tasksource/fool-me-twice huggingface dataset:
Claim: In the Flavian Amphitheatre or The Colosseum which was mainly used for gladiatorial contests, could hold over 50,000 people and animal hunts continued until the 10th century.
Wikipedia page: Colosseum (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: History | Construction, inauguration, and Roman renovations
text: Animal hunts continued until at least 523, when Anicius Maximus celebrated his consulship with some venationes, criticised by King Theodoric the Great for their high cost.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Geroge H.W. Bush served in the United States Navy.
Wikipedia page: George H. W. Bush (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life and education (1924–1948) | World War II
text: On his 18th birthday, immediately after graduating from Phillips Academy, he enlisted in the United States Navy as a naval aviator.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: In Old Chicago movie won a Golden Globe for script.
Wikipedia page: In Old Chicago (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Awards
text: Alice Brady won the Oscar for Best Actress in a Supporting Role.
section_header: Awards
text: The film was also nominated in the categories of Music (Scoring), Sound Recording (E. H. Hansen), and Writing (Original Story), and won for Assistant Director (Robert D. Webb).
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The ancient city in modern day Italy Pompeii was destroyed in a layer of ash from a volcano.
Wikipedia page: Pompeii (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Pompeii, along with Herculaneum and many villas in the surrounding area (e.g. at Boscoreale, Stabiae), was buried under 4 to 6 m (13 to 20 ft) of volcanic ash and pumice in the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in AD 79.
section_header: Summary
text: Organic remains, including wooden objects and human bodies, were entombed in the ash and decayed leaving voids which archaeologists found could be used as moulds to make plaster casts of unique and often gruesome figures in their final moments of life.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Billy Herman took up coaching because he lost his job as a player.
Wikipedia page: Billy Herman (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Biography | Baseball career
text: After his firing by the Red Sox in September 1966, he coached for the California Angels (1967) and San Diego Padres (1978–79) and served in player development roles with the Padres and Oakland Athletics.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Rappaccini's Daughter was adapted to TV.
Wikipedia page: Rappaccini's Daughter (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Adaptations | Television
text: Lights Out, featuring the first screen appearance of Eli Wallach
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: All My Sons aired on the NBC television network from 1954-1961, making it one of television's longest continuously running prime-time dramas.
Wikipedia page: All My Sons (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: All My Sons is a three-act play written in 1946 by Arthur Miller.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Yonath is famous for her work on phloems.
Wikipedia page: Ada Yonath (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Ada E. Yonath (Hebrew: עדה יונת‎, pronounced [ˈada joˈnat]) (born 22 June 1939) is an Israeli crystallographer best known for her pioneering work on the structure of the ribosome.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Saturn has less mass than Earth's elements.
Wikipedia page: Saturn (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Physical characteristics | Atmosphere
text: The total mass of these heavier elements is estimated to be 19–31 times the mass of the Earth, with a significant fraction located in Saturn's core region.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: John Smoltz's retired playing for the Braves.
Wikipedia page: John Smoltz (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Minor leagues and trade to Atlanta
text: Smoltz, on the other hand, became one of the cornerstones of the Braves franchise for the next two decades.
section_header: Summary
text: John Andrew Smoltz (born May 15, 1967), nicknamed "Smoltzie" and "Marmaduke," is an American former baseball pitcher who played 22 seasons in Major League Baseball from 1988 to 2009, all but the last year with the Atlanta Braves.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The film was based off of a novel.
Wikipedia page: Road to Perdition (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Release | Home media
text: Max Allan Collins, who authored the graphic novel, was hired to write the novelization for the film adaptation.
section_header: Production | Writing
text: In the graphic novel, the son kills once, and in the film, he does not kill anyone.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Linda is now retired.
Wikipedia page: Linda Ronstadt (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Linda Maria Ronstadt (born July 15, 1946) is a retired American singer who performed and recorded in diverse genres including rock, country, light opera, and Latin.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Bush is a member of the Republican party.
Wikipedia page: George H. W. Bush (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: A member of the Republican Party, Bush also served in the U.S. House of Representatives, as U.S. Ambassador to the United Nations, as Director of Central Intelligence, and as the 43rd vice president.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Christ the Redeemer is in Brazil and has inspired many  replications including Christ the Forgiven in Mexico.
Wikipedia page: Christ the Redeemer (statue) (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Similar structures
text: Cristo del Otero in Palencia , Spain built in 1930 (21 m) Cristo Rey (statue, Mexico) located on the Cerro del Cubilete in Guanajuato, Mexico, inspired by Rio's Christ the Redeemer (23 m) Cristo Rey in Tenancingo, México, México (30 m) Christ Blessing in Manado, North Sulawesi, Indonesia (30 m) Christ of Havana in Havana, Cuba, inspired by Christ the Redeemer (20 m) Christ of the Abyss in various underwater locations
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Arthropods are identified by their lack of segments and appendages.
