VESPAS E SUAS INTERAÇÕES ECOLÓGICAS
Autor: Ciência Já | Publicado: 2013-02-27T05:22:00-08:00

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Popularmente
conhecidas como “marimbondos” ou facilmente confundidas com abelhas e até como
besouros devido ao som propagado por suas asas, as vespas são um dos principais
representantes da ordem himenóptera. Juntamente com formigas e abelhas, elas dão
origem a uma das maiores ordens dentre a classe
dos&nbsp;insetos.
Esta inclui uma impressionante diversidade de formas,
tamanhos e padrões comportamentais.Vale destacar os padrões: sociais,
solitários e parasíticos.

Assim como o próprio nome sugere, as vespas socias possuem um
elaborado grau de socialização e padrões complexos de arquitetura em seus ninhos,
sem falar na grandiosa diversidade de relações ecológicas desenvolvidas em
quase todos os ecossistemas terrestres. Desempenham um importante papel
agroecológico por atuarem como agentes polinizadores de alguns vegetais e por
serem exímios predadores de larvas de possíveis pragas como: larvas de lepidópteros
e de outros insetos. Estas são destinadas a ovoposição e desenvolvimento futuro de
novos vespídeos para a colônia.

Sem o elevado grau de complexidade em seus ninhos e ausência
de padrões sociais, as vespas solitárias geralmente nidificamem
orifícios e saliências naturais ou, de forma isolada e diminuta, em diversificados tipos
de substratos. Algumas apresentam um importante papel no controle de aracnídeos do
ambiente, por esse fato estas são também conhecidas como vespas caçadoras de
aranhas, ou “vespas tarântulas”, sendo estes receptáculos e fontes de alimento
para sua prole.

As vespas parasitas, por sua vez, representam um ramo das
vespas com caráter solitário, algumas são facilmente identificadas devido ao
avantajado ovopositor ao término do seu abdômen, esta estrutura, assim como das
demais vespas, pode atuar como inoculador de toxinas ou como o próprio nome
condiz, está relacionado à postura de ovos. Ao selecionar uma presa, a parasita
injeta uma poderosa toxina que pode causar paralisia, ou até mesmo controlar os
movimentos de suas vítimas. Seus ovos são depositados no interior dos organismos
coletados, sejam eles outros artrópodes ou até mesmo estruturas vegetais que futuramente
serão consumidos por larvas do seu predador.&nbsp;


Vale destacar que os vespídeos na fase adulta, por serem
indivíduos nectarívoros e polinívoros, não se alimentam de nenhuma de suas vítimas,
todos os organismos capturados são fonte exclusiva de alimento para suas larvas.
Os imaturos possuem distintos hábitos alimentares e desempenham diferentes
relações ecológicas em relação aos dos seus progenitores.&nbsp;&nbsp;



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   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"/>
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   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/>
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   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 6"/>
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   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 6"/>
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   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"/>
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   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"/>
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   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"/>
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   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"/>
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   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/>
  <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" SemiHidden="false"
   UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Emphasis"/>
  <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" SemiHidden="false"
   UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Emphasis"/>
  <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" SemiHidden="false"
   UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Reference"/>
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   UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Reference"/>
  <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" SemiHidden="false"
   UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/>
  
  
 
<![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 10]>

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 table.MsoNormalTable
 {mso-style-name:"Tabela normal";
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<![endif]-->



WILDIO IKARO DA
GRAÇA SANTOS



&nbsp;





O trabalho VESPAS E SUAS INTERAÇÕES ECOLÓGICAS de WILDIO IKARO DA GRAÇA SANTOS foi licenciado com uma Licença Creative Commons - Atribuição-NãoComercial-CompartilhaIgual 3.0 Não Adaptada.