
section_header: Summary
text: After many excavations prior to 1960 that had uncovered most of the city but left it in decay, further major excavations were banned and instead they were limited to targeted, prioritised areas.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: A Christmas Carol is a story that follows a grumpy old man.
Wikipedia page: A Christmas Carol (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: A Christmas Carol recounts the story of Ebenezer Scrooge, an elderly miser who is visited by the ghost of his former business partner Jacob Marley and the spirits of Christmas Past, Present and Yet to Come.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The knowledge about the Earth's inner core is purely non physical.
Wikipedia page: Inner core (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Information about the Earth's core mostly comes from analysis of seismic waves and the Earth's magnetic field.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: It was ranked number fifteen out of one hundred on the Modern Library best English novels of the twentieth century.
Wikipedia page: To the Lighthouse (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: In 1998, the Modern Library named To the Lighthouse No. 15 on its list of the 100 best English-language novels of the 20th century.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Scarlet Letter is a fictional book about a woman who gets pregnant with a daughter by an affair she is having in the 17th century.
Wikipedia page: The Scarlet Letter (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Set in Puritan Massachusetts Bay Colony during the years 1642 to 1649, the novel tells the story of Hester Prynne who conceives a daughter through an affair and then struggles to create a new life of repentance and dignity.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: John Quincy Adams, the 78-year-old former president suffered a stroke that left him partially paralyzed, but after a few months of rest, he made a full recovery and resumed his duties in Congress.
Wikipedia page: John Quincy Adams (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Later congressional career (1830–1848) | Death
text: In mid-November 1846, the 78-year-old former president suffered a stroke that left him partially paralyzed.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Duke Snider played for three major league teams in his career.
Wikipedia page: Duke Snider (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Primarily a center fielder, he spent most of his Major League Baseball (MLB) career playing for the Brooklyn and Los Angeles Dodgers (1947–1962), later playing one season each for the New York Mets (1963) and San Francisco Giants (1964).
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Scarlett Johansson is an American actress that has won multiple acting awards including an Oscar.
Wikipedia page: Scarlett Johansson (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: She is the recipient of numerous accolades, including a Tony Award and a BAFTA Award, as well as nominations for two Academy Awards and five Golden Globe Awards.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Earth Wind & Fire's first name was "The Sweet Peppers".
Wikipedia page: Earth, Wind & Fire (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: History | 1969–1970: Beginnings
text: Calling themselves "The Salty Peppers", they went on to have a marginal hit single in the Midwestern area titled "La La Time".
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Vladimir Guerrero was born in the Dominican Republic in 1970s and won the Home Run Derby.
Wikipedia page: Vladimir Guerrero (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Vladimir Alvino Guerrero Sr. (born February 9, 1975), is a Dominican former professional baseball player and Hall of Famer, who spent 16 seasons in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a right fielder and designated hitter.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Master and commander movie reached the first position during its first week.
Wikipedia page: Master and Commander: The Far Side of the World (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Release | Box office
text: Master and Commander opened #2 in the first weekend of North American release, November 14–16, 2003, earning $25,105,990.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Three Tall Women is a three-act play by Edward Albee, written in 1990, which won the 1994 Pulitzer Prize for Drama, as well as the Drama Critics Circle, Lucille Lortel, and Outer Critics Circle awards for best play.
Wikipedia page: Three Tall Women (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Three Tall Women is a two-act play by Edward Albee, written in 1990, which won the 1994 Pulitzer Prize for Drama, Albee's third Pulitzer.
Verdict: REFUTES