Customer in-reach and library strategic systems: the case of ILLiad

Abstract: Libraries have walls. Recognizing this fact, the Interlibrary Loan Department at Virginia Tech is creating systems and services that enable our customers to reach past our walls at anytime from anywhere. Customer in-reach enables Virginia Tech faculty, students, and staff anywhere in the world to obtain information and services heretofore available only to our on-campus customers. ILLiad, Virginia Tech's interlibrary borrowing system, is the library strategic system that attains this goal. The principles that guided development of ILLiad are widely applicable

library strategic systems
Interlibrary Loan Department
Virginia Tech
customer in-reach
ILLiad
interlibrary borrowing system


Optical encoding of color three-dimensional correlation

Abstract: Three-dimensional (3D) correlation of color images, considering the color distribution as the third dimension, has been shown to be useful for color pattern recognition tasks. Nevertheless, 3D correlation cannot be directly performed on an optical correlator, that can only process two-dimensional (2D) signals. We propose a method to encode 3D functions onto 2D ones in such a way that the Fourier transform and correlation of these signals, that can be optically performed, encode the 3D Fourier transform and correlation of the 3D signals. The theory for the encoding is given and experimental results obtained in an optical correlator are shown

optical encoding
color three-dimensional correlation
3D correlation
color images
color distribution
color pattern recognition tasks
optical correlator
3D function encoding
Fourier transform
3D Fourier transform


Brightness-independent start-up routine for star trackers

Abstract: Initial attitude acquisition by a modern star tracker is investigated here. Criteria for efficient organization of the on-board database are discussed with reference to a brightness-independent initial acquisition algorithm. Star catalog generation preprocessing is described, with emphasis on the identification of minimum star brightness for detection by a sensor based on a charge coupled device (CCD) photodetector. This is a crucial step for proper evaluation of the attainable sky coverage when selecting the stars to be included in the on-board catalog. Test results are also reported, both for reliability and accuracy, even if the former is considered to be the primary target. Probability of erroneous solution is 0.2% in the case of single runs of the procedure, while attitude determination accuracy is in the order of 0.02 degrees in the average for the computation of the inertial pointing of the boresight axis

brightness-independent start-up routine
star trackers
initial attitude acquisition
on-board database
star catalog generation preprocessing
gyroless spacecraft
minimum star brightness
charge coupled device photodetector
reliability
boresight axis


Feedforward maximum power point tracking of PV systems using fuzzy controller

Abstract: A feedforward maximum power (MP) point tracking scheme is developed for the interleaved dual boost (IDB) converter fed photovoltaic (PV) system using fuzzy controller. The tracking algorithm changes the duty ratio of the converter such that the solar cell array (SCA) voltage equals the voltage corresponding to the MP point at that solar insolation. This is done by the feedforward loop, which generates an error signal by comparing the instantaneous array voltage and reference voltage. The reference voltage for the feedforward loop, corresponding to the MP point, is obtained by an off-line trained neural network. Experimental data is used for off-line training of the neural network, which employs back-propagation algorithm. The proposed fuzzy feedforward peak power tracking effectiveness is demonstrated through the simulation and experimental results, and compared with the conventional proportional plus integral (PI) controller based system. Finally, a comparative study of interleaved boost and conventional boost converter for the PV applications is given and their suitability is discussed

feedforward maximum power point tracking


CAD/CAE software aids converter design [DC/DC power conversion]

Abstract: Typically, power supply design involves electronic and magnetic components. In this paper, the authors describe, using a flyback converter example, how CAD/CAE tools can aid the power supply engineer in both areas, reducing prototyping costs and providing insights into system performance

DC/DC power convertor design
power supply design
electronic components
magnetic components
CAD/CAE software
flyback power convertor topology
prototyping costs


Control centers are here to stay

Abstract: Despite changes with different structures, market rules, and uncertainties, a control center must always be in place to maintain the security, reliability, and quality of electric service. This article focuses on the energy management system (EMS) control center, identifying the major functions that have become standard components of every application software package. The two most important control center functions, security control and load-following control, guarantee the continuity of electric service, which after all, is the end-product of the utility business. New technology trends in the design of control center infrastructures are emerging in the liberalized environment of the energy market. An example of a control center infrastructure is described. The article ends with a concern for the security of the control center itself

EMS control centers
energy management system
standard components
application software package
security control
load-following control
electric service continuity
control center infrastructures
liberalized environment
energy market


Geotensity: combining motion and lighting for 3D surface reconstruction

Abstract: This paper is about automatically reconstructing the full 3D surface of an object observed in motion by a single static camera. Based on the two paradigms, structure from motion and linear intensity subspaces, we introduce the geotensity constraint that governs the relationship between four or more images of a moving object. We show that it is possible in theory to solve for 3D Lambertian surface structure for the case of a single point light source and propose that a solution exists for an arbitrary number point light sources. The surface may or may not be textured. We then give an example of automatic surface reconstruction of a face under a point light source using arbitrary unknown object motion and a single fixed camera

full 3D surface
single static camera
linear intensity subspaces
geotensity constraint
3D Lambertian surface structure
single point light source
arbitrary number point light sources
automatic surface reconstruction
point light source
linear image subspaces
structure-from-motion


Project Euclid and the role of research libraries in scholarly publishing

Abstract: Project Euclid, a joint electronic journal publishing initiative of Cornell University Library and Duke University Press is discussed in the broader contexts of the changing patterns of scholarly communication and the publishing scene of mathematics. Specific aspects of the project such as partnerships and the creation of an economic model are presented as well as what it takes to be a publisher. Libraries have gained important and relevant experience through the creation and management of digital libraries, but they need to develop further skills if they want to adopt a new role in the life cycle of scholarly communication


Note on "Deterministic inventory lot-size models under inflation with shortages and deterioration for fluctuating demand" by Yang et al

Abstract: For original paper see H.-L. Yang et al., ibid., vol.48, p.144-58 (2001). Yang et al. extended the lot-size models to allow for inflation and fluctuating demand. For this model they proved that the optimal replenishment schedule exists and is unique. They also proposed an algorithm to find the optimal policy. The present paper provides examples, which show that the optimal replenishment schedule and consequently the overall optimal policy may not exist

deterministic inventory lot-size models
inflation
fluctuating demand
optimal replenishment schedule
optimal policy algorithm
optimal scheduling parameters


Autofocus system for microscope

Abstract: A technique is developed for microscope autofocusing, which is called the eccentric light beam approach with high resolution, wide focusing range, and compact construction. The principle is described. The theoretical formula of the eccentric light beam approach deduced can be applied not only to an object lens whose objective plane is just at the focal plane, but also to an object lens whose objective plane is not at the focal plane. The experimental setup uses a semiconductor laser device as the light source. The laser beam that enters into the microscope is eccentric with the main light axis. A defocused signal is acquired by a symmetrical silicon photocell for the change of the reflected light position caused by differential amplification and processed by a microprocessor. Then the electric signal is power-amplified and drives a dc motor, which moves a fine working platform to an automatic focus of the microscope. The result of the experiments shows a +or-0.1- mu m precision of autofocusing for a range of +or-500- mu m defocusing. The system has high reliability and can meet the requirements of various accurate micro measurement systems

autofocus system
microscope autofocusing
eccentric light beam approach
object lens
objective plane
semiconductor laser
main light axis
defocused signal
symmetrical silicon photocell
reflected light position
differential amplification
microprocessor
power-amplified electric signal
dc motor
fine working platform
high reliability
micro measurement systems


Blitzograms - interactive histograms

Abstract: As computers become ever faster, more and more procedures that were once viewed as iterative will continue to become instantaneous. The blitzogram is the application of this trend to histograms, which the author hopes will lead to a better tacit understanding of probability distributions among both students and managers. And this is not just an academic exercise. Commercial Monte Carlo simulation packages like @RISK and Crystal Ball, and my INSIGHT.xla are widely available

blitzogram
histograms
probability distributions
MBA
operations research
management science
statistics


.NET obfuscation and intellectual property

Abstract: The author considers obfuscation options for protecting .NET code. Many programs won't need obfuscation because the loss caused by reverse engineering will be nonexistent. Numerous obfuscators are already available for the .NET platform, ranging from a basic renaming obfuscator to a fully functional obfuscator that handles mixed IL/native code assemblies created in any managed language, including Microsoft's C++ with Managed Extensions. An obfuscator simply makes your application harder to reverse engineer. It does not prevent reverse engineering. However, the cost of obfuscation is insignificant when compared to the cost of a typical software development project. If you feel like an obfuscator provides you any benefit at all, it's probably worth the price

.NET obfuscation
intellectual property
reverse engineering


Numerical representation of binary relations with a multiplicative error function

Abstract: This paper studies the case of the representation of a binary relation via a numerical function with threshold (error) depending on both compared alternatives. The error is considered to be multiplicative, its value being either directly or inversely proportional to the values of the numerical function. For the first case, it is proved that a binary relation is a semiorder. Moreover, any semiorder can be represented in this form. In the second case, the corresponding binary relation is an interval order

numerical representation
binary relations
multiplicative error function
numerical function
threshold
error
semiorder
interval order


Matching PET and CT scans of the head and neck area: Development of method and validation

