tasksource/fool-me-twice huggingface dataset:
Claim: Shaka was a demonstrably merciful and kind ruler.
Wikipedia page: Shaka (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Successor to Senzangakhona
text: Shaka chose a particularly gruesome revenge on her, locking her in a house and placing jackals or hyenas inside: they devoured her and, in the morning, Shaka burned the house to the ground.
section_header: Scholarship studies | The Mfecane | Disruptions of the Mfecane
text: However, Fynn had no way of knowing any such thing: it was a thumb-suck based in a particular view of Shaka—Shaka as a kind of genocidal maniac, an unresting killing-machine.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Trammell was able to go back to the Tigers in 2014 after getting fired from the Diamondbacks.
Wikipedia page: Alan Trammell (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Managerial and coaching career | Return to Detroit Tigers
text: On November 3, 2014, it was announced that Trammell would return to Detroit as a special assistant to Tigers' general manager Dave Dombrowski.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Haines was sometimes referred to as "Pop".
Wikipedia page: Jesse Haines (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Jesse Joseph Haines (July 22, 1893 – August 5, 1978), nicknamed "Pop", was a right-handed pitcher in for the Cincinnati Reds and St. Louis Cardinals of Major League Baseball (MLB).
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: In the movie Places in the Heart, Sally Field's character sells her cotton to the wholesaler.
Wikipedia page: Places in the Heart (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Plot
text: Their efforts pay off as Edna and Moze find themselves first in line at the wholesaler with the season's first bale of cotton.
section_header: Summary
text: The film stars Sally Field, Lindsay Crouse, Ed Harris, Ray Baker, Amy Madigan, John Malkovich, Danny Glover, Jerry Haynes and Terry O'Quinn.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Ralph Vaughan Williams served in the Secod World War.
Wikipedia page: Ralph Vaughan Williams (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Life and career | Ravel; rising fame; First World War
text: Despite his age—he was forty-two in 1914—Vaughan Williams volunteered for military service on the outbreak of the First World War.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Elion was a French doctor.
Wikipedia page: Gertrude B. Elion (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Gertrude "Trudy" Belle Elion (January 23, 1918 – February 21, 1999) was an American biochemist and pharmacologist, who shared the 1988 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with George H. Hitchings and Sir James Black for their use of innovative methods of rational drug design for the development of new drugs.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The XYZ affair nearly resulted in full blown war between the United States and France, and was instigated by the French.
Wikipedia page: XYZ Affair (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The diplomats, Charles Cotesworth Pinckney, John Marshall, and Elbridge Gerry, were approached through informal channels by agents of the French foreign minister, Talleyrand, who demanded bribes and a loan before formal negotiations could begin.
section_header: Commission to France | Later negotiations
text: Gerry, although he sought to maintain unity with his co-commissioners, was told by Talleyrand that if he left France the Directory would declare war.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The 1954 film is the fourth adaptation and it stars Garland and Mason.
Wikipedia page: A Star Is Born (1954 film) (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: It is the second of four official adaptations of A Star Is Born, with the first in 1937 starring Janet Gaynor and Fredric March, the third in 1976 starring Barbra Streisand and Kris Kristofferson and the fourth in 2018 starring Lady Gaga and Bradley Cooper.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Anthony Quinn had five children with his first wife then three more children with this mistress who became his second wife.
Wikipedia page: Anthony Quinn (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Personal life
text: The couple had five children: Christopher (1938–1941), Christina (born December 1, 1941), Catalina (born November 21, 1942), Duncan (born August 4, 1945), and Valentina (born December 26, 1952).
section_header: Personal life
text: 1966).In the 1970s, during his marriage to Addolori, Quinn also had two children with an event producer in Los Angeles named Friedel Dunbar: Sean Quinn (born February 7, 1973) and Alexander Anthony Quinn (born December 30, 1976).
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: In 1988, the Red Hot Chili Peppers lost one of their band members. died
Wikipedia page: Red Hot Chili Peppers (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Slovak died of a drug overdose on June 25, 1988; Irons, devastated, left the band.
section_header: History | 1998–2001: Return of Frusciante and Californication
text: With no guitarist, the Red Hot Chili Peppers were on the verge of breaking up.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Arsenal have been labeled and mocked as a defensive minded team, including a striptease act in a comedy movie.
Wikipedia page: Arsenal F.C. (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: In popular culture
text: The theme was repeated in the 1997 film The Full Monty, in a scene where the lead actors move in a line and raise their hands, deliberately mimicking the Arsenal defence's offside trap, in an attempt to co-ordinate their striptease routine.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The television show, The Office has won the six Emmy's.
Wikipedia page: The Office (US) (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Reception and legacy | Awards
text: The series received 42 Primetime Emmy Awards nominations, with five wins.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Gaylord Perry was a pitcher and had a brother that played in the MLB.
