Uma batalha decisiva
Autor: Juneldo Moraes | Publicado: 2013-05-30T19:02:00-03:00

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Pouco conhecida na atualidade, a Batalha
de Varsóvia, que ocorreu após a Primeira Guerra Mundial, foi uma das mais
importantes do Século XX, e poderia ter mudado os rumos da história. Esse
evento – comparado em impoortânc ia a Waterloo – é reconstuído com detalhes no
livro Varsóvia 1920 – A Derrota de Lênin (208 páginas, R$
34,90), de Adam Zamoyski, com tradução de Roberto Alexandre Gray.



Em 1920, quando a o novo estado Soviético,
desmembrado, dividido por disputas políticas internas e enfrentando uma guerra
civil, buscava a qualquer custo a sobrevivência do regime comunista, vislumbrou
como saída a expansão da Revolução Bolchevique, fazendo com que chegasse até a Alemanha,
arruinada economicamente após o conflito mundial, e de lá se espalhasse por
outros países da Europa ocidental.



Os soviéticos – então sob à
liderança de Lenin – não acreditavam que a Polônia, que acabara de recuperar
sua independência depois de mais de cem anos de opressão, portanto vulnerável,
pudesse ser um empecilho para suas tropas. O líder comunista estaca certo de
que o governo da Polônia, assim como qualquer governo burguês, não teria
condições de "resistir à força do bolchevismo", conforme assinala o
autor.





Não contavam, entretanto, com a
tenacidade dos poloneses. Em uma batalha travada às portas de Varsóvia, o
exército local, liderado por Józef Pilsudski, reagrupou-se e conseguiu vencer o
poderio militar comunista. O episódio, conhecido como “milagre do Vístula”,
assegurou quase duas décadas de paz na Europa, que anos depois voltaria a
enfrentar os horrores de uma guerra.



O historiador norte-americano se
vale de fontes preciosas e mostra que, devido à situação da Polônia na época,
onde milhares de pessoas haviam morrido do fome, e milhões ainda passavam
necessidades, o país dependia muito dos seus aliados ocidentais, tanto para
aquisição de mantimentos, quanto para balas de metralhadoras. O problema é que
esses aliados não podiam dar auxilio militar, caso isso fosse solicitado.




Em
Varsóvia 1920, Zamoyski deixa claro
que a França e a Inglaterra agiram de forma dúbia. Publicamente, os representes
dos dois países, George Clemenceau e Lloyd George, adotaram discursos
pacifistas, enquanto outros membros do governo britântico e do Estado-Maior
francês, enviavam mensagens belicosas. Isto, segindo o autor, é mais explícito
quando Alexandre Millerand se tornou primeiro-ministro da França