Wikipedia page: Arthropoda (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The arthropod body plan consists of segments, each with a pair of appendages.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Places in the Heart was filmed in the state of Texas.
Wikipedia page: Places in the Heart (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: It was filmed in Waxahachie, Texas, on Jack Davis' farm.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The XYZ affair happened during World War I.
Wikipedia page: XYZ Affair (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The XYZ Affair was a political and diplomatic episode in 1797 and 1798, early in the presidency of John Adams, involving a confrontation between the United States and Republican France that led to the Quasi-War.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Fifty Shades of Grey is a book about a lady that falls for a man with the last name of Grey and his unusual "romantic" practices.
Wikipedia page: Fifty Shades of Grey (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: It became the first instalment in the Fifty Shades novel series that follows the deepening relationship between a college graduate, Anastasia Steele, and a young business magnate, Christian Grey.
section_header: Summary
text: It is notable for its explicitly erotic scenes featuring elements of sexual practices involving BDSM (bondage/discipline, dominance/submission, and sadism/masochism).
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Man Who Came to Dinner is an early 1940s comedy in three acts by George S. Kaufman and Moss Hart.
Wikipedia page: The Man Who Came to Dinner (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: It debuted on October 16, 1939, at the Music Box Theatre in New York City, where it ran until 1941, closing after 739 performances.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Gwynn was referred to as "Mr. Slugger".
Wikipedia page: Tony Gwynn (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Anthony Keith Gwynn Sr. (May 9, 1960 – June 16, 2014), nicknamed "Mr. Padre", was an American professional baseball right fielder, who played 20 seasons (1982–2001) in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the San Diego Padres.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: France national football team is casually referred to as The Reds.
Wikipedia page: France national football team (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: France are colloquially known as Les Bleus (The Blues).
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Etta James made a big impact on Aguilera's music.
Wikipedia page: Christina Aguilera (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Artistry | Influences
text: Aguilera has credited blues singer Etta James as her main influence and inspiration, elaborating,
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Franklin Pierce was U.S. president that thought getting rid of slaves would bring the country closer together.
Wikipedia page: Franklin Pierce (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Franklin Pierce (November 23, 1804 – October 8, 1869) was the 14th president of the United States (1853–1857), a northern Democrat who saw the abolitionist movement as a fundamental threat to the unity of the nation.
section_header: Summary
text: He alienated anti-slavery groups by supporting and signing the Kansas–Nebraska Act and enforcing the Fugitive Slave Act, yet he failed to stem conflict between North and South, setting the stage for Southern secession and the American Civil War.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Council of Constance gave the order for the killing of Jan Hus and help with the election of a Pope.
Wikipedia page: Council of Constance (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The council also condemned Jan Hus as a heretic and facilitated his execution by the civil authority, and ruled on issues of national sovereignty, the rights of pagans and just war, in response to a conflict between the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, Kingdom of Poland and the Order of the Teutonic Knights.
section_header: Summary
text: The council ended the Western Schism by deposing or accepting the resignation of the remaining papal claimants and by electing Pope Martin V.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: There is no formula to describe it.
Wikipedia page: Acceleration (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Definition and properties | Units
text: Acceleration has the dimensions of velocity (L/T) divided by time, i.e. L T−2.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Despite never making it to the Hall of Fame himself, Smoltz is a distant cousin of fellow Baseball Hall of Famer Charlie Gehringer.
Wikipedia page: John Smoltz (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: After retirement
text: Smoltz was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in his first year of eligibility in 2015.
section_header: Summary
text: He was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in his first year of eligibility in 2015.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Dafoe is married.
Wikipedia page: Willem Dafoe (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Personal life
text: Dafoe married Italian actress, director, and screenwriter Giada Colagrande on March 25, 2005, a year after the two had met in Rome at the premiere of one of her films.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Linda Ronstadt is still active with her singing.
Wikipedia page: Linda Ronstadt (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Linda Maria Ronstadt (born July 15, 1946) is a retired American singer who performed and recorded in diverse genres including rock, country, light opera, and Latin.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Johnny Evers played his entire baseball career for the Chicago Cubs.
Wikipedia page: Johnny Evers (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: He also appeared in one game apiece for the Chicago White Sox and Braves while coaching them in 1922 and 1929, respectively.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Places in the Heart includes characters who are part of the KKK.
Wikipedia page: Places in the Heart (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Plot
text: That night, Moze is accosted by Ku Klux Klan members and savagely beaten.
section_header: Plot
text: Will, who recognizes all the assailants' voices as local white men, confronts and identifies them one by one; they all run off.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The 1919 novel The Moon and Sixpence is base in part on the painter Paul Gauguin who worked as a stockbroker before leaving his wife and job to pursue art.
