Grammatical evolution
We present grammatical evolution, an evolutionary algorithm that can evolve complete programs in an arbitrary language using a variable-length binary string. The binary genome determines which production rules in a Backus-Naur form grammar definition are used in a genotype-to-phenotype mapping process to a program. We demonstrate how expressions and programs of arbitrary complexity may be evolved and compare its performance to genetic programming.
evolutionary algorithms backus-naur form automatic programming degenerate code neutral networks