Deformation analysis of the round-to-square extrusion: a numerical and experimental investigation
In this paper the three-dimensional forward extrusion of a square section from a round billet through a straight converging die is analysed using both the updated Lagrangian and the combined EulerianLagrangian finite element formulations. The theoretical background for both formulations is reviewed, and the numerical results obtained with the two formulations are compared with experimental data obtained through the utilisation of physical modelling. Assessment is made in terms of flow pattern and strain distribution for two different cross-sections corresponding to the axial symmetry planes of the three-dimensional extrusion profile. The experimental distribution of strain is determined from the shape change of quadrilateral grids previously printed on the surface of the axial cross-sections of the undeformed billets by means of large deformation square-grid analysis. Good agreement is obtained between physical and numerical modelling.
physical modelling three-dimensional extrusion numerical simulation