CURA DA SURDEZ CÉLULAS-TRONCO
Autor: ASSOCIAÇÃO DOS SURDOS DE BENTO GONÇALVES | Publicado: 2011-02-14T16:07:00-08:00

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SURDEZ E CEGUEIRA CURADAS COM CÉLULAS-TRONCO
A&nbsp;cura da cegueira&nbsp;tornou-se realidade, ao menos para girinos. E a&nbsp;cura da surdez&nbsp;em porquinhos da índia também foi alcançada. Esses avanços não seriam possíveis sem as células tronco, anunciaram pesquisadores, em descobertas que poderão ajudar também os humanos.Uma equipe de cientistas reparou audição em porquinhos da índia usando células-tronco humanas retiradas da medula óssea e outro grupo conseguiu fazer nascer olhos funcionais em girinos usando células de sapos.Apesar destas descobertas não terem aplicações diretas em humanos elas mostram o potencial da medicina regenerativa nos processos biológicos mais básicos no desenvolvimento da audição e da visão.Segundo os pesquisadores estas descobertas mostram o extraordinário potencial das células-tronco no tratamento de uma série de doenças, desde as fatais até as debilitantes, que afetam milhões de pessoas pelo mundo.Pesquisadores da Universidade Nacional de Chonnam, na Coréia do Sul, usaram células-tronco mesênquimas, da medula óssea de humana, para restaurar a audição — que havia sido destruída quimicamente — em porquinhos da índia.Em laboratório, eles criaram tecido nervoso à partir das células-tronco. Em seguida as transplantaram para os ouvidos internos dos animais. Três meses depois os animais já tinham alguma audição.O objetivo era regenerar minúsculos pelos dentro dos ouvidos que são essenciais para a audição dos mamíferos. No entanto os cientistas não podem afirmar com certeza se a produção dos novos pelos, que não se regeneram sozinhos, ocorreu por causa das células-tronco.A equipe quer realizar experimentos em humanos, pois a maioria dos problemas de audição são causados pela destruição destes pelos&nbsp;por causa de sons altos, ataque auto-imune,&nbsp;medicamentos tóxicos, ou idade avançada.Outro estudo da Universidade de Medicina SUNY, nos EUA, conseguiu fazer crescerem olhos funcionais em embriões de sapos usando células-tronco.A equipe conseguiu manipular sete fatores genéticos para diferenciar as células-tronco em olhos nos girinos, para que os animais pudessem enxergar.Ainda não existe aplicação imediata para humanos, mas criar diferentes tipos de células é o objetivo da medicina regenerativa, segundo os pesquisadores.