Measurement of skeletal muscle radiation attenuation and basis of its biological variation.

Abstract: Skeletal muscle contains intramyocellular lipid droplets within the cytoplasm of myocytes as well as intermuscular adipocytes. These depots exhibit physiological and pathological variation which has been revealed with the advent of diagnostic imaging approaches: magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, MR spectroscopy and computed tomography (CT). CT uses computer-processed X-rays and is now being applied in muscle physiology research. The purpose of this review is to present CT methodologies and summarize factors that influence muscle radiation attenuation, a parameter which is inversely related to muscle fat content. Pre-defined radiation attenuation ranges are used to demarcate intermuscular adipose tissue [from -190 to -30 Hounsfield units (HU)] and muscle (-29 HU to +150 HU). Within the latter range, the mean muscle radiation attenuation [muscle (radio) density] is reported. Inconsistent criteria for the upper and lower HU cut-offs used to characterize muscle attenuation limit comparisons between investigations. This area of research would benefit from standardized criteria for reporting muscle attenuation. Available evidence suggests that muscle attenuation is plastic with physiological variation induced by the process of ageing, as well as by aerobic training, which probably reflects accumulation of lipids to fuel aerobic work. Pathological variation in muscle attenuation reflects excess fat deposition in the tissue and is observed in people with obesity, diabetes type II, myositis, osteoarthritis, spinal stenosis and cancer. A poor prognosis and different types of morbidity are predicted by the presence of reduced mean muscle attenuation values in patients with these conditions; however, the biological features of muscle with these characteristics require further investigation.

Aubrey|J|J|
Esfandiari|N|N|
Baracos|V E|VE|
Buteau|F A|FA|
Frenette|J|J|
Putman|C T|CT|
Mazurak|V C|VC|

skeletal muscle
computed tomography
Hounsfield units
muscle attenuation
muscle density
myosteatosis


Cetuximab-Mediated Protection from Hypoxia- Induced Cell Death: Implications for Therapy Sequence in Colorectal Cancer.

Abstract: Monoclonal antibodies like cetuximab, targeting the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), and bevacizumab, targeting the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), are an integral part of treatment regimens for metastasized colorectal cancer. However, inhibition of the EGFR has been shown to protect human glioma cells from cell death under hypoxic conditions. In colon carcinoma cells, the consequences of EGFR blockade in hypoxia (e.g., induced by bevacizumab) have not been evaluated yet. LIM1215 and SW948 colon carcinoma and LNT-229 glioblastoma cells were treated with cetuximab, PD153035, and erlotinib and analyzed for cell density and viability. The sequential administration of either cetuximab followed by bevacizumab (CET->BEV) or bevacizumab followed by cetuximab (BEV->CET) was investigated in a LIM1215 (KRAS wildtype) and SW948 (KRAS mutant) xenograft mouse model. In vitro, cetuximab protected from hypoxia. In the LIM1215 model, a survival benefit with cetuximab and bevacizumab monotherapy was observed, but only the sequence CET->BEV showed an additional benefit. This effect was confirmed in the SW948 model. Our observations support the hypothesis that bevacizumab modulates the tumor microenvironment (e.g., by inducing hypoxia) where cetuximab could trigger protective effects when administered later on. The sequence CET->BEV therefore seems to be superior as possible mutual adverse effects are bypassed.

vascular endothelial growth factor receptor


Practical Challenges and Considerations for Early Introduction of Potential Food Allergens for Prevention of Food Allergy.

Abstract: Recent randomized controlled trials aimed at the prevention of food allergy have led to sweeping changes in food allergy prevention guidelines. Emphasis is now on the introduction of potential food allergens, particularly peanut and egg, rather than avoidance. Although guidelines recommend against delaying the introduction of other potential allergens, there remains little or no evidence of the benefit of their early introduction. Parents and physicians alike report a need for greater guidance and resources on early potential allergen introduction in the complementary feeding period. A thorough understanding of early introduction literature, current prevention guidelines, and infant nutrition will empower physicians to address patient needs and concerns both when advice is established as effective and where uncertainty remains. We discuss the state of the science, compare recommendations between guidelines, and provide practical options to introduce allergenic foods, alongside other complementary foods, within the first year of life. We include a review of the available literature, including review and suggestions of potential doses of food allergens, and the first published comparison of commercially available products and homemade early introduction foods to help clinicians support their patients. We address the nutritional, dietary, and practical considerations of introducing food allergens in the first year of life while adhering to infant feeding guidelines. Finally, given the limitations of existing guidelines, we review the need for shared decision-making between physicians and parents regarding early allergen introduction.

Schroer|Brian|B|
Groetch|Marion|M|
Mack|Douglas P|DP|
Venter|Carina|C|

D007227:Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena

Early introduction
Prevention
Food allergy
Guidelines
Complementary feeding
Infant nutrition


The use of big data and data mining in nurse practitioner clinical education.

Abstract: Nurse practitioner (NP) faculty have not fully used data collected in NP clinical education for data mining. With current advances in database technology including data storage and computing power, NP faculty have an opportunity to data mine enormous amounts of clinical data documented by NP students in electronic clinical management systems. The purpose of this project was to examine the use of big data and data mining from NP clinical education and to establish a foundation for competency-based education. Using a data mining knowledge discovery process, faculty are able to gain increased understanding of clinical practicum experiences to inform competency-based NP education and the use of entrusted professional activities for the future.

Drayton-Brooks|Shirlee M|SM|
Gray|Paula A|PA|
Turner|Nicole P|NP|
Newland|Jamesetta A|JA|

D000077558:Big Data
D002983:Clinical Competence
D003162:Competency-Based Education
D057225:Data Mining
D004511:Education, Nursing, Graduate
D006801:Humans
D009722:Nurse Practitioners

Big data
Data mining
Nurse practitioner clinical education
Competency-based education
Entrustable professional activities
Nurse Practitioner Core Competencies


Impact of weather on the risk of surgical site infections in a tropical area.

Abstract: We studied the impact of average daily temperature and relative humidity on the risk of surgical site infections in 36,429 surgeries performed in a hospital in inner Brazil. Adjusted Poisson regression models found an association between surgical site infections and temperature (rate ratio [RR], 1.013; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.001-1.025). The effect was concentrated on clean wound procedures and was greater over the 75th (RR, 1.109; 95% CI, 1.015-1.212) and 90th (RR, 1.196; 95% CI, 1.055-1.355) percentiles of daily temperature.

Fortaleza|Carlos Magno Castelo Branco|CMCB|

Weather
Surgical site infections
Tropical area


Body Disposal: Spatial and Temporal Characteristics in Korean Homicide.

Abstract: This study explores the body disposal patterns in a sample of 54 Korean homicides that occurred between 2006 and 2012. Based on information collected by the police during their investigation, factors that could influence body disposal patterns were examined, such as homicide classification, intention, whether an accomplice was present, and offender mental disorder. Bivariate analyses showed that the majority of the victims who were disposed of were acquaintances of the offenders. Moreover, several offenders were more likely to dispose of the dead body "within hours" of killing the victim. Dead bodies were usually recovered in agricultural areas, forest/wooded areas, as well as residential areas. It was also noteworthy that, in 47 cases, the offender had knowledge of the geographic area where the body was dumped. In cases of "expressive" homicide, victims were more likely to be disposed of somewhere far away (e.g., over 40 km) from the crime scene, whereas "instrumental" homicide victims appeared to be disposed of somewhere closer (e.g., within 30 km) to the crime scene. Results are discussed in light of their practical implications for homicide investigations.

homicide
classification
cross-cultural
distance patterns
geographic profiling
investigative psychology


Motivators and barriers for HIV testing among men who have sex with men in Sweden.

Abstract:
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES
To explore motivators and barriers to HIV testing and to assess the factors associated with testing among men who have sex with men.

BACKGROUND
Previous research has considered fear, worries and structural barriers as hindrances to HIV testing among men who have sex with men. However, few studies have included assessments of actual HIV testing when exploring barriers or motivators for such testing.

DESIGN
The design of the study was a stratified cross-sectional online survey (n = 2373).

METHOD
Factor analysis was conducted to analyse the barriers and motivators for HIV testing. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to assess predictors for HIV testing.

RESULTS
Many men who have sex with men test for HIV regularly, and specific reasons for testing were having unprotected sex or starting/ending a relationship. A lack of awareness and a perception of being at low risk for exposure were common reasons for never being tested. Fear and anxiety as well as barriers related to the use of test services remain important hindrances for testing. Predictors associated with having been tested within the past 12 months were: younger age (15-25 years old compared with 47+); knowledge on where to take an HIV test on short notice as well as having talked with a counsellor, having received condoms for free, or having had unprotected anal intercourse with casual partners within the last 12 months.

CONCLUSION
Easily accessible test services offering testing and counselling on short notice should be available for all men who have sex with men. Outreach activities, distribution of free condoms and testing at venues where men who have sex with men meet are important prevention add-ons that can contribute to increased awareness about HIV and testing.

RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE
Test services must ensure confidentiality and health care professionals who meet men who have sex with men for testing need competency with regards to men who have sex with men sexual health needs.

Persson|Kristina Ingemarsdotter|KI|
Berglund|Torsten|T|
Bergström|Jakob|J|
Eriksson|Lars E|LE|
Tikkanen|Ronny|R|
Thorson|Anna|A|
Forsberg|Birger C|BC|

HIV testing
men who have sex with men
factor analysis
HIV testing barriers
HIV testing motivators


A multi-vendor, multi-center study on reproducibility and comparability of fast strain-encoded cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging.

Abstract: Myocardial strain is a convenient parameter to quantify left ventricular (LV) function. Fast strain-encoding (fSENC) enables the acquisition of cardiovascular magnetic resonance images for strain-measurement within a few heartbeats during free-breathing. It is necessary to analyze inter-vendor agreement of techniques to determine strain, such as fSENC, in order to compare existing studies and plan multi-center studies. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate inter-vendor agreement and test-retest reproducibility of fSENC for three major MRI-vendors. fSENC-images were acquired three times in the same group of 15 healthy volunteers using 3 Tesla scanners from three different vendors: at the German Heart Institute Berlin, the Charité University Medicine Berlin-Campus Buch and the Theresien-Hospital Mannheim. Volunteers were scanned using the same imaging protocol composed of two fSENC-acquisitions, a 15-min break and another two fSENC-acquisitions. LV global longitudinal and circumferential strain (GLS, GCS) were analyzed by a trained observer (Myostrain 5.0, Myocardial Solutions) and for nine volunteers repeatedly by another observer. Inter-vendor agreement was determined using Bland-Altman analysis. Test-retest reproducibility and intra- and inter-observer reproducibility were analyzed using intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and coefficients of variation (CoV). Inter-vendor agreement between all three sites was good for GLS and GCS, with biases of 0.01-1.88%. Test-retest reproducibility of scans before and after the break was high, shown by ICC- and CoV values of 0.63-0.97 and 3-9% for GLS and 0.69-0.82 and 4-7% for GCS, respectively. Intra- and inter-observer reproducibility were excellent for both parameters (ICC of 0.77-0.99, CoV of 2-5%). This trial demonstrates good inter-vendor agreement and test-retest reproducibility of GLS and GCS measurements, acquired at three different scanners from three different vendors using fSENC. The results indicate that it is necessary to account for a possible bias (< 2%) when comparing strain measurements of different scanners. Technical differences between scanners, which impact inter-vendor agreement, should be further analyzed and minimized.DRKS Registration Number: 00013253.Universal Trial Number (UTN): U1111-1207-5874.

