Validation and clinical evaluation of a SARS-CoV-2 surrogate virus neutralisation test (sVNT).

Abstract: To understand SARS-CoV-2 immunity after natural infection or vaccination, functional assays such as virus neutralising assays are needed. So far, assays to detect SARS-CoV-2 neutralising antibodies rely on cell-culture based infection assays either using wild type SARS-CoV-2 or pseudotyped viruses. Such assays are labour-intensive, require appropriate biosafety facilities and are difficult to standardize. Recently, a new surrogate virus neutralisation test (sVNT) was described that uses the principle of an ELISA to measure the neutralisation capacity of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies directed against the receptor binding domain. Here, we performed an independent evaluation of the robustness, specificity and sensitivity on an extensive panel of sera from 269 PCR-confirmed COVID-19 cases and 259 unmatched samples collected before 2020 and compared it to cell-based neutralisation assays. We found a high specificity of 99.2 (95%CI: 96.9-99.9) and overall sensitivity of 80.3 (95%CI: 74.9-84.8) for the sVNT. Clinical sensitivity increased between early (<14 days post symptom onset or post diagnosis, dpos/dpd) and late sera (>14 dpos/dpd) from 75.0 (64.7-83.2) to 83.1 (76.5-88.1). Also, higher severity was associated with an increase in clinical sensitivity. Upon comparison with cell-based neutralisation assays we determined an analytical sensitivity of 74.3 (56.4-86.9) and 98.2 (89.4-99.9) for titres ≥10 to <40 and ≥40 to <160, respectively. Only samples with a titre ≥160 were always positive in the sVNT. In conclusion, the sVNT can be used as an additional assay to determine the immune status of COVID-19 infected of vaccinated individuals but its value needs to be assessed for each specific context.

SARS-CoV-2
neutralising antibodies
cell-based virus neutralisation assay
pseudovirus neutralisation assay
surrogate virus neutralisation assay


Posttraumatic stress disorder, depression, and non-fatal intentional self-harm in Massachusetts Veterans.

Abstract:
BACKGROUND
The literature on the association between Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and fatal and non-fatal intentional self-harm (ISH) among Veterans who receive care within the Veterans Health Administration (VHA) is limited in scope and contradictory. The current study examines the association between PTSD and non-fatal ISH in a gender-stratified sample of patients who received care at a Massachusetts VHA treatment facility between 2000 and 2008.

METHODS
VHA electronic medical record data were obtained for patients who received a PTSD diagnosis at a Massachusetts treatment facility (n = 16,004) and a gender/age matched comparison group (n = 52,502). Rate ratios for the association between PTSD and non-fatal ISH were computed adjusting for marital status, depression, alcohol or drug abuse or dependence, anxiety disorder diagnoses and prior ISH and clustering by hospital using Poisson regression. The interaction between PTSD and depression diagnoses in predicting non-fatal ISH was assessed as the departure from additive effects by calculating the interaction contrast (IC) while adjusting for identified confounders.

RESULTS
Over the eight year study period 146 (0.91%) of those with PTSD experienced non-fatal ISH, while 71 (0.14%) of those without PTSD experienced non-fatal ISH. Strong adjusted associations between PTSD and non-fatal ISH were found for both male (RR = 3.3, 95% CI = 2.3, 4.6) and female (RR = 16, 95% CI = 4.7, 55) VHA patients. Evidence of an interaction between PTSD and depression diagnoses in predicting non-fatal ISH was found as a departure from additive effects for both sexes, but this association was more marked among women than among men.

CONCLUSIONS
Our results indicate that non-fatal ISH among women may be more strongly related to PTSD than prior work focusing on suicide has suggested and highlight the importance of gender-stratified examinations of these associations. Further, our results suggest that suicide prevention approaches in the VHA should integrate treatment for PTSD and depression.

Gradus|Jaimie L|JL|
Leatherman|Sarah|S|
Raju|Sanjay|S|
Ferguson|Ryan|R|
Miller|Matthew|M|

Stress disorder
Veterans
Deliberate self-harm
Post-traumatic


Effect of fillers on key characteristics of sludge thermophilic anaerobic digestion.

Abstract: In anaerobic digestion (AD) of sludge, AD efficiency and digested sludge (DS) dewaterability are critical factors. In this study, polyester non-woven fabric fillers were integrated into a sludge digester. The effect of such fillers on digestion was investigated in thermophilic temperature range in semi-continuous mode. Methane production of filler system and control reactor were significantly different (P < 0.05, paired t-test). At hydraulic retention times of 18 days and 12 days, the corresponding methane yields from filler system were 140% and 161%, respectively, of the yields from control digester without filler. Improvement of DS dewaterability was uncertain during 110 days of operation. While after a longer period of digestion, filler system resulted in a lower normalized capillary suction time of DS (76.5 ± 21.6 s L/g total suspended solids) than control reactor (118.7 ± 32.9 s L/g total suspended solids). The results showed that the filler could improve thermophilic AD performance, except at too short hydraulic retention times.

Shao|Liming|L| Xu|Yuanshun|Y| Wang|Tianfeng|T| Lü|Fan|F| He|Pinjing|P|

Filler
Dewaterability
Anaerobic digestion efficiency
Microbial community


Complete genome sequence of a psychotrophic Arthrobacter strain A3 (CGMCC 1.8987), a novel long-chain hydrocarbons producer.

Abstract: Arthrobacter strain A3, a psychotrophic bacterium isolated from the Tian Shan Mountain of China, can degrade the cellulose and synthesis the long-chain hydrocarbons efficiently in low temperature. Here we report the complete genome sequence of this bacterium. The complete genome sequence of Arthrobacter strain A3, consisting of a cycle chromosome with a size of 4.26 Mbp and a cycle plasmid with a size of 194kbp. In this genome, a hydrocarbon biosynthesis gene cluster (oleA, oleB/oleC and oleD) was identified. To resistant the extreme environment, this strain contains a unique mycothiol-biosynthetic pathway (mshA-D), which has not been found in other Arthrobacter species before. The availability of this genome sequence allows us to investigate the genetic basis of adaptation to growth in a nutrient-poor permafrost environment and to evaluate of the biofuel-synthetic potential of this species.

Sun|Haili|H|
Gao|Tianpeng|T|
Chen|Ximing|X|
Hitchings|Matthew D|MD|
Li|Shuyan|S|
Chen|Tao|T|
Zhang|Hua|H|
An|Lizhe|L|
Dyson|Paul|P|


Physical exercise and seizure activity.

Abstract: Neuroprotective and antiepileptogenic therapies have been extensively investigated for epilepsy prevention and treatment. This review gives an overview of the promising contribution of the ketogenic diet, a complementary treatment, on the intestinal microbiota to reduce seizure susceptibility. Next, the relevance of physical exercise is extensively addressed as a complementary therapy to reduce seizure susceptibility, and thereby impact beneficially on the epilepsy condition. In this context, particular attention is given to the potential risks and benefits of physical exercise, possible precipitant factors related to exercise and proposed mechanisms by which exercise can reduce seizures, and its antiepileptogenic effects. Finally, this review points to emerging evidence of exercise reducing comorbidities from epilepsy and improving the quality of life of people with epilepsy. Based on evidence from current literature, physical or sport activities represent a potential non-pharmacological intervention that can be integrated with conventional therapy for epilepsy.

Physical exercise
Epilepsy
Ketogenic diet
Seizure susceptibility
Gut microbiota


Is C-reactive protein the single most useful predictor of difficult laparoscopic cholecystectomy or its conversion? A pilot study.

Abstract:
INTRODUCTION
Both converted and difficult laparoscopic cholecystectomies (LC) have impact on operating time and training of juniors. The aim of this study is to evaluate parameters that predict difficult LC or conversion (C), and find predictive values for different cut-off points of C-reactive protein (CRP) for conversion.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
A retrospective cohort study of cholecystectomies performed from January 2011 to December 2012 at NHS trust was undertaken. Association of intra-operative difficulties or conversion with the following factors was studied: Age, gender, CRP, white blood cell count (WBC), history of pancreatitis, and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP).

RESULTS
Two hundred and ninety one patients were analysed (222 laparoscopic, 45 difficult LC and 24 C). Only 141 patients had a recorded CRP. Median CRP was highest for patients who were converted (286.20) compared to those who had difficult LC (67.40) or LC (7.05). Those patients who did not have preoperative CRP (8/150, 5.3%) had less chance of conversion than those who had CRP (16/141, 11.34%) (P = 0.063). Patients with CRP of ≤220 (3/91, 3.2%) had significantly less chance of conversion than those with CRP >220 (13/21, 61.9%) (P < 0.001). High preoperative CRP, WBC count and ERCP, were predictors of conversion. These factors were only marginally better than CRP alone in predicting conversion.

CONCLUSION
CRP can be a strong predictor of conversion of LC. Further validation of the results is needed.

Jessica Mok|Kam Wa|KW|
Goh|Yan Li|YL|
Howell|Laura E|LE|
Date|Ravindra S|RS|

C-reactive protein
laparoscopic cholecystectomy
predicting conversion
difficult dissection


Sociodemographic and socioeconomic patterns of chronic non-communicable disease among the older adult population in Ghana.

Abstract:
BACKGROUND
In Ghana, the older adult population is projected to increase from 5.3% of the total population in 2015 to 8.9% by 2050. National and local governments will need information about non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in this population in order to allocate health system resources and respond to the health needs of older adults.

DESIGN
The 2007/08 Study on global AGEing and adult health (SAGE) Wave 1 in Ghana used face-to-face interviews in a nationally representative sample of persons aged 50-plus years. Individual respondents were asked about their overall health, diagnosis of 10 chronic non-communicable conditions, and common health risk factors. A number of anthropometric and health measurements were also taken in all respondents, including height, weight, waist and hip circumferences, and blood pressure (BP).

RESULTS
This paper includes 4,724 adults aged 50-plus years. The highest prevalence of self-reported chronic conditions was for hypertension [14.2% (95% CI 12.8-15.6)] and osteoarthritis [13.8%, (95% CI 11.7-15.9)]. The figure for hypertension reached 51.1% (95% CI 48.9-53.4) when based on BP measurement. The prevalence of current smokers was 8.1% (95% CI 7.0-9.2), while 2.0 (95% CI 1.5-2.5) were infrequent/frequent heavy drinkers, 67.9% (95% CI 65.2-70.5) consume insufficient fruits and vegetables, and 25.7% (95% CI 23.1-28.3) had a low level of physical activity. Almost 10% (95% CI 8.3-11.1) of adults were obese and 77.6% (95% CI 76.0-79.2) had a high-risk waist-to-hip ratio (WHR). Risks from tobacco and alcohol consumption continued into older age, while insufficient fruit and vegetable intake, low physical activity and obesity increased with increasing age. The patterns of risk factors varied by income quintile, with higher prevalence of obesity and low physical activity in wealthier respondents, and higher prevalence of insufficient fruit and vegetable intake and smoking in lower-income respondents. The multivariate analysis showed that only urban/rural residence and body mass index (BMI) were common determinates of both self-reported and measured hypertension, while all other determinants have differing patterns.

