diff --git "a/test.jsonl" "b/test.jsonl" new file mode 100644--- /dev/null +++ "b/test.jsonl" @@ -0,0 +1,500 @@ +{"id": "2007", "title": "The creation of a high-fidelity finite element model of the kidney for use in trauma research", "abstract": "A detailed finite element model of the human kidney for trauma research has been created directly from the National Library of Medicine Visible Human Female (VHF) Project data set. An image segmentation and organ reconstruction software package has been developed and employed to transform the 2D VHF images into a 3D polygonal representation. Nonuniform rational B-spline (NURBS) surfaces were then mapped to the polygonal surfaces, and were finally utilized to create a robust 3D hexahedral finite element mesh within a commercially available meshing software. The model employs a combined viscoelastic and hyperelastic material model to successfully simulate the behaviour of biological soft tissues. The finite element model was then validated for use in biomechanical research", "keyphrases": ["high-fidelity finite element model", "kidney", "trauma research", "National Library of Medicine", "Visible Human Female project", "medical data set", "image segmentation", "organ reconstruction", "physically based animation", "software package", "3D polygonal representation", "2D VHF images", "nonuniform rational B-spline surfaces", "NURBS", "polygonal surfaces", "3D hexahedral finite element mesh", "viscoelastic model", "hyperelastic material model", "biological soft tissues", "biomechanical research"]} +{"id": "2042", "title": "Hybrid simulation of space plasmas: models with massless fluid representation of electrons. IV. Kelvin-Helmholtz instability", "abstract": "For pt.III. see Prikl. Mat. Informatika, MAKS Press, no. 4, p. 5-56 (2000). This is a survey of the literature on hybrid simulation of the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability. We start with a brief review of the theory: the simplest model of the instability - a transition layer in the form of a tangential discontinuity; compressibility of the medium; finite size of the velocity shear region; pressure anisotropy. We then describe the electromagnetic hybrid model (ions as particles and electrons as a massless fluid) and the main numerical schemes. We review the studies on two-dimensional and three-dimensional hybrid simulation of the process of particle mixing across the magnetopause shear layer driven by the onset of a Kelvin-Helmholtz instability. The article concludes with a survey of literature on hybrid simulation of the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability in finite-size objects: jets moving across the magnetic field in the middle of the field reversal layer; interaction between a magnetized plasma flow and a cylindrical plasma source with zero own magnetic field", "keyphrases": ["hybrid simulation", "space plasmas", "massless fluid representation", "Kelvin-Helmholtz instability", "transition layer", "tangential discontinuity", "pressure anisotropy", "electromagnetic hybrid model", "three-dimensional hybrid simulation", "magnetopause shear layer", "field reversal layer", "magnetized plasma flow", "cylindrical plasma source"]} +{"id": "308", "title": "On-line Homework/Quiz/Exam applet: freely available Java software for evaluating performance on line", "abstract": "The Homework/Quiz/Exam applet is a freely available Java program that can be used to evaluate student performance on line for any content authored by a teacher. It has database connectivity so that student scores are automatically recorded. It allows several different types of questions. Each question can be linked to images and detailed story problems. Three levels of feedback are provided to student responses. It allows teachers to randomize the sequence of questions and to randomize which of several options is the correct answer in multiple-choice questions. The creation and editing of questions involves menu selections, button presses, and the typing of content; no programming knowledge is required. The code is open source in order to encourage modifications that will meet individual pedagogical needs", "keyphrases": ["online Homework/Quiz/Exam applet", "freely available Java software", "online student performance evaluation", "teacher authored content", "database connectivity", "automatic student score recording", "images", "detailed story problems", "feedback", "randomized question sequence", "multiple-choice questions", "question editing", "question creation", "menu selections", "button presses", "typing content", "individual pedagogical needs"]} +{"id": "215", "title": "A conceptual framework for evaluation of information technology investments", "abstract": "The decision to acquire a new information technology poses a number of serious evaluation and selection problems to technology managers, because the new system must not only meet