Geothermal energy
Autor: RG Serviços | Publicado: 2009-07-02T12:07:00-07:00

Geothermal energy or energy geotermal is the energy obtained from the heat from Earth, more precisely Interior. Because the need to get electricity more clean and in increasing quantities has developed a way to leverage this heat for generating electricity. Today much electricity comes from the burning of fossil fuels, such as oil and coal, methods, these highly.So that we can understand how is seized power from the heat of the Earth must first understand how our planet is set up. The land is formed by large plates, which keeps isolated Interior, in which we find the magma, which is basically rocks melted down. With increasing depth temperature of these rocks growing, however, there are areas of intrusions magmáticas, where the temperature is much larger. These are areas where there is considerable potential for geothermal purposes.HistoryThe first attempt to generate electricity sources geothermal took place in 1904 in larderello in the region of Tuscany, Italy. However, efforts to produce a machine to take advantage of such sources were unsuccessful because the machines used suffered destruction due to presence of chemical substances contained in the steam. Already in 1913, a 250 kW was produced with success and around World War II 100 MW were being produced, but the power plant was destroyed during the war.Around 1970, a field from El in California was 500 MW of electricity. The holding of this field has been dramatic because in 1960 only 12 MW was produced in 1963 and only 25 MW. Mexico, Japan, Philippines, Kenya and Iceland have also expanded the production of electricity through geothermal.In New Zealand the field of gas wairakei, on the island, North, was developed around 1950. In 1964, 192 MW were being produced, but today this field is ending.Portugal account with a modern central geothermal into operation on the island of São Miguel, Azores, that in addition to other older, and is being finished third in a new island, the Azores.Geothermal energy sourcesRock dry hotWhen no El, and the conditions are favourable, unable to "stimulate" warming watermark using the heat of the Interior of the Earth. An experiment carried out in Los Alamos, California [1], demonstrated the possibility of implementing this type of power plant. In fertile were punched two wells neighbours, distant 35 metres laterally and 360 m vertically, so that they achieve a layer of rock hot. In a data–well is injected water, it warms rock and leaves on the other tergirgi, where there is a power plant geothermically installed. The experiment Los Alamos is only a pilot project and does not generate energy for commercial use. Duration of this field can be is 10 years.Wet hot rockYou can also drill a well before it a "boiler" course formed — a heated heat. From there, electricity is generated as in all other cases.Dry steamIn cases raríssimos can be found what scientists call source "dry steam", in which the pressure is high enough to move the turbines power plant with exceptional strength, and source efficient generation of electricity. Are found sources steam dry larderello, Italy and in Cerro Prieto in Mexico.Advantages and disadvantagesThe power plant geothermically of nesjavellir, near Þingvellir, Iceland.Approximately all workflows geothermal water contains dissolved gases, and these gases are sent to plant energy generation along with water vapour. One way or another these gases have just going to the atmosphere. The discharge of both water vapour and CO2 are not serious significance in appropriate scale of geothermal power stations.Furthermore, the smell unpleasant nature irreverent, and the properties harmful acid sulfídrico (H2S) are causes of concern. In cases where the concentration of acid sulfídrico (H2S) is relatively low, the smell of gas cause nausea. In higher concentrations can cause severe health problems and even death by suffocation.It is also important that appropriate treatment water coming from inside the Earth, which invariably contains ores harmful to health. Should not occur simply your dump in rivers, so that it does not undermine local fauna.When a large amount of fluid aqueous is withdrawn from the Earth, there is always a chance to occur on the surface subsidence. The most drastic example of a problem in plant geothermically is wairakei, New Zealand [2] the level of surface sank 14 metres between 1950 and 1997 and is deformando at a rate of 0, 22 metre per year, after achieving a rate of 48 metres per year in the mid - 1970s. It is believed that the problem may be mitigated with re - injection water.There is always noise that afligiria the entire population contiguous site power plant, for drilling the well is necessary to use machine similar to that used in drilling of oil wells.