CONCLUSIONS
The findings show a high burden of chronic diseases in the older Ghanaian population, as well as high rates of modifiable health risk factors. The government could consider targeting these health behaviors in conjunction with work to improve enrolment rates in the National Health Insurance Scheme.

Minicuci|Nadia|N|
Biritwum|Richard B|RB|
Mensah|George|G|
Yawson|Alfred E|AE|
Naidoo|Nirmala|N|
Chatterji|Somnath|S|
Kowal|Paul|P|

non-communicable disease
Ghana
aging
SAGE
health behavior


Screen printed electrode-based biosensor functionalized with magnetic cobalt/single-chain antibody fragments for cocaine biosensing in different matrices.

Abstract: On-site detection of substance abuse is an important approach in the preventive and intervention protocols implementations. It is known that the traditional methods are heavy, time-consuming, and need a high level of logistical requirements. As such, biosensors represent great potential to simplify and improve substance abuse detection. In this study, we have designed a functionalized screen-printed electrode (SPE) electrochemical biosensor with cobalt oxide nanoparticles and single-chain antibody fragments (scFvs) for cocaine detection. Different electrochemical techniques such as differential pulse voltammetry, cyclic voltammetry, and electrochemical impedance spectrometry were used to examine the functionality of the designed biosensor. Furthermore, SEM observations were performed to observe the surface changes after functionalization. The results showed that the linearity ranged between 5.0 and 250 ng/mL and a detection limit of 3.6 ng/mL (n = 6). These results were compared to results obtained from Q-TOF/MS where four different matrices (serum, sweat, urine, and saliva) were spiked with 100 ng/mL cocaine and were analyzed by both methods (Biosensor and Q-TOF/MS). Results showed a higher performance of the biosensor compared to traditional methods. In addition, the selectivity of the biosensor was shown in the presence of different interferents where the designed platform showed a specific response to only cocaine. In conclusion, the designed biosensor proposes great potential for portable and on-site substance abuse detection in addition to boasting the capability of reuse of the SPE and thus, reducing the costs related to such applications.

Sanli|Serdar|S|
Moulahoum|Hichem|H|
Ugurlu|Ozge|O|
Ghorbanizamani|Faezeh|F|
Gumus|Zinar Pinar|ZP|
Evran|Serap|S|
Coskunol|Hakan|H|
Timur|Suna|S|

D015374:Biosensing Techniques
D002853:Chromatography, Liquid
D003035:Cobalt
D003042:Cocaine
D055664:Electrochemical Techniques
D004566:Electrodes
D007128:Immunoglobulin Fragments
D060328:Magnetic Phenomena
D013058:Mass Spectrometry
D010316:Particle Size
D013499:Surface Properties

Biosensor
Cocaine
Substance abuse
Cobalt oxide particle
Single-chain Fv antibody


Hepcidin inhibition on the effect of osteogenesis in zebrafish.

Abstract: Iron overload, as a risk factor for osteoporosis, can result in the up-regulation of Hepcidin, and Hepcidin knockout mice display defects in their bone microarchitecture. However, the molecular and genetic mechanisms underlying Hepcidin deficiency-derived bone loss remain unclear. Here, we show that hepcidin knockdown in zebrafish using morpholinos leads to iron overload. Furthermore, a mineralization delay is observed in osteoblast cells in hepcidin morphants, and these defects could be partially restored with microinjection of hepcidin mRNA. Quantitative real-time PCR analyses revealed the osteoblast-specific genes alp, runx2a, runx2b, and sp7 in morphants are down-regulated. Furthermore, we confirmed qRT-PCR results by in situ hybridization and found down-regulated genes related to osteoblast function in hepcidin morphants. Most importantly, we revealed that hepcidin was capable of removing whole-body iron which facilitated larval recovery from the reductions in bone formation and osteogenesis induced by iron overload.

Jiang|Yu|Y| Yan|Yilin|Y| Wang|Xiao|X| Zhu|Guoxing|G| Xu|You-Jia|YJ|

Hepcidin
Zebrafish
Iron overload
Morpholino


A transcriptomic resource for the northern krill Meganyctiphanes norvegica based on a short-term temperature exposure experiment.

Abstract: The northern krill, Meganyctiphanes norvegica, is an important component of the pelagic food web across the North Atlantic. Widespread from the Mediterranean to the Subarctic Atlantic, populations appear to be strongly adapted to local temperatures, and seem to have very little plasticity. The goal of this study was to create and annotate a de novo transcriptome assembly to allow for comparative and physiological studies and to explore the gene expression response of M. norvegica from the Gulf of Maine to two different temperature conditions. Our Trinity assembly produced 405,497 transcripts with ~16% annotation success versus nr with a stringent cutoff (>1e-10), and substantial cross-annotation versus FlyBase and other published pelagic crustacean transcriptomes. There were 122 transcripts that were differentially expressed based on our 2-day 9 versus 12°C temperature exposure, and their annotation suggested changes in energetic metabolism and molting. These results generate a useful molecular resource for further more directed studies as well as provide initial insight into the physiological processes that may shape the temperature response of the northern krill.

Gulf of Maine
Crustacean
Euphausiid
RNA-Seq
Zooplankton


The effect of captivity on the primate gut microbiome varies with host dietary niche.

Abstract: Despite careful attention to animal nutrition and wellbeing, gastrointestinal distress remains relatively common in captive non-human primates (NHPs), particularly dietary specialists such as folivores. These patterns may be a result of marked dietary differences between captive and wild settings and associated impacts on the gut microbiome. However, given that most existing studies target NHP dietary specialists, it is unclear if captive environments have distinct impacts on the gut microbiome of NHPs with different dietary niches. To begin to examine this question, we used 16S ribosomal RNA gene amplicon sequences to compare the gut microbiomes of five NHP genera categorized either as folivores (Alouatta, Colobus) or non-folivores (Cercopithecus, Gorilla, Pan) sampled both in captivity and in the wild. Though captivity affected the gut microbiomes of all NHPs in this study, the effects were largest in folivorous NHPs. Shifts in gut microbial diversity and in the relative abundances of fiber-degrading microbial taxa suggest that these findings are driven by marked dietary shifts for folivorous NHPs in captive settings. We propose that zoos and other captive care institutions consider including more natural browse in folivorous NHP diets and regularly bank fecal samples to further explore the relationship between NHP diet, the gut microbiome, and health outcomes.

D000818:Animals
D000830:Animals, Laboratory
D000836:Animals, Zoo
D004032:Diet
D005518:Food Preferences
D000069196:Gastrointestinal Microbiome
D011323:Primates
D012329:RNA, Bacterial
D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
D013045:Species Specificity


Influence of thermal regime and land use on benthic invertebrate communities inhabiting headwater streams exposed to contrasted shading.

Abstract: Headwaters account for a high proportion of total freshwater stream-channel length in a drainage basin and are critical habitats for rare, endangered, and specialized species. In the context of climate warming, increasing water temperatures may be an ultimate threat to cold-adapted species even in temperate ecosystems. Climate change effects on streams may interact with other pressures such as pollution or habitat fragmentation, confounding their real impact on biological communities. Three headwater streams exposed to contrasted shading and land use conditions were sampled over a three-year period in spring and autumn (2010-2012). Five stations distributed along the longitudinal continuum were chosen in the upstream part of each stream. In addition to benthic invertebrate sampling, water temperature was recorded continuously using data loggers. Results showed that the riparian woodland associated with forested land use throughout the catchment clearly moderated winter temperature minima, summer temperature maxima and thermal variability compared to open river channels with narrow or absent riparian tree cover. Although, the variability in macroinvertebrate species distribution was mainly attributed to anthropogenic land use in the catchment, a significant part of the variability was explained by temperature descriptors such as the number of cumulative degree-days in summer and extremes in winter temperature. Trichoptera species preferring headwaters and cold water temperatures were found exclusively in the forested unimpacted stream. Conservation issues are discussed in relation to the predicted loss of the potential future distributions of these Trichoptera cold-adapted species.

Dohet|Alain|A|
Hlúbiková|Daša|D|
Wetzel|Carlos E|CE|
L'Hoste|Lionel|L|
Iffly|Jean François|JF|
Hoffmann|Lucien|L|
Ector|Luc|L|

Headwater streams
Climate change
Aquatic insects
Cold-stenothermy
Riparian buffer zone


Exploring the sustainability of quality improvement interventions in healthcare organisations: a multiple methods study of the 10-year impact of the 'Productive Ward: Releasing Time to Care' programme in English acute hospitals.

Abstract:
BACKGROUND
The 'Productive Ward: Releasing Time to Care' programme is a quality improvement (QI) intervention introduced in English acute hospitals a decade ago to: (1) Increase time nurses spend in direct patient care. (2) Improve safety and reliability of care. (3) Improve experience for staff and patients. (4) Make changes to physical environments to improve efficiency.

OBJECTIVE
To explore how timing of adoption, local implementation strategies and processes of assimilation into day-to-day practice relate to one another and shape any sustained impact and wider legacies of a large-scale QI intervention.

DESIGN
Multiple methods within six hospitals including 88 interviews (with Productive Ward leads, ward staff, Patient and Public Involvement representatives and senior managers), 10 ward manager questionnaires and structured observations on 12 randomly selected wards.

RESULTS
Resource constraints and a managerial desire for standardisation meant that, over time, there was a shift away from the original vision of empowering ward staff to take ownership of Productive Ward towards a range of implementation 'short cuts'. Nonetheless, material legacies (eg, displaying metrics data; storage systems) have remained in place for up to a decade after initial implementation as have some specific practices (eg, protected mealtimes). Variations in timing of adoption, local implementation strategies and contextual changes influenced assimilation into routine practice and subsequent legacies. Productive Ward has informed wider organisational QI strategies that remain in place today and developed lasting QI capabilities among those meaningfully involved in its implementation.

CONCLUSIONS
As an ongoing QI approach Productive Ward has not been sustained but has informed contemporary organisational QI practices and strategies. Judgements about the long-term sustainability of QI interventions should consider the evolutionary and adaptive nature of change processes.

Robert|Glenn|G|0000-0001-8781-6675 Sarre|Sophie|S| Maben|Jill|J| Griffiths|Peter|P| Chable|Rosemary|R|

D003142:Communication
D017598:Efficiency, Organizational
D019983:Guideline Adherence
D006739:Hospital Administration
D006801:Humans
D007318:Inservice Training
D007857:Leadership
D008137:Longitudinal Studies
D061214:Patient Safety
D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic
D017064:Process Assessment, Health Care
D058996:Quality Improvement
D013222:State Medicine

continuous quality improvement
healthcare quality improvement
implementation science
qualitative research
quality improvement methodologies


Molecular detection of Leucocytozoon (Apicomplexa: Haemosporida) in black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) from Thailand.

