tasksource/fool-me-twice huggingface dataset:
Claim: The Star Wars movie was nominated multiple times.
Wikipedia page: Star Wars: The Force Awakens (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Reception | Accolades
text: They were nominated as Best Newcomers at various critics circle and associations, including the Alliance of Women Film Journalists, and the Florida Film Critics Circle, The Force Awakens received eleven nominations at the MTV Movie Awards, the most for the ceremony, including Movie of the Year, Best Female Performance for Ridley, Best Breakthrough Performance for Boyega, and Best Virtual Performance for Lupita Nyong'o and Andy Serkis.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Bowie passed after the release of Blackstar.
Wikipedia page: David Bowie (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Death
text: On 10 January 2016, two days after his 69th birthday and the release of the album Blackstar, Bowie died from liver cancer in his New York City apartment.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Mel Ott was a multiple time leader in home runs in the NL and played semi pro as a teenager.
Wikipedia page: Mel Ott (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: During high school, he played on a semi-pro team three or four days a week.
section_header: Baseball records and accomplishments | Home runs
text: Six-time NL home run leader (1932, 1934, 1936–38, 1942).
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The movie came out in the 1980s.
Wikipedia page: Places in the Heart (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Places in the Heart is a 1984 American drama film written and directed by Robert Benton about a Depression-era Texas widow who tries to save her family farm with the help of a blind white man and a poor black man.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Spotify's premium users do not have to listen to ads.
Wikipedia page: Spotify (Technology)
Evidence:
section_header: Geographic availability
text: However, based on complaints from users who reside in overseas or dependent territories that are part of sovereign states where Spotify is available, it is often impossible to buy premium membership there or download the app from Google Play, as opposed to App Store.
section_header: Business model | Stations by Spotify
text: Users who do not subscribe to Spotify Premium hear location-targeted adverts.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Joe Medwick was part of a "gang" in the early 1930s.
Wikipedia page: Joe Medwick (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: A left fielder with the St. Louis Cardinals during the "Gashouse Gang" era of the 1930s
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Alexander the Second of Russia did not die of natural cause and was the King of Poland.
Wikipedia page: Alexander II of Russia (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Aleksandr II Nikolayevich, IPA: Aleksandr II Nikolayevich, IPA: [ɐlʲɪˈksandr ftɐˈroj nʲɪkɐˈlajɪvʲɪtɕ]; 29 April 1818 – 13 March 1881) was the Emperor of Russia, King of Poland and Grand Duke of Finland from 2 March 1855 until his assassination on 13 March 1881.Alexander's most significant reform as emperor was emancipation of Russia's serfs in 1861, for which he is known as Alexander the Liberator (Russian: Алекса́ндр
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: James Stewart was an actor that has starred in 85 movies.
Wikipedia page: James Stewart (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Known for his distinctive drawl and everyman screen persona, Stewart had a film career that spanned over 55 years from 1935 and 1991 and 80 films.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Sol White is thought to be from Ohio.
Wikipedia page: Sol White (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: Born in Bellaire, Ohio, White's early life is not well-documented.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Odawa war chief Pontiac laid siege to a fort and this led to a British agreement not to settle past the Appalachias.
Wikipedia page: Pontiac (person) (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Pontiac's actions contributed to the British Crown's issuance of the Proclamation of 1763, which prohibited British settlers west of the Appalachian Mountains to preserve an area for Native Americans.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: In A Christmas Carol, Charles Dickens modeled the persona of Tim on his young relative.
Wikipedia page: A Christmas Carol (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Characters
text: For the character Tiny Tim, Dickens used his nephew Henry, a disabled boy who was five at the time A Christmas Carol was written.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Ethel Barrymore was raised in the capital of Pennsylvania.
Wikipedia page: Ethel Barrymore (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: She spent her childhood in Philadelphia and attended Roman Catholic schools there.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Socrates did take notes of all of his teachings.
Wikipedia page: Socrates (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Socratic problem
text: As Socrates did not write down any of his teachings, secondary sources provide the only information on his life and thought.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Eisenhower's presidency followed Roosevelt's.
Wikipedia page: Dwight D. Eisenhower (History)
Evidence:
section_header: After World War II | Presidential campaign of 1952
text: President Truman sensed a broad-based desire for an Eisenhower candidacy for president, and he again pressed him to run for the office as a Democrat in 1951.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: American baseball player Willard Brown died at the age of 81 after suffering from Alzheimer's.
Wikipedia page: Willard Brown (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Later life and legacy
text: He had been suffering from Alzheimer's disease for several years.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Scarlet Letter was first printed in the middle of the 19th century.
Wikipedia page: The Scarlet Letter (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The Scarlet Letter: A Romance is a work of historical fiction by American author Nathaniel Hawthorne, published in 1850.
section_header: Publication history
text: The Scarlet Letter was first published in the spring of 1850 by Ticknor & Fields, beginning Hawthorne's most lucrative period.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Theogony is a poem by Hesiod (8th – 7th century BC) describing the origins and genealogies of the Greek gods, composed c. 730–700 BC, and contains 1500 lines.
