Determination of electroless kinetic: a QCM study
In the first part of this paper, the catalytic aspect of copper electroless deposition is enlightened. We have shown that for having a constant rate of the reducing agent (formaldehyde) the surface must be regularly refresh by a fresh deposit of copper and that copper reduction is increased in the presence of formaldehyde. In the second part, we propose a method to determine the parameters that could permit to model the electroless deposition of copper. This method allows us to conclude that the electroless copper deposition is under potentiostatic control and obeys to the mixed potential theory.
electroless copper formaldehyde quartz microbalance in situ growth rate