Antes de 1988 homem também tem direito à pensão.
Autor: Alexandre Amui | Publicado: 2012-05-04T11:25:00-03:00

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A Turma Nacional de Uniformização
dos Juizados Especiais Federais (TNU) modificou seu entendimento
anterior e aplicou o princípio constitucional da isonomia entre homens e
mulheres para efeito de pensão por morte. No caso, o INSS
pretendia modificar acórdão que reconheceu a um viúvo, não inválido, o direito
à pensão pela morte da esposa em 27 de dezembro de 1989, isto é, após a
promulgação da Constituição, mas antes do advento da Lei 8213/91, que dispõe
sobre os Planos de Benefícios da Previdência Social.

A juíza federal Simone Lemos Fernandes, relatora
do incidente, lembrou em seu voto que a TNU chegou a pacificar o entendimento
de que somente o viúvo inválido faria jus à pensão por morte de esposa morta
antes da Lei 8.213/91, ainda que o óbito tenha ocorrido após a Constituição de
1988. Entretanto, neste julgamento, ela trouxe à discussão diferente
posicionamento do Supremo Tribunal Federal. “Óbitos de segurados ocorridos
entre o advento da Constituição de 1988 e a Lei 8.213/91 regem-se, direta e
imediatamente, pelo disposto no artigo 201, inciso V, da Constituição Federal,
que, sem recepcionar a parte discriminatória da legislação anterior, equiparou
homens e mulheres para efeito de pensão por morte”.

Seguindo essa linha de raciocínio, a magistrada
entendeu que os dispositivos normativos vigentes quando a Constituição Federal
de 1988 foi promulgada, e que conflitavam com os princípios trazidos pelo texto
constitucional, não foram recepcionados. Incluindo, nesse caso, o decreto
83.080/79, que é a legislação aplicável à situação jurídica debatida no
processo e que condicionava a fruição do benefício à invalidez do marido (art.
12, I).

Dessa forma, a TNU negou provimento ao pedido do
INSS, com base no voto da relatora, no qual ela destacou que, mesmo estando em
vigor legislação que exigia a invalidez do marido como condição para o
pensionamento, não se pode esquecer que uma nova ordem constitucional já havia
sido implantada, com recepção, apenas, dos instrumentos normativos que com ela
se compatibilizavam.

“Trata-se de restrição inconstitucional, já que
igual condicionante não existia para o cônjuge feminino. A garantia de
igualdade de direitos entre homens e mulheres impediu a recepção da expressão
‘inválido’ constante na legislação de regência, em virtude de sua autoaplicabilidade”,
concluiu a juíza. Com informações da assessoria de imprensa do Conselho da
Justiça Federal.

Processo 0502829-43.2011.4.05.8500