The combined effect of physical, psychosocial/organisational and/or environmental risk factors on the presence of work-related musculoskeletal symptoms and its consequences
Combined exposure to poor physical and poor psychosocial factors increased the odds of MSS. This combination also increased the odds of reduced activities and absenteeism due to MSS. Favourable psychosocial conditions reduced the odds of MSS due to poor physical conditions. To reduce MSS and its consequences, employers need to adopt a multifaceted approach.
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