Abstract: Positron emission tomography (PET) provides important information on tumor biology, but lacks detailed anatomical information. Our aim in the present study was to develop and validate an automatic registration method for matching PET and CT scans of the head and neck. Three difficulties in achieving this goal are (1) nonrigid motions of the neck can hamper the use of automatic ridged body transformations; (2) emission scans contain too little anatomical information to apply standard image fusion methods; and (3) no objective way exists to quantify the quality of the match results. These problems are solved as follows: accurate and reproducible positioning of the patient was achieved by using a radiotherapy treatment mask. The proposed method makes use of the transmission rather than the emission scan. To obtain sufficient (anatomical) information for matching, two bed positions for the transmission scan were included in the protocol. A mutual information-based algorithm was used as a registration technique. PET and CT data were obtained in seven patients. Each patient had two CT scans and one PET scan. The datasets were used to estimate the consistency by matching PET to CT/sub 1/, CT/sub 1/ to CT/sub 2/, and CT/sub 2/ to PET using the full circle consistency test. It was found that using our method, consistency could be obtained of 4 mm and 1.3 degrees on average. The PET voxels used for registration were 5.15 mm, so the errors compared quite favorably with the voxel size. Cropping the images (removing the scanner bed from images) did not improve the consistency of the algorithm. The transmission scan, however, could potentially be reduced to a single position using this approach. In conclusion, the represented algorithm and validation technique has several features that are attractive from both theoretical and practical point of view, it is a user-independent, automatic validation technique for matching CT and PET scans of the head and neck, which gives the opportunity to compare different image enhancements

user-independent automatic validation technique

R P P P M P P P P P P P P P P P P P P R P


Open courseware and shared knowledge in higher education

Abstract: Most college and university campuses in the United States and much of the developed world today maintain one, two, or several learning management systems (LMSs), which are courseware products that provide students and faculty with Web-based tools to manage course-related applications. Since the mid-1990s, two predominant models of Web courseware management systems have emerged: commercial and noncommercial. Some of the commercial products available today were created in academia as noncommercial but have since become commercially encumbered. Other products remain noncommercial but are struggling to survive in a world of fierce commercial competition. This article argues for an ethics of pedagogy in higher education that would be based on the guiding assumptions of the non-proprietary, peer-to-peer, open-source software movement

open courseware
shared knowledge
higher education
learning management systems
college
university
Web courseware management systems
commercial products
ethics
Internet
open-source software


Integrating building management system and facilities management on the Internet

Abstract: Recently, it is of great interest to adopt the Internet/intranet to develop building management systems (BMS) and facilities management systems (FMS). This paper addresses two technical issues: the Web-based access (including database integration) and the integration of BMS and FMS. These should be addressed for accessing BMS remotely via the Internet, integrating control networks using the Internet protocols and infrastructures, and using Internet/intranet for building facilities management. An experimental Internet-enabled system that integrates building and facilities management systems has been developed and tested. This system integrated open control networks with the Internet and is developed utilizing the embedded Web server, the PC Web server and the Distributed Component Object Model (DCOM) software development technology on the platform of an open control network. Three strategies for interconnecting BMS local networks via Internet/intranet are presented and analyzed

intranet
building management systems
BMS
facilities management systems
FMS
Web-based access
database integration
Internet protocols
embedded Web server
PC Web server
Distributed Component Object Model
DCOM
software development technology
open control network
local network interconnection


The Open Archives Initiative: realizing simple and effective digital library interoperability

Abstract: The Open Archives Initiative (OAI) is dedicated to solving problems of digital library interoperability. Its focus has been on defining simple protocols, most recently for the exchange of metadata from archives. The OAI evolved out of a need to increase access to scholarly publications by supporting the creation of interoperable digital libraries. As a first step towards such interoperability, a metadata harvesting protocol was developed to support the streaming of metadata from one repository to another, ultimately to a provider of user services such as browsing, searching, or annotation. This article provides an overview of the mission, philosophy, and technical framework of the OAI

Open Archives Initiative
digital library interoperability
protocols
exchange metadata
scholarly publications
metadata harvesting protocol
streaming metadata
annotation
searching
browsing
user services


Electronic data exchange for real estate

Abstract: With HM Land Registry's consultation now underway, no one denies that the property industry is facing a period of unprecedented change. PISCES (Property Information Systems Common Exchange) is a property-focused electronic data exchange standard. The standard is a set of definitions and rules to facilitate electronic transfer of data between key business areas and between different types of software packages that are used regularly by the property industry. It is not itself a piece of software but an enabling technology that allows software providers to prepare solutions within their own packages to transfer data between databases. This provides the attractive prospect of seamless transfer of data within and between systems and organisations


Stabilization of a linear object by frequency-modulated pulsed signals

Abstract: A control system consisting of an unstable continuous linear part and a pulse-frequency modulator in the feedback circuit is studied. Conditions for the boundedness of the solutions of the system under any initial data are determined

discrete systems
stabilization
frequency-modulated pulsed signals
linear stationary object
control system
feedback circuit
solution boundedness


Entrepreneurs in Action: a Web-case model

Abstract: Much of the traditional schooling in America is built around systems of compliance and control, characteristics which stifle the creative and entrepreneurial instincts of the children who are subjected to these tactics. The article explores a different approach to education, one that involves capturing the interest of the student through the use of problem and project-based instruction delivered via the Internet. Called Entrepreneurs in Action, this program seeks to involve students in a problem at the outset and to promote the learning of traditional subject areas as a process of the problem-solving activities that are undertaken. The program's details are explained, from elementary school through university level courses, and the authors outline their plans to test the efficacy of the program at each level

Entrepreneurs in Action
Web-case model
traditional schooling
America
entrepreneurial instincts
project-based instruction
Internet
traditional subject areas
problem-solving activities
elementary school
university level courses


Novel denoising algorithm for obtaining a superresolved position estimation

Abstract: We present a new algorithm that uses the randomness of the noise pattern to achieve high positioning accuracy by applying a modified averaging operation. Using the suggested approach, noise sensitivity of the positioning accuracy can be significantly reduced. This new improved algorithm can improve the performances of tracking systems used for military as well as civil applications. The concept is demonstrated theoretically as well as by optical experiment

denoising algorithm
superresolved position estimation
noise pattern randomness
high positioning accuracy
modified averaging operation
noise sensitivity
tracking systems
military applications
civil applications
optical experiment


Gifts to a science academic librarian

Abstract: Gifts, by their altruistic nature, perfectly fit into the environment of universities and academic libraries. As a university's community and general public continue to donate materials, libraries accept donations willingly, both in-kind and monetary. Eight steps of gift processing are listed in the paper. Positive and negative aspects of gift acceptance are discussed. Gifts bring value for academic libraries. Gifts can be considered additional routes to contribute to library collections without direct purchases, options to add money to the library budget, and the cement of social relationships. But, unfortunately, large donations are time-consuming, labor-intensive and costly to process. Great amounts of staff time and processing space are two main negative aspects that cause concern and put the value of gift acceptance under consideration by librarians. Some strategies in handling gifts are recommended. To be effective, academic science librarians need to approach gifts as an investment. Librarians are not to be forced by moral and public notions and should be able to make professional decisions in evaluating proposed collections

science academic librarian
academic libraries
donations
gift processing
library collections
budget
staff time
professional decisions
research libraries
acquisitions
gift books


Neighborhood operator systems and approximations

Abstract: This paper presents a framework for the study of generalizing the standard notion of equivalence relation in rough set approximation space with various categories of k-step neighborhood systems. Based on a binary relation on a finite universe, six families of binary relations are obtained, and the corresponding six classes of k-step neighborhood systems are derived. Extensions of Pawlak's (1982) rough set approximation operators based on such neighborhood systems are proposed. Properties of neighborhood operator systems and rough set approximation operators are investigated, and their connections are examined

neighborhood operator systems
equivalence relation
rough set approximation space
k-step neighborhood systems
binary relation
finite universe


Correction to construction of panoramic image mosaics with global and local alignment

Abstract: For original paper see ibid., vol. 36, no. 2, p. 101-30 (2000). The authors had given a method for the construction of panoramic image mosaics with global and local alignment. Unfortunately a mistake had led to an incorrect equation which whilst making little difference in many cases, for faster (and assured) convergence, the correct formulae given here should be used

panoramic image mosaics
global alignment
local alignment
resampled image


Symbiosis or alienation: advancing the university press/research library relationship through electronic scholarly communication

Abstract: University presses and research libraries have a long tradition of collaboration. The rapidly expanding electronic scholarly communication environment offers important new opportunities for cooperation and for innovative new models of publishing. The economics of libraries and scholarly publishers have strained the working relationship and promoted debates on important information policy issues. This article explores the context for advancing the partnership, cites examples of joint efforts in electronic publishing, and presents an action plan for working together


Verifying resonant grounding in distribution systems

Abstract: The authors describe RESFAL, a software tool that can check on the behavior of distribution network resonant grounding systems with regard to compensation coil tuning and to fault detection

RESFAL software tool
resonant grounding systems
compensation coil tuning
fault detection
computer simulation
power distribution systems


Why your Web strategy is, err, wrong

Abstract: An awkward look at a few standard views from the author, who thinks that most people have got it, err, wrong. Like every other investment, when the time comes to sign the contract, the question that should be asked is not whether it is a good investment, but whether it is the best investment the firm can make with the money. the author argues that he would be surprised if any law firm Web site he has seen yet would jump that particular hurdle


