Cultura e artesanato
Autor: Tatiana Messer Rybalowski | Publicado: 2013-11-01T10:19:00-07:00


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Quando se menciona o artesanato, percebo que não há um
entendimento único do que se trata. Na língua portuguesa, quase sempre o
artesanal toma a direção de algo sem muita sofisticação, algo rústico. Pode ser
entendido como algo feito através de meios tradicionais, mas logo a seguir, vêm
definições que o apresentam como algo feito através de meios rudimentares, às
vezes sem qualquer método.



Em outras culturas, no entanto, esta noção depreciativa não
aparece, e quando tento verter a palavra artesanato, tenho algumas
dificuldades. A palavra craft, por exemplo, significa fazer (algo) de maneira
habilidosa ou uma atividade que envolve a habilidade de executar algo manualmente.
Traduzir não é colocar simplesmente no Google Translate, tem que se compreender
a cultura e o contexto.&nbsp;



No Brasil, devido ao passado escravagista e de grande
diferenciação de classes, o fazer manual sempre teve pouca valorização. O
trabalho intelectual sempre prevaleceu e o artesanato, atividade que tradicionalmente
vinha das camadas subalternas, desempenhou um papel irrelevante para a
construção da cultura nacional. Além disso, os artesãos geralmente dividem seu
tempo entre diferentes atividades, eles mesmos entendendo a prática do
artesanato como um bico.



Em países onde o artesanato é reconhecido e valorizado, as
técnicas são aprendidas em escolas e universidades. O artesão vê neste ofício
um meio de expressão que, por vezes, aproxima-o da arte. Busca-se a valorização
através de séries limitadas e os preços dos artefatos são altos, aproximando-se
de preços de obras de arte. Ofícios como a carpintaria, marcenaria, cantaria,
cestaria, tecelagem, bordado e outros requerem treinamento extenso e estágios
como aprendiz para obter altos níveis de habilidade.&nbsp;



No Brasil, seguindo a mentalidade da
diferenciação/depreciação do manual x intelectual, a educação formal privilegia
o que é do campo intelectual. Praticamente não há escolas de formação de
ofícios e as tradições de raiz, no interior do país, tendem a desaparecer pelo
desinteresse dos mais jovens em aprender e seguir mantendo as tradições. Num
país sem memória nem tradição, o que nos restará serão bordados do Mickey e
seus companheiros.




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Projeto em Araçuai, &nbsp;no Vale do Jequitinhonha (MG), resgata
técnicas da tecelagem manual, um ofício de artesãs que está ficando esquecido
pelo avanço das técnicas de produção de tecidos e vestuários
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<![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 10]>

 /* Style Definitions */
 table.MsoNormalTable
 {mso-style-name:"Tabela normal";
 mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;
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 mso-para-margin-left:0cm;
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<![endif]-->