Abstract: Information regarding vector-parasite association is necessary for fully understanding the epidemiology of vector borne diseases yet, this information is lacking in the case of Leucocytozoonosis in the Oriental region, despite a high incidence of the disease. In this study, we used a molecular approach based on mitochondrial cytochrome b (cyt b) sequence to detect the parasite, Leucocytozoon, in potential black fly (Simuliidae) vectors in Thailand. A total of 404 wild caught black flies representing six morphological species of two subgenera were examined.- Gomphostilbia (Simulium asakoae complex, S. chumpornense) and Simulium (S. chamlongi, S. nodosum, S. nigrogilvum). Forty-four black fly specimens from two species of the Gomphostilbia were positive for Leucocytozoon. Most (35) of these were found in a village where high numbers of domestic chicken were kept, consistent with the possibility that chickens are a host of Leucocytozoon species found in black flies. Sixteen haplotypes were identified among 44 cyt b sequences. Comparisons of the sequences with previous reports revealed that the 11 haplotypes obtained in this study were identical or very similar to unknown Leucocytozoon found in infected domestic chickens. Four haplotypes are genetically similar to L. schoutedeni and one haplotype is genetically very different from existing cyt b sequences in public database. Our results indicate that two black fly species of the subgenus Gomphostilbia in Thailand are possible vectors of Leucocytozoon transmitted among poultry and wild birds in the country.

Jumpato|Waraporn|W| Tangkawanit|Ubon|U| Wongpakam|Komgrit|K| Pramual|Pairot|P|

Leucocytozoon Thailand Gomphostilbia Simulium


Efficacy of UV-C photolysis of bisphenol A on transcriptome alterations of genes in zebrafish embryos.

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy of UV-C direct photolysis of bisphenol A (BPA) as a remediation method of BPA contamination. We used zebrafish embryos as a model organism to test the toxicity and residual biological activity by measuring cytochrome P4501A1 (CYP1A), aromatase B (Aro B) and heat shock proteins (HSP-70) transcript levels. The mRNA levels of CYP1A gene increased about two fold while exposure of zebrafish embryos at 72 hpf resulted in significant induction (P = 0.048) of Aro B at 100 µg/L of BPA. Exposure of zebrafish embryos at 72 hpf to increasing concentrations of BPA resulted in significant induction (P = 0.0031) of HSP-70 transcript level. UV treatment of BPA resulted in a significant reduction in toxicity by reducing mortality of zebrafish embryos. The results suggest that UV-C direct photolysis may be an effective method for remediation of BPA contamination. Further studies will be necessary for better understanding of the identity and relative activity of the UV degradation by-products.

Saeed|Asma|A|
Hashmi|Imran|I|
Zare|Ava|A|
Mehrabani-Zeinabad|Mitra|M|
Achari|Gopal|G|
Habibi|Hamid R|HR|

Bisphenol A
zebrafish embryos
QPCR
UV photolysis
biomarker genes
endocrine disruption


Application of quantitative light-induced fluorescence to determine the depth of demineralization of dental fluorosis in enamel microabrasion: a case report.

Abstract: Enamel microabrasion has become accepted as a conservative, nonrestorative method of removing intrinsic and superficial dysmineralization defects from dental fluorosis, restoring esthetics with minimal loss of enamel. However, it can be difficult to determine if restoration is necessary in dental fluorosis, because the lesion depth is often not easily recognized. This case report presents a method for analysis of enamel hypoplasia that uses quantitative light-induced fluorescence (QLF) followed by a combination of enamel microabrasion with carbamide peroxide home bleaching. We describe the utility of QLF when selecting a conservative treatment plan and confirming treatment efficacy. In this case, the treatment plan was based on QLF analysis, and the selected combination treatment of microabrasion and bleaching had good results.

Park|Tae-Young|TY| Choi|Han-Sol|HS| Ku|Hee-Won|HW| Kim|Hyun-Su|HS| Lee|Yoo-Jin|YJ| Min|Jeong-Bum|JB|0000-0003-1502-5465

Quantitative light-induced fluorescence (QLF)


Functional Connectivity Within the Executive Control Network Mediates the Effects of Long-Term Tai Chi Exercise on Elders' Emotion Regulation.

Abstract: Previous research has identified the effects of tai chi exercise on elders' executive control or on their emotion regulation. However, few works have attempted to reveal the relationships between tai chi, executive control, and emotion regulation in the same study. The current resting-state study investigated whether the impact of tai chi on elders' emotion regulation was mediated by the resting-state functional connectivity within the executive control network. A total of 26 elders with long-term tai chi experience and 26 demographically matched healthy elders were recruited. After the resting-state scan, both groups were required to complete a series of questionnaires, including the Five Facets Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ), and a sequential decision task, which offered an index of the subjects' emotion-regulation ability by calculating how their emotional response could be affected by the objective outcomes of their decisions. Compared to the control group, the tai chi group showed higher levels of non-judgment of inner experiences (a component of the FFMQ), stronger emotion-regulation ability, and a weaker resting-state functional connectivity between the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and the middle frontal gyrus (MFG). Moreover, the functional connectivity between the DLPFC and the MFG in the tai chi group fully mediated the impact of non-judgment of inner experience on their emotion-regulation ability. These findings highlighted that the modulation of non-judgment of inner experience on long-term tai chi practitioners' emotion regulation was achieved through decreased functional connectivity within the executive control network.

Liu|Zhiyuan|Z| Wu|Yuyan|Y| Li|Lin|L| Guo|Xiuyan|X|

executive control network
tai chi
emotion regulation
resting-state functional connectivity
functional magnetic resonance imaging
meditation


Sex Steroids Block the Initiation of Atherosclerosis.

Abstract: Atherosclerosis is the main cause of death in men and women. This so-called "hardening of the arteries" results from advanced atherogenesis, the accumulation and death of subendothelial fat-laden macrophages (vascular plaque). The macrophages are attracted as the result of signals from injured vessels recruiting and activating cells to quell the injury by inflammation. Among the recruited cells are circulating monocytes that may be captured by the formation of neural cell adhesion molecule (nCAM) tethers between the monocytes and vascular endothelium; the tethers are dependent on electrostatic binding between distal segments of apposed nCAM molecules. The capture of monocytes is followed by their entry into the subendothelial area as macrophages, many of which will remain and become the fat-laden foam cells in vascular plaque. Neural cell adhesion molecules are subject to sialylation that blocks their electrostatic binding. We showed that estradiol-induced nCAM sialylases are present in vascular endothelial cells and tested whether sex steroid pretreatment of human vascular endothelium could inhibit the capture of monocytes. Using in vitro techniques, pretreatment of human arterial endothelial cells with estradiol, testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone and dihydrotestosterone all induced sialylation of endothelial cells and, in a dose-response manner, reduced the capture of monocytes. Steroid hormones are protective against atherogenesis and its sequellae. Sex steroid depletion is associated with atherosclerosis. Based on this knowledge plus our results using sex steroid pretreatment of endothelial cells, we propose that the blockade of the initial step in atherogenesis by sex steroid-induced nCAM sialylation may be crucial to hormonal prevention of atherosclerosis.

atherogenesis
neural cell adhesion molecule
estradiol
prevention
cardioprotection
menopause
sex hormones


JTrack: A Digital Biomarker Platform for Remote Monitoring of Daily-Life Behaviour in Health and Disease.

Abstract: Health-related data being collected by smartphones offer a promising complementary approach to in-clinic assessments. Despite recent contributions, the trade-off between privacy, optimization, stability and research-grade data quality is not well met by existing platforms. Here we introduce the JTrack platform as a secure, reliable and extendable open-source solution for remote monitoring in daily-life and digital-phenotyping. JTrack is an open-source (released under open-source Apache 2.0 licenses) platform for remote assessment of digital biomarkers (DB) in neurological, psychiatric and other indications. JTrack is developed and maintained to comply with security, privacy and the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) requirements. A wide range of anonymized measurements from motion-sensors, social and physical activities and geolocation information can be collected in either active or passive modes by using JTrack Android-based smartphone application. JTrack also provides an online study management dashboard to monitor data collection across studies. To facilitate scaling, reproducibility, data management and sharing we integrated DataLad as a data management infrastructure. Smartphone-based Digital Biomarker data may provide valuable insight into daily-life behaviour in health and disease. As illustrated using sample data, JTrack provides as an easy and reliable open-source solution for collection of such information.

Sahandi Far|Mehran|M|
Stolz|Michael|M|
Fischer|Jona M|JM|
Eickhoff|Simon B|SB|
Dukart|Juergen|J|

biomarkers
remote monitoring
health science
mobile sensing
mobile toolkit


Dynamic Activation of Adsorbed Intermediates via Axial Traction for the Promoted Electrochemical CO2 Reduction.

Abstract: Regulating the local environment and structure of metal center coordinated by nitrogen ligands (M-N4 ) to accelerate overall reaction dynamics of the electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (CO2 RR) has attracted extensive attention. Herein, we develop an axial traction strategy to optimize the electronic structure of the M-N4 moiety and construct atomically dispersed nickel sites coordinated with four nitrogen atoms and one axial oxygen atom, which are embedded within the carbon matrix (Ni-N4 -O/C). The Ni-N4 -O/C electrocatalyst exhibited excellent CO2 RR performance with a maximum CO Faradic efficiency (FE) close to 100 % at -0.9 V. The CO FE could be maintained above 90 % in a wide range of potential window from -0.5 to -1.1 V. The superior CO2 RR activity is due to the Ni-N4 -O active moiety composed of a Ni-N4 site with an additional oxygen atom that induces an axial traction effect.

axial traction
dynamic understanding
electrochemical CO2RR
single-atom catalysts


The course of subjective sleep quality in middle and old adulthood and its relation to physical health.

Abstract:
OBJECTIVES
Older adults more often complain about sleep disturbances compared with younger adults. However, it is not clear whether there is still a decline of sleep quality after age 60 and whether changes in sleep quality in old age are mere reflections of impaired physical health or whether they represent a normative age-dependent development.

METHOD
Subjective sleep quality and perceived physical health were assessed in a large sample of 14,179 participants (52.7% women; age range 18-85) from the German Socio-Economic Panel Study across four yearly measurement time points.

RESULTS
Subjective sleep quality linearly declined from young adulthood until age 60. After age 60, a transient increase in subjective sleep quality occurred that coincides with retirement. After age 66, subjective sleep quality appears to decrease again. Physical health prospectively predicted subjective sleep quality and vice versa. These relations were similar for participants aged over and under 60.

DISCUSSION
Around retirement, a transient increase in subjective sleep quality appears to occur, which might reflect a decrease in work-related distress. Perceived physical health appears to be important for subjective sleep quality in old adults but not more important than at younger age.

Physical health
Old age
German Socio-Economic Panel Study
Retirement
Sleep quality.


Early clinical and angiographic outcomes after robotic-assisted coronary artery bypass surgery.

Abstract:
OBJECTIVE
Robotic-assisted coronary artery bypass grafting has emerged as an alternative to traditional coronary artery bypass grafting or percutaneous intervention for patients with coronary artery disease. However, the safety and efficacy of this minimally invasive procedure have not been established in large series.

METHODS
From October 2009 to September 2012, 307 consecutive robotic-assisted coronary artery bypass grafting procedures were performed at a single US institution by 2 surgeons. Isolated, off-pump, left internal thoracic artery to left anterior descending coronary artery grafting was planned via a 3- to 4-cm non-rib-spreading minithoracotomy after robotic left internal thoracic artery harvest in all patients. Hybrid coronary revascularization was planned in 159 patients (51.8%). Of the 199 angiograms (64.8%) performed before discharge, 63 were performed as completion angiograms in a hybrid suite immediately after left internal thoracic artery-left anterior descending artery grafting.

