Flow division at a channel crossing with subcritical or supercritical flow
The passage of an extreme storm over an urban area can lead to the flooding of the streets if the rainfall intensity exceeds the design value and/or the drainage system is not functional. The study of flow distribution in street networks thus is important for the design of flood protection measures. The flow distribution is affected by the junction flow characteristics, inflow discharges and downstream water depths. To reduce the degree of empiricism, a 3D Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations model has been implemented in this study to investigate the flow phenomena in a cross junction. The Spalart-Allmaras model is used for turbulence closure. The numerical model utilizes the split-operator approach, in which the advection, diffusion and pressure propagations are solved separately. The numerical model predicts accurately the flow distribution in a channel crossing under different subcritical flow conditions, for which experimental data are available. Recirculation zones exist at both the downstream channels and the associated contraction coefficient varies linearly with the ratio of the discharges at the two inlets. Secondary currents are apparent for the flow with strong asymmetric outlet conditions. Under supercritical inflow conditions, the model reproduces the hydraulic jump and hydraulic drop phenomena and predicts accurately the relationship between the input power ratio and the Outflow discharge ratio of the street crossing. Copyright (c) 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
cross junction open channel flow diversion 3d flow model hydrodynamics free surface finite difference methods navier stokes turbulent flow turbulence models