Acetazolamide in vestibular migraine prophylaxis: a retrospective study.

Abstract: The aim of this study is to check the efficacy of acetazolamide in the prophylaxis of vestibular migraine (VM). Treatment options in VM are mainly based on migraine guidelines. We tried to assess the efficacy of acetazolamide in these patients depending on clinical similarities with episodic ataxia type 2 and familial hemiplegic migraine responding to the drug. This is a retrospective cohort study. Among 50 patients with VM and prescribed acetazolamide 500 mg/day, 39 patients were studied as five had been lost on follow-up and six had stopped taking the drug due to side effects. Vertigo and headache frequency determined by number of attacks per month, and the severity determined by visual analog scales measured in centimeters from 0 to 10 were collected from the records. Initial reported figures for frequency and severity were compared with the results gathered after 3 months of treatment. The results were compared. Acetazolamide was effective in reducing both the frequency and severity of vertigo and headache attacks and this effect was more prominent for vertigo frequency and severity.

Çelebisoy|Neşe|N| Gökçay|Figen|F| Karahan|Ceyda|C| Bilgen|Cem|C| Kirazlı|Tayfun|T| Karapolat|Hale|H| Köse|Timur|T|

Acetazolamide
Vestibular migraine
Prophylaxis


The impact of country reimbursement programmes on living kidney donations.

Abstract:
INTRODUCTION
Living-donor kidney transplantation is the gold standard treatment for patients with end-stage kidney disease. However, potential donors ubiquitously face financial as well as logistical barriers. To remove these disincentives from living kidney donations, the governments of 23 countries have implemented reimbursement programmes that shift the burdens of non-medical costs from donors to the governments or private entities. However, scientific evidence for the effectiveness of these programmes is scarce. The present study investigates whether these reimbursement programmes designed to ease the financial and logistical barriers succeeded in increasing the number of living kidney donations at the country level. The study examined within-country variations in the timing of such reimbursement programmes.

METHOD
The study applied the difference-in-difference (two-way panel fixed-effect) technique on the Poisson distribution to estimate the effects of these reimbursement programmes on a 17 year long (2000-2016) dataset covering 109 countries where living donor kidney transplants were performed.

RESULTS
The results indicated that reimbursement programmes have a statistically significant positive effect. Overall, the model predicted that reimbursement programmes increased country-level donation numbers by a factor of 1.12-1.16.

CONCLUSION
Reimbursement programmes may be an effective approach to alleviate the kidney shortage worldwide. Further analysis is warranted on the type of reimbursement programmes and the ethical dimension of each type of such programmes.

health economics
health policy
other study design


Molecular types of Cryptococcus gattii/Cryptococcus neoformans species complex from clinical and environmental sources in Nairobi, Kenya.

Abstract: Cryptococcal meningitis infections cause high mortality rates among HIV-infected patients in Sub-Saharan Africa. The high incidences of cryptococcal infections may be attributed to common environmental sources which, if identified, could lead to institution of appropriate control strategies. To determine the genotypes of Cryptococcus gattii/C. neoformans- species complex from Nairobi, Kenya, 123 clinical and environmental isolates were characterised. Typing was done using orotidine monophosphate pyrophosphorylase (URA5) gene restriction fragment length polymorphism (URA5-RFLP). The majority of the isolates [105/123; 85.4%] were C. neoformans genotype (AFLPI/VNI) and 1.6% AFLP1A/VNB/VNII, whereas (13%) were C. gattii (AFLP4/VGI). This is the first report on the genotypes of C. gattii/C. neoformans species complex from clinical and environmental sources in Nairobi, Kenya and the isolation of C. gattii genotype AFLP4/VGI from the environment in Kenya.

Kangogo|Mourine|M|
Bader|Oliver|O|
Boga|Hamadi|H|
Wanyoike|Wanjiru|W|
Folba|Claudia|C|
Worasilchai|Navaporn|N|
Weig|Michael|M|
Groß|Uwe|U|
Bii|Christine C|CC|

D012150:Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length

molecular types
Cryptococcus
clinical
Kenya
environment


The quality of primary care in community health centers: comparison among urban, suburban and rural users in Shanghai, China.

Abstract:
OBJECTIVE
Following World Health Organization's initiatives to advance primary care, China put forth forceful policies including the Personal Family Doctor Contract to ensure that every family sign up with a qualified doctor in a community health center (CHC) ever since its 2009 New Health Reform. We used the Johns Hopkins-designed Primary Care Assessment Tool (PCAT) to assess primary care quality experienced by the contracted residents and compare this across different socioeconomic regions.

METHODS
Using a multistage sampling method, four CHCs each were randomly selected from urban, suburban and rural districts of Shanghai, a metropolitan with 24 million residents. ANOVA and Multivariate analyses were used to assess the association between location of CHC and the quality of primary care experience.

FINDINGS
A total of 2404 CHC users completed our survey. Except for the domain of coordination (information systems), users from suburban CHCs reported best primary care experiences in all other domains, followed by users of rural CHCs. After controlling for covariates, suburban CHC users were more likely to report higher total PCAT scores (ß = 1.57, P <  0.001) compared with those from urban CHCs.

CONCLUSION
That contracted residents from suburban CHCs reporting better primary care experience than those from urban CHCs demonstrates the unique value of CHCs in relatively medical-underserved areas. In particular, urban CHCs could further strengthen first contact (utilization), first contact (accessibility), coordination (referral system), comprehensiveness (available), and community orientation aspects of primary care performance. However, all CHCs could improve coordination (information system).

Shi|Jianwei|J| Jin|Hua|H| Shi|Leiyu|L| Chen|Chen|C| Ge|Xuhua|X| Lu|Yuan|Y| Zhang|Hanzhi|H| Wang|Zhaoxin|Z| Yu|Dehua|D|

D002681:China
D003151:Community Health Centers
D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies
D018166:Health Care Reform
D006801:Humans
D011320:Primary Health Care
D011634:Public Health
D011787:Quality of Health Care

Quality
Primary care
Community health centers
PCAT


Implementation of the Cultural Formulation through a newly developed Brief Cultural Interview: Pilot data from the Netherlands.

Abstract: The Outline for a Cultural Formulation (OCF) has remained underutilized in clinical practice since its publication in the DSM-IV in 1994. In the Netherlands, a Cultural Interview (CI) was developed in 2002 as a tool to facilitate use of the OCF in clinical practice. The time needed to conduct the interview, however, prevented its systematic implementation within mental health institutions. This article presents the development of a shortened and adapted version, the Brief Cultural Interview (BCI), and a pilot study on the feasibility, acceptability, and utility of its implementation with refugee and asylum seeking patients in a Dutch centre for transcultural psychiatry. Results show that the brief version scores better on feasibility and acceptability, while utility for clinical practice remains similar to that of the original CI. These results support the systematic use of the OCF in psychiatric care for a culturally diverse patient population through the application of a relatively brief cultural interview. A secondary finding of the study is that patients' cultural identity was considered by clinicians to be more relevant in the treatment planning sessions than their illness explanations.

Groen|Simon P N|SP|
Richters|Annemiek|A|
Laban|Cornelis J|CJ|
Devillé|Walter L J M|WL|

implementation
cultural formulation
interview
clinical assessment


Subclinical myocardial dysfunction in patients recovered from COVID-19.

Abstract:
BACKGROUND
Myocardial injury (MI) can be detected during the acute phase of Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) and is associated with a dismal prognosis. Recent imaging studies described the persistence of cardiac abnormalities after the recovery. The aim of the study was to investigate the spectrum of cardiac abnormalities at mid-term follow-up in patients recovered from COVID-19 using clinical assessment, laboratory tests, and imaging evaluation with comprehensive echocardiography.

METHODS
This is an observational, cross-sectional study assessing an unselected cohort of consecutive patients recovered from COVID-19. MI was defined by elevated plasma levels of high sensitive troponin T (hsTnT). At the follow-up, a complete examination including echocardiography was performed.

RESULTS
The 123 patients included were divided into two groups according to the presence of MI during hospitalization: group A (without MI) and group B (with MI). After a median of 85 days, group B patients were more frequently symptomatic for dyspnea and had significantly higher values of hsTnT and N-Terminal prohormone of Brain Natriuretic Peptide (NT-proBNP), compared to Group A. No differences between the two groups in left nor right ventricle dimension and ejection fraction were found. However, in group B a significant reduction of mean left ventricle global longitudinal strain was observed (-15.7±.7 vs -18.1± .3 in group A, p < 0.001), together with higher frequency of impaired diastolic function and higher values of pulmonary pressure.

CONCLUSIONS
In patients recovered from COVID-19, echocardiography with speckle-tracking analysis may be an useful imaging tool to identify subclinical myocardial dysfunction and potentially guide management strategies.

COVID-19
echocardiography
strain
heart failure
myocarditis


Relative Contributions of Different Lifestyle Factors to Health-Related Quality of Life in the Elderly.

Abstract: Much of the previous literature has studied the relationship between individual lifestyle factors and the health-related quality of life (HRQOL). However, only a few studies combined them to explore their relative importance to the HRQOL in the elderly. This study assesses the HRQOL of the urban, rural, and institutionalized Chinese elderly and explores the relative contributions of different lifestyle factors to their HRQOL. The SF-36v2 Health Survey, the WHOQOL-OLD module, and the socio-demographic and lifestyle questionnaire were utilized in this study. Hierarchical regression was performed in order to analyze the results. The physical and mental component scores of the SF-36v2 survey were 47.05 ± 9.95 and 54.92 ± 9.92, respectively. The total score for the WHOQOL-OLD module was 73.01 ± 11.99, with institutionalized persons reporting lower scores. For the physical component of the elderly participants' HRQOL, the R² value changed the most (0.116) when exercise-and-labor-related factors were added in. For the mental component, sleep-related (0.054), and leisure-time-activity-related factors (0.053) caused the largest change of the R² value. For the elderly-specific HRQOL, measured by the WHOQOL-OLD module, the leisure-time-activity-related factors caused the largest change in the R² value (0.119), followed by exercise-and-labor-related factors (0.078). Heterogeneity was present among the three subgroups. In sum, compared with their community-dwelling counterparts, the HRQOL of institutionalized older people was relatively poor and different lifestyle factors contributed to the HRQOL differently.

Zhang|Xiaona|X| Xia|Ruyi|R| Wang|Shu|S| Xue|Wei|W| Yang|Jian|J| Sun|Shuliu|S| Zhuang|Guihua|G|

D000073216:Mental Status and Dementia Tests

lifestyle
health-related quality of life
the SF-36v2 Health Survey
the WHOQOL-OLD module
hierarchical regression
older people


Evaluation and Management of Arterial Thoracic Outlet Syndrome.

Abstract: Arterial thoracic outlet syndrome is rare and may be associated with a bony anomaly. Patient presentation can range from mild arm discoloration and claudication to severe limb-threatening ischemia. For patients with subclavian artery dilation without secondary complications, thoracic outlet decompression and arterial surveillance is sufficient. Patients with subclavian artery aneurysms or distal embolization require decompression with reconstruction or thromboembolectomy and distal bypass respectively.