Reproducibility
Magnetic resonance
Strain
fSENC
Agreement
CMR
Cardiac


MEN1 Tumor Suppressor Gene is Required for Long-term Memory Formation in an Aversive Operant Conditioning Model of Lymnaea stagnalis.

Abstract: Activity-dependent transcription factors critically coordinate the gene expression program underlying memory formation. The tumor suppressor gene, MEN1, encodes a ubiquitously expressed transcription regulator required for synaptogenesis and synaptic plasticity in invertebrate and vertebrate central neurons. In this study, we investigated the role of MEN1 in long-term memory (LTM) formation in an aversive operant conditioning paradigm in the freshwater pond snail Lymnaea stagnalis (L. stagnalis). We demonstrated that LTM formation is associated with an increased expression of MEN1 coinciding with an up-regulation of creb1 gene expression. In vivo knockdown of MEN1 prevented LTM formation and conditioning-induced changes in neuronal activity in the identified pacemaker neuron RPeD1. Our findings suggest the involvement of a new pathway in LTM consolidation that requires MEN1-mediated gene regulation.

Dong|Nancy|N|
Senzel|Anthony|A|
Li|Kathy|K|
Lu|Tom Z|TZ|
Guo|Cong-Hui|CH|
Aleksic|Mila|M|
Feng|Zhong-Ping|ZP|

D017362:Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein


Platelet-rich plasma as a therapy for androgenic alopecia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Abstract:
OBJECTIVE
The past decade has seen platelet-rich plasma (PRP) become a popular therapy around the world as a treatment for androgenetic alopecia (AGA). These systematic review and meta-analyses assess the effectiveness and adverse effects of PRP to determine the role of PRP as a treatment for AGA among the other non-surgical treatment modalities.

METHODS
This study follows the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines and is registered under the PROSPERO ID CRD42019136329. Seven databases were searched from inception through May 2019. Meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were performed to evaluate the effect of PRP treatments on hair density and hair thickness.

RESULTS
Thirty studies, including 687 patients, met our inclusion criteria. Twenty-nine studies reported beneficial results, and 24 studies reached statistical significance on a measured outcome. Ten RCTs were included. Our meta-analyses show that PRP treatment increases hair density and hair thickness.

CONCLUSIONS
PRP is an autologous treatment that lacks serious adverse effects and effectively improves hair density and hair thickness in men and women with AGA. Future research should include low risk-of-bias RCTs to optimize treatment protocols, investigate variability among studies, and to obtain more data on hair thickness changes.

Evans|Adam G|AG|0000-0001-8535-7583
Mwangi|James M|JM|
Pope|Rand W|RW|
Ivanic|Mirjana G|MG|
Botros|Mina A|MA|
Glassman|Gabriella E|GE|
Pearce|F Bennett|FB|
Kassis|Salam|S|

Platelet-rich plasma
androgenic alopecia
hair loss
injection therapy


Effect of coffee roasting on in vitro α-glucosidase activity: Inhibition and mechanism of action.

Abstract: In vitro α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of unroasted, and medium, dark and very dark roasted robusta coffee was studied. Coffee extracts significantly inhibited the enzyme activity in a dose-dependent way. The inhibitory activity was well correlated with the degree of roast. Coffee components were separated by gel permeation chromatography into low (1 < MW < 6 kDa), intermediate (15 < MW < 60 kDa) and high (MW > 100 kDa) molecular weight fractions, which were analyzed for the α-glucosidase inhibitory capacity. Only fractions obtained from dark and very dark roasted coffee exhibited inhibitory effect. When the same fraction was obtained from coffee presenting different roasting degree, changes in α-glucosidase inhibition extent were observed. This was attributed to compositional changes within each fraction as induced by roasting. Coffee extracts and their fractions exerted a mixed-type to competitive inhibition against α-glucosidase and these mechanisms are consistent with the complexity of coffee composition.

α-Glucosidase
Robusta coffee
Degree of roast
Molecular weight
Inhibitory capacity
Mechanism of inhibition


Deciphering the Morphology of Motor Evoked Potentials.

Abstract: Motor Evoked Potentials (MEPs) are used to monitor disability progression in multiple sclerosis (MS). Their morphology plays an important role in this process. Currently, however, there is no clear definition of what constitutes a normal or abnormal morphology. To address this, five experts independently labeled the morphology (normal or abnormal) of the same set of 1,000 MEPs. The intra- and inter-rater agreement between the experts indicates they agree on the concept of morphology, but differ in their choice of threshold between normal and abnormal morphology. We subsequently performed an automated extraction of 5,943 time series features from the MEPs to identify a valid proxy for morphology, based on the provided labels. To do this, we compared the cross-validation performances of one-dimensional logistic regression models fitted to each of the features individually. We find that the approximate entropy (ApEn) feature can accurately reproduce the majority-vote labels. The performance of this feature is evaluated on an independent test set by comparing to the majority vote of the neurologists, obtaining an AUC score of 0.92. The model slightly outperforms the average neurologist at reproducing the neurologists consensus-vote labels. We can conclude that MEP morphology can be consistently defined by pooling the interpretations from multiple neurologists and that ApEn is a valid continuous score for this. Having an objective and reproducible MEP morphological abnormality score will allow researchers to include this feature in their models, without manual annotation becoming a bottleneck. This is crucial for large-scale, multi-center datasets. An exploratory analysis on a large single-center dataset shows that ApEn is potentially clinically useful. Introducing an automated, objective, and reproducible definition of morphology could help overcome some of the barriers that are currently obstructing broad adoption of evoked potentials in daily care and patient follow-up, such as standardization of measurements between different centers, and formulating guidelines for clinical use.

Yperman|Jan|J|
Becker|Thijs|T|
Valkenborg|Dirk|D|
Hellings|Niels|N|
Cambron|Melissa|M|
Dive|Dominique|D|
Laureys|Guy|G|
Popescu|Veronica|V|
Van Wijmeersch|Bart|B|
Peeters|Liesbet M|LM|

morphology
motor evoked potentials
multiple sclerosis
approximate entropy
machine learning


Estimating the number of airports potentially contaminated with perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances from aqueous film forming foam: A Canadian example.

Abstract: Assessing the extent to which emerging contaminants (ECs) such as perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have been released into the environment is one of the foundations for developing effective management and remediation strategies for impacted sites. PFAS are known to have caused the contamination of soil, groundwater, and surface water as a result of aqueous film forming foam (AFFF) being accidentally or intentionally released into the environment. To date, the scope of the issue has not been evaluated in Canada. In this study we developed a framework, in the form of a decision tree, to estimate the number of potentially PFAS impacted airport sites in Canada as a result of AFFF releases. The screening process was completed using publicly available resources including airport websites, the Canadian Owners and Pilots Association website, Sky Vector, Transport Safety Board of Canada aviation investigation reports, the Aviation Safety Network website, and Google maps. The methodology presented in this study could be used to identify additional PFAS impacted sites in Canada or other jurisdictions worldwide. 2071 airport/heliport sites in Canada were investigated with indications that 152 (7%) of these sites likely have PFAS contamination as a result of the use of AFFF at firefighter training areas (FFTAs) and/or accidents where fires occurred. In addition, another 268 sites (13%) were identified as possibly impacted with PFASs primarily as a result of the location having the ability to store and dispense petroleum products, and therefore having AFFF systems onsite. Surficial geology was also identified for all sites determined to likely have PFAS contamination. An estimated 42.8% had surficial geology composed of sand, 27% had clay, 19.7% organic-based, with the remaining sites found on cryosols or rock. Methodological validation was also completed. The procedure used in this study successfully predicted occurrences of PFAS contamination at 25 sites where contamination, as a result of AFFF use, was confirmed by Canadian governmental departments. For these 25 sites, the distance from potential release areas to the nearest surface water was calculated. Five of the sites were within 200 meters of surface water, 19 were within one kilometer, and all 25 were within 2.5 kilometers. This suggests that surface water may have been historically impacted by PFAS at as many as 152 to 420 different airport locations in Canada.

Milley|Shawn A|SA|
Koch|Iris|I|
Fortin|Patricia|P|
Archer|Jeremy|J|
Reynolds|David|D|
Weber|Kela P|KP|

Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances


Effect of a mindfulness programme training on mental toughness and psychological well-being of female athletes.

Abstract:
OBJECTIVES
Research has shown that mindfulness in athletes is associated with positive outcomes. We therefore assessed the effect of mindfulness training on increasing mental toughness (MT) and psychological well-being (PWB).

METHODS
This was a parallel-group, pre-and post-test, randomised controlled pilot trial. Forty-five female athletes from Iranian universities in Tehran were randomly assigned into experimental (n = 23) and control groups (n = 22). Forty-two completed the trial. The mindfulness training group received the Mindfulness-Acceptance-Commitment programme for 7 weeks. All subjects completed the Mindfulness Inventory for Sport (MIS), Sports Mental Toughness Questionnaire and PWB Scale. Data were analysed using mixed analysis of variance.

RESULTS
Mindfulness training increased mindfulness in the experimental group (p < 0.01). In turn, increased mindfulness led to increased MT and PWB at 2-month follow-up (p < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS
Given that mindfulness training may increase the MT and PWB of athletes, these techniques should be considered for inclusion in sports coaching.

mindfulness
mental toughness
psychological well-being
athlete


SU-E-I-85: Evaluation of a Solid-State Dosimeter Module for Measuring Nuclear Medicine Radionuclides.

Abstract:
PURPOSE
A recently introduced solid-state dosimeter module (UDOS001, Teledyne Microelectronic Technologies, Los Angeles, CA) requires only external power (e.g., from two nine-volt batteries in series) and a battery- powered data recorder to assemble a compact, portable dosimeter. This device was developed for radiation detection and monitoring of a wide range of radiation types. It has a nominal minimum energy of 100 keV. The present study sought to determine its suitability for measuring the dose from radionuclides used in nuclear medicine.

METHODS
Three radionuclides (initially 4.77 mCi of F-18, 3.86 mCi of I-131, and 12.4 mCi of Tc-99m) were measured at a distance of one meter and at several different angles of incidence. The most sensitive analog output of the dosimeter was digitized by a battery-powered data logging device (Track-It 5VDC, Monarch Instrument, Amherst NH). These data were transferred from the data logger into a Windows 7 personal computer, formatted as an Excel 2010 spreadsheet and converted from voltage to dose using the manufacturer's nominal calibration factor of 14 urad/19.5 mV step. The dose rate was determined from the slope of a linear fit to the cumulated dose as a function of time.