Nonlockability in multirings and hypercubes at serial transmission of data blocks

Abstract: For the multiring and hypercube, a method of conflictless realization of an arbitrary permutation of "large" data items that can be divided into many "smaller" data blocks was considered, and its high efficiency was demonstrated

nonlockability
multirings
hypercubes
data block serial transmission
multiprocessor computer systems


Project-based learning: teachers learning and using high-tech to preserve Cajun culture

Abstract: Using project-based learning pedagogy in EdTc 658 Advances in Educational Technology, the author has trained inservice teachers in Southwestern Louisiana with an advanced computer multimedia program called Director(R) (Macromedia, Inc.). The content of this course focused on modeling the project-based learning pedagogy and researching Acadian's traditions and legacy. With the multi-functions of microcomputers, new technologies were used to preserve and celebrate the local culture with superiority of text, graphics, animation, sound, and video. The article describes how several groups of school teachers in the surrounding areas of a regional state university of Louisiana learned computer multimedia using project-based learning and integrated their learning into local cultural heritage


Precoded OFDM with adaptive vector channel allocation for scalable video transmission over frequency-selective fading channels

Abstract: Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) has been applied in broadband wireline and wireless systems for high data rate transmission where severe intersymbol interference (ISI) always occurs. The conventional OFDM system provides advantages through conversion of an ISI channel into ISI-free subchannels at multiple frequency bands. However, it may suffer from channel spectral nulls and heavy data rate overhead due to cyclic prefix insertion. Previously, a new OFDM framework, the precoded OFDM, has been proposed to mitigate the above two problems through precoding and conversion of an ISI channel into ISI-free vector channels. In this paper, we consider the application of the precoded OFDM system to efficient scalable video transmission. We propose to enhance the precoded OFDM system with adaptive vector channel allocation to provide stronger protection against errors to more important layers in the layered bit stream structure of scalable video. The more critical layers, or equivalently, the lower layers, are allocated vector channels of higher transmission quality. The channel quality is characterized by Frobenius norm metrics; based on channel estimation at the receiver. The channel allocation information is fed back periodically to the transmitter through a control channel. Simulation results have demonstrated the robustness of the proposed scheme to noise and fading inherent in wireless channels

orthogonal frequency division multiplexing


Computer mediated communication and university international students

Abstract: The design for the preliminary study presented was based on the experiences of the international students and faculty members of a small southwest university being surveyed and interviewed. The data collection procedure blends qualitative and quantitative data. A strong consensus was found that supports the study's premise that there is an association between the use of computer mediated communication (CMC) and teaching and learning performance of international students. Both groups believe CMC to be an effective teaching and learning tool by: increasing the frequency and quality of communication between students and instructors; improving language skills through increased writing and communication opportunities; allowing students and instructors to stay current and to compete effectively; providing alternative teaching and learning methods to increase students' confidence in their ability to communicate effectively with peers and instructors; and improving the instructors' pedagogical focus and questioning techniques

computer mediated communication
university international students
faculty members
small southwest university
data collection procedure
quantitative data
qualitative data
CMC
teaching
learning performance
language skills
communication opportunities
instructors
student confidence
peers
pedagogical focus
questioning techniques


MACLP: multi agent constraint logic programming

Abstract: Multi agent systems (MAS) have become the key technology for decomposing complex problems in order to solve them more efficiently, or for problems distributed in nature. However, many industrial applications, besides their distributed nature, also involve a large number of parameters and constraints, i.e. they are combinatorial. Solving such particularly hard problems efficiently requires programming tools that combine MAS technology with a programming schema that facilitates the modeling and solution of constraints. This paper presents MACLP (multi agent constraint logic programming), a logic programming platform for building, in a declarative way, multi agent systems with constraint-solving capabilities. MACLP extends CSPCONS, a logic programming system that permits distributed program execution through communicating sequential Prolog processes with constraints, by providing all the necessary facilities for communication between agents. These facilities abstract from the programmer all the low-level details of the communication and allow him to focus on the development of the agent itself


A spatial rainfall simulator for crop production modeling in Southern Africa

Abstract: This paper describes a methodology for simulating rainfall in dekads across a set of spatial units in areas where long-term meteorological records are available for a small number of sites only. The work forms part of a larger simulation model of the food system in a district of Zimbabwe, which includes a crop production component for yields of maize, small grains and groundnuts. Only a limited number of meteorological stations are available within or surrounding the district that have long time series of rainfall records. Preliminary analysis of rainfall data for these stations suggested that intra-seasonal temporal correlation was negligible, but that rainfall at any given station was correlated with rainfall at neighbouring stations. This spatial correlation structure can be modeled using a multivariate normal distribution consisting of 30 related variables, representing dekadly rainfall in each of the 30 wards. For each ward, log-transformed rainfall for each of the 36 dekads in the year was characterized by a mean and standard deviation, which were interpolated from surrounding meteorological stations. A covariance matrix derived from a distance measure was then used to represent the spatial correlation between wards. Sets of random numbers were then drawn from this distribution to simulate rainfall across the wards in any given dekad. Cross-validation of estimated rainfall parameters against observed parameters for the one meteorological station within the district suggests that the interpolation process works well. The methodology developed is useful in situations where long-term climatic records are scarce and where rainfall shows pronounced spatial correlation, but negligible temporal correlation

simulating rainfall
crop production modeling
Zimbabwe
covariance matrix
rainfall records
rainfall data
spatial correlation
multivariate normal distribution
parameter estimation
Southern Africa


A multimodal data collection tool using REALbasic and Mac OS X

Abstract: This project uses REALbasic 3.5 in the Mac OS X environment for development of a configuration tool that builds a data collection procedure for investigating the effectiveness of sonified graphs. The advantage of using REALbasic with the Mac OS X system is that it provides rapid development of stimulus presentation, direct recording of data to files, and control over other procedural issues. The program can be made to run natively on the new Mac OS X system, older Mac OS systems, and Windows (98SE, ME, 2000 PRO). With modification, similar programs could be used to present any number of visual/auditory stimulus combinations, complete with questions for each stimulus

multimodal data collection tool
REALbasic
Mac OS X environment
configuration tool
data collection
sonified graphs
visual data comprehension
psychology
visual stimulus
auditory stimulus
stimulus presentation
direct data recording
Windows


Low-voltage DRAM sensing scheme with offset-cancellation sense amplifier

Abstract: A novel bitline sensing scheme is proposed for low-voltage DRAM to achieve low power dissipation and compatibility with low-voltage CMOS. One of the major obstacles in low-voltage DRAM is the degradation of data-retention time due to low signal level at the memory cell, which requires power-consuming refresh operations more frequently. This paper proposes an offset-cancellation sense-amplifier scheme (OCSA) that improves data-retention time significantly even at low supply voltage. It also improves die efficiency, because the proposed scheme reduces the number of sense amplifiers by supporting more cells in each sense amplifier. Measurements show that the data-retention time of the proposed scheme at 1.5-V supply voltage is 2.4 times of the conventional scheme at 2.0 V

offset-cancellation sense amplifier scheme


ISCSI poised to lower SAN costs

Abstract: IT managers building storage area networks or expanding their capacity may be able to save money by using iSCSI and IP systems rather than Fibre Channel technologies

SAN costs
storage area networks
iSCSI
IP systems


Application of nonlinear time series analysis techniques to high-frequency currency exchange data

Abstract: In this work we have applied nonlinear time series analysis to high-frequency currency exchange data. The time series studied are the exchange rates between the US Dollar and 18 other foreign currencies from within and without the Euro zone. Our goal was to determine if their dynamical behaviours were in some way correlated. The nonexistence of stationarity called for the application of recurrence quantification analysis as a tool for this analysis, and is based on the definition of several parameters that allow for the quantification of recurrence plots. The method was checked using the European Monetary System currency exchanges. The results show, as expected, the high correlation between the currencies that are part of the Euro, but also a strong correlation between the Japanese Yen, the Canadian Dollar and the British Pound. Singularities of the series are also demonstrated taking into account historical events, in 1996, in the Euro zone

nonlinear time series
high-frequency currency exchange data
exchange rates
US Dollar
foreign currencies
Euro zone
stationarity
recurrence quantification analysis
recurrence plots
European Monetary System
Japanese Yen
Canadian Dollar
British Pound
historical events
econophysics
nonlinear dynamics


Virtual engineering office: a state-of-the-art platform for engineering collaboration

Abstract: A sales force in Latin America, the design department in Europe, and production in Asia? Arrangements of this kind are the new business reality for today's global manufacturing companies. But how are such global operations to be effectively coordinated? ABB's answer was to develop and implement a new platform for high-performance, real-time collaboration. Globally distributed engineering teams can now work together, regardless of time, location or the CAD system they use, making ABB easier to do business with, for customers as well as suppliers

virtual engineering office
state-of-the-art
engineering collaboration platform
business
global manufacturing companies
ABB
CAD system
globally distributed engineering teams


The p-p rearrangement and failure-tolerance of double p-ary multirings and generalized hypercubes