RESULTS
Thirty-day mortality occurred in 4 patients (1.3%), conversion to sternotomy occurred in 16 patients (5.2%), postoperative myocardial infarction occurred in 5 patients (1.6%), and reexploration for bleeding occurred in 7 patients (2.3%). There was 1 (0.3%) postoperative stroke. For the 199 patients with follow-up angiography before discharge, the left internal thoracic artery was confirmed to be patent (<50% stenosis) in 189 patients (95.0%). Among the 10 patients with significant (≥50% stenosis) defects, 5 had graft occlusion or distal left anterior descending occlusion, 2 had poor flow distal to the anastomosis, and 3 had anastomotic lesions (≥50% stenosis). Among the 63 patients with intraoperative completion angiography, 5 patients underwent surgical graft revision, 3 patients underwent minithoracotomy, and 2 patients underwent conversion to sternotomy.

CONCLUSIONS
Robotic-assisted coronary artery bypass grafting is an effective alternative to traditional coronary artery bypass grafting for patients with single or multivessel coronary artery disease, with comparable short-term clinical and angiographic results.

Halkos|Michael E|ME|
Liberman|Henry A|HA|
Devireddy|Chandan|C|
Walker|Patrick|P|
Finn|Aloke V|AV|
Jaber|Wissam|W|
Guyton|Robert A|RA|
Puskas|John D|JD|

D047549:Coronary Artery Bypass, Off-Pump

D007387:Internal Mammary-Coronary Artery Anastomosis

minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass

totally endoscopic coronary artery bypass


A mini-review of the rodent models for alcoholic liver disease: shortcomings, application, and future prospects.

Abstract: Rodents are the most common models in studies of alcoholic liver disease (ALD). Although several rodents ALD models have been established and multiple mechanisms have been elucidated based on them, these models have some non-negligible shortcomings, specifically only inducing early stage (mainly steatosis, slight to moderate steatohepatitis) but not the whole spectrum of human ALD. The resistance of rodents to advanced ALD has been suggested to be due to the physiological differences between rodents and human beings. Previous studies have reported significant interstrain differences in the susceptibility to ethanol-induced liver injury and in the manifestation of ALD (such as different alteration of lipid profiles). Therefore, it would be interesting to characterize the manifestation of ethanol-induced liver damage in various rodents, which may provide a recommendation to investigators of ALD. Furthermore, more severe ALD models need to be established for the study of serious ALD forms, which may be achieved by using genetic modified rodents.

rodents
alcoholic liver disease
animal model
ethanol


Development of Chronic Sphenoid Sinusitis After Sellar Reconstruction with Medpor Porous Polyethylene Implant.

Abstract:
OBJECTIVE
The Medpor porous polyethylene implant is reported to be safe and effective for sellar reconstruction after transsphenoidal surgery (TSS). However, we have observed several cases of delayed chronic sphenoid sinusitis related to the implant. The purpose of this study is to describe the presentation and management of implant-related sphenoid sinusitis after sellar reconstruction.

METHODS
This is a retrospective study of patients who underwent endonasal TSS with Medpor sellar reconstruction between December 2008 and January 2013 at a tertiary care institution. Patient demographics, initial surgical management, sinonasal symptoms, postoperative imaging, sinusitis management, and resulting outcomes were analyzed.

RESULTS
From 2008-2013, 139 patients underwent sellar reconstruction using Medpor. Five patients (3.6%) presented between 8 and 60 months after surgery with chronic sphenoid sinusitis that required surgical management. All 5 patients presented as outpatients for management of headaches and nasal drainage, 4 patients experienced chronic nasal congestion, and 3 patients noted recurrent sinusitis. At the time of revision surgery, all 5 patients were found to have mucosal inflammation and edema surrounding the implant, and 4 of the 5 had an exposed or partially extruded implant that was removed.

CONCLUSIONS
Reconstruction of the sellar floor may be performed after TSS to prevent postoperative complications. Although porous polyethylene implants have previously been described as safe and effective for this purpose, surgeons should be aware of the risk of subsequent implant extrusion and chronic sphenoid sinusitis that can occur in a delayed manner.

Farrell|Nyssa Fox|NF|
Kingdom|Todd T|TT|
Getz|Anne E|AE|
Lillehei|Kevin O|KO|
Youssef|A Samy|AS|
Ramakrishnan|Vijay R|VR|

Sphenoid sinusitis
Sellar reconstruction
Medpor
Porous polyethylene
Transsphenoidal surgery
CSF leak
Pituitary adenoma


MicroRNAs and regulated interaction networks reveal differences between adult and pediatric acute myeloid leukemia.

Abstract:
OBJECTIVES
The purpose of this study was to identify featured microRNAs and their regulated network between adult and pediatric acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and find potential utility as biomarkers for diagnosis and treatment of pediatric AML.

METHODS
We downloaded the microRNA expression dataset GSE35320 from Gene Expression Omnibus database and selected expression chips from bone marrow of 71 pediatric AML samples and 6 adulthood AML samples. Differentially expressed microRNAs were identified by Wilcox test. The target genes of these microRNAs were predicted using an integrative method and their functional enrichment analysis was performed using DAVID. Finally, STRING database and Cytoscape software was used to construct and analyze the interaction network.

RESULTS
A total of 7 differentially expressed microRNAs were identified and the remarkably up-regulated and down-regulated microRNAs were miR-16 and miR-142-5p which included 323 and 22 predicted target genes, respectively. The target genes of 7 microRNAs were most associated with regulation of cell cycle, p53 signaling pathway, Wnt signaling pathway and neurotrophin signaling pathway. The interaction network of miR-16 target genes was constructed among 354 high confidence interaction pairs. The core genes of the network, such as TP53, BCL2, VEGFA, had a role in prognosis of children with AML.

CONCLUSIONS
The featured microRNAs and their target genes are significant in the occurrence and development of pediatric AML, which is likely to be important for the identification of therapeutic targets and biomarkers for these patients.

Liu|Jing|J| Zhou|Lei|L| Fu|Xiaomin|X| Xu|Chen|C| Huang|Sai|S| Li|Yan|Y| Gao|Honghao|H| Guan|Wei|W| Yang|Lan|L| Lv|Na|N|

microRNA
interaction network
Pediatric acute myeloid leukemia
differential expression
miRNA-targeted therapy


Ice cream rounds: The adaptation, implementation, and evaluation of a peer-support wellness rounds in an emergency medicine resident training program.

Abstract:
Introduction/Innovation ConceptEmergency medicine (EM) requires physicians to deal with acutely ill patients in a fast-paced and dynamic environment, which creates a barrier to debriefing after critical events. These unique challenges can negatively impact wellness. We sought to adapt and implement a peer-support wellness program called 'Ice Cream Rounds' in an EM residency setting.

METHODS
A needs assessment survey was conducted among EM residents at The University of Ottawa to gauge interest and obtain resident input regarding program design. The structure of the sessions was adapted from similar initiatives in Canadian Pediatric Residency programs.Curriculum, Tool or MaterialConfidential peer-support sessions were created and piloted. Residents preferred peer facilitators, rather than staff, so two residents obtained training the Faculty of Medicine's Wellness Program to lead sessions. Attendance at rounds was voluntary; however, overall attendance was recorded along with feedback from pilot sessions. Discussion topics included difficult patient encounters, poor patient outcomes, challenges in residency, and ethical issues. Post implementation feedback demonstrated that Ice Cream Rounds was a helpful forum for residents to discuss important issues with colleagues.

CONCLUSIONS
This is the first Canadian EM training program to adapt, implement, and evaluate peer-support wellness rounds for debriefing, and this initiative can be easily adopted by any EM training program.

Calder-Sprackman|Samantha|S| Kumar|Thara|T| Gerin-Lajoie|Caroline|C| Kilvert|Megan|M| Sampsel|Kari|K|


Dietary menthol-induced TRPM8 activation enhances WAT "browning" and ameliorates diet-induced obesity.

Abstract: Beige adipocytes are a new type of recruitable brownish adipocytes, with highly mitochondrial membrane uncoupling protein 1 expression and thermogenesis. Beige adipocytes were found among white adipocytes, especially in subcutaneous white adipose tissue (sWAT). Therefore, beige adipocytes may be involved in the regulation of energy metabolism and fat deposition. Transient receptor potential melastatin 8 (TRPM8), a Ca2+-permeable non-selective cation channel, plays vital roles in the regulation of various cellular functions. It has been reported that TRPM8 activation enhanced the thermogenic function of brown adiposytes. However, the involvement of TRPM8 in the thermogenic function of WAT remains unexplored. Our data revealed that TRPM8 was expressed in mouse white adipocytes at mRNA, protein and functional levels. The mRNA expression of Trpm8 was significantly increased in the differentiated white adipocytes than pre-adipocytes. Moreover, activation of TRPM8 by menthol enhanced the expression of thermogenic genes in cultured white aidpocytes. And menthol-induced increases of the thermogenic genes in white adipocytes was inhibited by either KT5720 (a protein kinase A inhibitor) or BAPTA-AM. In addition, high fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity in mice was significantly recovered by co-treatment with menthol. Dietary menthol enhanced WAT "browning" and improved glucose metabolism in HFD-induced obesity mice as well. Therefore, we concluded that TRPM8 might be involved in WAT "browning" by increasing the expression levels of genes related to thermogenesis and energy metabolism. And dietary menthol could be a novel approach for combating human obesity and related metabolic diseases.

Jiang|Changyu|C| Zhai|Mingzhu|M| Yan|Dong|D| Li|Da|D| Li|Chen|C| Zhang|Yonghong|Y| Xiao|Lizu|L| Xiong|Donglin|D| Deng|Qiwen|Q| Sun|Wuping|W|

WAT
browning
obesity
beige adipocytes
thermogenesis


Organ donation after euthanasia starting at home in a patient with multiple system atrophy.

Abstract:
BACKGROUND
A patient who fulfils the due diligence requirements for euthanasia, and is medically suitable, is able to donate his organs after euthanasia in Belgium, the Netherlands and Canada. Since 2012, more than 70 patients have undergone this combined procedure in the Netherlands. Even though all patients who undergo euthanasia are suffering hopelessly and unbearably, some of these patients are nevertheless willing to help others in need of an organ. Organ donation after euthanasia is a so-called donation after circulatory death (DCD), Maastricht category III procedure, which takes place following cardiac arrest, comparable to donation after withdrawal of life sustaining therapy in critically ill patients. To minimize the period of organ ischemia, the patient is transported to the operating room immediately after the legally mandated no-touch period of 5 min following circulatory arrest. This means that the organ donation procedure following euthanasia must take place in the hospital, which appears to be insurmountable to many patients who are willing to donate, since they already spent a lot of time in the hospital.

