Analogical reasoning and mental simulation in design: two strategies linked to uncertainty resolution
This paper aims to further an understanding of the nature and function of analogising and mental simulation in design through an analysis of the transcripts of two engineering design meetings. Analogies were coded for purpose and in terms of whether they were within-domain or between-domain. Mental simulations were coded for focus: technical/functional or end-user. All expressions of uncertainty were also identified. Analogies were found to be typically between-domain (indicative of innovative reasoning) and were evenly distributed across solution generation, function finding and explanation. Mental simulations were predominantly technical/functional. Our most striking observation was that analogies and mental simulations were associated with conditions of uncertainty. We propose that analogising and mental simulation are strategies deployed to resolve uncertainty  a claim that is supported by the fact that uncertainty levels returned to baseline values at the end of analogising and simulation episodes.
analogical reasoning mental simulation uncertainty resolution engineering design design strategies