Como é a situação jurídica sobre a pesquisa de células-tronco no Brasil
Autor: Acadêmicas de Odontologia | Publicado: 2011-06-02T18:29:00-03:00

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&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; A controvérsia sobre quando começa a vida também afeta as decisões sobre a liberação das pesquisas com células-tronco no Brasil. A Lei de Biossegurança (lei nº 11.105, de 24 de março de 2005) libera no País a pesquisa com células-tronco de embriões obtidos por fertilização “in vitro” e congelados há mais de três anos. Atualmente, esse embriões são descartados após quatro anos de congelamento, mas os pais devem autorizar expressamente seu uso para efeito de pesquisa. Dois meses depois de aprovada a lei, em maio de 2005, o então procurador da República Cláudio Fonteles entrou com uma Ação Direta de Inconstitucionalidade no Supremo Tribunal Federal contra o artigo da Lei de Biossegurança que trata do uso de células-tronco embrionárias em pesquisas, argumentando que o artigo 5º da Constituição Federal garante o direito "à inviolabilidade da vida humana" e que os embriões são seres vivos. Em março de 2008, os 11 ministros do STF se reuniram para decidir sobre a questão, mas não chegaram a conclusão alguma. Após dois votos a favor da liberação das pesquisas, o ministro Carlos Alberto Menezes Direito pediu vistas ao processo, prolongando ainda mais as discussões sobre as pesquisas com células-tronco embrionárias no País. Finalmente, no dia 29 de maio de 2008, por&nbsp;seis&nbsp;votos&nbsp;contra cinco, o Supremo Tribunal Federal (STF) liberou as pesquisas científicas com células-tronco embrionárias sem nenhuma restrição, como previsto na Lei de Biossegurança. A lei prevê que os embriões usados nas pesquisas sejam inviáveis ou estejam congelados há três anos ou mais e veta a comercialização do material biológico. Também exige a autorização do casal.