tasksource/fool-me-twice huggingface dataset:
Claim: Gerty Theresa Cori, named after an English warship, was an Austro-Hungarian-American biochemist who in 1947 was the third woman to win a Nobel Prize in science, and the first woman to be awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, for her role in the discovery of glycogen metabolism.
Wikipedia page: Gerty Theresa Cori (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Gerty was not a nickname, but rather she was named after an Austrian warship.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: A Place in the Sun is a movie based on a real-life man who gets a women pregnant and ends up being executed.
Wikipedia page: A Place in the Sun (film) (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: All these works were inspired by the real-life murder of Grace Brown by Chester Gillette in 1906, which resulted in Gillette's conviction and execution by electric chair in 1908.A Place in the Sun was directed by George Stevens from a screenplay by Harry Brown and Michael Wilson, and stars Montgomery Clift, Elizabeth Taylor, and Shelley Winters; its supporting actors included Anne Revere, and Raymond Burr.
section_header: Plot
text: When Alice announces that she is pregnant and makes it clear that she expects George to marry her, he puts her off, spending more and more of his time with Angela and his new well-heeled friends.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Lewis Cass was a pro-slavery politician who was on one Presidential Cabinet.
Wikipedia page: Lewis Cass (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: He represented Michigan in the United States Senate and served in the Cabinets of two U.S. Presidents, Andrew Jackson and James Buchanan.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Pontiac, an Odawa war chief, did not die of old age.
Wikipedia page: Pontiac (person) (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Final years
text: Lieutenant Pike, in his travels to the sources of the Mississippi, remarked, " By killing the celebrated Sauk chief, Pontiac, the Illinois, Cahokias, Kaskaskias, and Peorias kindled a war with the allied nations of the Sauks and Reynards, which has been the cause of the almost entire destruction of the former nations." According to a story recorded by historian Francis Parkman in The Conspiracy of Pontiac (1851), a terrible war of retaliation against the Peoria resulted from Pontiac's murder.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The 1952 film The Quiet Man is preserved in the United States National Film Registry.
Wikipedia page: The Quiet Man (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The Quiet Man is a 1952 American romantic comedy-drama film directed by John Ford.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Perry spent 19 seasons in the MLB and played for at least 6 teams.
Wikipedia page: Gaylord Perry (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: He played in Major League Baseball as a right-handed pitcher for eight different teams from 1962 to 1983.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Gertrude B. Elion's grandmother helped her decide her career path after her death.
Wikipedia page: Gertrude B. Elion (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life and education
text: When she was 15, her grandfather died of stomach cancer, and being with him during his last moments inspired the multi talented Gertrude to pursue a career in science and medicine in college.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Statue of Liberty is 18 meters tall.
Wikipedia page: Statue of Liberty (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Design and construction process | Origin
text: The defiant lion, 73 feet (22 m) long and half that in height, displays an emotional quality characteristic of Romanticism, which Bartholdi would later bring to the Statue of Liberty.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: A neutrino is a fermion that interacts only via the strong subatomic force and gravity was named because it is electrically neutral and because its rest mass is so small ( -ino) that it was long thought to be zero.
Wikipedia page: Neutrino (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: A neutrino ( or ) (denoted by the Greek letter ν) is a fermion (an elementary particle with spin of 1/2) that interacts only via the weak subatomic force and gravity.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Carlton retired to a simple life of farming.
Wikipedia page: Steve Carlton (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Personal
text: Carlton has an orchard and 150 fruit trees, saying, "Before Al Gore was green
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The American singer, Meat-Loaf is a Texan.
Wikipedia page: Meat Loaf (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: Marvin Lee Aday was born in Dallas, Texas, the only child of Wilma Artie (née Hukel), a school teacher and a member of the Vo-di-o-do Girls gospel quartet, and Orvis Wesley Aday, a former police officer who went into business with his wife and one of their friends as the Griffin Grocery Company, selling a homemade cough remedy.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The book series' first run didn't attract negative attention by anybody except Christians, the pope, and other very theistic sorts.
Wikipedia page: Harry Potter (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Reception | Controversies
text: Various religious fundamentalists have claimed that the books promote witchcraft and religions such as Wicca and are therefore unsuitable for children, while a number of critics have criticised the books for promoting various political agendas.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The United States makes up over 30 percent of the of the world's products.
