AVALIAÇÃO E MONITORAMENTO DE POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS
Autor: Filosofia Pinheiros | Publicado: 2012-05-29T18:18:00-07:00

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... A avaliação é o exame
discreto de processos, produtos, qualidade, efeitos, impactos, das ações
realizadas, o monitoramento é o exame contínuo de processos, produtos,
resultados e impactos das ações realizadas.

Ao estudarmos este fascículo aprendemos que, as políticas públicas possuem um
ciclo: nascem, crescem, maturam-se e transformam-se. E, o desenvolvimento de
uma política pública, para que ela se concretize, deve envolver cinco fases:

1 - a identificação de uma questão a ser resolvida ou um
conjunto de direitos a serem efetivados, a partir de um diagnóstico do
problema; 
2 - a formulação de um plano de ação para o enfrentamento do problema; 
3 - a decisão e escolha das ações prioritária; 
4 - a implementação (através de leis e procedimentos administrativos; 
5 - a avaliação dos resultados alcançados.



E, no decorrer de todas
essas fases, deve existir o monitoramento, ou seja, um tipo de fiscalização,
feito tanto por órgãos de governo quanto por atores da sociedade civil em
geral. Para isso, deve-se garantir o acesso da população as informações sobre
os processos com a maior transparência possível.

Estas ferramentas de gestão, o monitoramento e avaliação têm por pressuposto, o
fortalecimento das funções e das políticas publica nos órgãos setoriais, e a
disseminação de praticas que subsidiam e qualificam o processo de tomada de
decisão. Essas ferramentas contempla a revisão constante dos programas.

No entanto, na prática, a política pública não ocorre necessariamente seguindo
todas estas fases. Ela nem sempre é bem planejada, ou às vezes não chega a ser
totalmente implementada ou avaliada. Isso ocorre porque há transições entre
governos com prioridades diferentes ou mudança de prioridades dentro de um
mesmo governo. Por isso, é preciso ficar atento, e exigir que a política
pública seja cumprida, ainda mais quando ela é realmente fruto de um
compromisso entre o Estado e a sociedade. E a participação popular é
fundamental nesse processo.