Wikipedia page: Gaylord Perry (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: He is also distinguished, along with his brother Jim Perry, for being part of the second-winningest brother combination in baseball history—second only to the knuckleball throwing brothers, Phil Niekro and Joe Niekro.
section_header: Summary
text: He played in Major League Baseball as a right-handed pitcher for eight different teams from 1962 to 1983.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Warner Bros has plans to build a tourist attraction in the United Kingdom to showcase the film series.
Wikipedia page: Harry Potter (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Attractions | The Making of Harry Potter
text: In March 2011, Warner Bros. announced plans to build a tourist attraction in the United Kingdom to showcase the Harry Potter film series.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Steve Carlton did not like speaking to the press.
Wikipedia page: Steve Carlton (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Major league career (1965–1988) | Philadelphia Phillies (1972–1986) | Media silence
text: In 1976, upon the advice of his lawyer Edward L. Wolf, he decided to sever all ties with the media, and refused to answer press questions for the rest of his career with the Phillies.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The book caught a lot of flak from the BDSM community it purported to be about.
Wikipedia page: Fifty Shades of Grey (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Reception | Controversy
text: Fifty Shades of Grey has attracted criticism due to its depictions of BDSM, with some BDSM participants stating that the book confuses the practice with abuse, and presents it as a pathology to be overcome, as well as showing incorrect and possibly dangerous BDSM techniques.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Mark Antony started his work in the militia by leading a small group of soldiers in the Roman Army.
Wikipedia page: Mark Antony (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Early career | Military service
text: In 57 BC, Antony joined the military staff of Aulus Gabinius, the Proconsul of Syria, as chief of the cavalry.
section_header: Early career | Military service
text: This appointment marks the beginning of his military career.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: A lot of Johnny Evers' family members did practice baseball.
Wikipedia page: Johnny Evers (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: Many of Evers' relatives, including his father, brothers, and uncles, played baseball.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Office (US) is a shows that was created of the same titled in Spain about people working in a silly workplace.
Wikipedia page: The Office (US) (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: It is an adaptation of the 2001-2003 BBC series of the same name, being adapted for American television by Greg Daniels, a veteran writer for Saturday Night Live, King of the Hill, and The Simpsons.
section_header: Characters
text: While these characters generally have the same attitude and perceptions as their British counterparts, the roles have been redesigned to better fit the American show.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Both of Nicki Minaj's parents sang religious music.
Wikipedia page: Nicki Minaj (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: Her father, Robert Maraj, a financial executive and part-time gospel singer, is of Dougla (Afro-Trinidadian mother and Indo-Trinidadian father) descent.
section_header: Early life
text: Her mother, Carol Maraj, is also a gospel singer with Afro-Trinidadian ancestry.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Moon and Sixpence is a novel told by a third person narrator by W. Somerset Maugham first published in April 15th, 1919.
Wikipedia page: The Moon and Sixpence (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: It is told in episodic form by a first-person narrator, in a series of glimpses into the mind and soul of the central character Charles Strickland, a middle-aged English stockbroker, who abandons his wife and children abruptly to pursue his desire to become an artist.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: A Christmas Carol was based on the financial struggles of the author's best friend.
Wikipedia page: A Christmas Carol (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Background | Writing history
text: Matters worsened when Chapman & Hall, his publishers, threatened to reduce his monthly income by £50 if sales dropped further.
section_header: Background | Writing history
text: By mid-1843 Dickens began to suffer from financial problems.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: David Bowie changed his name from David Robert Jones.
Wikipedia page: David Bowie (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: David Robert Jones (8 January 1947 – 10 January 2016), better known by his stage name David Bowie ( BOH-ee), was an English singer-songwriter and actor.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Linda Ronstadt's had Hispanic roots through her father.
Wikipedia page: Linda Ronstadt (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: The family was featured in Family Circle magazine in 1953.Linda's father came from a pioneering Arizona ranching family and was of German, English, and Mexican ancestry.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Long March was actually several marches.
Wikipedia page: Long March (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: There was not one Long March, but a series of marches, as various Communist armies in the south escaped to the north and west.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Brown was referred to sometimes as "Batter Boy".
Wikipedia page: Willard Brown (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Willard Jessie Brown (June 26, 1915 – August 4, 1996), nicknamed "Home Run" Brown, was an American baseball player who played outfielder in the Negro leagues and in Major League Baseball (MLB).
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Bush offered assistance to Panama in the 80s to overthrow the government.
Wikipedia page: George H. W. Bush (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Presidency (1989–1993) | Foreign affairs | Invasion of Panama
text: Bush objected to the annulment of the election and worried about the status of the Panama Canal with Noriega still in office.
section_header: Presidency (1989–1993) | Foreign affairs | Invasion of Panama
text: Noriega was convicted and imprisoned on racketeering and drug trafficking charges in April 1992.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Do Not Go Gentle Into That Good Night was referenced in a song by "Chumbawamba".
