Exact number of local extreme points of curvature function of solutions of second-order linear differential equations
We study local properties of the curvature ? y (x) of every nontrivial solution y=y(x) of the second-order linear differential equation(P): (p(x)y?)?+q(x)y=0, x?(a,b)=I, where p(x) and q(x) are smooth enough functions. It especially includes the Euler, Bessel and other important types of second-order linear differential equations. Some sufficient conditions on the coefficients p(x) and q(x) are given such that the curvature ? y (x) of every nontrivial solution y of (P) has exactly one extreme point between each two its consecutive simple zeros. The problem of three local extreme points of ? y (x) is also considered but only as an open problem. It seems it is the first paper dealing with this kind of problems. Finally in Appendix, we pay attention to an application of the main results to a study of non-regular points (the cusps) of the ?-parallels of graph ?(y) ofy (the offset curves of?(y)).
extreme points curvature linear differential equations geometry of solutions 26a06 34a26 34b05 53a04