Prof. Cide explica o que é Co-geração.
Autor: Prof. Cide | Publicado: 2014-01-19T17:48:00-03:00

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Co-geração é definida como o
processo de transformação de uma forma de energia em mais de uma forma de
energia útil, normalmente são a energia mecânica (movimentar máquinas,
equipamentos e turbinas de geração de energia elétrica) e a térmica (geração de
vapor, frio ou calor). 







Para
exemplificar o processo de co-geração, apresentamos uma caldeira que utiliza
como fonte primária de energia a queima do bagaço e/ou a palha da cana para
produzir vapor em alta pressão, com temperatura superior ao ponto de ebulição
da água. A liberação desse vapor ocorre através de sistemas mecânicos que o
transfere para os processos industriais, como também para o acionamento das
turbinas, que vão gerar energia elétrica. O ciclo se completa com o retorno do
vapor condensado à caldeira, para ser novamente aquecido. 







É
bom salientar que a co-geração apresenta alta eficiência energética, pois não
há o desperdício de energia térmica, e essa energia é utilizada em processos
industriais, como secagem, evaporação, aquecimento, cozimento, destilação e
etc. Podendo ainda, produzir mais duas fontes de energia: a mecânica e
elétrica.







Segundo
o Balanço Energético Nacional (2013), a oferta interna de energia renováveis na
matriz energética brasileira é de 42,4%, a partir da utilização de lenha de
carvão vegetal (9,1%), bagaço de cana-de-açúcar (15,4%), hidráulica e
eletricidade (13,8%) e outras renováveis (4,1%). Na produção de energia
elétrica o setor elétrico brasileiro, emite 6 vezes menos CO2 que o
europeu, 7 vezes menos do que o setor elétrico americano e 11 vezes menos do
que o chinês, para produzir 1 TWh. (Fonte: Balanço Energético Nacional 2013 –
Ano base 2012)