RESULTS
The nominal calibration of the dosimeter gives dose rate measurements that are close to published gamma ray dose rate constants for these radionuclides (0.65 vs. 0.70, 0.25 vs. 0.28, and 0.071 vs. 0.078 mrad/mCi-hr respectively). The angular dependence of the response is greater at 140 keV than at 511 keV, but an acceptance angle of at least 90 degrees has uniform response with all three radionuclides.

CONCLUSIONS
A better calibration factor would be 0.154 urad/19.5 mV step at these gamma ray energies. This dosimeter can be used to measure the dose from common radionuclides used in nuclear medicine.

Microelectronics
Batteries
Calibration
Radiation therapy equipment


Training in quality and safety: the current landscape.

Abstract: The current US health care environment requires and encourages the development and implementation of training programs focusing on quality improvement and patient safety. This article offers a new resource that details the basic characteristics of such physician-inclusive training programs. Specifically, program type, objectives, eligibility, cost, training length, and modality are aggregated and displayed to provide health care professionals with a new tool to facilitate individual education in the field of quality improvement and patient safety.

D006801:Humans
D007318:Inservice Training
D009937:Organizational Objectives
D061214:Patient Safety
D010820:Physicians
D058996:Quality Improvement
D011787:Quality of Health Care
D013997:Time Factors


Carboxymethyl lysine induces EMT in podocytes through transcription factor ZEB2: Implications for podocyte depletion and proteinuria in diabetes mellitus.

Abstract: Advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) are implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy (DN). N-carboxymethyl-lysine (CML) is one of the predominant AGEs that accumulate in all renal compartments of diabetic patients. Nevertheless, the direct effect of CML on podocyte biology has not been explored. In this study, we demonstrate the induction of the transcription factor Zeb2 in podocytes upon exposure to CML through activation of NF-kB signaling cascade. Zeb2 orchestrates epithelial-mesenchymal transformation (EMT), during which cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix interactions are feeble and enable epithelial cells to become invasive. CML treatment induced both NF-kB and Zeb2 promoter activity and suppressed E-cadherin promoter activity. Inhibition of NF-kB activity prevented CML dependent induction of Zeb2 and loss of E-cadherin. While the exposure of podocytes to CML results in increased podocyte permeability, shRNA-mediated knockdown of Zeb2 expression abrogated CML-mediated podocyte permeability. Further, in vivo findings of elevated CML levels concurrent with increased expression of ZEB2 in glomeruli and proteinuria in diabetic rats confirm that CML-mediated manifestations in the kidney under chronic diabetes conditions. These in vitro and in vivo results envisage the novel axis of NFkB-ZEB2 in podocytes playing a significant role in eliciting EMT and pathogenesis of DN.

Kumar|P Anil|PA|
Welsh|Gavin I|GI|
Raghu|G|G|
Menon|Ram K|RK|
Saleem|Moin A|MA|
Reddy|G Bhanuprakash|GB|

D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced

D000074165:Zinc Finger E-box Binding Homeobox 2

Carboxymethyl lysine
Podocytes
ZEB2
Diabetic nephropathy
NF-kB
E-cadherin


Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance and Sport Cardiology: a Growing Role in Clinical Dilemmas.

Abstract: Exercise training induces morphological and functional cardiovascular adaptation known as the "athlete's heart" with changes including dilatation, hypertrophy, and increased stroke volume. These changes may overlap with pathological appearances. Distinguishing athletic cardiac remodelling from cardiomyopathy is important and is a frequent medical dilemma. Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) has a role in clinical care as it can refine discrimination of health from a disease where ECG and echocardiography alone have left or generated uncertainty. CMR can more precisely assess cardiac structure and function as well as characterise the myocardium detecting key changes including myocardial scar and diffuse fibrosis. In this review, we will review the role of CMR in sports cardiology.

Maestrini|Viviana|V|
Torlasco|Camilla|C|
Hughes|Rebecca|R|
Moon|James C|JC|0000-0001-8071-1491

D019571:Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Dysplasia

D056830:Isolated Noncompaction of the Ventricular Myocardium


Influence of Thermal Treatment Conditions on the Properties of Dental Silicate Cements.

Abstract: In this study the sol-gel process was used to synthesize a precursor mixture for the preparation of silicate cement, also called mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) cement. This mixture was thermally treated under two different conditions (1400 °C/2 h and 1450 °C/3 h) followed by rapid cooling in air. The resulted material (clinker) was ground for one hour in a laboratory planetary mill (v = 150 rot/min), in order to obtain the MTA cements. The setting time and mechanical properties, in vitro induction of apatite formation by soaking in simulated body fluid (SBF) and cytocompatibility of the MTA cements were assessed in this study. The hardening processes, nature of the reaction products and the microstructural characteristics were also investigated. The anhydrous and hydrated cements were characterized by different techniques e.g., X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and thermal analysis (DTA-DTG-TG). The setting time of the MTA cement obtained by thermal treatment at 1400 °C/2 h (MTA1) was 55 min and 15 min for the MTA cement obtained at 1450 °C/3 h (MTA2). The compressive strength values were 18.5 MPa (MTA1) and 22.9 MPa (MTA2). Both MTA cements showed good bioactivity (assessed by an in vitro test), good cytocompatibility and stimulatory effect on the proliferation of cells.

Voicu|Georgeta|G|
Popa|Alexandru Mihai|AM|
Badanoiu|Alina Ioana|AI|
Iordache|Florin|F|

D017607:Aluminum Compounds
D017610:Calcium Compounds
D003738:Dental Cements
D004338:Drug Combinations
D008422:Materials Testing
D010087:Oxides
D017640:Silicates
D013696:Temperature
D014961:X-Ray Diffraction

thermal treatment
properties
setting time
biocompatibility
composition
hydration and hardening processes
mineral trioxide cement


Adherence to Alternative Healthy Eating Index (AHEI-2010) is not associated with risk of stroke in Iranian adults: A case-control study.

Abstract: Background: Stroke is a major global health problem that contributes to a significant burden of morbidity and mortality. The association of several foods and nutrients with stroke has been well-established. However, the effect of the whole diet on stroke is poorly understood. In this work, we aimed to examine the association between the quality of whole diet, as measured using Alternate Healthy Eating Index-2010 (AHEI-2010), and risk of stroke in Iranian adults. Methods: In this hospital-based case-control study, 193 stroke patients (diagnosed based on clinical and brain CT findings) and 193 controls with no history of cerebrovascular diseases or neurologic disorders were included. The participants' dietary intakes were examined using a validated 168-item semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. AHEI-2010 was constructed based on earlier studies. Participants were classified according to tertiles of AHEI-2010 scores and multivariate logistic regression was used to evaluate the association between whole diet quality and risk of stroke. Results: Individuals with greater adherence to AHEI-2010 had a higher intake of fruits, vegetables, nuts and legumes, whole grains and carbohydrate, and a lower intake of trans-fatty acids, sugar-sweetened beverages, total energy and fat (P < 0.05). After adjusting for potential confounders, adherence to AHEI-2010 was not significantly associated with a reduced risk of stroke (OR: 0.92; 95% CI: 0.56-1.51). Conclusion: We found that adherence to AHEI-2010 was not associated with risk of stroke in Iranian adults. Further prospective studies are warranted to validate this finding and clarify the relationship between whole diet and stroke.

Mousavi|Seyed Mohammad|SM|
Milajerdi|Alireza|A|
Pouraram|Hamed|H|
Saadatnia|Mohammad|M|
Shakeri|Forough|F|
Keshteli|Ammar Hassanzadeh|AH|
Tan|Shing Cheng|SC|
Esmaillzadeh|Ahmad|A|

Alternative Healthy Eating Index
Stroke
Case-control
Diet quality
AHEI


Comparison of opioid-based and opioid-free TIVA for laparoscopic urological procedures in obese patients.

Abstract:
Background and Aims
Perioperative pain management in an obese patient is challenging. The incidence of respiratory depression is higher in obese patients and is exaggerated with opioids. We evaluated the efficacy of opioid-free anesthesia with propofol, dexmedetomidine, lignocaine, and ketamine in obese patients undergoing urological laparoscopic procedures with reference to postoperative analgesic consumption, hemodynamic stability, and respiratory depression.

Material and Methods
In this prospective, randomized, blinded controlled study, patients were randomized to receive either opioid-based (opioid group) or opioid-free (opioid-free group) anesthesia. Postoperative pain was assessed using visual analog score (VAS) 30 min after recovery, hourly for 2 h and every 4 hourly for 24 h. The primary outcomes studied were respiratory depression, mean analgesic consumption and time to rescue analgesia. Intraoperative hemodynamic parameters, mean SpO2, respiratory rate and postanesthesia care unit (PACU) discharge time were secondary objectives.

Results
There were no differences in the demographic and intraoperative hemodynamic profile between the groups. Incidence of respiratory depression, defined as fall in saturation, was more in opioid-based group. Postoperative analgesic requirement (225 ± 48.4 vs 63.6 ± 68.5 mg of tramadol with P value of <0.001) and PACU discharge times (18.1 ± 5.4 vs 11.7 ± 4.3 hours with P value of <0.001) were significantly less in the opioid-free group.

Conclusions
Opioid-free anesthesia is a safer and better form of anesthesia in obese patients undergoing laparoscopic urological procedures as there is a lower requirement of postoperative analgesia.

laparoscopic urological procedures
obese patients
propofol
Dexmedetomidine
ketamine


Vitamin D and the Epigenetic Machinery in Colon Cancer.

Abstract: Vitamin D is an important hormone that regulates many physiological processes related to human health. Through its nuclear receptor, VDR, vitamin D controls gene expression through genetic and epigenetic mechanisms. Increasing data have demonstrated the anti-cancer activities of vitamin D in various cancers, including colon cancer. This review summarizes the recent progresses in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of vitamin D and its interaction with the epigenetic machinery in colon cancer. Vitamin D changes the status of DNA methylation and histone modifications, resulting in the activation of tumor suppressors and inhibition of oncogenes. In addition, vitamin D activates the expression of tumor suppressing miRNAs, which contribute to the tumor suppressive activity. Further understanding of the epigenetic action of vitamin D will help the development of therapeutic strategies targeting the vitamin D signaling pathway without inducing the hypercalcemic side effects.

Vitamin D
epigenetics
DNA methylation
chemotherapy
histone methylation
microRNA


Motif mining based on network space compression.

