Formation of compounds and Kirkendall vacancy in the CuSn system
The Kirkendall effect provides the lower limit of the void formation in the Cu/Sn. A criterion for the maximum vacancy concentration in the Cu/Sn system was developed. The fraction of Kirkendall vacancy was calculated by an analytical diffusion model. Kirkendall voids were experimentally observed using Cu/Sn diffusion couples. The simulation result satisfactorily reproduces the experiment.
cusn system analytical diffusion model kirkendall voids intermetallic compound diffusion coefficient