Como identificar alunos com atraso na fala
Autor: Dirlene Moreira | Publicado: 2015-05-15T08:08:00-07:00


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Durante a aquisição da linguagem a criança passa pelo que
chamamos de processos fonológicos, em geral caracterizados pela simplificação
da fala do adulto como as trocas de sons e as omissões. 

Estes processos vão sendo superados à medida que a
criança adquire maior domínio linguístico, mas quando são incompatíveis com a
sua idade e dependendo do tipo de "troca" que ela realiza é
necessário uma avaliação fonoaudiológica para identificar as causas desse
desvio.


Normalmente aos 2,0 anos a criança já é capaz de produzir
corretamente palavras com fonemas mais simples como: /p/, /b/, /t/, /d/, /k/,
/g/, /m/, /n/, /v/ e /f/. Por exemplo: Pato, Vaca, Gato

Dos 2,0 aos 3,0 anos espera-se que a criança adquira
os&nbsp; fonemas mais complexos como /s/, /z/,
/ch/, /j/, /l/ e por volta dos 3,6 anos o R de Rato e Rua começa a ser
produzido. 

Fonemas mais complexos como /lh/, /r/ (de barata),
começam a ser adquiridos a partir dos 4 anos e os encontros consonantais podem
ser adquiridos até por volta dos 6 anos e meio.

Se pensarmos então em uma criança de 4 anos que substitui
os fonemas /k/ e /g/ por /t/ e /d/ (Por exemplo, diz: “tachorro e tavalo” ao
invés de “cachorro e cavalo") é importante encaminhar para uma avaliação
fonoaudiológica o mais cedo possível, uma vez que&nbsp; por volta dos dois anos já se espera que
produza os fonemas /k/ e /g/ corretamente.

É muito comum que os pais sejam orientados a aguardar até
os 5 anos para que a fala se desenvolva, entretanto esse tempo de espera pode
agravar as dificuldades sociais e de aprendizagem da criança e quanto maior a
espera mais longo se torna o processo de intervenção.

Outra questão importante são as trocas de fonemas sonoros
(que fazem vibrar as pregas vocais) por surdos (que não fazem vibrar as pregas
vocais), como por exemplo, dizer:

/ Faca/ ao invés de/ Vaca/;

/Tanone/ ao invés de /Danone/;

/Pola/ ao invés de /Bola/;



Por isso é importante que os educadores observem a fala
da criança nas diferentes situações do dia a dia escolar. Na dúvida, converse
com os pais e peça uma avaliação fonoaudiológica!


Lembre–se: aos 3 anos a criança já deve apresentar uma fala
bastante compreensível apesar de ainda existirem processos a serem superados.