Abstract: A network motif is a recurring subnetwork within a network, and it takes on certain functions in practical biological macromolecule applications. Previous algorithms have focused on the computational efficiency of network motif detection, but some problems in storage space and searching time manifested during earlier studies. The considerable computational and spacial complexity also presents a significant challenge. In this paper, we provide a new approach for motif mining based on compressing the searching space. According to the characteristic of the parity nodes, we cut down the searching space and storage space in real graphs and random graphs, thereby reducing the computational cost of verifying the isomorphism of sub-graphs. We obtain a new network with smaller size after removing parity nodes and the "repeated edges" connected with the parity nodes. Random graph structure and sub-graph searching are based on the Back Tracking Method; all sub-graphs can be searched for by adding edges progressively. Experimental results show that this algorithm has higher speed and better stability than its alternatives.

Space compression
Parity nodes
Associated matrix
Sub-graph mark


Epigenetic silencing of miR-137 is a frequent event in gastric carcinogenesis.

Abstract: MicroRNAs (miRNA) are involved in posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression and are dysregulated during carcinogenesis. CpG island methylation of miR-137 is a common event in different cancers; however, the role of miR-137 in gastric cancer (GC) remains largely unexplored. In this study we aimed to characterize the epigenetic alterations of miR-137 in gastric carcinogenesis. We analyzed total 295 tissues including paired primary gastric cancer (T-GC) with corresponding adjacent gastric mucosa (N-GC), paired primary colorectal cancer (CRC) tissues with corresponding non-tumorous mucosa, gastric tissues from controls (N), and patients with chronic/atrophic gastritis (CG) with and without Helicobacter pylori infection. Bisulfite pyrosequencing and TaqMan RT-PCR were used to analyze miR-137 methylation and expression, respectively. Survival differences were evaluated using Kaplan-Meier analyses. miR-137 CpG island methylation was more frequent in tumorous compared to non-tumorous conditions and higher in CRC than in GC. In comparison to N-GC, miR 137 methylation level was lower in N and CG tissues, which correlates with Correas cascade. MiR-137 methylation inversely correlates with global LINE-1 methylation and miR-137 expression. miR-137 methylation was higher in intestinal type GC compared to diffuse one, and higher in antrum compared to cardia and corpus, however, miR-137 methylation was associated with worse prognosis in diffuse, but not in intestinal type of GC. The expression in colon was significantly higher compared to any gastric tissues suggesting functional difference. In summary, miR-137 methylation is a frequent event in gastrointestinal cancers which occurs early in stepwise manner during gastric carcinogenesis and inversely correlates with global methylation. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Steponaitiene|Ruta|R| Kupcinskas|Juozas|J| Langner|Cosima|C| Balaguer|Francesc|F| Venclauskas|Linas|L| Pauzas|Henrikas|H| Tamelis|Algimantas|A| Skieceviciene|Jurgita|J| Kupcinskas|Limas|L| Malfertheiner|Peter|P| Link|Alexander|A|

D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic

miR-137
microRNA
methylation
gastric cancer
colorectal cancer
gastritis


Purification and Characterization of a Novel Thermostable Papain Inhibitor from Moringa oleifera with Antimicrobial and Anticoagulant Properties.

Abstract: Plant cystatins (or phytocystatins) comprise a large superfamily of natural bioactive small proteins that typically act as protein inhibitors of papain-like cysteine proteases. In this report, we present the purification and characterization of the first phytocystatin isolated from Moringa oleifera (MoPI). MoPI has a molecular mass of 19 kDa and showed an extraordinary physicochemical stability against acidic pHs and high temperatures. Our findings also revealed that MoPI is one of the most potent cysteine protease inhibitors reported to date, with Ki and IC50 values of 2.1 nM and 5.7 nM, respectively. More interestingly, MoPI presents a strong antimicrobial activity against human pathogens such as Enterococcus faecalis and Staphylococcus aureus. In addition, MoPI also showed important anticoagulant activity, which is an unprecedented property for this family of protease inhibitors. These results highlight the pharmaceutical potential of this plant and its derived bioactive molecules.

papain inhibitor
Moringa oleifera
anticoagulant
phytocystatin
protease
antibacterial
bioactive compound
plant protease inhibitor


Pharmacokinetics of ligustrazine ethosome patch in rats and anti-myocardial ischemia and anti-ischemic reperfusion injury effect.

Abstract: The objective of this study was to investigate the pharmacokinetics of the ligustrazine ethosome patch and antimyocardial ischemia and anti-ischemic reperfusion injury effect. Male Sprague Dawley rats were divided randomly into 3 groups: Group A (intragastric ligustrazine), Group B (transdermal ligustrazine ethosome patch), and Group C (conventional transdermal ligustrazine patch). After treatment, samples of blood and of various tissues such as heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney, brain, and muscle samples were taken at different time points. Drug concentration was measured with HPLC, and the drug concentration-time curve was plotted. Pharmacokinetic software 3p97 was applied to calculate pharmacokinetic parameters and the area under the drug concentration-time curve (AUC) in various tissues. The rat model of acute myocardial ischemia was constructed with intravenous injection of pituitrin and the model of myocardial ischemia-perfusion injury was constructed by tying off the left anterior descending coronary artery of rats to observe the effect of ligustrazine ethosome patches on ischemic myocardium and ischemia-reperfusion injury. Results showed that AUC was highest in the transdermal drug delivery group of ligustrazine ethosome patch. There were significant differences in whole blood viscosity, plasma viscosity, hematocrit, red blood cell aggregation index, and deformation index between ligustrazine the ethosome patch group and ischemic control group (P < 0.01). Moreover, ligustrazine ethosome patches could reduce the scope of myocardial infarction induced by long-term ischemia. Ligustrazine ethosome patches have a sustained-release property. They can maintain stable and sustained blood drug concentration, increase bioavailability, and reduce administration times. The drug patch can decrease hemorheological indices of myocardial ischemia in rats, as well as protect acute ischemic myocardium and ischemia-reperfusion injured myocardium.

Liu|Xingyan|X| Liu|Hong|H| Zeng|Zhaowu|Z| Zhou|Weihua|W| Liu|Jianqiang|J| He|Zhiwei|Z|

D000818:Animals
D019540:Area Under Curve
D001809:Blood Viscosity
D016009:Chi-Square Distribution
D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents
D008297:Male
D017202:Myocardial Ischemia
D015428:Myocardial Reperfusion Injury
D011719:Pyrazines
D051381:Rats
D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric
D014018:Tissue Distribution
D057968:Transdermal Patch

pharmacokinetics
ligustrazine
ethosome
patch
myocardial ischemia
ischemia- reperfusion injury


Forecasting of construction and demolition waste in Brazil.

Abstract: The objective of this article is to develop a computerised tool (software) that facilitates the analysis of strategies for waste management on construction sites through the use of indicators of construction and demolition waste generation. The development involved the following steps: knowledge acquisition, structuring the system, coding and system evaluation. The step of knowledge acquisition aims to provide subsidies for the representation of them through models. In the step of structuring the system, it was presented the structuring and formalisation of knowledge for the development of the system, and has two stages: the construction of the conceptual model and the subsequent instantiation of the model. The coding system aims to implement (code) the conceptual model developed in a model played by computer (digital). The results showed that the system is very useful and applicable in construction sites, helping to improve the quality of waste management, and creating a database that will support new research.

Paz|Diogo Hf|DH|
Lafayette|Kalinny Pv|KP|

Construction and demolition waste
software
management
indicators
model
decision support system


Membrane and centrifugal therapeutic plasma exchange: practical difficulties in anticoagulating the extracorporeal circuit.

Abstract: Therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) is a well-established treatment modality for nephrology patients, using two conventional methods: membrane (mTPE) or centrifugal TPE (cTPE). Although the efficacy of both treatments has been described, there are few reports that compare these methodologies. Here we describe three nephrology patients who were treated with both mTPE and cTPE. The mTPE method, but not the cTPE method, was associated with persistent difficulty anticoagulating the extracorporeal circuit in all three patients. In mTPE procedures, the doses of heparin bolus and infusion rate were important determinants of whether the circuit clotted. With a heparin bolus at or below 2000 IU, clotting occurred in 67% of treatments, dropping to 25% with a bolus of >2000 IU. Likewise, a heparin infusion rate during the procedure was indicative of clotting. With a maintenance infusion of <2000 IU/h, most circuits clotted. No clotting was observed during cTPE procedures using acid citrate dextrose formula A solution as an anticoagulant of the extracorporeal circuit. Overall, difficulties maintaining the extracorporeal circuit in mTPE required the use of additional disposable sets, high doses of heparin and nursing time. In addition, mTPE procedures took longer to perform than cTPE.

therapeutic plasma exchange
anticoagulation
centrifugal tPE
membrane tPE


Street floods in Metro Manila and possible solutions.

Abstract: Urban floods from thunderstorms cause severe problems in Metro Manila due to road traffic. Using Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR)-derived topography, flood simulations and anecdotal reports, the root of surface flood problems in Metro Manila is identified. Majority of flood-prone areas are along the intersection of creeks and streets located in topographic lows. When creeks overflow or when rapidly accumulated street flood does not drain fast enough to the nearest stream channel, the intersecting road also gets flooded. Possible solutions include the elevation of roads or construction of well-designed drainage structures leading to the creeks. Proposed solutions to the flood problem of Metro Manila may avoid paralyzing traffic problems due to short-lived rain events, which according to Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) cost the Philippine economy 2.4billionpesos/day.

Lagmay|Alfredo Mahar|AM|
Mendoza|Jerico|J|
Cipriano|Fatima|F|
Delmendo|Patricia Anne|PA|
Lacsamana|Micah Nieves|MN|
Moises|Marc Anthony|MA|
Pellejera|Nicanor|N|
Punay|Kenneth Niño|KN|
Sabio|Glenn|G|
Santos|Laurize|L|
Serrano|Jonathan|J|
Taniza|Herbert James|HJ|
Tingin|Neil Eneri|NE|


The chemotherapeutic agent paclitaxel selectively impairs reversal learning while sparing prior learning, new learning and episodic memory.

Abstract: Chemotherapy is widely used to treat patients with systemic cancer. The efficacy of cancer therapies is frequently undermined by adverse side effects that have a negative impact on the quality of life of cancer survivors. Cancer patients who receive chemotherapy often experience chemotherapy-induced cognitive impairment across a variety of domains including memory, learning, and attention. In the current study, the impact of paclitaxel, a taxane derived chemotherapeutic agent, on episodic memory, prior learning, new learning, and reversal learning were evaluated in rats. Neurogenesis was quantified post-treatment in the dentate gyrus of the same rats using immunostaining for 5-Bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) and Ki67. Paclitaxel treatment selectively impaired reversal learning while sparing episodic memory, prior learning, and new learning. Furthermore, paclitaxel-treated rats showed decreases in markers of hippocampal cell proliferation, as measured by markers of cell proliferation assessed using immunostaining for Ki67 and BrdU. This work highlights the importance of using multiple measures of learning and memory to identify the pattern of impaired and spared aspects of chemotherapy-induced cognitive impairment.

