Near ground propagation model for pine tree forest environment
A propagation model experimentally derived from both free space and near ground plane earth path loss models for pine tree forest with foliage depth lower than 400m has been proposed. It is a piecewise model taking foliage depth of 200m as a boundary. The model is compared with several well-known models, namely Weissberger, ITU-R and COST235. Different from other models, the proposed one takes into account trunk height gain k. Observed average error is about 6dB for proposed model whereas it is about 32dB, 16dB and 20dB for COST235, Weissberger and ITU-R models, respectively. Also, it is observed that COST235 estimates the highest path loss among the models and it has the highest absolute errors especially in a forest with low foliage density.
trunk height gain free space path loss near ground plane earth model radio propagation radio propagation terrain factors