Abstract: It is shown that an arbitrary grouped p-element permutation can be implemented in a conflict-free way through the commutation of channels on the double p-ary multiring or the double p-ary hypercube. It is revealed that in arbitrary single-element permutations, these commutators display the property of the (p-1)-nodal failure-tolerance and the generalized hypercube displays in addition the property of the (p-1)-channel failure-tolerance

p-p rearrangement
failure-tolerance
double p-ary multirings
generalized hypercubes
p-element permutation
conflict-free implementation
single-element permutations
commutators


Temelin casts its shadow [nuclear power plant]

Abstract: Reservations about Temelin nuclear plant in the Czech Republic are political rather than technical. This paper discusses the problems of turbogenerator vibrations and how they were diagnosed. The paper also discusses some of the other problems of commissioning the power plant. The simulator used for training new staff is also mentioned

Temelin nuclear plant
Czech Republic
turbogenerator vibrations
power plant commissioning
training simulator


Full-screen ultrafast video modes over-clocked by simple VESA routines and registers reprogramming under MS-DOS

Abstract: Fast full-screen presentation of stimuli is necessary in psychological research. Although Spitczok von Brisinski (1994) introduced a method that achieved ultrafast display by reprogramming the registers, he could not produce an acceptable full-screen display. In this report, the author introduces a new method combining VESA routine calling with register reprogramming that can yield a display at 640 * 480 resolution, with a refresh rate of about 150 Hz

full-screen ultrafast video modes
fast full-screen stimuli presentation
psychological research
VESA routine calling
MS-DOS
register reprogramming


Down up [IT projects]

Abstract: Despite the second quarter's gloomy GDP report, savvy CIOs are forging ahead with big IT projects that will position their companies to succeed when the economy soars again

strategic technology projects
Walgreen
Ford
Caterpillar
Victoria's Secret
Morgan Stanley
Staples


Regularization of linear regression problems

Abstract: The study considers robust estimation of linear regression parameters by the regularization method, the pseudoinverse method, and the Bayesian method allowing for correlations and errors in the data. Regularizing algorithms are constructed and their relationship with pseudoinversion, the Bayesian approach, and BLUE is investigated

linear regression problems regularization


Quantitative speed control for SRM drive using fuzzy adapted inverse model

Abstract: Quantitative and robust speed control for a switched reluctance motor (SRM) drive is considered to be rather difficult and challenging owing to its highly nonlinear dynamic behavior. A speed control scheme having two-degree-of-freedom (2DOF) structure is developed here to improve the speed dynamic response of an SRM drive. In the proposed control scheme, the feedback controller is quantitatively designed to meet the desired regulation control requirements first. Then a reference model and a command feedforward controller based on an inverse plant model are employed to yield the desired tracking response at nominal case. As the variations of system parameters and operating conditions occur, the prescribed control specifications may not be satisfied any more. To improve this, the inverse model is adaptively tuned by a fuzzy control scheme so that the model-following tracking error is significantly reduced. In addition, a simple disturbance cancellation robust controller is added to improve the tracking and regulation control performances further

quantitative speed control
SRM drive
fuzzy adapted inverse model
switched reluctance motor
nonlinear dynamic behavior
two-degree-of-freedom structure
speed dynamic response
regulation control requirements
reference model
command feedforward controller
inverse plant model
tracking response
system parameters
operating conditions
control specifications
fuzzy control scheme
model-following tracking error
disturbance cancellation controller


Fuzzy control of multivariable process by modified error decoupling

Abstract: In this paper, a control concept for the squared (equal number of inputs and outputs) multivariable process systems is given. The proposed control system consists of two parts, single loop fuzzy controllers in each loop and a centralized decoupling unit. The fuzzy control system uses feedback control to minimize the error in the loop and the decoupler uses an adaptive technique to mitigate loop interactions. The decoupler predicts the interacting loop changes and modifies the input (error) of the loop controller. The controller was tested on the simulation model of "single component vaporizer" process

multivariable process
modified error decoupling
squared multivariable process systems
square multivariable process systems
single-loop fuzzy controllers
centralized decoupling unit
feedback control
error minimization
loop interaction mitigation
single component vaporizer process
set point changes
load changes


The ubiquitous provisioning of internet services to portable devices

Abstract: Advances in mobile telecommunications and device miniaturization call for providing both standard and novel location- and context-dependent Internet services to mobile clients. Mobile agents are dynamic, asynchronous, and autonomous, making the MA programming paradigm suitable for developing novel middleware for mobility-enabled services

mobile telecommunications
device miniaturization
Internet services
mobile clients
mobile agents
mobility-enabled services
middleware


The eyes have it [hotel security]

Abstract: CCTV systems can help lodging establishments accomplish a range of objectives, from deterring criminals to observing staff interactions with clientele. But pitfalls can arise if the CCTV system has not been properly integrated into the overall hotel security plan. CCTV system designs at new hotel properties are often too sophisticated, too complicated, and too costly, and do not take into consideration the security realities of site management. These problems arise when the professionals designing or installing the system, including architects, construction engineers, integrators, and consultants, are not familiar with a hotel's operating strategies or security standards

hotel security
CCTV system
site management
operating strategies


Prospecting virtual collections

Abstract: Virtual collections are a distinct sub-species of digital collections and digital archives. Archivists and curators as archivists and curators do not construct virtual collections; rather they enable virtual collections through the application of descriptive and other standards. Virtual collections are constructed by end users

virtual collections
digital collections
digital archives
archivists
curators
descriptive standards
end users
digitization


Search for efficient solutions of multi-criterion problems by target-level method

Abstract: The target-level method is considered for solving continuous multi-criterion maximization problems. In the first step, the decision-maker specifies a target-level point (the desired criterion values); then in the set of vector evaluations we seek points that are closest to the target point in the Chebyshev metric. The vector evaluations obtained in this way are in general weakly efficient. To identify the efficient evaluations, the second step maximizes the sum of the criteria on the set generated in step 1. We prove the relationship between the evaluations and decisions obtained by the proposed procedure, on the one hand, and the efficient (weakly efficient) evaluations and decisions, on the other hand. If the Edgeworth-Pareto hull of the set of vector evaluations is convex, the set of efficient vector evaluations can be approximated by the proposed method


Robust wavelet neuro control for linear brushless motors

Abstract: Design, simulation and experimental implementation of a wavelet basis function network learning controller for linear brushless dc motors (LBDCM) are considered. Stability robustness with position tracking is the primary concern. The proposed controller deals mainly with external disturbances, e.g. nonlinear friction force and payload variation in motion control of linear motors. It consists of two parts, one is a state feedback component, and the other one is a learning feedback component. The state feedback controller is designed on the basis of a simple linear model, and the learning feedback component is a wavelet neural controller. The attenuation effect of wavelet neural networks on friction force is first verified by the numerical method. The learning effect of wavelet neural networks on friction force is also shown in the numerical results. Then, a wavelet neural network is applied on a real LBDCM to on-line suppress the friction force, which may be variable due to the different lubrication. The effectiveness of the proposed control schemes is demonstrated by simulated and experimental results

robust wavelet neuro control
linear brushless motors
wavelet basis function network
LBDCM
stability robustness
position tracking
external disturbances
nonlinear friction force
payload variation
motion control
state feedback component
learning feedback component
attenuation effect
friction force
lubrication


Modularity in technology and organization

Abstract: The paper is an attempt to raid both the literature on modular design and the literature on property rights to create the outlines of a modularity theory of the firm. Such a theory will look at firms, and other organizations, in terms of the partitioning of rights-understood as protected spheres of authority-among cooperating parties. It will assert that organizations reflect nonmodular structures, that is, structures in which decision rights, rights of alienation, and residual claims to income do not all reside in the same hands

modularity
technology
organization
property rights
partitioning of rights
authority
cooperating parties
nonmodular structures
decision rights
rights of alienation
transaction costs


Quantum market games

Abstract: We propose a quantum-like description of markets and economics. The approach has roots in the recently developed quantum game theory

quantum market games
economics
quantum game theory
quantum strategies
financial markets


Standards for service discovery and delivery

Abstract: For the past five years, competing industries and standards developers have been hotly pursuing automatic configuration, now coined the broader term service discovery. Jini, Universal Plug and Play (UPnP), Salutation, and Service Location Protocol are among the front-runners in this new race. However, choosing service discovery as the topic of the hour goes beyond the need for plug-and-play solutions or support for the SOHO (small office/home office) user. Service discovery's potential in mobile and pervasive computing environments motivated my choice

service discovery
Jini
Universal Plug and Play
Salutation
Service Location Protocol
mobile computing
pervasive computing


Relativistic constraints on the distinguishability of orthogonal quantum states

Abstract: The constraints imposed by special relativity on the distinguishability of quantum states are discussed. An explicit expression relating the probability of an error in distinguishing two orthogonal single-photon states to their structure, the time t at which a measurement starts, and the interval of time T elapsed from the start of the measurement until the time at which the outcome is obtained by an observer is given as an example

nonrelativistic quantum information theory


The impact of EAD adoption on archival programs: a pilot survey of early implementers

Abstract: The article reports the results of a survey conducted to assess the impact that the implementation of Encoded Archival Description (EAD) has on archival programs. By gathering data related to the funding, staffing, and evaluation of EAD programs and about institutional goals for EAD implementation, the study explored how EAD has affected the operations of the institutions which are utilizing it and the extent to which EAD has become a part of regular repository functions