Wikipedia page: Theogony (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: It is written in the Epic dialect of Ancient Greek and contains 1022 lines.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Carl Friedrich Gauss belonged to a impoverished family.
Wikipedia page: Carl Friedrich Gauss (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Personal life | Early years
text: Johann Carl Friedrich Gauss was born on 30 April 1777 in Brunswick (Braunschweig), in the Duchy of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel (now part of Lower Saxony, Germany), to poor, working-class parents.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Quiet Man was a song by Bing Crosby about a soldier who lost his voice from a bomb in World War 2.
Wikipedia page: The Quiet Man (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The Quiet Man is a 1952 American romantic comedy-drama film directed by John Ford.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Twitter was started in March 2006 and the firt tweet happened that month.
Wikipedia page: Twitter (Technology)
Evidence:
section_header: History | Creation and initial reaction
text: Work on the project started on March 21, 2006, when Dorsey published the first Twitter message at 9:50 p.m. Pacific Standard Time (PST): "just setting up my twttr".
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Kristen Stewart is currently the female actor that makes the most money annually.
Wikipedia page: Kristen Stewart (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The world's highest-paid actress in 2010 and 2012
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: To the Lighthouse is set in Northern Ireland.
Wikipedia page: To the Lighthouse (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The novel centres on the Ramsay family and their visits to the Isle of Skye in Scotland between 1910 and 1920.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Snider was given his moniker from his dad in his childhood.
Wikipedia page: Duke Snider (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: Born in Los Angeles, Snider was nicknamed "Duke" by his father at age 5.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: It is Shakespeare's longest play.
Wikipedia page: Hamlet (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Analysis and criticism | Length
text: Hamlet is Shakespeare's longest play.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Nicki Minaj has four siblings.
Wikipedia page: Nicki Minaj (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: She has an elder brother named Jelani, an older sister named Maya, a younger brother named Micaiah, and a younger sister named Ming.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Britten was a clerk before he began composing music.
Wikipedia page: Benjamin Britten (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Life and career | Early years
text: He started piano lessons when he was seven years old, and three years later began to play the viola.
section_header: Life and career | Early years
text: Robert Britten's youthful ambition to become a farmer had been thwarted by lack of capital, and he had instead trained as a dentist, a profession he practised successfully but without pleasure.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Shaka never served under Dingiswayo.
Wikipedia page: Shaka (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: In his early days, Shaka served as a warrior under the sway of Dingiswayo.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Coronado fell from a horse and got hurt.
Wikipedia page: Francisco Vasquez de Coronado (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Legacy
text: In 1952, the United States established Coronado National Memorial near Sierra Vista, Arizona to commemorate his expedition.
section_header: Expedition | Expedition end
text: Vázquez de Coronado returned to the Tiguex Province in New Mexico from Quivira and was badly injured in a fall from his horse "after the winter was over", according to the chronicler Castañeda—probably in March 1542.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The colosseum never inspired other structures.
Wikipedia page: Colosseum (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Works modeled on, or inspired by, the Colosseum
text: The Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum entrance was inspired by the Colosseum.
section_header: Works modeled on, or inspired by, the Colosseum
text: The Palazzo della Civilta Italiana was very closely modelled on the Colosseum.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Kinetic Energy is calculated via the simple formula, E=Mc^2.
Wikipedia page: Kinetic energy (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Overview
text: Several mathematical descriptions of kinetic energy exist that describe it in the appropriate physical situation.
section_header: Overview
text: For objects and processes in common human experience, the formula ½mv² given by Newtonian (classical) mechanics is suitable.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: A Star Is Born stars Bette Davis.
Wikipedia page: A Star Is Born (1954 film) (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: A Star Is Born is a 1954 American musical film written by Moss Hart, starring Judy Garland and James Mason, and directed by George Cukor.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Christmas Carol novel was first released in London in 1844.
Wikipedia page: A Christmas Carol (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: In 1849 he began public readings of the story, which proved so successful he undertook 127 further performances until 1870, the year of his death.
section_header: Summary
text: A Christmas Carol. A Christmas Carol. In Prose. Being a Ghost Story of Christmas, commonly known as A Christmas Carol, is a novella by Charles Dickens, first published in London by Chapman & Hall in 1843 and illustrated by John Leech.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Darius Milhaud is a composer and his opus  at over 400.
Wikipedia page: Darius Milhaud (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Works
text: His opus list ended at 443. Milhaud (like such contemporaries as Hindemith, Malipiero, Henry Cowell, Hovhaness, Martinů, and Villa-Lobos) was an extremely rapid creator, for whom the art of writing music seemed almost as natural as breathing.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Johnny Evers played 15 years in the MLB.