Panoz-Brown|Danielle|D|
Carey|Lawrence M|LM|
Smith|Alexandra E|AE|
Gentry|Meredith|M|
Sluka|Christina M|CM|
Corbin|Hannah E|HE|
Wu|Jie-En|JE|
Hohmann|Andrea G|AG|
Crystal|Jonathon D|JD|

Reversal learning
Learning
Episodic memory
Chemotherapy
Rats
Neurogenesis


Recognising and responding to deteriorating patients: what difference do national standards make?

Abstract:
BACKGROUND
The Australian Commission on Safety and Quality in Health Care released a set of national standards which became a mandatory part of accreditation in 2013. Standard 9 focuses on the identification and treatment of deteriorating patients. The objective of the study was to identify changes in the characteristics and perceptions of rapid response systems (RRS) since the implementation of Standard 9.

METHODS
Cross-sectional study of Australian hospitals. Baseline data was obtained from a pre-implementation survey in 2010 (220 hospitals). A follow-up survey was distributed in 2015 to staff involved in implementing Standard 9 in public and private hospitals (276 responses) across Australia.

RESULTS
Since 2010, the proportion of hospitals with formal RRS had increased from 66 to 85. Only 7% of sites had dedicated funding to operate the RRS. 83% of respondents reported that Standard 9 had improved the recognition of, and response to, deteriorating patients in their health service, with 51% believing it had improved awareness at the executive level and 50% believing it had changed hospital culture.

CONCLUSIONS
Implementing a national safety and quality standard for deteriorating patients can change processes to deliver safer care, while raising the profile of safety issues. Despite limited dedicated funding and staffing, respondents reported that Standard 9 had a positive impact on the care for deteriorating patients in their hospitals.

D000068:Accreditation
D001315:Australia
D000075902:Clinical Deterioration
D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies
D057209:Hospital Rapid Response Team
D016304:Hospitals, Private
D006779:Hospitals, Public
D006801:Humans
D015279:Organizational Culture
D012015:Reference Standards
D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires

Standards
Surveys
Accreditation of hospitals
Measurement of quality
Quality improvement


Ursolic acid derivatives as potential antidiabetic agents: In vitro, in vivo, and in silico studies.

Abstract: Hit, Lead & Candidate Discovery Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP-1B) has attracted interest as a novel target for the treatment of type 2 diabetes, this because its role in the insulin-signaling pathway as a negative regulator. Thus, the aim of current work was to obtain seven ursolic acid derivatives as potential antidiabetic agents with PTP-1B inhibition as main mechanism of action. Furthermore, derivatives 1-7 were submitted in vitro to enzymatic PTP-1B inhibition being 3, 5, and 7 the most active compounds (IC50  = 5.6, 4.7, and 4.6 μM, respectively). In addition, results were corroborated with in silico docking studies with PTP-1B orthosteric site A and extended binding site B, showed that 3 had polar and Van der Waals interactions in both sites with Lys120, Tyr46, Ser216, Ala217, Ile219, Asp181, Phe182, Gln262, Val49, Met258, and Gly259, showing a docking score value of -7.48 Kcal/mol, being more specific for site A. Moreover, compound 7 showed polar interaction with Gln262 and Van der Waals interactions with Ala217, Phe182, Ile219, Arg45, Tyr46, Arg47, Asp48, and Val49 with a predictive docking score of -6.43 kcal/mol, suggesting that the potential binding site could be localized in the site B adjacent to the catalytic site A. Finally, derivatives 2 and 7 (50 mg/kg) were selected to establish their in vivo antidiabetic effect using a noninsulin-dependent diabetes mice model, showing significant blood glucose lowering compared with control group (p < .05).

D054562:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 1

ursolic acid derivatives
antidiabetic agents
PTP-1B inhibition
docking
pentacyclic acid triterpenes


Protocol for the development of a core outcome set for studies of pregnant women with pre-existing multimorbidity.

Abstract:
INTRODUCTION
Increasingly more pregnant women are living with pre-existing multimorbidity (≥two long-term physical or mental health conditions). This may adversely affect maternal and offspring outcomes. This study aims to develop a core outcome set (COS) for maternal and offspring outcomes in pregnant women with pre-existing multimorbidity. It is intended for use in observational and interventional studies in all pregnancy settings.

METHODS AND ANALYSIS
We propose a four stage study design: (1) systematic literature search, (2) focus groups, (3) Delphi surveys and (4) consensus group meeting. The study will be conducted from June 2021 to August 2022. First, an initial list of outcomes will be identified through a systematic literature search of reported outcomes in studies of pregnant women with multimorbidity. We will search the Cochrane library, Medline, EMBASE and CINAHL. This will be supplemented with relevant outcomes from published COS for pregnancies and childbirth in general, and multimorbidity. Second, focus groups will be conducted among (1) women with lived experience of managing pre-existing multimorbidity in pregnancy (and/or their partners) and (2) their healthcare/social care professionals to identify outcomes important to them. Third, these initial lists of outcomes will be prioritised through a three-round online Delphi survey using predefined score criteria for consensus. Participants will be invited to suggest additional outcomes that were not included in the initial list. Finally, a consensus meeting using the nominal group technique will be held to agree on the final COS. The stakeholders will include (1) women (and/or their partners) with lived experience of managing multimorbidity in pregnancy, (2) healthcare/social care professionals involved in their care and (3) researchers in this field.

ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION
This study has been approved by the University of Birmingham's ethical review committee. The final COS will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publication and conferences and to all stakeholders.

maternal medicine
preventive medicine
public health


The robotic-assisted ureteral reimplantation: the evolution to a new standard.

Abstract: The development of the robotic-assisted laparoscopic ureteral reimplantation has tracked a path searching for the optimal method of providing outcomes on par with the gold standard of open intravesical ureteral reimplantation combined with fewer complications and decreased discomfort for the patient. With this in mind, pioneers in pediatric urology minimally invasive surgery have put limits to the test with laparoscopic transvesicoscopic Cohen reimplants and laparoscopic extravesical Lich-Gregoir reimplants and then used the da Vinci platform to fine-tune and bring these skills into the 21st century.

D019060:Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures

Robotic-assisted laparoscopic ureteral reimplantation


A Silver(I)-Estrogen Nanocluster: GSH Sensitivity and Targeting Suppression on HepG2 Cell.

Abstract: A structure-determined silver nanocluster of [Ag10 (Eth)4 (CF3 COO)6 (CH3 OH)3 ]·3C-H3 OH (Eth = ethisterone) (1), is firstly demonstrated by self-assembly of silver salt and ethisterone. Due to the thiophilicity of silver(I) ions, complex 1 shows reactivity with glutathione (GSH) molecules in solution and induces the fluorescence quenching behavior. Thus, complex 1 can be used as a fluorescent sensor for GSH. In consideration of the higher level of GSH in cancerous cells, complex 1 presents significant tumor suppression reactivity toward the human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cells with IC50 value of 165 × 10-9 m. Especially, complex 1 displays 3.4-fold higher in vitro cytotoxicity to HepG2 cells than that of the normal CCC-HEL-1 cells, which makes complex 1 a potential targeting suppression agent for cancerous cells. The molecular design of complex 1 not only generates a new medicine-silver(I) cluster family, but also opens a new avenue to the targeting anticancer organosilver(I) materials.

Shen|De-Feng|DF| Wu|Shan-Shan|SS| Wang|Rui-Rui|RR| Zhang|Qiang|Q| Ren|Zhong-Juan|ZJ| Liu|Hong|H| Guo|Hua-Dong|HD| Gao|Guang-Gang|GG|

targeting
HepG2 cells
silver nanoclusters
ethisterone
luminescence


Strategies on Technology Transfer and Patents Commercialization for Nanotechnology at the Spanish National Research Council.

Abstract:
Nanoscience and nanotechnology made their appearance in the scientific scene at a time when both the economy of Spain and the Spanish Research and Innovation System were experiencing strong growth. This circumstance resulted in a remarkable development of nanoscience and nanotechnology especially in universities and public research institutions such as the Spanish National Research Council (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-CSIC). However, this development in academia has not been reflected in a similar increment in the transfer of knowledge to the productive sector despite several efforts and initiatives were launched. The CSIC, the main generator of scientific knowledge in Spain, has designed and implemented a series of actions in order to take advantage of the knowledge generated in nanotechnology by its research groups by mean of an appropriate transfer to both the Spanish and the international industry.

METHOD
Internal methodologies used in CSIC in order to protect and commercialize nanotechnology based intellectual property as well as their effects are reviewed. The evolution of CSIC nanotechnology patents portfolio is also analyzed.

RESULTS
There has been a clear increase in the patent license agreements of CSIC in the period 2002- 2015 in the field of nanotechnology. This increase is correlated to these facts: (i) Highly qualified team managing Intellectual Property issues, (ii) The presence of CSIC in international fairs, and (iii) Proactive search of companies and investors.

CONCLUSION
Successful results can be achieved in technology transfer when the appropriate resources are available and properly organized with an adequate combination of efforts in knowledge protection, promotion and commercialization of technologies and support to the scientific entrepreneurs of the institution.

Maira|Javier|J|
Etxabe|Javier|J|
Serena|Pedro A|PA|

technology transfer
patents commercialization
nanotechnology
Intellectual property protection
research performing organizations
scientific policy
spin-off


Physicochemical properties, microstructure, and storage stability of Pulicaria jaubertii extract microencapsulated with different protein biopolymers and gum arabic as wall materials.

Abstract: This study aimed to evaluate the possibility of using gum arabic (GA) with different protein materials namely whey protein isolate (WP), sodium caseinate (SC), and soybean protein (SP) as wall materials to encapsulate Pulicaria jaubertii extract (PJ) using freeze-drying. Four formulations of microencapsulation of Pulicaria jaubertii extract (MPJE) were produced, including WPGA-MPJE, SCGA-MPJE, SPGA-MPJE, and GA-MPJE. The formulations were stored at 4 °C and 25 °C for 28 days to assess the storage stability. The results indicated that mixtures of proteins with GA improved the physicochemical properties and bioactive content of the MPJE compared to GA-MPJE. The SCGA-MPJE formula showed optimal values of particle size (450.13 nm), polydispersity index (0.33), zeta potential (74.63 mV), encapsulation efficiency (91.07%), total phenolic content (25.51 g GAE g-1 capsules), and antioxidants compounds, as well as presented a lower release of bioactive composites with high oxidative stability during storage at 4 °C and 25 °C. The microstructure of MPJE formulations showed a flat surface without any visible cracking on surfaces. The microcapsules prepared from protein mixtures with GA, especially the SCGA-MPJE formula, are the most efficient in encapsulating the plant extract derived from the PJ, which could be useful for application in various industrial fields.

