Regiões do Brasil
Autor: Fabiana Lisboa, Fabiana Lima, Patricia Araujo e Valéria Piedade | Publicado: 2012-06-01T10:55:00-07:00


Regiões do Brasil



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Região Norte

  
  
A maior
  parte da região apresenta clima equatorial. Caracteriza-se pelo clima quente,
  com temperaturas médias anuais variando entre 24º e 26 ºC. Na foz do rio
  Amazonas, no litoral do Pará e no setor ocidental da região, o total
  pluviométrico anual geralmente excede os 3.000 mm. De Roraima até o leste do
  Pará as chuvas ocorrem com menor freqüência, ficando em torno de 1.500 a
  1.700 mm anuais. O período chuvoso da região ocorre nos meses de
  verão/outono, com exceção de Roraima e parte do Amazonas, onde as chuvas
  ocorrem mais no inverno.

 








Região Nordeste

 

  
  

   
   
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
   
   
   
  
   
  

  
  
É uma
  região de caracterização climática complexa. O clima equatorial úmido está
  presente em uma pequena parte do estado do Maranhão, na divisa com o Pará; o
  clima litorâneo úmido ocorre no litoral da Bahia ao do Rio Grande do Norte; o
  clima tropical está presente nos estados da Bahia, Ceará, Maranhão e Piauí; e
  o clima tropical semi-árido ocorre em todo o sertão nordestino. Quanto ao
  regime térmico, na região nordeste as temperaturas são elevadas, com médias
  anuais entre 20º e 28 ºC, sendo que já foram registradas máximas em torno de
  40 ºC no Piauí e no sul do Maranhão. Os meses de inverno apresentam mínimas
  entre 12º e 16 ºC no litoral, e inferiores nos planaltos, sendo que já foi
  registrado 1 ºC na Chapada da Diamantina. As chuvas são fonte de preocupação
  na região, variando de 2.000 mm até valores inferiores a 500 mm anuais. A
  precipitação média anual é inferior a 1.000 mm. Além disso, no sertão
  nordestino o período chuvoso normalmente dura apenas dois meses no ano,
  podendo eventualmente até não existir, causando as secas.





 


Região Centro-Oeste 

 

  
  

   
  

  
  
O clima
  da região é tropical semi-umido, com frequentes chuvas de verão. Nos extremos
  norte e sul da região, a temperatura média anual é de 22 ºC e nas chapadas varia
  de 20º a 22 ºC. Na primavera/verão, são comuns temperaturas elevadas, sendo
  que a média do mês mais quente varia de 24º a 26 ºC. A média das máximas do
  mês mais quente oscila entre 30º e 36 ºC. No inverno, em virtude da invasão
  polar, é comum a ocorrência de temperaturas mais baixas. No mês mais frio, a
  temperatura média oscila entre 15º e 24ºC, enquanto a média das mínimas fica
  entre 8º a 18ºC. A pluviosidade média é de 2.000 a 3.000 mm anuais ao norte
  de Mato Grosso, enquanto no Pantanal mato-grossense é de 1.250 mm. Apesar
  disso, a região centro-oeste é bem provida de chuvas, sendo que mais de 70%
  do total de chuvas ocorrem de novembro a março, o que torna o inverno
  bastante seco.





 


Região Sudeste 

 

  
  

   
  

  
  
Nesta
  região, as características climáticas mais fortes são de clima tropical. No
  litoral, predomina o clima tropical atlântico e, nos planaltos, o tropical de
  altitude, com geadas ocasionais. Existe ainda uma grande diversificação no
  que diz respeito à temperatura. No limite de São Paulo e Paraná, a
  temperatura média anual situa-se entre 20 ºC, enquanto ao norte de Minas
  Gerais a média é 24 ºC, e nas áreas mais elevadas das serras do Espinhaço,
  Mantiqueira e do Mar, a média pode ser inferior a 18 ºC, devido ao efeito
  conjugado da latitude com a freqüência das correntes polares. No verão, são
  comuns médias das máximas de 30 a 32 ºC. No inverno, a média das temperaturas
  mínimas varia de 6º a 20 ºC, com mínimas absolutas de -4 a 8 ºC. Em relação à
  pluviosidade, a altura anual da precipitação nessas áreas é superior a 1.500
  mm, chegando a 2.340 mm no alto do Itatiaia e 3.600 mm na serra do Mar, em
  São Paulo. Os menores índices pluviométricos anuais são registrados nos vales
  dos rios Jequitinhonha e Doce, em torno de 900 mm.