Wikipedia page: Johnny Evers (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) from 1902 through 1917 for the Chicago Cubs, Boston Braves, and Philadelphia Phillies.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: In 2018 the total value of the franchise was estimated at $35 billion.
Wikipedia page: Harry Potter (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: In 2016, the total value of the Harry Potter franchise was estimated at $25 billion, making Harry Potter one of the highest-grossing media franchises of all time.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Sol was a sportswriter and a pro infielder, director and executive and was voted in to the Baseball Hall of Fame.
Wikipedia page: Sol White (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: King Solomon "Sol" White (June 12, 1868 – August 26, 1955) was an American professional baseball infielder, manager and executive, and one of the pioneers of the Negro leagues.
section_header: Summary
text: An active sportswriter for many years, he wrote the first definitive history of black baseball in 1907.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Han dynasty existed before the birth of christ and after, lasting over 4 centuries.
Wikipedia page: Han dynasty (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The Han dynasty (Chinese: 漢朝; pinyin: Hàncháo) was the second imperial dynasty of China (202 BC–220 AD), preceded by the short-lived Qin dynasty (221–206 BC) and a warring interregnum known as the Chu-Han contention (206–202 BC), and succeeded by the Three Kingdoms period (220–280 AD).
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Mark Antony killed himself after Cleopatra did because they were lovers on the run.
Wikipedia page: Mark Antony (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Master of the Roman East | Death
text: With no other refuge to escape to, Antony committed suicide by stabbing himself with his sword in the mistaken belief that Cleopatra had already done so.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Acropolis of Athens is an acropolis that was destroyed in the fires during the invasion by Hannibal.
Wikipedia page: Acropolis of Athens (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: The Acropolis Restoration Project
text: The Project began during 1975 but as of 2017 it has almost ground to a halt.
section_header: The Acropolis Restoration Project
text: The goal of the restoration was to reverse the decay of centuries of attrition, pollution, destruction stemming from military use, and misguided past restorations.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Despite the name The Scarlet Letter: A Romance, is not a romance but instead the story of a woman being harassed by her community and stalked by an ex love.
Wikipedia page: The Scarlet Letter (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Set in Puritan Massachusetts Bay Colony during the years 1642 to 1649, the novel tells the story of Hester Prynne who conceives a daughter through an affair and then struggles to create a new life of repentance and dignity.
section_header: Plot
text: She is required to wear a scarlet "A" on her dress when she is in front of the townspeople to shame her.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Rube Waddell loved dogs.
Wikipedia page: Rube Waddell (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Early baseball career
text: He was easily distracted by opposing fans who held up puppies, which caused him to run over to play with them, and shiny objects, which seemed to put him in a trance.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Backstreet Boys has five members which started in Florida in the 1990s.
Wikipedia page: Backstreet Boys (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Backstreet Boys  (often abbreviated as BSB) is an American vocal group, formed in Orlando, Florida in 1993.
section_header: Summary
text: The group consists of AJ McLean, Howie Dorough, Nick Carter, Kevin Richardson, and Brian Littrell.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Theogony is not poetic literature.
Wikipedia page: Theogony (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The Theogony (Greek: Θεογονία, Theogonía, Attic Greek: [tʰeoɡoníaː], i.e. "the genealogy or birth of the gods") is a poem by Hesiod (8th – 7th century BC) describing the origins and genealogies of the Greek gods, composed c. 730–700 BC.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Arsenal F.C. is an elite team in the Premier League.
Wikipedia page: Arsenal F.C. (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Arsenal Football Club is a professional football club based in Islington, London, England, that plays in the Premier League, the top flight of English football.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Molotov was a protege' of Leon Trotsky.
Wikipedia page: Vyacheslav Molotov (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Vyacheslav Mikhailovich Molotov (; né Skryabin; (OS 25 February) 9 March 1890 – 8 November 1986) was a Soviet politician and diplomat, an Old Bolshevik, and a leading figure in the Soviet government from the 1920s, when he rose to power as a protégé of Joseph Stalin.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Cooper was from Tennessee.
Wikipedia page: Andy Cooper (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: Cooper was born in Waco, Texas, where he attended A. J. Moore High School.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Mary was accused of plotting an assassination against Queen Elizabeth.
Wikipedia page: Mary, Queen of Scots (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: After eighteen and a half years in custody, Mary was found guilty of plotting to assassinate Elizabeth in 1586, and was beheaded the following year at Fotheringhay Castle.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The United States has friendly interactions with many other countries, but its association with the UK is the friendliest.
Wikipedia page: United States (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Government and politics | Foreign relations
text: The United States has a "Special Relationship" with the United Kingdom and strong ties with India, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, the Philippines, Japan, South Korea, Israel, and several European Union countries, including France, Italy, Germany, Spain and Poland.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: There has been only 5 translations of the book series.