EAD adoption
archival programs
Encoded Archival Description
funding
staffing
EAD programs
institutional goals
EAD implementation
regular repository functions
archival descriptive standards
diffusion of innovation


Adaptive neural/fuzzy control for interpolated nonlinear systems

Abstract: Adaptive control for nonlinear time-varying systems is of both theoretical and practical importance. We propose an adaptive control methodology for a class of nonlinear systems with a time-varying structure. This class of systems is composed of interpolations of nonlinear subsystems which are input-output feedback linearizable. Both indirect and direct adaptive control methods are developed, where the spatially localized models (in the form of Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy systems or radial basis function neural networks) are used as online approximators to learn the unknown dynamics of the system. Without assumptions on rate of change of system dynamics, the proposed adaptive control methods guarantee that all internal signals of the system are bounded and the tracking error is asymptotically stable. The performance of the adaptive controller is demonstrated using a jet engine control problem

input-output feedback linearizable systems


An optimal control algorithm based on reachability set approximation and linearization

Abstract: The terminal functional of a general control system is refined by studying an analogous problem for a variational system and regularization. A sequential refinement method is designed by combining the local approximation of the reachability set and reduction. The corresponding algorithm has relaxation properties. An illustrative example is given

determinate systems
optimal control algorithm
reachability set approximation
linearization
terminal functional
variational system
regularization
sequential refinement method
local approximation
relaxation properties


Data storage: re-format. Closely tracking a fast-moving sector

Abstract: In the past few years the data center market has changed dramatically, forcing many companies into consolidation or bankruptcy. Gone are the days when companies raised millions of dollars to acquire large industrial buildings and transform them into glittering, high-tech palaces filled with the latest telecommunication and data technology. Whereas manufacturers of communication technology deliver the racked equipment in these, often mission-critical, facilities, ABB focuses mainly on the building infrastructure. Besides the very important redundant power supply, ABB also provides the redundant air conditioning and the security system

building management
data centers
building infrastructure
mission-critical facilities
ABB
engineering management
project management
installation
commissioning
redundant power supply
redundant air conditioning
security system


Control of combustion processes in an internal combustion engine by low-temperature plasma

Abstract: A new method of operation of internal combustion engines enhances power and reduces fuel consumption and exhaust toxicity. Low-temperature plasma control combines working processes of thermal engines and steam machines into a single process

combustion processes
internal combustion engine
low-temperature plasma
fuel consumption
exhaust toxicity
working processes
thermal engines
steam machines


Performance comparison between PID and dead-time compensating controllers

Abstract: This paper is intended to answer the question: "When can a simple dead-time compensator be expected to perform better than a PID?". The performance criterion used is the integrated absolute error (IAE). It is compared for PI and PID controllers and a simple dead-time compensator (DTC) when a step load disturbance is applied at the plant input. Both stable and integrating processes are considered. For a fair comparison the controllers should provide equal robustness in some sense. Here, as a measure of robustness, the H/sub infinity / norm of the sum of the absolute values of the sensitivity function and the complementary sensitivity function is used. Performance of the DTC's is given also as a function of dead-time margin (D/sub M/)

absolute value sum H/sub infinity / norm


Antipersistent Markov behavior in foreign exchange markets

Abstract: A quantitative check of efficiency in US dollar/Deutsche mark exchange rates is developed using high-frequency (tick by tick) data. The antipersistent Markov behavior of log-price fluctuations of given size implies, in principle, the possibility of a statistical forecast. We introduce and measure the available information of the quote sequence, and we show how it can be profitable following a particular trading rule

antipersistent Markov behavior
foreign exchange markets
efficiency
US dollar
Deutsche mark
exchange rates
high-frequency data
log-price fluctuations
statistical forecast
quote sequence
trading rule
Shannon entropy
forecasting


Mount Sinai Hospital uses integer programming to allocate operating room time

Abstract: An integer-programming model and a post-solution heuristic allocates operating room time to the five surgical divisions at Toronto's Mount Sinai Hospital. The hospital has used this approach for several years and credits it with both administrative savings and the ability to produce quickly an equitable master surgical schedule

Mount Sinai Hospital
integer programming
operating room time allocation
Toronto
Ontario
Canada
post-solution heuristic


Computer program to generate operant schedules

Abstract: A computer program for programming schedules of reinforcement is described. Students can use the program to experience schedules of reinforcement that are typically used with nonhuman subjects. Accumulative recording of a student's response can be shown on the screen and/or printed with the computer's printer. The program can also be used to program operant schedules for animal subjects. The program was tested with human subjects experiencing fixed ratio, variable ratio, fixed interval, and variable interval schedules. Performance for human subjects on a given schedule was similar to performance for nonhuman subjects on the same schedule

operant schedule generation
computer program
reinforcement schedule programming
nonhuman subjects
cumulative student response recording
animal subjects
fixed ratio schedules
variable ratio schedules
fixed interval schedules
variable interval schedules
human subjects


Building 3D anatomical scenes on the Web

Abstract: We propose a new service for building user-defined 3D anatomical structures on the Web. The Web server is connected to a database storing more than 1000 3D anatomical models reconstructed from the Visible Human. Users may combine existing models as well as planar oblique slices in order to create their own structured anatomical scenes. Furthermore, they may record sequences of scene construction and visualization actions. These actions enable the server to construct high-quality video animations, downloadable by the user. Professionals and students in anatomy, medicine and related disciplines are invited to use the server and create their own anatomical scenes

3D anatomical scenes
World Wide Web
user-defined 3D anatomical structures
Web server
database
3D anatomical models
Visible Human
planar oblique slices
structured anatomical scenes
volume visualization
surface reconstruction
applet-based rendering engine
Java
visualization
scene construction
high-quality video animation


Mobile computing "Killer app" competition

Abstract: Design competitions offer students an excellent way to gain hands-on experience in engineering and computer science courses. The University of Florida, in partnership with Motorola, has held two mobile computing design competitions. In Spring and Fall 2001, students in Abdelsalam Helal's Mobile Computing class designed killer apps for a Motorola smart phone

mobile computing
smart phone
Motorola
design competitions


New lower bounds of the size of error-correcting codes for the Z-channel

Abstract: Optimization problems on graphs are formulated to obtain new lower bounds of the size of error-correcting codes for the Z-channel

lower bounds
error-correcting codes
Z-channel
optimization problems
graphs


Spam solution?

Abstract: The author describes a solution to spam E-mails: disposable E-mail addresses (DEA). Mailshell's free trial Web-based E-mail service allows you, if you start getting spammed on that DEA, just to delete the DEA in Mailshell, and all E-mail thereafter sent to that address will automatically be junked (though you can later restore that address if you want). Mailshell allows any number of DEA

spam E-mails
disposable E-mail addresses
Mailshell
Web-based E-mail


Diagnosis of the technical state of heat systems

Abstract: A step-by-step approach to the diagnosis of the technical state of heat systems is stated. The class of physical defects is supplemented by the behavioral defects of objects, which are related to the disturbance of the modes of their operation. The implementation of the approach is illustrated by an example of the solution of a specific problem of the diagnosis of a closed heat consumption system

closed heat consumption system diagnosis


Real-time tissue characterization on the basis of in vivo Raman spectra

Abstract: The application of in vivo Raman spectroscopy for clinical diagnosis demands dedicated software that can perform the necessary signal processing and subsequent (multivariate) data analysis, enabling clinically relevant parameters to be extracted and made available in real time. Here we describe the design and implementation of a software package that allows for real-time signal processing and data analysis of Raman spectra. The design is based on automatic data exchange between Grams, a spectroscopic data acquisition and analysis program, and Matlab, a program designed for array-based calculations. The data analysis software has a modular design providing great flexibility in developing custom data analysis routines for different applications. The implementation is illustrated by a computationally demanding application for the classification of skin spectra using principal component analysis and linear discriminant analysis

clinically relevant parameters extraction


Uncertainty bounds and their use in the design of interval type-2 fuzzy logic systems

Abstract: We derive inner- and outer-bound sets for the type-reduced set of an interval type-2 fuzzy logic system (FLS), based on a new mathematical interpretation of the Karnik-Mendel iterative procedure for computing the type-reduced set. The bound sets can not only provide estimates about the uncertainty contained in the output of an interval type-2 FLS, but can also be used to design an interval type-2 FLS. We demonstrate, by means of a simulation experiment, that the resulting system can operate without type-reduction and can achieve similar performance to one that uses type-reduction. Therefore, our new design method, based on the bound sets, can relieve the computation burden of an interval type-2 FLS during its operation, which makes an interval type-2 FLS useful for real-time applications

uncertainty bounds
interval type-2 fuzzy logic systems
inner-bound sets
outer-bound sets
type-reduced set
Karnik-Mendel iterative procedure
real-time applications
time-series forecasting


The ultimate control group

Abstract: Empirical research on the organization of firms requires that firms be classified on the basis of their control structures. This should be done in a way that can potentially be made operational. It is easy to identify the ultimate controller of a hierarchical organization, and the literature has largely focused on this case. However, many organizational structures mix hierarchy with collective choice procedures such as voting, or use circular structures under which superiors are accountable to their subordinates. The author develops some analytic machinery that can be used to map the authority structures of such organizations, and show that under mild restrictions there is a well-defined ultimate control group. The results are consistent with intuitions about the nature of control in familiar economic settings

ultimate control group
hierarchical organization
organizational structures
authority structures
committees
control rights
firm organization


