RESUMO SOBRE HIDROCARBONETO - 3º ano - QII
Autor: Estudar é preciso | Publicado: 2012-04-07T12:09:00-04:00


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Hidrocarbonetos









Hidrocarboneto
é qualquer composto binário de carbono e hidrogênio. 

Os hidrocarbonetos são classificados de acordo com a sua
cadeia carbônica. 




 

  
  
Classe

  
  
Tipo de cadeia
  carbônica

  
  
Exemplo

 

  
  
ALCANO ou
  PARAFINA

  
  
alifática saturada

  
  
CH3-CH2-CH2-CH3
  butano

 

  
  
ALCENO ou
  ALQUENO ou
  OLEFINA

  
  
alifática insaturada
  etênica com um 
   
   
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
   
   
   
  
   
  

  
  
CH3-CH=CH-CH3
  2-buteno


  

  


  H2C=CH-CH2-CH3
  1-buteno 

 

  
  
ALCADIENO ou
  DIOLEFINA

  
  
alifática insaturada
  etênica com 2 
   
  

  
  
H2C=C=CH-CH3
  1,2-butadieno


  

  


  H2C=CH-CH=CH2
  1,3-butadieno 

 

  
  
ALCINO ou
  ALQUINO

  
  
alifática insaturada
  etínica com um 
   
  

  
  
H3C-CºC-CH3
  2-butino


  

  


  H-CºC-CH2-CH3
  1-butino

 

  
  
ALCENINO ou
  ALQUENINO

  
  
alifática insaturada
  etenínica com um 
   
  
  e um 
   
  

  
  
H2C=CH-CºC-H
  butenino

 

  
  
CICLOALCANO ou
  CICLANO ou
  CICLOPARAFINA

  
  
alicíclica saturada

  
  

  
   

    
    
H2

    
    
C

    
    
-

    
    
C

    
    
H2

   

    
    
    
|

    
    
    
|

    
   

    
    
H2

    
    
C

    
    
-

    
    
C

    
    
H2

   




  ciclobutano 

 

  
  
CICLOALQUENO ou
  CICLOALCENO ou
  CICLENO ou
  CICLOOLEFINA

  
  
alicíclica insaturada
  etênica com um 
   
  

  
  

  
   

    
    
H2

    
    
C

    
    
-

    
    
C

    
    
H2

   

    
    
    
|

    
    
    
|

    
   

    
    
H

    
    
C

    
    
=

    
    
C

    
    
H

   




  ciclobuteno 

 

  
  
ARENO ou
  HIDROCARBONETO
  AROMÁTICO

  
  
cadeia aromática

  
  

   
  
  benzeno

 








 

  
  
RADICAIS MAIS IMPORTANTES

 

  
  

  
   

    
    
H3C-
    metil

    
    
H3C-CH2-
    etil

    
    
H3C-CH2- CH2-
    n.propil

    
    

    
     

      
      
      
|

      
     

      
      
H3C-

      
      
C

      
      
H-CH3

     

      
      
isopropil

     



   

    
    
H3C-CH2-CH2-CH2-
    n.butil

    
    

    
     

      
      
      
|

      
     

      
      
H3C-CH2-

      
      
C

      
      
H-CH3

     

      
      
sec.butil

     



   

    
    

    
     

      
      
H3C-

      
      
C

      
      
H-CH2-

     

      
      
      
|

      
     

      
      
      
C

      
      
H3

     

      
      
isobutil

     



    
    

    
     

      
      
      
|

      
     

      
      
H3C-

      
      
C

      
      
-CH3

     

      
      
      
|

      
     

      
      
      
C

      
      
H3

     

      
      
terciobutil

     



    
    

     
    
    

   



 

  
  

  
   

    
    
    
   

    
    
    
   



 

  
  

  
   

    
    

    
     

      
      
H2

      
      
C

      
      


     

      
      
      
|

      
     

      
      
      
     

      
      
metileno

     



    
    

    
     

      
      
H2

      
      
C

      
      
=

      
      
C

      
      
H2

     

      
      
      
|

      
      
      
|

      
     

      
      
      
      
      
     

      
      
etileno

     



    
    

    
     

      
      
H3C=

      
      
C

      
      
H

     

      
      
      
|

      
     

      
      
      
     

      
      
etilideno

     



    
    

    
     

      
      
      
|

      
     

      
      
H3C-

      
      
C

      
      
-

     

      
      
      
|

      
     

      
      
      
     

      
      
etilidino