Wikipedia page: Harry Potter (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Origins | Translations
text: The series has been translated into 80 languages, placing Rowling among the most translated authors in history.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Giusepe Verdi was the second kid to be born from his parents.
Wikipedia page: Giuseppe Verdi (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Life | Childhood and education
text: Verdi, the first child of Carlo Giuseppe Verdi (1785–1867) and Luigia Uttini (1787–1851), was born at their home in Le Roncole, a village near Busseto, then in the Département Taro and within the borders of  the First French Empire following the annexation of the Duchy of Parma and Piacenza in 1808.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The United States of America is the world leader in the production of atmospheric pollution per capita.
Wikipedia page: United States (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Infrastructure | Energy
text: The United States has historically been the world's largest producer of greenhouse gases, and greenhouse gas emissions per capita remain high.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Haines was a famous pitcher for the St. Louis baseball team with which he was voted the MVP in the 1931 baseball championship.
Wikipedia page: Jesse Haines (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Major league career
text: He won 20 games or more three times for the Cardinals and won three World Series championships (in 1926, 1931, and 1934), though he did not pitch in the 1931 series.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: the original film version of Sister Carrie was released in the 50s.
Wikipedia page: Sister Carrie (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: On screen and stage
text: Laurence Olivier and Jennifer Jones starred in the 1952 film version, Carrie, directed by William Wyler.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The first crest of Arsenal FC dates back to the 1800s.
Wikipedia page: Arsenal F.C. (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Crest
text: Unveiled in 1888, Royal Arsenal's first crest featured three cannons viewed from above, pointing northwards, similar to the coat of arms of the Metropolitan Borough of Woolwich (nowadays transferred to the coat of arms of the Royal Borough of Greenwich).
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Greek philosopher Socrates died of old age.
Wikipedia page: Socrates (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Biography | Trial and death | Death
text: Socrates's death is described at the end of Plato's Phaedo, although Plato was not himself present at the execution.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The fantasy series Harry Potter, which follows the adventures of a young wizard and his friends Hermione Granger and Ron Weasley, has been accused by Nancy Stouffer for plagiarizing her work and Rowling sued her in response.
Wikipedia page: Harry Potter (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Reception | Controversies
text: The popularity and high market value of the series has led Rowling, her publishers, and film distributor Warner Bros. to take legal measures to protect their copyright, which have included banning the sale of Harry Potter imitations, targeting the owners of websites over the "Harry Potter" domain name, and suing author Nancy Stouffer to counter her accusations that Rowling had plagiarised her work.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The three act play Our Town by Thornton Wilder, includes three football players that heckle George at a funeral.
Wikipedia page: Our Town (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Characters
text: Three Baseball Players – who mock George at the wedding
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Darius Milhaud was a French composer that had a child that was also his second Cousin.
Wikipedia page: Darius Milhaud (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Life and career
text: In 1930 she gave birth to a son, the painter and sculptor Daniel Milhaud, who was the couple's only child.
section_header: Life and career
text: In 1925, Milhaud married his cousin, Madeleine (1902–2008), an actress and reciter.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Aroostook War took place for one year.
Wikipedia page: Aroostook War (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The Aroostook War (sometimes called the Pork and Beans War) was a military and civilian-involved confrontation in 1838–1839 between the United States and the United Kingdom over the international boundary between the British colony of New Brunswick and the U.S. state of Maine.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The story takes place in Colonial America.
Wikipedia page: The Scarlet Letter (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Set in Puritan Massachusetts Bay Colony during the years 1642 to 1649, the novel tells the story of Hester Prynne who conceives a daughter through an affair and then struggles to create a new life of repentance and dignity.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Hamlet or The Tragedy of Hamlet, is William's lengthiest tragedy play.
Wikipedia page: Hamlet (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: It is Shakespeare's longest play with 30,557 words.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Red Hot Chili Peppers is a musical group and has had a member died.
Wikipedia page: Red Hot Chili Peppers (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: History | 1985–1988: Building a following, drug abuse, and Slovak's death
text: Slovak died from a heroin overdose on June 25, 1988, soon after the conclusion of the Uplift tour.
section_header: Summary
text: Red Hot Chili Peppers (commonly abbreviated as RHCP) are an American rock band formed in Los Angeles in 1983.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Alcohol was not consumed during the Han dynasty.
Wikipedia page: Han dynasty (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Culture and society | Food
text: Beer and wine were regularly consumed.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Waddell was put in a nursing home and passed at the age of 73.
Wikipedia page: Rube Waddell (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Final years
text: His health never recovered, and he was placed in a sanitarium in nearby Elmendorf until he died at the age of 37 on April 1, 1914.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Sergeant York was awarded the medal of honor, a few other medals and a movie was made about him.
