Investigation of electromigration reliability of redistribution lines in wafer-level chip-scale packages
Electromigration lifetime of Ti/Al/Ti and Ti/Cu/Cu RDLs were investigated. Three-dimensional electrothermal coupling analysis was employed in analysis. Electromigration reliability was calibrated based on the Blacks equation. Activation energies of Ti/Al/Ti and Ti/Cu/Cu RDLs were calculated. Electromigration-induced RDL failure shows a form of grain boundary diffusion.
electromigration reliability wafer-level chip-scale package (wlcsp) redistribution line (rdl)