Wikipedia page: Do Not Go Gentle Into That Good Night (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Notable use in popular culture
text: In the track "Rage" by Chumbawamba on the album Anarchy, released in 1994.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: In the novel The Lion, the Witch, and the Wardrobe, the children become the rulers of Narnia.
Wikipedia page: The Lion, the Witch, and the Wardrobe (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The lion Aslan gives his life to save one of the children; he later rises from the dead, vanquishes the White Witch, and crowns the children Kings and Queens of Narnia.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Book of Leviticus is the third book of the Torah and of the Old Testament that takes place during the month or month-and-a-half between the completion of the Tabernacle.
Wikipedia page: Leviticus (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The Book of Leviticus () is the third book of the Torah and of the Old Testament;  scholars generally agree that it developed over a long period of time, reaching its present form during the Persian Period between 538–332 BC.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Hong Kong has a dense amount of people with over 7 million counted in the 2019 census.
Wikipedia page: Hong Kong (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Demographics
text: The Census and Statistics Department estimated Hong Kong's population at 7,482,500 in mid-2019.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Honus Wagner was a Major League player who play over 20 years.
Wikipedia page: Honus Wagner (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Johannes Peter "Honus" Wagner (; February 24, 1874 – December 6, 1955), sometimes referred to as "Hans" Wagner, was an American baseball shortstop who played 21 seasons in Major League Baseball from 1897 to 1917, almost entirely for the Pittsburgh Pirates.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: To the Lighthouse is a book by Georgia O'Keefe about a Scottish family in the 1900s.
Wikipedia page: To the Lighthouse (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: To the Lighthouse is a 1927 novel by Virginia Woolf.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Dave Brubeck and his partner developed a musical broadcast channel for jazz music only.
Wikipedia page: Dave Brubeck (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Dave Brubeck Quartet
text: He achieved his vision of an all-jazz format radio station along with his friend and neighbor John E. Metts, one of the first African Americans in senior radio management.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Johnny was the only one in his family to play baseball
Wikipedia page: Johnny Evers (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: Many of Evers' relatives, including his father, brothers, and uncles, played baseball.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: From 1901 to 2000, several countries have used the Treaty of Tordesillas for their local conflicts.
Wikipedia page: Treaty of Tordesillas (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Modern claims
text: The Treaty of Tordesillas was  invoked by Chile in the 20th century to defend the principle of an Antarctic sector extending along a meridian to the South Pole, as well as the assertion that the treaty made Spanish (or Portuguese) all undiscovered land south to the Pole.
section_header: Modern claims
text: The Treaty of Tordesillas was also invoked by Argentina in the 20th century as part of its claim to the Falkland Islands.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Mary was beheaded by her cousin.
Wikipedia page: Mary, Queen of Scots (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: After eighteen and a half years in custody, Mary was found guilty of plotting to assassinate Elizabeth in 1586, and was beheaded the following year at Fotheringhay Castle.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Francis Marion owned slaves, and for some reason they committed arson and ran off to aid America's enemies as soon as was possible due to his absence.
Wikipedia page: Francis Marion (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Later life and death
text: Marion returned to his plantation to find it had been burnt during the fighting.
section_header: Later life and death
text: His slaves had run away to fight for the British and had later been evacuated from Charleston.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Darius Milhaud had a batting average of .271 during his tenure with California.
Wikipedia page: Darius Milhaud (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Darius Milhaud (French: [daʁjys mijo]; 4 September 1892 – 22 June 1974) was a French composer, conductor, and teacher.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: All My Sons was adapted into film twice.
Wikipedia page: All My Sons (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The play was adapted for films in 1948 and 1987.
section_header: Adaptations
text: In 1987, All My Sons was made into a made-for-TV film.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: It was first published in England.
Wikipedia page: A Christmas Carol (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: A Christmas Carol. A Christmas Carol. In Prose. Being a Ghost Story of Christmas, commonly known as A Christmas Carol, is a novella by Charles Dickens, first published in London by Chapman & Hall in 1843 and illustrated by John Leech.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Children four and above worked for Shaka's helping out with logistics.
Wikipedia page: Shaka (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Social and military revolution | Logistic support by youths
text: Boys and girls aged six and over joined Shaka's force as apprentice warriors (udibi) and served as carriers of rations, supplies like cooking pots and sleeping mats, and extra weapons until they joined the main ranks.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Song of the Lark is the writer's 3rd book and is part of a trilogy.
Wikipedia page: Song of the Lark (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The Song of the Lark is the third novel by American author Willa Cather, written in 1915.
section_header: Summary
text: It is generally considered to be the second novel in Cather's Prairie Trilogy, following O Pioneers! (1913) and preceding My Ántonia (1918).
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: A Christmas Carol was first released in the US.
