E o exército dos EUA chegará à Amazônia?
Autor: Ação Franciscana de Ecologia e Solidariedade | Publicado: 2017-06-25T12:21:00-03:00

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Raul Zibechi*
Pela primeira vez na história, tropas dos Estados
Unidos participam de um exercício militar no coração da Amazônia. Trata-se do
AmazonLog, que acontecerá entre 6 e 13 de novembro no município brasileiro de
Tabatinga, situado na margem esquerda do rio Solimões, na tríplice fronteira
entre Peru, Brasil e Colômbia. Os exercícios militares não têm precedentes na
América Latina. A proposta tem como referência a operação da OTAN realizada na
Hungria em 2015, que empenhou 1.700 militares numa simulação de apoio logístico.
Os objetivos são controle da imigração ilegal, assistência humanitária em
grandes eventos, operações de paz em regiões remotas, ações contra o tráfico de
drogas e os chamados “delitos ambientais”.

“O lugar escolhido foi Tabatinga porque queremos mostrar ao mundo as
dificuldades da nossa Amazônia”, disse o general do Exército do Brasil,
Guilherme Cals Theophilo. O que ele não disse foi que mostrarão também os
segredos mais bem guardados da região considerada pulmão do planeta, a mais
rica em água e biodiversidade. Acrescentou que este é o momento para ensinar
como as florestas tropicais são úteis para um “debate científico e tecnológico”
relacionado à paz e à guerra.

Foram convidadas as forças armadas da Colômbia, Argentina, Bolívia, Peru,
Equador, Chile, Uruguai, Estados Unidos, Panamá e Canadá. Foram também
convidados o Conselho de Defesa Sul-Americano (CDS), pertencente à Unasul,
assim como a Junta Interamericana de Defesa, que orbita em torno do Pentágono.

A realização desses exercícios supõe três mudanças importantes, duas das quais
afetam diretamente o Brasil e a terceira diz respeito a toda a região.
A primeira é que o Brasil era, até agora, muito cuidadoso na proteção da
Amazônia. Diz uma mensagem que circula entre militares: “convidar as Forças
Armadas dos EUA para fazer exercícios conjuntos com nossas Forças Armadas, na
Amazônia, é como um crime de lesa pátria. Ensinar ao inimigo como combatemos na
selva amazônica é alta traição”, divulgou o jornal Zero Hora.

Nelson Düring, diretor de uma página militar, ressalta que os exercícios são
“um retrocesso que confunde a inserção brasileira nos assuntos internacionais”.
O especialista em questões militares recorda que “até aqui não eram aceitos
militares estrangeiros no Centro de Instrução de Guerra na Selva (CIGS). Agora
já temos norte-americanos, europeus e até chineses”. Conclui em sintonia com as
vozes críticas: “o Brasil deve preservar seus segredos”. Os setores
nacionalistas das Forças Armadas temem que a base multinacional temporária que
se estabelecerá em Tabatinga possa converter-se em permanente, como aconteceu
na Hungria em 2015.

Em segundo lugar, o AmazonLog 2017 reflete uma inflexão nas relações militares
entre Washington e Brasília. Um acordo militar foi firmado entre os dois países
em 1952, assinado pelos presidentes Harry Truman e Getúlio Vargas, para a troca
de armamentos por minerais estratégicos, como o urânio. Era um momento de
fortes pressões dos EUA para impedir que o Brasil desenvolvesse sua própria
tecnologia nuclear.

Em 11 de março de 1977, o presidente militar Ernesto Geisel denunciou o
tratado, uma vez que o governo Jimmy Carter interferiu nos assuntos internos
com o argumento de defender os direitos humanos. Em 1989 essa distância
aumentou. João Roberto Martins Filho, ex-presidente da Associação Brasileira de
Estudos de Defesa, afirmou que “desde o fim da guerra fria o Brasil separou-se
dos EUA, que de aliado estratégico passou de repente a atuar como superpotência
única. Isso provocou uma reação de hiperdefesa da Amazônia”.

