Feedback source modality effects on training outcomes in a serious game: Pedagogical agents make a difference
In-game real-time feedback produced significantly higher performance outcomes. Feedback delivered by pedagogical agents resulted in largest retention outcomes. Feedback delivered as audio alone produced negative gains in assessments outcomes. Agent interface modalities did not vary across performance and mental demand scores. Feedback delivered as audio alone resulted in significantly lower mental demand.
pedagogical agents intelligent tutoring systems explicit feedback generalized intelligent framework for tutoring game-based training cognitive load