Wikipedia page: A Christmas Carol (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: A Christmas Carol. A Christmas Carol. In Prose. Being a Ghost Story of Christmas, commonly known as A Christmas Carol, is a novella by Charles Dickens, first published in London by Chapman & Hall in 1843 and illustrated by John Leech.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: When trying to baby his leg that was not in top form, Guerrero once allowed a speedy ball to strike him so that he could walk to first base instead of run.
Wikipedia page: Vladimir Guerrero (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Early years and family
text: After injuring his hamstring running out a double, he allegedly hit a home run in his next at bat to avoid having to run the bases.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Gerty Theresa Radnitz Cori worked for one university while her husband worked for another.
Wikipedia page: Gerty Theresa Cori (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Washington University
text: Washington University's Chancellor, Arthur Compton, made a special allowance for Gerty to hold a position there, going against the university's nepotism rules.
section_header: Washington University
text: Gerty had to wait thirteen years before she attained the same rank as her husband.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Farfetch's main office is in London and has 11 branches.
Wikipedia page: Farfetch (Technology)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The company was founded in 2007 by the Portuguese entrepreneur José Neves with its headquarters in London and main branches in Porto,  Guimarães, Braga, Lisbon, New York, Los Angeles, Tokyo, Shanghai, Hong Kong, São Paulo and Dubai.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Boyhood the movie took close to 12 years to produce.
Wikipedia page: Boyhood (film) (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Production began in 2001 and finished in 2013, with Linklater's goal to make a film about growing up.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Carl Friedrich Gauss's discoveries in biochemistry were discovered to be fraudulent before he died.
Wikipedia page: Carl Friedrich Gauss (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: [ˈkaʁl ˈfʁiːdʁɪç ˈɡaʊs] (listen); Latin: Carolus Fridericus Gauss; 30 April 1777 – 23 February 1855) was a German mathematician and physicist who made significant contributions to many fields in mathematics and science.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Battle of Gettysburg was the cheapest balled in the history of United States.
Wikipedia page: Battle of Gettysburg (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Between 46,000 and 51,000 soldiers from both armies were casualties in the three-day battle, the most costly in US history.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Giuseppe Verdi was an Italian opera composer that lost his best friend and his sister at a young age.
Wikipedia page: Giuseppe Verdi (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Life | Childhood and education
text: She is said to have been his closest friend during childhood.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The France national football team's nickname is Les Bleues.
Wikipedia page: France national football team (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Team image | Nickname
text: France is often referred to by the media and supporters as Les Bleus (The Blues), which is the nickname associated with all of France's international sporting teams due to the blue shirts each team incorporates.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Beijing Capital International Airport is the world's largest airport in the world.
Wikipedia page: Beijing Capital International Airport (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Accolades
text: 2009 – 1st on the ranking of the World's Best Airport by Condé Nast Traveler magazine, based on its satisfaction survey.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Rube Waddell spent his youth playing ball in the streets of New York City.
Wikipedia page: Rube Waddell (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: He grew up in the countryside.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Pompeii is a tourist location in Italy.
Wikipedia page: Pompeii (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Tourism
text: Pompeii has been a popular tourist destination for over 250 years; it was on the Grand Tour.
section_header: Tourism
text: By 2008, it was attracting almost 2.6 million visitors per year, making it one of the most popular tourist sites in Italy.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Buckingham Palace has never been successfully infiltrated.
Wikipedia page: Buckingham Palace (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Home of the monarch | Former ceremonial at the Palace | Security breaches
text: At least 12 people have managed to gain unauthorised entry into the palace or its grounds since 1914, including Michael Fagan, who broke into the palace twice in 1982 and entered the Queen's bedroom on the second occasion.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: "The Patch" of the movie In Old Chicago was a real place in Chicago.
Wikipedia page: In Old Chicago (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Historical accuracy
text: The area known as "the Patch" did exist as a predominantly Irish neighbourhood, and was associated with crime, as portrayed in the film.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The original title of the film was going to be Avengers: Crisis on Infinite Earths.
Wikipedia page: Avengers: Infinity War (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: In 2016, Marvel shortened the title to Avengers: Infinity War.
section_header: Summary
text: The film was announced in October 2014 as Avengers: Infinity War – Part 1.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Gerty Theresa Cori was able to easily find medical research positions through her scholarly spouse.
Wikipedia page: Gerty Theresa Cori (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Unlike her husband, she had difficulty securing research positions, and the ones she obtained provided meager pay.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Spotify got its original name from a by the co-founder Martin.
Wikipedia page: Spotify (Technology)
Evidence:
section_header: History
text: According to Ek, the company's title was initially misheard from a name shouted by Lorentzon.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Casablanca is a city in Egypt and financial center in Africa.
Wikipedia page: Casablanca (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Casablanca (Arabic: الدار البيضاء‎, romanized: Ad-dār al-Bayḍā' [adˈdaːru ɫbajdˤaːʔ] or كازابلانكا, the white house, Darija Accent [ænfæ] incline) is the largest city of Morocco.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Our Town is a film about a made up town in Minnesota.
