Vocês sabem quem foi Johannes Zukertort?
Autor: marcosnatal | Publicado: 2011-05-06T04:00:00-07:00

    Caros colegas,   Vocês sabem quem foi Johannes Zukertort?   Johannes Hermann Zukertort was born on the 7th of September 1842 in Lublin, Poland. His early chess career had a lot to do with Adolf Anderssen against whom he played two matches. He lost in Berlin 1868 (+3, =1, -8) and won in 1871 (+5, =0, -2) and it was on the strength of this second match that he was invited to play in the London tournament of 1872. He finished in 3rd place behind Wilhelm Steinitz and Joseph Henry Blackburne. He lost a short match against Steinitz after this and became a naturalized British citizen in 1878. The peak of his career came with his victory in the London tournament of 1883, 3 points ahead of Steinitz and 5 1/2 points ahead of Blackburne who came 3rd. In 1886 he and Steinitz played the First World Championship Match. The strain proved too much and Zukertort not only lost the match (+5, =5, -10) but his health was seriously affected. He passed away from a cerebral haemorrhage after playing a game in Simpson&#39;s Divan in London in 1888.            In Breslau Zukertort met the leading chess player Adolf Anderssen and studied with him. Among many other notable matches he played with Anderssen, he defeated him in 1866, lost in 1868 by a score of eight wins, three losses, one draw, and finally defeated him convincingly (5-2; no draws) in a match in 1871.[4][5] In 1867 he moved to Berlin and in 1872 to London. In that year, he played Wilhelm Steinitz in London, losing 9-3 (7 losses, 1 win, 4 draws).[5]  Although Zukertort lost both his matches against Steinitz, he proved that he was superior to other opponents throughout the late 1870s and early 1880s.[6] During this period top-class tournaments were rare[7] and Zukertort&#39;s best performances were mostly in matches, notably against Anderssen in 1871 and Joseph Henry Blackburne in 1881 (6 wins, 2 losses, 5 draws).[6][8] Nonetheless Zukertort was one of the most successful tournament players of his time: 3rd behind Steinitz and Blackburne at London, 1872; 1st at Cologne and 2nd at Leipzig in 1877; tied for 1st with Simon Winawer at the Paris International Chess Congress in 1878 and beat Winawer in the play-off; 2nd at Berlin in 1881, behind Blackburne; tied for 4th at Vienna in 1882; 1st at London in 1883, 3 points ahead of Steinitz.[3]  Zukertort&#39;s win in the London 1883 chess tournament was his most significant success: he won his games against most of the world&#39;s leading players, scoring 22/26, and he finished 3 points ahead of Steinitz, who was second with 19/26.[9] This tournament established that Steinitz and Zukertort were clearly the best two players in the world, and led to the World Chess Championship match between these two.[10]  The 1886 World Chess Championship match lasted from 11 January to 29 March 1886. After building up a 4-1 lead Zukertort wilted, lost 4 of the last 5 games and lost the match by 12½-7½.[11]  After this defeat, Zukertort&#39;s health suffered and he was a greatly weakened player for the remaining two years of his life. Diagnoses of his ailments include rheumatism, coronary heart disease, kidney problems, and arteriosclerosis. His results after the 1886 match declined steeply: 7th at London and 3rd at Nottingham in 1886; 15th at Frankfurt and 4th at London in 1887; lost a match in 1887 against Blackburne (1 win, 5 losses, and 8 draws); 7th at London in 1888.[3]  Poor health and lack of physical stamina appeared to be one of Zukertort&#39;s two long-term weaknesses: some commentators attributed to illness the severity of his defeat in the 1872 match against Steinitz;[12] in the 1883 London tournament he won 22 of his first 23 games, enough to give him an uncatchable lead, but lost his last 3 games; and he initially built up a 4-1 lead against Steinitz in 1886, but then his performance sharply deteriorated.