Wikipedia page: The Moon and Sixpence (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Inspiration
text: Gauguin did work as a stockbroker, did leave his wife and family to devote his life to art, and did leave Europe for Tahiti to pursue his career; however none of this happened in the brutal way of the novel's character.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Willard Brown started his baseball career in the 1940's.
Wikipedia page: Willard Brown (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Early Negro league experience
text: Brown was one of the fastest players in baseball in the late 1930s and 1940s, as well as a solid outfielder.
section_header: Early Negro league experience
text: He began his professional baseball career in 1934 with the Monroe Monarchs, a minor Negro league team.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The company had posted more than 350000 tweets during the initial growth.
Wikipedia page: Twitter (Technology)
Evidence:
section_header: History | 2007–2010
text: It had 400,000 tweets posted per quarter in 2007.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: BTS has seven members.
Wikipedia page: BTS (band) (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: BTS (Korean: 방탄소년단; RR: Bangtan Sonyeondan), also known as the Bangtan Boys, is a seven-member South Korean boy band who began formation in 2010 and debuted in 2013.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Our Town is a play that was an award winning show.
Wikipedia page: Our Town (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Our Town is a 1938 metatheatrical three-act play by American playwright Thornton Wilder which won the Pulitzer Prize for Drama.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Johansson has been referred to as "ScarJo" by the media and doesn't like it.
Wikipedia page: Scarlett Johansson (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Public image
text: Johansson has been called "ScarJo" by the media and fans, but dislikes the nickname, finding it lazy, flippant and insulting.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Woodrow Wilson had roots from England.
Wikipedia page: Woodrow Wilson (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: Thomas Woodrow Wilson was born to a family of Scots-Irish and Scottish descent, in Staunton, Virginia, on December 28, 1856.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Sir Ben Kingsley is known for his acting, but he almost was a celebrity chef instead.
Wikipedia page: Ben Kingsley (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Career | Early career
text: Later, he was spotted by music producer and manager Dick James, who offered to mould Kingsley into a pop star, but Kingsley chose to join the Royal Shakespeare Company after an audition before Trevor Nunn.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Han dynasty only lasted one century.
Wikipedia page: Han dynasty (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Spanning over four centuries, the Han period is considered a golden age in Chinese history.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Fifty Shades of Gray was originally based on work by the Brontë sisters.
Wikipedia page: Fifty Shades of Grey (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Background and publication
text: The Fifty Shades trilogy was developed from a Twilight fan fiction series originally titled Master of the Universe and published by James episodically on fan-fiction websites under the pen name "Snowqueen's Icedragon".
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Alexander II of Russia was against reforming Russia's army and navy.
Wikipedia page: Alexander II of Russia (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Reign | Reforms | Additional reforms
text: The tsar  appointed Dmitry Milyutin to carry out significant reforms in the Russian armed forces.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The fifth season of The Office has twenty-six episodes.
Wikipedia page: The Office (US) (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Season synopses | Season 5
text: The fifth season consists of 28 half-hours of material, divided into 24 half-hour episodes and two hour-long episodes, one of which aired after Super Bowl XLIII.Jim proposes to Pam at a gas station midway between Scranton and New York City where they are meeting for a visit.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: U.S. soldier Sergeant York was drafted against his will because it was against his religion.
Wikipedia page: Sergeant York (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Persuaded that his religion was not incompatible with military service, York joined the 82nd Division as an infantry private and went to France in 1918.
section_header: Summary
text: York was drafted during World War I; he initially claimed conscientious objector status on the grounds that his religious denomination forbade violence.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The orginial stone for the structure is not available for the restoration.
Wikipedia page: Christ the Redeemer (statue) (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Restoration
text: The original pale stone is no longer available in sufficient quantity, and replacement stones are increasingly darker in hue.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Originally written by William Friedkin as a book in 1972, The Exorcist has inspired several film adaptations. Blatty
Wikipedia page: The Exorcist (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The Exorcist is an American media franchise that originated with William Peter Blatty's 1971 horror novel of the same name and most prominently featured in a 1973 film adapted from the novel, and many subsequent prequels and sequels.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Ronstadt had two sisters and one brother.
Wikipedia page: Linda Ronstadt (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: Ronstadt was raised on the family's 10-acre (4 ha) ranch with her siblings Peter (who served as Tucson's Chief of Police for ten years, 1981–1991), Michael J., and Gretchen (Suzy).
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: In William Faulkner's novel As I Lay Dying, the character of Jewel is a man.
Wikipedia page: As I Lay Dying (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Characters
text: Jewel Bundren – Jewel is the third of the Bundren children, most likely around nineteen years of age.
section_header: Characters
text: A half-brother to the other children and the favorite of Addie, he is the illegitimate son of Addie and Reverend Whitfield.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Twitter has never been hacked.
