RIO AMAZONAS
Autor: Nadson Silva Oliveira | Publicado: 2013-01-10T11:15:00-08:00



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ICTIO_FAUNA



A água do Rio
Amazonas é de fundamental importância para um dos maiores habitat de vida
aquática do mundo.&nbsp; Nos principais
afluentes, Juruá, Negro, Madeira, Purus, Trombetas, Tapajós e Xingu, deságuam
centenas de tributários que são abastecidos por chuvas diárias, através de
cursos d´agua e canais fluviais, formando o maior rio do mundo em vazão e agora
em extensão.




Esse rio nasce nas
cordilheiras dos Andes no Peru, com o nome de Vilcanota e quando adentra na
Amazônia brasileira, recebe o nome de Solimões, até o encontro com o rio Negro,
na cidade de Manaus. Daí para baixo recebe o nome de Amazonas. Percorrem cerca
de 7.000 km para formar o estuário mais rico em nutrientes do Brasil.




&nbsp;Basta um lance de uma pequena tarrafa ou rede
malhadeira, para nos dar uma idéia da abundância de peixes que ainda existe
nesse rio. Há mais de 2.000 espécies conhecidas e acredita-se que existam mais
de mil a serem descobertas, nesse grande mar de água doce.




&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; A ictiofauna
adaptou-se a diferentes partes desse rio. Os grandes bagres: dourada, surubim,
caparari, Piramutaba, Pirarara e Piraíba, por exemplo, preferem viver próximo
ao fundo. Tem o ventre achatado para que possa deslizar nos leitos dos rios à
procura de alimentos. O elegante Aruanã possui o corpo que facilita seus
movimentos e pulos, para alcançar a preza. O espetacular e saboroso tambaqui
prefere as várzeas (florestas inundadas), onde encontra seu principal alimento,
os frutos / sementes.&nbsp; As temíveis piranhas
nadam em grandes cardumes a procura de alimentos e quando encontram, destroem a
preza em poucos minutos, através de terríveis ataques.&nbsp; 




Os recursos
pesqueiros existentes nesse paraíso chamado Amazônia encontram-se ameaçados
pelos manejos incorretos, provocados pela a ação predatória do homem. Suas riquezas de biodiversidade vêm sendo colocadas em
risco pela ausência de conhecimento. Nesta região estão incluídas áreas de
extrema importância para a manutenção da vida aquática do norte do País, as
matas de várzea, o litoral atlântico do Estado do Amapá, o golfão amazônico, a
baia do Marajó e a costa atlântica do Estado do Pará, pois, são espaços
responsáveis pela reprodução e alimentação da maioria das espécies de peixes de
água doce, salobra e salgada. 









Após os estudos coordenados pelo Instituto Geográfico
Nacional do Peru (IGN) com participação do IBGE (Instituto Brasileiro de
Geografia e Estatística), foi possível concluir que a nascente do Rio Amazonas fica na região
do nevado Mismi, uma montanha ao sul do Peru, e não no monte Huagra, mais ao
norte daquele país, como os geógrafos pensavam na década de 1960.














Texto: Nadson Silva Oliveira (direito reservado/resumo do texto original)
Imagem: Google