SÍNTESE (IN)CONCLUSIVAS SOBRE BECCARIA
Autor: Alexandre Gazetta Simões | Publicado: 2017-04-10T00:31:00-03:00









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Da pena: o objetivo da
pena não é outro senão evitar que os criminosos causem mais danos à sociedade e
impedir que outros venham a cometer o mesmo delito. Assim, as penas devem ser
escolhidas de modo a causar a mais forte impressão na mente do criminoso, mas o
mínimo de tormento para o seu corpo.

Das testemunhas: a
credibilidade da testemunha se dá em relação ao seu interesse de ocultar ou de
declarar a verdade. Assim, é importante ter a percepção que quanto maior a
improbabilidade do crime, menor deverá ser a credibilidade da testemunha.

Da força: o sentido da
autoridade punir um cidadão, de quem não se provou a culpa de um crime, é
simplesmente a força. Uma vez que todo homem de quem não foi provado a culpa, é
inocente perante a lei. É um falso teste de verdade confiar na força.

Do maior número de
inocentes que culpados: se existir um número superior de pessoas, que por
virtude ou por medo, respeitam a lei, o risco de se torturar um inocente é
muito grande.

A certeza de ser
condenado: a (aplicação) invariável da pena deve ser a celebração da certeza de
que não há esperança de impunidade para aqueles que comentem crimes.

Da tortura no
interrogatório: a dor não pode servir como elemento depurativo da infâmia. Assim,
o interrogatório com tortura faz desaparecer as mínimas diferenças na
fisionomia dos que mentem e dos que falam a verdade.

Desvantagem a mais: a
confissão sob tortura somente pode ter validade se for confirmada
posteriormente em um julgamento e não sob a ameaça de nova tortura. Sob o mesmo
raciocínio, o uso da tortura para identificar o cúmplice de um crime é ainda
mais imprestável, na medida em que esta não se presta nem ao menos para
identificar o criminoso de per si. 

Punição imediata:
quanto mais imediata for a punição de um crime cometido, tanto melhor ela será.


Prisão antes da
condenação: o confinamento não deve ser maior que o necessário, se prestando,
tão somente, para evitar a fuga ou impedir a dissimulação das provas do crime.



REFERÊNCIAS



BECCARIA, Cessare. Dos Delitos e das Penas. São Paulo: Hunter Books, 2012.