A high sensitivity single-probe heat pulse soil moisture sensor based on a single npn junction transistor
We present a new semiconductor based soil water content measurement sensor. The sensor uses only a bipolar transistor as heating and temperature sensing device. Temperature is measured using the very well-known characteristic of VBE(T). The sensor has a sensitivity which is better than all previous heat pulse sensors. The sensor is low-cost, robust, small, lightweight, and easy to manufacture.
soil moisture sensors heat dissipation sensors single probe heat pulse sensors precision agriculture