CASE PRESENTATION
This article describes the procedure of organ donation after euthanasia starting at home (ODAEH) following anesthesia in a former health care professional suffering from multiple system atrophy. This case is unique for at least two reasons. He spent his last conscious hours surrounded by his family at home, after which he underwent general anaesthesia and was intubated, before being transported to the hospital for euthanasia and organ donation. In addition, the patient explicitly requested the euthanasia to be performed in the preparation room, next to the operating room, in order to limit the period of organ ischemia due to transport time from the intensive care unit to the operating room. The medical, legal and ethical considerations related to this illustrative case are subsequently discussed.

CONCLUSIONS
Organ donation after euthanasia is a pure act of altruism. This combined procedure can also be performed after the patient has been anesthetized at home and during transportation to the hospital.

Tajaâte|Najat|N|
van Dijk|Nathalie|N|0000-0003-2900-9538
Pragt|Elien|E|
Shaw|David|D|
Kempener-Deguelle|A|A|
de Jongh|Wim|W|
Bollen|Jan|J|0000-0002-2467-9826
van Mook|Walther|W|0000-0003-2398-8878

Organ donation
Euthanasia
Legal
Case report
Transplantation


Protein Requirements in Critically Ill Older Adults.

Abstract: Critically ill elderly patients' nutritional needs are not well understood and vary with the phase of illness and recovery. Patients' nutritional needs should be assessed early in hospitalization and re-assessed throughout the stay with additional attention during the transitions from critical illness, to severe illness, to post-hospital rehabilitation. In this review, we summarize recent findings and highlight recommendations for protein supplementation in critically ill geriatric patients throughout the stages of recovery. Future research specifically focusing on protein dose, its relationship with caloric needs, and delivery modality must be conducted to provide more specific guidelines for clinical practice.

D000367:Age Factors
D000368:Aged
D000369:Aged, 80 and over
D000375:Aging
D001823:Body Composition
D016638:Critical Illness
D004044:Dietary Proteins
D019587:Dietary Supplements
D002149:Energy Intake
D015577:Geriatric Assessment
D006760:Hospitalization
D006801:Humans
D008875:Middle Aged
D009752:Nutritional Status
D018529:Nutritional Support
D064167:Recommended Dietary Allowances
D012307:Risk Factors

protein
older adult
nutrition
hospitalization


Internal herniation through lesser omentum hiatus and gastrocolic ligament with malrotation: a case report.

Abstract:
BACKGROUND
Internal herniation through lesser omentum hiatus and gastrocolic ligament with malrotation is extremely rare. This type of internal hernia has rarely been described before. Preoperative diagnosis is difficult and prone to misdiagnosis.

CASE PRESENTATION
A 38-year-old Chinese woman was an emergency admission to our hospital with a sudden onset of acute epigastralgia for the past 14 hours. We made a presumptive diagnosis of gastrointestinal perforation and septic shock. Due to the acute onset and rapid progress, she received timely surgical treatment. During operation, we observed that her small intestine herniated into the hepatogastric ligament and ligamentum gastrocolicum hiatus accompanied with intestinal malrotation that resulted in internal hernia. We found a diverticulum of approximately 3.0 × 6.0 cm sited at a distance of 80 cm from the ileocecal intestine. We resected the strangulated intestinal loop and the diverticulum, performed an appendicectomy, and closed the ligamentous fissure. Postoperation, she recovered smoothly, without any complications, and was discharged on day 6.

CONCLUSIONS
A case of internal hernia formation is quite rare; accurate preoperative diagnosis and timely surgery are essential because it can cause strangulation of the ileus. However, the incidence of this internal herniation is low and preoperative diagnosis is difficult. An accurate preoperative diagnosis of internal hernia is still a challenge.

Li|Ang|A| Hu|Renwang|R| Zhou|Dong|D| Li|Senmao|S| Huang|Dan|D| Wei|Xin|X| Cao|Zhixin|Z|

Internal herniation
Lesser omentum hiatus
Malrotation
Case report


Strong cross-system interactions drive the activation of the QseB response regulator in the absence of its cognate sensor.

Abstract: Bacterial two-component systems (TCSs) mediate specific responses to distinct conditions and/or stresses. TCS interactions are highly specific between cognate partners to avoid unintended cross-talk. Although cross-talk between a sensor kinase and a noncognate response regulator has been previously demonstrated, the majority of reported interactions have not been robust. Here, we report that in the case of the quorum-sensing Escherichia coli (Qse)BC TCS, absence of the cognate sensor QseC leads to robust, constitutive activation of the QseB response regulator by the noncognate polymyxin resistance (Pmr) sensor kinase PmrB. Remarkably, the noncognate PmrB exhibits a kinetic preference for QseB that is similar to QseC. However, although PmrB readily phosphorylates QseB in vitro, it is significantly less efficient at dephosphorylating QseB, compared with QseC, thereby explaining the increased levels of active QseB in the qseC mutant. In addition to PmrB activating QseB on the protein level, we found that the PmrA response regulator contributes to qseB transcription in the absence of QseC and PmrA specifically binds the qseBC promoter, indicative of a direct regulation of qseBC gene transcription by PmrAB under physiological conditions. Addition of ferric iron in the growth medium of wild-type uropathogenic E. coli induced the expression of qseBC in a PmrB-dependent manner. Taken together, our findings suggest that (i) robust cross-talk between noncognate partners is possible and (ii) this interaction can be manipulated for the development of antivirulence strategies aimed at targeting uropathogenic Escherichia coli and potentially other QseBC-PmrAB-bearing pathogens.

Guckes|Kirsten R|KR|
Kostakioti|Maria|M|
Breland|Erin J|EJ|
Gu|Alice P|AP|
Shaffer|Carrie L|CL|
Martinez|Charles R|CR|
Hultgren|Scott J|SJ|
Hadjifrangiskou|Maria|M|

D024202:Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay

D015964:Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial

D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction

phosphorylation
UPEC
regulatory networks
signal transduction


Furan-site transformations of obacunone as potent insecticidal agents.

Abstract: Furan ring is a key pharmacophore for insecticidal activity of limoninoids. To develop natural-product-based insecticidal agents, a series of furan-site transformations (2, 3 and 3a-j) of obacunone were synthesized by selective bromination and following coupling reactions without altering other functional groups. Bioassays indicated that derivatives 3e, 3f and 3j displayed more potent insecticidal activity than obacunone and toosendanin against the instar larvae of Mythimna separate Walker. Besides, their structure-activity relationships were discussed.

Xiang|Ping|P| Cao|Qing-Hao|QH| Dong|Qing-Miao|QM| Yang|Xiao-Jun|XJ| Tang|Jiang-Jiang|JJ| Bai|Hongjin|H|


Prevention of sudden death in adolescent athletes: Incremental diagnostic value and cost-effectiveness of diagnostic tests.

Abstract: Introduction Pre-participation screening in athletes attempts to reduce the incidence of sudden death during sports by identifying susceptible individuals. The objective of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic capacity of the different pre-participation screening points in adolescent athletes and the cost effectiveness of the programme. Methods Athletes were studied between 12-18 years old. Pre-participation screening included the American Heart Association questionnaire, electrocardiogram, echocardiogram, and stress test. The cost of test was established by the Catalan public health system. Results Of 1650 athletes included, 57% were men and mean age was 15.09 ± 1.82 years. Positive findings were identified as follows: in American Heart Association questionnaire 5.09% of subjects, in electrocardiogram 3.78%, in echocardiogram 4.96%, and in exercise test 1.75%. Six athletes (0.36%) were disqualified from participation and 10 (0.60%) were referred for interventional treatment. Diagnostic capacity was assessed by the area under the curve for detection of diseases that motivated disqualification for sport practice (American Heart Association questionnaire, 0.55; electrocardiogram, 0.72; echocardiogram, 0.88; stress test, 0.57). The cost for each athlete disqualified from the sport for a disease causing sudden death was €45,578. Conclusion The electrocardiogram and echocardiogram were the most useful studies to detect athletes susceptible to sudden death, and the stress test best diagnosed arrhythmias with specific treatment. In our country, pre-participatory screening was cost effective to detect athletes who might experience sudden death in sports.

Grazioli|Gonzalo|G|
Sanz de la Garza|Maria|M|
Vidal|Barbara|B|
Montserrat|Silvia|S|
Sarquella-Brugada|Georgia|G|
Pi|Ramon|R|
Til|Lluis|L|
Gutierrez|Josep|J|
Brugada|Josep|J|
Sitges|Marta|M|

sudden death
Athletes
cost-effectiveness
pre-participation screening
electrocardiogram
echocardiogram
stress test


ulfasQTL: an ultra-fast method of composite splicing QTL analysis.

Abstract:
BACKGROUND
Alternative splicing plays important roles in many regulatory processes and diseases in human. Many genetic variants contribute to phenotypic differences in gene expression and splicing that determine variations in human traits. Detecting genetic variants that affect splicing phenotypes is essential for understanding the functional impact of genetic variations on alternative splicing. For many situations, the key phenotype is the relative splicing ratios of alternative isoforms rather than the expression values of individual isoforms. Splicing quantitative trait loci (sQTL) analysis methods have been proposed for detecting associations of genetic variants with the vectors of isoform splicing ratios of genes. We call this task as composite sQTL analysis. Existing methods are computationally intensive and cannot scale up for whole genome analysis.

RESULTS
We developed an ultra-fast method named ulfasQTL for this task based on a previous method sQTLseekeR. It transforms tests of splicing ratios of multiple genes to a matrix form for efficient computation, and therefore can be applied for sQTL analysis at whole-genome scales at the speed thousands times faster than the existing method. We tested ulfasQTL on the data from the GEUVADIS project and compared it with an existing method.

CONCLUSIONS
ulfasQTL is a very efficient tool for composite splicing QTL analysis and can be applied on whole-genome analysis with acceptable time.

Yang|Qian|Q| Hu|Yue|Y| Li|Jun|J| Zhang|Xuegong|X|

Ultra-fast method
Alternative splicing
Genetic variants
sQTL
Genome-wide


Methamphetamine induces neuronal death: Evidence from rodent studies.

Abstract: Animal studies have consistently observed neuronal death following methamphetamine (MA) administration, however, these have not been systematically reviewed. This systematic review aims to present the evidence for MA-induced neuronal death in animals (rodents) and identify the regions affected. Locating the brain regions in which neuronal death occurs in animal studies will provide valuable insight into the linkage between MA consumption and the structural alterations observed in the human brain. The data were collected from three databases: Scopus, Ovid, and the Web of Science. Thirty-seven studies met the inclusion criteria and were divided into two sub-groups, i.e. acute and repeated administration. Twenty-six (of 27) acute and ten (of 11) repeated administration studies observed neuronal death. A meta-analysis was not possible due to different variables between studies, i.e. species, treatment regimens, withdrawal periods, methods of quantification, and regions studied. Acute MA treatment induced neuronal death in the frontal cortex, striatum, and substantia nigra, but not in the hippocampus, whereas repeated MA administration led to neuronal loss in the hippocampus, frontal cortex, and striatum. In addition, when animals self-administered the drug, neuronal death was observed at much lower doses than the doses administered by experimenters. There is some overlap in the regions where neuronal death occurred in animals and the identified regions from human studies. For instance, gray matter deficits have been observed in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus of MA users. The findings presented in this review implicate that not only does MA induce neuronal death in animals, but it also damages the same regions affected in human users. Despite the inter-species differences, animal studies have contributed significantly to addiction research, and are still of great assistance for future research with a more relevant model of compulsive drug use in humans.