Arterial thoracic outlet syndrome
Subclavian artery aneurysm
Cervical rib


Bibliometric analysis of output and impact based on CRIS data: a case study on the registered output of a Dutch university.

Abstract: In this study we combine the registered output of a whole university in the Netherlands with data retrieved from the Web of Science. The initial research question was: is it possible to show the impact of the university in its' full broadness, taking into account the variety of disciplines covered in the research profile of the university? In order to answer this question, we analyzed the output of the university as registered in the CRIS system METIS, over the years 2004-2009. The registration covers a wide variety of scholarly outputs, and these are all taken into account in the analysis. In the study we conduct analyses on the coverage of the output of the university, both from the perspective of the output itself, towards the Web of Science ("external"), as well as from the Web of Science perspective itself ("internal"). This provides us with the necessary information to be able to draw clear conclusions on the validity of the usage of standard bibliometric methodologies in the research assessment of universities with such a research profile.

van Leeuwen|Thed N|TN|
van Wijk|Erik|E|
Wouters|Paul F|PF|

Bibliometric analysis
CRIS system
Non WoS citation impact analysis
Research impact assessment


Micro- and nanofabrication of chitosan structures for regenerative engineering.

Abstract: Repair and regeneration of human tissues and organs using biomaterials, cells and/or growth factors is the ultimate goal of tissue engineers. One of the grand challenges in this field is to closely mimic the structures and properties of native tissues. Regenerative engineering-the convergence of tissue engineering with advanced materials science, stem cell science, and developmental biology-represents the next valuable tool to overcome the challenges. This article reviews the recent progress in developing advanced chitosan structures using various fabrication techniques. These chitosan structures, together with stem cells and functional biomolecules, may provide a robust platform to gain insight into cell-biomaterial interactions and may function as excellent artificial extracellular matrices to regenerate complex human tissues and biological systems.

Jiang|Tao|T|
Deng|Meng|M|
James|Roshan|R|
Nair|Lakshmi S|LS|
Laurencin|Cato T|CT|

D020136:Hydrogel, Polyethylene Glycol Dimethacrylate

Nanofabrication
Chitosan
Regenerative engineering
Microfabrication


The Impact of Environmental Mn Exposure on Insect Biology.

Abstract: Manganese (Mn) is an essential trace element that acts as a metal co-factor in diverse biochemical and cellular functions. However, chronic environmental exposure to high levels of Mn is a well-established risk factor for the etiology of severe, atypical parkinsonian syndrome (manganism) via its accumulation in the basal ganglia, pallidum, and striatum brain regions, which is often associated with abnormal dopamine, GABA, and glutamate neural signaling. Recent studies have indicated that chronic Mn exposure at levels that are below the risk for manganism can still cause behavioral, cognitive, and motor dysfunctions via poorly understood mechanisms at the molecular and cellular levels. Furthermore, in spite of significant advances in understanding Mn-induced behavioral and neuronal pathologies, available data are primarily for human and rodents. In contrast, the possible impact of environmental Mn exposure on brain functions and behavior of other animal species, especially insects and other invertebrates, remains mostly unknown both in the laboratory and natural habitats. Yet, the effects of environmental exposure to metals such as Mn on insect development, physiology, and behavior could also have major indirect impacts on human health via the long-term disruptions of food webs, as well as direct impact on the economy because of the important role insects play in crop pollination. Indeed, laboratory and field studies indicate that chronic exposures to metals such as Mn, even at levels that are below what is currently considered toxic, affect the dopaminergic signaling pathway in the insect brain, and have a major impact on the behavior of insects, including foraging activity of important pollinators such as the honey bee. Together, these studies highlight the need for a better understanding of the neuronal, molecular, and genetic processes that underlie the toxicity of Mn and other metal pollutants in diverse animal species, including insects.

insects
manganese
manganism
dopamine
Apis mellifera
Drosophila melanogaster
arthropoda


Montelukast suppresses epithelial to mesenchymal transition of bronchial epithelial cells induced by eosinophils.

Abstract: Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a mechanism by which eosinophils can induce airway remodeling. Montelukast, an antagonist of the cysteinyl leukotriene receptor, can suppress airway remodeling in asthma. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether montelukast can ameliorate airway remodeling by blocking EMT induced by eosinophils. EMT induced was assessed using a co-culture system of human bronchial epithelial cells and human eosinophils or the eosinophilic leukemia cell lines, Eol-1. Montelukast inhibited co-culture associated morphological changes of BEAS-2b cells, decreased the expression of vimentin and collagen I, and increased the expression of E-cadherin. Montelukast mitigated the rise of TGF-β1 production and Smad3 phosphorylation. Co-culture of human eosinophils with BEAS-2B cells significantly enhanced the production of CysLTs compared with BEAS-2B cells or eosinophils alone. The increase of CysLTs was abolished by montelukast pre-treatment. Montelukast had similar effects when co-culture system of Eol-1 and BEAS-2B was used. This study showed that montelukast suppresses eosinophils-induced EMT of airway epithelial cells. This finding may explain the mechanism of montelukast-mediated amelioration of airway remodeling in bronchial asthma.

D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1

Montelukast
Epithelial to mesenchymal transition
Eosinophils
Airway remodeling
Cysteinyl leukotrienes
Asthma


Effect of ultrasonic irradiation on the properties and performance of biodiesel produced from date seed oil used in the diesel engine.

Abstract: In the present study, the effect of ultrasound irradiation on the transesterification parameters, biodiesel properties, and its combustion profiles in the diesel engine was investigated. Moreover, date seed oil (DSO) was firstly utilized in the ultrasound-assisted transesterification reaction. DSO was extracted from Zahidi type date (Phoenix dactylifera) and was esterified to reduce its Free Fatty Acid (FFA) content. Biodiesel yield was optimized in both heating methods, so that the yield of 96.4% (containing 93.5% ester) at 60 °C, with 6 M ratio of methanol/oil, 1 wt% of catalyst (NaOH) and at 90 min of reaction time was reported. The ultrasound irradiation did not influence the reaction conditions except reaction time, reduced to 5 min (96.9% yield and 91.9% ester). The ultrasonic irradiation also influenced on the physicochemical properties of DSO biodiesel and improved its combustion in the diesel engine. The analysis results related to the engine and gas emission confirmed that the ultrasound-assisted produced biodiesel has lower density and viscosity, and higher oxygen content facilitating injection of fuel in the engine chamber and its combustion, respectively. Although, B40 (biodiesel blend consisting of 40% biodiesel and 60% net diesel fuel) as a blend of both fuels presented higher CO2 and lower CO and HC in the emissions, the DSO biodiesel produced by ultrasound irradiation presented better specifications (caused about 2-fold improvement in emissions than that of conventional method). The findings of the study confirmed the positive effect of the ultrasound irradiation on the properties of the produced biodiesel along with its combustion properties in the diesel engine, consequently reducing air pollution problems.

Allami|Hassanian Abdolkarim|HA|
Tabasizadeh|Mohammad|M|
Rohani|Abbas|A|
Nayebzadeh|Hamed|H|
Farzad|Abdolali|A|

Ultrasonic irradiation
Biodiesel
Date seed oil (DSO)
Optimization
Engine Performance
Exhaust emissions


Influence of methanol/sorbitol co-feeding rate on pAOX1 induction in a Pichia pastoris Mut+ strain in bioreactor with limited oxygen transfer rate.

Abstract: High Pichia pastoris biomass density could be obtained using high co-feeding rate of methanol and sorbitol in a fed-batch or continuous culture, while further higher feeding rate finally leads to oxygen limitation in bioreactor. In the literature, there is lack of report about AOX1 promoter regulation with regard to dissolved oxygen level (DO). Therefore, in this work, chemostat cultures were performed to investigate the cell growth, metabolism and regulation of the AOX1 promoter (pAOX1) regarding co-feeding rate of optimized methanol/sorbitol mixture (methanol fraction 0.60 C-mol/C-mol) using a P. pastoris Mut+/pAOX1-lacZ strain. The oxygen transfer rates (OTR) in bioreactor were kept in the range of typical values of large bioreactor, i.e., 4-8 g/(L h) if DO equals 30 % saturation or 5-10 g/(L h) if DO nears zero. For DO >0, an increase of the carbon fed led to an increase of pAOX1 induction. By contrast, when dissolved oxygen was completely depleted, methanol accumulated, causing a 30 % decrease of pAOX1 induction. However, this decrease is more likely to be lined to methanol accumulation than to low level of dissolved oxygen (<4 % DO). Methanol/sorbitol co-feeding allowed cells to adapt to oxygen transient limitations that often occur at industrial scale with reduced effect on pAOX1 induction. The optimal feeding rate tested here was 6.6 mmol C (DCW h)(-1) at an OTR of 8.28 g O2(L h)(-1) with over fivefold pAOX1 induction (probably directly associated with target protein productivity) compared with previous work.

Carly|F|F| Niu|H|H| Delvigne|F|F| Fickers|P|P|

pAOX1
Pichia pastoris
Chemostat
Methanol/sorbitol feeding
Process optimization


Adherence to self-care behavior and glycemic effects using structured education.

Abstract:
AIMS/INTRODUCTION
The purpose of the present study was to examine glycemic control in suboptimally controlled type 2 diabetes provided by a structured education group using the Diabetes Conversation Map™ (CM™) vs usual care in a university-based hospital primary care clinic.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
This was a randomized, pragmatic clinical trial. Patients with type 2 diabetes were randomly assigned to structured education or usual care groups. The primary outcome was the difference in the mean change of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) from baseline to 12 months. Secondary outcomes included the percentage achieving therapeutic HbA1c goal and self-behavioral changes.

RESULTS
A total of 245 patients were randomly assigned to two groups (CM™ group n = 121; usual care group, n = 116). The absolute reduction of HbA1c was significantly greater in the CM™ group at 3 and 6 months (Δ = -0.59% and Δ = -1.13%, P < 0.01), but the difference was no longer statistically significant at 9 and 12 months (Δ = -0.43% and Δ = -0.49%), based on an intention-to-treat analysis. A per-protocol analysis showed the significant change was maintained at 12 months (Δ = -0.67%). In the intervention group, greater percentages of patients achieved their American Association of Diabetes Educators Self-Care Behaviours™ framework (AADE7) behavioral goals at 3 months, in particular being active, problem-solving, reducing risk and health coping.

CONCLUSIONS
In type 2 diabetic patients with suboptimally controlled glucose, there were greater improvements in glucose control and self-care behavioral goals in those who underwent the CM™ education program compared with outcomes achieved in patients receiving usual care.

Yang|Yi-Sun|YS| Wu|Yueh-Chu|YC| Lu|Ying-Li|YL| Kornelius|Edy|E| Lin|Yu-Tze|YT| Chen|Yu-Ju|YJ| Li|Ching-Lu|CL| Hsiao|Hui-Wen|HW| Peng|Chiung-Huei|CH| Huang|Chien-Ning|CN|

Self-care behavior
Structured education
Diabetes conversation map


A randomized comparative evaluation of clinical and home application to investigate the effectiveness of silver nitrate (AgNO3 ) (95%) for the treatment of verruca pedis.