 




Região Sul 

 

  
  

   
  

  
  
Com
  exceção do norte do Paraná, onde predomina o clima tropical, nesta região o
  clima predominante é o subtropical, responsável pelas temperaturas mais
  baixas do Brasil. Na região central do Paraná e no planalto serrano de Santa
  Catarina e do Rio Grande do Sul, o inverno costuma registrar temperaturas
  abaixo de zero, com o surgimento de geada e até de neve em alguns municípios.
  A temperatura média anual situa-se entre 14 e 22 ºC, sendo que nos locais com
  altitudes acima de 1.100 m, cai para aproximadamente 10 ºC. A média das
  máximas mantém-se em torno de 24 a 27 ºC nas superfícies mais elevadas do
  planalto e, nas áreas mais baixas, entre 30 e 32 ºC. No inverno, a
  temperatura média oscila entre 10 e 15 ºC na maior parte da região. A média
  das máximas também é baixa, em torno de 20 a 24 ºC nos grandes vales e no
  litoral, e 16 a 20 ºC no planalto. A média das mínimas varia de 6 a 12 ºC,
  sendo comum o termômetro atingir temperaturas próximas de 0 ºC até índices
  negativos, devido à invasão das massas polares. Em relação à pluviosidade, a
  média anual oscila entre 1.250 e 2.000 mm, exceto no litoral do Paraná e
  oeste de Santa Catarina, onde os valores são superiores a 2.000 mm, e no
  norte do Paraná, com valores inferiores a 1.250 mm.

 












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   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid"/>
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   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1"/>
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   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1"/>
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   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1"/>
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   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 1"/>
  <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 1"/>
  <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 1"/>
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   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 2"/>
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   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 3"/>
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   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 3"/>
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   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 4"/>
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   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 4"/>
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   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4"/>
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   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 4"/>
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   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 4"/>
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   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 4"/>
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   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4"/>
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   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 4"/>
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   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 4"/>
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   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 4"/>
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   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 4"/>
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   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 5"/>
  <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 5"/>
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   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 5"/>
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   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5"/>
  <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5"/>
  <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 5"/>
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   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 5"/>
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   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5"/>
  <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5"/>
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   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5"/>
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   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 5"/>
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   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 5"/>
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   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 5"/>
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   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"/>
  <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/>
  <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 6"/>
  <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 6"/>
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   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"/>
  <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"/>
  <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"/>
  <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"/>
  <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"/>
  <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6"/>
  <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"/>
  <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 6"/>
  <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"/>
  <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/>
  <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/>
  <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" SemiHidden="false"
   UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Emphasis"/>
  <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" SemiHidden="false"
   UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Emphasis"/>
  <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" SemiHidden="false"
   UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Reference"/>
  <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" SemiHidden="false"
   UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Reference"/>
  <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" SemiHidden="false"
   UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/>
  
  
 
<![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 10]>

 /* Style Definitions */
 table.MsoNormalTable
 {mso-style-name:"Tabela normal";
 mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;
 mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;
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<![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]>
 
<![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]>
 
  
 <![endif]-->



REFERÊNCIAS





MOREAS. Paulo Roberto. Geografia geral e do Brasil. Editora
Harbra, 3° edição. São Paulo, 2006.



AMABIS. José Mariano.
MARTHO.Gilberto Rodrigues. Compomente Curriculares:
Biologia; Biologia das&nbsp; Populações.
Editora moderna 2° edição. São Paulo, 2004.



GEWANDSZNAJDER. Fernando. Ciência a Vida na Terra. editora ática 3° edição. São Paulo, 2007.