Quem foi Lewis? 
Autor: Professora Katia Roma | Publicado: 2013-02-27T05:12:00-08:00



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Gilbert Newton Lewis 

(1875 - 1946) Desenvolveu

o conceito de ligação química

em compostos orgânicos.
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Gillbert Newton Lewis Nasceu em Weymouth,
no estado de Massachusetts, nos Estados Unidos no dia 23 de outubro de 1875 – morreu
em Berkeley, na Califórnia no dia 23 de março de, 1946. 

Graduou-se em química na Universidade de
Harvard e depois marchar para a Alemanha, onde ficou por dois anos, depois que
ele foi contratado pelo governo filipino. Em seu retorno aos Estados Unidos
começou a trabalhar no Massachusetts Institute of Technology de YMS mais tarde,
como professor da Universidade da Califórnia 

Foi
um importante químico que estudou as ligações químicas. 
Fez doutorado na Universidade de Harvard em 1899. Na Alemanha, estudou em
Leipzig e Göttingen. Dirigiu o gabinete de pesos e medidas no Laboratório
Governamental nas Filipinas de 1904 a 1905.

Fez
alguns trabalhos sobre termodinâmica. Foi professor de físico-química no
Instituto de Tecnologia de Massachusetts de 1907 a 1912. &nbsp;Ainda em 1912, mudou-se para a Universidade da
Califórnia, em Berkley.&nbsp; Em 1916, começou a desenvolver a ideia de que as
ligações químicas estão baseadas em compartilhamento e transferência de
elétrons. Por este motivo, seu nome está ligado a uma definição geral de ácidos
e de bases.

Publicou
suas ideias na obra Valence and the Structure of Atoms and Molecules (Valência
e Estrutura de Átomos e Moléculas) em 1923.

Em
1933, isolou o deutério, que é um dos isótopos do hidrogênio, que forma a água
pesada. Foi Lewis quem introduziu o desenho das camadas de valência dos átomos
nas ligações químicas para facilitar a visualização das transferências e compartilhamentos
de elétrons.

Apesar de
inúmeras investigações no campo cientista, Lewis tornou-se especialmente famoso
por sua teoria sobre os químicos nos links e sua definição de ácido e base. Em
1916, Lewis assinou uma teoria sobre os químicos determinados links chamados
"ligações covalentes, que são gerados a partir de elementos não-metálicos
que possuem quatro elétrons de valência que, sem chegar a oito. A investigação
de Lewis foi aprofundada e espalhada por cerca de 1923 em Langmuir.
Lewis também realiza
pesquisas no campo da termodinâmica química em idéias sobre a evolução das
reações químicas e previsão de seu comportamento. Ele é considerado um dos
grandes pioneiros da química do século XX. Ele faleceu em Berkeley, em 1946,
enquanto realizava uma série de experimentos em fluorescência.