Abstract:
OBJECTIVE
To investigate the clinical effectiveness of silver nitrate (95%) for the treatment of verruca pedis comparing professional and self-application treatments.

METHODS
A single-centre, two-armed randomized evaluation was conducted at a University podiatry clinic. A total of 113 participants (101 analysed) with verruca pedis were included. Participants were randomized to either a clinical group, where silver nitrate was applied by a healthcare professional or a home group, where silver nitrate was self-applied. The main outcome measure was post-treatment pain, controlling for pre-treatment pain, and resolution of the verruca. Secondary outcome measures were participant satisfaction, partial reduction in the verruca and ease of use of the product.

KEY FINDINGS
The study showed no significant difference between home treatment and clinically applied treatment for the treatment of verruca pedis in either primary outcome; however, a substantive difference in resolution between groups was recorded, with 34.0% full resolution and 26.4% partial resolution in the clinical treatment group, and 18.8% full resolution and 37.5% partial resolution in the home treatment group. Participants widely reported general ease of use of the product. All participants reported a reduction in pain as a result of the intervention.

CONCLUSION
Silver nitrate has been shown to be a safe and effective treatment for verruca pedis, with equal success rates when compared between home and clinical applications.

silver nitrate
verruca pedis
randomized evaluation
warts


Conserved signatures indicate HIV-1 transmission is under strong selection and thus is not a "stochastic" process.

Abstract: Recently, Oberle et al. published a paper in Retrovirology evaluating the question of whether selection plays a role in HIV transmission. The Oberle study found no obvious genotypic or phenotypic differences between donors and recipients of epidemiologically linked pairs from the Swiss cohort. Thus, Oberle et al. characterized HIV-1 B transmission as largely "stochastic", an imprecise and potentially misleading term. Here, we re-analyzed their data and placed them in the context of transmission data for over 20 other human and animal trials. The present study finds that the transmitted/founder (T/F) viruses from the Swiss cohort show the same non-random genetic signatures conserved in 118 HIV-1, 40 SHIV, and 12 SIV T/F viruses previously published by two independent groups. We provide alternative interpretations of the Swiss cohort data and conclude that the sequences of their donor viruses lacked variability at the specific sites where other studies were able to demonstrate genotypic selection. Oberle et al. observed no phenotypic selection in vitro, so the problem of determining the in vivo phenotypic mechanisms that cause genotypic selection in HIV remains open.

Gonzalez|Mileidy|M|0000-0002-2021-1046
DeVico|Anthony L|AL|
Spouge|John L|JL|

T/F
Phenotypic versus genotypic selection
Selection during HIV transmission
Transmission signatures
Transmitted/founder virus


Direct or subacute coronary angiography in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (DISCO)-An initial pilot-study of a randomized clinical trial.

Abstract:
BACKGROUND
The clinical importance of immediate coronary angiography, with potentially subsequent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) patients without ST-elevation on the ECG is unclear. In this study, we assessed feasibility and safety aspects of performing immediate coronary angiography in a pre-specified pilot phase of the 'DIrect or Subacute Coronary angiography in Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest' (DISCO) randomized controlled trial (ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT02309151).

METHODS
Resuscitated bystander witnessed OHCA patients >18 years without ST-elevation on the ECG were randomized to immediate coronary angiography versus standard of care. Event times, procedure related adverse events and safety variables within 7 days were recorded.

RESULTS
In total, 79 patients were randomized to immediate angiography (n = 39) or standard of care (n = 40). No major differences in baseline characteristics between the groups were found. There were no differences in the proportion of bleedings and renal failure. Three patients randomized to immediate angiography and six patients randomized to standard care died within 24 h. The median time from EMS arrival to coronary angiography was 135 min in the immediate angiography group. In patients randomized to immediate angiography a culprit lesion was found in 14/38 (36.8%) and PCI was performed in all these patients. In 6/40 (15%) patients randomized to standard of care, coronary angiography was performed before the stipulated 3 days.

CONCLUSION
In this out-of-hospital cardiac arrest population without ST-elevation, randomization to a strategy to perform immediate coronary angiography was feasible although the time window of 120 min from EMS arrival at the scene of the arrest to start of coronary angiography was not achieved. No significant safety issues were reported.

Elfwén|Ludvig|L|
Lagedal|Rickard|R|
Nordberg|Per|P|
James|Stefan|S|
Oldgren|Jonas|J|
Böhm|Felix|F|
Lundgren|Peter|P|
Rylander|Christian|C|
van der Linden|Jan|J|
Hollenberg|Jacob|J|
Erlinge|David|D|
Cronberg|Tobias|T|
Jensen|Ulf|U|
Friberg|Hans|H|
Lilja|Gisela|G|
Larsson|Ing-Marie|IM|
Wallin|Ewa|E|
Rubertsson|Sten|S|
Svensson|Leif|L|

Coronary angiography
Out-of-hospital
Cardiac arrest
Percutaneous coronary intervention


Is Dental Utilization Associated with Oral Health Literacy?

Abstract: The objectives of this study were to examine the pattern of association between dental utilization and oral health literacy (OHL). As part of the Carolina Oral Health Literacy Project, clients in the Women, Infants, and Children's Special Supplemental Nutrition Program completed a structured 30-min in-person interview conducted by 2 trained interviewers at 9 sites in 7 counties in North Carolina. Data were collected on clients' OHL, sociodemographics, dental utilization, self-efficacy, and dental knowledge. The outcome, OHL, was measured with a dental word recognition test (30-item Rapid Estimate of Adult Literacy in Dentistry). Descriptive and multiple linear regression methods were used to examine the distribution of OHL and its association with covariates. After adjusting for age, education, race, marital status, self-efficacy, and dental knowledge, multiple linear regression showed that dental utilization was not a significant predictor of OHL (P > 0.05). Under the conditions of this study, dental utilization was not a significant predictor of OHL.

Burgette|J M|JM|
Lee|J Y|JY|
Baker|A D|AD|
Vann|W F|WF|

D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice

Medicaid
access to health care
cohort studies
communication
dental care
health services research


Characterization of personal solar ultraviolet radiation exposure using detrended fluctuation analysis.

Abstract: Studies of personal solar ultraviolet radiation (pUVR) exposure are important to identify populations at-risk of excess and insufficient exposure given the negative and positive health impacts, respectively, of time spent in the sun. Electronic UVR dosimeters measure personal solar UVR exposure at high frequency intervals generating large datasets. Sophisticated methods are needed to analyze these data. Previously, wavelet transform (WT) analysis was applied to high-frequency personal recordings collected by electronic UVR dosimeters. Those findings showed scaling behavior in the datasets that changed from uncorrelated to long-range correlated with increasing duration of time spent in the sun. We hypothesized that the WT slope would be influenced by the duration of time that a person spends in continuum outside. In this study, we address this hypothesis by using an experimental study approach. We aimed to corroborate this hypothesis and to characterize the extent and nature of influence time a person spends outside has on the shape of statistical functions that we used to analyze individual UVR exposure patterns. Detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA) was applied to personal sun exposure data. We analyzed sun exposure recordings from skiers (on snow) and hikers in Europe, golfers in New Zealand and outdoor workers in South Africa. Results confirmed validity of the DFA superposition rule for assessment of pUVR data and showed that pUVR scaling is determined by personal patterns of exposure on lower scales. We also showed that this dominance ends at the range of time scales comparable to the maximal duration of continuous exposure to solar UVR during the day; in this way the superposition rule can be used to quantify behavioral patterns, particularly accurate if it is determined on WT curves. These findings confirm a novel way in which large datasets of personal UVR data may be analyzed to inform messaging regarding safe sun exposure for human health.

Blesić|Suzana M|SM|
du Preez|D Jean|DJ|
Stratimirović|Djordje I|DI|
Ajtić|Jelena V|JV|
Ramotsehoa|M Cynthia|MC|
Allen|Martin W|MW|
Wright|Caradee Y|CY|

Solar ultraviolet radiation exposure
Environmental health
Personal dosimetry
Statistical analysis


Corrosion Prediction with Parallel Finite Element Modeling for Coupled Hygro-Chemo Transport into Concrete under Chloride-Rich Environment.

Abstract: The prediction of the chloride-induced corrosion is very important because of the durable life of concrete structure. To simulate more realistic durability performance of concrete structures, complex scientific methods and more accurate material models are needed. In order to predict the robust results of corrosion initiation time and to describe the thin layer from concrete surface to reinforcement, a large number of fine meshes are also used. The purpose of this study is to suggest more realistic physical model regarding coupled hygro-chemo transport and to implement the model with parallel finite element algorithm. Furthermore, microclimate model with environmental humidity and seasonal temperature is adopted. As a result, the prediction model of chloride diffusion under unsaturated condition was developed with parallel algorithms and was applied to the existing bridge to validate the model with multi-boundary condition. As the number of processors increased, the computational time decreased until the number of processors became optimized. Then, the computational time increased because the communication time between the processors increased. The framework of present model can be extended to simulate the multi-species de-icing salts ingress into non-saturated concrete structures in future work.

coupled hygro-chemo
diffusion
concrete degradation
parallel finite element method


Factors Influencing the Willingness of Universities' Business Management Departments to Implement Online Entrepreneurship Program and Its Effectiveness.

Abstract: With the steady increase and popularization of innovations and applications on the Internet, more and more people are searching for and purchasing products online. The boom in e-commerce stimulates opportunities in online entrepreneurship. However, the risks and failure rate for online entrepreneurship are relatively high. Therefore, some universities are standardizing the implementation of online entrepreneurship programs (OEPs) with the aim of equipping students with knowledge for online entrepreneurship through instruction and practical methods to increase the chance of successful online entrepreneurship and also enhance the professional image of the department. The main purpose of the present study is to explore the key influencing factors affecting the willingness of universities' department of business administration to implement OEP and its effectiveness. Using the technology-organization-environment (TOE) framework by Tornatzky and Fleischer (1990), the Innovation Diffusion Theory (IDT) by Rogers (1983), and the OEP characteristics as the foundation, the present study developed a model to analyze and elucidate the key factors for OEP implementation willingness and OEP effectiveness. Survey data were collected from teachers at universities' business management departments, and structural equation modeling (smartPLS) was utilized to verify the research model and hypothesis. The present study found that integrating the TOE framework and the IDT can be used to analyze the key factors influencing OEP implementation willingness and its effectiveness at universities' business management departments. When implementing the implementation of OEP, business management departments at universities need to take into account factors from three contexts: innovation, organization, and environment. Innovative factors greatly influence the willingness of departments to implement OEP, but organizational and environmental factors have a greater influence on the effectiveness of OEP implementation. The results of the present study will enable academia and education practitioners to better understand how to implement OEP and achieve results in the context of business education at universities.

the effectiveness of online entrepreneurship program

universities’ business management departments

willingness to implement online entrepreneurship program


An occurrence of neurotoxic shellfish poisoning by consumption of gastropods contaminated with brevetoxins.

