A new learning paradigm: Learning using privileged information
In the Afterword to the second edition of the book Estimation of Dependences Based on Empirical Data by V. Vapnik, an advanced learning paradigm called Learning Using Hidden Information  (LUHI) was introduced. This Afterword also suggested an extension of the SVM method (the so called SVM? ? + method) to implement algorithms which address the LUHI paradigm (Vapnik, 19822006, Sections 2.4.2 and 2.5.3 of the Afterword). See also( Vapnik etal., 2008andVapnik etal., 2009) for further development of the algorithms. In contrast to the existing machine learning paradigm where a teacher does not play an important role, the advanced learning paradigm considers some elements of human teaching. In the new paradigm along with examples, a teacher can provide students with hidden information that exists in explanations, comments, comparisons, and so on. This paper discusses details of the new paradigm1 and corresponding algorithms, introduces some new algorithms, considers several specific forms of privileged information, demonstrates superiority of the new learning paradigm over the classical learning paradigm when solving practical problems, and discusses general questions related to the new ideas.
privileged information hidden information svm machine learning svm+ learning with teacher oracle svm