High-Fat High-Energy Feeding Impairs Fasting Glucose and Increases Fasting Insulin Levels in the Gttingen Minipig
High-fat diet and obesity are known to be of major importance for development of type 2 diabetes in humans. High-fat feeding can induce syndromes of glucose intolerance and/or insulin resistance in several species, and the Gttingen minipig might be a useful model for studying the effect of dietary high-fat intake and obesity on glucose homeostasis and the susceptibility to diabetes. The present study was designed as a pilot study to investigate the effects of obesity caused by high-fat high-energy feeding on oral and intravenous glucose tolerance. Male Gttingen minipigs were fed a control diet (CD) or a high-fat high-energy diet (HFD) for 3 months. Body weight (32.6  2.4 kg vs. 24.9  0.5 kg, p < 0.001) and total (13.2  3.2% vs. 6.1  0.5%, p= 0.002) and truncal (11.0  3.9% vs. 1.8  1.1%, p= 0.001) fat percent were increased significantly, whereas relative lean body mass was decreased (84.8  3.3% vs. 91.9  0.5%, p= 0.002) in the HFD group compared to CD. Fasting plasma glucose (4.3  0.4 mM vs. 3.6  0.3 mM, p= 0.023) and insulin (80  23 pM vs. 23  21 pM, p= 0.012) were increased in the HFD group compared to CD, but oral glucose tolerance was not significantly changed. Insulin responses to intravenous glucose were increased (6741  2538 vs. 3938  771 pM 3 min, p= 0.050), while glucose clearance was not changed by HFD vs. CD, thus indicating insulin resistance. In conclusion, changes in body weight and composition, resulting in minor abnormalities in glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity, characterized by slight hyperglycemia and compensatory hyperinsulinemia, can be induced in the male Gttingen minipig by high-fat high-energy feeding for 3 months. This approach seems to be an interesting and promising method for establishment of a nonrodent model of insulin resistance or type 2 diabetes.
gttingen minipigs high-fat diet obesity type 2 diabetes glucose tolerance male insulin sensitivity dietary fat lipids