Anestésicos inalatórios
Autor: Lígia Martins | Publicado: 2011-10-05T17:54:00-07:00

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&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; As principais características dos anestésicos inalatórios são: o coeficiente de partição sangue:gás (que determina a solubilidade no sangue), e o coeficiente de partição óleo:gás (que determina a solubilidade na gordura). Um coeficiente de partição no sangue baixo é indicativo de uma indução e uma recuperação mais rápidas.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; O halotano possui indução e recuperação relativamente rápidas, contudo não possui efeito analgésico e causa relaxamento do útero. Os efeitos adversos mais comuns são hipotensão, hepatite, hipertermia maligna e “ressaca”.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; O enflurano é similar ao halotano, mas é menos metabolizado o que leva a menores riscos de toxicidade. Possui velocidade de indução moderada e pode provocar hipertermia maligna.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; O óxido nitroso possui baixo coeficiente de partição no sangue, é analgésico, usado para aliviar a dor do parto. Geralmente administrado em associação com outros anestésicos inalatórios. Causa hipóxia transitória, perigosa em pacientes com problemas respiratórios, e depressão da medula óssea após exposição prolongada.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Atualmente o anestésico inalatório mais utilizado é o isoflurano, mas pode pior a isquemia cardíaca em pacientes com doença coronária.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Para cirurgias mais simples utiliza-se o desflurano, por causada indução e da recuperação rápidas. Pode causar tosse e broncoespasmos.