Um tempo redondo para a narrativa transcontinental de Mia Couto
Autor: Roit | Publicado: 2013-01-13T02:37:00-08:00

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Julio Roitberg, 06/01/2012



Diz
Roland Barthes, em S/Z (1970) que “há por um lado, o que é possível escrever e,
por outro, o que já não é possível escrever: o que está na prática do escritor
e o que se afastou dela.” (p. 12). Aquilo que criou significação para Mia Couto,
fugindo a toda possibilidade de leitura viciada, arquivada em nosso “museu do
imaginário”, entre tantas metáforas petrificadas, é o material, ardente de
vida, deste&nbsp; seu livro. A matéria de que
lança mão é o&nbsp; “escrevível”. Questiona, implica, evoca, invoca e, finalmente, convoca, falando, com toda
propriedade, atestada, tanto, pelo reconhecimento do conjunto de sua obra,
assim como por uma escritura que se apresenta em uma sintaxe direta, lógica e
gostosa de ser lida. 

Em
“E se Obama fosse africano?”, as memórias e as lembranças fundem-se naquilo que
o autor nomeou por “interinvenções”, neologismo que congrega
intervenções e invenções realizadas em diversos momentos e lugares fluindo em
uma temporalidade mítica. Suas narrativas, mescladas à prosa poética - “ensaios”&nbsp; - dão suporte a um conjunto de textos que deambulam,
rosianamente, na “terceira margem”, ao mesmo tempo, em que não se afasta da
prática, da proposta de uma intervenção social.

Em
“Os sete sapatos sujos” (p. 25-47),&nbsp;
denuncia a vitimização, o coitadismo, a inércia, a esquecimento
voluntário, a justificativa pelas ações dos outros, a culpabilização através do
destino, a atávica presença das forças ocultas e da magia, questionando “o
que&nbsp; preciso mudar dentro e fora de
África? (p. 27), a fim de&nbsp; não continuar
a atirar poeira para ocultar responsabilidades”. 

Os
“sete sapatos” -, cujo abandono na soleira da porta mostra-se imperioso, em
função dos novos tempos, para que se possa entrar neste futuro que todos
querem, descalços de preconceitos, são enumerados e sequenciados, assim: Primeiro sapato: a ideia de que os culpados são sempre os outros e nós
somos sempre vítimas; Segundo sapato: a ideia de que o sucesso não nasce do
trabalho; Terceiro sapato: o preconceito de quem critica é um inimigo; Quarto
sapato: a ideia de que mudar as palavras muda a realidade; Quinto sapato: a
vergonha de ser pobre e o culto das aparências; Sexto sapato: a passividade
perante a injustiça; Sétimo sapato: a ideia de que para sermos&nbsp; modernos temos que imitar os outros

Impregnando
– e mesclando – a poética brechiana com o convite a uma prática que leve à emancipação,
em consonância com o nosso maior educador, a leitura cinematográfica deste
livro projeta-se - e lança o leitor!- em uma tela, por meio das “conversas”. E
é este andamento conversacional que balança a viagem entre as narrativas. Este “saber-fazer”,
“saber-dizer”, “saber-ouvir” (LEAL, 2006, p. 25), enquanto modo de escrituração,
traduz, atualiza, exatamente porque suas representações assemelham-se mais à
contação de estórias, abrindo larga distância das narrativas lineares,
enrijecidas na linearidade do espaço e do tempo. Para ouvir Mia Couto e suas
narrativas transcontinentais, bem além das suas Áfricas, pede-se um tempo
redondo, bem mais largo que este que nos obriga a cessar a leitura, a esquecer
das lembranças, a interromper a conversa. Porque o dia amanhece.

Para
Leal (2006), citando Lyotard (1993)

Os relatos trazem
uma “função letal”: nessa mistura, tempos são apagados, perdidos, mesmos porque
toda narrativa existente, contada, é sempre presente, atual. Com isso, funda-se
pragmaticamente, [...] uma temporalidade simultaneamente “evanescente” e “imemorial”,
constituída no “ato presente que desdobra, cada vez, na temporalidade efêmera
que se estende entre o eu ouvi dizer e vocês vão ouvir”. (LEAL, 2006. p. 25)

Incendiando
o horizonte além da fronteira transcontinental: das savanas africanas para o
mundo – com um recorte especial para o Brasil de Jorge Amado e de Guimarães
Rosa -,&nbsp; possibilita, em sua prosa
conversasional, uma viagem entre o épico, o lírico e o dramático (STAIGER, 1975),
abrindo as trilhas de acesso às eternas lembranças. 