Wikipedia page: Sergeant York (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: After the war | Legacy and film story
text: In 1941 the movie Sergeant York, directed by Howard Hawks with Gary Cooper in the title role, told about his life and Medal of Honor action.
section_header: Historical reputation and legacy | Medal of Honor controversy
text: York received the Medal of Honor, and over the years, eight of the others who lived through that day's fighting also received valor awards, including the Distinguished Service Cross for Early in 1929, and the Silver Star for Cutting (aka Otis B. Merrithew) in 1965.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The activist group The Mugwumps were named after a Native American word.
Wikipedia page: Mugwump (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Etymology
text: Dictionaries report that "mugguomp" is an Algonquian word  meaning "person of importance" or "war leader".
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Good Earth used to be the most sold novel in America.
Wikipedia page: The Good Earth (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: It was the best-selling novel in the United States in both 1931 and 1932, won the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction in 1932, and was influential in Buck's winning the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1938.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Duke Snider played for the Giants in 1943 and became the all-time leader in home runs.
Wikipedia page: Duke Snider (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Major leagues
text: Snider was sold to the San Francisco Giants on Opening Day in 1964.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The first Prime Minister of Great Britain Robert Walpole was one of 19 children.
Wikipedia page: Robert Walpole (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: One of 19 children, he was the third son and fifth child of Robert Walpole, a member of the local gentry and a Whig politician who represented the borough of Castle Rising in the House of Commons, and his wife Mary Walpole, the daughter and heiress of Sir Geoffrey Burwell of Rougham, Suffolk.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: A Star Is Born is a 1954 American musical movie and the first of two productions by the same name.
Wikipedia page: A Star Is Born (1954 film) (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: It is the second of four official adaptations of A Star Is Born, with the first in 1937 starring Janet Gaynor and Fredric March, the third in 1976 starring Barbra Streisand and Kris Kristofferson and the fourth in 2018 starring Lady Gaga and Bradley Cooper.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: In the film A Place in the Sun, George attempts to drown his old girlfriend while she is bathing.
Wikipedia page: A Place in the Sun (film) (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Plot
text: As George apparently takes pity on her, Alice tries to stand up in the boat, causing it to capsize, and Alice drowns.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The Golden Horde, a Mongolian Khanate, had parts that survived until the 18th century.
Wikipedia page: Golden Horde (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: “Great State” in Turkic was originally a Mongol and later Turkicized khanate established in the 13th century and originating as the northwestern sector of the Mongol Empire.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Camillo Benso died after allowing doctors to bleed him.
Wikipedia page: Camillo Benso, Count of Cavour (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Biography | Prime Minister of Italy
text: His regular doctor would have refused, but he was not available; so Cavour was bled several times until it was nearly impossible to draw any blood from him.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: James Stewart had a drawl and was from Indiana.
Wikipedia page: James Stewart (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Career | Leading man (1938–1941)
text: So well-known had his slow drawl become that comedians began impersonating him.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Paraguay's electricity source comes from water plants.
Wikipedia page: Paraguay (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Economy
text: Both are financed on a pay as you go system by worker contributions; the first, Instituto de Previsión Social is for private sector employees, and the caja fiscal for public employees (including university professors, teachers, judicial employees, army officers and police officers) and veterans of the Chaco War (or their descendants).100% of Paraguay's electricity is produced using hydroelectricity, making it one of the cleanest in the world.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Fifty Shades of Grey is a movie that had explicit scenes of misogyny.
Wikipedia page: Fifty Shades of Grey (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Universal Pictures and Focus Features produced an American film adaptation, which was released on 13 February 2015, and also received unfavourable reviews even though it was a box office success.
section_header: Summary
text: It is notable for its explicitly erotic scenes featuring elements of sexual practices involving BDSM (bondage/discipline, dominance/submission, and sadism/masochism).
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Animal Farm is an allegorical novella by George Orwell, first published in England on 17 August 1945 that won a Retrospective Hugo Award in 1996 and is included in the Great Books of the Western World selection.
Wikipedia page: Animal Farm (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Animal Farm is an allegorical novella by George Orwell, first published in England on 17 August 1945.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: A reflection is when waves bounce off a change in materials.
Wikipedia page: Reflection (physics) (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Reflection is the change in direction of a wavefront at an interface between two different media so that the wavefront returns into the medium from which it originated.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Wagner played practically his whole career for the Pirates.
Wikipedia page: Honus Wagner (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Johannes Peter "Honus" Wagner (; February 24, 1874 – December 6, 1955), sometimes referred to as "Hans" Wagner, was an American baseball shortstop who played 21 seasons in Major League Baseball from 1897 to 1917, almost entirely for the Pittsburgh Pirates.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Little Prince tests adults by having them participate in a game of chance with him.
Wikipedia page: The Little Prince (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Plot
text: As a test to determine if a grown-up is enlightened and like a child, he shows them a picture that he drew at the age of 6 depicting a snake which has eaten an elephant.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Christ the redeemer is not the tallest stone Jesus statue on Earth, but was made entirely by a guy from Brazil.