Wikipedia page: United States (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Economy
text: According to the International Monetary Fund, the U.S. GDP of $16.8 trillion constitutes 24% of the gross world product at market exchange rates and over 19% of the gross world product at purchasing power parity (PPP).
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Since You Went Away is a 1944 American drama film about ordinary people in a mid-size downtown with a large church to organize sending out care packages filled with vegetables and rations to the men at war overseas.
Wikipedia page: Since You Went Away (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The film is set in a mid-sized American town, where people with loved ones in the Armed Forces try to cope with their changed circumstances and make their own contributions to the war effort.
section_header: Plot summary
text: Anne has just returned from seeing her husband off to Camp Claiborne, and she and her daughters must adjust to Tim's absence and make other sacrifices for the war effort, including food rationing; planting a victory garden; giving up the services of their loyal maid Fidelia who nevertheless offers to continue working part-time for the Hiltons while foregoing wages; and taking in a boarder, the curmudgeonly retired Colonel Smollett.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: More than twenty Roman Catholic cardinals have a Twitter account.
Wikipedia page: Twitter (Technology)
Evidence:
section_header: Society | Impact | Religion
text: More than twenty Roman Catholic cardinals manage active Twitter accounts, nine of whom were cardinal electors for the 2013 Papal conclave.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Johnny Evers passed away the year after he had a stroke.
Wikipedia page: Johnny Evers (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Later life
text: Evers died of a cerebral hemorrhage in 1947 at St. Peter's Hospital in Albany, and is buried in Saint Mary's Cemetery in Troy.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The second largest city in Morocco, Casablanca was originally called Anfa and then later renamed by the Portuguese.
Wikipedia page: Casablanca (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Casablanca (Arabic: الدار البيضاء‎, romanized: Ad-dār al-Bayḍā' [adˈdaːru ɫbajdˤaːʔ] or كازابلانكا, the white house, Darija Accent [ænfæ] incline) is the largest city of Morocco.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The first Harry Potter book was released in 1998.
Wikipedia page: Harry Potter (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Since the release of the first novel, Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone, on 26 June 1997, the books have found immense popularity, critical acclaim and commercial success worldwide.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The name "Bonus Army" came from this unit being a supplementary force for the regular army during World War I.
Wikipedia page: Bonus Army (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: I's American Expeditionary Forces, while the media referred to them as the "Bonus Army" or "Bonus Marchers".
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Mel Ott received a critical injury in a car crash that resulted in his death.
Wikipedia page: Mel Ott (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Death
text: Ott was injured in an auto accident in Bay Saint Louis, Mississippi, in November of 1958.
section_header: Death
text: He was transferred to a hospital in New Orleans, where he died a week later at the age of 49.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Little Prince is one of the most popular and beloved foreign works of literature in China with more than 70 Chinese translations of the novella.
Wikipedia page: The Little Prince (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Literary translations and printed editions | Chinese editions
text: It is reported that there are more than 70 Chinese translations of the novella.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Russell was cast in her beginning work in the LA film industry as the well-dressed, worldly woman.
Wikipedia page: Rosalind Russell (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Career | Early career
text: In her first years in Hollywood, Russell was characterized, both in her personal life and film career, as a sophisticated lady.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: George III was nicknamed "Farmer George" by some.
Wikipedia page: George III of the United Kingdom (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Legacy
text: George III was dubbed "Farmer George" by satirists, at first to mock his interest in mundane matters rather than politics, but later to contrast his homely thrift with his son's grandiosity and to portray him as a man of the people.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Animal Farm is about some animals who rebel against their owner.
Wikipedia page: Animal Farm (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The book tells the story of a group of farm animals who rebel against their human farmer, hoping to create a society where the animals can be equal, free, and happy.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The novella A Christmas Carol by Charles Dickens, a.k.a. a Ghost Story of Christmas, popularised the now common phrase "Merry Christmas."
Wikipedia page: A Christmas Carol (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Legacy
text: The phrase "Merry Christmas" had been around for many years – the earliest known written  use was in a letter in 1534 – but Dickens's use of the phrase in A Christmas Carol popularised it among the Victorian public.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Iran no longer has beauty pageants and women must enter them outside of the country.
Wikipedia page: Iran (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Culture | Fashion and clothing
text: Beauty pageant festivals inside Iran were not held after the 1979 revolution, and the last selection ceremony of the "beauty queen of Iran" was held in 1978 in this country.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Richard the First was known for his compassion for the Jewish people's of the land.