current information requirements of the organisation, but also the needs for future expansion. Tangible and intangible benefits factors, as well as risks factors, must be identified and evaluated. The paper provides a review of ten major evaluation categories and available models, which fall under each category, showing their advantages and disadvantages in handling the above difficulties. This paper describes strategic implications involved in the selection decision, and the inherent difficulties in: (1) choosing or developing a model, (2) obtaining realistic inputs for the model, and (3) making tradeoffs among the conflicting factors. It proposes a conceptual framework to help the decision maker in choosing the most appropriate methodology in the evaluation process. It also offers a new model, called GAHP, for the evaluation problem combining integer goal linear programming and analytic hierarchy process (AHP) in a single hybrid multiple objective multi-criteria model. A goal programming methodology, with zero-one integer variables and mixed integer constraints, is used to set goal target values against which information technology alternatives are evaluated and selected. AHP is used to structure the evaluation process providing pairwise comparison mechanisms to quantify subjective, nonmonetary, intangible benefits and risks factors, in deriving data for the model. A case illustration is provided showing how GAHP can be formulated and solved", "keyphrases": ["information technology investments", "technology managers", "information requirements", "risks factors", "evaluation categories", "selection decision", "tradeoffs", "decision maker", "analytic hierarchy process", "hybrid multiple objective multi-criteria model", "goal programming methodology", "zero-one integer variables", "mixed integer constraints", "goal target values", "information technology alternatives", "pairwise comparison mechanisms", "nonmonetary benefits", "intangible benefits", "group decision process"]} +{"id": "250", "title": "Aim for the enterprise: Microsoft Project 2002", "abstract": "A long-time favorite of project managers, Microsoft Project 2002 is making its enterprise debut. Its new Web-based collaboration tools and improved scalability with OLAP support make it much easier to manage multiple Web projects with disparate workgroups and budgets", "keyphrases": ["Microsoft Project 2002", "Web-based collaboration tools", "scalability", "OLAP support", "multiple Web project management", "workgroups", "budgets"]} +{"id": "1996", "title": "Quality image metrics for synthetic images based on perceptual color differences", "abstract": "Due to the improvement of image rendering processes, and the increasing importance of quantitative comparisons among synthetic color images, it is essential to define perceptually based metrics which enable to objectively assess the visual quality of digital simulations. In response to this need, this paper proposes a new methodology for the determination of an objective image quality metric, and gives an answer to this problem through three metrics. This methodology is based on the LLAB color space for perception of color in complex images, a modification of the CIELab1976 color space. The first metric proposed is a pixel by pixel metric which introduces a local distance map between two images. The second metric associates, to a pair of images, a global value. Finally, the third metric uses a recursive subdivision of the images to obtain an adaptative distance map, rougher but less expensive to compute than the first method", "keyphrases": ["quality image metrics", "synthetic images", "perceptual color differences", "image rendering", "color images", "perceptually based metrics", "visual quality", "digital simulations", "LLAB color space", "CIELab1976 color space", "pixel by pixel metric", "local distance map", "global value", "recursive subdivision", "adaptative distance map"]} +{"id": "2162", "title": "More constructions for Boolean algebras", "abstract": "We construct Boolean algebras with prescribed behaviour concerning depth for the free product of two Boolean algebras over a third, in ZFC using pcf; assuming squares we get results on ultraproducts. We also deal with the family of cardinalities and topological density of homomorphic images of Boolean algebras (you can translate it to topology-on the cardinalities of closed subspaces); and lastly we deal with inequalities between cardinal invariants, mainly d(B)/sup kappa /<|B| implies ind(B)>/sup kappa /V Depth(B)>or=log(|B|)", "keyphrases": ["Boolean algebras", "prescribed behaviour", "free product", "ZFC", "ultraproducts", "homomorphic images", "cardinal invariants"]} +{"id": "2127", "title": "System embedding. Polynomial equations", "abstract": "The class of solutions of the polynomial equations including their generalizations in the form of the Bezout matrix identities was constructed