Com a chegada de Donald Trump e de Michel Temer à presidência dos EUA e do
Brasil, as relações estão mudando. Os exercícios conjuntos de novembro são
apenas a parte mais visível da aproximação na área de defesa. Em março, o chefe
do Comando Sul, Clarence K. K. Chinn, foi condecorado em Brasília com a Medalha
do Mérito Militar e visitou as instalações do Comando Militar da Amazônia, onde
serão realizados os exercícios do AmazonLog.

A Embraer, principal empresa brasileira de defesa, firmou em abril um acordo
com a estadunidense Rockwell Collins na área aeroespacial, e o Comando de
Engenharia, Desenvolvimento e Pesquisa do Exército dos EUA abriu um escritório
em São Paulo para aprofundar as relações de pesquisa e inovação em tecnologias
de defesa. No dia 3 de abril o ministério da Defesa do Brasil anunciou que está
desenvolvendo um “projeto de defesa” conjunto com os EUA, conforme informação
da CNN.

Finalmente, registra-se um retrocesso no processo de integração regional. No
marco da Unasul, espaço sul-americano em que os EUA não participam, foi criado
em 2008 o Conselho de Defesa Sul-Americano (CDS) com o objetivo de consolidar
uma zona de paz sul-americana, construir uma visão comum em matéria de defesa e
articular posições regionais em fóruns multilaterais.

O CDS apontava para a autonomia regional em matéria de defesa. Consolidava a
ruptura com o Tratado Interamericano de Assistência Recíproca (TIAR), de 1947,
que refletia a dominação dos EUA sobre o continente. O TIAR deslegitimou-se
durante a guerra das Malvinas (1982), já que os EUA apoiaram a Inglaterra. Com
os anos, vários países saíram do TIAR: Peru, México, Bolívia, Cuba, Venezuela,
Nicarágua e Equador.

Agora o novo governo do Brasil convida para os exercícios do AmazonLog tanto o
CDS como a Junta Interamericana de Defesa, que pertence à OEA. Desse modo,
legitimam-se os espaços em que o Pentágono participa e diluem-se os espaços
próprios da região sul-americana. Um jogo nada sutil em momentos críticos, nos
quais a região precisa estabelecer distância de Washington e afirmar sua
identidade.







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  0
  
  
  
  
  false
  false
  false
  
  PT-BR
  JA
  X-NONE
  
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
  
  
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
  
<![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]>
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<![endif]-->

<!--
 /* Font Definitions */
@font-face
 {font-family:"ＭＳ 明朝";
 mso-font-charset:78;
 mso-generic-font-family:auto;
 mso-font-pitch:variable;
 mso-font-signature:1 134676480 16 0 131072 0;}
@font-face
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 mso-font-pitch:variable;
 mso-font-signature:3 0 0 0 1 0;}
@font-face
 {font-family:Cambria;
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 mso-font-charset:0;
 mso-generic-font-family:auto;
 mso-font-pitch:variable;
 mso-font-signature:-536870145 1073743103 0 0 415 0;}
 /* Style Definitions */
p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal
 {mso-style-unhide:no;
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a:link, span.MsoHyperlink
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div.WordSection1
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<!--[if gte mso 10]>

 /* Style Definitions */
table.MsoNormalTable
 {mso-style-name:"Table Normal";
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 mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;
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<![endif]-->



<!--StartFragment-->



<!--EndFragment-->



*Raul Zibechi é jornalista e cientista político uruguaio.

Traduzido por Inês Castilho, do&nbsp;Outras Palavras.

Raul Zibechi é jornalista e cientista político uruguaio.Traduzido por Inês Castilho, do&nbsp;Outras Palavras.

Raul Zibechi é jornalista e cientista político uruguaio.Traduzido por Inês Castilho, do&nbsp;Outras Palavras.


FONTE: Correio da Cidadania