Abstract: Brevetoxins were confirmed in urine specimens from patients diagnosed with neurotoxic shellfish poisoning (NSP) after consumption of gastropods that were recreationally harvested from an area previously affected by a Karenia brevis bloom. Several species of gastropods (Triplofusus giganteus, Sinistrofulgur sinistrum, Cinctura hunteria, Strombus alatus, Fulguropsis spirata) and one clam (Macrocallista nimbosa) from the NSP implicated gastropod collection area (Jewfish Key, Sarasota Bay, Florida) were examined for brevetoxins using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). All gastropods and the clam were contaminated with brevetoxins. Composite B-type toxin concentrations in gastropods ranged from 1.1 to 198 μg BTX-3 equiv./g by ELISA, levels likely capable of causing NSP in consumers. Several brevetoxin metabolites previously characterized in molluscan shellfish were identified in these gastropods. Brevetoxin analog profiles by ELISA were similar in the gastropod species examined. This work documents the occurrence of NSP through consumption of a type of seafood not typically monitored in Florida to protect human health, demonstrating the need to better assess and communicate the risk of NSP to gastropod harvesters in Karenia brevis endemic areas.

Abraham|Ann|A|
Flewelling|Leanne J|LJ|
El Said|Kathleen R|KR|
Odom|William|W|
Geiger|Stephen P|SP|
Granholm|April A|AA|
Jackson|Jennifer T|JT|
Bodager|Dean|D|

Neurotoxic shellfish poisoning
Gastropods
Brevetoxin
Monitoring


Blandin and Nuhn mucocele in a pediatric patient.

Abstract: Oral mucoceles are benign lesions that may appear in any location on the mucosal surfaces of the oral cavity where underlying minor salivary glands are found. The lower lip is the most frequently affected and the most widely reported location. Mucoceles involving the glands of Blandin and Nuhn are infrequent and constitute only about 1.9%-10.3% of the reported cases. Superficial mucoceles are a rare subtype of the Blandin and Nuhn mucoceles and are found only in 4.3%-10% of the mucocele excisions. The purpose of this report is to present a case of a superficial mucocele in the ventral surface of the tongue in a 7-year-old child. The lesion was treated with excisional biopsy.

Jose|Sherin C|SC|
Abraham|K Korath|KK|
Khosla|Ektah|E|


Current Status of Helicobacter pylori Diagnosis and Eradication Therapy in Japan Using a Nationwide Database.

Abstract:
BACKGROUND
Helicobacter pylori infection increases the risk of stomach cancer; therefore, eradication therapy is recommended for infected individuals. Although several methods are recommended for the diagnosis and therapy of H. pylori infection, their frequency and effectiveness have not been fully investigated in Japan.

METHODS
A nationwide claims database including >1.6 million patients (April 2008 - -October 2016) in Japan was utilized. We analyzed the distribution of methods for H. pylori diagnosis and therapy, waiting period between eradication and diagnostic test, and success rate of primary therapy.

RESULTS
Data for 481,041 patients were extracted. After primary eradication therapy, urea breath test was used for >80% of diagnoses, and antibody measurement for 0.7%. The success rate of primary eradication was >80% for most diagnostic methods and 69.0% for antibody measurement; inappropriately-timed antibody measurement may have contributed to this disparity. The overall success rate of eradication therapy decreased from 2011 to 2014, but increased from 2015, coinciding with launch of the potassium-competitive acid blocker vonoprazan, which showed a higher success rate of eradication than proton-pump inhibitors.

CONCLUSIONS
Diagnostic tests of H. pylori infection mostly followed Japanese Society for Helicobacter Research guidance, although some antibody measurements were timed inappropriately. Vonoprazan appears to increase the success rate of primary therapy.

Helicobacter pylori
Eradication therapy
Diagnostic test
Claims data
Drug resistance


Microfilaruria by Dirofilaria immitis in a dog: a rare clinical pathological finding.

Abstract: A 6-year-old Labrador with history of hyperpnea, respiratory distress, ascites and paraparesis, presented Dirofilaria immitis microfilariae in the blood smear, cytology of the abdominal fluid and urine. The positive samples were confirmed by multiplex-PCR (COI gene) and sequencing, and presented 98% homology to D. immitis (GenBank accession nos. KC107805.1, EU159111.1, EU163945.1, DQ358815.1, and AJ537512-1). Based on the presented results and the physiopathology of the heartworm disease, molecular techniques may be helpful and accurate in the diagnosis of the disease in vertebrates, and microfilaruria, even uncommon, should be considered on a renal failure evaluation.

Monobe|Marina Mitie|MM|
da Silva|Rodrigo Costa|RC|
Araujo Junior|João Pessoa|JP|
Takahira|Regina Kiomi|RK|

Microfilaruria
Dog
Heartworm disease
Molecular techniques


Factors That Influence Participation in Physical Activity in School-Aged Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review from the Social Ecological Model Perspective.

Abstract: High prevalence of physical inactivity and obesity in children and adolescents has become a global problem. This systematic review aimed to examine the existing literature regarding the factors that influence participation in physical activity (PA) in children and adolescents with reference to the social ecological model (SEM) proposed by McLeroy et al. (1988). The SEM provides a framework under which the influencing factors are categorized into five levels: intrapersonal, interpersonal, organizational, community, and public policy. A systematic search of relevant literature published before July 2020 was conducted through Ebsco, ProQuest, PubMed Central, Scopus, and Web of Science. A total of fourteen studies met the inclusion criteria. The selected articles were all of high quality as assessed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (2018). The results indicated that gender, age, ethnicity, and self-concept were the most common influencing factors at the intrapersonal level. At the interpersonal and organization levels, supports from friends, parents, and teachers were positive predictors of students' PA participation. Accessibility of facilities and safe neighborhoods was a crucial factor that influenced children and adolescents' participation in PA at the community level. Future studies on the effective types of policies or practices that could successfully promote facilities' accessibility and improve neighborhood safety are required. The outcomes of this systematic review are expected to inform practice and support the development and implementation of sound policies for the promotion of PA participation in children or adolescents from a comprehensive social ecological viewpoint.

physical activity
children and adolescents
social ecological model
participation in sport and exercise


Women's views and experiences of having their mental health needs considered in the perinatal period.

Abstract:
OBJECTIVE
To explore women's views and experiences of having their mental health needs considered in the perinatal period in an Irish maternity hospital setting.

DESIGN
A qualitative design using semi-structured interviews was used to explore women's views and experiences. Data were analysed using Thematic Analysis (Braun and Clarke, 2006).

SETTING
A voluntary maternity hospital in Dublin, Ireland which had access to a perinatal mental health team.

PARTICIPANTS
In total 8 women who met the inclusion criteria were recruited and participated in this study. The women were interviewed in the early postpartum period.

FINDINGS
The study offers important insights into how women feel about having their mental health needs considered in the perinatal period. Women reported pregnancy was an emotional time, feeling expected to be happy, and women with significant mental health histories preferred not to be referred to available services unless they asked for help. Women reported barriers to disclosure including stigma/shame, lack of time. Screening tools were viewed with mixed opinions. In getting help, the baby was a motivator for some women, attitudes of healthcare professionals and lack of time affected this.

KEY CONCLUSIONS
Women appreciated all methods of enquiry about their mental health and being given time to discuss concerns with healthcare professionals. Perceived busy staff workloads was a barrier in asking for help, as was lack of continuity of care. Screening tools were viewed as a tick box exercise, but also as a 'modality' to assist detection of women at risk. Mental health enquiry focused on depression and anxiety, with little or no enquiry about less common disorders. Women with significant histories were less likely to engage or accept referral to perinatal mental health services, preferring to access help if they felt they needed to.

IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE
HCPs should enquire regularly about women's emotional wellbeing at every antenatal and postnatal contact, offering support where required. Detailed enquiry about mental health should encompass the broad spectrum of perinatal mental health problems, including but not limited to depression and anxiety. Screening tools can assist in the identification of women at risk of developing perinatal mental health problems. A specialist mental health midwife should link with high-risk women at the first antenatal booking visit and provide information on early intervention and access to services.

Perinatal mental health
Screening
Qualitative research
Women's experiences


Optical coherence tomography angiography in quiescent choroidal neovascularization associated with choroidal nevus: 5 years follow-up.

Abstract:
PURPOSE
To report a case of quiescent choroidal neovascularization (CNV) associated with choroidal nevus using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) during 5 years follow-up.

METHODS
Observational case report.

RESULTS
A 53-year old woman was referred our department with diagnosis of choroidal nevus. At 1 year follow-up, fundus autofluorescence revealed hyper/hypoautofluorescent area, infrared image showed hyperreflective area and enhanced depth imaging OCT presented a shallow pigment epithelium detachment without exudation or hemorrhage. Fluorescein angiography and indocyanine green angiography suspected the presence of CNV. Finally, OCTA confirmed a quiescent CNV with an increased flow area of the vascular lesion without any changes in best-corrected visual acuity. At 20 months and 5 years follow-up, the CNV remained quiescent showing no clinical activity on structural SD-OCT and no changes in CNV morphology on OCTA.

CONCLUSION
This case shows the features of quiescent CNV secondary to choroidal nevus after long-term follow-up. OCTA represents a valid imaging technique that allows to identify the CNV and to monitor its progression over time.


Decrease in fasting insulin secretory function correlates with significant liver fibrosis in Japanese non-alcoholic fatty liver disease patients.

Abstract:
Background and Aim
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is typically associated with metabolic syndrome and diabetes, and insulin resistance is involved in its pathogenesis. However, the relationship between insulin secretion and NAFLD is unclear. We aimed to characterize the relationship between fasting insulin secretory function (ISF), evaluated using the homeostatic model assessment-beta cell function (HOMA-β) and the severity of fibrosis during NAFLD.

Methods
A-β was calculated in 188 patients with biopsy-confirmed NAFLD, and the correlations between Log HOMA-β and clinical parameters, including hepatic fibrosis, were calculated.

Results
Log HOMA-β was significantly lower in NAFLD patients with significant fibrosis (stages 2-4) than in those in the early stages (stages 0-1) (median [interquartile range]) (2.1 [1.9-2.4] vs 2.0 [1.8-2.2], P = 0.04). The prevalence of significant fibrosis decreased with increasing Log HOMA-β: it was 59.2% in participants with low ISF (Log HOMA-β < 1.85), 43.6% in those with intermediate ISF (1.85 ≤ Log HOMA-β < 2.25), and 68.0% in those with high ISF (Log HOMA-β ≥ 2.25). Patients with lower Log HOMA-β had lower current body mass index (BMI), BMI at 20 years of age, and peak lifetime BMI than patients with intermediate or high Log HOMA-β.

Conclusions
Fasting ISF decreased alongside the development of liver fibrosis in NAFLD, suggesting that an impaired β cell function has a characteristic finding of significant liver fibrosis in relatively nonobese Japanese patients.

homeostatic model assessment‐beta cell function


From disilene (Si=Si) to phosphasilene (Si=P) and phosphacumulene (P=C=N).