Wikipedia page: Our Town (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The play tells the story of the fictional American small town of Grover's Corners between 1901 and 1913 through the everyday lives of its citizens.
section_header: Synopsis | Act I: Daily Life
text: The Stage Manager introduces the audience to the small town; Grover's Corners, New Hampshire, and the people living there as a morning begins in the year 1901.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Iran's natural environment and native species are being greatly impacted by the refusal of the government to mandate that build sites must complete a survey of the land's flora and fauna.
Wikipedia page: Iran (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Geography | Fauna
text: The Iranian Parliament has been showing disregard for wildlife by passing laws and regulations such as the act that lets the Ministry of Industries and Mines exploit mines without the involvement of the Department of Environment, and by approving large national development projects without demanding comprehensive study of their impact on wildlife habitats.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: In the novel Sister Carrie, Carrie eventually gets jobs in show business.
Wikipedia page: Sister Carrie (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Sister Carrie (1900) is a novel by Theodore Dreiser about a young country girl who moves to the big city where she starts realizing her own American Dream, first as a mistress to men that she perceives as superior, and later becoming a famous actress.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Places in the Heart is a movie that took place at the time of depression in the south.
Wikipedia page: Places in the Heart (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Places in the Heart is a 1984 American drama film written and directed by Robert Benton about a Depression-era Texas widow who tries to save her family farm with the help of a blind white man and a poor black man.
section_header: Plot
text: It is 1935 and Waxahachie, Texas, is a small, segregated town in the midst of the Great Depression.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Disneyland Paris, the first Disney Park out of the United States, is owned entirely by The Walt Disney Company.
Wikipedia page: Disneyland Paris (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Disneyland Paris, formerly Euro Disney Resort, is an entertainment resort in Chessy, France, a new town located 32 km (20 mi) east of the centre of Paris.
section_header: Summary
text: The Parisian resort is the second Disney park to open outside the United States following the opening of the Tokyo Disney Resort in 1983 and is the largest Disney resort to open outside of the United States.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Charles Evans Hughes was a Welsh immigrant who became a governor, a judge and Republican nominee for the 1916 presidential election.
Wikipedia page: Charles Evans Hughes (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Born to a Welsh immigrant preacher and his wife in Glens Falls, New York, Hughes pursued a legal career in New York City.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Casablanca was once a refuge for sea marauders.
Wikipedia page: Casablanca (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: History | Portuguese conquest and Spanish influence
text: In the early 15th century, the town became an independent state once again, and emerged as a safe harbour for pirates and privateers, leading to it being targeted by the Portuguese, who bombarded the town which led to its destruction in 1468.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The term Mugwump comes from a Native American language for someone who is prestigious.
Wikipedia page: Mugwump (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Etymology
text: Dictionaries report that "mugguomp" is an Algonquian word  meaning "person of importance" or "war leader".
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Ralph Vaughan Williams composed many works over 60 years.
Wikipedia page: Ralph Vaughan Williams (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: His works include operas, ballets, chamber music, secular and religious vocal pieces and orchestral compositions including nine symphonies, written over sixty years.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: American baseball player Walter James Vincent "Rabbit" Maranville died of syphilis.
Wikipedia page: Rabbit Maranville (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Death and legacy
text: Rabbit Maranville died of a heart attack shortly after midnight on January 6, 1954 at his home in Woodside, New York.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Tupac Shakur, also known by his stage name 2Pac, died on impact from a  drive by shooting.
Wikipedia page: Tupac Shakur (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: On September 7, 1996, Shakur was shot four times by an unknown assailant in a drive-by shooting in Las Vegas; he died six days later and the gunman was never captured.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Thin Man was first published as a book.
Wikipedia page: The Thin Man (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The Thin Man (1934) is a detective novel by Dashiell Hammett, originally published in the December 1933 issue of Redbook.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: In her youth, Christina Aguilera used music to survive abuse and practiced singing along with albums in Pennsylvania at her grandmother's, eventually winning a talent show .
Wikipedia page: Christina Aguilera (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Life and career | 1980–1998: Early life and career beginnings
text: She aspired to be a singer, and won her first talent show at age eight with a rendition of Whitney Houston's "I Wanna Dance with Somebody (Who Loves Me)".
section_header: Life and career | 1980–1998: Early life and career beginnings
text: To cope with her turbulent household, she used music as a form of escape.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Leviticus doesn't consider any natural and unavoidable facets of life as ritually dirty.
Wikipedia page: Leviticus (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Structure
text: 10)III. Uncleanliness and its treatment (11:1–15:33) A. Unclean animals (ch. 11) B. Childbirth as a source of uncleanliness (ch. 12) C. Unclean diseases (ch. 13) D. Cleansing of diseases (ch. 14) E. Unclean discharges (ch. 15)IV.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Japanese music group BTS or the Bangtan Boys' acronym stands for "Bulletproof Boy Scouts."
