Estação de Tratamento do Rio Gavião
Autor: Edinete Lima | Publicado: 2010-10-22T21:44:00-03:00

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 <![endif]-->  &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Qual o tipo de uso que o público faz do reservatório e da bacia hidrográfica?&nbsp;Nós sabemos a importância da água nas nossas vidas, logo, podemos imaginar como a população poderá usufruir deste bem. Se observarmos na nossa casa, 80% das nossas necessidades requerem água, assim, podemos citar alguma dessas necessidades nas quais, usufruímos do reservatório e da bacia hidrográfica. Podemos utilizar-los quando permitida a pesca, a recreação, irrigação para o cultivo da agricultura, transporte, abastecimento de água potável e energia elétrica. Estes dois últimos são de grande importância, pois algumas bacias e reservatórios são utilizados somente para o fornecimento de energia elétrica e abastecimento de água.
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 <![endif]-->  &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Como ocorreu o desenvolvimento histórico da ETA Gavião? Considerando o número atual de habitantes e sua projeção para o futuro?&nbsp;Fortaleza teve seu primeiro sistema de abastecimento de água inaugurado em 29 de setembro de 1866, utilizando as fontes do Sítio Benfica. Ao final dos anos 60, o Ceará contava com 89 sistemas de abastecimento de água: 25 operados pela Fsesp, 32 pela Caene, 18 por Prefeituras Municipais, 9 pelo Dnocs e o de Fortaleza pela Saagec, que administrava também a pequena rede de esgoto existente. O 1º sistema de esgoto da Capital foi projetado por João Felipe em 1911 e começou a funcionar em 1927. Cobria o pequeno centro da cidade. Em 1956, tinha um emissário de 600 m de extensão e uma estação elevatória na praça do Passeio Público. Em 1966, Fortaleza contava com 39 mil metros de rede coletora de esgoto cobrindo 5,7% da população. Em 1971, a malha atingiu 53 mil metros beneficiando 8% dos fortalezenses. No período, apenas 54,8% de Fortaleza era abastecida. Foi criada então, sob a forma de Empresa de Economia Mista, a Companhia de Água e Esgoto do Ceará – CAGECE, através da Lei 9.499, de 20 de julho de 1971. De 1977 a 1978 a Companhia construiu o emissário submarino de Fortaleza e em 1981, o sistema Pacoti-Riachão-Gavião, com capacidade para armazenar 511 milhões de metros cúbicos de água. No mesmo ano, a rede coletora de esgoto chegava a 460 km, atendendo a 18% da população. Criar a Empresa foi uma iniciativa importante, mas era preciso pôr em prática o entusiasmo da criação.Em 92, a Cagece construiu o açude Pacajús e evitou o colapso no abastecimento de Fortaleza com a execução do Canal do Trabalhador. A medida garantiu uma reserva de 750 milhões de metros cúbicos de água para Região Metropolitana de Fortaleza. Outras ações foram acontecendo, como a construção do Sistema de Tratamento de Esgoto do Distrito Industrial de Fortaleza, em Maracanaú, que hoje atende a 87 indústrias e 100 mil pessoas residentes na cidade.No final de dezembro de 2004, a Empresa executou melhorias na Estação de Tratamento de Água do Gavião, incluindo a proteção do sistema adutor Gavião-Ancuri e a colocação de duas bombas de alto rendimento, gerando um aumento de 200 litros por segundo de água a partir do dia 12, e mais 150 litros por segundo, em março de 2005, na vazão da água distribuída a Região Metropolitana de Fortaleza. A iniciativa ampliou a produção de água tratada da ETA-Gavião para&nbsp;seis mil e novecentos litros por segundo.Em 2005, foram autorizadas as obras de ampliação da Estação de Tratamento do Gavião cuja vazão passará de 6 mil e 900 litros por segundo (l/s) de água para 8 mil e 300 l/s. A unidade ganhou dois novos filtros. Foram duplicados a adutora Gavião-Ancuri e o reservatório elevado do Ancuri, de onde desce a água tratada para distribuição&nbsp;à grande Fortaleza.A Empresa é atualmente uma referência nacional no segmento saneamento básico. Hoje tem certificação ISO 9001:2000 em 23 de suas Unidades, sendo a Estação de Tratamento de Água da ETA Gavião; o Controle de Qualidade da Água e Efluentes do Laboratório Central; Tratamento e Controle de Qualidade da Água das ETA's Poty (Crateús), Jaburu (Tianguá), Maranguape, Itapipoca (I e II) e Russas; Calibração e Manutenção de Medidores do Laboratório de Hidrometria e mais 14 lojas, sendo duas no Interior.
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Que legislação regula a bacia hidrográfica, os usos de água e as políticas de gerenciamento?A legislação que regula a bacia hidrográfica é a Lei Federal de n° 9.433 de 08 de janeiro de 1997. A qual defende que a água é um bem de domínio público, onde deixa claro no V – que&nbsp; a bacia hidrográfica é a unidade territorial para implementação da Política Nacional de Recursos Hídricos e atuação do Sistema Nacional de Gerenciamento de Recursos Hídricos.