Selecting rail grade crossing investments with a decision support system

Abstract: The Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) has developed a series of rail and rail-related analysis tools that assist FRA officials, Metropolitan Planning Organizations (MPOs), state Department of Transportation (DOT), and other constituents in evaluating the cost and benefits of potential infrastructure projects. To meet agency objectives, the FRA wants to add a high-speed rail grade crossing analysis tool to its package of rail and rail-related intermodal software products. This paper presents a conceptual decision support system (DSS) that can assist officials in achieving this goal. The paper first introduces the FRA's objectives and the role of cost benefit analysis in achieving these objectives. Next, there is a discussion of the models needed to assess the feasibility of proposed high-speed rail grade crossing investments and the presentation of a decision support system (DSS) that can deliver these models transparently to users. Then, the paper illustrates a system session and examines the potential benefits from system use

rail grade crossing investment selection


Statistical inference with partial prior information based on a Gauss-type inequality

Abstract: Potter and Anderson (1983) have developed a Bayesian decision procedure requiring the specification of a class of prior distributions restricted to have a minimal probability content for a given subset of the parameter space. They do not, however, provide a method for the selection of that subset. We show how a generalization of Gauss' inequality can be used to determine the relevant parameter subset

Bayesian decision procedure
prior distributions
minimal probability content
parameter space
Gauss inequality
prior-to-posterior sensitivity
partial prior information


A server-side program for delivering experiments with animations

Abstract: A server-side program for animation experiments is presented. The program is capable of delivering an experiment composed of discrete animation sequences in various file formats, collecting a discrete or continuous response from the observer, evaluating the appropriateness of the response, and ensuring that the user is not proceeding at an unreasonable rate. Most parameters of the program are controllable by experimenter-edited text files or simple switches in the program code, thereby minimizing the need for programming to create new experiments. A simple demonstration experiment is discussed and is freely available

server-side program
animation experiment delivery
discrete animation sequences
file formats
Web based psychological experiments
Internet
experimenter-edited text files


Innovative phase unwrapping algorithm: hybrid approach

Abstract: We present a novel algorithm based on a hybrid of the global and local treatment of a wrapped map. The proposed algorithm is especially effective for the unwrapping of speckle-coded interferogram contour maps. In contrast to earlier unwrapping algorithms by region, we propose a local discontinuity-restoring criterion to serve as the preprocessor or postprocessor of our hybrid algorithm, which makes the unwrapping by region much easier and more efficient. With this hybrid algorithm, a robust, stable, and especially time effective phase unwrapping can be achieved. Additionally, the criterion and limitation of this hybrid algorithm are fully described. The robustness, stability, and speed of this hybrid algorithm are also studied. The proposed algorithm can be easily upgraded with minor modifications to solve the unwrapping problem of maps with phase inconsistency. Both numerical simulation and experimental applications demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm

robust stable time effective phase unwrapping


Teaching modeling in management science

Abstract: This essay discusses how we can most effectively teach Management Science to students in MBA or similar programs who will be, at best, part-time practitioners of these arts. I take as a working hypothesis the radical proposition that the heart of Management Science itself is not the impressive array of tools that have been built up over the years (optimization, simulation, decision analysis, queuing, and so on) but rather the art of reasoning logically with formal models. I believe it is necessary with this group of students to teach basic modeling skills, and in fact it is only when such students have these basic skills as a foundation that they are prepared to acquire the more sophisticated skills needed to employ Management Science. In this paper I present a hierarchy of modeling skills, from numeracy skills through sophisticated Management Science skills, as a framework within which to plan courses for the occasional practitioner

management science
modeling
numeracy skills
formal models
decision analysis


Lossy to lossless object-based coding of 3-D MRI data

Abstract: We propose a fully three-dimensional (3-D) object-based coding system exploiting the diagnostic relevance of the different regions of the volumetric data for rate allocation. The data are first decorrelated via a 3-D discrete wavelet transform. The implementation via the lifting steps scheme allows to map integer-to-integer values, enabling lossless coding, and facilitates the definition of the object-based inverse transform. The coding process assigns disjoint segments of the bitstream to the different objects, which can be independently accessed and reconstructed at any up-to-lossless quality. Two fully 3-D coding strategies are considered: embedded zerotree coding (EZW-3D) and multidimensional layered zero coding (MLZC), both generalized for region of interest (ROI)-based processing. In order to avoid artifacts along region boundaries, some extra coefficients must be encoded for each object. This gives rise to an overheading of the bitstream with respect to the case where the volume is encoded as a whole. The amount of such extra information depends on both the filter length and the decomposition depth. The system is characterized on a set of head magnetic resonance images. Results show that MLZC and EZW-3D have competitive performances. In particular, the best MLZC mode outperforms the others state-of-the-art techniques on one of the datasets for which results are available in the literature

lossy object-based coding
lossless object-based coding
3-D MRI data
diagnostic relevance
volumetric data
rate allocation
3-D discrete wavelet transform
lifting steps scheme
integer-to-integer values
object-based inverse transform
disjoint segments
bitstream
embedded zerotree coding
EZW-3D
multidimensional layered zero coding
NMZQ
region of interest-based processing
ROI-based processing
region boundaries
filter length
decomposition depth
head magnetic resonance images

R P P P P P P P P P P P P P P U M M P P P P


Security crisis management - the basics

Abstract: Of the more pervasive problems in any kind of security event is how the security event is managed from the inception to the end. There's a lot written about how to manage a specific incident or how to deal with a point problem such as a firewall log, but little tends to be written about how to deal with the management of a security event as part of corporate crisis management. This article discusses the basics of security crisis management and of the logical steps required to ensure that a security crisis does not get out of hand

security crisis management
security event
firewall log
corporate crisis management


Plenoptic image editing

Abstract: This paper presents a new class of interactive image editing operations designed to maintain consistency between multiple images of a physical 3D scene. The distinguishing feature of these operations is that edits to any one image propagate automatically to all other images as if the (unknown) 3D scene had itself been modified. The modified scene can then be viewed interactively from any other camera viewpoint and under different scene illuminations. The approach is useful first as a power-assist that enables a user to quickly modify many images by editing just a few, and second as a means for constructing and editing image-based scene representations by manipulating a set of photographs. The approach works by extending operations like image painting, scissoring, and morphing so that they alter a scene's plenoptic function in a physically-consistent way, thereby affecting scene appearance from all viewpoints simultaneously. A key element in realizing these operations is a new volumetric decomposition technique for reconstructing an scene's plenoptic function from an incomplete set of camera viewpoints

interactive image editing operations
multiple images
physical 3D scene
modified scene
camera viewpoint
image-based scene representations
image painting
scissoring
morphing
plenoptic function
volumetric decomposition technique
plenoptic image editing


Adaptive and efficient mutual exclusion

Abstract: The paper presents adaptive algorithms for mutual exclusion using only read and write operations; the performance of the algorithms depends only on the point contention, i.e., the number of processes that are concurrently active during algorithm execution (and not on n, the total number of processes). Our algorithm has O(k) remote step complexity and O(log k) system response time, where k is the point contention. The remote step complexity is the maximal number of steps performed by a process where a wait is counted as one step. The system response time is the time interval between subsequent entries to the critical section, where one time unit is the minimal interval in which every active process performs at least one step. The space complexity of this algorithm is O(N log n), where N is the range of process names. We show how to make the space complexity of our algorithm depend solely on n, while preserving the other performance measures of the algorithm

adaptive mutual exclusion
adaptive algorithms
read operations
write operations
point contention
algorithm execution
remote step complexity
system response time
critical section
minimal interval
active process
space complexity
performance measures


A method for solution of systems of linear algebraic equations with m-dimensional lambda -matrices

Abstract: A system of linear algebraic equations with m-dimensional lambda -matrices is considered. The proposed method of searching for the solution of this system lies in reducing it to a numerical system of a special kind

linear algebraic equations
numerical system
m-dimensional lambda -matrices


Adaptive digital watermarking using fuzzy logic techniques

Abstract: Digital watermarking has been proposed for copyright protection in our digital society. We propose an adaptive digital watermarking scheme based on the human visual system model and a fuzzy logic technique. The fuzzy logic approach is employed to obtain the different strengths and lengths of a watermark by the local characteristics of the image in our proposed scheme. In our experiments, this scheme provides a more robust and imperceptible watermark

adaptive digital watermarking
fuzzy logic techniques
copyright protection
digital society
human visual system model
local characteristics
imperceptible watermark
robust watermark
image processing


