Potts model with q=3 q = 3 and 4 states on directed small-world network
Monte Carlo simulations are performed to study the two-dimensional Potts models with q=3 q = 3 and 4 states on directed small-world network. The disordered system is simulated applying the heat bath Monte Carlo update algorithm. The first-order and second-order phase transitions are found for q=3 q = 3 depending on the rewiring probability p p , but for q=4 q = 4 the system presents only a first-order phase transition for any value p p . This critical behavior is different from the Potts model on a square lattice, where the second-order phase transition is present for q?4 q ? 4 and a first-order phase transition is present for q>4 q > 4 .
potts model networks monte carlo simulation spins ising model