Sabrini|Sabrini|S| Russell|Bruce|B| Wang|Grace|G| Lin|Joanne|J| Kirk|Ian|I| Curley|Louise|L|

D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants

Methamphetamine
Frontal cortex
Striatum
Hippocampus
Neuronal loss
Apoptosis
Cell death
Neurotoxicity
Self-administration


Role of a patatin-like phospholipase in Plasmodium falciparum gametogenesis and malaria transmission.

Abstract: Transmission of Plasmodium falciparum involves a complex process that starts with the ingestion of gametocytes by female Anopheles mosquitoes during a blood meal. Activation of gametocytes in the mosquito midgut triggers "rounding up" followed by egress of both male and female gametes. Egress requires secretion of a perforin-like protein, PfPLP2, from intracellular vesicles to the periphery, which leads to destabilization of peripheral membranes. Male gametes also develop flagella, which assist in binding female gametes for fertilization. This process of gametogenesis, which is key to malaria transmission, involves extensive membrane remodeling as well as vesicular discharge. Phospholipase A2 enzymes (PLA2) are known to mediate membrane remodeling and vesicle secretion in diverse organisms. Here, we show that a P. falciparum patatin-like phospholipase (PfPATPL1) with PLA2 activity plays a key role in gametogenesis. Conditional deletion of the gene encoding PfPATPL1 does not affect P. falciparum blood stage growth or gametocyte development but reduces efficiency of rounding up, egress, and exflagellation of gametocytes following activation. Interestingly, deletion of the PfPATPL1 gene inhibits secretion of PfPLP2, reducing the efficiency of gamete egress. Deletion of PfPATPL1 also reduces the efficiency of oocyst formation in mosquitoes. These studies demonstrate that PfPATPL1 plays a role in gametogenesis, thereby identifying PLA2 phospholipases such as PfPATPL1 as potential targets for the development of drugs to block malaria transmission.

Singh|Pallavi|P|
Alaganan|Aditi|A|
More|Kunal R|KR|
Lorthiois|Audrey|A|
Thiberge|Sabine|S|
Gorgette|Olivier|O|
Guillotte Blisnick|Micheline|M|
Guglielmini|Julien|J|
Aguilera|Shivani Shankar|SS|
Touqui|Lhousseine|L|
Singh|Shailja|S|0000-0001-5286-6605
Chitnis|Chetan E|CE|

D019295:Computational Biology
D005718:Gametogenesis
D006801:Humans
D008018:Life Cycle Stages
D016778:Malaria, Falciparum
D010740:Phospholipases
D010963:Plasmodium falciparum
D015800:Protozoan Proteins
D017384:Sequence Deletion

patatin-like phospholipases
malaria
malaria transmission
Plasmodium gametogenesis


Enhancing Sensitivity of a Miniature Spectrometer Using a Real-Time Image Processing Algorithm.

Abstract: A real-time image processing algorithm is developed to enhance the sensitivity of a planar single-mode waveguide miniature spectrometer with integrated waveguide gratings. A novel approach of averaging along the arcs in a curved coordinate system is introduced which allows for collecting more light, thereby enhancing the sensitivity. The algorithm is tested using CdSeS/ZnS quantum dots drop casted on the surface of a single-mode waveguide. Measurements indicate that a monolayer of quantum dots is expected to produce guided mode attenuation approximately 11 times above the noise level.

miniature spectrometers
Image processing
data processing algorithm
diffraction gratings


Chemical proteomic analysis of the potential toxicological mechanisms of microcystin-RR in zebrafish (Danio rerio) liver.

Abstract: Microcystins (MCs) are common toxins produced by freshwater cyanobacteria, and they represent a potential health risk to aquatic organisms and animals, including humans. Specific inhibition of protein phosphatases 1 and 2A is considered the typical mechanism of MCs toxicity, but the exact mechanism has not been fully elucidated. To further our understanding of the toxicological mechanisms induced by MCs, this study is the first to use a chemical proteomic approach to screen proteins that exhibit special interactions with MC-arginine-arginine (MC-RR) from zebrafish (Danio rerio) liver. Seventeen proteins were identified via affinity blocking test. Integration of the results of previous studies and this study revealed that these proteins play a crucial role in various toxic phenomena of liver induced by MCs, such as the disruption of cytoskeleton assembly, oxidative stress, and metabolic disorder. Moreover, in addition to inhibition of protein phosphate activity, the overall toxicity of MCs was simultaneously modulated by the distribution of MCs in cells and their interactions with other target proteins. These results provide new insight into the mechanisms of hepatotoxicity induced by MCs. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 31: 1206-1216, 2016.

Tuo|Xun|X| Chen|Jun|J| Zhao|Sujuan|S| Xie|Ping|P|

D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid

D019032:Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization

chemical proteomics
toxicological mechanisms
microcystin-RR
zebrafish
liver


Integrated metabonomic-proteomic studies on blood enrichment effects of Angelica sinensis on a blood deficiency mice model.

Abstract:
CONTEXT
Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels (Umbelliferae) (AS) is a well-known Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) that enriches and regulates the blood.

OBJECTIVE
An integrated metabonomic and proteomic method was developed and applied to study the blood enrichment effects and mechanisms of AS on blood deficiency (BD) mouse model.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
Forty mice were randomly divided into the control, BD, High-dose of AS (ASH), Middle-dose of AS (ASM), and Low-dose of AS (ASL) groups. BD model mice were established by injecting N-acetylphenylhydrazine (APH) and cyclophosphamide (CTX) (ip). The aqueous extract of AS was administered at three dose of 20, 10, or 5 g/kg b. wt. orally for 7 consecutive days before/after APH and CTX administration. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) combined with pattern recognition method and 2D gel electrophoresis (2-DE) proteomics were performed in this study to discover the underlying hematopoietic regulation mechanisms of AS on BD mouse model.

RESULTS
Unlike in the control group, the HSP90 and arginase levels increased significantly (p < 0.05) in the BD group, but the levels of carbonic anhydrase, GAPDH, catalase, fibrinogen, GSTP, carboxylesterase and hem binding protein in the BD group decreased significantly (p < 0.05). Unlike the levels in the BD group, the levels of these biomarkers were regulated to a normal state near the control group in the ASM group. Unlike in the control group, l-alanine, arachidonic acid, l-valine, octadecanoic acid, glycine, hexadecanoic acid, l-threonine, butanoic acid, malic acid, l-proline and propanoic acid levels increased significantly (p < 0.05) in the BD group, the levels of d-fructose in the BD group decreased significantly (p < 0.05). The relative concentrations of 12 endogenous metabolites were also significantly affected by the ASL, ASM, and ASH treatments. Notably, most of the altered BD-related metabolites were restored to normal state after ASM administration.

CONCLUSION
AS can promote hematopoietic activities, inhibit production of reactive oxygen species, regulate energy metabolism, increase antiapoptosis, and potentially contribute to the blood enrichment effects of AS against APH- and CTX-induced BD mice.

Hua|Yongli|Y| Yao|Wangling|W| Ji|Peng|P| Wei|Yanming|Y|

GC-MS
2D gel electrophoresis
hematopoietic activities


Domestic violence against children detected and managed in the routine of dentistry - A systematic review.

Abstract: The domestic violence against children (DVAC) interferes in the psychological development leading to sequels that manifest and persist up to the adulthood. The physical evidences of domestic violence are more easily observed in the orofacial complex, becoming eventually detected by dentists. The present systematic literature review aimed to investigate the perception, knowledge and attitude of dentists towards the detection and management of DVAC cases. A systematic search was performed in 6 databases: PubMed, ScienceDirect, LILACS, SciELO, GoogleScholar, and OpenGrey. Cross-sectional articles assessing the perception, knowledge, and attitude of dentists facing potential cases of DVAC were selected. No restriction of language, time, and publication status was considered. The search resulted in 1.024 articles, of which 18 fit the eligibility criteria. The knowledge for detecting cases of DVAC obtained during the undergraduation course was classified by the dentists (in 39% of the articles) as "insufficient". When suspecting of cases involving domestic violence, most of the dentists (in 77.75% of the articles) considered reporting to the competent authorities. However, the dentists are not sure about who these authorities are (in 31.25% of the articles). More attention must be given to the Forensic education in Dentistry. Specifically, proper training is necessary to support the dentists on the detection and management of pediatric patients under domestic violence. Systematic Review Registration Number: PROSPERO CRD42015026747 (http://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO).

Rodrigues|José L S A|JLSA|
Lima|Anderson P B|APB|
Nagata|Juliana Y|JY|
Rigo|Lilian|L|
Cericato|Graziela O|GO|
Franco|Ademir|A|
Paranhos|Luiz R|LR|

Domestic violence
Dentistry
Child abuse
Forensic dentistry


Effect of Tris-acetate buffer on endotoxin removal from human-like collagen used biomaterials.

Abstract: Protein preparation, which has active ingredients designated for the use of biomaterials and therapeutical protein, is obtained by genetic engineering, but products of genetic engineering are often contaminated by endotoxins. Because endotoxin is a ubiquitous and potent proinflammatory agent, endotoxin removal or depletion from protein is essential for researching any biomaterials. In this study, we have used Tris-acetate (TA) buffer of neutral pH value to evaluate endotoxins absorbed on the Pierce high-capacity endotoxin removal resin. The effects of TA buffer on pH, ionic strength, incubation time as well as human-like collagen (HLC) concentration on eliminating endotoxins are investigated. In the present experiments, we design an optimal method for TA buffer to remove endotoxin from recombinant collagen and use a chromogenic tachypleus amebocyte lysate (TAL) test kit to measure the endotoxin level of HLC. The present results show that, the endotoxins of HLC is dropped to 8.3EU/ml at 25 mM TA buffer (pH7.8) with 150 mM NaCl when setting incubation time at 6h, and HLC recovery is about 96%. Under this experimental condition, it is proved to exhibit high efficiencies of both endotoxin removal and collagen recovery. The structure of treated HLC was explored by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), demonstrating that the property and structure of HLC treated by TA buffer are maintained. Compared to the most widely used endotoxin removal method, Triton X-114 extraction, using TA buffer can obtain the non-toxic HLC without extra treatment for removing the toxic substances in Triton X-114. In addition, the present study aims at establishing a foundation for further work in laboratory animal science and providing a foundation for medical grade biomaterials.

Zhang|Huizhi|H| Fan|Daidi|D| Deng|Jianjun|J| Zhu|Chenghui|C| Hui|Junfeng|J| Ma|Xiaoxuan|X|

Endotoxin removal
Human-like collagen
Biomaterials
Tris buffer


4-(2-Nitro-benz-yl)-3-phenyl-3,4-di-hydro-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-2-ol.