Abstract: The generation of heavier double-bond systems without by- or side-product formation is of considerable importance for their application in synthesis. Peripheral functional groups in such alkene homologues are promising in this regard owing to their inherent mobility. Depending on the steric demand of the N-alkyl substituent R, the reaction of disilenide Ar2Si=Si(Ar)Li (Ar = 2,4,6-iPr3C6H2) with ClP(NR2)2 either affords the phosphinodisilene Ar2 Si=Si(Ar)P(NR2)2 (for R = iPr) or P-amino functionalized phosphasilenes Ar2(R2N)Si=Si(Ar)=P(NR2) (for R = Et, Me) by 1,3-migration of one of the amino groups. In case of R = Me, upon addition of one equivalent of tert-butylisonitrile a second amino group shift occurs to yield the 1-aza-3-phosphaallene Ar2(R2N)Si=Si(NR2)(Ar)-P=C=NtBu with pronounced ylidic character. All new compounds were fully characterized by multinuclear NMR spectroscopy as well as single-crystal X-ray diffraction and DFT calculations in selected cases.

Willmes|Philipp|P|
Cowley|Michael J|MJ|
Hartmann|Marco|M|
Zimmer|Michael|M|
Huch|Volker|V|
Scheschkewitz|David|D|

disilenes
heavier multiple bonding
heterocumulenes
phosphorus
silicon


Prevalence of substance abuse among regular degree health science students in Sheba University College in Mekelle Town, Tigray - Ethiopia.

Abstract:
BACKGROUND
Substance abuse (SA) refers to the harmful or hazardous use of psychoactive substances, including alcohol and illicit drugs. The most common substances which are usually abused are alcohol and tobacco. Herein, we assessed the prevalence of SA among regular degree health science students of the Sheba University College (SUC).

MATERIALS AND METHODS
A cross-sectional survey was carried out among 1076 SUC students using self-administered structured questionnaire. The simple sampling technique was used to select students. Descriptive statistics, bivariate, and multivariate analysis were done.

RESULTS
The overall prevalence of "ever used substance" for at least one was 45.5%. The most commonly used drugs in descending order were alcohol (25.1%), cigarette (11.4%), and khat (9.2%). Male participants, urban setting, peer pressure, personal pleasure, and academic dissatisfaction and pocket money were highly associated with SA.

CONCLUSION
This study showed a lower magnitude (45.6% ever use and 21% still using) of SA among students' compared to other studies. Even if a considerable decrease in SA among study subjects, the creation of awareness and health education should be continued to fully combat the problem of abuse.

Hagos|Esietu Gebregazabher|EG|
Asfeha|Gebrekidan Gebregzabher|GG|
Berihu|Birhane Alem|BA|

substance abuse
psychoactive substances
Academic dissatisfaction
sociodemographic characteristics


Epicardial adipose tissue thickness in children and adolescents with cardiometabolic risk factors.

Abstract:
OBJECTIVE
To assess the relationship of epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) thickness with cardiometabolic risk factors (CRFs) in children and adolescents.

METHODS
Seventy-seven subjects of both sexes aged 7-18 years were selected. Medical history, clinical parameters, and glucose, insulin, and lipid levels were collected. EAT thickness was measured using transthoracic echocardiography. Study subjects were divided into two groups based on whether they had less than two or two or more CRFs.

RESULTS
The group with two or more CRFs had higher EAT thickness, insulin, and HOMA-IR values (P<.05). EAT thickness showed a statistically significant positive correlation with body mass index (BMI) (r=0.561, P=.0001), waist circumference (r=.549, P=.0001), systolic blood pressure (SBP) (r=.256, P=.028), insulin (r=0.408, P=.0001), and HOMA-IR (r=.325, P=.005). However, these correlations were not significant after adjustment for BMI. The cut-off point for EAT thickness as predictor of two or more CRFs was 3.17mm. The risk (odds ratio) of having two or more CRFs if EAT thickness was >3.17mm was 3.1 (95% CI: 1.174-8.022). BMI was the independent variable that most affected EAT thickness and the presence of two or more CRFs.

CONCLUSION
In this group of children and adolescents, the relationship of EAT thickness with CRFs was found to be dependent on BMI.

Reyes|Yubriangel|Y|
Paoli|Mariela|M|
Camacho|Nolis|N|
Molina|Yudisay|Y|
Santiago|Justo|J|
Lima-Martínez|Marcos M|MM|

Epicardial adipose tissue
Children and adolescents
Cardiometabolic risk factors
Epicardial fat
Factores de riesgo cardiometabólico
Grasa epicárdica
Niños y adolescentes
Tejido adiposo epicárdico


Systematic verification of bladder cancer-associated tissue protein biomarker candidates in clinical urine specimens.

Abstract: Bladder cancer biomarkers currently approved by the Food and Drug Administration are insufficiently reliable for use in non-invasive clinical diagnosis. Verification/validation of numerous biomarker candidates for BC detection is a crucial bottleneck for novel biomarker development. A multiplexed liquid chromatography multiple-reaction-monitoring mass spectrometry assay of 122 proteins, including 118 up-regulated tissue proteins, two known bladder cancer biomarkers and two housekeeping gene products, was successfully established for protein quantification in clinical urine specimens. Quantification of 122 proteins was performed on a large cohort of urine specimens representing a variety of conditions, including 142 hernia, 126 bladder cancer, 67 hematuria, and 59 urinary tract infection samples. ANXA3 (annexin A3) and HSPE1 (heat shock protein family E member 1), which showed the highest detection frequency in bladder cancer samples, were selected for further validation. Western blotting showed that urinary ANXA3 and HSPE1 protein levels were higher in bladder cancer samples than in hernia samples, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays confirmed a higher urinary concentration of HSPE1 in bladder cancer than in hernia, hematuria and urinary tract infection. Immunohistochemical analyses showed significantly elevated levels of HSPE1 in tumor cells compared with non-cancerous bladder epithelial cells, suggesting that HSPE1 could be a useful tumor tissue marker for the specific detection of bladder cancer. Collectively, our findings provide valuable information for future validation of potential biomarkers for bladder cancer diagnosis.

Tsai|Cheng-Han|CH| Chen|Yi-Ting|YT| Chang|Ying-Hsu|YH| Hsueh|Chuen|C| Liu|Chung-Yi|CY| Chang|Yu-Sun|YS| Chen|Chien-Lun|CL| Yu|Jau-Song|JS|

bladder cancer
protein quantification
MRM
biomarker verification
targeted proteomics


Oxidation Stability of Pig Liver Pâté with Increasing Levels of Natural Antioxidants (Grape and Tea).

Abstract: The present study investigated the effect of the addition of increasing levels of the natural antioxidants tea (TEA) and grape seed extracts (GRA) on the physiochemical and oxidative stability of refrigerated stored pig pâtés. In addition, a synthetic antioxidant and a control batch were used, thus a total of eight batches of liver pâté were prepared: CON, BHT, TEA (TEA50, TEA200 and TEA1000) and GRA (GRA50, GRA200 and GRA1000). Pâté samples were analyzed following 0, 4, 8 and 24 weeks of storage. Color parameters were affected by storage period and level of antioxidant extract. Samples with TEA200 and GRA1000 levels of extracts showed lower total color difference between 0 and 24 weeks. At the end of storage period, the lower TBARs values were obtained in samples with the highest concentration on natural extract. Overall, the evolution of volatile compounds showed an increase in those ones that arise from the lipid oxidation and samples with TEA1000 extract showed the lowest values.

Pateiro|Mirian|M|
Lorenzo|José M|JM|
Vázquez|José A|JA|
Franco|Daniel|D|

oxidative stability
volatile compounds
antioxidant level
storage time


Exposure to low concentration of fluoxetine affects development, behaviour and acetylcholinesterase activity of zebrafish embryos.

Abstract: Fluoxetine (FLX) is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) antidepressant widely used in clinics and very often found in environmental samples of urban aquatic ecosystems in concentrations ranging from ng/L to μg/L. Fish populations might be especially susceptible to FLX due to the presence of conserved cellular receptors of serotonin. Neurotoxic effects on fish biota of polluted water bodies may be expected, but there are no sufficient studies in the current literature to elucidate this hypothesis. Batteries of embryo larval assays with zebrafish were performed to evaluate the potential effects of FLX exposure, including environmentally relevant concentrations. Evaluated parameters included survival, development, behaviour and neuronal biochemical markers. Regarding acute toxicity, a 168 h-LC50 value of 1.18 mg/L was obtained. Moreover, hatching delay and loss of equilibrium were observed, but at a concentration level much higher than FLX measured environmental concentrations (>100 μg/L). On the other hand, effects on locomotor and acetylcholinesterase activity (≥0.88 and 6 μg/L, respectively) were found at levels close to the maximum reported FLX concentration in surface waters. Altogether, these results suggest that FLX is neurotoxic to early life stages of zebrafish, in a short period of time causing changes in important ecological attributes which can probably be linked from molecular to population level.

de Oliveira|Reginaldo Carlyle Silva|RCS|

Fish
Neurotoxicity
Danio rerio
Embryotoxicity
Locomotor effects
Pharmaceuticals


Sengers syndrome: a rare case of cardiomyopathy combined with congenital cataracts in an infant: post-mortem case report.

Abstract: Sengers syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive disorder caused by a mutation in the Acylglycerol Kinase (AGK) gene with subsequent mitochondrial dysfunction. It is a combination of cardiomyopathy, skeletal myopathy, congenital bilateral cataracts, and lactic acidosis following exertion. The current study describes an extremely rare case of Sengers syndrome that is diagnosed during post-mortem examination. A four-month-old female child underwent sudden cardiac arrest immediately following the induction of general anesthesia for lens extraction surgery. This infant was the first child born to healthy, non-consanguineous, Egyptian parents. There were unremarkable medical problems either during pregnancy or during delivery. This infant was born at term with a normal APGAR score and weight. She had congenital bilateral cataracts since birth, easily-fatigued, and delayed milestones for her age. A post-mortem examination revealed a hypertrophied heart that weighed 96.6 grams with left ventricular hypertrophy. The left ventricle free wall thickness was 1cm, and an interventricular septum thickness of 1.3 cm. Histopathologically, the myocardium showed myocytes disarray. Also, the myocytes were hypertrophied, and vacuolated. The Gömöri trichrome stain revealed vacuolated cardiomyocytes surrounded by collagenous connective tissue, and the Periodic Acid Schiff (PAS) stain excluded that these vacuolations were related to glycogen storage disease. Focal lymphocytic infiltrations were observed within the myocardium. Thus, Sengers syndrome should be taken into consideration as a possible diagnosis whenever a congenital cataract is present for clinical and medicolegal cases.

Fnon|Nora Fawzy|NF|
Hassan|Hanan Hosney|HH|
Ali|Hazem Mahmoud|HM|
Sobh|Zahraa Khalifa|ZK|

Sengers syndrome
Cardiomyopathy
Congenital cataract
Myopathy
Ventricular hypertrophy


Effect of environmental variables on incidence of tick-borne encephalitis, leptospirosis and tularaemia.