Wikipedia page: Twitter (Technology)
Evidence:
section_header: History | 2017–2020
text: " Twitter users were still able to view Trump's tweet if they chose to click on it, but could not like or retweet it without their own comment.
section_header: History | 2017–2020
text: A major hack of Twitter on July 15, 2020 affected 130 high-profile accounts, both verified and unverified ones such as Barack Obama, Bill Gates, and Elon Musk; the hack allowed bitcoin scammers to send tweets via the compromised accounts that asked the followers to send bitcoin to a given public address, with the promise to double their money.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Steve Carlton won many accolades as a pitcher four times and his birthplace is Miami, Florida.
Wikipedia page: Steve Carlton (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: He played in Major League Baseball as a left-handed pitcher for six different teams from 1965 to 1988, most notably as a member of the Philadelphia Phillies with whom he won four Cy Young Awards as well as the 1980 World Series.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Tupac Shakur debuted on the single "Same Song" and later released one album.
Wikipedia page: Tupac Shakur (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Music career
text: Later posthumous albums are R U Still Down? (1997), Greatest Hits (1998), Still I Rise (1999), Until the End of Time (2001), Better Dayz (2002), Loyal to the Game (2004), Pac's Life (2006).
section_header: Music career
text: In January 1991, Tupac, rapper, nationally debuted under the stage name 2Pac, guest on rap group Digital Underground's single "Same Song," compiled on the soundtrack of the February 1991 movie Nothing but Trouble.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: President Hayes' middle name was Burcher, his mother's maiden name.
Wikipedia page: Rutherford B. Hayes (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Rutherford Birchard Hayes (October 4, 1822 – January 17, 1893) was the 19th president of the United States from 1877 to 1881, after serving in the U.S. House of Representatives and as governor of Ohio.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Jesse Haines nicknamed "Pop", was a right-handed pitcher in for the Cincinnati Reds and St. Louis Cardinals of Major League Baseball (MLB), pitched on three World Series championship teams, and ranks first in franchise history in shutouts.
Wikipedia page: Jesse Haines (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: He ranks second in franchise history in shutouts.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Moonlight appears bluish to the human eye although it is really silver.
Wikipedia page: Moonlight (NOCAT)
Evidence:
section_header: Illumination
text: Moonlight is not actually tinted blue, and despite often being described as "silvery", it has no inherent silvery quality.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The planet Saturn has rings and moons.
Wikipedia page: Saturn (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Natural satellites | Planetary rings
text: Saturn is probably best known for the system of planetary rings that makes it visually unique.
section_header: Natural satellites | Planetary rings
text: Some of the moons of Saturn, including Pandora and Prometheus, act as shepherd moons to confine the rings and prevent them from spreading out.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Animal Farm has been made into a movie.
Wikipedia page: Animal Farm (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Adaptations | Films
text: Animal Farm has been adapted to film twice.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Ben Kingsley's parents were British descendants.
Wikipedia page: Ben Kingsley (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: His father was born in Kenya and was of Gujarati Indian descent.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Born in the Port of Spain, Nicki Minaj was given attention early in her career once she released Beam Me Up Scotty.
Wikipedia page: Nicki Minaj (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Career | 2004−2009: Career beginnings
text: She released her third mixtape, Beam Me
section_header: Career | 2004−2009: Career beginnings
text: Up Scotty, on April 18, 2009; it received favorable coverage on BET and MTV.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The council was composed all sorts of people, not just members of the church.
Wikipedia page: Council of Constance (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Decrees and doctrinal status
text: Many members of the new assembly (comparatively few bishops, but many doctors of theology and of canon and civil law, procurators of bishops, deputies of universities, cathedral chapters, provosts, etc., agents and representatives of princes, etc.) strongly favored the voluntary abdication of all three popes, as did King Sigismund.
section_header: Origin and background
text: According to Joseph McCabe, the council was attended by roughly 29 cardinals, 100 "learned doctors of law and divinity", 134 abbots, and 183 bishops and archbishops.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: There in which the canal is located had shown archaeological evidence of many canals being dug there over the course of history.
Wikipedia page: Suez Canal (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Precursors | Canals dug by Necho, Darius I and Ptolemy
text: Remnants of an ancient west–east canal through the ancient Egyptian cities of Bubastis, Pi-Ramesses, and Pithom were discovered by Napoleon Bonaparte and his engineers and cartographers in 1799.According to the Histories of the Greek historian Herodotus, about 600 BCE, Necho II undertook to dig a west–east canal through the Wadi Tumilat between Bubastis and Heroopolis, and perhaps continued it to the Heroopolite Gulf and the Red Sea.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The name for Casablanca comes from the Berbers.
Wikipedia page: Casablanca (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Etymology
text: After the Portuguese took control of the city in the 15th century AD, they rebuilt it, changing the name to Casa Branca ([kazɐ'bɾɐ̃kɐ]), meaning 'white house' in Portuguese.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Road to Perdition is based on an illustrated story.
