Apostila de Química Inorgânica do Prof. Léo Marcos   Cálculos Químicos - Leis Ponderais
Autor: Blog do Prof. Leo Marcos | Publicado: 2011-04-04T18:58:00-07:00


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 <![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]>   <![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]>                                                                     <![endif]-->  CAPÍTULO VI&nbsp; -&nbsp; CÁLCULOS QUÍMICOS LEIS PONDERAIS
Lei de Lavoisier (Lei da Conservação das Massas)
Numa reação química, a massa total do reagente é numericamente igual à massa total do produto&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Hidrogênio&nbsp; +&nbsp; Oxigênio&nbsp; ====&gt; &nbsp;&nbsp; Água&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 2g&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 16g&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 18g
Lei de Proust ( Lei das Proporções Constantes)
Numa reação química, a proporção entre as massas das substâncias participantes é sempre constante.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;Hidrogênio&nbsp;&nbsp; +&nbsp;&nbsp; Oxigênio&nbsp;&nbsp; ====&gt; &nbsp; Água&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;2g&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;16g&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;18g&nbsp; 
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;                                                  
Hidrogênio&nbsp;&nbsp; +&nbsp;&nbsp; Oxigênio&nbsp;&nbsp; ====&gt; &nbsp; Água&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;4g&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;32g&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;36g



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 <![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]>   <![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]>                 <![endif]-->&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; GRANDEZAS QUIMICAS  &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Unidade de Massa Atômica ( μ )Atualmente nossa escala de massa atômica está baseada no isótopo mais comum do Carcono, com número de massa igual a 12 (12C), ao qual foi atribuída exatamente a massa de 12 unidades de massa atômica ( μ ).     Unidade de massa atômica ( μ ): é a massa de 1/12 do átomo do Carbono com número de massa igual a 12 (12C).

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Massa molecular ( MM )
É a soma das massas atômicas dos átomos que constituem as moléculas. Vejamos alguns exemplos:( massas atômicas: H=1u, O=16u, C=12u ).
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; H2O ===&gt; &nbsp;&nbsp; 2 . 1 = 2&nbsp;&nbsp; +&nbsp;&nbsp; 1 . 16 = 16&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; MM = 18u
C5H10&nbsp; ==&gt; &nbsp;&nbsp; 5 . 12 = 60&nbsp;&nbsp; +&nbsp;&nbsp; 10 . 1 = 10&nbsp;&nbsp; MM = 70u
MOL“É a quantidade de matéria de um sistema que contém tantas entidades elementares quantos são os átomos contidos em 0,012 kg de 12C”.No nosso cotidiano, compramos, vendemos e contamos coisas indicando sua massa (1kg de açúcar) ou seu volume (1 L de leite) ou ainda seu número de unidades.Em química, as quantidades de átomos, moléculas e partículas, são indicadas utilizando-se o termo mol.O valor dessa quantidade de partículas é igual a 6,02 . 1023 (602 sextilhões), conhecido como Número de Avogadro.1 mol&nbsp; =&nbsp; 602 . 000 . 000 . 000 . 000 . 000 . 000 . 000&nbsp; =&nbsp; 6,02.1023 partículas.&nbsp;
MOL É A QUANTIDADE DE MATÉRIA QUE CONTÉM =&gt;&nbsp; 6,02.1023 PARTÍCULAS  
Assim, 1 mol de :Átomos de Hidrogênio = 6,02.1023 átomos de Hidrogênio.Moléculas de H2O = 6,02.1023 moléculas de H2O.
Massa molar (M)
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; É&nbsp; a massa, em gramas de um mol de partículas (átomos, moléculas, íons).A massa atômica (MA) e a massa molar (M) do elemento, são numericamente iguais. O mesmo acontece com a massa molecular (MM) e a massa molar (M) da molécula.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Exemplos:&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; I – Qual a massa molar de Al ? ( MA = 27u)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 1 mol de Al = 6,02.1023 átomos&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Massa molar de Al = 27g/mol.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; II – Qual a massa molar de H2SO4? ( MM = 98u)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 1 mol de H2SO4 = 6,02.1023 moléculas&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Massa molar de H2SO4 = 98g/mol.Número de mols (n)
Para calcularmos o número de mols que há em uma determinada amostra, basta dividirmos a massa da amostra pela massa molar da substância.Exemplos:1)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Calcular quantos mols de H2O, existem em 270g de amostra. Dados: H=1g/mol; O=16g/mol.MH2O = 2.1 + 1.16 = 18g/mol.