Abstract:
OBJECTIVES
Potential effect of three environmental variables (population density of rodents, global weather in the form of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) index, and acorn crop) on human morbidity rate of three zoonoses: tick-borne encephalitis (TBE), leptospirosis and tularaemia were analysed in the Czech Republic for the period 1970-1990.

METHODS
The Pearson's correlation analysis was used.

RESULTS
The correlation analysis revealed that the significant factor for explaining annual morbidity rates of these zoonoses was the abundance of common voles (Microtus arvalis) in the current year (for leptospirosis) or in the previous calendar year (for TBE and tularaemia).

CONCLUSIONS
The two other environmental variables tested (NAO index and acorn production) do not seem to play a significant role in these zoonoses in Central Europe.

rodents
North Atlantic Oscillation
acorn crop
Czech Republic
Microtus arvalis
Flavivirus
Francisella
Leptospira


PPARβ/δ Agonism Upregulates Forkhead Box A2 to Reduce Inflammation in C2C12 Myoblasts and in Skeletal Muscle.

Abstract: Daily activities expose muscles to innumerable impacts, causing accumulated tissue damage and inflammation that impairs muscle recovery and function, yet the mechanism modulating the inflammatory response in muscles remains unclear. Our study suggests that Forkhead box A2 (FoxA2), a pioneer transcription factor, has a predominant role in the inflammatory response during skeletal muscle injury. FoxA2 expression in skeletal muscle is upregulated by fatty acids and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) but is refractory to insulin and glucocorticoids. Using PPARβ/δ agonist GW501516 upregulates FoxA2, which in turn, attenuates the production of proinflammatory cytokines and reduces the infiltration of CD45+ immune cells in two mouse models of muscle inflammation, systemic LPS and intramuscular injection of carrageenan, which mimic localized exercise-induced inflammation. This reduced local inflammatory response limits tissue damage and restores muscle tetanic contraction. In line with these results, a deficiency in either PPARβ/δ or FoxA2 diminishes the action of the PPARβ/δ agonist GW501516 to suppress an aggravated inflammatory response. Our study suggests that FoxA2 in skeletal muscle helps maintain homeostasis, acting as a gatekeeper to maintain key inflammation parameters at the desired level upon injury. Therefore, it is conceivable that certain myositis disorders or other forms of painful musculoskeletal diseases may benefit from approaches that increase FoxA2 activity in skeletal muscle.

D051542:Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 3-beta

peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors β/δ


Luminescent Silica Nanoparticles Featuring Collective Processes for Optical Imaging.

Abstract: The field of nanoparticles has successfully merged with imaging to optimize contrast agents for many detection techniques. This combination has yielded highly positive results, especially in optical and magnetic imaging, leading to diagnostic methods that are now close to clinical use. Biological sciences have been taking advantage of luminescent labels for many years and the development of luminescent nanoprobes has helped definitively in making the crucial step forward in in vivo applications. To this end, suitable probes should present excitation and emission within the NIR region where tissues have minimal absorbance. Among several nanomaterials engineered with this aim, including noble metal, lanthanide, and carbon nanoparticles and quantum dots, we have focused our attention here on luminescent silica nanoparticles. Many interesting results have already been obtained with nanoparticles containing only one kind of photophysically active moiety. However, the presence of different emitting species in a single nanoparticle can lead to diverse properties including cooperative behaviours. We present here the state of the art in the field of silica luminescent nanoparticles exploiting collective processes to obtain ultra-bright units suitable as contrast agents in optical imaging and optical sensing and for other high sensitivity applications.

Rampazzo|Enrico|E| Prodi|Luca|L| Petrizza|Luca|L| Zaccheroni|Nelsi|N|

Luminescent contrast agents nanomedicine


Oxytocin effects on gazing at the human face in retriever dogs.

Abstract: Oxytocin is a neurohormone involved in domestic dogs' socio-cognitive abilities which appears to be key in the display of gazing behavior as a communicative signal. However, differential effects of oxytocin have been reported in various tasks according to the dogs' breed. In the present study, we evaluated the effect of the intranasal administration of oxytocin on gazing towards the human face in Golden and Labrador Retrievers. This was assessed during a learning task in which dogs had to gaze at the human face in order to receive food that was visible but inaccessible. Results indicate that only intact dogs who received oxytocin exhibited an increase in gazing behavior, while no differences were observed for neutered dogs. This effect could be related to an interaction between oxytocin and steroid hormones in intact dogs. These findings highlight the importance of including modulating factors, such as breed and neutered status, when studying the mechanisms of oxytocin.

Dzik|M V|MV|
Cavalli|C M|CM|
Barrera|G|G|
Bentosela|M|M|

Oxytocin
Gaze
Retriever
Domestic dog
Neutered status
Social cognition


Is it time to rethink cord management when resuscitation is needed?

Abstract: A newborn who receives a placental transfusion at birth, either from cord milking or delayed cord clamping, obtains about 30% more blood volume than the newborn whose cord is cut immediately. Receiving an adequate blood volume from placental transfusion at birth may be protective for the distressed neonate as it prevents hypovolemia and can support optimal perfusion to all organs. New research shows that ventilating before clamping the umbilical cord can reduce large swings in cardiovascular function and help to stabilize the newborn. Hypovolemia, often associated with nuchal cord or shoulder dystocia, may lead to an inflammatory cascade and subsequent ischemic injury. A sudden unexpected neonatal asystole at birth may occur from severe hypovolemia. The restoration of blood volume is an important action to protect the hearts and brains of these neonates. Current protocols for resuscitation imply immediate cord clamping and the care of the newborn away from the mother's bedside. We suggest that an intrapartum care provider can achieve placental transfusion for the distressed neonate by milking the cord several times or resuscitating the neonate at the perineum with an intact cord. Milking the cord can be done quickly within the current Neonatal Resuscitation Program guidelines. Cord blood gases can be collected with delayed cord clamping. Bringing the resuscitation to the mother's bedside is a novel concept and supports an intact cord. Adopting a policy for resuscitation with an intact cord in a hospital setting will take concentrated effort and team work by obstetrics, pediatrics, midwifery, and nursing.

Mercer|Judith S|JS|
Erickson-Owens|Debra A|DA|

resuscitation
placental transfusion
cord milking
delayed cord clamping
blood volume
hypovolemia
perfusion
asystole
shock


A retrospective study of twin pregnancy management in mares.

Abstract: The aim of the study was to compare three methods of reducing twin pregnancy in mares to maintain a single pregnancy. As multiple pregnancies in mare are always undesirable, early ultrasound diagnosis makes possible management of twin pregnancies and extra embryo removal. In years 2010-2018, 16494 mares were sonographically tested for early pregnancy, finding 868 cases of twins (471 bilateral and 397 unilateral). 260 mares with a confirmed bilateral tween pregnancy were subjected to manual crushing of one embryo and administration of flunixin at a dose of 1.1 mg/kg BW. 186 mares were subjected only to the embryo crushing procedure. 25 mares from this group were on a restrictive diet. In the unilateral twin pregnancy mare group, 62 were subjected to manual embryo reduction with simultaneous treatment with flunixin, 60 had only manual embryonic vesicle crush and 210 had a restrictive diet. Determination of success, measured as the development of a single pregnancy, were monitored 2 weeks after the procedure, between the 50th and 60th day of pregnancy and after the 90th day of pregnancy. In general, warm-blooded mares were more prone to a twin pregnancy, and at the same time, all the procedures used to reduce it to a single pregnancy caused a greater risk of losing both embryos than in the case of cold-blooded mares. The beneficial effect of administering flunixin after manual removal of one embryo on the maintenance of the other has been experimentally proven in both unilateral and bilateral twin pregnancy.

Twin pregnancy
Mare
Flunixin
Fasting
Manual reduction


Maturation of Airway Defensive Reflexes Is Related to Development of Feeding Behavior during Growth in Rabbits.

Abstract: Introduction: Cough and expiration reflex are major lower airway defense mechanisms that have not been studied throughout development in relation with the feeding behavior. Aim: To describe airway defense reflexes evoked by mechanical stimulation of the trachea in developing rabbit pups. Material and Methods: Sixty one pups were allocated to 3 groups according to their feeding behavior: suckling (n = 22), weanling (n = 21) and weaning (n = 18) group. The incidence and sensitivity of defense reflexes triggered by mechanical tracheal stimulation were studied in anesthetized and tracheotomized animals. Data are expressed as median (25th to 75th percentile). Results: The overall incidence of defensive responses (cough and/or expiration reflex) was found to be significantly higher in suckling [100% (50-100%); p = 0.01] and weanling [75% (40-100%); p = 0.05] animals when compared to weaning ones [37.5% (0-75%)]. However, cough motor pattern accounted for only 29% (0-62%) of all defensive responses in suckling rabbits and its frequency was significantly lower in this group when compared with weanling [100%(50-100%); p = 0.006] or weaning group [62%(50-100%), p = 0.05]. In other word the expiration reflex was the dominant response in suckling animals. Conclusion: Incidence and motor pattern of defensive responses were found to be linked to the pup feeding behavior and the expiration reflex was the major response triggered in suckling pups. The results suggest that this reflex is especially fitted to occur during the coordinated swallowing - breathing fast activities of sucking.

Coutier-Marie|Laurianne|L| Ioan|Iulia|I| Bonabel|Claude|C| Demoulin|Bruno|B| Leblanc|Anne-Laure|AL| Debitu|Ludivine|L| Schweitzer|Cyril|C| Marchal|François|F| Demoulin-Alexikova|Silvia|S|

growth
cough
expiration reflex
mechanical stimulation
rabbit pups
tracheal stimulation
swallowing
defensive airway reflex


Monometallic Cerium Layered Double Hydroxide Supported Pd-Ni Nanoparticles as High Performance Catalysts for Lignin Hydrogenolysis.

Abstract: Monometallic cerium layered double hydroxides (Ce-LDH) supports were successfully synthesized by a homogeneous alkalization route driven by hexamethylenetetramine (HMT). The formation of the Ce-LDH was confirmed and its structural and compositional properties studied by XRD, SEM, XPS, iodometric analyses and TGA. HT-XRD, N2-sorption and XRF analyses revealed that by increasing the calcination temperature from 200 to 800 °C, the Ce-LDH material transforms to ceria (CeO2) in four distinct phases, i.e., the loss of intramolecular water, dehydroxylation, removal of nitrate groups and removal of sulfate groups. When loaded with 2.5 wt% palladium (Pd) and 2.5 wt% nickel (Ni) and calcined at 500 °C, the PdNi-Ce-LDH-derived catalysts strongly outperform the PdNi-CeO2 benchmark catalyst in terms of conversion as well as selectivity for the hydrogenolysis of benzyl phenyl ether (BPE), a model compound for the α-O-4 ether linkage in lignin. The PdNi-Ce-LDH catalysts showed full selectivity towards phenol and toluene while the PdNi-CeO2 catalysts showed additional oxidation of toluene to benzoic acid. The highest BPE conversion was observed with the PdNi-Ce-LDH catalyst calcined at 600 °C, which could be related to an optimum in morphological and compositional characteristics of the support.

cerium
layered double hydroxide
lignin hydrogenolysis
PdNi nanoparticles


Behaviour of Aspergillus flavus and Fusarium graminearum on rice as affected by degree of milling, temperature, and relative humidity during storage.

