To TUI or not to TUI: Evaluating performance and preference in tangible vs. graphical user interfaces
We compared between similar TUI and GUI versions of a system called FlowBlocks. Both versions were equivalent in task completion time and performance quality. The TUI version was inferior to the GUI version in regards to usability. Most users preferred the TUI version, for being highly stimulating and enjoyable. Preference for TUI stemmed from physical interaction, rich feedback, and realism.
tui tangible graphical gui physical interaction design