Questão para exercitar - Geografia
Autor: Ludmila Dutra Soares | Publicado: 2013-07-24T15:59:00-07:00

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Enem 2012

 &nbsp;

TEXTO
I







Ao se emanciparem
da tutela senhorial, muitos camponeses foram desligados legalmente da antiga
terra. Deveriam pagar, para adquirir propriedade ou arrendamento. Por não
possuírem recursos, engrossaram a camada cada vez maior de jornaleiros e
trabalhadores volantes, outros, mesmo tendo propriedade sobre um pequeno lote,
suplementavam sua existência com o assalariamento esporádico.







MACHADO, P. P. Política e
colonização no Império. Porto Alegre: EdUFRGS, 1999 (adaptado).







TEXTO
II







Com a
globalização da economia ampliou-se a hegemonia do modelo de desenvolvimento
agropecuário, com seus padrões tecnológicos, caracterizando o agronegócio. Essa
nova face da agricultura capitalista também mudou a forma de controle e
exploração da terra. Ampliou-se, assim, a ocupação de áreas agricultáveis e as
fronteiras agrícolas se estenderam.







SADER, E.; JINKINGS, I. Enciclopédia
Contemporânea da América Latina e do Caribe. São Paulo: Boitempo,
2006 (adaptado).







Os textos
demonstram que, tanto na Europa do século XIX quanto no contexto
latino-americano do século XXI, as alterações tecnológicas vivenciadas no campo
interferem na vida das populações locais, pois

&nbsp; 



a) induzem
os jovens ao estudo nas grandes cidades, causando o êxodo rural, uma vez que
formados, não retornam à sua região de origem. &nbsp;&nbsp;



b) impulsionam
as populações locais a buscar linhas de financiamento estatal com o objetivo de
ampliar a agricultura familiar, garantindo sua fixação no campo. &nbsp;&nbsp;



c) ampliam
o protagonismo do Estado, possibilitando a grupos econômicos ruralistas
produzir e impor políticas agrícolas, ampliando o controle que tinham dos
mercados. &nbsp;&nbsp;



d) aumentam
a produção e a produtividade de determinadas culturas em função da
intensificação da mecanização, do uso de agrotóxicos e cultivo de plantas
transgênicas. &nbsp;&nbsp;



e) desorganizam
o modo tradicional de vida impelindo-as à busca por melhores condições no espaço
urbano ou em outros países em situações muitas vezes precárias. &nbsp;&nbsp;















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Resposta: E

&nbsp;



Transformações
tecnológicas no campo e a concentração fundiária em vários períodos da história
impulsionaram o êxodo rural rumo às cidades. No caso da Europa do século XIX,
houve intensa migração estimulada pela industrialização. Na América Latina, a
mecanização agrícola e desigualdade na distribuição de terras conduziram ao
êxodo para centros urbanos e industriais. No México, o fluxo também se
direcionou aos Estados Unidos. &nbsp;
&nbsp;