Al-Maqtari|Qais Ali|QA|
Mohammed|Jalaleldeen Khaleel|JK|
Mahdi|Amer Ali|AA|
Al-Ansi|Waleed|W|
Zhang|Mi|M|
Al-Adeeb|Abdulqader|A|
Wei|Minping|M|
Phyo|Hsu Mon|HM|
Yao|Weirong|W|

Pulicaria jaubertii extract
Microencapsulation
Freeze-drying
Total phenolic content
Oxidative stability
Antioxidant activity


A three-dimensional finite element analysis of a passive and friction fit implant abutment interface and the influence of occlusal table dimension on the stress distribution pattern on the implant and surrounding bone.

Abstract:
AIMS
The aim of the study was to evaluate the stress distribution pattern in the implant and the surrounding bone for a passive and a friction fit implant abutment interface and to analyze the influence of occlusal table dimension on the stress generated.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
CAD models of two different types of implant abutment connections, the passive fit or the slip-fit represented by the Nobel Replace Tri-lobe connection and the friction fit or active fit represented by the Nobel active conical connection were made. The stress distribution pattern was studied at different occlusal dimension. Six models were constructed in PRO-ENGINEER 05 of the two implant abutment connection for three different occlusal dimensions each. The implant and abutment complex was placed in cortical and cancellous bone modeled using a computed tomography scan. This complex was subjected to a force of 100 N in the axial and oblique direction. The amount of stress and the pattern of stress generated were recorded on a color scale using ANSYS 13 software.

RESULTS
The results showed that overall maximum Von Misses stress on the bone is significantly less for friction fit than the passive fit in any loading conditions stresses on the implant were significantly higher for the friction fit than the passive fit. The narrow occlusal table models generated the least amount of stress on the implant abutment interface.

CONCLUSION
It can thus be concluded that the conical connection distributes more stress to the implant body and dissipates less stress to the surrounding bone. A narrow occlusal table considerably reduces the occlusal overload.

Sarfaraz|Hasan|H|
Paulose|Anoopa|A|
Shenoy|K Kamalakanth|KK|
Hussain|Akhter|A|

implant abutment interface
occlusal table dimension
Tri-lobe connection
Conical connection
friction fit interface
passive fit interface


Mechanical properties of the everolimus-eluting bioresorbable vascular scaffold compared to the metallic everolimus-eluting stent.

Abstract:
BACKGROUND
Everolimus-eluting bioresorbable vascular scaffolds (BVS) represent an innovative treatment option for coronary artery disease. Clinical and angiographic results seem promising, however, data on its immediate procedural performance are still scarce. The aim of our study was to assess the mechanical properties of BVS by Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) in clinical routine.

METHODS
Post-implantation OCT images of 40 BVS were retrospectively compared to those of 40 metallic everolimus-eluting stents (EES). Post-procedural device related morphological features were assessed. This included incidences of gross underexpansion and the stent eccentricity index (SEI, minimum/maximum diameter) as a measure for focal radial strength.

RESULTS
Patients receiving BVS were younger than those with EES (54.0 ± 11.2 years versus 61.7 ± 11.4 years, p = 0.012), the remaining baseline, vessel and lesion characteristics were comparable between groups. Lesion pre-dilatation was more frequently performed and inflation time was longer in the BVS than in the EES group (n = 34 versus n = 23, p = 0.006 and 44.2 ± 12.8 versus 25.6 ± 8.4 seconds, p < 0.001, respectively). There were no significant differences in maximal inflation pressures and post-dilatation frequencies with non-compliant balloons between groups. Whereas gross device underexpansion was not significantly different, SEI was significantly lower in the BVS group (n = 12 (30 %) versus n = 14 (35 %), p = 0.812 and 0.69 ± 0.08 versus 0.76 ± 0.09, p < 0.001, respectively). There was no difference in major adverse cardiac event-rate at six months.

CONCLUSION
Our data show that focal radial expansion was significantly reduced in BVS compared to EES in a clinical routine setting using no routine post-dilatation protocol. Whether these findings have impact on scaffold mid-term results as well as on clinical outcome has to be investigated in larger, randomized trials.

Dalos|Daniel|D| Gangl|Clemens|C| Roth|Christian|C| Krenn|Lisa|L| Scherzer|Sabine|S| Vertesich|Markus|M| Lang|Irene|I| Maurer|Gerald|G| Neunteufl|Thomas|T| Berger|Rudolf|R| Delle-Karth|Georg|G|

Optical Coherence Tomography
Bioresorbable Scaffold
Drug-Eluting Stent


Direct detection of SERCA calcium transport and small-molecule inhibition in giant unilamellar vesicles.

Abstract: We have developed a charge-mediated fusion method to reconstitute the sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA) in giant unilamellar vesicles (GUV). Intracellular Ca2+ transport by SERCA controls key processes in human cells such as proliferation, signaling, and contraction. Small-molecule effectors of SERCA are urgently needed as therapeutics for Ca2+ dysregulation in human diseases including cancer, diabetes, and heart failure. Here we report the development of a method for efficiently reconstituting SERCA in GUV, and we describe a streamlined protocol based on optimized parameters (e.g., lipid components, SERCA preparation, and activity assay requirements). ATP-dependent Ca2+ transport by SERCA in single GUV was detected directly using confocal fluorescence microscopy with the Ca2+ indicator Fluo-5F. The GUV reconstitution system was validated for functional screening of Ca2+ transport using thapsigargin (TG), a small-molecule inhibitor of SERCA currently in clinical trials as a prostate cancer prodrug. The GUV system overcomes the problem of inhibitory Ca2+ accumulation for SERCA in native and reconstituted small unilamellar vesicles (SUV). We propose that charge-mediated fusion provides a widely-applicable method for GUV reconstitution of clinically-important membrane transport proteins. We conclude that GUV reconstitution is a technological advancement for evaluating small-molecule effectors of SERCA.

Bian|Tengfei|T|
Autry|Joseph M|JM|
Casemore|Denise|D|
Li|Ji|J|
Thomas|David D|DD|
He|Gaohong|G|
Xing|Chengguo|C|

D053498:Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Calcium-Transporting ATPases

Transport proteins
Biomimetic membrane
Calcium regulation
Drug discovery
Electrostatic fusion
Lipid reconstitution


Tenascin-C as a prognostic determinant of colorectal cancer through induction of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and proliferation.

Abstract: Although Tenascin-C (TNC) as an extracellular matrix protein involved in various cancers, the mechanisms by which TNC leads to decreased survival time remain to be clarified in CRC. We assessed the expression of TNC and its relationship with cancer associated fibroblasts (CAFs) markers, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cell cycle markers in 100 paraffin-embedded CRC tissue samples using immunohistochemistry. TNC expression was higher in CRC tissue samples than in adjacent non-tumor-tissues (P < .001). In addition, TNC was involved in clinical stage (P = .030), pT stage (P = .049), distant metastasis (P = .004), tumor recurrence (P = .007), and tumor budding (P < .001). TNC play crucial roles in regulating the poor 5-year CRC survival rate by Kaplan-Meier analysis, and was an independent predictor of poor overall survival (P = .007) and disease-free survival (P = .004) in CRC. Moreover, it was postively correlated with CAF (SMA (P < .001) and FSP1 (P = .005)) and cell cycle marker p27 (P = .013) along with EMT (E-cadherin, P = .599; Snail, P < .001; vimentin, P = .012). TNC may promote EMT-like change and proliferation, which lead to poor prognosis for patients with CRC.

Yang|Zhaoting|Z| Zhang|Chengye|C| Qi|Wenbo|W| Cui|Chunai|C| Cui|Yan|Y| Xuan|Yanhua|Y|

Tenascin-C
Colorectal cancer
Prognosis
Epithelial mesenchymal transition


Trends in trauma: a rural experience.

Abstract: In last 20 years a progressive increase in the cases of road traffic accidents is seen in the institution. In this study efforts have been made to study epidemiology of trauma & how to help the trauma victims in a better way. To study the changing trends in incidence & presentation of trauma victims. To recommend preventive measures based on the analysis. The present study was carried out in MGIMS, Sewagram, Wardha from 2001 to 2003. For this study which is retrospective and prospective, a total of 986 cases of surgical trauma were studied. Present study showed that in this rural area accidents account for maximum trauma admissions & major trauma only in 20 %. Out of 986 patients, 78.8 % required repair of wounds, 3.8 % required exploratory laparotomy and 16.3 % had orthopedic interventions. Overall mortality rate was 2.9 %. It was found that general care in wards was good in terms of trauma results of rural areas. These results may vary when compared with specialized trauma centers in cities; however after a period of few years cost effectiveness of trauma centers in terms of benefits needs an assessment*.

Gupta|Gaurav C|GC|
Golhar|K B|KB|
Mehta|V K|VK|
Swapnil|D|D|

Trauma
Road traffic accidents
Pre hospital trauma care
Trauma centre


Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension Due to Popliteal Vein Aneurysm.

Abstract:
Background
Venous thromboembolism (VTE) may present acutely as pulmonary embolism (PE), and its late complications include chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH). PEs may arise from thrombi originating in a venous aneurysm, in rare cases of the popliteal vein.

Case Presentation
A 77-year-old woman was referred to our hospital due to respiratory distress. Computed tomography revealed pulmonary thrombi and a thrombus in a popliteal vein aneurysm (PVA); PE was diagnosed. After 3 months of anticoagulant therapy (rivaroxaban), her pulmonary hypertension showed little improvement. She underwent perfusion scintigraphy, which showed multiple perfusion defects, and Swan-Ganz catheterization. Mean pulmonary artery pressure was 26 mmHg. Pulmonary angiography revealed organized distal thrombi. Based on these findings, we diagnosed CTEPH due to recurrent formation of thrombi in the PVA.

Conclusion
Asymptomatic PVA can lead silently to PE and CTEPH. The possibility of asymptomatic recurrent VTE should be considered in patients with pulmonary hypertension and PVA.


Prognostic utility of pretreatment neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio in survival outcomes in localized non-small cell lung cancer patients treated with stereotactic body radiotherapy: Selection of an ideal clinical cutoff point.

Abstract:
Background and purpose
Neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) has been associated with overall survival (OS) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We aimed to assess the utility of NLR as a predictor of lung cancer-specific survival (LCS) and identify an optimal, pretreatment cutoff point in patients with localized NSCLC treated with stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) within the Veterans Affairs' (VA) national database.

Materials and methods
In the VA database, we identified patients with biopsy-proven, clinical stage I NSCLC treated with SBRT between 2006 and 2015. Cutoff points for NLR were calculated using Contal/O'Quigley's and Cox Wald methods. Primary outcomes of OS, LCS, and non-lung cancer survival (NCS) were evaluated in Cox and Fine-Gray models.

Results
In 389 patients, optimal NLR cutoff was identified as 4.0. In multivariable models, NLR > 4.0 was associated with decreased OS (HR 1.44, p = 0.01) and NCS (HR 1.68, p = 0.01) but not with LCS (HR 1.32, p = 0.09). In a subset analysis of 229 patients with pulmonary function tests, NLR > 4.0 remained associated with worse OS (HR 1.51, p = 0.02) and NCS (HR 2.18, p = 0.01) while the association with LCS decreased further (HR 1.22, p = 0.39).

