Anisotropic hierarchic finite elements for the simulation of piezoelectric smart structures
Purpose - Piezoelectric actuators and sensors are an invaluable part of lightweight designs for several reasons. They can either be used in noise cancellation devices as thin-walled structures are prone to acoustic emissions, or in shape control approaches to suppress unwanted vibrations. Also in Lamb wave based health monitoring systems piezoelectric patches are applied to excite and to receive ultrasonic waves. The purpose of this paper is to develop a higher order finite element with piezoelectric capabilities in order to simulate smart structures efficiently. Design/methodology/approach - In the paper the development of a new fully three-dimensional piezoelectric hexahedral finite element based on the p-version of the finite element method (FEM) is presented. Hierarchic Legendre polynomials in combination with an anisotropic ansatz space are utilized to derive an electro-mechanically coupled element. This results in a reduced numerical effort. The suitability of the proposed element is demonstrated using various static and dynamic test examples. Findings - In the current contribution it is shown that higher order coupled-field finite elements hold several advantages for smart structure applications. All numerical examples have been found to agree well with previously published results. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that accurate results can be obtained with far fewer degrees of freedom compared to conventional low order finite element approaches. Thus, the proposed finite element can lead to a significant reduction in the overall numerical costs. Originality/value - To the best of the author's knowledge, no piezoelectric finite element based on the hierarchical-finite-element-method has yet been published in the literature. Thus, the proposed finite element is a step towards a holistic numerical treatment of structural health monitoring (SHIM) related problems using p-version finite elements.
piezoelectricity smart structures vibration higher order finite elements structural health monitoring noise control p-version fem