Logo, em 270 g de água (H2O), existem 15 mols.
2)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Determine quantas moléculas existem na amostra de 270g de H2O.1 mol = 18g = 6,02.1023 moléculas, logo:&nbsp;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Volume Molar (V)
É o volume ocupado por 1 mol de qualquer gás, nas CNTP (Condições Normais de Temperatura e Pressão), ocupa um volume de 22,4 Litros (L), temos temperatura 0°C e pressão atmosférica de 1 atm (uma atmosfera).Exemplo:Calcule quantos litros de gás carbônico existem em 8 mols do mesmo.

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CÁLCULO ESTEQUIMÉTRICO
O cálculo estequiométrico trata da determinação de quantidade, isto é, massa, quantidade de mols, volume, etc..&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Passos para efetuar os cálculos:
·&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Escrever a equação química·&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Balancear a equação·&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Relacionar os dados do problema com a incógnita
Os coeficientes das substâncias nas equações químicas são interpretados como sendo mols. Assim, pode-se relacionar cada substância que participa da reação com seu número de moléculas, mols, massa, ou com seu volume (caso a substância seja um gás).Exemplos:a)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 2&nbsp; C(s)&nbsp;&nbsp; +&nbsp;&nbsp; O2 (g)&nbsp; =======è&nbsp;&nbsp; 2&nbsp; CO2 (g)

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   UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Reference"/>   <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" SemiHidden="false"
   UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Reference"/>   <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" SemiHidden="false"
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 mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
 mso-fareast-language:EN-US;}
 <![endif]-->  a)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 2&nbsp; NaOH&nbsp; +&nbsp; H2SO4&nbsp; ==========è&nbsp; Na2SO4 &nbsp;+&nbsp; 2&nbsp; H2O

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 <![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]>   <![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]>                             <![endif]-->  EXECÍCIOS RESOLVIDOS1)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Na produção de monóxido de carbono a partir da reação do Carbono com o gás Oxigênio, qual o volume de óxido obtido nas CNTP se forem consumidos 90g de Carbono?
2&nbsp; C&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; +&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; O2&nbsp; ========&gt; &nbsp; 2&nbsp; CO
           Equação:&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;2&nbsp; .&nbsp; 12g&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;2&nbsp; . &nbsp;22,4 L&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 90g&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;x&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; x = 179,2 litros
                                     24 . x = 90 . 44,8&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 24 . x = 4032
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; x = 4032 / 24&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; x = 168 L
Resposta: x = 168 L de CO
2)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Quantos mols de ácido sulfúrico são necessários para reagirem completamente com 280g de hidróxido de sódio?

2&nbsp; NaOH&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; H2SO4&nbsp; ========&gt; &nbsp; H2SO4&nbsp; + 2&nbsp; H2O
      Equação:&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;2&nbsp; .&nbsp; 40g&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 1 mol &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 280g&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; x&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 80 . x = 280 . 1&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 80 . x = 280
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; x = 280 / 80&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; x = 3,5 mols
Resposta:&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; x = 3,5 mols de H2SO4
Reagente em excessoNuma reação química, nem sempre a quantidade de reagentes está presente em proporção estequiométrica, ou seja, na proporção exata para reagir totalmente. Isso pode ser verificado por meio de cálculos estequiométricos.Exemplo:3g de carbono são queimados na presença de 80g de Oxigênio. Determine a massa de CO2 formada e a quantidade de reagente em excesso.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; C &nbsp; +&nbsp;&nbsp; O2 ==&gt;CO2
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 <![endif]-->  Vamos verificar qual é a quantidade de O2 que reage com 3g de Carbono:
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Pela proporção em massa temos:

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   UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="No Spacing"/>   <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading"/>   <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List"/>   <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid"/>   <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1"/>   <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2"/>   <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1"/>   <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2"/>   <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1"/>   <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2"/>   <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3"/>   <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List"/>   <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading"/>   <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List"/>   <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid"/>   <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 1"/>   <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 1"/>   <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 1"/>   <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1"/>   <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1"/>   <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"/>      <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" SemiHidden="false"
   UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="List Paragraph"/>   <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" SemiHidden="false"
   UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Quote"/>   <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" SemiHidden="false"
   UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Quote"/>   <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 1"/>   <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1"/>   <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1"/>   <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1"/>   <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 1"/>   <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 1"/>   <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 1"/>   <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 1"/>   <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 2"/>   <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 2"/>   <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 2"/>   <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2"/>   <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2"/>   <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 2"/>   <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 2"/>   <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2"/>   <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2"/>   <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2"/>   <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 2"/>   <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 2"/>   <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 2"/>   <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 2"/>   <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 3"/>   <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 3"/>   <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 3"/>   <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3"/>   <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 3"/>   <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 3"/>   <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 3"/>   <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 3"/>   <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 3"/>   <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3"/>   <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 3"/>   <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 3"/>   <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 3"/>   <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 3"/>   <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 4"/>   <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 4"/>   <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 4"/>   <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4"/>   <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4"/>   <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 4"/>   <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 4"/>   <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 4"/>   <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 4"/>   <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4"/>   <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 4"/>   <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 4"/>   <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 4"/>   <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 4"/>   <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 5"/>   <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 5"/>   <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 5"/>   <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5"/>   <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5"/>   <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 5"/>   <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 5"/>   <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5"/>   <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5"/>   <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5"/>   <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 5"/>   <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 5"/>   <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 5"/>   <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"/>   <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/>   <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 6"/>   <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 6"/>   <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"/>   <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"/>   <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"/>   <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"/>   <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"/>   <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6"/>   <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"/>   <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 6"/>   <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"/>   <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/>   <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/>   <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" SemiHidden="false"
   UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Emphasis"/>   <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" SemiHidden="false"
   UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Emphasis"/>   <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" SemiHidden="false"
   UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Reference"/>   <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" SemiHidden="false"
   UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Reference"/>   <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" SemiHidden="false"
   UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/>         <![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 10]> 
 /* Style Definitions */
 table.MsoNormalTable
 {mso-style-name:"Tabela normal";
 mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;
 mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;
 mso-style-noshow:yes;
 mso-style-priority:99;
 mso-style-qformat:yes;
 mso-style-parent:"";
 mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;
 mso-para-margin-top:0cm;
 mso-para-margin-right:0cm;
 mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt;
 mso-para-margin-left:0cm;
 line-height:115%;
 mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
 font-size:11.0pt;
 font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
 mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
 mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
 mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;
 mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
 mso-fareast-language:EN-US;}
 <![endif]-->  Ou seja, 3g de C reagem com 8g de O2.Como temos 80g de O2, há excesso desse reagente:8og – 8g = 72g (excesso de O2).Sobrarão, portanto 72g de O2 sem reagir.
Vamos calcular a massa de CO2 produzida:



<!--[if gte mso 9]>           <![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]>     Normal   0         21         false   false   false      PT-BR   X-NONE   X-NONE                                                                                                     <![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]>  <w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" DefUnhideWhenUsed="true"
  DefSemiHidden="true" DefQFormat="false" DefPriority="99"
  LatentStyleCount="267">   <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="0" SemiHidden="false"
   UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Normal"/>   <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="false"
   UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="heading 1"/>                                                         <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="10" SemiHidden="false"
   UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Title"/>      <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="11" SemiHidden="false"
   UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtitle"/>   <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="22" SemiHidden="false"
   UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Strong"/>   <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="20" SemiHidden="false"
   UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Emphasis"/>   <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="59" SemiHidden="false"
   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Table Grid"/>      <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" SemiHidden="false"
   UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="No Spacing"/>   <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading"/>   <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List"/>   <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid"/>   <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1"/>   <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2"/>   <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1"/>   <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2"/>   <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1"/>   <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2"/>   <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3"/>   <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List"/>   <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading"/>   <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List"/>   <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid"/>   <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 1"/>   <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 1"/>   <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 1"/>   <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1"/>   <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1"/>   <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"/>      <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" SemiHidden="false"
   UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="List Paragraph"/>   <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" SemiHidden="false"
   UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Quote"/>   <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" SemiHidden="false"
   UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Quote"/>   <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 1"/>   <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1"/>   <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1"/>   <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1"/>   <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 1"/>   <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 1"/>   <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 1"/>   <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 1"/>   <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 2"/>   <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 2"/>   <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 2"/>   <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2"/>   <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2"/>   <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 2"/>   <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 2"/>   <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2"/>   <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2"/>   <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2"/>   <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 2"/>   <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 2"/>   <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 2"/>   <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 2"/>   <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 3"/>   <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 3"/>   <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 3"/>   <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3"/>   <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 3"/>   <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 3"/>   <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 3"/>   <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 3"/>   <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 3"/>   <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3"/>   <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 3"/>   <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 3"/>   <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 3"/>   <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 3"/>   <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 4"/>   <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 4"/>   <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 4"/>   <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4"/>   <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4"/>   <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 4"/>   <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 4"/>   <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 4"/>   <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 4"/>   <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4"/>   <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 4"/>   <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 4"/>   <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 4"/>   <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 4"/>   <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
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Resposta:&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Serão produzidos 11g de CO2.
Reagente impuroMuitas vezes, o reagente vem acompanhado por outras substâncias (impurezas) que não participam da reação.A quantidade de substância pura que pode ser obtida a cada 100g de amostra (substância bruta) indica a porcentagem de pureza ou o grau de pureza dessa substância.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Exemplo:São queimados 10g de carvão mineral com 90% de pureza.Determine a massa de Oxigênio (O2) necessária para essa queima.

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 <![endif]-->  Para haver uma queima completa, são necessários 32g de Oxigênio (O2) para cada 12 g de carvão (C), como o carvão apresenta 90% de pureza, em 10g tem-se 9g para queimar.

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 <![endif]-->  Resposta: Serão necessários 24g de O2
EXERCÍCIOS PROPOSTOS
1)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; A síntese (formação) da água que pode ser feita quando colocamos a reagir, em condições adequadas, os elementos Hidrogênio e Oxigênio têm a representação:
2&nbsp; H2 (g)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; +&nbsp;&nbsp; O2 (g)&nbsp; ==&gt; &nbsp; 2&nbsp; H2O (vapor)
Nas mesmas condições operacionais de temperatura e pressão, se utilizarmos 200 L de gás Hidrogênio (H2), o volume de gás Oxigênio (O2) necessário será:a)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 150 Lb)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 200 Lc)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 100 Ld)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 300 L
2)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; “Volume molar” corresponde ao volume ocupado por:a)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Um mol de um gás qualquer, em qualquer temperatura e pressão e tem o valor de 22,4 L.b)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Um mol de um gás qualquer, a 25°C/1 atm, e tem o valor de 22,4 L.c)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Um mol de um gás qualquer, a 0°C/1 atm, e tem o valor de 22,4 L.d)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Uma massa qualquer, de um gás qualquer, a 0°C/1 atm, e tem o valor de 22,4 L.
3)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; A combustão total (queima total) de 240g de carvão é representada por:
C (s)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; +&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; O2 (g)&nbsp;&nbsp; ====&gt; &nbsp; CO2 (g)
Sabendo-se que C = 12 g / mol e O = 16 g / mol, podemos afirmar que, nas CNTP, o volume de CO2 formado é de:a)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 44,8 Lb)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 448 Lc)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 22,4 Ld)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 224 L