Multiple model adaptive estimation with filter spawning

Abstract: Multiple model adaptive estimation (MMAE) with filter spawning is used to detect and estimate partial actuator failures on the VISTA F-16. The truth model is a full six-degree-of-freedom simulation provided by Calspan and General Dynamics. The design models are chosen as 13-state linearized models, including first order actuator models. Actuator failures are incorporated into the truth model and design model assuming a "failure to free stream." Filter spawning is used to include additional filters with partial actuator failure hypotheses into the MMAE bank. The spawned filters are based on varying degrees of partial failures (in terms of effectiveness) associated with the complete-actuaton-failure hypothesis with the highest conditional probability of correctness at the current time. Thus, a blended estimate of the failure effectiveness is found using the filters' estimates based upon a no-failure hypothesis, a complete actuator failure hypothesis, and the spawned filters' partial-failure hypotheses. This yields substantial precision in effectiveness estimation, compared with what is possible without spawning additional filters, making partial failure adaptation a viable methodology

multiple model adaptive estimation
filter spawning
partial actuator failures
VISTA F-16
truth model
six-degree-of-freedom simulation
Calspan
in-flight simulator
test aircraft
flight control systems
General Dynamics
linearized models
MMAE
partial failures
conditional probability
no-failure hypothesis


Incremental motion control of linear synchronous motor

Abstract: In this study a particular incremental motion control problem, which is specified by the trapezoidal velocity profile using multisegment sliding mode control (MSSMC), is proposed to control a permanent magnet linear synchronous motor (PMLSM) servo drive system. First, the structure and operating principle of the PMLSM are described in detail. Second, a field-oriented control PMLSM servo drive is introduced. Then, each segment of the multisegment switching surfaces is designed to match the corresponding part of the trapezoidal velocity profile, thus the motor dynamics on the specified-segment switching surface have the desired velocity or acceleration corresponding part of the trapezoidal velocity profile. In addition, the proposed control system is implemented in a PC-based computer control system. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed PMLSM servo drive system is demonstrated by some simulated and experimental results

incremental motion control
linear synchronous motor
trapezoidal velocity profile
multisegment sliding mode control
permanent magnet motor
servo drive system
field-oriented control
multisegment switching surfaces
motor dynamics


Lossy SPICE models produce realistic averaged simulations

Abstract: In previous averaged models, the state-space averaging technique or switch waveforms analysis were usually applied over perfect elements, non-inclusive of the ohmic losses. However, if these elements play an active role in the DC transfer function, they affect the small-signal AC analysis by introducing various damping effects. A model is introduced in a boost voltage-mode application

lossy SPICE models
realistic averaged simulations
state-space averaging technique
switch waveforms analysis
damping effects
boost voltage-mode application
ohmic losses
DC transfer function


Pattern recognition strategies for molecular surfaces. II. Surface complementarity

Abstract: For pt.I see ibid., vol.23, p.1176-87 (2002). Fuzzy logic based algorithms for the quantitative treatment of complementarity of molecular surfaces are presented. Therein, the overlapping surface patches defined in part I of this series are used. The identification of complementary surface patches can be considered as a first step for the solution of molecular docking problems. Standard technologies can then be used for further optimization of the resulting complex structures. The algorithms are applied to 33 biomolecular complexes. After the optimization with a downhill simplex method, for all these complexes one structure was found, which is in very good agreement with the experimental results

pattern recognition strategies
surface complementarity
fuzzy logic based algorithms
quantitative treatment
molecular surfaces
overlapping surface
biomolecular complexes
optimization
downhill simplex method


A context-aware decision engine for content adaptation

Abstract: Building a good content adaptation service for mobile devices poses many challenges. To meet these challenges, this quality-of-service-aware decision engine automatically negotiates for the appropriate adaptation decision for synthesizing an optimal content version

content adaptation
mobile devices
quality-of-service-aware
decision engine
optimal content version
adaptation decision


How to avoid merger pitfalls

Abstract: Paul Diamond of consultancy KPMG explains why careful IT asset management is crucial to the success of mergers

consultancy
KPMG
IT asset management
mergers


On optimality in auditory information processing

Abstract: We study limits for the detection and estimation of weak sinusoidal signals in the primary part of the mammalian auditory system using a stochastic Fitzhugh-Nagumo model and an action-recovery model for synaptic depression. Our overall model covers the chain from a hair cell to a point just after the synaptic connection with a cell in the cochlear nucleus. The information processing performance of the system is evaluated using so-called phi -divergences from statistics that quantify "dissimilarity" between probability measures and are intimately related to a number of fundamental limits in statistics and information theory (IT). We show that there exists a set of parameters that can optimize several important phi -divergences simultaneously and that this set corresponds to a constant quiescent firing rate (QFR) of the spiral ganglion neuron. The optimal value of the QFR is frequency dependent but is essentially independent of the amplitude of the signal (for small amplitudes). Consequently, optimal processing according to several standard IT criteria can be accomplished for this model if and only if the parameters are "tuned" to values that correspond to one and the same QFR. This offers a new explanation for the QFR and can provide new insight into the role played by several other parameters of the peripheral auditory system

weak sinusoidal signals
mammalian auditory system
stochastic Fitzhugh-Nagumo model
action-recovery model
peripheral auditory system
quiescent firing rate
spiral ganglion neuron
brain


Defining electronic librarianship: a content analysis of job advertisements

Abstract: Advances in technology create dramatic changes within libraries. The complex issues surrounding this new electronic, end-user environment have major ramifications and require expert knowledge. Electronic services librarians and electronic resources librarians are two specialized titles that have recently emerged within the field of librarianship to fill this niche. Job advertisements listed in American Libraries from January 1989 to December 1998 were examined to identify responsibilities, qualifications, organizational and salary information relating to the newly emerging role of electronic librarian

electronic librarianship
content analysis
job advertisements
electronic end-user environment
electronic resources librarians
electronic services librarians
American Libraries
responsibilities
qualifications
organizational information
salary information


Model predictive control helps to regulate slow processes-robust barrel temperature control

Abstract: Slow temperature control is a challenging control problem. The problem becomes even more challenging when multiple zones are involved, such as in barrel temperature control for extruders. Often, strict closed-loop performance requirements (such as fast startup with no overshoot and maintaining tight temperature control during production) are given for such applications. When characteristics of the system are examined, it becomes clear that a commonly used proportional plus integral plus derivative (PID) controller cannot meet such performance specifications for this kind of system. The system either will overshoot or not maintain the temperature within the specified range during the production run. In order to achieve the required performance, a control strategy that utilizes techniques such as model predictive control, autotuning, and multiple parameter PID is formulated. This control strategy proves to be very effective in achieving the desired specifications, and is very robust

model predictive control
slow processes regulation
robust barrel temperature control
extruders
autotuning
multiple parameter PID


Allan variance and fractal Brownian motion

Abstract: Noise filtering is the subject of a voluminous literature in radio engineering. The methods of filtering require knowledge of the frequency response, which is usually unknown. D.W. Allan (see Proc. IEEE, vol.54, no.2, p.221-30, 1966; IEEE Trans. Instr. Measur., vol.IM-36, p.646-54, 1987) proposed a simple method of determining the interval between equally accurate observations which does without this information. In this method, the variances of the increments of noise and signal are equal, so that, in observations with a greater step, the variations caused by noise are smaller than those caused by the signal. This method is the standard accepted by the USA metrology community. The present paper is devoted to a statistical analysis of the Allan method and acquisition of additional information

Allan variance
fractal Brownian motion
noise filtering
radio engineering
frequency response
USA metrology community
statistical analysis
white noise


Shaping the future. BendWizard: a tool for off-line programming of robotic tending systems

Abstract: Setting up a robot to make metal cabinets or cases for desktop computers can be a complex operation. For instance, one expert might be required to carry out a feasibility study, and then another to actually program the robot. Understandably, the need for so much expertise, and the time that's required, generally limits the usefulness of automation to high-volume production. Workshops producing parts in batches smaller than 50 or so, or which rely heavily on semiskilled operators, are therefore often discouraged from investing in automation, and so miss out on its many advantages. What is needed is a software tool that operators without special knowledge of robotics, or with no more than rudimentary CAD skills, can use. One which allows easy offline programming and simulation of the work cell on a PC

robotic tending systems
BendWizard offline programming tool
metal cabinets
desktop computer cases
feasibility study
high-volume production
workshops
CAD skills
work cell simulation


Building digital collections at the OAC: current strategies with a view to future uses

Abstract: Providing a context for the exploration of user defined virtual collections, the article describes the history and recent development of the Online Archive of California (OAC). Stating that usability and user needs are primary factors in digital resource development, issues explored include collaborations to build digital collections, reliance upon professional standards for description and encoding, system architecture, interface design, the need for user tools, and the role of archivists as interpreters in the digital environment

digital collections
OAC
future uses
user defined virtual collections
history
Online Archive of California
user needs
digital resource
professional standards
system architecture
interface design
user tools
digital environment
Encoded Archival Description
archival descriptive standards
metadata standards
best practices
user studies


The variance of firm growth rates: the 'scaling' puzzle

Abstract: Recent evidence suggests that a power-law relationship exists between a firm's size and the variance of its growth rate. The flatness of the relation is regarded as puzzling, in that it suggests that large firms are not much more stable than small firms. It has been suggested that the powerlaw nature of the relationship reflects the presence of some form of correlation of growth rates across the firm's constituent businesses. Here, it is shown that a model of independent businesses which allows for the fact that these businesses vary in size, as modelled by a simple 'partitions of integers' model, provides a good representation of what is observed empirically

firm growth rates
scaling puzzle
power-law
flatness
correlation
constituent businesses
partitions of integers model
size distribution
corporate growth


