“PARTO NORMAL? Não acredito!”
Autor: Tereza Copetti Dalmaso | Publicado: 2012-10-28T06:52:00-07:00

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De tanto
ouvir expressões de espanto sobre o fato de minha filha Lúcia (foto) ter parido o Antônio
de parto normal, fui investigar o assunto.









Parto Normal -Normalmente interpretamos como
normal algo que é muito adotado e reconhecido por todos, por ser rotineiro.
Trazendo isso como premissa, na questão dos partos, no Brasil, parto normal
significa parto por cesariana porque é a forma mais adotada para trazer à luz
os bebês. Portanto, no Brasil, o parto normal é a cesariana, o parto vaginal
deixou de ser o normal, tornou-se exceção.



Qual a realidade brasileira em
relação aos partos?

De acordo
com a OMC (Organização Mundial da Saúde) o Brasil é o país campeão mundial no
uso das cesarianas. Segundo essa órgão, as pesquisas mostram que em torno de
15% das gestantes realmente necessitam de cesarianas devido a algum tipo de
complicação, com a mãe ou com o bebê, tais como o posicionamento do bebê no
útero ou a falta de dilatação na mãe, para a passagem da criança, além de
outras complicações de saúde em que é recomendado a cesariana, pelo bem do bebê
e da mãe.

É um ótimo
recurso da medicina; o problema é que de exceção a cesariana passou à
regra&nbsp; geral.

Há países na
América Latina em que a cesariana é um acontecimento, causa espanto, pela sua
raridade. É o caso do Uruguai.

No Brasil as
regiões Sul e Sudeste são as que apresentam os mais altos índices de
cesarianas, superando os 50%. Há hospitais particulares onde os índices chegam
a 100% dos partos e na maioria dos hospitais particulares os índices superam os
70%. As pesquisas mostram que quanto maior o nível de renda, maior o índice de
cesarianas pré-agendadas, em que a gestante não espera entrar em trabalho de
parto e não chega a sentir nenhum tipo de manifestação dolorosa anunciando a
hora do bebê nascer. A hora é determinada pelos médicos assessorados pelos
ultrasons.









Os estados
em que o percentual de cesáreas é menor são o Acre e Amapá. Esses estados
ajudam a puxar para baixo o percentual de cesarianas do país, fazendo com que
fique em torno de 50%, ainda assim o maior do mundo.

Consegui com
uma médica, que obteve diretamente da fonte, a informação sobre o percentual
real de partos naturais (vaginais) realizados no Hospital de Caridade de Santa
Maria. De janeiro à metade de setembro
deste ano, o percentual chegou a 1,3% dos partos realizados nesse hospital.

Percebemos
isso no curto espaço de tempo em que minha filha esteve no referido hospital
para parir o Antônio. No quarto coletivo em que baixou por uma noite, havia
mais duas parturientes, tomando soro com medicação para pararem as contrações e
realizarem cesarianas. Conversando com elas sobre as razões, o argumento era de
que o parto por cesariana seria melhor para elas e para os bebês, segundo suas
obstetras. Pura produção de medo.



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Produção do medo:

Medo da dor;

Medo de o
bebê passar da hora;

Medo de não
ter quem atenda o parto normal, em caso de demora;

Medo de
ficar com a vagina deformada e ser rejeitada, posteriormente, pelos
companheiros;

Medo que o
bebê sofra durante o parto;



Enfim, são
muitas as formas de instigar o medo nas pobres mães. Nesse sentido, parece que
nos últimos 30 anos não houve evolução. Vivi isso no passado. Ouvi os mesmos
argumentos que minha filha ouviu, senti as mesmas dúvidas e medos que ela
sentiu e não teve forma: fui forçada às cesarianas, frustração que carrego comigo
e indignação também. Isso teve muitas consequências na minha vida.