4)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Os volumes ocupados por 20g de gás Hidrogênio (H2 = 2 g/mol) e por 64g de gás Oxigênio (O2 = 32 g/mol) nas CNTP são, respectivamente:a)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 224 L e 44,8 Lb)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 22,4 L e 44,8 Lc)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 224 L e 4,48 Ld)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 22,4 L e 22,4 L
5)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Uma aliança de ouro puro tem massa igual a 1,97g. Sabendo-se que Au = 197 g/mol e que o número de Avogadro vale 6,02 x 1023,&nbsp; o número de átomos de ouro que realmente existe nessa aliança é:a)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 6,02 x 1021b)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 6,02 x 1023c)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 6,02 x 1025d)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 0,01
6)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Num certo procedimento laboratorial, foram adequadamente aquecidos 24,5g de Clorato de Potássio (KClO3), que se decompõem segundo a equação química:
2 KClO3&nbsp;&nbsp; ====&gt; &nbsp; 2&nbsp; KCl&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; +&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 3 O2
As massas atmosféricas dos elementos químicos envolvidos são: K = 39 g/mol; Cl = 35,5 g/mol; O = 16 g/mol. Com essas informações, a massa máxima de gás Oxigênio que pode ser obtida é:a)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 96gb)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 48gc)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 9,6gd)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 4,8g
7)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; A mistura de duas soluções contendo, respectivamente, 248g de Ácido Carbônico (H2CO3) e 156g de Hidróxido de Alumínio, provocará uma reação que produzirá um sal cuja massa será igual a:
(Dados: H=1; C=12; O=16; Al=27)a)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 234gb)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 117gc)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 312gd)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 404ge)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 512g
8)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Certa massa de Nitrato de Cobre (Cu(NO3)2) foi calcinada em ambiente aberto até restar um resíduo com massa constante, que é sólido e preto. Formaram-se dois produtos gasosos, conforme a equação química:
2&nbsp; Cu(NO3)2) (s)&nbsp;&nbsp; ====&gt; &nbsp; 2&nbsp; CuO (s)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; +&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 4&nbsp; NO2 (g)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; +&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; O2 (g)
A massa de NO2 formada na reação de decomposição é igual a 18,4g. Qual é o valor que mais se aproxima da massa inicial do Nitrato de Cobre?
(Dados: N = 14; O = 16; Cu = 63,5)a)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 9,4gb)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 37,5gc)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 57,5gd)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 123ge)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 246g
9)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; A 24g de Magnésio são adicionados 20g de Oxigênio, produzindo Óxido de Magnésio e 4g de Oxigênio em excesso (todo o magnésio foi consumido). As massa de Magnésio e de Oxigênio, em gramas, que devem reagir entre si, para obterem-se 120g de Óxido de Magnésio, são respectivamente:a)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 84 e 36b)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 70 e 50c)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 75 e 45d)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 72 e 48
10)&nbsp; Ao aquecer 100g de Mercúrio na presença do ar, dentro de um recipiente fechado de vidro, obtém-se 54g de Óxido vermelho de Mercúrio, e ficam ainda sem reagir 5og de Mercúrio. A massa necessária para reagir com todo o Mercúrio inicial é:a)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 3gb)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 4gc)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;6gd)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 8g
11)&nbsp; 4g de Cálcio adicionados a 22g de Bromo fornecem 20g de Brometo de Cálcio ao lado de 6g de Bromo em excesso. Numa segunda experiência, 1,6g de Cálcio são adicionados a 4,8g de Bromo.A Alternativa que indica corretamente a natureza e a quantidade de reagente em excesso, se houver, na segunda experiência, é:a)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 0,4g de Cálciob)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; O,4g de Bromoc)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 0,8g de Bromod)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Não houve excesso de reagentes
