Desertificação
Autor: Jardim Botânico | Publicado: 2011-12-01T14:59:00-03:00

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&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; A desertificação é definida como um fenômeno
em que um determinado solo é transformado em deserto, ocorrendo a transformação
de terras com potencial produtivo em terras inférteis. Nesse processo, a
vegetação se reduz ou acaba totalmente, fazendo com que o solo perca suas
propriedades produtivas. Isso ocorre através da ação humana ou processo
natural. Esse fenômeno ocorre em regiões de clima árido, semi-árido e subúmido
seco, de acordo com a classificação definida pela ONU. É considerado um problema
global por ocorrer em mais de 100 países do mundo.



De maneira geral,
podemos apontar como as principais causas da desertificação:

Sobreuso ou uso inapropriado da terra;
Desmatamento;
Utilização de técnicas agropecuárias impróprias;
Exploração descontrolada de ecossistemas frágeis;
Queimadas;
Mineração;
Uso excessivo de agrotóxicos;
Poluição;
Secas.





&nbsp;





















&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Consequências da desertificação:

Redução das áreas cultivadas;
Diminuição da produtividade agropecuária das
     áreas afetadas;
Redução dos recursos hídricos;
Aumento da poluição hídrica;
Aumento das cheias;
Aumento
     de areia nas áreas afetadas;
Destruição
     da fauna e da flora.


&nbsp;Além desses prejuízos ambientais, a desertificação traz também impactos
de ordem econômica e social nas áreas afetadas:

Migração descontrolada para as áreas urbanas;
Desagregação familiar devido ao êxodo;
Crescimento da pobreza;
Aumento das doenças devido à falta de água
     potável e subnutrição;
Perda
     do potencial agrícola;
Perdas
     de receita econômica.






&nbsp;As áreas suscetíveis à desertificação no Brasil abrangem o semi-árido,
subúmido seco e áreas de entorno, ocupando cerca de 1.340.000 Km² e atingindo
diretamente 30 milhões de pessoas. As quatro áreas onde é intensa a
degradação são chamadas núcleos de desertificação, elas somam 18,7 mil km² e se
localizam nos municípios de Gilbués, no Piauí; Seridó, no Rio Grande do Norte;
Irauçuba, no Ceará e Cabrobó, em Pernambuco.