A new adaptive digital audio watermarking based on support vector machine
It is a challenging work to design a robust digital audio watermarking scheme against desynchronization attacks. On the basis of support vector machines (SVMs), a new robust digital audio watermarking algorithm against desynchronization attacks is proposed in this paper, and in this the audio statistics characteristics and synchronization code are utilized. Firstly, the optimal embedding positions are located adaptively by using the SVM theory. Secondly, the 16-bit Barker code is chosen as synchronization mark and embedded into the digital audio by modifying the statistics average value of several samples. Finally, the digital watermark are embedded into the statistics average value of low-frequency components in wavelet domain by making full use of auditory masking. Experimental results show that the proposed scheme is inaudible and robust against common signal processing such its MP3 compression, low-pass filtering, noise addition, equalization, etc., and is robust against desynchronization attacks such as random cropping, amplitude variation, pitch shifting, time-scale modification, jittering, etc. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
audio watermarking support vector machines desynchronization attack synchronization code statistics average value