Effects of ramps in the Nagel-Schreckenberg traffic model
We study the effects of on-ramp and off-ramp to the traffic flow in a cellular automaton. The stochastic noise and the extended hopping axe included. The phase diagram is obtained. Three distinct phases are observed. The density profiles axe analyzed. In the maximum current phase, standing traffic jams emerge in the upstream of the on-ramp. A region of free flow is observed in the downstream of the off-ramp. In between the ramps, a scaled density profile is observed in one branch and a phase separation is observed in the other branch.
stochastic noise extended hopping phase diagram density profile nagel-schreckenberg model ramp effect