Optimal realizations of simplified Toffoli gates
A simplified Toffoli gate coincides with the Toffoli gate except that the result is allowed to differ on one computational basis state by a phase factor. We prove that the simplified Toffoli gate implementation by Margolus is optimal, in the sense that it attains a lower bound of three controlled-not gates, and subject to that, a sharp lower bound of four single-qubit gates. We also discuss optimal implementations of other simplified Toffoli gates, and explain why the phase factor -1 invariably occurs in such implementations.
simplified toffoli gate lower bounds quantum circuits