DISCURSO DO MÉTODO - RENÉ DESCARTES
Autor: Adriane Gonçalves | Publicado: 2013-02-16T20:13:00-08:00

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&nbsp;RELATÓRIO DE LEITURA/RESUMO



DESCARTES,
R. Discurso do Método. Lisboa:
Edições 70, 1970

DESCARTES,
R. Discurso do Método. Os pensadores.
São Paulo: Abril Cultural, 1999.

_____________.
Meditações. Os pensadores. São Paulo:
Abril Cultural, 1999.

Adriane Gonçalves

Mestranda do PPGCEM-UFPA 



Inexiste no mundo coisa mais
bem distribuída que o bom senso (razão), visto que cada indivíduo acredita ser
tão bem provido dele que mesmo os mais difíceis de satisfazer em qualquer outro
aspecto não costumam desejar possuí-lo mais do que já possuem.&nbsp; A diversidade de nossas opiniões não se
origina do fato de serem alguns mais racionais que outros, mas apenas de
conduzirmos nossos pensamentos por caminhos diferentes e não considerarmos as
mesmas coisas. Assim, o filósofo francês Descartes introduz o leitor ao texto.

Instruído nas letras desde a
infância em uma das mais célebres escolas da Europa, onde imaginava haver
homens sábios, ao ingressar na classe dos eruditos encontrava-se embaraçado com
tantas dúvidas e erros, descobrindo cada vez mais sua ignorância. Aprendera
tudo o que os outros aprendiam, lera muito a respeito das ciências que os
ensinavam e não deixava de apreciar os exercícios da escola.

Deleitava-se principalmente
com as matemáticas, devido a certeza e à evidência de suas razões. Assim,
orientando-se pelo rigor que a matemática lhe fornecia, formula método, que
permitisse orientar a razão de forma a atingir o conhecimento verdadeiro.

&nbsp;Após dedicar-se por anos em estudar no livro
do mundo, e em procurar adquirir alguma experiência, Descartes toma a decisão
de estudar a si próprio e de empregar todas suas forças na escolha dos caminhos
(métodos) que iria seguir. Decidiu ir lentamente, e usar de ponderação em todas
as coisas. Ao perceber que a lógica e a álgebra e análise dos geômetras não
poderiam contribuir com seu propósito, considera ser necessário buscar outro
método que, contendo as vantagens desses três, estivesse desembaraçado de seus
defeitos.

Para o filósofo seriam
suficientes quatro preceitos ou regras;

O primeiro era o de nunca
aceitar coisa alguma por verdadeira que não fosse conhecida claramente como
tal, ou seja, evitando a precipitação (formulações apressadas) e a prevenção
(explicações dadas como certas desde a sua infância- os hábitos). O segundo, o
de dividir cada uma das dificuldades, examinando em parcelas, quantas fossem
possíveis e necessárias, a fim de melhor solucioná-las. O terceiro, o de
conduzir por ordem os pensamentos, iniciando pelos objetos mais simples (intuição)
e mais fáceis de conhecer, como galgando degraus, até o conhecimento dos mais
compostos (dedução). E o último, fazer enumerações tão completas e revisões
gerais que estivesse seguro de nada omitir.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;


Descartes dedica-se à busca
da verdade. Onde está a verdade? Existe um conhecimento verdadeiro? Ao
considerar que tudo é passível de dúvida, porque os sentidos podem enganar,
chega a primeira verdade: “ser que pensa” ou substância pensante. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;