From paper to web: Mode equivalence of the ARHQ and NEO-FFI
The NEO-FFI and ARHQ in Icelandic were tested for measurement equivalence between paper and web modes. A randomized crossover design was applied to control for confounding by selection. Psychometric properties were equivalent for both measures in the respective modes. Response style bias may incur mode effects not detected by traditional psychometric methods. Both NEO-FFI and ARHQ in Icelandic can be administered in paper and web mode.
arhq neo-ffi measurement equivalence mode effects web survey mtmm