[13][11] His other weakness was that, while no one had greater attacking flair, Zukertort never approached Steinitz&#39; understanding of positional play and Steinitz often out-maneuvered him fairly simply.[7]  Unlike the majority of attacking players, Zukertort preferred openings such as 1. c4 and 1. Nf3 that were closed or semi-closed and offered the possibility of transpositions—in fact in the early 1880s 1. Nf3 was known as &quot;Zukertort&#39;s Opening&quot;, 40 years before it became known as the Réti Opening.[7][14]  In his prime Zukertort also excelled at playing while blindfolded. In 1876, he played sixteen games simultaneously while blindfolded, winning twelve and losing only one.[3]   Later life Zukertort died 20 June, 1888, in London from a cerebral hemorrhage after playing a game in a tournament Simpson&#39;s Divan, which he was leading at the time.[3] He is buried in Brompton Cemetery in London.   Trivia It is said that Steinitz and Zukertort, present at the same dinner party, both rose in response to a toast to the &quot;greatest chess-player in the world&quot;. Research by Edward G. Winter suggests that this story has been embellished.[15]    [Event &quot;Tnmt, London&quot;][Site &quot;Tnmt, London&quot;][Date &quot;1883.??.??&quot;][EventDate &quot;?&quot;][Round &quot;?&quot;][Result &quot;1-0&quot;][White &quot;Johannes Zukertort&quot;] [Black &quot;Joseph Henry Blackburne&quot;][ECO &quot;A13&quot;][WhiteElo &quot;?&quot;][BlackElo &quot;?&quot;][PlyCount &quot;65&quot;]1. c4 e6 2. e3 Nf6 3. Nf3 b6 4. Be2 Bb7 5. O-O d5 6. d4 Bd6 7. Nc3 O-O 8. b3 Nbd7 9. Bb2 Qe7 10. Nb5 Ne4 11. Nxd6 cxd612. Nd2 Ndf6 13. f3 Nxd2 14. Qxd2 dxc4 15. Bxc4 d5 16. Bd3Rfc8 17. Rae1 Rc7 18. e4 Rac8 19. e5 Ne8 20. f4 g6 21. Re3 f522. exf6 Nxf6 23. f5 Ne4 24. Bxe4 dxe4 25. fxg6 Rc2 26. gxh7+ Kh8 27. d5+ e5 28. Qb4 R8c5 29. Rf8+ Kxh7 30. Qxe4+ Kg731. Bxe5+ Kxf8 32. Bg7+ Kg8 33. Qxe7 1-0     [Event &quot;Breslau&quot;][Site &quot;Breslau&quot;][Date &quot;1865.??.??&quot;][EventDate &quot;?&quot;][Round &quot;?&quot;][Result &quot;1-0&quot;][White &quot;Johannes Zukertort&quot;] [Black &quot;Adolf Anderssen&quot;][ECO &quot;C37&quot;][WhiteElo &quot;?&quot;][BlackElo &quot;?&quot;][PlyCount &quot;49&quot;]1.e4 e5 2.f4 exf4 3.Nf3 g5 4.Bc4 g4 5.O-O Qe7 6.Nc3 Qc5+ 7.d4Qxc4 8.Ne5 Qe6 9.Nd5 Kd8 10.Nxf4 Qe8 11.Nd5 f6 12.Nxg4 Bg7 13.Ngxf6 Nxf6 14.Bg5 Qg6 15.Bh4 Qxe4 16.Qh5 Rf8 17.Rae1 Qxd4+18.Kh1 c6 19.Rxf6 cxd5 20.Rxf8+ Kc7 21.Bg3+ d6 22.Bf2 Qc423.Rxc8+ Kxc8 24.Qe8+ Kc7 25.Re7+ 1-0     [Event &quot;Ch World (match)&quot;][Site &quot;New York (USA)&quot;][Date &quot;1886.01.04&quot;][EventDate &quot;?&quot;][Round &quot;3&quot;][Result &quot;1-0&quot;][White &quot;Johannes Zukertort&quot;] [Black &quot;Wilhelm Steinitz&quot;][ECO &quot;D10&quot;][WhiteElo &quot;?&quot;][BlackElo &quot;?&quot;][PlyCount &quot;93&quot;]1. d4 d5 2. c4 c6 3. e3 Bf5 4. a3 e6 5. c5 a5 6. Qb3 Qc77. Nc3 Nd7 8. Na4 Ngf6 9. Ne2 Be7 10. Ng3 Bg6 11. Bd2 O-O 12. Be2 Rfb8 13. O-O b6 14. cxb6 Nxb6 15. Nxb6 Rxb6 16. Qc3Qb7 17. Ra2 Nd7 18. Bd1 c5 19. Ba4 c4 20. Qc1 Nf6 21. Bc3 Bd622. f3 Qb8 23. f4 Bd3 24. Re1 h5 25. h4 Qd8 26. Bd1 g6 27. Qd2Rbb8 28. Qf2 Be7 29. Bf3 Ne4 30. Bxe4 dxe4 31. Nh1 Bxh4 32. g3 Be7 33. Qd2 Qd5 34. Nf2 a4 35. Kg2 Rb3 36. Rh1 Kg7 37. Raa1Bd8 38. g4 hxg4 39. Nxg4 Ba5 40. Rh7+ Kf8 41. Rh8+ Kg742. Rh7+ Kf8 43. Qf2 Bd8 44. Ne5 Kg8 45. Rah1 Bf6 46. Rxf7 Rf847. Rxf6 1-0     [Event &quot;Knight Odds Game&quot;][Site &quot;Berlin&quot;][Date &quot;1872.??.??&quot;][EventDate &quot;?&quot;][Round &quot;-&quot;][Result &quot;1-0&quot;][White &quot;Johannes Zukertort&quot;] [Black &quot;Count Epoureano&quot;][ECO &quot;000&quot;][WhiteElo &quot;?&quot;][BlackElo &quot;?&quot;][PlyCount &quot;46&quot;][SetUp &quot;1&quot;][FEN &quot;rnbqkbnr/pppppppp/8/8/8/8/PPPPPPPP/R1BQKBNR w KQkq - 0 1&quot;] 1. f4 e6 2. Nf3 Nf6 3. b3 d5 4. Bb2 c5 5. e3 Nc6 6. a3 a67. Bd3 Bd6 8. Qe2 O-O 9. g4 Nxg4 10. Qg2 Nf6 11. h4 h6 12. h5Kh8 13. O-O-O Ne8 14. Rdg1 Rg8 15. Bh7 f6 16. Bxg8 Kxg817. Qg6 Kh8 18. Ng5 hxg5 19. fxg5 Ne7 20. gxf6 Nxg6 21. hxg6+ Kg8 22. Rh8+ Kxh8 23. f7 {Black resigns} 1-0