analyzing and modeling process balance for sub-threshold circuit design
This paper describes the strong effects on sub-threshold digital circuit operation of the ratio of PMOS and NMOS current in a given process. We define the concept of process balance/imbalance as describing this ratio and explain the impact ofdifferent circuit and environmental parameters on processbalance. Many of these characteristics are best understood by the degree to which they increase or further decrease process balance. We also propose a model that provides accurate estimation of the effects of process balance that is useful for understanding the impact of process variations and the appropriate types of circuits to use for sub-threshold operation in a given process.
process balance sub-threshold digital circuits process imbalance minimum energy operation sub-threshold modeling