Abstract: The title compound, C21H18N2O4, crystallizes with two independent mol-ecules (A and B) in the asymmetric unit. In both mol-ecules the oxazine ring has an envelope conformation with the hydroxyl-substituted C atom as the flap. The nitro-benzyl ring and the phenyl ring are almost normal to the mean plane of the benzooxazine ring system with dihdral angles of 85.72 (15) and 82.69 (15)°, respectively, in mol-ecule A, and 85.79 (15) and 87.72 (15)°, respectively, in mol-ecule B. The main difference in the conformation of the two mol-ecules concerns the dihedral angle between the nitro-benzyl ring and the phenyl ring, viz. 79.67 (18) in mol-ecule A and 71.13 (18)° in mol-ecule B. In the crystal, the A and B mol-ecules are linked by an O-H⋯O hydrogen bond. These units are then linked via C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming sheets lying parallel to (010). Further C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds link the sheets to form a three-dimensional network. There are also O-H⋯π and C-H⋯π inter-actions present, reinforcing the three-dimensional structure.

Chouguiat|Louisa|L| Boulcina|Raouf|R| Bouacida|Sofiane|S| Merazig|Hocine|H| Debache|Abdelmadjid|A|


Use of phospholipase C zeta analysis to identify candidates for artificial oocyte activation: a case series of clinical pregnancies and a proposed algorithm for patient management.

Abstract:
OBJECTIVE
To investigate the applicability of phospholipase C zeta (PLCζ) analysis in assisting the clinical decision-making process when considering artificial oocyte activation (AOA) for infertile males in assisted reproductive technology.

DESIGN
Fifty-six males (43 infertile/13 fertile) were screened using our PLCζ assay.

SETTING
Fertility unit/university laboratory.

PATIENT(S)
Infertile males with abnormal sperm morphology or total fertilization failure, low fertilization rate (<50%), or repeated fertilization failure in assisted reproductive technology.

INTERVENTION(S)
We analyzed PLCζ levels in sperm from fertile and infertile males. Eligible patients subsequently underwent intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI)/artificial oocyte activation (AOA) with calcimycin (GM508).

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S)
PLCζ localization and level and the proportion of sperm expressing PLCζ. Thresholds of PLCζ deficiency, fertilization rates, pregnancy rates, and live birth rates of AOA and non-AOA cycles.

RESULT(S)
Compared with 13 fertile controls, 34 of the 43 infertile males had significantly lower levels of PLCζ and/or a significantly lower proportion of sperm exhibiting PLCζ. Of these 34 patients, 15 showed a significant PLCζ reduction in both parameters, which we termed "PLCζ deficiency." Five PLCζ-deficient patients opted for AOA; all five achieved fertilization, and four achieved clinical pregnancies and live births. The fertilization rate improved significantly from 18.6% (ICSI) to 56.8% (ICSI/AOA). The clinical pregnancy rate and live birth rate with AOA were both 40% per initiated cycle. Youden index analysis revealed that the cutoffs below which infertile males were likely to benefit from AOA were 71% for the proportion of sperm expressing PLCζ and 15.57 arbitrary units for mean PLCζ level.

CONCLUSION(S)
PLCζ analysis is a useful diagnostic tool to determine patient eligibility for subsequent AOA treatment.

Meng|Xin|X| Melo|Pedro|P| Jones|Celine|C| Ross|Caroline|C| Mounce|Ginny|G| Turner|Karen|K| Child|Tim|T| Coward|Kevin|K|

phospholipase C zeta and PLCζ deficiency


Neuropsychiatric symptoms following sore throat in a young boy.

Abstract: A previously healthy 6-year-old boy was referred to us by his primary provider, with a history of sudden onset behavioural abnormalities including irritability, sleep disturbance and anxiety. Physical examination revealed no significant findings; further analyses were not suggestive of meningitis, encephalitis, metabolic abnormalities, toxicity or any other obvious cause. On rechecking the patient's history, an episode of throat pain 1 week prior to the symptom onset was noted. Therefore, the possibility of paediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders associated with streptococcal infections (PANDAS) was considered. The antistreptolysin O titre was high (1078 IU/mL), and it increased to 1194 IU/mL 4 weeks later, leading to a diagnosis of PANDAS. He was started on ampicillin and administered one dose of intravenous immunoglobulin. His abnormal behaviours subsided and he returned to a normal state within 48 hours of treatment. This report aims to provide insights into the symptomology and diagnosis of PANDAS in children.

Jadah|Raafat Hammad Seroor|RHS|
Mujeeb|Athar Abdul|AA|

child and adolescent psychiatry (paediatrics)


Post-biopsy MRI changes in the size and enhancement of intramuscular myxomas: A report of two cases.

Abstract: Intramuscular myxomas are benign soft-tissue tumors, characterized by bland spindle-shaped cells and fibroblasts within an abundant mucoid matrix on histologic examination. Classically, these are slowly enlarging masses which may occasionally cause pain, paresthesia, and muscle weakness secondary to mass effect. We present an interesting phenomenon of two histologically confirmed cases of intramuscular myxomas that exhibited size and enhancement changes on follow-up imaging after image-guided biopsy. To our knowledge, this is the first report to describe size and enhancement changes of intramuscular myxomas after biopsy.

Wang|Wilbur|W|
Smitaman|Edward|E|
Rubenstein|Wesley|W|
Hughes|Tudor|T|
Huang|Brady K|BK|

MRI
Intramuscular myxoma
Percutaneous biopsy


Engaging consumers in medicaid nursing home reimbursement policy: lessons from New York and Minnesota.

Abstract:
PURPOSE OF THE STUDY
This study draws lessons for successful consumer engagement in Medicaid nursing home (NH) reimbursement policy from New York and Minnesota. In these two states, resident advocates have influenced reimbursement policy to better encourage access, care quality, and quality of life.

DESIGN AND METHODS
Twenty-four semi-structured interviews were conducted, including consumer advocates, state agency officials, legislators/legislative staff, and NH industry representatives. Transcripts were coded to identify recurring themes and patterns in responses. Related documents were reviewed as well.

FINDINGS
Interviewees report that consumer advocates should participate in NH reimbursement policy making to provide a unique perspective distinct from other stakeholder groups. Skills necessary for successful participation include developing, demonstrating, and sharing expertise to gain credibility as a legitimate actor. Effective strategies include participating on state workgroups and taskforces and developing and accessing relationships with key legislative and executive branch officials. A division of labor may be useful with those consumer advocates possessing expertise in NH reimbursement policy partnering with other organizations with the experience and resources necessary to marshal grassroots support.

IMPLICATIONS
State and federal reimbursement reform provide opportunities for consumer advocacy influence during the design and implementation process. The experience of consumer groups in New York and Minnesota provide lessons for advocates looking to influence these and other reimbursement initiatives.

Medicaid
Nursing homes
Reimbursement
Consumer advocates
Lobbying


Domestication modulates the expression of genes involved in neurogenesis in high-quality eggs of Sander lucioperca.

Abstract: Pikeperch, Sander lucioperca, is a species of high interest to the aquaculture. The expansion of its production can only be achieved by furthering domestication level. However, the mechanisms driving the domestication process in finfishes are poorly understood. Transcriptome profiling of eggs was found to be a useful tool allowing understanding of the domestication process in teleosts. In this study, using next-generation sequencing, the first pikeperch transcriptome has been generated as well as pikeperch-specific microarray comprising 35,343 unique probes. Next, we performed transcriptome profiling of eggs obtained from wild and domesticated populations. We found 710 differentially expressed genes that were linked mostly to nervous system development. These results provide new insights into processes that are directly involved in the domestication of finfishes. It can be suggested that all the identified processes were predetermined by the maternally derived set of genes contained in the unfertilized eggs. This allows us to suggest that fish behavior, along with many other processes, can be predetermined at the cellular level and may have significant implications on the adaptation of cultured fish to the natural environment. This also allows to suggest that fish behavior should be considered as a very important pikeperch aquaculture selection trait.

Żarski|Daniel|D|
Le Cam|Aurelie|A|
Nynca|Joanna|J|
Klopp|Christophe|C|
Ciesielski|Sławomir|S|
Sarosiek|Beata|B|
Montfort|Jerome|J|
Król|Jarosław|J|
Fontaine|Pascal|P|
Ciereszko|Andrzej|A|
Bobe|Julien|J|

D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental

pikeperch aquaculture transcriptomics microarray


Interactions between aluminium, iron and silicon in Cucumber sativus L. grown under acidic conditions.

Abstract: Aluminium (Al) is one of the major stressors for plants in acidic soils, negatively affecting plant growth and nutrient balances. Significant efforts have been undertaken to understand mechanisms of Al tolerance in plants. However, little is known of the relevance of iron (Fe) and silicon (Si) nutrition under Al stress conditions. The objectives of this study were to determine whether effects induced by Fe and Si are of importance for limitation of Al moving via xylem in plants (Cucumis sativus L.). Cucumber plants (cv. Phoenix and Solovei) were grown (i) hydroponically in a complete nutrient solution at pH 4.0, either with (+Fe) or in Fe-free (-Fe) nutrient solution, without (-Si) or with (+Si) supply of Si, without (-Al) or with (+Al) exposure of Al and (ii) in soil. Xylem sap concentrations of Al, Fe and Si were measured. To characterise the pattern of xylem sap transport of Al and Fe, metabolomic changes of root tissues were investigated. Although the growth of cucumber plants was not significantly affected by Al3+ (Al-tolerant), Al exposure decreased xylem sap Fe (+Fe plants) and increased ferric chelate reductase (FC-R) activity of roots (-Fe plants). On the other hand, Fe supply greatly mitigated the Al-induced increase in xylem sap Al. The ameliorative effect of Fe depended on plant genotypes and was more pronounced in the more Fe-efficient cultivar Phoenix, which presented the highest level of xylem sap Fe. Xylem sap Fe was positively correlated with root serine, succinic and fumaric acids, suggesting that a probable underlying mechanism of Al tolerance might involve the chelation of Fe by biosynthesis of these chelating compounds. The Si-modulated root succinate increase appears to be of great importance for facilitating long-distance transport of Fe, thereby hindering Al transport from roots to shoots. The results highlight for the first time the importance of both Fe and Si supply in plant exclusion of Al under acidic conditions.

Bityutskii|Nikolai P|NP|
Yakkonen|Kirill L|KL|
Petrova|Anastasiya I|AI|
Shavarda|Alexey L|AL|

Interactions
Aluminium
Iron
Silicon
Acidic conditions
Cucumis sativus


Stalling autophagy: a new function for Listeria phospholipases.

Abstract: Listeria monocytogenes is a Gram-positive bacterial pathogen that induces its own uptake in non-phagocytic cells. Following invasion, Listeria escapes from the entry vacuole through the secretion of a pore-forming toxin, listeriolysin O (LLO) that acts to damage and disrupt the vacuole membrane. Listeria then replicates in the cytosol and is able to spread from cell-to-cell using actin-based motility. In addition to LLO, Listeria produces two phospholipase toxins, a phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C (PI-PLC, encoded by plcB) and a broad-range phospholipase C (PC-PLC, encoded by plcA), which contribute to bacterial virulence. It has long been recognized that secretion of PI- and PC-PLC enables the disruption of the double membrane vacuole during cell-to-cell spread, and those phospholipases have also been shown to augment LLO-dependent escape from the entry endosome. However, a specific role for Listeria phospholipases during the cytosolic stage of infection has not been previously reported. In a recent study, we demonstrated that Listeria PI-PLC and PC-PLC contribute to the bacterial escape from autophagy through a mechanism that involves direct inhibition of the autophagic flux in the infected cells [Tattoli et al. EMBO J (2013), 32, 3066-3078].