Wikipedia page: Road to Perdition (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Production | Development
text: When Max Allan Collins wrote the graphic novel Road to Perdition, his book agent saw potential in the story as a film adaptation and showed it to a film agent.
section_header: Production | Writing
text: Novelist Max Allan Collins acknowledged the influence of Lone Wolf and Cub on his graphic novel Road to Perdition in an interview to the BBC, declaring that "Road To Perdition is 'an unabashed homage' to Lone Wolf and Cub".
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Fifty Shades of Grey earned rave reviews for its superior writing.
Wikipedia page: Fifty Shades of Grey (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Reception | Critical response
text: It has received mixed to negative reviews, with most critics noting poor literary qualities of the work.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Alexander II was the King of Russia  and is known as Alexander the Liberator.
Wikipedia page: Alexander II of Russia (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Aleksandr II Nikolayevich, IPA: Aleksandr II Nikolayevich, IPA: [ɐlʲɪˈksandr ftɐˈroj nʲɪkɐˈlajɪvʲɪtɕ]; 29 April 1818 – 13 March 1881) was the Emperor of Russia, King of Poland and Grand Duke of Finland from 2 March 1855 until his assassination on 13 March 1881.Alexander's most significant reform as emperor was emancipation of Russia's serfs in 1861, for which he is known as Alexander the Liberator (Russian: Алекса́ндр
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Road to Perdition's setting is Great Depression.
Wikipedia page: Road to Perdition (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The plot takes place in 1931, during the Great Depression, following a mob enforcer and his son as they seek vengeance against a mobster who murdered the rest of their family.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Knights of Labor were started by tailors.
Wikipedia page: Knights of Labor (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Origins
text: In 1869, Uriah Smith Stephens, James L. Wright, and a small group of Philadelphia tailors founded a secret organization known as the Noble Order of the Knights of Labor.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Avengers: Infinity War was the nineteenth MCU film and the third Avenger film.
Wikipedia page: Avengers: Infinity War (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: It is the sequel to The Avengers (2012) and Avengers: Age of Ultron (2015), and the 19th film in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU).
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Battle of Gettysburg is refereed to as the inflection point of the American Civil War.
Wikipedia page: Battle of Gettysburg (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The battle involved the largest number of casualties of the entire war and is often described as the war's turning point.
section_header: Historical assessment | Decisive victory controversies
text: Gettysburg was a landmark battle, the largest of the war and it would not be surpassed.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Good Earth advocates religion as a healthy means of coping with an unfair reality.
Wikipedia page: The Good Earth (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Peripatetic manuscript
text: In her view, Buck delves deeply into the lives of the Chinese poor and opposed "religious fundamentalism, racial prejudice, gender oppression, sexual repression, and discrimination against the disabled." Buck wrote the novel in Nanjing, spending mornings in the attic of her university house to complete the manuscript in one year (ca. 1929).
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Paraguay war has been associated with post-colonial tensions in South America.
Wikipedia page: Paraguayan War (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Background | Territorial disputes
text: Since their independence from Portugal and Spain in the early 19th century, the Empire of Brazil and the Spanish-American countries of South America were troubled by territorial disputes.
section_header: Background | Political situation before the war
text: The war has also been attributed to the after-effects of colonialism in South America, with border conflicts between the new states, the struggle for power among neighboring nations over the strategic Río de la Plata region, Brazilian and Argentine meddling in internal Uruguayan politics (which had already caused the Platine War), and Solano López's efforts to help his allies in Uruguay (previously defeated by the Brazilians), as well as his presumed expansionist ambitions.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The inner core could be from .5 to 2 billions years old from thermodynamic modeling and paleomagnetic evidence.
Wikipedia page: Inner core (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Age
text: The estimates yielded by these methods still vary over a large range, from 0.5 to 2 billion years old.
section_header: Age
text: Two main approaches have been used to infer the age of the inner core: thermodynamic modeling of the cooling of the Earth, and analysis of paleomagnetic evidence.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Knights of Labor's official name was Noble and Holy Order of the Knights of Labor and eventually discarded 2 parts in the title and ended their membership rituals.
Wikipedia page: Knights of Labor (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Knights of Labor (K of L), officially Noble and Holy Order of the Knights of Labor, was an American labor federation active in the late 19th century, especially the 1880s.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Battles of Saratoga was the deciding win for the Americans in their fight to become independent from England.
Wikipedia page: Battles of Saratoga (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The Battles of Saratoga (September 19 and October 7, 1777) marked the climax of the Saratoga campaign, giving a decisive victory to the Americans over the British in the American Revolutionary War.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Willem Dafoe travels to France so often that he deceided to become a citizen of France too.
Wikipedia page: Willem Dafoe (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Dafoe has dual citizenship of the United States and Italy.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Buckingham Palace used to stink due to poor ventilation.