12)&nbsp; Foi descoberta recentemente, em uma fruta brasileira, a sua riqueza em vitamina C. Ela chega a possuir 37g de vitamina C por quilograma da fruta. Sabe-se que a dose diária recomendada dessa vitamina (C6H8O6) é de 62mg.Se comermos diariamente cerca de 200g desta fruta, o número de mols da vitamina C que estaremos ingerindo a mais do que o recomendado será de, aproximadamente:
(Dados: H = 1; C = 12; O = 16)a)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 4,14 x 10 -2b)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 4,17 x 10 -2c)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 4,20 x 10 -2d)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 4,23 x 10 -2e)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 4,26 x 10 -213)&nbsp; A Amônia, que é utilizada na síntese de inúmeros e importantes compostos, é obtida pela seguinte reação em fase gasosa:N2&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; +&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 3&nbsp; H2&nbsp;&nbsp; ====&gt; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 2&nbsp; NH3Fazendo-se reagir 4 litros de N2 com 9 litros de H2 em condições de pressão e temperatura constantes, pode-se afirmar que:&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; I – Após o final da reação, serão formados 6 litros de NH3.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; II – Após o final da reação, os reagentes serão totalmente convertidos em amônia.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; III – O volume final é maior que o inicial.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; IV – Os reagentes não estão em quantidades estequiométricas.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Estão corretas apenas as afirmativas:a)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; I e IIb)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; I e IIIc)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; I e IVd)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; II e IIIe)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; II e IV
14)&nbsp; Uma pessoa mediu a massa das folhas de um formulário, antes e depois de preenchê-lo a lápis, tendo encontrado as massas 3,9928g e 4,0000g, respectivamente,. Considerando-se que não haja perdas, o grafitede seu lápis perdeu a seguinte quantidade de átomos&gt;
(Dados: 6C12; nº de Avogadro = 6.02 x 1023)a)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 3,6 x 1020b)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 1027c)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 3,6 x 1027d)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 5,0 x 1026e)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 7,2 x 1020
15)&nbsp; Ao se misturar 147g de Ácido Sulfúrico com 156g de Hidróxido de Alumínio, ocorre uma reação que produz, respectivamente, as seguintes massas de Sulfato de Alumínio e de água:(Dados: 1H1; 8O16; 13Al27 e 16S32)a)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 78g e 108gb)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 103g e 93gc)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 171g e 54gd)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 210g e 93ge)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 342g e 108g
16)&nbsp; O Alumínio é obtido pela eletrólise da Bauxita. Nessa eletrólise, ocorre a formação de Oxigênio que reage com os eletrodos de Carbono utilizados no processo. A equação não balanceada que representa o processo global é:Al2O3&nbsp;&nbsp; +&nbsp;&nbsp; C&nbsp;&nbsp; ====&gt;&nbsp; CO2&nbsp;&nbsp; +&nbsp;&nbsp; Al&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Para dois mols de Al2O3, quantos mols de CO2&nbsp; e Al, respectivamente, são produzidos nesse processo?a)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 3 e 2b)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 1 e 4c)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 2 e 3d)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 2 e 1e)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 3 e 417)&nbsp; A produção de Carboidratos (fórmula mínima CH2O), pelas plantas verdes, obedece à equação geral da fotossíntese:&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; CO2&nbsp;&nbsp; +&nbsp;&nbsp; H2O&nbsp;&nbsp; ====&gt; &nbsp; CH2O&nbsp;&nbsp; +&nbsp;&nbsp; O2
Quantos litros de gás Carbônico, medidos nas CNTP, serão necessários para produzir 10g de Carboidrato:a)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 0,33b)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 7,5c)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 22d)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 44e)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 75
18)&nbsp; Na queima de fogos de artifício, o Fósforo reage com o Oxigênio do ar de forma espetacular, formando o P4O10. Para formar 3 mols deste óxido, quantos mols de O2 são necessários?a)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 3b)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 6c)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 12d)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 15e)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 30
