Imunidade
Autor: Natal Skeptics | Publicado: 2011-11-03T11:06:00-07:00

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Orgãos envolvidos: Tonsilas, timo, baço e linfonodos
Defesas inespecíficas:
Primeira linha: Pele -&gt; possui oleosidade e suor, caracterizando meio ácido e lisozimas.
As mucosas do trato respiratório e digestório também possuem lisozimas para proteção.Segunda linha: Fagócitos -&gt; neutrófilos, macrófagos e eosinófilos(fagocita patógenos maiores ex: verme)
Proteínas antimicrobianas -&gt; lisozima e interferón(explode a célula)
Defesas específicas:Começa pela entrada de um antígeno, que pode estar na surpefície de um vírus, bactéria, protozoário, fungo, pólen ou órgãos transplantados(enxertos).
Resposta Humoral(fluida) -&gt; acontece com a entrada do patógeno no sangue ou na linfa.
Linfócito B produzido pela medula e jogado na linfa passando pelo baço e linfonodos a procura de patógenos, só se divide se determinado antígeno aparecer, começa a dividir-se e metade vira plasmócito que sintetiza e libera Ig’s(anti corpos) e a outra metade vira célula de memória.
Resposta Celular:Quem atua é o linfócito T(que amadurece no TIMO), não produz Ig, mas tem receptores.
Linfócito T citotóxico -&gt; procura e destrói a célula infectada ex: célula cancerígena ou orgão transplantado(rejeição).
Linfócito T auxiliar(o qual é atacado pelo HIV) -&gt; induz o linfócito B a criar Ig’s e ativa o T citotóxico.T supressor -&gt; inibe “B” se houver excesso.
T e B são defesas de memória, e podem ser estimulados a partir da morte de um patógeno por algum fagócito que deixou antígenos circulando no plasma.&nbsp;
** As Ig’s podem atravessar a barreira placentária.