Conclusion
NLR was associated with worse OS in patients with localized NSCLC treated with SBRT; however, NLR was only associated with NCS and not with LCS. Pretreatment NLR, with a cutoff of 4.0, offers potential as a marker of competing mortality risk which can aid in risk stratification in this typically frail and comorbid population. Further studies are needed to validate pretreatment NLR as a clinical tool in this setting.

Kotha|Nikhil V|NV|
Cherry|Daniel R|DR|
Bryant|Alex K|AK|
Nalawade|Vinit|V|
Stewart|Tyler F|TF|
Rose|Brent S|BS|

Neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio
Non-small cell lung cancer
Stereotactic body radiotherapy
LCS, lung cancer-specific survival
NCS, non-lung cancer survival
NLR, Neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio
NSCLC, non-small cell lung cancer
OS, overall survival
Prognostic factors
SBRT, stereotactic body radiotherapy
VA, Veterans Affairs
Veterans affairs (U.S.)


Superiority of resection over enucleation for schwannomas of the cervical vagus nerve: A retrospective cohort study of 22 consecutive patients.

Abstract:
INTRODUCTION
Schwannoma of the cervical vagus nerve is rare. Treatment options include intracapsular enucleation and en bloc resection. The purpose of this study was to compare the outcomes of enucleation and resection in terms of postoperative mortality and morbidity, freedom from vocal cord palsy, freedom from local recurrence, quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) and vocal handicap index (VHI).

METHODS
Twentytwo consecutive patients were divided into two groups. Patients in group A (n = 9) underwent intracapsular enucleation, whereas patients in Group B (n = 13) underwent en bloc resection. Main endpoints of the study were postoperative mortality and morbidity, freedom from vocal cord palsy, freedom from local recurrence and quality of life. The quality of life after surgery was assessed according to the quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) EQ-5D-5L methodology, and calculation of the voice handicap index (VHI).

RESULTS
Postoperative mortality was nil. Morbidity included 1 wound dehiscence in group A and 2 transitory dysphagias in group B. Freedom from vocal cord palsy was 22% in group A and zero in group B (p = 0.15). Operation-specific local recurrence rate was 33% (3/9 patients) in group A and nil in group B (0/23 patients) (p = 0.05). QALYs was 0.55 in group A and 0.54 in group B (p = 1.0). VHI was 23.77 in group A and 26.15 in group B (p = 1.00).

CONCLUSION
Resection is superior to enucleation in terms of freedom from local recurrence. Functional results are comparable for both techniques.

Illuminati|Giulio|G|
Pizzardi|Giulia|G|
Minni|Antonio|A|
Masci|Federica|F|
Ciamberlano|Bernardo|B|
Pasqua|Rocco|R|
Calio|Francesco G|FG|
Vietri|Francesco|F|

D000328:Adult
D000368:Aged
D003390:Cranial Nerve Neoplasms
D005260:Female
D005500:Follow-Up Studies
D006801:Humans
D008297:Male
D008875:Middle Aged
D037981:Neck Dissection
D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local
D009442:Neurilemmoma
D061646:Operative Time
D011184:Postoperative Period
D011788:Quality of Life
D012189:Retrospective Studies
D016896:Treatment Outcome
D014630:Vagus Nerve
D020421:Vagus Nerve Diseases
D014826:Vocal Cord Paralysis

Surgical treatment research registry 799


Ruptured sinus of Valsalva aneurysm with tetralogy of Fallot in an adult.

Abstract: A combination of ruptured sinus of Valsalva (RSOV) aneurysm with tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) is a very rare condition. We report a 32-year-old male who underwent repair of a RSOV aneurysm with TOF.


Enzymatic degradation of Elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum) stems: influence of the pith and bark in the total hydrolysis.

Abstract: The internal pith of a high energy plant, Elephant grass (EG), was more extensively degraded (>50% dry matter) compared to the outer cortex (31%) or the whole stem (35%) by an enzyme preparation from Humicola insolens, Ultraflo. Reducing sugars and acetic acid release from the pith was also higher compared to the cortex. Supplementation of Ultraflo with a type-C feruloyl esterase increased the level of deacetylation but also led to reduced solubilisation. The addition of 20% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as a co-solvent also reduced the solubility of EG by Ultraflo, although acetic acid release was increased, complimenting previous results found on model substrates. The presence of DMSO was also shown to have a protective effect on xylanase activity but not acetyl esterase activity in Ultraflo. Xylan in the biomass was preferentially solubilised by DMSO, while Ultraflo removed more glucose than xylose.

Pérez-Boada|Marta|M|
Prieto|Alicia|A|
Prinsen|Pepijn|P|
Forquin-Gomez|Marie-Pierre|MP|
del Río|José Carlos|JC|
Gutiérrez|Ana|A|
Martínez|Ángel T|ÁT|
Faulds|Craig B|CB|

Co-solvents
Acetyl esterase
Biomass utilisation
Energy crop
Glycoside hydrolases


Radiation-induced kidney toxicity: molecular and cellular pathogenesis.

Abstract: Radiation nephropathy (RN) is a kidney injury induced by ionizing radiation. In a clinical setting, ionizing radiation is used in radiotherapy (RT). The use and the intensity of radiation therapy is limited by normal-tissue damage including kidney toxicity. Different thresholds for kidney toxicity exist for different entities of RT. Histopathologic features of RN include vascular, glomerular and tubulointerstitial damage. The different molecular and cellular pathomechanisms involved in RN are not fully understood. Ionizing radiation causes double-stranded breaks in the DNA, followed by cell death including apoptosis and necrosis of renal endothelial, tubular and glomerular cells. Especially in the latent phase of RN oxidative stress and inflammation have been proposed as putative pathomechanisms, but so far no clear evidence was found. Cellular senescence, activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone-system and vascular dysfunction might contribute to RN, but only limited data is available. Several signalling pathways have been identified in animal models of RN and different approaches to mitigate RN have been investigated. Drugs that attenuate cell death and inflammation or reduce oxidative stress and renal fibrosis were tested. Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone-system blockade, anti-apoptotic drugs, statins, and antioxidants have been shown to reduce the severity of RN. These results provide a rationale for the development of new strategies to prevent or reduce radiation-induced kidney toxicity.

Radiation nephropathy
Radiotherapy
Cellular senescence
Renal fibrosis
DNA damage
Renal inflammation
Total body irradiation


Preparation of crosslinked poly (acryloyloxyethyltrimethyl ammonium chloride) microsphere and its adsorption and mechanism towards shikimic acid.

Abstract: Shikimic acid (SA) is a key raw material for the synthesis of the antiviral drug, but its extraction and separation from plants is still limited. Crosslinked poly (acryloyloxyethyltrimethyl ammonium chloride, DAC) microspheres were synthesized via inverse-phase suspension polymerization. In the synthesizing, N,N'-methylene bisacrylamide (MBA) was used as crosslinker, cyclohexane as dispersed medium and span-60 as dispersants, obtaining CPDAC gel microspheres. The effect of polymerization condition on balling performance and the characteristics of CPDAC were examined. The adsorption properties of CPDAC towards SA were mainly explored and the data of adsorption isotherm were analyzed by using Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, Sips and Toth models. Furthermore, the adsorption mechanism was analyzed in depth, and the adsorption thermodynamics was also investigated. The results show that in order to prepare CPDAC, water phase must be added dropwise to oil phase, and the volume ratio of oil-water is more than 2:1. The mean diameter of CPDAC decreases with increasing span-60 and accelerating agitating rate. The strong electrostatic interaction is formed between quaternary ammonium nitrogen of CPDAC and COO- of SA. The adsorption kinetic data is fitted well with pseudo-first-order model. The adsorption ability is higher in aqueous water than ethanol, reaching 108mg/g, and Toth model is more suitable for describing the actual adsorption process. The adsorption of CPDAC towards SA is dependent on the pH value of the medium. The adsorption process is exothermic, the adsorption amount decreases with the increase of temperature, and the process is driven by enthalpy. The adsorption amount decreases with the increase of salinity. The reusability of CPDAC towards SA can keep 86.1% at the sixth cycle.

Men|Jiying|J| Wang|Ruixin|R| Li|Huan|H| Li|Xinyan|X| Yang|Shanshan|S| Liu|Haisi|H| Gao|Baojiao|B|


The importance of influenza vaccination during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic and the measures taken to mitigate its spread have had a dramatic effect on the circulation patterns of other respiratory viruses, most especially influenza viruses. Since April 2020, the global circulation of influenza has been markedly reduced; however, it is still present in a number of different countries and could pose a renewed threat in the upcoming Northern Hemisphere winter. Influenza vaccination remains the most effective preventive measure that we have at our disposal against influenza infections and should not be ignored for the 2021-2022 season.


In situ surface decoration of Fe3C/Fe3O4/C nanosheets: Towards bi-functional activated carbons with supercapacitance and efficient dye adsorption.

Abstract: This work reports a bi-functional activated porous carbon (PC) prepared from a biomass tofu, with excellent capacities for charge storage and adsorption of organic dyes, which is enabled by decorating with Fe3C/Fe3O4/C nanosheets. The in-situ growth and self-assembly of the nanosheets on the carbon surface are achieved by a one-step catalytic carbonization of tofu simultaneously with FeCl3 and ZnCl2 catalysts. Due to the high surface area and unique iron compounds-containing and sheet-like structures, the PCs exhibit an electrochemical capacitance of 315 F g-1 at 0.5 A g-1 as supercapacitor electrodes, and an ultrahigh adsorption capacity of 918 mg g-1 for methylene blue (MB) and 868 mg g-1 for Rhodamine B (RhB). This study provides a new perspective for understanding the effects of surface engineering on increasing charge storage and dye adsorption ability of biomass-derived PCs as well as for developing bi-functional PCs with novel magnetic properties.

Yao|Lei|L| Yang|Jiajia|J| Zhang|Peixin|P| Deng|Libo|L|

Nanosheets
Activated carbon
Dye adsorption
Supercapacitor


Interactions between mammalian cells and nano- or micro-sized wear particles: physico-chemical views against biological approaches.

Abstract: Total joint arthroplasty (TJA) is a more and more frequent approach for the treatment of end-stage osteoarthritis in young and active adults; it successfully relieves joint pain and improves function significantly enhancing the health-related quality of life. Aseptic loosening and other wear-related complications are some of the most recurrent reasons for revision of TJA. This review focuses on current understanding of the biological reactions to prosthetic wear debris comparing in vivo and in vitro results. Mechanisms of interactions of various types of cells with metal, polymeric and ceramic wear particles are summarised. Alternative views based on multidisciplinary approaches are proposed to consider physico-chemical, surface parameters of wear particles (such as: particle size, geometry and charge) and material (particle chemical composition and its nature) with biological effects (cellular responses).

