CASE OF KHLAIFIA AND OTHERS v. ITALY
Hearing: Khlaifia and Others v. Italy (no. 16483/12) (Grand Chamber hearing, 2016-06-22 00:00:00)
Application no.: 16483/12
Document type: GRANDCHAMBER
Document date: 2016-12-15 00:00:00
ECLI: ECLI:CE:ECHR:2016:1215JUD001648312
Respondent state: ITA
Articles of the Convention: 3;5;5-1;5-1-f;5-2;5-4;13;13+3;13+P4-4;41;P4-4
Judges: Alena Poláčková;András Sajó;Angelika Nußberger;Dmitry Dedov;Erik Møse;Georgios A. Serghides;Guido Raimondi;Helen Keller;Khanlar Hajiyev;Kristina Pardalos;Krzysztof Wojtyczek;Linos-Alexandre Sicilianos;Luis López Guerra;Mārtiņš Mits;Mirjana Lazarova Trajkovska;Nebojša Vučinić;Paul Lemmens;Robert Spano;Stéphanie Mourou-Vikström;Gabriele Kucsko-Stadlmayer;Georges Ravarani;Pere Pastor Vilanova
Represented by: MASERA L.M. ; ZIRULIA S.
Issue: Article 10 § 4 of Legislative Decree no. 286 of 1998 providing “Consolidated text of provisions concerning immigration regulations and rules on the status of aliens” ; Article 13 of the Italian Constitution

Strasbourg case-law cited: A. and Others v. the United Kingdom [GC], no 3455/05, §§ 162-163, ECHR 2009;A.A. v. Greece, no 12186/08, §§ 57-65, 22 July 2010;A.F. v. Greece, no 53709/11, §§ 71-80, 13 June 2013;Aarabi v. Greece, no 39766/09, §§ 42-51, 2 April 2015;Abdolkhani and Karimnia v. Turkey, no 30471/08, 22 September 2009;Aksoy v. Turkey, 18 December 1996, § 61, Reports 1996 VI;Alver v. Estonia, no 64812/01, § 50, 8 November 2005;Amuur v. France, 25 June 1996, Reports of Judgments and Decisions 1996-III;Ananyev and Others v. Russia, nos. 42525/07 and 60800/08, §§ 142-145, 10 January 2012;Andrei Frolov v. Russia, no 205/02, §§ 47-49, 29 March 2007;Andric v. Sweden (dec.), no 45917/99, 23 February 1999;B.M. v. Greece, no 53608/11, §§ 67-70, 19 December 2013;Babushkin v. Russia, no 67253/01, § 44, 18 October 2007;Baranowski v. Poland, no 28358/95, ECHR 2000-III;Belevitskiy v. Russia, no 72967/01, §§ 73-79, 1 March 2007;Berisha and Haljiti v. the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (dec.), no 18670/03, 16 June 2005;Blokhin v. Russia [GC], no 47152/06, §§ 164-172, ECHR 2016;Bouyid v. Belgium [GC], no 23380/09, §§ 81-90, ECHR 2015;Brega v. Moldova, no 52100/08, 20 April 2010;Bubullima v. Greece, no 41533/08, § 27, 28 October 2010;C.D. and Others v. Greece, nos. 33441/10, 33468/10 and 33476/10, §§ 49-54, 19 December 2013;Căşuneanu v. Romania, no 22018/10, § 60-62, 16 April 2013;Chahal v. the United Kingdom, 15 November 1996, Reports 1996-V;Chamaïev and Others v. Georgia and Russia, no 36378/02, ECHR 2005-III;Čonka v. Belgium, no 51564/99, ECHR 2002-I;D.L. v. Bulgaria, no 7472/14, §§ 6 and 69-71, 19 May 2016;Davydov v. Estonia (dec.), no 16387/03, 31 May 2005;Dbouba v. Turkey, no 15916/09, § 54, 13 July 2010;De Jong, Baljet and Van den Brink v. the Netherlands, 22 May 1984, § 60, Series A no 77;De Wilde, Ooms and Versyp v. Belgium, 18 June 1971, §§ 67-70, Series A no 12;De Souza Ribeiro v. France [GC], no. 22689/07, ECHR 2012;Del Río Prada v. Spain [GC], no 42750/09, § 125, ECHR 2013;Delbec v. France, no 43125/98, § 33, 18 June 2002;Denisenko and Bogdanchikov v. Russia, no 3811/02, § 83, 12 February 2009;Dougoz v. Greece, nº 40907/98, § 46, ECHR 2001-II;Dritsas v. Italy (dec.), no 2344/02, 1 February 2011;E. v. Norway, 29 August 1990, Series A no 181-A;Efremidze v. Greece, no 33225/08, §§ 36-42, 21 June 2011;El-Masri v. the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia [GC], no 39630/09, § 195, ECHR 2012;F.H. v. Greece, no. 78456/11, 31 July 2014;Fox, Campbell and Hartley v. the United Kingdom, 30 August 1990, § 40, Series