A variational approach to consistent single-phase upscaling
A consistent upscaling methodology is outlined, which bounds the stationary value of the original governing functional and highlights the source of errors that arise when an upscaled permeability field is substituted. The stationary value is identified as an important physical measure and the existence of bounds on this quantity enables confidence to be placed in upscaled predictions, including well productions, as opposed to empirical error estimates associated with conventional upscaling methods. Copyright (C) 2002 John Wiley Sons, Ltd.
upscaling variational methods comparison problems