Wikipedia page: BTS (band) (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: BTS (Korean: 방탄소년단; RR: Bangtan Sonyeondan), also known as the Bangtan Boys, is a seven-member South Korean boy band who began formation in 2010 and debuted in 2013.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Aniston's parents were actors.
Wikipedia page: Jennifer Aniston (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The daughter of actors John Aniston and Nancy Dow
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Horace Greeley founded the New York Times and was born in New Hampshire.
Wikipedia page: Horace Greeley (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Horace Greeley (February 3, 1811 – November 29, 1872) was an American newspaper editor and publisher who was the founder and editor of the New-York Tribune, among the great newspapers of its time.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Bacteria are about 10 mm in length.
Wikipedia page: Bacteria (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Morphology
text: Bacterial cells are about one-tenth the size of eukaryotic cells and are typically 0.5–5.0 micrometres in length.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The tragedy is a one of the longest play with over 4,500 lines and 30,000 words
Wikipedia page: Hamlet (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Analysis and criticism | Length
text: The Riverside edition constitutes 4,042 lines totaling 29,551 words, typically requiring over four hours to stage.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Lion, the Witch, and the Wardrobe has seen adaptations thrice on TV.
Wikipedia page: The Lion, the Witch, and the Wardrobe (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Adaptations | Television
text: The story has been adapted three times for television.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Joe Medwick was a professional MLB player that was nicknamed ducky and that played with a pigskin during his time at university.
Wikipedia page: Joe Medwick (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: University of Notre Dame football coach Knute Rockne made arrangements for Medwick to play football there, however Medwick decided to forgo college and enter professional baseball.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Hal Newhouser resigned being a scout after the team did not select a certain player.
Wikipedia page: Hal Newhouser (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Angered when they rebuffed his recommendation to draft future Hall of Famer Derek Jeter in favor of Phil Nevin, he quit shortly after.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Quiet Man has John Wayne featured in it.
Wikipedia page: The Quiet Man (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: It stars John Wayne, Maureen O'Hara, Barry Fitzgerald, Ward Bond and Victor McLaglen.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Pope Innocent III was a great peacemaker and was against killing.
Wikipedia page: Pope Innocent III (NOCAT)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Innocent greatly extended the scope of the Crusades, directing crusades against Muslim Spain and the Holy Land as well as the Albigensian Crusade against the Cathars in southern France.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: It is the second film in the series.
Wikipedia page: Pirates of the Caribbean: On Stranger Tides (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Pirates of the Caribbean: On Stranger Tides is a 2011 American fantasy swashbuckler film, the fourth installment in the Pirates of the Caribbean film series and a standalone sequel to At World's End (2007).
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Isomers were discovered by Frenchman Francis Iso whom named the chemical composition chain after himself.
Wikipedia page: Isomer (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: History
text: Isomerism was first observed in 1827, when Friedrich Wöhler prepared silver cyanate and discovered that, although its elemental composition of AgCNO was identical to silver fulminate (prepared by Justus von Liebig the previous year), its properties were distinct.
section_header: History
text: After additional discoveries of the same sort were made, such as Wöhler's 1828 discovery that urea has the same atomic composition (CH4N2O) as the chemically distinct ammonium cyanate, Jöns Jacob Berzelius introduced the term isomerism in 1830 to describe the phenomenon.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: A Place in the Sun is structured on the book by the same name.
Wikipedia page: A Place in the Sun (film) (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: A Place in the Sun is a 1951 American drama film based on the 1925 novel An American Tragedy by Theodore Dreiser and the 1926 play, also titled An American Tragedy.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: DiMaggio had 2 other names that he was called.
Wikipedia page: Joe DiMaggio (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Joseph Paul DiMaggio (November 25, 1914 – March 8, 1999), nicknamed "Joltin' Joe" and "The Yankee Clipper", was an American baseball center fielder who played his entire 13-year career in Major League Baseball for the New York Yankees.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: A Star Is Born was released and remade in 1954 from a 1937 film which has been remade four more times.
Wikipedia page: A Star Is Born (1954 film) (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: It is the second of four official adaptations of A Star Is Born, with the first in 1937 starring Janet Gaynor and Fredric March, the third in 1976 starring Barbra Streisand and Kris Kristofferson and the fourth in 2018 starring Lady Gaga and Bradley Cooper.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Mugwumps were a group of men who voted Democrat due to the corrupt candidate in their political party.
Wikipedia page: Mugwump (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: They switched because they rejected the financial corruption associated with Republican candidate James G. Blaine.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The country of Norway had a period of civil war that ended in 1130 which started over not having clear succession laws.
Wikipedia page: Norway (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: History | Civil war and peak of power
text: From the 1040s to 1130, the country was at peace.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The last four books of the Harry Potter series are the second fastest selling books in history.
