Os níveis de alfabetização
Autor: Adriana Cardoso | Publicado: 2012-12-30T13:25:00-02:00

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OS NÍVEIS DA
ALFABETIZAÇÃO



PRIMEIRO NÍVEL →
PRÉ-SILÁBICO I

Nesse
nível o aluno pensa que se escreve com desenhos. As letras não querem dizer
nada para ele. A professora pede que ele escreva “bola”, por exemplo, e ele
desenha uma bola. a professora pede que ele escreva “cachorro” e ele desenha um
cachorro.

&nbsp;



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SEGUNDO NÍVEL → PRÉ-SILÁBICO
II

O
ALUNO JÁ SABE QUE NÃO SE ESCREVE COM DESENHOS. ELE JÁ USA LETRAS OU, SE NÃO
CONHECE NENHUMA, USA ALGUM TIPO DE SINAL OU RABISCO QUE LEMBRE LETRAS.

NESSE
NÍVEL O ALUNO AINDA NEM DESCONFIA QUE AS LETRAS POSSAM TER QUALQUER RELAÇÃO COM
OS SONS DA FALA. ELE SÓ SABE QUE SE ESCREVE COM SÍMBOLOS, MAS NÃO RELACIONA
ESSES SÍMBOLOS COM A LÍNGUA ORAL. ACHA QUE COISAS GRANDES DEVEM TER NOMES COM
MUITAS LETRAS E COISAS PEQUENAS DEVEM TER NOMES COM POUCAS LETRAS. ACREDITA QUE
PARA QUE UMA ESCRITA POSSA SER LIDA DEVE TER PELO MENOS TRÊS SÍMBOLOS. CASO
CONTRÁRIO, PARA ELE, “NÃO É PALAVRA, É PURA LETRA”.



TERCEIRO NÍVEL → SILÁBICO

O
ALUNO DESCOBRIU QUE AS LETRAS REPRESENTAM OS SONS DA FALA, MAS PENSA QUE CADA
LETRA É UMA SÍLABA ORAL. SE ALGUÉM LHE PERGUNTA QUANTAS LETRAS É PRECISO PARA
ESCREVER “CABEÇA”, POR EXEMPLO, ELE REPETE A PALAVRA PARA SI MESMO, DEVAGAR,
CONTANDO AS SÍLABAS ORAIS E RESPONDE: TRÊS, UMA PARA “CA”, UMA PARA “BE” E UMA
PARA “ÇA”



QUARTO NÍVEL → ALFABÉTICO

O
ALUNO COMPREENDEU COMO SE ESCREVE USANDO AS LETRAS DO ALFABETO. DESCOBRIU QUE
CADA LETRA REPRESENTA UM SOM DA FALA E QUE É PRECISO JUNTÁ-LAS DE UM JEITO QUE
FORMEM SÍLABAS DE PALAVRAS DE NOSSA LÍNGUA.





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<![endif]-->


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  MicrosoftInternetExplorer4
  
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
  
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TRABALHANDO COM LETRAS, PALAVRAS
E TEXTOS



No trabalho em
classes de alfabetização não existe uma ordem fixa em que as coisas têm de ser
feitas. Os alunos não aprendem aos pedaços, um item depois do outro, do mais
fácil para o mais difícil. Pelo contrário, eles aprendem fazendo muitas
relações entre tudo o que faz parte do que chamamos de campo conceitual da
alfabetização. O que vem a ser isso? É um conjunto de situações que dão sentido
aos atos de escrever e ler. Por isso eles aprendem escrevendo e lendo. Para que
isso aconteça, o professor deve propor diariamente atividades que envolvam
letras, palavras e textos. Não pode se enganar achando que se está trabalhando
com textos já está naturalmente trabalhando com palavras e letras.

Durante o
processo de alfabetização o professor competente em criar situações didáticas
que permitam aos seus alunos pensar sobre a escrita deve estar atento às
especificidades do trabalho com letras, com palavras e com textos. Seus
objetivos para os três não são os mesmos e todos são igualmente importantes.



PARA O ALUNO PRÉ-SILÁBICO

&nbsp;
Associar palavras e objetos;



&nbsp;
Memorizar palavras globalmente;



&nbsp;
Analisar palavras quanto ao número de letras,
inicial e final;



&nbsp;Distinguir letras e números;



&nbsp;
Reconhecer as letras do alfabeto (cursiva e
bastão);



&nbsp;
Familiarizar-se com os aspectos sonoros das
letras através das iniciais de palavras significativas;



&nbsp;
Relacionar discurso oral e texto escrito;



&nbsp;
Distinguir imagem de escrita;



&nbsp;
Observar a orientação espacial dos textos;



&nbsp;
Produzir textos pré-silabicamente;



Ouvir e compreender histórias;



Identificar letras e palavras em textos de
conteúdo conhecido.






PARA O ALUNO SILÁBICO

&nbsp; reconhecer a primeira letra das
palavras no contexto da sílaba inicial;



&nbsp; comparar palavras memorizadas
globalmente com a hipótese silábica;



&nbsp; Contar
o número de letra das palavras;



&nbsp; Desmembrar
oralmente as palavras em suas sílabas;



&nbsp; Reconhecer
o som das letras pela análise da primeira sílaba das palavras;



&nbsp; Reconhecer
a forma e as posições dos dois tipos de letras: cursiva e&nbsp; maiúscula;



&nbsp; Identificar
palavras em textos de conteúdo conhecido (qualquer tipo de palavra);



&nbsp; Produzir
textos silabicamente;



&nbsp; Ouvir
e compreender histórias;



&nbsp;Completar
palavras com as letras que faltam (observando que o número de letras presentes
exceda sempre o número de sílabas da palavra).






PARA O ALUNO ALFABÉTICO

&nbsp;
Compor palavras com sílabas;



&nbsp;
Decompor palavras em suas sílabas;



&nbsp;
Produzir textos alfabeticamente;



&nbsp;
Ler textos de seu nível;



&nbsp;
Completar palavras com as sílabas que faltam;



&nbsp;
Observar a segmentação entre as palavras no
texto;



&nbsp;Observar os sinais de pontuação;



&nbsp;
Ouvir e compreender histórias;



&nbsp;
Completar textos com palavras;



&nbsp;
Construir frases com palavras dadas.









&nbsp;