Wikipedia page: Buckingham Palace (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Home of the monarch
text: Ventilation was so bad that the interior smelled, and when it was decided to install gas lamps, there was a serious worry about the build-up of gas on the lower floors.
section_header: Home of the monarch | Interior
text: There are 775 rooms, including 188 staff bedrooms, 92 offices, 78 bathrooms, 52 principal bedrooms, and 19 state rooms.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The staute is one of the New7Wonders of the World.
Wikipedia page: Christ the Redeemer (statue) (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: A symbol of Christianity across the world, the statue has also become a cultural icon of both Rio de Janeiro and Brazil, and is listed as one of the New7Wonders of the World.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Bay of Pigs Invasion was an operation in Cuba but failed and helped relations with Russia and the US.
Wikipedia page: Bay of Pigs Invasion (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Covertly financed and directed by the U.S. government, the operation took place at the height of the Cold War, and its failure led to major shifts in international relations between Cuba, the United States, and the Soviet Union.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Farfetch is an international business with 10 site locations worldwide.
Wikipedia page: Farfetch (Technology)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Farfetch has offices in 11 cities and employs over 3,000 staff.
section_header: Summary
text: Farfetch is an online luxury fashion retail platform that sells products from over 700 boutiques and brands from around the world.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The 1975 film Dog Day Afternoon is based on a true story.
Wikipedia page: Dog Day Afternoon (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Historical accuracy
text: The film is based on the story of John Wojtowicz.
section_header: Historical accuracy
text: It adheres to the basic facts of what happened, according to a Life article published on September 22, 1972, entitled "The Boys in the Bank".
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Iron Maiden started on Xmas Day.
Wikipedia page: Iron Maiden (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: History | Early years (1975–1978)
text: Iron Maiden were formed on Christmas Day, 25 December 1975 by bassist Steve Harris shortly after he left his previous group, Smiler.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Ada E. Yonath got a Nobel prize for her study of ribosomes and she got her doctorate from the Weizmann Institute of Science.
Wikipedia page: Ada Yonath (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Biography
text: In 1968, she obtained her PhD from the Weizmann Institute of Science for X-ray crystallographic studies on the structure of collagen, with Wolfie Traub as her PhD advisor.
section_header: Summary
text: In 2009, Yonath received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry along with Venkatraman Ramakrishnan and Thomas A. Steitz for her studies on the structure and function of the ribosome, becoming the first Israeli woman to win the Nobel Prize out of ten Israeli Nobel laureates, the first woman from the Middle East to win a Nobel prize in the sciences, and the first woman in 45 years to win the Nobel Prize for Chemistry.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Spotify launched in the late 2000s.
Wikipedia page: Spotify (Technology)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Launched in October 2008, the Spotify platform provides access to over 50 million tracks.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: There are no songs titled after this book.
Wikipedia page: The Moon and Sixpence (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: In popular culture
text: "We've Got the Moon and Sixpence", sung by Al Bowlly, takes its name from the book and Jack Kerouac
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Lady of Shalott tells a tale about a woman confined in a tower and is a lyrical ballad.
Wikipedia page: The Lady of Shalott (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Based on the medieval La Damigella di Scalot, it tells the story of Elaine of Astolat, a young noblewoman imprisoned in a tower on an island near Camelot.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Brad Pitt has never done any humanitarian causes and this has caused a rift with his fans.
Wikipedia page: Brad Pitt (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Humanitarian and political causes
text: Pitt visited the University of Missouri campus in October 2004 to encourage students to vote in the 2004 U.S. presidential election, in which he supported John Kerry.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Honus Wagner spent most of his career playing for the Pittsburgh Pirates.
Wikipedia page: Honus Wagner (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Johannes Peter "Honus" Wagner (; February 24, 1874 – December 6, 1955), sometimes referred to as "Hans" Wagner, was an American baseball shortstop who played 21 seasons in Major League Baseball from 1897 to 1917, almost entirely for the Pittsburgh Pirates.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The first civilization did not popup in Norway until around 100 BC.
Wikipedia page: Norway (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: History | Bronze Age
text: Between 3000 and 2500 BC, new settlers (Corded Ware culture) arrived in eastern Norway.
section_header: History | Bronze Age
text: They were Indo-European farmers who grew grain and kept cows and sheep.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The writer of Harry Potter is English.
Wikipedia page: Harry Potter (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Harry Potter is a series of fantasy novels written by British author J. K. Rowling.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Winesburg, Ohio was written by Shelley Amber.
Wikipedia page: Winesburg, Ohio (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Winesburg, Ohio (full title: Winesburg, Ohio: A Group of Tales of Ohio Small-Town Life) is a 1919 short story cycle by the American author Sherwood Anderson.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Three Tall Women, a play by Edward Albee, has been translated into French.