Wikipedia page: Harry Potter (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The last four books consecutively set records as the fastest-selling books in history, with the final installment selling roughly eleven million copies in the United States within twenty-four hours of its release.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Willie Stargell played his whole career for the Pittsburgh Pirates and and lived with his aunt.
Wikipedia page: Willie Stargell (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Wilver Dornell Stargell (March 6, 1940 – April 9, 2001), nicknamed "Pops" later in his career, was an American professional baseball left fielder and first baseman who spent all of his 21 seasons in Major League Baseball (MLB) (1962–1982) with the Pittsburgh Pirates.
section_header: Early life
text: Stargell was born in Earlsboro, Oklahoma, but later moved to Florida with an aunt after his parents divorced.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Han dynasty was the third dynasty in China.
Wikipedia page: Han dynasty (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The Han dynasty (Chinese: 漢朝; pinyin: Hàncháo) was the second imperial dynasty of China (202 BC–220 AD), preceded by the short-lived Qin dynasty (221–206 BC) and a warring interregnum known as the Chu-Han contention (206–202 BC), and succeeded by the Three Kingdoms period (220–280 AD).
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Earning roughly $30 million in 2017, she is ranked as one of the highest paid actresses in Hollywood.
Wikipedia page: Jennifer Aniston (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: In the media | Wealth
text: It listed her earnings as $19.5 million in 2018.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Thoroughly Modern Millie was listed among the top ten highest - grossing movies in the year it was released.
Wikipedia page: Thoroughly Modern Millie (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: It ranked eighth among high-grossing films of 1967.
section_header: Summary
text: Thoroughly Modern Millie is a 1967 American musical-romantic comedy film directed by George Roy Hill and starring Julie Andrews.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Despite the horrible unfairness of the Dreyfus incident, in which Alfred Dreyfus was falsely imprisoned for a crime he did not commit, found guilty during a secret court martial and only years later pardoned for the crime, the whole affair ended in a much less horrific way.
Wikipedia page: Alfred Dreyfus (History)
Evidence:
section_header: The Dreyfus affair
text: On 12 July 1906, Dreyfus was officially exonerated by a military commission.
section_header: The Dreyfus affair
text: A week later, he was made Knight of the Legion of Honour, and subsequently assigned to command an artillery unit at Vincennes.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: This airport was voted best airport in the world in the year before 2010.
Wikipedia page: Beijing Capital International Airport (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Accolades
text: 2009 – 1st on the ranking of the World's Best Airport by Condé Nast Traveler magazine, based on its satisfaction survey.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Aleksandr Brorodin was Russian and Austrian descent.
Wikipedia page: Aleksandr Borodin (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Life and profession | Family and education
text: Borodin was born in Saint Petersburg as an illegitimate son of a 62-year-old Georgian nobleman, Luka Stepanovich Gedevanishvili, and a married 25-year-old Russian woman, Evdokia Konstantinovna Antonova.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The exact year when Hamlet was written is still unclear.
Wikipedia page: Hamlet (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The Tragedy of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark, often shortened to Hamlet (), is a tragedy written by William Shakespeare sometime between 1599 and 1601.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Iran is number two in term of stock of gas internationally.
Wikipedia page: Iran (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Economy | Energy
text: Iran has the world's second largest proved gas reserves after Russia, with 33.6 trillion cubic metres, and the third largest natural gas production after Indonesia and Russia.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Alexander Borodin had the status of a nobleman and was a brilliant composer of Russian novels with influence from the prominent piano and harp models.
Wikipedia page: Aleksandr Borodin (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Life and profession | Family and education
text: Despite his status as a commoner, Borodin was well provided for by his Georgian father and grew up in a large four-storey house, which was gifted to Alexander and his "aunt" by the nobleman.
section_header: Summary
text: Alexander Porfiryevich Borodin (Russian: Alexander Porfiryevich Borodin (Russian: Александр Порфирьевич Бородин, IPA: [ɐlʲɪkˈsandr pɐrˈfʲi rʲjɪvʲɪtɕ bərɐˈdʲin] (listen); 12 November 1833 – 27 February 1887) was a Russian chemist and Romantic musical composer of Georgian ancestry.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Hal Newhouser was popular in his school in Dearborn.
Wikipedia page: Hal Newhouser (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: Newhouser was a schoolboy star at Wilbur Wright High School in his hometown of Detroit, Michigan.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Johnny Evers was a Virginian.
Wikipedia page: Johnny Evers (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) from 1902 through 1917 for the Chicago Cubs, Boston Braves, and Philadelphia Phillies.
section_header: Summary
text: Evers was born in Troy, New York.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Earth, Wind & Fire is a band that never has been covered by any other artist and plays many genres.