Tattoli|Ivan|I|
Sorbara|Matthew T|MT|
Philpott|Dana J|DJ|
Girardin|Stephen E|SE|


Association Between Outcomes and Demographic Factors in an Azeri Turkish Population With Cystic Fibrosis: A Cross-Sectional Study in Iran From 2001 Through 2014.

Abstract:
BACKGROUND
Outcomesforcystic fibrosis patients are improving rapidly. The demographic factors are notable variables inoutcomes, which can be evaluated and modified.

OBJECTIVES
This study was designed to investigate the association between outcome and demographic factors in patients with cystic fibrosis.

PATIENTS AND METHODS
This was a cross-sectional study and data were gathered for 331 patients using the census method, from March 2001 to September 2014 in Iran. Data was analyzed using logistic regression analysis, chi-square test, and independent sample t test using SPSS 18. Odds ratio with confidence intervals of 95% and P < 0.05 were considered significant.

RESULTS
There were 85 (25.7%) deceased patients and 246 (74.3%) living patients at the time of the study. Of the 246 living CF patients, 202 (82.2%) were less than nine years of age, and 77 (90.6%) out of the 85 deceased CF patients had died younger than four years of age. There was a significant difference between outcome and location of residence. The risk of mortality was 50% less in urban patients than in rural patients (P = 0.03). The risk of mortality was approximately two times higher in patients with a positive family history than in those with a negative family history (P = 0.02). The proportion of mortality was approximately two times, or 94%, higher for those in a consanguineous marriage than for those in a non-consanguineous marriage (P = 0.01).

CONCLUSIONS
The results demonstrated that the mortality rate was higher in CF patients with a positive family history, a consanguineous marriage, and residence in a rural area. Therefore, demographic factors play an important role in the outcome of cystic fibrosis. Unfortunately, these parameters, which can be managed easily and with low cost, have been overlooked.

Vahedi|Leila|L| Jabarpoor-Bonyadi|Morteza|M| Ghojazadeh|Morteza|M| Hazrati|Hakimeh|H| Rafeey|Mandana|M|

Cystic Fibrosis
Iran
Living Patients
Deceased Patients Living Patients


Occurrences and changes of disinfection by-products in small water supply systems.

Abstract: The small water supply systems (WSSs) often report high concentrations of disinfection by-products (DBPs) in drinking water. In this study, occurrences of trihalomethanes (THMs) and haloacetic acids (HAAs) in Newfoundland and Labrador (NL), Canada, were investigated from 441 WSSs for a period of 18 years (1999-2016). The WSSs were divided into groundwater (GWP) and surface water (SWP) systems, which were further classified into eight sub-groups (P1-P8) based on the population served (≤ 100; 101-250; 251-500; 501-1000; 1001-3000; 3001-5000; 5001-10,000; and 10,000+, respectively). The DBPs with probable and possible carcinogenic forms were estimated. Overall, 31.1% of WSSs were GWP, in which averages of THMs and HAAs were 32.2 and 27.7 μg/L, respectively, while the SWP had averages of THMs and HAAs of 97.6 and 129.2 μg/L, respectively. The very small WSSs (P1-P3) of GWP had averages of THMs and HAAs in the ranges of 29.1-43.5 and 15.8-64.3 μg/L, respectively. The P1-P3 of SWP had averages of THMs and HAAs in the ranges of 92.6-112.8 and 108.0-154.0 μg/L, respectively, which often exceeded the Canadian guideline limits. If the samples represented the populations homogenously, the total populations exposed to THMs or HAA5 above the guideline values would be in the range of 132.08-181.38 in thousands (30.3-41.6% of total populations). The probable and possible carcinogenic forms of THMs in GWP and SWP were in the ranges of 4.8-48.8 and 4.4-7.0% of THMs, respectively. In HAAs, carcinogenic forms were in the ranges of 82.6-98.4 and 97.6-98.7%, respectively. The findings indicated that the SWP might need further attention to better protect human health.

Small water supply systems
Disinfection by-products (DBPs)
Drinking water
Population served
Human health protection


Pediatric Pulmonology year in review 2014: Part 1.

Abstract: Our discipline and our journal cover an extremely broad range of research and scholarly topics related to children's respiratory disorders. To better meet the needs of our readership for updated perspectives on the rapidly expanding knowledge in our field, we here summarize the past year's publications in our major topic areas, as well as selected publications in these areas from the core clinical journal literature outside our own pages.

Noah|Terry L|TL|
Yilmaz|Ozge|O|
Nicolai|Thomas|T|
Birnkrant|David|D|
Praud|Jean-Paul|JP|

bronchiectasis and primary ciliary dyskinesia

gastroesophageal reflux and aspiration syndromes


Structure-Dependent Anchoring of Organic Molecules to Atomically Defined Oxide Surfaces: Phthalic Acid on Co3O4(111), CoO(100), and CoO(111).

Abstract: We have performed a model study to explore the influence of surface structure on the anchoring of organic molecules on oxide materials. Specifically, we have investigated the adsorption of phthalic acid (PA) on three different, well-ordered, and atomically defined cobalt oxide surfaces, namely 1) Co3O4(111), 2) CoO(111), and 3) CoO(100) on Ir(100). PA was deposited by physical vapor deposition (PVD). The formation of the PA films and interfacial reactions were monitored in situ during growth by isothermal time-resolved IR reflection absorption spectroscopy (TR-IRAS) under ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) conditions. We observed a pronounced structure dependence on the three surfaces with three distinctively different binding geometries and characteristic differences depending on the temperature and coverage. 1) PA initially binds to Co3O4(111) through the formation of a chelating bis-carboxylate with the molecular plane oriented perpendicularly to the surface. Similar species were observed both at low temperature (130 K) and at room temperature (300 K). With increasing exposure, chelating mono-carboxylates became more abundant and partially replaced the bis-carboxylate. 2) PA binds to CoO(100) in the form of a bridging bis-carboxylate for low coverage. Upon prolonged deposition of PA at low temperature, the bis-carboxylates were converted into mono-carboxylate species. In contrast, the bis-carboxylate layer was very stable at 300 K. 3) For CoO(111) we observed a temperature-dependent change in the adsorption mechanism. Although PA binds as a mono-carboxylate in a bridging bidentate fashion at low temperature (130 K), a strongly distorted bis-carboxylate was formed at 300 K, possibly as a result of temperature-dependent restructuring of the surface. The results show that the adsorption geometry of PA depends on the atomic structure of the oxide surface. The structure dependence can be rationalized by the different arrangements of cobalt ions at the three surfaces.

Xu|Tao|T| Schwarz|Matthias|M| Werner|Kristin|K| Mohr|Susanne|S| Amende|Max|M| Libuda|Jörg|J|

adsorption
cobalt
IR spectroscopy
carboxylic acids
thin films


Biosurface properties and lead adsorption in a clone of Sphagnum palustre (Mosses): Towards a unified protocol of biomonitoring of airborne heavy metal pollution.

Abstract: Although mosses are widely used for active biomonitoring of air pollution, a unified protocol for their treatment before exposure in bags is still lacking. Here we used field- and laboratory-grown Sphagnum palustre L. moss, respectively, treated by EDTA and devitalized by oven drying at 100 °C, to elaborate a consistent procedure of metal and proton adsorption on moss surfaces. Acid-base titrations and Pb2+ adsorption experiments at different pH values and Pb2+ concentrations in solution were performed with both field-collected and laboratory cloned mosses. Devitalization and EDTA treatments did not produce any measurable difference in terms of H+ and Pb2+ adsorption capacities of moss surfaces. The stability constants for Pb2+ adsorption onto moss surfaces as a function of pH (pH-dependent adsorption edge) and at constant pH (5.5 and 6.5) as a function of Pb2+ concentration ("langmuirian" adsorption isotherm) were rather similar between different treatments. A Linear Program Modeling (LPM) of adsorption reactions revealed high similarity of adsorption constants regardless of treatments for both field-grown and cloned mosses. Therefore, in view of the use of S. palustre clone for biomonitoring lead in the environment, we recommend devitalization at 100 °C as unique treatment to perform with the aim to preserve the biomonitor before and after its exposure in bags.

Di Palma|Anna|A|
González|Aridane G|AG|
Adamo|Paola|P|
Giordano|Simonetta|S|
Reski|Ralf|R|
Pokrovsky|Oleg S|OS|

Heavy metals
Biosorption
Kinetics
Langmuir isotherm
Moss-bags
Peat moss


Cells of the human respiratory tract support the replication of pathogenic Old World orthohantavirus Puumala.

Abstract:
BACKGROUND
Transmission of all known pathogenic orthohantaviruses (family Hantaviridae) usually occurs via inhalation of aerosols contaminated with viral particles derived from infected rodents and organ manifestation of infections is characterized by lung and kidney involvement. Orthohantaviruses found in Eurasia cause hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) and New World orthohantaviruses cause hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS). However, cases of infection with Old World orthohantaviruses with severe pulmonary manifestations have also been observed. Therefore, human airway cells may represent initial targets for orthohantavirus infection and may also play a role in the pathogenesis of infections with Eurasian orthohantaviruses.

METHODS
We analyzed the permissiveness of primary endothelial cells of the human pulmonary microvasculature and of primary human epithelial cells derived from bronchi, bronchioles and alveoli for Old World orthohantavirus Puumala virus (PUUV) in vitro. In addition, we examined the expression of orthohantaviral receptors in these cell types. To minimize donor-specific effects, cells from two different donors were tested for each cell type.

RESULTS
Productive infection with PUUV was observed for endothelial cells of the microvasculature and for the three tested epithelial cell types derived from different sites of the respiratory tract. Interestingly, infection and particle release were also detected in bronchial and bronchiolar epithelial cells although expression of the orthohantaviral receptor integrin β3 was not detectable in these cell types. In addition, replication kinetics and viral release demonstrate enormous donor-specific variations.

CONCLUSIONS
The human respiratory epithelium is among the first targets of orthohantaviral infection and may contribute to virus replication, dissemination and pathogenesis of HFRS-causing orthohantaviruses. Differences in initial pulmonary infection due to donor-specific factors may play a role in the observed broad variance of severity and symptoms of orthohantavirus disease in patients. The absence of detectable levels of integrin αVβ3 surface expression on bronchial and small airway epithelial cells indicates an alternate mode of orthohantaviral entry in these cells that is independent from integrin β3.

Hägele|Stefan|S| Nusshag|Christian|C| Müller|Alexander|A| Baumann|Alexandra|A| Zeier|Martin|M| Krautkrämer|Ellen|E|

Orthohantavirus
Lung
Puumala virus
Receptor
Integrin
Epithelium
Endothelium