Creep-controlled electromigration in near-threshold interconnects
A model of creep affected electromigration (CAEM) in near-threshold conductors (near-threshold denoting length L or current density j close to the corresponding Blech thresholds Lth and jth) is shown to fit electromigration (EM) threshold and kinetics data better than the Blech model. Its most significant prediction is that the overall rate of EM displacement in near-threshold conductors (or short polygranular segments in near-bamboo interconnects) is controlled by a strictly local mechanical process, diffusional creep, most likely by a bulk diffusion NabarroHerring process.
diffusional creep electromigration kinetics and threshold hillocks stress adjustment