Wikipedia page: Richard I of England (History)
Evidence:
section_header: King and crusader | Coronation and anti-Jewish violence
text: Among those killed was Jacob of Orléans, a respected Jewish scholar.
section_header: King and crusader | Coronation and anti-Jewish violence
text: Tradition barred all Jews and women from the investiture, but some Jewish leaders arrived to present gifts for the new king.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The actress Jennifer Aniston's father was an actor.
Wikipedia page: Jennifer Aniston (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: Aniston was born on February 11, 1969, in the Los Angeles neighborhood of Sherman Oaks, the daughter of Greek-born actor John Aniston and actress Nancy Dow.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Winesburg, Ohio is a film about a fictional town in Ohio.
Wikipedia page: Winesburg, Ohio (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Winesburg, Ohio (full title: Winesburg, Ohio: A Group of Tales of Ohio Small-Town Life) is a 1919 short story cycle by the American author Sherwood Anderson.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Vladimir Guerrero's brother does not play baseball.
Wikipedia page: Vladimir Guerrero (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Early years and family
text: One of nine children, Guerrero is the younger brother of ex-major leaguer Wilton Guerrero, who also played with the Montreal Expos (the two were teammates for several seasons).
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Lionel Richie, an American singer, songwriter, composer, multi-instrumentalist, record producer and actor, went to college on a tennis scholarship.
Wikipedia page: Lionel Richie (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: A star tennis player in Joliet, he accepted a tennis scholarship to attend Tuskegee Institute, where he graduated with a Bachelor of Science degree in economics.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Twitter blocked Putin-controlled media outlets from buying ads on the platform.
Wikipedia page: Twitter (Technology)
Evidence:
section_header: Finances | Advertising bans
text: In October 2017, Twitter banned the Russian media outlets RT and Sputnik from advertising on their website following the conclusions of the U.S. national intelligence report the previous January that both Sputnik and RT had been used as vehicles for Russia's interference in the 2016 US presidential election.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Han dynasty was the first imperial dynasty of China spanning over four centuries, and is considered a golden age in Chinese history.
Wikipedia page: Han dynasty (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The Han dynasty (Chinese: 漢朝; pinyin: Hàncháo) was the second imperial dynasty of China (202 BC–220 AD), preceded by the short-lived Qin dynasty (221–206 BC) and a warring interregnum known as the Chu-Han contention (206–202 BC), and succeeded by the Three Kingdoms period (220–280 AD).
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Georges Washington had seven siblings.
Wikipedia page: George Washington (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life (1732–1752)
text: George Washington was born February 22, 1732, at Popes Creek in Westmoreland County, Virginia, and was the first of six children of Augustine and Mary Ball Washington.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Jesse Haines told his first team that he wouldn't be able to play baseball on the Lord's Day.
Wikipedia page: Jesse Haines (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: His parents did not approve of him playing baseball on Sundays, so Haines used to sneak away, hiding his uniform in a corn crib and changing clothes in a cornfield.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The laboratory technique for the separation of a mixture called chromatography was invented in 1900.
Wikipedia page: Chromatography (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: History
text: Chromatography was first employed in Russia by the Italian-born scientist Mikhail Tsvet in 1900.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Jesse Haines had over a .500 record and is a member of a hall of fame.
Wikipedia page: Jesse Haines (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: In 2014, he was inducted into the St. Louis Cardinals Hall of Fame Museum.
section_header: Summary
text: After retiring in 1937 with a 210–158 win-loss record, Haines was a coach with the Brooklyn Dodgers in 1938.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Bay of Pigs invasion was financed and organized by Canada.
Wikipedia page: Bay of Pigs Invasion (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Covertly financed and directed by the U.S. government, the operation took place at the height of the Cold War, and its failure led to major shifts in international relations between Cuba, the United States, and the Soviet Union.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Joe Medwick is from Manchester.
Wikipedia page: Joe Medwick (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: The son of Hungarian immigrants, Medwick was born and raised in Carteret, New Jersey.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Joe Medwick did shine in other sports such as basketball.
Wikipedia page: Joe Medwick (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: He excelled in baseball, basketball, football, and track at Carteret High School.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Anthony Quinn's full name has five words in it.
