A generating model of realistic synthetic heart sounds for performance assessment of phonocardiogram processing algorithms
A new model which is capable of generating realistic synthetic phonocardiogram (PCG) signals is introduced based on three coupled ordinary differential equations. The new PCG model takes into account the respiratory frequency, the heart rate variability and the time splitting of first and second heart sounds. This time splitting occurs with each cardiac cycle and varies with inhalation and exhalation. Clinical PCG statistics and the close temporal relationship between events in ECG and PCG are used to deduce values of PCG model parameters. In comparison with published PCG models, the proposed model allows a larger number of known PCG features to be taken into consideration. Moreover it is able to generate both normal and abnormal realistic synthetic heart sounds. Results show that these synthetic PCG signals have the closest features to those of a conventional heart sound in both time and frequency domains. Additionally, a sound quality test carried out by eight cardiologists demonstrates that the proposed model outperforms the existing models. This new PCG model is promising and useful in assessing signal processing techniques which are developed to help clinical diagnosis based on PCG.
phonocardiogram pcg heart sound generator electrocardiogram ecg heart rate variability hrv cardiac cycle phases s1s2 sound splitting dynamic model synthetic signals timefrequency representation