Biological reactions
Wear debris
Morphology
Nanotoxicity
TJR


An Audit of Clinical Studies Involving Elderly Population Registered in Clinical Trials Registry of India.

Abstract:
Context
The elderly in India form a heterogeneous subset of the population with significant disease burden variations. However, there are no data available regarding the type of research studies conducted in an elderly population in India.

Aims
The aim of this study was to analyze the research studies conducted in the elderly population in India based on data from the Clinical Trials Registry of India (CTRI).

Settings and Design
This was an "audit" of available data on the CTRI website.

Participants and Methods
Following exemption from the Institutional Ethics Committee, all studies in the elderly population registered in CTRI from its inception (July 2007 to August 2019) were reviewed. Data captured with respect to geographical distribution, study designs used, therapy area, trial registration, and funding.

Statistical Analysis Used
The variables were analyzed using descriptive statistics using SPSS version 16.0.

Results
Out of a total of 21,400 studies in CTRI, a total of 99 (0.46%) studies involved only elderly patients. Of these studies, 60 (60.6%) were interventional, whereas 39 (39.4%) were observational. Of all the interventional studies, 17 (28%) tested drugs, 26 (43%) tested a lifestyle intervention, and the rest were nutraceuticals, Ayurveda, Yoga and Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha, and Homeopathy, and physiotherapy. Postgraduate theses constituted 60 (60.6%) studies. Eighty-seven (87.9%) were academic projects, eight (8.1%) were government-funded studies, and only four (4%) were pharmaceutical-sponsored studies. The most commonly studied therapy area was the central nervous system, followed by community medicine and orthopedics.

Conclusions
This study depicts the underrepresentation of the geriatric population in clinical studies.

Sharma|Avi Anil|AA|
Karekar|Sonali Rajiv|SR|
Shetty|Yashashri Chandrakant|YC|

Clinical Trials Registry of India
geriatric
vulnerable population


Histopathology-guided management of ocular surface squamous neoplasia with corneal stromal or scleral invasion using ruthenium-106 plaque brachytherapy.

Abstract:
BACKGROUND/AIM
To evaluate the safety and efficacy of ruthenium-106 (Ru-106) plaque brachytherapy in managing invasive ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN).

METHODS
This is a retrospective, non-comparative, interventional case series of 42 eyes with OSSN with histopathologically-proven corneal stromal and/or scleral invasion that underwent Ru-106 plaque brachytherapy. Main outcome measures were tumour regression, eye salvage, final visual acuity, treatment complications and metastasis.

RESULTS
At presentation, the mean tumour basal diameter was 9.3 mm (range 5-26 mm) and thickness 3.1 mm (range 1.5-11 mm). Prior treatment included excision biopsy in two patients (5%), incision biopsy and topical interferon in one each (2%). Following excision with 4 mm clinically clear margins, corneal stromal and/or scleral invasion of OSSN was confirmed in all 42 cases, with the excised base showing invasive squamous cell carcinoma. A total dose of 5000 cGy over a mean duration of 19.7 hours (range 7-41 hours) was provided to an axial depth of 2 mm using Ru-106 surface plaque. Over a mean follow-up of 36.9 months (range 22.3-72 months), complete tumour regression was achieved in all eyes (100%). Two eyes (5%) showed conjunctival tumour growth remote from the site of prior treatment. Visual acuity was maintained at ≥20/200 in 35 eyes (83%), with a loss of >2 Snellen lines in 1 eye (2%). There was no evidence of regional lymph node or systemic metastasis.

CONCLUSION
Histopathology-guided use of Ru-106 surface plaque brachytherapy is a safe and an effective adjuvant therapy in the management of corneal stromal and/or scleral invasion of OSSN.

conjunctiva
eye (globe)
pathology
sclera and episclera


The prediction of cyclic proximal humerus fracture fixation failure by various bone density measures.

Abstract: Fixation of osteoporotic proximal humerus fractures has remained challenging, but may be improved by careful pre-operative planning. The aim of this study was to investigate how well the failure of locking plate fixation of osteoporotic proximal humerus fractures can be predicted by bone density measures assessed with currently available clinical imaging (realistic case) and a higher resolution and quality modality (theoretical best-case). Various density measures were correlated to experimentally assessed number of cycles to construct failure of plated unstable low-density proximal humerus fractures (N = 18). The influence of density evaluation technique was investigated by comparing local (peri-implant) versus global evaluation regions; HR-pQCT-based versus clinical QCT-based image data; ipsilateral versus contralateral side; and bone mineral content (BMC) versus bone mineral density (BMD). All investigated density measures were significantly correlated with the experimental cycles to failure. The best performing clinically feasible parameter was the QCT-based BMC of the contralateral articular cap region, providing significantly better correlation (R2  = 0.53) compared to a previously proposed clinical density measure (R2  = 0.30). BMC had consistently, but not significantly stronger correlations with failure than BMD. The overall best results were obtained with the ipsilateral HR-pQCT-based local BMC (R2  = 0.74) that may be used for implant optimization. Strong correlations were found between the corresponding density measures of the two CT image sources, as well as between the two sides. Future studies should investigate if BMC of the contralateral articular cap region could provide improved prediction of clinical fixation failure compared to previously proposed measures. © 2018 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res.

proximal humerus
fixation failure
bone mineral content
bone mineral density
PHILOS plate


Understanding of plasticity size-effect governed mechanical response and incomplete die filling in a microscale double-punch molding configuration.

Abstract: Direct replication of microscale patterns onto metal surfaces by compression molding with patterned dies is used to fabricate metal-based structures for microsystem applications. Micron scale plasticity governs both the mechanical molding response and the geometric fidelity of replicated patterns. Microscale molding replication offers a technologically relevant example in which various plasticity size effects manifest themselves and control the effectiveness of the fabrication process. Microscale compression molding of a single-crystal Al specimen was studied by combining experimentation with conventional and strain gradient plasticity finite element simulations. In the single-punch molding configuration, single rectangular punches with different widths and lengths were used. In the double-punch configuration, two identically-dimensioned rectangular punches with a spacing in between were used. Under single-punch molding at the micron scale, both the absolute punch width as well as the length-to-width ratio affected the characteristic molding pressure. Under double-punch molding, both the measured characteristic molding pressure and the material flow to fill the gap between the two rectangular punches exhibited a significant dependence on the spacing to punch-width ratio and-when this ratio was fixed-on the absolute spacing between punches. The present study elucidates the impact of plasticity size effects on the efficacy of pattern replication by molding at the micron scale.

Zhang|Bin|B|
Dodaran|Mohammad S|MS|
Shao|Shuai|S|
Choi|J|J|
Park|S|S|
Meng|W J|WJ|

incomplete die filling
strain gradient plasticity
pattern replication
mechanical size effects
micro molding


Pulsed electromagnetic field treatment enhances healing callus biomechanical properties in an animal model of osteoporotic fracture.

Abstract: Delayed bone healing has been noted in osteoporosis patients and in the ovariectomized (OVX) rat model of estrogen-depletion osteopenia. Pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) devices are clinically approved as an adjunct to cervical fusion surgery in patients at high risk for non-fusion and for the treatment of fracture non-unions. These bone growth stimulating devices also accelerate the healing of fresh fracture repair in skeletally mature normal rats but have not been tested for efficacy to accelerate and/or enhance the delayed bone repair process in OVX rats. The current study tested the hypothesis that daily PEMF treatments would improve the fracture healing response in skeletally mature OVX rats. By 6 weeks of healing, PEMF treatments resulted in improved hard callus elastic modulus across fibula fractures normalizing the healing process in OVX rats with respect to this mechanical property. Radiographic evidence showed an improved hard callus bridging across fibula fractures in OVX rats treated with PEMF as compared to sham treatments. These findings provide a scientific rationale for investigating whether PEMF might improve bone-healing responses in at-risk osteoporotic patients.

Androjna|Caroline|C|
Fort|Brian|B|
Zborowski|Maciej|M|
Midura|Ronald J|RJ|

D000818:Animals
D001851:Bone Diseases, Metabolic
D002146:Bony Callus
D004195:Disease Models, Animal
D055119:Elastic Modulus
D005260:Female
D005360:Fibula
D017102:Fracture Healing
D055909:Magnetic Field Therapy
D058866:Osteoporotic Fractures
D010052:Ovariectomy
D011897:Random Allocation
D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
D013997:Time Factors
D055114:X-Ray Microtomography

bone
osteoporosis
PEMF
fracture repair
delayed healing


An evaluation of a progressive high-probability instructional sequence combined with low-probability demand fading in the treatment of food selectivity.

Abstract: Few studies have examined the effects of the high-probability instructional sequence in the treatment of food selectivity, and results of these studies have been mixed (e.g., Dawson et al., 2003; Patel et al., 2007). The present study extended previous research on the high-probability instructional sequence by combining this procedure with low-probability demand fading with 2 boys with autism (9 and 10 years old) who had a history of food selectivity and engaged in active food refusal behaviors when presented with novel foods. Response requirements were faded gradually from responses the child would tolerate (e.g., touching the food) to the final requirement of chewing and swallowing the food. The antecedent-based intervention was implemented in the absence of escape extinction and was effective in increasing food consumption for both participants. Possible mechanisms responsible for the effectiveness of the intervention are discussed along with directions for future research.

D002659:Child Development Disorders, Pervasive

demand fading
food selectivity
high-p instructional sequence
noncompliance


Optimal retraining time for regaining functional fitness using multicomponent training after long-term detraining in older adults.

Abstract:
OBJECTIVES
Little is known about the optimal retraining time for regaining functional fitness through multicomponent training following long-term detraining in older adults. This study first investigated the time course of functional fitness changes during 12-month multicomponent training, 12-month detraining, and 9-month retraining in 18 older adults (68.33±3.46) and then determined the optimal retraining time for regaining the post-training functional fitness level after a 12-month detraining period.

METHODS
Functional fitness, including lower and upper limb strength, lower and upper limb flexibility, aerobic endurance, and dynamic balance, was assessed at baseline, 12 months post-training, 12 months post-detraining, and 3, 6, and 9 months post-retraining.

RESULTS
There were significant increases in all of the functional fitness components except upper limb flexibility at post-training and no significant decreases at post-detraining. For lower and upper limb strength and lower limb flexibility, a 3-month period was required to regain the post-training condition. For aerobic endurance and dynamic balance, a retraining period ≥9months was necessary to regain the post-training functional fitness condition.

CONCLUSIONS
To regain the post-training condition of all functional fitness components, a retraining period ≥9months was required. This information might be useful for health professionals to encourage older adults not to interrupt retraining until they regain their post-training functional fitness condition.

Lee|Minyoung|M| Lim|Taehyun|T| Lee|Jaehyuk|J| Kim|Kimyeong|K| Yoon|BumChul|B|

Retraining
Functional fitness
Multicomponent training
Detraining
Older adults