Competition in wholesale markets: Do MNOs compete to host MVNOs?
This paper examines wholesale market shares of mobile network operators (MNOs). Wholesale market concentration has decreased over time. Those MNOs that are late entrants have greater wholesale market shares. Belonging to an international group has effect on wholesale market shares. KPN is specializing in hosting virtual operators as part of its international strategy.
wholesale market mvnos late entrant kpn mnos' incentives