Wikipedia page: Christ the Redeemer (statue) (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Christ the Redeemer (Portuguese: Cristo Redentor, standard Brazilian Portuguese: [ˈkɾistu ʁedenˈtoʁ], local pronunciation: [ˈkɾiɕtŭ̻ xe̞denˈtoɦ]) is an Art Deco statue of Jesus Christ in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, created by French sculptor Paul Landowski and built by Brazilian engineer Heitor da Silva Costa, in collaboration with French engineer Albert Caquot.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Honus Wagner's sporting goods store permanently closed in 2013.
Wikipedia page: Honus Wagner (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Professional career | Life after baseball
text: A sporting goods store bearing the name "Honus Wagner" operated in downtown Pittsburgh for 93 years before closing permanently in 2011.The Pirates hosted the 1944 Major League Baseball All-Star Game at Forbes Field.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Vichy France only had a few officials repremanded for war crimes.
Wikipedia page: Vichy France (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Historiographical debates and "Vichy Syndrome"
text: While the criminal behaviour of Vichy France was consistently acknowledged, this point of view denied any responsibility of the state of France, alleging that acts committed between 1940 and 1944 were unconstitutional acts devoid of legitimacy.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Camillo Benso, Count of Cavour, was an Italian statesman that was the 1st Prime Minister of Italy.
Wikipedia page: Camillo Benso, Count of Cavour (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: After the declaration of a united Kingdom of Italy, Cavour took office as the first Prime Minister of Italy; he died after only three months in office, and thus did not live to see Venetia or Rome added to the new Italian nation.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Borobudur is the biggest Buddhist temple in Indonesia.
Wikipedia page: Borobudur (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Borobudur, or Barabudur (Indonesian: Candi Borobudur, Javanese: ꦕꦤ꧀ꦣꦶꦧꦫꦧꦸꦣꦸꦂ, romanized: Candhi Barabudhur) is a 9th-century Mahayana Buddhist temple in Magelang Regency, not far from the town of Muntilan, in Central Java, Indonesia.
section_header: Summary
text: It is the world's largest Buddhist temple.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Norwegian is difficult for people in Scandinavia to learn.
Wikipedia page: Norway (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: In addition, the Norwegian languages share mutual intelligibility with Danish and Swedish.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Shaka was assassinated by Henry Francis Fynn.
Wikipedia page: Shaka (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: In turn, he was ultimately assassinated by his own half brothers, Dingane and Mhlangana.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Hal started playing for the Cleveland Indians when he was 18 years old.
Wikipedia page: Hal Newhouser (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: He was signed by the Detroit Tigers in 1939 at the age of 18.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Thompson is a devout Catholic.
Wikipedia page: Emma Thompson (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Personal life | Views and activism
text: Thompson has said of her religious views: I'm an atheist ... I regard religion with fear and suspicion.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: James Stewart expired due to issues with his lungs.
Wikipedia page: James Stewart (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The marriage lasted until McLean's death in 1994; Stewart died of a pulmonary embolism three years later.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Richie invented soul music.
Wikipedia page: Lionel Richie (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Career | Commodores
text: The Commodores then became established as a popular soul group.
section_header: Summary
text: Beginning in 1968, Richie was a member of the funk and soul band the Commodores.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: A Star Is Born has been remade in Bollywood in 2012, and again most recently in 2017.
Wikipedia page: A Star Is Born (1954 film) (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Remakes
text: The film was remade in Bollywood as Aashiqui 2 in 2013.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Richard I of England is one of the few English kings that could not actually hold his own in a fight, and is known for losing fights one-on-one, despite his warmongering leadership style.
Wikipedia page: Richard I of England (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Character and sexuality
text: Contemporaries considered Richard as both a king and a knight famed for personal martial prowess; this was, apparently, the first such instance of this combination.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: No sequels to The Thin Man by Dashiell Hammet were ever published.
Wikipedia page: The Thin Man (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: During the course of this work, he wrote After the Thin Man and Another Thin Man, which, discovered amongst Hammett's papers in 2011, together with instructions by Hammett for incorporation of additional elements written by screenwriters Albert Hackett and Frances Goodrich, were edited by Hammett's biographer Richard Layman in collaboration with Hammett's granddaughter Julie M. Rivett and published as novellas in Return of the Thin Man in 2012.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Snider had 2 other names he was referred to in MLB.
Wikipedia page: Duke Snider (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Edwin Donald "Duke" Snider (September 19, 1926 – February 27, 2011), nicknamed "The Silver Fox" and "The Duke of Flatbush", was an American professional baseball player.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Hong Kong separated from the U.K. in the 1990s.
Wikipedia page: Hong Kong (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: History
text: Diplomatic negotiations with China resulted in the 1984 Sino-British Joint Declaration, in which the United Kingdom agreed to transfer the colony in 1997 and China would guarantee Hong Kong's economic and political systems for 50 years after the transfer.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The White is a house in Washington D.C. and was erected in the late 1700s.