A no 182;Fuchser v. Switzerland, no 55894/00, § 43, 13 July 2006;Gäfgen v. Germany [GC], no 22978/05, §§ 87-92, ECHR 2010;Gavrilovici v. Moldova, no 25464/05, 15 December 2009;Georgia v. Russia (I) [GC], no 13255/07, ECHR 2014 (extracts);Ghulami v. France (dec.), no 45302/05, 7 April 2009;Giulia Manzoni v. Italy, 1 July 1997, § 25, Reports 1997-IV;Guzzardi v. Italy, 6 November 1980, §§ 92-93, Series A no 39;Ha.A. v. Greece, no 58387/11, §§ 26-31, 21 April 2016;Herczegfalvy v. Austria, 24 September 1992, § 63, Series A no 244;Hirsi Jamaa and Others v. Italy [GC], no 27765/09, ECHR 2012;Hutchison Reid v. the United Kingdom, no 50272/99, § 79, ECHR 2003-IV;Ireland v. the United Kingdom, 18 January 1978, Series A no 25;István Gábor Kovács v. Hungary, no 15707/10, § 26, 17 January 2012;Jalloh v. Germany [GC], no 54810/00, § 67, ECHR 2006-IX;Ječius v. Lithuania, no 34578/97, § 56, ECHR 2000-IX;Kadikis v. Latvia, no 62393/00, § 55, 4 May 2006;Kalashnikov v. Russia, no 47095/99, § 102, ECHR 2002-VI;Kanagaratnam and Others v. Belgium, no 15297/09, § 80, 13 December 2011;Kantyrev v. Russia, no 37213/02, §§ 50-51, 21 June 2007;Karalevičius v. Lithuania, no 53254/99, § 39, 7 April 2005;Kehayov v. Bulgaria, no 41035/98, § 64, 18 January 2005;Khudoyorov v. Russia, no 6847/02, §§ 106-107, ECHR 2005-X (extracts);Koktysh v. Ukraine, no 43707/07, §§ 22 and 91-95, 10 December 2009;Kudła v. Poland [GC], no 30210/96, ECHR 2000-XI;L.M. v. Slovenia, no 32863/05, 12 June 2014;Labita v. Italy [GC], no 26772/95, § 170, ECHR 2000-IV;Lavrentiadis v. Greece, no 29896/13, § 45, 22 September 2015;Luberti v. Italy, 23 February 1984, §§ 33-37, Series A no 75;M.A. v. Cyprus, no 41872/10, ECHR 2013;M.S.S. v. Belgium and Greece [GC], no 30696/09, §§ 217-234, ECHR 2011;Mahdid and Haddar v. Austria (dec.), no 74762/01, 8 December 2005;Medvedyev and Others v. France [GC], no 3394/03, § 73, ECHR 2010;Mete and Others v. Turkey, no 294/08, § 112, 4 October 2012;Mocanu and Others v. Romania [GC], nos. 10865/09, 45886/07 and 32431/08, § 315, ECHR 2014 (extracts);Moisseiev v. Russia, no 62936/00, §§ 124-127, 9 October 2008;Mooren v. Germany [GC], no 11364/03, § 76, 9 July 2009;Mouisel v. France, no 67263/01, § 37, ECHR 2002-IX;Mubilanzila Mayeka and Kaniki Mitunga v. Belgium, no 13178/03, §§ 53-54, ECHR 2006-XI;Mursič v. Croatia [GC], no 7334/13, 20 October 2016;Musaev v. Turkey, no 72754/11, § 40, 21 October 2014;N.C. v. Italy [GC], no 24952/94, § 44, ECHR 2002-X;Naumenko v. Ukraine, no 42023/98, § 108, 10 February 2004;Nikolova v. Bulgaria [GC], no 31195/96, § 69, ECHR 1999-II;Novoselov v. Russia, no 66460/01, §§ 32 and 40-43, 2 June 2005;Oleksandr Volkov v. Ukraine, no 21722/11, § 219, ECHR 2013;Paladi v. Moldova [GC], no 39806/05, § 74, 10 March 2009;Peers v. Greece, no 28524/95, §§ 68 and 74, ECHR 2001 III;Popov v. France, nos. 39472/07 and 39474/07, 19 January 2012;Price v. the United Kingdom, no 33394/96, § 24, ECHR 2001-VII;R.U. v. Greece, no 2237/08, §§ 62-64, 7 June 2011;Rahimi v. Greece, no 8687/08, §§ 60-62, 5 April 2011;Ramirez Sanchez v. France [GC], no 59450/00, § 117, ECHR 2006-IX;Riad and Idiab v. Belgium, nos. 29787/03 and 29810/03, § 100, 24 January 2008;Ribitsch v. Austria, 4 December 1995, § 34, Series A no 336;Rivas v. France, no 59584/00, § 38, 1 April 2004;Ruiz Rivera v. Switzerland, no 8300/06, § 47, 18 February 2014;S.D. v. Greece, no 53541/07, 11 June 2009;Saadi v. the United Kingdom [GC], no 13229/03, § 43, ECHR 2008;Salman v. Turkey [GC], no 21986/93, §§ 99-100, ECHR 2000-VII;Selmouni v. France [GC], no 25803/94, ECHR 1999-V;Sharifi and Others v. Italy and