Wikipedia page: Anthony Quinn (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Manuel Antonio Rodolfo Quinn Oaxaca (April 21, 1915 – June 3, 2001), known professionally as Anthony Quinn, was a Mexican-American actor, painter, writer and film director who achieved international renown.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: It's a Mad, Mad, Mad, Mad World was an action adventure movie about a group of mentally ill patients that escaped from a hospital to rob a bank.
Wikipedia page: It's a Mad, Mad, Mad, Mad World (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: It's a Mad, Mad, Mad, Mad World is a 1963 American comedy film produced and directed by Stanley Kramer with a screenplay by William Rose and Tania Rose from a story by Tania Rose.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Elon Musk is an entrepreneur and founded many companies like Boring Company.
Wikipedia page: Elon Musk (Technology)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Elon Reeve Musk (; born June 28, 1971) is an engineer, industrial designer, technology entrepreneur and philanthropist.
section_header: Summary
text: He is the founder, CEO, CTO and chief designer of SpaceX; early investor, CEO and product architect of Tesla, Inc.; founder of The Boring Company; co-founder of Neuralink; and co-founder and initial co-chairman of OpenAI.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Plumed Serpent is a 1926 political novel in which the novel received attention in Mexico, where its early reception was positive, and it was praised by the poet Octavio Paz, however, this response was later displaced by Mexican post-revolutionary nationalism and post-colonial studies.
Wikipedia page: The Plumed Serpent (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The Plumed Serpent is a 1926 political novel by D. H. Lawrence; Lawrence conceived the idea for the novel while visiting Mexico in 1923, and its themes reflect his experiences there.
section_header: Summary
text: However, this response was later displaced by Mexican post-revolutionary nationalism and post-colonial studies.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Chromatography has little to do with color in current processes, the moniker is a reference to the original use of the technique.
Wikipedia page: Chromatography (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: History
text: Since these components have different colors (green, orange, and yellow, respectively) they gave the technique its name.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Zola had a platonic relationship with Cezanne.
Wikipedia page: The Life of Emile Zola (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Plot
text: Set in the mid through late 19th century, the film depicts Zola's early friendship with Post-Impressionist painter Paul Cézanne, and his rise to fame through his prolific writing.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: American baseball player Rube Waddell was known for his focus and professionalism.
Wikipedia page: Rube Waddell (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Early baseball career
text: He would disappear for months at a time during the offseason, and it was not known where he went until it was discovered that he was wrestling alligators in a circus.
section_header: Early baseball career
text: He was notably unpredictable; early in his career, he would often leave in the middle of a game to go fishing.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Lion, the Witch, and the Wardrobe is 1 of the 7 books in the series written by  C. S. Lewis.
Wikipedia page: The Lion, the Witch, and the Wardrobe (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: It is the first published and best known of seven novels in The Chronicles of Narnia (1950–1956).
section_header: Reading order
text: The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe was originally published as the first book in the Narnia Chronicles.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Franklin Pierce is the tenth president of the America.
Wikipedia page: Franklin Pierce (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Franklin Pierce (November 23, 1804 – October 8, 1869) was the 14th president of the United States (1853–1857), a northern Democrat who saw the abolitionist movement as a fundamental threat to the unity of the nation.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: In old Chicago used to be the cheapest film that has ever been made.
Wikipedia page: In Old Chicago (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: At the time of its release, it was one of the most expensive movies ever made.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Johnny Evers played in the major leagues along with his cousin, Lloyd.
Wikipedia page: Johnny Evers (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Personal
text: Evers' brother, Joe Evers, and uncle, Tom Evers, also played in MLB.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Ed Walsh started play pro baseball in 1900
Wikipedia page: Ed Walsh (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: Walsh started his professional baseball career with the 1902 Wilkes-Barre Barons.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The White House was configured by an architect from Ireland.
Wikipedia page: White House (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The residence was designed by Irish-born architect James Hoban in the neoclassical style.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Gaylord Perry was known as a Major League pitcher who liked to add saliva to his pitch, or at least make batters believe that he was.
Wikipedia page: Gaylord Perry (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Despite Perry's notoriety for doctoring baseballs (e.g. throwing a spitball), and perhaps even more so for making batters think he was throwing them on a regular basis – he even went so far as to title his 1974 autobiography Me and the Spitter – he was not ejected for the illegal practice until August 23, 1982, in his 21st season in the majors.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Saturn's name comes from mythological gods.