analytically using the technology of constructive system embedding. The structure of a solution depends on the number of steps of the Euclidean algorithm and is obtained explicitly by appropriate substitutions. Illustrative and descriptive examples are presented", "keyphrases": ["determinate systems", "polynomial equations", "Bezout matrix identities", "constructive system embedding", "Euclidean algorithm"]} +{"id": "290", "title": "MEMS applications in computer disk drive dual-stage servo systems", "abstract": "We present a decoupled discrete time pole placement design method, which can be combined with a self-tuning scheme to compensate variations in the microactuator's (MA's) resonance mode. Section I of the paper describes the design and fabrication of a prototype microactuator with an integrated gimbal structure. Section II presents a decoupled track-following controller design and a self-tuning control scheme to compensate for the MA's resonance mode variations", "keyphrases": ["computer disk drive dual-stage servo systems", "MEMS", "microactuator", "servo control", "hard disk drives", "decoupled discrete time pole placement design method", "self-tuning scheme", "electrostatic design", "fabrication process", "track-following controller design"]} +{"id": "1956", "title": "Dynamical transition to periodic motions of a recurrent bus induced by nonstops", "abstract": "We study the dynamical behavior of a recurrent bus on a circular route with many bus stops when the recurrent bus passes some bus stops without stopping. The recurrent time (one period) is described in terms of a nonlinear map. It is shown that the recurrent bus exhibits the complex periodic behaviors. The dynamical transitions to periodic motions occur by increasing nonstops. The periodic motions depend on the property of an attractor of the nonlinear map. The period n of the attractor varies sensitively with the number of nonstops", "keyphrases": ["dynamical transition", "periodic motions", "recurrent bus", "nonstops", "circular route", "recurrent time", "nonlinear map", "complex periodic behaviors", "attractor"]} +{"id": "228", "title": "Rapid microwell polymerase chain reaction with subsequent ultrathin-layer gel electrophoresis of DNA", "abstract": "Large-scale genotyping, mapping and expression profiling require affordable, fully automated high-throughput devices enabling rapid, high-performance analysis using minute quantities of reagents. In this paper, we describe a new combination of microwell polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based DNA amplification technique with automated ultrathin-layer gel electrophoresis analysis of the resulting products. This technique decreases the reagent consumption (total reaction volume 0.75-1 mu L), the time requirement of the PCR (15-20 min) and subsequent ultrathin-layer gel electrophoresis based fragment analysis (5 min) by automating the current manual procedure and reducing the human intervention using sample loading robots and computerized real time data analysis. Small aliquots (0.2 mu L) of the submicroliter size PCR reaction were transferred onto loading membranes and analyzed by ultrathin-layer gel electrophoresis which is a novel, high-performance and automated microseparation technique. This system employs integrated scanning laser-induced fluorescence-avalanche photodiode detection and combines the advantages of conventional slab and capillary gel electrophoresis. Visualization of the DNA fragments was accomplished by \"in migratio\" complexation with ethidium bromide during the electrophoresis process also enabling real time imaging and data analysis", "keyphrases": ["rapid microwell polymerase chain reaction", "ultrathin-layer gel electrophoresis", "DNA amplification", "large-scale genotyping", "expression profiling", "rapid high-performance analysis", "automated electrophoresis analysis", "reagent consumption", "sample loading robots", "computerized real time data analysis", "automated microseparation", "integrated scanning LIF APD detection", "complexation with ethidium bromide", "real time imaging"]} +{"id": "370", "title": "Virtual borders, real laws [Internet activity and treaties]", "abstract": "National governments are working to tame activity on the Internet. They have worked steadily to extend control over online activities that they believe affect their interests, even when the activities occur outside their borders. These usually involve what governments regard as their domain: protecting public order, enforcing commercial laws, and, occasionally, protecting consumer interests. Methods have included assertions or legal jurisdiction based on where material is accessible instead of where it originates, and the blocking of sites, service providers, or entire high level domains from access by citizens. Such instances are mentioned in this article. Whilst larger companies are able to defend themselves