Sobre as Teorias da Física
Autor: Tales | Publicado: 2014-01-11T12:53:00-08:00

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Todas as teorias físicas
constituem-se de apenas abstrações da realidade, propostas a partir da
observação e aceitas como verdadeiras pela experiência. Uma boa teoria física
deve ser compatível com as observações e capaz de fazer previsões corretas
sobre a realidade. Entretanto, de forma alguma podemos afirmá-las como verdades
absolutas e imutáveis. De fato, podem coexistir teorias diferentes que explicam
de forma igualmente precisa a realidade ou mesmo possam generalizá-las.






As teorias físicas são aceitas dentro
de certos limites de validade. A mecânica clássica, por exemplo, é uma teoria
determinista. Isto porque conhecidas as condições iniciais é possível
determinar em qualquer instante de tempo a posição da partícula. Entretanto, só
é válida no limite macroscópico. Nos demais limites, microscópico e de
velocidades próximas a da luz, são válidas respectivamente as teorias quântica
e relativística. A teoria quântica por sua vez é uma teoria não determinística
porque conhecidas as condições iniciais não podemos determinar com precisão sua
posição em determinado intervalo de tempo. Apenas podemos determinar uma nuvem
de probabilidades aonde a partícula poderia se encontrar após um determinado
intervalo de tempo t. Nada impede que possamos reduzir a mecânica quântica à
mecânica clássica quando nos aproximamos dos limites macroscópicos, o que nos
faz entender a mecânica quântica como uma teoria mais geral.