Wikipedia page: Three Tall Women (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Productions
text: Directed by Lawrence Sacharow, the production starred Marian Seldes as "A", Michael Learned as "B", and Christina Rouner as "C", and Michael Rhodes as "The Boy" Translated as Tres mujeres altas, the play premiered in Madrid (Spain) at the Teatro Lara in September 1995.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Medwick is Hungarian and after high school in New Jersey he went right into professional baseball with the Scottdale Scotties in 1930.
Wikipedia page: Joe Medwick (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: The son of Hungarian immigrants, Medwick was born and raised in Carteret, New Jersey.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The 1936 film The Great Ziegfeld had a skeleton crew.
Wikipedia page: The Great Ziegfeld (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Over a thousand people were employed in the production of the film, which required 16 reels of film after the cutting.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Less than half of Paraguay's population lives in urban areas.
Wikipedia page: Paraguay (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Demographics
text: About 56% of Paraguayans live in urban areas, making Paraguay one of the least urbanized nations in South America.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Mickey Mouse people has tried to distance themselves from Christina Aguilera recently, due to her use of the word 'hoo-ha', and her part in Burlesque with Cher.
Wikipedia page: Christina Aguilera (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Life and career | 2018–present: Liberation and The Xperience
text: In 2019, Aguilera received The Disney Legends Awards for "her remarkable contributions to the Disney legacy".
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Count of Monte Cristo was not written by Mr. Dumas.
Wikipedia page: The Count of Monte Cristo (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The Count of Monte Cristo (French: Le Comte de Monte-Cristo) is an adventure novel by French author Alexandre Dumas (père) completed in 1844.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Telsa builds ventilators for social justice.
Wikipedia page: Elon Musk (Technology)
Evidence:
section_header: Personal life | Philanthropy
text: In April 2020, to help countries suffering during the COVID-19 pandemic, Musk offered to donate ventilators built by Tesla to third-world countries in need.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Shakur lived all his life in NY.
Wikipedia page: Tupac Shakur (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Personal life | School years
text: In 1984, Tupac's family moved from New York City to Baltimore, Maryland.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Richie stated early on he was against the war in Baghdad and that he would like to perform there someday, eventually his dreams came true and he was able to perform in several Arab states.
Wikipedia page: Lionel Richie (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Career | Popularity in the Arab world
text: In recent years, Richie has become a popular musician in various Arab states, and has performed in Morocco, United Arab Emirates, Egypt, and Libya.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Stargell passed away in 2003.
Wikipedia page: Willie Stargell (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Wilver Dornell Stargell (March 6, 1940 – April 9, 2001), nicknamed "Pops" later in his career, was an American professional baseball left fielder and first baseman who spent all of his 21 seasons in Major League Baseball (MLB) (1962–1982) with the Pittsburgh Pirates.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Pope Innocent III was an Italian pope that was part of the Crusades and was one of 10 popes from the House of Montague.
Wikipedia page: Pope Innocent III (NOCAT)
Evidence:
section_header: Biography | Early life
text: His father Count Trasimund of Segni was a member of a famous house, Conti di Segni (Earl of Segni), which produced nine popes including Gregory IX, Alexander IV and Innocent XIII.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Alexander II of Russia was a warmonger who led a lot of internal reforms including abolishing serfs, instating a new legal system and universal conscription.
Wikipedia page: Alexander II of Russia (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The tsar was responsible for other reforms, including reorganizing the judicial system, setting up elected local judges, abolishing corporal punishment, promoting local self-government through the zemstvo system, imposing universal military service, ending some privileges of the nobility, and promoting university education.
section_header: Early life
text: He has been described as looking like a German, somewhat of a pacifist, a heavy smoker and card player.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Great Ziegfeld received many critics for being too short.
Wikipedia page: The Great Ziegfeld (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Reception | Critical re-evaluation
text: Although the film is still viewed as a symbol of glamour and excess during the Golden Age of Hollywood, today the film has more of a mixed reception, with many critics believing that the film relies on its (now-dated) extravagance and is too long; Christopher Null stated that The Great Ziegfeld is a "textbook case of how a film can lose its appeal over the years".
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Our Town is set in the location that the author grew up in Jersey.
Wikipedia page: Our Town (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Synopsis | Act I: Daily Life
text: The Stage Manager introduces the audience to the small town; Grover's Corners, New Hampshire, and the people living there as a morning begins in the year 1901.
section_header: Setting
text: the play-within-the-play which is set in the fictional community of Grover's Corners, New Hampshire.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The protagonist of the novel Song of the Lark by Willa Cather leaves Colorado in the pursuit of artistic education.
Wikipedia page: Song of the Lark (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Plot introduction
text: The ambitious young heroine, Thea Kronborg, leaves her hometown to go to Chicago to fulfill her dream of becoming a well-trained pianist, a better piano teacher.
section_header: Plot summary | Part I: Friends of Childhood
text: After the funeral, Dr. Archie informs Mr. Kronborg that Ray has bequeathed six hundred dollars to Thea for her to go to Chicago and study music there.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Bacteria metabolism is good for us all.
