Recruitment of reticulospinal neurones and steady locomotion in lamprey
In lamprey, the supraspinal control of velocity is mainly accomplished by the reticulospinal (RS) system. During locomotion, RS neurones are rhythmically active with a cycle duration corresponding to the duration of the swim cycle. While the velocity of the muscular contraction wave changes as swimming velocity changes, the conduction velocity of RS axons remains constant. Thus, an action potential generated during a specific phase of the swim cycle will, depending on swimming velocity, provide input to a particular downstream segment during different phases of its rhythmic activity. In order to investigate the importance of this effect for the control of locomotion, the temporal and spatial characteristics of the propagation of the population of action potentials along RS axons in the spinal cord were investigated. The results suggest that if RS neurones are recruited independently of their sizes and conduction velocities, a phasic wave of action potentials in these fibers will reach some segments during the inhibited phase of their rhythmic activity. Such an input could hinder a smooth propagation of the contraction wave and disrupt swimming. In contrast, by recruiting successively larger and hence more rapidly conducting neurones for successively more rapid swimming, the phasic wave of action potentials may propagate with the same velocity as that of the muscular contraction wave. Under such conditions, reticulospinal activity would support and stabilise locomotion.
locomotion lamprey conduction velocity motor control reticulospinal system size principle