Quorum Eleitoral
Autor: J Drinks | Publicado: 2015-08-06T11:07:00-03:00

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O

 



&nbsp;voto obrigatório é mesmo livre e transparente
como nossos governantes afirmam? Se é este o pensamento, salvo melhor juízo,
entendemos que os votos nulos e brancos, assim como as abstenções, que também
representam a vontade dos eleitores, não poderiam ser excluídos da contagem
válida para os pleitos.



Apesar
da recente e micro reforma aprovada no Congresso, ficou mantida a regra do voto
proporcional (e obrigatório), onde o candidato para ser eleito, incluído numa
lista aberta do partido ou da coligação, depende tanto da quantidade de votos
“válidos” recebidos quanto do “quorum eleitoral”.



Para
complicar um pouco mais, ou para ser “mais justo”, como justificam os
legisladores que defendem o atual sistema eleitoral, o “quorum eleitoral” é
formado por dois “quoruns” específicos.



O
primeiro é o Quociente Eleitoral (QE),
que representa a simples divisão do número de votos válidos no último pleito pelo
número de vagas em disputa. Ou seja, para uma cidade, que na última eleição
foram computados &nbsp;2.000.000 votos válidos,
e disputadas 40 vagas, o QE seria de 50.000.



O
outro “quorum” é o Quociente Partidário
(QP), definido pela razão entre o número de votos válidos para o partido/coligação
e valor do QE calculado, e que representa a quantidade de candidatos a serem
eleitos por determinado partido/coligação, sendo que a fração sempre será
descartada e se for menor do 1, nenhum candidato será eleito.



Para
melhor entendimento, vamos complementar o exemplo para o QE, estabelecido em
25.000, considerando uma eleição para Vereador e com 5 partidos com
representantes no município:



Município
de &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;FELIZ CIDADE

Votos
válidos no pleito anterior:&nbsp;&nbsp; 2.000.000

Vagas
em disputa:&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;25

Quociente
Eleitoral (QE)&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;80.000&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (= 2.000.000/25)



Quociente
Partidário (QP), com base&nbsp; nos partidos (ou coligações - fictícios) e seus
respectivos votos válidos recebidos. 


PQP &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 750.000 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; QP
= &nbsp;9&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (750.000/80.000
= 9,3 à
9 vagas) 

PFDP&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 580.000&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; QP = &nbsp;7&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (580.000/80.000
= 7,6 à
7 vagas)

PVTNC
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 380.000&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; QP = &nbsp;4 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (380.000/80.000
= 4,8 à
4 vagas)

PVSF&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 220.000&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; QP = &nbsp;2&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (220.000/80.000
= 2,8 à
2 vagas)

PSFUD&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 70.000&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; QP
=&nbsp; 0&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (&nbsp; 70.000/80.000 = 0,9 à 0 vaga)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Total QP =22



Importante
observar que este formato de eleição favorece diretamente a legenda que possui
um candidato com grande número de votos, tendo como consequência direta tanto a
eleição de um maior número de candidatos quanto a eleição de candidatos menos
expressivos “carregados” pelo “campeão de votos”.&nbsp; 

O
“QP total” indica que foram definidas
22 das 25 vagas existentes, logo devemos continuar o “cálculo para a definição
das 3 vagas restantes”.



A
primeira vaga é obtida pelo “maior valor” obtido da divisão do “número de votos
válidos pelo QP+1”, dentre os partidos que elegeram pelo menos 1 candidato:



PQP
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 750.000 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; QP =&nbsp; 9+1 =&nbsp;
10&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (750.000/10 = 75.000 à
1 vaga) 

PFDP&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 580.000&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; QP =&nbsp;
7+1 =&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 8&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (580.000/ 9 &nbsp;= 67.440 à
0 vaga)

PVTNC
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 380.000&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; QP =&nbsp; 4+1 = &nbsp;&nbsp; 5 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (380.000/
6 &nbsp;= 63.333 à 0 vaga)

PVSF&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 220.000&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; QP =&nbsp;
2+1 =&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 3&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (220.000/ 4 &nbsp;= 55.000 à
0 vaga)

PSFDU&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;
70.000&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; QP =&nbsp;
0&nbsp;&nbsp; (NÃO CONCORRE)



As
vagas seguintes seguem o cálculo, acrescentando 1 aos respectivos QP:



2ª vaga

PQP
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 750.000 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; QP =&nbsp; 10+1 =&nbsp;
11&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (750.000/11 = 68.182 à
1 vaga) 

PFDP&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 580.000&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; QP =&nbsp;
7+1 =&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 8&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (580.000/ 9&nbsp; = 67.440 à
0 vaga)

PVTNC
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 380.000&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; QP =&nbsp; 4+1 = &nbsp;&nbsp; 5 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (380.000/
6&nbsp; = 63.333 à 0 vaga)

PVSF&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 220.000&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; QP =&nbsp;
2+1 =&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 3&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (220.000/ 4&nbsp; = 55.000 à
0 vaga)

PSFDU&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;
70.000&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; QP =&nbsp;
0&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (NÃO CONCORRE)



3ª vaga

PQP &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 750.000
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; QP =&nbsp; 11+1 =&nbsp;
12&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (750.000/11 = 62.500 à 0 vaga) 

PFDP&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 580.000&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; QP =&nbsp; 7+1 =&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
8&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (580.000/ 9&nbsp; = 67.440 à
1 vaga)

PVTNC &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 380.000&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; QP =&nbsp; 4+1 = &nbsp;&nbsp; 5
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (380.000/ 6&nbsp; = 63.333 à 0 vaga)

PVSF&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 220.000&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; QP =&nbsp; 2+1 =&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
3&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (220.000/ 4&nbsp; = 55.000 à
0 vaga)

PSFDU&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 70.000&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; QP
=&nbsp; 0&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (NÃO
CONCORRE)

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Total QP = 25&nbsp; (vagas preenchidas)



Em
resumo, o Quociente Eleitoral (QE)
serve para indicar a proporcionalidade na divisão das vagas existentes em razão
da quantidade votos recebidos por cada partido (ou coligação) e com base nesta
razão, o Quociente Partidário (QP) define
o número de vagas para cada legenda. Os candidatos eleitos serão os mais
votados em cada grupo partidário. 



Portanto
é muito importante o eleitor ter em mente que seu voto válido é primeiramente
computado para o partido, ou a coligação, e que, independente do candidato
escolhido, serve para ajudar na eleição de outros candidatos presentes na lista
da legenda, independente da vontade do eleitor.