Wikipedia page: Earth, Wind & Fire (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Legacy
text: Earth, Wind & Fire's songs have been covered by artists including Whitney Houston, D'Angelo, Donny Osmond, Patti LaBelle, Taylor Swift,
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: In George Orwell's Animal Farm, the pigs take control of the farm.
Wikipedia page: Animal Farm (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Plot summary
text: When Old Major dies, two young pigs, Snowball and Napoleon, assume command and stage a revolt, driving Mr. Jones off the farm and renaming the property "Animal Farm".
section_header: Plot summary
text: The pigs elevate themselves to positions of leadership and set aside special food items, ostensibly for their personal health.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The population of the United States does own 10% of the richness around the globe.
Wikipedia page: United States (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Although its population is only 4.3% of the world total, it holds 29.4% of the total wealth in the world, the largest share held by any country.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Little Prince is a book that was also a movie and other medias.
Wikipedia page: The Little Prince (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The Little Prince has been adapted to numerous art forms and media, including audio recordings, radio plays, live stage, film, television, ballet, and opera.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Paraguay's ancestors were Guarani and Inca.
Wikipedia page: Paraguay (History)
Evidence:
section_header: History | Pre-Columbian era
text: The indigenous Guaraní had been living in eastern Paraguay for at least a millennium before the arrival of the Spanish.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: There are several theories as to how exactly the Golden Horde got its title.
Wikipedia page: Golden Horde (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Name
text: The name Golden Horde, a partial calque of Russian Золотая Орда (Zolotája Ordá), itself supposedly a partial calque of Turkic Altan Orda, is said to have been inspired by the golden color of the tents the Mongols lived in during wartime, or an actual golden tent used by Batu Khan or by Uzbek Khan, or to have been bestowed by the Slavic tributaries to describe the great wealth of the khan.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Brubeck and his wife were together for seventy years.
Wikipedia page: Dave Brubeck (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Personal life
text: Dave Brubeck married jazz lyricist Iola Whitlock in September 1942; the couple were married for 70 years up until his death.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: George Washington thought that the Articles of Confederation were strong enough to hold the former colonies together.
Wikipedia page: George Washington (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Early republic (1783–1789) | Constitutional Convention of 1787
text: Though he was concerned that he might be criticized for meddling in civil matters, he sent a circular letter to all the states maintaining that the Articles of Confederation was no more than "a rope of sand" linking the states.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Red Hot Chili Peppers guitarist died from cancer in 1988.
Wikipedia page: Red Hot Chili Peppers (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Slovak died of a drug overdose on June 25, 1988; Irons, devastated, left the band.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Mary's reign started when she was 6 days old.
Wikipedia page: Mary, Queen of Scots (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Mary, the only surviving legitimate child of King James V of Scotland, was six days old when her father died and she acceded to the throne.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The moment of inertia is also known as kinetic energy.
Wikipedia page: Moment of inertia (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The moment of inertia, otherwise known as the mass moment of inertia, angular mass or rotational inertia, of a rigid body is a quantity that determines the torque needed for a desired angular acceleration about a rotational axis; similar to how mass determines the force needed for a desired acceleration.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Book of Leviticus was called so because of a word in Greek.
Wikipedia page: Leviticus (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Name
text: The English name Leviticus comes from the Latin Leviticus, which is in turn from the Greek Λευιτικόν, Leuitikon, referring to the priestly tribe of the Israelites, “Levi.”
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Walsh threw a no-hitter during his career.
Wikipedia page: Ed Walsh (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: MLB career | Peak years
text: On August 27, 1911, Walsh no-hit the Boston Red Sox 5-0.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Henry Morton Stanley changed his last name after he immigrated to America.
Wikipedia page: Henry Morton Stanley (History)
Evidence:
section_header: New country, new name
text: Out of admiration, John took Stanley's name.
section_header: New country, new name
text: Rowlands emigrated to the United States in 1859 at age 18.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: In the 2016 presidential selection process, George H. W. Bush cast his ballot for the liberal party representative instead of the conservative representative.
Wikipedia page: George H. W. Bush (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Post-presidency (1993–2018) | Final years
text: George H. W. Bush later said that he voted for the Democratic nominee, Hillary Clinton, in the general election.
section_header: Post-presidency (1993–2018) | Final years
text: Neither George H.W. nor George W. Bush endorsed the eventual Republican nominee, Donald Trump; all three Bushes emerged as frequent critics of Trump's policies and speaking style, while Trump frequently criticized George W. Bush's presidency.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Giacomo Rappaccini is a lawyer who loves gardening and isolates himself from his daughter.
Wikipedia page: Rappaccini's Daughter (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: It is about Giacomo Rappaccini, a medical researcher in medieval Padua who grows a garden of poisonous plants.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Song of the Lark is the fourth book by French writer and is about an artist in the making.
Wikipedia page: Song of the Lark (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The Song of the Lark is the third novel by American author Willa Cather, written in 1915.
Verdict: REFUTES