Transformation-based metamaterials to eliminate the staircasing error in the finite difference time domain method
A coordinate transformation technique is introduced for the finite difference time domain method to alleviate the effects of errors introduced by the staircasing approximation of curved geometries that do not conform to a Cartesian grid. An anisotropic metamaterial region, which is adapted to the Cartesian grid and designed by the coordinate transformation technique, is constructed around the curved boundary of the object, and the region occupied between the curved boundary and the inner boundary of the anisotropic metamaterial layer is discarded. The technique is validated via several numerical simulations.  2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J RF and Microwave CAE 22:530540, 2012.
staircasing error method coordinate transformation anisotropic metamaterials finite difference time domain (fdtd) transformation media