Manejo básico e recomendações para revisão de colméias
Autor: EDUCAÇÃO  MEDIADA POR  TIC | Publicado: 2011-11-22T10:18:00-08:00



É uma inspeção periódica realizada nas colônias de abelhas, com o objetivo de observar as condições das crias, provisões de alimentos e a sanidade do enxame, a fim de manter os enxames em condições de produção.
• A presença da rainha: pode ser constatada pela postura de rainha nos favos, que se caracteriza pela colocação de um único ovo por célula;• Qualidade da postura da rainha: é observada pelo padrão de distribuição dos ovos no favo, devendo ser uniforme, não sendo aceitas falhas constantes.• Condição de desenvolvimento do enxame: é avaliada pelo número de quadros com cria e alimento;• Presença de alimento (mel e pólen): observar a quantidade de alimentos estocados nos favos, para avaliação da necessidade de alimentação dos enxames;• Espaço disponível na colméia: é avaliado pela presença de quadros vazios ou não, devendo esta relação estar adequada ao tamanho do enxame e à época do ano;• Sanidade da colônia: verificar a presença de sintomas de doenças e de inimigos naturais das abelhas na colônia.
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 <![endif]-->  Recomendações para o manejo das colméias
  ·&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; As revisões devem ser realizadas por pelo menos dois apicultores, como forma de garantir maior segurança;  ·&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Deve-se observar a utilização correta da indumentária, uma vez que muitos acidentes são ocasionados por negligência no uso deste equipamento;  ·&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Na revisão os apicultores devem se posicionar nas laterais ou no fundo da colméia, pois o posicionamento frontal atrapalha o movimento de entrada e saída das abelhas;  ·&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Ao manusear as colméias o apicultor deve evitar movimentos bruscos, pancadas nas caixas, barulho excessivo e o uso de perfumes, pois a não observação destes pontos irrita as abelhas, tornando-as mais agressivas;  ·&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Não se deve realizar revisões em dias de chuva ou com neblina.  ·&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Deve-se evitar também o manejo em dias muito frios;  ·&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Os melhores horários para realização das revisões são de 8:00 às 11:00 e de 14:00 às 17:00, devendo-se dar preferência ao horário da manhã;  ·&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; As revisões devem ser breves, evitando-se o manuseio excessivo das colônias;  ·&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Trocar os quadros velhos (escuros ou com defeito) por quadros com cera puxada ou alveolada colocando-os intercalados com os favos de cria no centro do ninho. Deve-se substituir anualmente pelo menos 20% dos favos. Esta permuta deverá ser feita no período de grandes floradas.  ·&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Após a revisão, o apicultor deverá cavar uma vala no solo e enterrar o restante do material que está na câmara de combustão do fumigador. Caso haja água nas proximidades, o apicultor também pode utilizá-la para apagar o resto do material de queima.