biomass
Autor: RG Serviços | Publicado: 2009-07-02T11:07:00-07:00

biomass from the point of view of power generation, the term biomass covers derivatives recent living organisms used as fuel or for their production. The point of view of ecology, biomass is the total amount of living matter sire ecosystem or a population animal or vegetable. The two concepts are interconnected, although they are different.In the definition of biomass for energy generation are traditional fossil fuels, although these are also derived from plant life (coal) or animal oil and gas), but they are the result of various transformations that require millions of years to occur. Biomass can be considered a renewable natural resource, while the fossil fuels not renew the short term.Biomass is used in production of energy from processes like the burning of organic material produced and accumulated in an ecosystem, but not all primary production is to increase biomass plant of the ecosystem. Part of this energy accumulated is employed by ecosystem for its own maintenance. Its advantages are the low - cost is renewable, allows the process of waste and that other forms of energy such as that obtained from fossil fuels.The burning of biomass causes the release of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, but as this compound had been previously absorbed by plants leading to fuel, the balance sheet of CO2 emissions is null.//Use of biomass as fuelOne of the first use of biomass by humans to acquire energy began with the use of fire as a source of heat and light. The field of natural resource brought to man the possibility of exploitation of minerals, ores and metals, selecting new period anthropological. Wood similarly was for a long period of time the main energy source, with it the cooking, the steel industry and the ceramics were undertaken. Oils multiple sources were used to a lesser extent. The great leap of biomass is the advent of firewood in steel, in the industrial revolution.In the years understood the 19th century, with servicesmicrofilm technology steam, biomass had primary role also for mechanical energy with applications in sectors in industry and transport. Despite the beginning of the exploitation of fossil fuels, such as coal and oil fuels continued playing important role energy, particularly in tropical countries. In Brazil, was used on a large scale, reaching the mark 40% of primary energy production, however, for the environment as a value that is not a reason for celebrations, after all, deforestation of forests Brazilian has increased in recent years.During the then collapse of oil supplies that occurred during the 1970s, this became evident by the wide use of articles from biomass as alcohol, woodgas, biogas and vegoils in internal combustion engines. Nevertheless, the internal combustion engines were first tested with derived from biomass, being virtually unanimous statement that fossil fuels only obtained priority by economics, such as supply and demand, never by technical issues of adequacy.To obtain the most varied sources of energy, biomass can be used in a manner broadly, directly or indirectly. The lowest percentage of air pollution and global located, the stability of the carbon cycle and the largest employment of labour, may be listed as some of the benefits of its use.Also, in relation to other forms of renewable energy, biomass, as chemical, energy has a prominent position due to high energy density and storage facilities, Exchange and transport. The similarity between the engines and systems of energy production of biomass and fossil fuels is another advantage, thus not have an effect as wall-to-wall nor industry production equipment or bases imposed on transport and manufacturing electrical energy.MaterialsWood is used for production of biomass energy. In Brazil, already represented 40% of primary energy production. The major disadvantage is the deforestation of forests;Marc cane sugar;Powder Sierra;Paper already used;Twigs and leaves arising from the pruning of trees in cities or houses;Packaging cardboard discarded after the acquisition of various appliances or other products.Paddy rice.Elephant [1]Products derived from biomassSome examples of products derived from biomass are:Bio - oil: black obtained through the pyrolysis process whose main how are heating and electrical power generation.Biogas: methane retrieved together with carbon dioxide through the decomposition of materials such as waste, food, sewage and liquid manure in carcase disposal plant biomass.Biomass - to - must have: NET in two stages. First is a process of gasificação, whose product is process Fischer - Tropsch process. Can be employed in the composition of liquid fuels and lubricants for use in diesel engines cycle.Cellulosic ethanol: ethanol raised by two processes. On one of them biomass, consisting basically by molecules of célulose, is submitted to the process of hydrolysis enzyme using various enzymes, such as cellulase, celobiase and β - glicosidase. The other process is composed of the implementation of the following three successive stages: gasificação, fermentation and distillation.Bioethanol "common": made in Brazil based juice extracted from the sugarcane (garapa - shives). There are countries which employ maize (United States) and beet (France) for their production. The system - based cane sugar employed in Brazil is more viable than the one used by American and French.Biodiesel is made of palm oil, castor tree and soya.Vegetable oil: can be used in diesel technology ElsbettJoint ventures in BrazilIn Brazil there are some initiatives in this sector, particularly in the section of transport. The USGA, diethyl oil, castor tree and some compounds alcohol as the azulina and motorina were produced to replace gasoline successfully 1920s until the early days of the following period of ten; collapse arising from the first world war.The mixture of alcohol in petrol, started by law in 1931, enabled Brazil the improvement of the outcome of combustion engines so guaranteed and higiênica; the use of additives veneníferos as lead tetra ethyl, that similarly have been used in other countries upward characteristics anti-knock petrol has been avoided. Is of great importance, enabling the use of higher compression engines the explosion.The Pro alcohol ordinary years 1970 consolidated option alcohol as an alternative to petrol. Despite the problems faced as values fall in international oil and fluctuations in the price of alcohol, which affected often offer internal alcohol, the effects of governmental strategy survive on their increments. Gasoline is a mixture containing 25% of alcohol and the methodology for the manufacture of car alcohol reached levels of excellence. The problems faced in the 1990s of desabastecimento of alcohol that generated the fall in car alcohol are no longer a threat to the consumer thanks to recent offer of bicombustíveis.Recently, the program of biodiesel is being deployed to put vegetable oil as complementary to diesel oil. First the mixture will be up to 2% of derived from biomass in diesel with an increase in gradativo until the percentage of 20% within ten years.The Brazilian experiment is not limited only to transport, electricity has been promoted with the injection of energy as a result of Barra alcohol and sugar, generated from the incineration of Marc and straw of cane sugar. Other waste as rice straw or sawdust wood also maintain some termoelétricas by the country.Environmental impacts and cautionDespite expediency referred, the use of biomass large-scale also requires certain care that must be remembered, in the 1980 and 1990 development furious drawing of alcohol in our country has made this clear. Joint ventures for the use of biomass widely may have environmental impacts. The result may be destruction of fauna and flora with extinction of certain species, soil contamination and mananciais of water by use of fertilizers and other means of defence handled inappropriately. Therefore, respect for biodiversity and environmental concern must govern any intention of use of biomass.