Wikipedia page: White House (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: It is located at 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue NW in Washington, D.C., and has been the residence of every U.S. president since John Adams in 1800.
section_header: Early history | Construction
text: Construction of the White House began with the laying of the cornerstone on October 13, 1792, although there was no formal ceremony.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: The Christ the Redeemer statue has been divinely protected from fire-bolts and storms crossing the Brazilian skies.
Wikipedia page: Christ the Redeemer (statue) (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Restoration
text: Maintenance work needs to be conducted periodically due to the strong winds and erosion to which the statue is exposed, as well as lightning strikes.
section_header: History
text: Lightning struck the statue during a violent thunderstorm on February 10, 2008, causing some damage to the fingers, head and eyebrows.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Anthony Quinn was a Latinx actor who was born in Chihuahua and claimed to not have an Irish father.
Wikipedia page: Anthony Quinn (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: In Quinn's autobiography, The Original Sin: A Self-portrait by Anthony Quinn, he denied being the son of an "Irish adventurer" and attributed that tale to Hollywood publicists.
section_header: Early life
text: Quinn was born Manuel Antonio (according to his baptismal record) Rodolfo Quinn Oaxaca on April 21, 1915, in Chihuahua, Mexico, during the Mexican Revolution to Manuela "Nellie" (née Oaxaca) and Francisco "Frank" Quinn.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Saturn has clouds that are named after plants that are farmed.
Wikipedia page: Saturn (Science)
Evidence:
section_header: Physical characteristics | Atmosphere | Other features
text: Cassini observed a series of cloud features nicknamed "String of Pearls" found in northern latitudes.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Pope Innocent III passed away in 1217.
Wikipedia page: Pope Innocent III (NOCAT)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Pope Innocent III (Latin: Innocentius III; 1160 or 1161 – 16 July 1216), born Lotario dei
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: An effigy of Nero, near the Colosseum, was thought to have mystical properties.
Wikipedia page: Colosseum (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Name
text: Despite its pagan links, the statue remained standing well into the medieval era and was credited with magical powers.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Ed Walsh is one of the two pitchers to win 40 or more games in one season but was banned from joining the baseball hall of fame due to gambling.
Wikipedia page: Ed Walsh (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: He was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1946.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Theogony has less than 100 lines.
Wikipedia page: Theogony (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: It is written in the Epic dialect of Ancient Greek and contains 1022 lines.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: It has been considered as one of the most influential works of literature.
Wikipedia page: Hamlet (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Hamlet is considered among the most powerful and influential works of world literature, with a story capable of "seemingly endless retelling and adaptation by others".
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Henry IV of France was a patron of the arts.
Wikipedia page: Henry IV of France (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Achievements of his reign
text: King Henry IV, a promoter of the arts by all classes of people, invited hundreds of artists and craftsmen to live and work on the building's lower floors.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Ruppert was in army and a politician before he managed a baseball team.
Wikipedia page: Jacob Ruppert (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Jacob Ruppert Jr. (August 5, 1867 – January 13, 1939) was an American brewer, businessman, National Guard colonel and politician who served for four terms representing New York in the United States House of Representatives from 1899 to 1907.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Shaka was assassinated by his own half brothers, Dingane and Mhlangana.
Wikipedia page: Shaka (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: In turn, he was ultimately assassinated by his own half brothers, Dingane and Mhlangana.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: It was published in 1849.
Wikipedia page: The Scarlet Letter (Literature)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The Scarlet Letter: A Romance is a work of historical fiction by American author Nathaniel Hawthorne, published in 1850.
section_header: Publication history
text: The Scarlet Letter was first published in the spring of 1850 by Ticknor & Fields, beginning Hawthorne's most lucrative period.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Mary, Queen of Scots, was a widow who later married her cousin.
Wikipedia page: Mary, Queen of Scots (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Widowed, Mary returned to Scotland, arriving in Leith on 19 August 1561.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: There are streets that have Luis Aparicio's name in the United States.
Wikipedia page: Luis Aparicio (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Awards and honors
text: There are also several streets and avenues bearing his name throughout Venezuela.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: David Bowie unironically advocated for fascism.
Wikipedia page: David Bowie (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Personal life | Politics
text: After all, fascism is really nationalism... I believe very strongly in fascism, people have always responded with greater efficiency under a regimental leadership." He was also quoted as saying: "Adolf Hitler was one of the first rock stars" and "You've got to have an extreme right front come up and sweep everything off its feet and tidy everything up.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Rutherford B. Hayes was not only the 18th president of the United States, but also a lawyer and staunch abolitionist, he had defended refugee slaves in court proceedings during the antebellum years
Wikipedia page: Rutherford B. Hayes (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Rutherford Birchard Hayes (October 4, 1822 – January 17, 1893) was the 19th president of the United States from 1877 to 1881, after serving in the U.S. House of Representatives and as governor of Ohio.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Harry Potter is a series of novels and the last one came out in 2007.