against overseas lawsuits, individuals and smaller organizations lack the resources to defend what are often normal business activities at home, but could violate the laws of local jurisdictions in countries around the world. The problems of libel are discussed as are the blocking of certain sites by certain countries. Efforts to draw up Internet treaties are also mentioned", "keyphrases": ["national governments", "Internet activity", "online activities", "public order protection", "commercial laws enforcement", "legal jurisdiction", "consumer interests protection", "Internet sites blocking", "lawsuits", "Internet treaties"]} +{"id": "2082", "title": "Managing safety and strategic stocks to improve materials requirements planning performance", "abstract": "This paper provides a methodology for managing safety and strategic stocks in materials requirements planning (MRP) environments to face uncertainty in market demand. A set of recommended guidelines suggest where to position, how to dimension and when to replenish both safety and strategic stocks. Trade-offs between stock positioning and dimensioning and between stock positioning and replenishment order triggering are outlined. The study reveals also that most of the decisions are system specific, so that they should be evaluated in a quantitative manner through simulation. A case study is reported, where the benefits from adopting the new proposed methodology lie in achieving the target service level even under peak demand conditions, with the value of safety stocks as a whole growing only by about 20 per cent", "keyphrases": ["MRP", "materials requirements planning", "market demand", "strategic stocks", "safety stocks", "inventory management", "variance control", "stock replenishment", "service level", "peak demand"]} +{"id": "335", "title": "Fresh voices, big ideas [IBM internship program]", "abstract": "IBM is matching up computer-science and MBA students with its business managers in an 11-week summer internship program and challenging them to develop innovative technology ideas", "keyphrases": ["internship program", "IBM business managers", "MBA college students", "computer-science students", "patents"]} +{"id": "249", "title": "Randomized two-process wait-free test-and-set", "abstract": "We present the first explicit, and currently simplest, randomized algorithm for two-process wait-free test-and-set. It is implemented with two 4-valued single writer single reader atomic variables. A test-and-set takes at most 11 expected elementary steps, while a reset takes exactly 1 elementary step. Based on a finite-state analysis, the proofs of correctness and expected length are compressed into one table", "keyphrases": ["randomized two-process wait-free test-and-set", "randomized algorithm", "4-valued single writer single reader atomic variables", "expected elementary steps", "finite-state analysis", "correctness proofs", "symmetry breaking", "asynchronous distributed protocols", "fault-tolerance", "shared memory", "wait-free read/write registers"]} +{"id": "1972", "title": "Online auctions: dynamic pricing and the lodging industry", "abstract": "The traditional channels of distribution for overnight accommodation are rapidly being displaced by Web site scripting, online intermediaries, and specialty brokers. Businesses that pioneered Internet usage relied on it as a sales and marketing alternative to predecessor product distribution channels. As such, Web sites replace the traditional trading model to the Internet. Web-enabled companies are popular because the medium renders the process faster, less costly, highly reliable, and secure. Auction-based models impact business models by converting the price setting mechanism from supplier-centric to market-centric and transforming the trading model from \"one to many\" to \"many to many.\" Historically, pricing was based on the cost of production plus a margin of profit. Traditionally, as products and services move through the supply chain, from the producer to the consumer, various intermediaries added their share of profit to the price. As Internet based mediums of distribution become more prevalent, traditional pricing models are being supplanted with dynamic pricing. A dynamic pricing model represents a flexible system that changes prices not only from product to product, but also from customer to customer and transaction to transaction. Many industry leaders are skeptical of the long run impact of online auctions on lodging industry profit margins, despite the fact pricing theory suggests that an increase in the flow of information results in efficient market pricing. The future of such endeavors remains promising, but controversial", "keyphrases": ["online auctions", "dynamic pricing", "lodging industry", "overnight accommodations", "Web site scripting", "online intermediaries", "specialty brokers", "Internet usage", "sales", "marketing", "trading