The effect of cross-coupling in a bidirectional electron pump
Bidirectional electron pumps consisting of two multiple tunnel junctions formed along 21019 cm?3 phosphorus-doped silicon nanowires were realised in silicon-on-insulator material. Both devices are separated by one macroscopic main island to which an rf-signal is applied, providing the energy needed for pump operation. The electrical characteristics of the circuit are discussed with reference to cross-coupling effects of the rf-signal towards the multiple tunnel junctions. We find that cross-coupling has a major impact on the circuit characteristic and needs to be considered if further circuit miniaturisation is desired.
bidirectional electron pump silicon nanowires coulomb blockade single electron tunnelling transistor