Os médicos não oferecem a tranquilidade que a
mãe necessita e procura no momento de maior temor e fragilidade de sua vida. Momento em
que você precisa confiar, em que você não quer o risco para a vida do seu bebê
e para a sua própria &nbsp;vida.&nbsp;



O que as
gestantes ouvem de médicos e outras pessoas durante esse período pré-nascimento
de seus filhos?

“Não posso ficar tantas horas do teu
lado, esperando o parto normal”;

“Isso vai te custar caro, pois o
plano de saúde não remunera esse tempo”;

“Anestesia só é coberta pelo SUS para
as cesarianas”;

“É difícil parto natural, as mulheres
não suportam a dor”;

“É arriscado para o bebê, ele pode
passar da hora e entrar em sofrimento e ficar com problemas”;

“Não faço
parto normal, só faço cesariana”!



Foi isso que
ouvi, foi isso que a Lúcia ouviu, de diversos médicos, até encontrar um que
concordou em esperar o parto natural. Além disso, os obstetras sabem que não há
ambiente adequado e nem preparação adequada que incentivem e facilitem os
partos naturais. A própria formação médica é precária nesse sentido, segundo relato
que obtive de uma médica.
&nbsp;












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Riscos e custos



De acordo
com informações que obtive em diversos blogs, pude concluir que:

- Os riscos de mortalidade materna
são 4 vezes maiores no parto por cesárea do que no parto vaginal. No Brasil,
campeão em cesáreas, morrem, de parto, 1 mulher por minuto.

- As
cesarianas custam mais caro ao SUS, pelo tempo maior de internação da mãe e porque
exige maiores cuidados com os bebês, principalmente nas cesáreas em que a mãe
não entra em trabalho de parto, há, comprovadamente, complicações respiratórias
no recém-nascido.



E o medo da dor? 



Esse medo
tem sido alimentado.Durante
milênios as mulheres deram à luz, quando não havia procedimentos cirúrgicos.
Havia sabedoria no lidar com a dor.

Comprovadamente
a imersão na água relaxa e reduz a dor. Esse é um exemplo de um recurso muito
utilizado pelas mães indígenas e que a cultura médica ocidental pouco utiliza.



Desumanizaram,
burocratizaram e brutalizaram os partos:

Jogam as
mulheres numa cama dura, deitada de costas, constrangida pela presença de
estranhos, sem conforto, com medo, totalmente insegura.

Os obstetras
não orientam as mulheres em relação ao preparo anterior ao parto: exercícios (ilustração),
ginásticas, hidroginásticas, exercícios respiratórios, etc.









Nas cesarianas não tem dor?

Têm muitas
dores, diferentes, talvez menos intensas, mas muito mais prolongadas, acompanhadas
de outros tantos desconfortos: vômitos, dificuldade para urinar, para evacuar,&nbsp; mobilidade reduzida, além de outras
possibilidades de complicações que as cirurgias trazem.



Vantagens das cesarianas?

As
cesarianas são ótimas para evitar mortes de complicações em parturientes que
não poderiam parir naturalmente seus filhos. 

Mas
atualmente seu uso abusivo certamente atende muito mais às agendas dos médicos,
que gastam menos tempo com os partos e podem atender um número bem maior de
mulheres. 

Creio que
poderiam ser organizadas equipes de enfermagem, instalando ambientes com
recursos que oferecessem maior conforto para aliviar a dor, como banheiras de
água, por exemplo, além de investimento significativo na formação médica que
alterasse os atuais paradigmas. Obviamente teria que alterar a política de remuneração
aos profissionais e investir muito mais na estrutura necessária às mudanças no
tratamento destinado às formas de se acolher as novas vidas humanas, que
continuam nascendo.



Pergunta:

&nbsp;Por que o Sistema de Saúde não providencia
esses recursos para incentivar os partos naturais, que são mais baratos ao SUS
e trazem maiores benefícios à mãe e aos bebês?

É a pergunta
que incomoda e nos leva a pensar que a resposta esteja relacionada às mesmas
causas que historicamente sujeitaram as mulheres e as crianças à violência e ao
desrespeito.