Wikipedia page: Harry Potter (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Origins | Publishing history
text: The seventh and final novel, Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows, was published on 21 July 2007.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Honus Wagner dropped out of school at age 14 to help his father and brothers.
Wikipedia page: Honus Wagner (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Early life
text: Wagner dropped out of school at age 12 to help his father and brothers in the coal mines.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Jacob Ruppert was a politician and owner of the Detroit Tigers.
Wikipedia page: Jacob Ruppert (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: He also owned the New York Yankees of Major League Baseball from 1915 until his death in 1939.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Kingsley is Welsh, his parents are from England but he was raised in Wales.
Wikipedia page: Ben Kingsley (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Sir Ben Kingsley (born Krishna Pandit Bhanji; 31 December 1943) is an English actor.
section_header: Early life
text: Kingsley was born as Krishna Pandit Bhanji on 31 December 1943 in Snainton, North Riding of Yorkshire, the son of actress and model Anna Lyna Mary (née Goodman; 1914–2010) and doctor Rahimtulla Harji Bhanji (1914–1968).
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: African American soldiers saw a greater number of casualties than their white counterparts during the Vietnam War.
Wikipedia page: Vietnam War (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Women | American nurses
text: First Lieutenant Sharon Lane was the only female military nurse to be killed by enemy gunfire during the war, on 8 June 1969.
section_header: Black servicemen
text: Points he makes on the latter topic include: the higher proportion of combat casualties in Vietnam among African American servicemen than among American soldiers of other races, the shift toward and different attitudes of black military careerists versus black draftees, the discrimination encountered by black servicemen "on the battlefield in decorations, promotion and duty assignments" as well as their having to endure "the racial insults, cross-burnings and Confederate flags of their white comrades"—and
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Haines was referred to as "Pappi".
Wikipedia page: Jesse Haines (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Jesse Joseph Haines (July 22, 1893 – August 5, 1978), nicknamed "Pop", was a right-handed pitcher in for the Cincinnati Reds and St. Louis Cardinals of Major League Baseball (MLB).
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The film In Old Chicago is about a storm that destroys the city.
Wikipedia page: In Old Chicago (Popular Culture)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The film is a fictionalized account about the Great Chicago Fire of 1871 and stars Alice Brady as Mrs. O'Leary, the owner of the cow which started the fire, and Tyrone Power and Don Ameche as her sons.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Rube Waddell, also known as Robert Waddell, played thirteen years in the MLB.
Wikipedia page: Rube Waddell (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: George Edward Waddell (October 13, 1876 – April 1, 1914) was an American southpaw pitcher in Major League Baseball (MLB).
section_header: Summary
text: Over a career spanning 13 years, he played for the Louisville Colonels, Pittsburgh Pirates, and Chicago Orphans in the National League, as well as the Philadelphia Athletics and St. Louis Browns in the American League.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: George Washington did not have wooden teeth.
Wikipedia page: George Washington (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Personal life
text: He had several sets of false teeth made which he wore during his presidency—none of which were made of wood, contrary to common lore.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: Mary, Queen of Scots was 16 at her father's death.
Wikipedia page: Mary, Queen of Scots (History)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: Mary, the only surviving legitimate child of King James V of Scotland, was six days old when her father died and she acceded to the throne.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: The statue is located in Argentina.
Wikipedia page: Christ the Redeemer (statue) (Geography)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: The statue weighs 635 metric tons (625 long, 700 short tons), and is located at the peak of the 700-metre (2,300 ft) Corcovado mountain in the Tijuca Forest National Park overlooking the city of Rio de Janeiro.
section_header: Summary
text: Christ the Redeemer (Portuguese: Cristo Redentor, standard Brazilian Portuguese: [ˈkɾistu ʁedenˈtoʁ], local pronunciation: [ˈkɾiɕtŭ̻ xe̞denˈtoɦ]) is an Art Deco statue of Jesus Christ in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, created by French sculptor Paul Landowski and built by Brazilian engineer Heitor da Silva Costa, in collaboration with French engineer Albert Caquot.
Verdict: REFUTES
Claim: Johnny Evers was an American professional MLB player for 15 seasons.
Wikipedia page: Johnny Evers (Sports)
Evidence:
section_header: Summary
text: He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) from 1902 through 1917 for the Chicago Cubs, Boston Braves, and Philadelphia Phillies.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Claim: David Bowie died two days after his 69th birthday to liver cancer, and his ashes were scattered in a Buddhist ceremony in Bali, Indonesia
Wikipedia page: David Bowie (Music)
Evidence:
section_header: Death
text: On 10 January 2016, two days after his 69th birthday and the release of the album Blackstar, Bowie died from liver cancer in his New York City apartment.
Verdict: SUPPORTS