The plot thins: thin-client computer systems and academic libraries

Abstract: The few libraries that have tried thin client architectures have noted a number of compelling reasons to do so. For starters, thin client devices are far less expensive than most PCs. More importantly, thin client computing devices are believed to be far less expensive to manage and support than traditional PCs

academic libraries
thin-client computer systems


In search of strategic operations research/management science

Abstract: We define strategic OR/MS as "OR/MS work that leads to a sustainable competitive advantage." We found evidence of strategic OR/MS in the literature of strategic information systems (SIS) and OR/MS. We examined 30 early examples of SIS, many of which contained OR/MS work. Many of the most successful had high OR/MS content, while the least successful contained none. The inclusion of OR/MS work may be a key to sustaining an advantage from information technology. We also examined the Edelman Prize finalist articles published between 1990 and 1999. We found that 13 of the 42 private sector applications meet our definition of strategic OR/MS

operations research
management science
strategic OR/MS
strategic information systems
SIS


Modelling user acceptance of building management systems

Abstract: This study examines user acceptance of building management systems (BMS) using a questionnaire survey. These systems are crucial for optimising building performance and yet it has been widely reported that users are not making full use of their systems' facilities. Established models of technology acceptance have been employed in this research, and the positive influence of user perceptions of ease of use and compatibility has been demonstrated. Previous research has indicated differing levels of importance of perceived ease of use relative to other factors. Here, perceived ease of use is shown generally to be more important, though the balance between this and compatibility is moderated by the user perceptions of voluntariness

user acceptance modelling
building management systems
technology acceptance model
innovation characteristics
information systems
questionnaire survey
user perceptions
ease of use
compatibility
voluntariness


Content standards for electronic books: the OEBF publication structure and the role of public interest participation

Abstract: In the emerging world of electronic publishing how we create, distribute, and read books will be in a large part determined by an underlying framework of content standards that establishes the range of technological opportunities and constraints for publishing and reading systems. But efforts to develop content standards based on sound engineering models must skillfully negotiate competing and sometimes apparently irreconcilable objectives if they are to produce results relevant to the rapidly changing course of technology. The Open eBook Forum's Publication Structure, an XML-based specification for electronic books, is an example of the sort of timely and innovative problem solving required for successful real-world standards development. As a result of this effort, the electronic book industry will not only happen sooner and on a larger scale than it would have otherwise, but the electronic books it produces will be more functional, more interoperable, and more accessible to all readers. Public interest participants have a critical role in this process

electronic publishing
electronic books
content standards
OEBF Publication Structure
public interest participation
Open eBook Forum Publication Structure
XML-based specification


A method of determining a sequence of the best solutions to the problems of optimization on finite sets and the problem of network reconstruction

Abstract: A method of determining a sequence of the best solutions to the problems of optimization on finite sets was proposed. Its complexity was estimated by a polynomial of the dimension of problem input, given number of sequence terms, and complexity of completing the design of the original extremal problem. The technique developed was applied to the typical problem of network reconstruction with the aim of increasing its throughput under restricted reconstruction costs

best solutions
optimization
finite sets
network reconstruction
complexity


Factors contributing to preservice teachers' discomfort in a Web-based course structured as an inquiry

Abstract: A report is given of a qualitative emergent design study of a Science, Technology, Society Interaction (STS) Web-enhanced course. Students' discomfort during the pilot test provided insight into the intellectual scaffolding that preservice secondary science teachers needed to optimize their performance when required to develop understanding through open-ended inquiry in a Web environment. Eight factors identified contributed to student discomfort: computer skills, paradigm shifts, trust, time management, thinking about their own thinking, systematic inquiry, self-assessment, and scientific discourse. These factors suggested developing understanding through inquiry by conducting a self-designed, open-ended, systematic inquiry required autonomous learning involving metacognitive skills and time management skills. To the extent in which students either came into the course with this scaffolding, or developed it during the course, they were successful in learning about STS and its relationship to science teaching. Changes in the Web site made to accommodate learners' needs as they surfaced are described

science technology society interaction course

R P P R P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P


E-mail and the legal profession

Abstract: The widespread use of E-mail can be found in all areas of commerce, and the legal profession is one that has embraced this new medium of communication. E-mail is not without its drawbacks, however. Due to the nature of the technologies behind the medium, it is a less secure form of communication than many of those traditionally used by the legal profession, including DX, facsimile, and standard and registered post. There are a number of ways in which E-mails originating from the practice may be protected, including software encryption, hardware encryption and various methods of controlling and administering access to the E-mails

E-mail
legal profession
secure communication
software encryption
hardware encryption
access control


Fresh tracks [food processing]

Abstract: Bar code labels and wireless terminals linked to a centralized database accurately track meat products from receiving to customers for Farmland Foods

food processing
bar code labels
wireless terminals
Farmland Foods
automatic data capture
Intermec Technologies


Using NetCloak to develop server-side Web-based experiments without writing CGI programs

Abstract: Server-side experiments use the Web server, rather than the participant's browser, to handle tasks such as random assignment, eliminating inconsistencies with Java and other client-side applications. Heretofore, experimenters wishing to create server-side experiments have had to write programs to create common gateway interface (CGI) scripts in programming languages such as Perl and C++. NetCloak uses simple, HTML-like commands to create CGIs. We used NetCloak to implement an experiment on probability estimation. Measurements of time on task and participants' IP addresses assisted quality control. Without prior training, in less than 1 month, we were able to use NetCloak to design and create a Web-based experiment and to help graduate students create three Web-based experiments of their own

NetCloak
server-side Web-based experiments
CGI programs
Web server
random assignment
Java
client-side applications
common gateway interface scripts
Perl
C++ language
HTML
probability estimation
IP addresses
quality control
graduate students
Internet
behavioral data
psychology


A pretopological approach for structural analysis

Abstract: The aim of this paper is to present a methodological approach for problems encountered in structural analysis. This approach is based upon the pretopological concepts of pseudoclosure and minimal closed subsets. The advantage of this approach is that it provides a framework which is general enough to model and formulate different types of connections that exist between the elements of a population. In addition, it has enabled us to develop a new structural analysis algorithm. An explanation of the definitions and properties of the pretopological concepts applied in this work is first shown and illustrated in sample settings. The structural analysis algorithm is then described and the results obtained in an economic study of the impact of geographic proximity on scientific collaborations are presented

pretopological approach
structural analysis
minimal closed subsets
pseudoclosure
connections
economic study
geographic proximity
scientific collaborations


Designing a screening experiment for highly reliable products

Abstract: Within a reasonable life-testing time, how to improve the reliability of highly reliable products is one of the great challenges. By using a resolution III experiment together with degradation test, Tseng et al. (1995) presented a case study of improving the reliability of fluorescent lamps. However, in conducting such an experiment, they did not address the problem of how to choose the optimal settings of variables, such as sample size, inspection frequency, and termination time for each run, which are influential to the correct identification of significant factors and the experimental cost. Assuming that the product's degradation paths satisfy Wiener processes, this paper proposes a systematic approach to the aforementioned problem. First, an identification rule is proposed. Next, under the constraints of a minimum probability of correct decision and a maximum probability of incorrect decision of the proposed identification rule, the optimum test plan can be obtained by minimizing the total experimental cost. An example is provided to illustrate the proposed method


Teaching management science with spreadsheets: From decision models to decision support

Abstract: The 1990s were a decade of enormous change for management science (MS) educators. While the outlook at the beginning of the decade was somewhat bleak, the renaissance in MS education brought about by the use of spreadsheets as the primary delivery vehicle for quantitative modeling techniques has resulted in a much brighter future. This paper takes inventory of the current state of MS education and suggests some promising new directions in the area of decision support systems for MS educators to consider for the future

management science
MS education
spreadsheets
quantitative modeling
decision support systems


Fully automatic algorithm for region of interest location in camera calibration

Abstract: We present an automatic method for region of interest (ROI) location in camera calibration used in computer vision inspection. An intelligent ROI location algorithm based on the Radon transform is developed to automate the calibration process. The algorithm remains robust even if the anchor target has a notable rotation angle in the target plane. This method functions well although the anchor target is not carefully positioned. Several improvement methods are studied to avoid the algorithm's huge time/space consumption problem. The algorithm runs about 100 times faster if these improvement methods are applied. Using this method fully automatic camera calibration is achieved without human interactive ROI specification. Experiments show that this algorithm can help to calibrate the intrinsic parameters of the zoom lens and the camera parameters quickly and automatically

Fully automatic algorithm
interest location
camera calibration
region of interest location
computer vision inspection
ROI location algorithm
Radon transform
calibration process
rotation angle
time/space consumption problem
fully automatic camera calibration
human interactive specification
intrinsic parameters
zoom lens
camera parameters


Virus hunting

Abstract: We all appreciate the need for, and hopefully we have all deployed, anti-virus software. The good news is that AV software has come a long way fast. Four or so years ago it was true to write that AV software could not detect Trojan Horses and similar intrusion attempts. Now it can and does. McAfee's VirusScan, for example, goes one further; it detects viruses, worms and Trojan Horses and deploys itself as a firewall to filter data packets, control access to Internet resources, activate rule sets for specific applications, in general to protect against hackers. But like so much software, we use it with little thought as to how it came to do its job. Behind the scenes there is an army of top notch programmers trying to stay ahead of the baddies who, at the last count, had produced some 60,000 viruses

anti-virus software
programmers
worms
Trojan Horses