Português resumido para concurso semântica.
Autor: Maria Blogueira | Publicado: 2016-12-11T22:21:00-03:00





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SEMÂNTICA: Estudo da significação das formas linguísticas.



Significado linguístico: Significante e significado.

Campos semânticos: Estabelecem a associação de um determinado
vocábulo com inúmeros outros, a partir de significações correlatas que
configuram dentro do contexto cultural em que a língua se insere.

Água: fonte, rio,
lago, mar.

Carnaval: samba, frevo, maracatu, afoxé.



SINONÍMIA: propriedade de dois termos serem
empregados um pelo outro, sem prejuízo do que se pretende comunicar.



Mais Geral e outro: moradia/casa.

Mais Intenso de outro: esgotar-se/cansar-se.

Mais afetivo que outro: mana/ irmã.

Mais literário que outro: gaio/ alegre.

Mais concreto que outro: bonito/ feio.

As palavras sinonímias podem até denotar o mesmo valor, mas
não tem o mesmo sentido.

Palavras com o mesmo sentido têm radicais iguais.



ANTONIMIA: Propriedade de duas ou mais
palavras apresentarem significações diferentes.



LUZ ≠ TREVA.



HIPERONIMIA: Palavras de sentido geral que inclui variam
outras de sentido especifico. (Geral).



ÁGUA – Hiperonímia de – FONTE, RIO, LAGO, MAR.



HIPONIMIA: Palavra que indica cada parte de um
todo, as palavras hiponímias apresentam um sentido mais especifico, enquanto as
hiperonímias mais geral.



FONTE, RIO, LAGO, MAR – Hiponímia de – ÁGUA.



PARONIMOS: Palavras que são semelhantes na
pronuncia e na grafia, mas diferentes no sentido.



RETIFICA ≠ RATIFICAR. 

O
gato “DESFIOU” o fio/ Igor “DESFEIOU”
com o passar do tempo.



HOMONINIA: Propriedade de duas ou mais formas distintas
(Significação, classe gramatical ou função sintática) terem a mesma estrutura fonológica.



HOMOGRAFIA: As palavras possuem grafia idêntica, mas
pronuncia e significados diferentes.



O
chão esta “SECO”/ Deixa que eu “SECO” o chão.



&nbsp;HOMOGRAFIA:
As palavras com grafia e sentidos diferentes, mas a mesma pronuncia.



&nbsp;O “PAÇO” fica na praça XVI/ O primeiro “PASSO”
foi dado.



HOMONIMIA PERFEITO: Grafia e pronuncia igual, mas significado
diferente.



Ele chegou “SEDO”/ Eu não “SEDO” um milímetro.



POLISSEMIA: Poli = vários/ ssemia = sentido.
Capacidade que a própria palavra possui de assumir várias significações somente
definidas e precisadas dentro de um determinado contexto.



&nbsp;O Martini derrete o “GELO”
(acaba com o nervosismo, com a timidez...).



DENOTAÇÃO: É a significação objetiva da
palavra; é a palavra em “estado de dicionário”.



CONOTAÇÃO: É a significação subjetiva da
palavra, ocorre quando a palavra evoca outras realidades por associação que ela
provoca.