Novel multiparty quantum key agreement protocol with GHZ states
In many circumstances, a shared key is needed to realize secure communication. Based on quantum mechanics principles, quantum key agreement (QKA) is a good method to establish a shared key by every partys fair participation. In this paper, we propose a novel three-party QKA protocol, which is designed by using GreenbergerHorneZeilinger (GHZ) states. To realize the protocol, the distributor of the GHZ states needs only one quantum communication with the other two parties, respectively, and everyone performs single-particle measurements simply. Then, we extend the three-party QKA protocol to arbitrary multiparty situation. At last, we discuss the security and fairness of the multiparty protocol. It shows that the new scheme is secure and fair to every participant.
quantum key agreement ghz state single-particle measurement