19)&nbsp; Uma das maneira de impedir que o SO2, um dos responsáveis pela “chuva ácida”, seja liberado para a atmosfera, é tratá-lo previamente com Óxido de Magnésio, em presença de ar, como equacionado a seguir:
MgO&nbsp;&nbsp; +&nbsp;&nbsp; SO2&nbsp;&nbsp; +&nbsp;&nbsp; ½ O2=====&gt; &nbsp; MgSO4
Quantas toneladas de Óxido de Magnésio são consumidos no tratamento de 9,6 . 103 toneladas de SO2?&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;(Massas Molares: SO2 = 64 g / mol; MgO = 40 g / mol)a)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 1,5 . 102b)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 3,0 . 102c)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 1,0 . 103d)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 6,0 . 103e)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 2,5 . 104
20)&nbsp; Uma das reações que pode ocorrer entre Fe2O3 e CO é representada pela equação:
Fe2O3&nbsp;&nbsp; +&nbsp;&nbsp; 3&nbsp; CO&nbsp;&nbsp; ======&gt; &nbsp; 2&nbsp; Fe&nbsp;&nbsp; +&nbsp;&nbsp; 3&nbsp; CO2&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; A massa de CO consumida na obtenção de 37 g de Fe será, aproximadamente , igual a:
(Dados: C = 12; O = 16; Fe = 56)a)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 28gb)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 42gc)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 56gd)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 70ge)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 84g
21)&nbsp; Cromo metálico pode ser produzido pela redução de Cr2O3 com Al segundo a equação:
2&nbsp; Al&nbsp;&nbsp; +&nbsp;&nbsp; Cr2O3&nbsp;&nbsp; ======&gt; &nbsp; Al2O3&nbsp;&nbsp; +&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 2&nbsp; Cr
Supondo que a reação esteja completa, a massa de Cromo produzida pela reação de 54 kg de Al com 20 kg de Cr2O3 é:(Dados: Cr = 52; Al = 27; O = 16)a)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 4,8 kgb)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 5,2 kgc)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 10,4 kgd)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 13,7 kge)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 15,2 kg
22)&nbsp; Considere a reação em fase gasosa:&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; N2&nbsp;&nbsp; +&nbsp;&nbsp; 3&nbsp; H2&nbsp; &nbsp;=====&gt; &nbsp; 2&nbsp; NH3 Fazendo-se reagir 4 litros de N2 com 9 litros de H2 em condições de pressão e temperatura constantes, podes-se afirmar que:a)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Os reagentes estão em quantidades estequiométricas.b)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; O N2 está em excesso.c)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Após o término da reação, os componentes serão totalmente convertidos em Amônia.d)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; A reação se processa com aumento do volume total.e)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Após o término da reação, serão formados 8 litros de NH3.
23)&nbsp; São postos a reagir 63,0 g de Cu com 63,0 g de HNO3, segundo a equação balanceada:
3&nbsp; Cu&nbsp;&nbsp; +&nbsp;&nbsp; 8&nbsp; HNO3&nbsp;&nbsp; =====&gt; &nbsp; 3&nbsp; Cu(NO3)2&nbsp;&nbsp; +&nbsp;&nbsp; 2&nbsp; NO&nbsp;&nbsp; +&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 4&nbsp; H2O 
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Pode-se estequiometricamente concluir que há:
(Dados: Cu = 63 g / mol; HNO3 = 63 g / mol)
a)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Excesso de 0,5g de Cu.b)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Consumo integral dos reagentes.c)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Formação de 18g de H2O.d)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Formação de 7,5g de NO.e)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; n.d.a.
24)&nbsp; Uma amostra de 10g de calcário contém 8g de Carbonato de Cálcio. A porcentagem de pureza do Carbonato de Cálcio é:a)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 0,8%b)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 10%c)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 8%d)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 80%e)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 20%


25)&nbsp; No processo&nbsp; CaCO3 (s)&nbsp;&nbsp; ===&gt; &nbsp; CaO (s)&nbsp;&nbsp; +&nbsp;&nbsp; CO (g), obteve-se 89,6 litros de CO2 nas CNTP, a partir de Carbonato de Cálcio com 80% de pureza. Nestas condições, a massa do Carbonato de Cálcio utilizado foi:(Dados: Ca = 40; C = 12; O = 16) &nbsp;a)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 100gb)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 400gc)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 320gd)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 500ge)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 700g
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