LESSON 8
Autor: Hebert Lima | Publicado: 2012-05-13T19:44:00-07:00

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VIII
Interview with My Aunt
Mary received a work from her course very similar to the work that John received from his. She had to interview a nurse and ask about her routine. Mary had already known the nurse that she was about to interview. The nurse was her aunt and she became very happy when she saw Mary that day.- My dear aunt, how do you do? I am missing you so much. You haven’t appeared in my house.- My sweet nephew, I’m fine. I have been working so much but I’m missing you and your mother, too.- May I start the interview?- Of course my dear. Let’s go.-First question: Have you work as a nurse for a long time?- Yes, I have worked as a nurse at least for 20 years. In this hospital, I’ve been worked since 1997.- Really? And have you liked this profession?- I have liked so much of this profession. If I can work for more 10 years, I will have been thankful to God for helping so many people.- Have you ever thought about give up?- Yes, I have already thought about give up once a patient died in my arms. But I started to think that I have just lived to help people. That was a fatality. Because of that I have not given up yet.- Thank you for the interview my dear aunt.- You’re welcome, nephew.
Vocabulary
receive&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;receber&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;from &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;do &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;her&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;dela&nbsp;&nbsp; work&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;trabalho&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;very&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;muito&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to the&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;aohis &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;dele&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;interview&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;entrevistar&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;nurse&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;enfermeiraask about &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;perguntar sobre&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;know &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;conhecer&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;about to &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;prestes aaunt&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;tia&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;become &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ficar, tornar-se&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;when &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;quandodear &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;querido(a) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;how do you do? &nbsp;como vai?&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Miss&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;sentir faltaMay&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;posso&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;fist &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;primeiro &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;for a long time&nbsp; por muito tempoAt least&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; pelo menos&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;like&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;gostar&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;can &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;poderSo much&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; muito&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;so many &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;muitas&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;give up &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;desistirOnce &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;uma vez&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;patient &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;paciente &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;arms &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;braçosLive&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;viver&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;people &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;pessoas &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;help &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ajudarFor the&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;pela&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;because of that &nbsp;&nbsp;por causa disso&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;nephew&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;sobrinha &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
1§ Particípio (Past Participle)O particípio é ultima das três formas nominais que estamos a estudar neste curso. Essa forma nominal é caracterizada principalmente por um vocábulo no passado que além de ser usado em formações compostas dos vebos, podem ainda servir de adjetivos. &nbsp;Por exemplo: O particípio do verbo amar é amado, comer é comido, fazer é feito e etc.Em inglês, assim como no passado os verbos no particípio são divididos em regulares e irregulares, seguindo as mesmas regras do passado quando regulares e regras particulares quando irregulares. Os verbos regulares, quando no particípio acabam em –ed. Por exemplo: work (worked); recieve (recieved); like (liked). Quando os verbos são irregulares, estes não seguem uma forma definida. Veja a tabela na FICHA NÚMERO VI na terceira coluna: PAST PARTICIPLE!
2§ Tempos Perfeitos (Perfect Tenses)Os tempos perfeitos serão os últimos tempos verbais a explorarmos em nosso curso.&nbsp; Primeiramente é preciso esclarecer que esses tempos verbais não é 100% equivalente a nenhum tempo verbal da língua portuguesa. Esse tempo tem como verbo auxiliar o verbo “have”, no qual existirá momentos que ele tem o seu significado literal, como haverá tempos que, para o português, ele não terá significado.A estrutura principal dos tempos perfeitos é: VERBO TO HAVE + VERBO NO PARTICÍPIO. Sendo variável de acordo com o tempo verbal.
·&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Present Perfect: A estrutura vai ser “Verbo to have” (no presente) + verbo no PARTICÍPIOEx: I have (I’ve) worked in this hospital since 1997. (Forma Afirmativa)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (Eu tenho trabalhado nesse hospital desde 1997.)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Have I worked in this hospital since 1997? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(Forma Interrogativa)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (Eu tenho trabalhado nesse hospital desde 1997?)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; I have not (haven’t) worked in this hospital since 1997. (Forma Negativa)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (Eu não tenho trabalhado nesse hospital desde 1997.)
OBS¹: O Present Perfect pode ser usado quando:1.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Falamos de ações que aconteceram no passado e continuam no presente. EX: I have studied at CESA since 2010. (Eu estudo no CESA desde 2010.)2.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; As ações aconteceram num tempo não determinado.EX: I have travelled to London. (Eu viajei para Londres)
·&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Past Perfect: A estrutura vai ser “Verbo to have” (no passado) + verbo no PARTICÍPIOEx: I had just turned on the machine when it exploited. (Forma Afirmativa)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (Eu tinha acabado de ligar a máquina quando ela explodiu.)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Had I turned on the machine when it exploited?&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (Forma Interrogativa)&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(Eu tinha ligado a máquina quando ela explodiu?)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; I had not (hadn’t) turned on the machine when it exploited. (Forma Negativa)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (Eu não tinha ligado a máquina quando ela explodiu.)
·&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Future Perfect: A estrutura vai ser “Verbo to have” (no futuro) + verbo no PARTICÍPIOEx: I will have finished when you wake up. (Forma Afirmativa)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (I terei acabado quando você acordar.)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Will I have finished when you wake up. (Forma Interrogativa)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (I terei acabado quando você acordar?)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; I will not (won’t) have finished when you wake up. (Forma Negativa)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (I não terei acabado quando você acordar.)
OBS²: Existem algumas expressões, em inglês, que só podem ser utilizadas com o presente perfeito:·&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; EVER: Tem o sentido de “já” e só pode ser usado na forma interrogativa. EX: Have you ever seen the rain? (Você já viu a chuva?)·&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; ALREADY: Significa “já”. Só pode ser usado na forma afirmativa.EX: I have already seen the rain. ( Eu já vi a chuva)·&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; YET: Significa “ainda” em frases negativas ou “já” em frases interrogativas. EX: Have you seen the rain, yet? (Você já viu a chuva?)/ I haven’ seen the rain, yet.(Eu não vi a chuva ainda)·&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; SINCE: Significa “desde”. EX: We have studied here since 2010. (Nós temos estudado aqui desde 2010.)·&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; FOR: Significa “por”. EX: We have studied here for three years. (Nós estudamos aqui por três anos.