Face detection by direct convexity estimation
We suggest a novel attentional mechanism for detection of smooth convex and concave objects based on direct processing of intensity values. The operator detects the regions of the eyes and hair in a facial image, and thus allows us to infer the face location and scale. Our operator is robust to variations in illumination, scale, and face orientation. Invariance to a large family of functions, serving for lighting improvement in images, is proved. An extensive comparison with edge-based methods is delineated. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V.
face detection convexity gradient argument