model", "business models", "price setting mechanism", "supply chain"]} +{"id": "1937", "title": "Nonlinear extrapolation algorithm for realization of a scalar random process", "abstract": "A method of construction of a nonlinear extrapolation algorithm is proposed. This method makes it possible to take into account any nonlinear random dependences that exist in an investigated process and are described by mixed central moment functions. The method is based on the V. S. Pugachev canonical decomposition apparatus. As an example, the problem of nonlinear extrapolation is solved for a moment function of third order", "keyphrases": ["nonlinear extrapolation algorithm", "scalar random process", "nonlinear random dependences", "mixed central moment functions", "canonical decomposition apparatus", "moment function"]} +{"id": "2146", "title": "Trusted...or...trustworthy: the search for a new paradigm for computer and network security", "abstract": "This paper sets out a number of major questions and challenges which include: (a) just what is meant by `trusted' or `trustworthy' systems after 20 years of experience, or more likely, lack of business level experience, with the 'trusted computer system' criteria anyway; (b) does anyone really care about the adoption of international standards for computer system security evaluation by IT product and system manufacturers and suppliers (IS 15408) and, if so, how does it all relate to business risk management anyway (IS 17799); (c) with the explosion of adoption of the microcomputer and personal computer some 20 years ago, has the industry abandoned all that it learnt about security during the `mainframe era'; or - `whatever happened to MULTICS' and its lessons; (d) has education kept up with security requirements by industry and government alike in the need for safe and secure operation of large scale and networked information systems on national and international bases, particularly where Web or Internet-based information services are being proposed as the major `next best thing' in the IT industry; (e) has the `fourth generation' of computer professionals inherited the spirit of information systems management and control that resided by necessity with the last `generation', the professionals who developed and created the applications for shared mainframe and minicomputer systems?", "keyphrases": ["computer security", "network security", "trusted systems", "trustworthy systems", "international standards", "IS 15408", "business risk management", "IS 17799", "IT manufacturers", "microcomputer", "personal computer", "MULTICS", "education", "large scale information systems", "Web", "Internet-based information services", "fourth generation computer professionals", "information systems management", "information systems control"]} +{"id": "2103", "title": "The social impact of Internet gambling", "abstract": "Technology has always played a role in the development of gambling practices and continues to provide new market opportunities. One of the fastest growing areas is that of Internet gambling. The effect of such technologies should not be accepted uncritically, particularly as there may be areas of potential concern based on what is known about problem gambling offline. This article has three aims. First, it overviews some of the main social concerns about the rise of Internet gambling. Second, it looks at the limited research that has been carried out in this area. Third, it examines whether Internet gambling is doubly addictive, given research that suggests that the Internet can be addictive itself. It is concluded that technological developments in Internet gambling will increase the potential for problem gambling globally, but that many of the ideas and speculations outlined in this article need to be addressed further by large-scale empirical studies", "keyphrases": ["social impact", "Internet gambling", "market opportunities", "technological developments", "addiction", "electronic cash", "psychology"]} +{"id": "4", "title": "Industry insiders loading up on cheap company stock", "abstract": "A surge of telecom executives and directors purchasing their own companies, stock in the last two months points toward a renewed optimism in the beleaguered sector, say some observers, who view the rash of insider buying as a vote of confidence from management. Airgate PCS, Charter Communications, Cox Communications, Crown Castle International, Nextel Communications and Nortel Networks all have seen infusions of insider investment this summer, echoing trends in both the telecom industry and the national economy", "keyphrases": ["telecom industry", "insider investment"]} +{"id": "354", "title": "Fault-tolerant Hamiltonian laceability of hypercubes", "abstract": "It is known that every hypercube Q/sub n/ is a bipartite graph. Assume that n>or=2 and F is a subset of edges with |F|or=3 and F is a subset of edges with |F|