Wikipedia page: Saturn (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Natural satellites
text: Traditionally, most of Saturn's moons have been named after Titans of Greek mythology.
section_header: Summary
text: Saturn is named after the Roman god of wealth and agriculture; its astronomical symbol (♄) represents the god's sickle.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Christina Aguilera's mother has musical talent too.
Wikipedia page: Christina Aguilera (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Life and career | 1980–1998: Early life and career beginnings
text: Christina María Aguilera was born in Staten Island, New York City, on December 18, 1980, to musician Shelly Loraine Kearns (née Fidler) and United States Army soldier Fausto Xavier Aguilera.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Pope Innocent III died a slow death and was buried in a cemetery.
Wikipedia page: Pope Innocent III (NOCAT)
Evidence:
section_header: Biography | Death and legacy
text: He was buried in the cathedral of Perugia, where his body remained until Pope Leo XIII had it transferred to the Lateran in December 1891.Innocent
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: It's a Mad, Mad, Mad, Mad World is a sci-fi thriller film.
Wikipedia page: It's a Mad, Mad, Mad, Mad World (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: It's a Mad, Mad, Mad, Mad World is a 1963 American comedy film produced and directed by Stanley Kramer with a screenplay by William Rose and Tania Rose from a story by Tania Rose.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Thoroughly Modern Millie is a modern drama movie about a flapper named Millie who witnesses the murder of a man with a candlestick while attending a dinner party.
Wikipedia page: Thoroughly Modern Millie (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Thoroughly Modern Millie is a 1967 American musical-romantic comedy film directed by George Roy Hill and starring Julie Andrews.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Vyacheslav Molotov's father used to dairy products.
Wikipedia page: Vyacheslav Molotov (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Biography | Early life and career (1890–1930)
text: Molotov was born Vyacheslav Mikhailovich Skryabin in the village of Kukarka, Yaransk Uyezd, Vyatka Governorate (now Sovetsk in Kirov Oblast), the son of a butter churner.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Ben Kingsley's parents are from India.
Wikipedia page: Ben Kingsley (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: His mother was English; she was born out of wedlock, and "was loath to speak of her background".
section_header: Early life
text: His father was born in Kenya and was of Gujarati Indian descent.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: By using a specific kind of mirror, an X-ray can be reflected.
Wikipedia page: Reflection (physics) (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Even hard X-rays and gamma rays can be reflected at shallow angles with special "grazing" mirrors.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Mosses from an Old Manse is a historical film that was shown in 1854.
Wikipedia page: Mosses from an Old Manse (NOCAT)
Evidence:
section_header: Background and publication history
text: The collection includes several previously-published short stories, and was named in honor of The Old Manse where Hawthorne and his wife lived for the first three years of their marriage.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Yonath was awarded a Nobel Prize in 2009.
Wikipedia page: Ada Yonath (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: In 2009, Yonath received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry along with Venkatraman Ramakrishnan and Thomas A. Steitz for her studies on the structure and function of the ribosome, becoming the first Israeli woman to win the Nobel Prize out of ten Israeli Nobel laureates, the first woman from the Middle East to win a Nobel prize in the sciences, and the first woman in 45 years to win the Nobel Prize for Chemistry.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Freddie Mercury was born in Casablanca.
Wikipedia page: Casablanca (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Demographics | Judaism in Casablanca
text: Today, the Jewish cemetery of Casablanca is one of the major cemeteries of the city, and many synagogues remain in service, but the city's Jewish community has dwindled.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Henry Morton Stanley's female parent got him when she was only 18.
Wikipedia page: Henry Morton Stanley (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: His mother Elizabeth Parry was 18 years old at the time of his birth.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: American Brewer Jacob Ruppert Jr. represented New York in the US House as a Republican from 1899 to 1907.
Wikipedia page: Jacob Ruppert (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Career | Political and business career
text: In the 1898 elections, Ruppert was elected to the United States House of Representatives as a member of the Democratic Party to the 56th United States Congress, defeating incumbent Philip B. Low of the Republican Party in New York's 15th congressional district.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Maugham wrote the satire in 1919
Wikipedia page: The Moon and Sixpence (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: About the title
text: The Moon and Sixpence is at once a satire of Edwardian mores and a Gauguin biography." According to some sources, the title, the meaning of which is not explicitly revealed in the book, was taken from a review of Maugham's novel Of Human Bondage in which the novel's protagonist, Philip Carey, is described as "so busy yearning for the moon that he never saw the sixpence at his feet." According to a 1956 letter from Maugham, "If you look on the ground in search of a sixpence, you don't look up, and so miss the moon.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: "All My Sons" is a dramatic play about a family's struggle to succeed in the railroad industry by supplying the military with supply transportation.