Wikipedia page: Bacteria (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Metabolism
text: In many ways, bacterial metabolism provides traits that are useful for ecological stability and for human society.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The main international airport serving Beijing has 16 terminals and 21 gates.
Wikipedia page: Beijing Capital International Airport (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Terminals | Terminal 1
text: Featuring 16 gates, it was the operational base for the domestic routes of China Southern Airlines and a few other airlines such as XiamenAir and Chongqing Airlines, and was originally planned to handle domestic traffic excluding those to Hong Kong and Macau.
section_header: Terminals
text: The airport has three terminals.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Wolfgang Pauli named the neutrino after the French word for new.
Wikipedia page: Neutrino (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: History | Pauli's proposal
text: The name (the Italian equivalent of "little neutral one") was jokingly coined by Edoardo Amaldi during a conversation with Fermi at the Institute of Physics of via Panisperna in Rome, in order to distinguish this light neutral particle from Chadwick's heavy neutron.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Alan Trammell is a MLB GM for the Detroit Tigers.
Wikipedia page: Alan Trammell (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: He currently serves as a special assistant to the General Manager of the Detroit Tigers.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: William Jennings Bryan was a politician with no means to accomplish the nominations he received without the souls of his Salem ancestors who were into witchcraft.
Wikipedia page: William Jennings Bryan (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Early political career | Congressional service
text: With the help of Congressman William McKendree Springer, Bryan secured a coveted spot on the House Ways and Means Committee.
section_header: Legacy | Memorials
text: Salem is also home to Bryan Park and a large statue of Bryan.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Cori was the 3rd woman to win a Nobel Prize in Psychology.
Wikipedia page: Gerty Theresa Cori (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Awards and recognitions
text: She was the first woman to be awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Winesburg, Ohio is a novel written in the 1900's.
Wikipedia page: Winesburg, Ohio (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Winesburg, Ohio (full title: Winesburg, Ohio: A Group of Tales of Ohio Small-Town Life) is a 1919 short story cycle by the American author Sherwood Anderson.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Speed is one factor that must change during the acceleration process.
Wikipedia page: Acceleration (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Definition and properties | Other forms
text: An object moving in a circular motion—such as a satellite orbiting the Earth—is accelerating due to the change of direction of motion, although its speed may be constant.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Sister Carrie was a protest in opposition to the society rules.
Wikipedia page: Sister Carrie (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Style and genre
text: Sister Carrie went against social and moral norms of the time, as Dreiser presented his characters without judging them.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Jacob Ruppert Jr. never served in the military since he had to help run the family business.
Wikipedia page: Jacob Ruppert (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Jacob Ruppert Jr. (August 5, 1867 – January 13, 1939) was an American brewer, businessman, National Guard colonel and politician who served for four terms representing New York in the United States House of Representatives from 1899 to 1907.
section_header: Summary
text: Starting out in the family brewing business, Ruppert entered the 7th Regiment of the New York National Guard in 1886 at the age of 19, eventually reaching the rank of colonel.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: David Bowie was an influential entertainer who passed away a couple of days after his birthday.
Wikipedia page: David Bowie (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Death
text: On 10 January 2016, two days after his 69th birthday and the release of the album Blackstar, Bowie died from liver cancer in his New York City apartment.
section_header: Summary
text: He was a leading figure in the music industry and is considered one of the most influential musicians of the 20th century.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Horace Greeley was so sad that his love of his life passed away that he passed away just a few days after her.
Wikipedia page: Horace Greeley (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: He was devastated by the death of his wife five days before the election and died himself one month later, before the Electoral College had met.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Vichy France was the capital of the France during WWII that was not taken over by the Axis powers, mainly the German government.
Wikipedia page: Vichy France (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Fall of France and establishment of the Vichy government | Conditions of armistice and 10 July 1940 vote of full powers
text: The armistice divided France into occupied and unoccupied zones: northern and western France, including the entire Atlantic coast, was occupied by Germany, and the remaining two-fifths of the country was under the control of the French government with the capital at Vichy under Pétain.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The poem by Dylan Thomas "Do not go gentle into that good night" does not have a formal title just a working title which is the first line of the poem and was probably written for his father who was dying at the time.
Wikipedia page: Do Not Go Gentle Into That Good Night (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: "Do not go gentle into that good night" is a poem in the form of a villanelle, and the most famous work of Welsh poet Dylan Thomas (1914–1953).
section_header: Summary
text: The poem was also included in Collected Poems, 1934–1952, first published by Dent in 1952.It has been suggested that the poem was written for Thomas' dying father, although he did not die until just before Christmas 1952.
Verdict: SUPPORTS