Abstract: We investigated the survival and growth patterns of Aspergillus flavus and Fusarium graminearum, as well as mycotoxin production, on Korean rice as affected by the degree of milling (rough, brown, and white rice) and storage conditions (21 °C/85% relative humidity [RH], 21 °C/97% RH, and 30 °C/85% RH). When rice was stored at 21 °C/85% RH, the population of A. flavus remained constant and aflatoxin was not produced, regardless of the degree of milling. At 21 °C/97% RH and 30 °C/85% RH, the populations of A. flavus increased significantly (P ≤ 0.05) and aflatoxins were produced. The highest population of A. flavus and highest amount of aflatoxin B1 were observed on brown rice stored at 21 °C/97% RH. For F. graminearum, when stored at 85% RH, the populations were reduced to less than a detectable level (5 CFU/g of rice) within 120 days and no deoxynivalenol (DON) was produced, regardless of the degree of milling and storage temperature. However, at 21 °C/97% RH, the population of F. graminearum increased significantly (P ≤ 0.05) and DON was produced on all types of rice. Findings from this study provide insights concerning storage conditions necessary to prevent growth and mycotoxin production by A. flavus and F. graminearum on Korean rice with different degrees of milling.

Choi|Seonyeong|S|
Jun|Hyejung|H|
Bang|Jihyun|J|
Chung|Soo-Hyun|SH|
Kim|Yoonsook|Y|
Kim|Byeong-Sam|BS|
Kim|Hoikyung|H|
Beuchat|Larry R|LR|
Ryu|Jee-Hoon|JH|

Aspergillus flavus
Fusarium graminearum
Rice
Milling
Temperature
Relative humidity


Resection of Locally Advanced Pancreatic Cancer without Regression of Arterial Encasement After Modern-Era Neoadjuvant Therapy.

Abstract:
INTRODUCTION
Modern-era systemic therapy for locally advanced pancreatic adenocarcinoma (LAPC) offers improved survival relative to historical regimens but not necessarily improved radiographic downstaging to allow more patients to undergo resection. The aim of this study was to evaluate the survival, progression, and pathologic outcomes after resection of LAPC that did not regress from > 180 degrees arterial encasement after neoadjuvant therapy.

METHODS
Sixty-one LAPC patients were brought to the operating room after neoadjuvant therapy for NCCN-defined unresectable pancreatic cancer between 2012 and 2017. Pts were explored with intent of pancreatectomy and irreversible electroporation for margin extension; 5 (8%) had metastatic lesions on exploratory laparoscopy and were excluded from analyses. Imaging was re-examined to confirm LAPC prior to surgery. Data were analyzed from a prospective pancreatic cancer database.

RESULTS
Patients had arterial involvement of the celiac axis (37.5%) and/or superior mesenteric artery (42.9%) and/or an extended length of the common hepatic (n = 44.6%) artery. Twenty-nine males and 27 females, median 65 years of age, received neoadjuvant gemcitabine-based (58.9%) or FOLFIRINOX (35.7%) chemotherapy and stereotactic body (42.9%) or intensity-modulated (51.8%) radiation therapy. Median months from initiation of neoadjuvant therapy to surgery was 7.5. Sixty-one percent underwent Whipple, 21% distal, and 18% modified Appleby procedures; 57% patients underwent venous reconstruction. Ninety-day mortality was 2%. An R0 margin was achieved in 80%, and 53% were N0. Median overall and progression-free survival was 18.5 (95%CI 12.27-32.33) and 8.5 months (95%CI 6.0-15.0), respectively. One- and 3-year survival from surgery was 68.5% (95%CI 53.0-79.7) and 39.0% (95%CI 23.7-53.8), respectively.

CONCLUSION
With modern-era neoadjuvant therapy, R0 resections can be achieved in a majority of non-metastatic patients with locally advanced, unresectable disease based on cross-sectional imaging.

Kluger|Michael D|MD|0000-0003-4311-078X
Rashid|M Farzan|MF|
Rosario|Vilma L|VL|
Schrope|Beth A|BA|
Steinman|Jonathan A|JA|
Hecht|Elizabeth M|EM|
Chabot|John A|JA|

D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols

Locally advanced
Neoadjuvant therapy
Pancreatic adenocarcinoma
Downstaging
Irreversible electroporation
Surgery
Chemotherapy


Long non-coding RNA CDKN2B antisense RNA 1 gene inhibits Gemcitabine sensitivity in bladder urothelial carcinoma.

Abstract: Objective: To investigate the clinical significance of long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) CDKN2B antisense RNA 1 (CDKN2B-AS) gene and its effects on Gemcitabine sensitivity in BUC. Materials and Methods: The expression of CDKN2B-AS gene was examined with real-time quantitative PCR. The cell proliferation and the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of Gemcitabine were detected with enhanced CCK-8 assay. The apoptosis rate was examined using Annexin V-FITC/PI double-staining apoptosis kit. The protein expression was examined with western blotting. The activity of Wnt signaling pathway was examined with TOP/FOP luciferase assay. Results: CDKN2B-AS gene was high-expressed in BUC tissues and J82, T24 cells compared with paracancerous normal urothelial tissues and SV-HUC-1 cells. Furthermore, the high-expression of CDKN2B-AS gene was related with high pathological grade and low Gemcitabine sensitivity of BUC tissues. The expression of CDKN2B-AS gene in Gemcitabine-resistant T24/Gem cells was much higher than that in T24 cells. Knockdown of CDKN2B-AS gene sensitized T24/Gem cells to Gemcitabine, promoted Gemcitabine-induced cytotoxicity. Knockdown of CDKN2B-AS gene inactivated Wnt signaling pathway, and Wnt signaling pathway mediated the effects on Gemcitabine sensitivity induced by CDKN2B-AS knockdown in T24/Gem cells. Conclusion: LncRNA CDKN2B-AS is high-expressed in BUC and related to low Gemcitabine sensitivity of BUC. CDKN2B-AS inhibited Gemcitabine sensitivity through Wnt signaling pathway in BUC.

CDKN2B antisense RNA 1
bladder urothelial carcinoma
long noncoding RNA
Wnt signaling pathway
chemotherapy


MonoMAC syndrome in a patient with a GATA2 mutation: case report and review of the literature.

Abstract: We report a case of MonoMAC syndrome in a patient with a GATA2 mutation and discuss the manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment of this novel immunodeficiency disorder.

Camargo|Jose F|JF|
Lobo|Stephen A|SA|
Hsu|Amy P|AP|
Zerbe|Christa S|CS|
Wormser|Gary P|GP|
Holland|Steven M|SM|

MonoMAC
GATA2
immunodeficiency
monocytopenia
mycobacterial infection


Multimodal functional and anatomic imaging identifies preclinical microvascular abnormalities in type 1 diabetes mellitus.

Abstract: Structural and functional changes in the microcirculation in type 1 diabetes mellitus predict future end-organ damage and macrovascular events. We explored the utility of novel signal processing techniques to detect and track changes in ocular hemodynamics in patients with this disease. Twenty-four patients with uncomplicated type 1 diabetes mellitus and eighteen age- and sex-matched control subjects were studied. Doppler ultrasound was used to interrogate the carotid and ophthalmic arteries, and digital photography was used to image the retinal vasculature. Frequency analysis algorithms were applied to quantify velocity waveform structure and retinal photographic data at baseline and after inhalation of 100% O2. Frequency data were compared between groups. No significant differences were found in the resistive index between groups at baseline or after inhaled O2. Frequency analysis of Doppler flow velocity waveforms identified significant differences in bands 3-7 between patients and control subjects in data captured from the ophthalmic artery (P < 0.01 for each band). In response to inhaled O2, changes in frequency band amplitudes were significantly greater in control subjects compared with patients (P < 0.05). Only control subjects demonstrated a positive correlation (R = 0.61) between changes in retinal vessel diameter and frequency band amplitudes derived from ophthalmic artery waveform data. The use of multimodal signal processing techniques applied to Doppler flow velocity waveforms and retinal photographic data identified preclinical changes in the ocular microcirculation in patients with uncomplicated diabetes mellitus. An impaired autoregulatory response of the retinal microvasculature may contribute to the future development of retinopathy in such patients.

Lockhart|C J|CJ|
McCann|A J|AJ|
Pinnock|R A|RA|
Hamilton|P K|PK|
Harbinson|M T|MT|
McVeigh|G E|GE|

microvascular
diabetes
doppler
retina
wavelet transform


A Multiplex PCR Assay for Differentiating Coconut Rhinoceros Beetle (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) From Oriental Flower Beetle (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) in Early Life Stages and Excrement.

Abstract: The coconut rhinoceros beetle, Oryctes rhinoceros (L.), is a major pest of coconut and other palm trees. An incipient coconut rhinoceros beetle population was recently discovered on the island of Oahu, Hawaii and is currently the target of a large, mutiagency eradication program. Confounding this program is the widespread presence of another scarab beetle on Oahu, the oriental flower beetle, Protaetia orientalis (Gory and Percheron 1833). Eggs, early life stages, and fecal excrement of coconut rhinoceros beetle and oriental flower beetle are morphologically indistinguishable, thereby creating uncertainty when such specimens are discovered in the field. Here, we report the development of a multiplex PCR assay targeting cytochrome oxidase I of coconut rhinoceros beetle and oriental flower beetle that can rapidly detect and distinguish between these insects. This assay also features an internal positive control to ensure DNA of sufficient quantity and quality is used in the assay, increasing its reliability and reducing the chances of false negative results.

D060885:Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction

multiplex PCR
oriental flower beetle
Key words: Coconut rhinoceros beetle
diagnostic assay


Genome-wide microRNA expression profiling in idiopathic non-obstructive azoospermia: significant up-regulation of miR-141, miR-429 and miR-7-1-3p.

Abstract:
STUDY QUESTION
What is the profile of miRNAs in seminal plasma of patients with non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA)?

SUMMARY ANSWER
miR-141, miR-429 and miR-7-1-3p are significantly increased in seminal plasma of patients with NOA compared with fertile controls.

WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY
There is currently an urgent need to develop a noninvasive diagnostic test for NOA. Altered microRNA (miRNA) profiles have been proposed as potential biomarkers for the diagnosis of disease states.

STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION
A total of 200 subjects (n = 100 for NOA, n = 100 for fertile control) were recruited to participate in this study. Recruitment took place from May 2008 to June 2010.

PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS
We employed a strategy consisting of initial screening by TaqMan Low Density Array then further validation with a TaqMan quantitative RT-PCR assay. Validation of the profiling results was conducted in two independent phases. In addition, the expression of the three validated seminal plasma miRNAs (sp-miRNAs) was examined in testicular tissues of patients with NOA and of fertile controls. Methylation status and functional analyses were also performed for the identified sp-miRNAs.

MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE
miR-141, miR-429 and miR-7-1-3p were significantly increased in seminal plasma of patients with NOA compared with fertile controls. As sensitive and specific biomarkers, the profiling of these three identified sp-miRNAs provides a novel noninvasive, semen-based test for NOA diagnosis. The methylation status of these sp-miRNAs was inversely associated with their expression patterns. Additionally, we found that Cbl and Tgfβ2 were down-regulated by miR-141, while Rb1 and Pik3r3 were down-regulated by miR-7-1-3p.

LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION
miRNA expression profile was investigated in seminal plasma samples from only a small number of NOA patients. In future investigations, a larger sample size should be adopted and the functional role of the three sp-miRNAs should be further characterized in animal models.

WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS
Given that sp-miRNAs show reproducible and stable expression levels, they are potentially novel noninvasive biomarkers for the diagnosis of NOA. We propose that the three sp-miRNAs described above may participate in a methylation-miRNA-gene network related to NOA development. This work provides a foundation for interpretation of miRNA changes associated with pathogenesis of NOA and extends the current understanding of human NOA pathogenesis.

Wu|Wei|W| Qin|Yufeng|Y| Li|Zheng|Z| Dong|Jing|J| Dai|Juncheng|J| Lu|Chuncheng|C| Guo|Xuejiang|X| Zhao|Yang|Y| Zhu|Yong|Y| Zhang|Wei|W| Hang|Bo|B| Sha|Jiahao|J| Shen|Hongbing|H| Xia|Yankai|Y| Hu|Zhibin|Z| Wang|Xinru|X|

microRNA
non-obstructive azoospermia
seminal plasma
DNA methylation
male infertility


Operating theatre nurses' with managerial responsibility: Self-reported clinical competence and need of competence development in perioperative nursing.

Abstract:
AIM
The aim of this study was to investigate operating theatre nurses (OTNs) with managerial responsibility, and their self-rated clinical competence and need for competence development in perioperative nursing.

DESIGN
A cross-sectional study was applied using a modified version of Professional Nurse Self-Assessment Scale of Clinical Core Competence I.

METHOD
Data were collected from 303 OTNs in Sweden, 80 of whom indicated that they had managerial responsibility. Statistics analysis was used to identify the relationships between background variables to compare OTNs with and without managerial responsibility and their need for competence development.

RESULTS
OTNs with an academic degree and managerial responsibility self-rated their clinical competence higher compared with OTNs without an academic degree. It also turned out that OTNs with RN education and 1-year advanced nursing in theatre care, and master's 60 credits had a lower need for competence development in cooperation and consultation, professional development and critical thinking.

operating theatre nurse
competence
competence development
perioperative nursing


Ultrasensitive Molecular Detection by Imaging of Centimeter-Scale Metasurfaces with a Deterministic Gradient Geometry.

Abstract: Highly sensitive detection of trace amounts of substances is crucial for broad applications in healthcare, environmental monitoring, antiterrorism, etc., where cost effectiveness and portability are often demanded. Here, an ultrasensitive sensor is reported that can detect an angstrom-thick layer of adsorbed molecules through image acquisition and processing. The sensor features a centimeter-scale plasmonic metasurface with spatially varying geometry, where the light scattering is dependent on both the adsorbed substances and spatial locations. When illuminated with narrowband light (such as from a light emitting diode), the intensity pattern recorded on the metasurface changes with the surface-adsorbed molecules, enabling label-free, sensitive, and spectrometer-free molecular detection. The centimeter-scale size of the sensing area interfaces well with consumer-level imaging sensors on mobile devices without the need for microscopic optics and offers a high signal-to-noise ratio by leveraging the multimillion pixels for noise reduction. It is experimentally demonstrated that a single layer of Al2 O3 molecules deposited on the sensor, with a thickness of approximately one angstrom, can be detected by analyzing the images taken of the sensing chip. Furthermore, by integrating the sensor into a microfluidic setup, quantitative detection of BSA/anti-BSA immune complex formation events is demonstrated, which agrees well with the Langmuir isotherm model.

molecular detection
centimeter-scale metasurfaces
deterministic gradient geometry
image-based sensing schemes


Genotoxic and epigenetic effects of diuron in the Pacific oyster: in vitro evidence of interaction between DNA damage and DNA methylation.

Abstract: Recently, research has contributed to better knowledge on the occurrence of pesticides in coastal water by identifying frequently detected substances, their concentration range and their acute and chronic toxicity for organisms. Pesticide pollution is of particular concern in France due to important agricultural activities and presence of several exoreic catchment areas that vehicle pesticides up to coastal waters, impacting non-target marine species. Several ecotoxicology questions remain to be addressed concerning the long-term effects of chronic pesticide exposure and the mechanisms involved in adaptation to chemical stress. In the present study, we brought new insights on the genetic and epigenetic effects of the herbicide diuron in oyster genitors. During gametogenesis, we exposed Crassostrea gigas to environmentally realistic herbicide concentrations (0.2-0.3 μg L-1 during two 7-day periods at half-course and end of gametogenesis). Diuron exposure was shown to decrease global DNA methylation and total methyltransferase activity in whole oyster tissue; this is consistent with the previous observation of a significant decrease in DNMT1 gene expression. Diuron effect seemed to be tissue-specific; hypermethylation was detected in the digestive gland, whereas diuron exposure had no effect on gill and gonad tissue. The genotoxicity of diuron was confirmed by the detection of one adduct in gonad DNA. By using in vitro approaches and human DNMT1 (DNMT1 has not been purified yet in bivalves), the presence of DNA lesions (adduct, 8-oxodGuo) was shown to interfere with DNMT1 activity, indicating a complex interaction between DNA damage and DNA methylation. Based on our results, we propose mechanisms to explain the effect of diuron exposure on DNA methylation, a widespread epigenetic mark.

Genotoxicity
Diuron
Oyster
DNA damage
DNA methylation
Pesticide
8-oxodGuo
DNA adducts


Physical Activity and Sedentary Lifestyle in University Students: Changes during Confinement Due to the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Abstract: Regular physical activity is related to many factors in a university student's environment. The coronavirus pandemic and the resulting lockdown have restricted many elements of our environment. The aim of this study was to evaluate students' physical activity and sedentary behaviour at two points in time: before and during the coronavirus lockdown. As a secondary aim, we also wanted to look at changes resulting from other factors (alcohol, tobacco, diet, stages of change, symptoms of anxiety/depression and sociodemographic characteristics). We conducted an observational, cross-sectional, pre-post study with two cut-off points. Two hundred and thirteen students took part in the study. The main dependent variables were physical activity and sitting time, measured using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form (IPAQ-SF). Parametric and non-parametric tests were used for paired and unpaired data, as well as group-stratified analysis. During lockdown, both weekly physical activity (MD: -159.87; CI: -100.44, -219.31) and weekly sitting time increased (MD: -106.76; CI: -71.85, -141.67). In the group analysis, differences were observed in relation to gender, year of study, BMI, alcohol consumption, tobacco use, symptoms of anxiety/depression, Mediterranean diet, living situation and stage of change. The results showed an increase in both physical activity and sitting time globally and by group.

physical activity
COVID-19
lockdown
sedentary behaviour
college student
healthy lifestyle


Community-Level Measures of Stroke Knowledge among Children: Findings from Hip Hop Stroke.

Abstract:
BACKGROUND
Community-level determinants of stroke knowledge among children are unknown but could meaningfully impact public stroke education campaigns. We explored for associations between community- and school-level quality measures relative to baseline stroke knowledge among children participating in the Hip Hop Stroke program.

METHODS
Baseline stroke knowledge assessments were performed in 2839 fourth-, fifth-, and sixth-grade students (ages 9-11 years) from November 2005 to April 2014. Knowledge was assessed relative to school performance grade (SPG, graded A-F; a school-level measure determined by the New York City [NYC] Department of Education) and economic need index (ENI, range: 0-2; a community-level, within-school measure of subsidized housing and meals with higher scores indicating more socioeconomic distress).

RESULTS
Schools studied included those with SPG = B (n = 196), SPG = C (n = 1590), and SPG = D (n = 1053) and mean ENI = .85 (standard deviation: .23). A composite assessment of knowledge, including 4 stroke symptoms (blurred vision, facial droop, sudden headache, and slurred speech), was conducted consistently since 2006. Overall, students correctly identified a mean of 1.74 stroke symptoms (95% confidence interval: 1.70-1.79; possible range: 0-4, expected value of chance response alone or no knowledge = 2). For quartiles of ENI, mean knowledge scores are as follows: ENIQ1 = 2.00, ENIQ2 = 2.09, ENIQ3 = 1.46, and ENIQ4 = 1.56 (ENIQ3 and ENIQ4 versus ENIQ1, P < .001). For SPG, SPG = B schools: 2.09, SPG = C: 1.83, and SPG = D: 1.56 (SPG = C and SPG = D versus SPG = B schools, P ≤ .05).

CONCLUSIONS
Children's stroke knowledge was lowest in NYC communities with greater economic need and lower school performance. These findings could guide stroke education campaign implementation strategies.

Simmons|Cailey|C|
Noble|James M|JM|
Leighton-Herrmann|Ellyn|E|
Hecht|Mindy F|MF|
Williams|Olajide|O|

Stroke
cerebrovascular disease
health education
health literacy
knowledge translation
socioeconomic position
stroke prevention


The affine and Euclidean normalizers of the subperiodic groups.

Abstract: The affine and Euclidean normalizers of the subperiodic groups, the frieze groups, the rod groups and the layer groups, are derived and listed. For the layer groups, the special metrics used for plane-group Euclidean normalizers have been considered.

VanLeeuwen|Brian Kevin|BK|
Valentín De Jesús|Pedro|P|
Litvin|Daniel B|DB|
Gopalan|Venkatraman|V|

Euclidean normalizers
normalizers
subperiodic groups
affine normalizers


Immediate skin responses to laser and light treatments: Warning endpoints: How to avoid side effects.

Abstract: Lasers are versatile, commonly used treatment tools in dermatology. While it is tempting to follow manufacturer's guidelines or other "recipes" for laser treatment, this approach alone can be a recipe for disaster. Specific and immediate skin responses or endpoints exist and are clinically useful because they correlate with underlying mechanisms that are either desirable (ie, therapeutic), undesirable (ie, warning signs of injury or side effects), or incidental. The observation of clinical endpoints is a safe and reliable guide for appropriate treatment. This article presents the warning endpoints during specific dermatologic laser treatments, and the accompanying article presents the therapeutic endpoints, their underlying mechanisms, and the utility of these endpoints.

Wanner|Molly|M|
Sakamoto|Fernanda H|FH|
Avram|Mathew M|MM|
Anderson|R Rox|RR|

skin
laser
light
warning
endpoint
adverse effects