Greece, no 16643/09, § 188, 21 October 2014;Shtukaturov v. Russia, no 44009/05, § 123, ECHR 2008;Stanev v. Bulgaria [GC], no 36760/06, ECHR 2012;Steel and Others v. the United Kingdom, 23 September 1998, § 54, Reports 1998-VII;Sulejmanovic v. Italy, no 22635/03, § 43, 16 July 2009;Sultani v. France, no 45223/05, ECHR 2007 IV;Svinarenko and Slyadnev v. Russia [GC], nos. 32541/08 and 43441/08, §§ 113-114, ECHR 2014 (extracts);T. and A. v. Turkey, no 47146/11, 21 October 2014;Tabesh v. Greece, no 8256/07, §§ 38-44, 26 November 2009;Tarakhel v. Switzerland [GC], no 29217/12, §§ 93-122, ECHR 2014;Tomasi v. France, 27 August 1992, § 110, Series A no 241-A;Torreggiani and Others v. Italy, nos. 43517/09, 46882/09, 55400/09, 57875/09, 61535/09, 35315/10 and 37818/10, §§ 68-69, 8 January 2013;Turan Çakır v. Belgium, no 44256/06, § 54, 10 March 2009;Tyrer v. the United Kingdom, 25 April 1978, § 32, Series A no 26;V. v. the United Kingdom [GC], no 24888/94, § 71, ECHR 1999 IX;Vachev v. Bulgaria, no 42987/98, § 71, ECHR 2004-VIII;Van der Leer v. the Netherlands, 21 February 1990, §§ 27-28, Series A no 170-A;Vasyukov v. Russia, no 2974/05, § 59, 5 April 2011;Velinov v. the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, no 16880/08, § 49, 19 September 2013;Vlasov v. Russia, no 78146/01, § 84, 12 June 2008;Weeks v. the United Kingdom, 2 March 1987, § 61, Series A no 114;Winterwerp v. the Netherlands, 24 October 1979, § 39, Series A no 33;Witold Litwa v. Poland, no 26629/95, § 60, ECHR 2000-III;Z. and Others v. the United Kingdom [GC], no 29392/95, § 73, ECHR 2001-V
External sources: Directive 2008/115/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 December 2008 (the “Return Directive”) “on common standards and procedures in Member States for returning illegally staying third-country nationals”;Bilateral agreement of 5 April 2011 between Italy and Tunisia;Council of Europe’s Parliamentary Assembly (PACE) report “on the large-scale arrival of irregular migrants, asylum-seekers and refugees on Europe’s southern shores”, published on 30 September 2011;“Draft articles on the expulsion of aliens” adopted by the International Law Commission at its sixty-sixth session (2014), and of which the United Nations General Assembly took note by its Resolution A/RES/69/119 of 10 December 2014


Conclusion: Violation of Article 5 - Right to liberty and security (Article 5-1 - Lawful arrest or detention;Article 5-1-f - Expulsion);Violation of Article 5 - Right to liberty and security (Article 5-2 - Information on reasons for arrest;Prompt information);Violation of Article 5 - Right to liberty and security (Article 5-4 - Review of lawfulness of detention);No violation of Article 3 - Prohibition of torture (Article 3 - Degrading treatment;Inhuman treatment) (Substantive aspect);No violation of Article 3 - Prohibition of torture (Article 3 - Degrading treatment;Inhuman treatment) (Substantive aspect);No violation of Article 4 of Protocol No. 4 - Prohibition of collective expulsion of aliens-{general} (Article 4 of Protocol No. 4 - Prohibition of collective expulsion of aliens);Violation of Article 13+3 - Right to an effective remedy (Article 13 - Effective remedy) (Article 3 - Degrading treatment;Inhuman treatment;Prohibition of torture);No violation of Article 13+P4-4 - Right to an effective remedy (Article 13 - Effective remedy) (Article 4 of Protocol No. 4 - Prohibition of collective expulsion of aliens-{general};Prohibition of collective expulsion of aliens);Non-pecuniary damage - award (Article 41 - Non-pecuniary damage;Just satisfaction)
Separate opinion: TRUE