Wikipedia page: All My Sons (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Background
text: The news story described how in 1941–43 the Wright Aeronautical Corporation based in Ohio had conspired with army inspection officers to approve defective aircraft engines destined for military use.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Pope Innocent III of a Romanian prince lineage, was Europe's powerful leader who felt duty bound to motivate the cause of paganism.
Wikipedia page: Pope Innocent III (NOCAT)
Evidence:
section_header: Biography | Reassertion of papal power
text: This determination meant, among other things, that princes should not be involved in the selection of bishops, and it was focused especially on the "patrimonium" of the papacy, the section of central Italy claimed by the popes and later called the Papal States.
section_header: Biography | Early life
text: Lotario was the nephew of Pope Clement III; his mother, Claricia Scotti (Romani de Scotti), was from the same noble Roman family.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Type I collagens are the predominant type of collagen found in people.
Wikipedia page: Collagen (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Types
text: Over 90% of the collagen in the human body is type I collagen.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Suez Canal allows for boat transportation between Spain and Morocco.
Wikipedia page: Suez Canal (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The Suez Canal (Arabic: قناة السويس‎ qanāt as-suwēs) is an artificial sea-level waterway in Egypt, connecting the Mediterranean Sea to the Red Sea through the Isthmus of Suez.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Alfred Dreyfus's character was a dividing source of protest and debate as a Jewish French Military man.
Wikipedia page: Alfred Dreyfus (History)
Evidence:
section_header: The Dreyfus affair
text: When reports of an army cover-up and Dreyfus's possible innocence were leaked to the press, a heated debate ensued about anti-Semitism and France's identity as a Catholic nation or a republic founded on equal rights for all citizens.
section_header: Early life
text: The protest would later count against Dreyfus.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Jonas Brothers participated as themselves in a dramedy on MTV about rich kids at a NYC high school.
Wikipedia page: Jonas Brothers (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: They also starred as Kevin, Joe, and Nick Lucas from the band, JONAS, in their own Disney Channel series Jonas, which was rebranded as Jonas L.A. after the first season and cancelled after the second.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Cher does not support gay marriage and the LGBT community.
Wikipedia page: Cher (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Public image | As a gay icon
text: Cher is considered a gay icon, and has often been imitated by drag queens.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Trial has an eloquent and surprising conclusion.
Wikipedia page: The Trial (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Like Kafka's other novels, The Trial was never completed, although it does include a chapter which appears to bring the story to an intentionally abrupt ending.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Office follows a group of office workers throughout ten seasons.
Wikipedia page: The Office (US) (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: It aired on NBC from March 24, 2005, to May 16, 2013, lasting a total of nine seasons.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: American singer Cherilyn Sarkisian better known for her stage name Cher is famous for her deep sultry voice.
Wikipedia page: Cher (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Artistry | Music and voice
text: Cher has a contralto singing voice, described by author Nicholas E. Tawa as "bold, deep, and with a spacious vibrato".
section_header: Artistry | Music and voice
text: According to Rolling Stone's Christopher R. Weingarten, the "producers ... used the pitch correction software not as a way to fix mistakes in Cher's iconic voice, but as an aesthetic tool." After the success of the song, the technique became known as the "Cher effect" and has since been widely used in popular music.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The city of Chicago took it's name from a wild thorny tree native to the area.
Wikipedia page: Chicago (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Etymology and nicknames
text: Henri Joutel, in his journal of 1688, noted that the eponymous wild "garlic" grew abundantly in the area.
section_header: Etymology and nicknames
text: The name "Chicago" is derived from a French rendering of the indigenous Miami-Illinois word shikaakwa for a wild relative of the onion; it is known to botanists as Allium tricoccum and known more commonly as "ramps".
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The production and direction of the movie, Inception, starring Leonardo DiCaprio was done by a husband-wife duo.
Wikipedia page: Inception (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Inception is a 2010 science fiction action film written and directed by Christopher Nolan, who also produced the film with his wife, Emma Thomas.
Verdict: SUPPORTS