Este
deslocamento espaço-temporal, entre os gêneros poéticos, acompanha a
compreensão de Mia Couto sobre as línguas, “[...] as mais poderosas agências de
viagens, os mais antigos e eficazes veículos de trocas” (p. 174), o que é
ilustrado em “O incendiador de caminhos”: todos nós já conhecemos os mais
diversos lugares e paisagens, independente de termos embarcado em um avião e,
rapidamente, estarmos em um outro continente. 

Não existe
geografia que nos seja exterior. Os lugares – por mais que nos sejam
desconhecidos – já nos chegam vestidos com as nossas projecções imaginárias. O
mundo já não vive fora de uma mapa, não vive fora da nossa cartografia
interior. (p. 74)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 

Dos
mais remotos desertos, às mais impenetráveis florestas, anteriormente
transpostos e povoados pela imaginação de nossos antepassados que, “antes de
chegarem ao destino faziam deslocar a sua imaginação coletiva.” (p. 74), “mesmo
parados, partimos à procura do que não podemos ser.” (p. 76). 


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Escultura Ujaama, Makonde, em
  eboni, 25” (Tanzânia, 1900-1925)

 


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<![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 10]>

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<![endif]-->


O
acesso à zona de embarque – sem a necessidade do check in é
permitido/facilitado pelo exercício da escrita, da escuta e da leitura, atos
que não se restringem ao que se pretende por hegemônico. Lemos, escutamos,
escrevemos bem mais com outros códigos, além dos preponderantes. Os
sinais deixados nas cavernas pelos nossos ancestrais que, em
nossa genética, carregamos,&nbsp; esculpiram nossas memórias, através dos tempos. <!--[if !mso]>

v\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);}
o\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);}
w\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);}
.shape {behavior:url(#default#VML);}

<![endif]-->


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  MicrosoftInternetExplorer4
  
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
  
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Jogando
com a realidade e a mímesis, assume que “a realidade é uma construção social e
é, frequentemente, demasiado real para ser verdadeira.” Em função desta
armadilha, “nós não temos sempre que a levar tão a sério.” (p. 99)

E este tempo não linear, “redondo”
(p. 123), africano, fabular, narrativo, longe da racionalidade cronológica, pode
ser que tenha a ver com a capacidade, segundo o autor, de, ao atualizarmos
nossas narrativas, presentificando-as, inventarmos os nossos cotidianos. Mia
Couto escreve de um lugar em que as ideias de pessoa, de individualidade são
bem diversas nas línguas do Sul da África (p. 80-81). Para Leal (2006) a
estrutura narrativa “só tem sentido quando em relação a um contexto, entendido
tanto como uma realidade cultural, um repertório de textos e gênero e a um
processo comunicacional específico.” (p. 26). E, nas culturas das diversas Áfricas,
cenário-processo-personagem do livro de Mia Couto:

Nós somos como uma
escultura maconde[1] uja-ama[2],
somos um ramo dessa grande &nbsp;árvore que
nos dá corpo e nos dá sombra. Distintamente daquilo que é hoje dominante na
Europa, nós olhamos a sociedade moderna como uma teia de relações familiares
alargadas.” (p. 82).

Bibliografia







BARTHES,
R., avaliação. In: BARTHES, R. S/Z. Lisboa: Edições 70. 1970.
p.11-12.



COUTO,
M. E se Obama fosse africana? (ensaios). São Paulo: Companhia das Letras, 2011.



LEAL,
B. Saber das narrativas: narrar. In: GUIMARÃES, C.; FRANÇA, V. (Orgs.) Na mídia, na rua: narrativas do
cotidiano. Belo Horizonte: autêntica, 2006. p. 19-42.



STAIGER, E. Da fundamentação dos
gêneros poéticos. In: STAIGER, E. Conceitos
fundamentais de poética. Rio de Janeiro: Tempo Brasileiro, 1975. p.
160-179.












[1]
Povo do norte de Moçambique









[2]
“Família alargada.” Por extensão, denomina um tipo de escultura em que figuras
várias se aglomeram de forma entrelaçada simbolizando a unidade familiar.” Reprodução
em escultura em http://crocolux.com.Art Acesso em
06/01/2012