Mercúrio.
Autor: Professora Anaiê | Publicado: 2014-04-14T17:34:00-03:00

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Mercúrio&nbsp;é o menor e mais
interno&nbsp;planeta&nbsp;do&nbsp;Sistema Solar,&nbsp;orbitando&nbsp;o&nbsp;Sol a cada 87,969&nbsp;dias terrestres. Sua
órbita tem a maior&nbsp;excentricidade&nbsp;e seu eixo&nbsp;apresenta
a menor&nbsp;inclinação&nbsp;em
relação ao plano da órbita dentre todos os planetas do Sistema Solar. Mercúrio
completa três&nbsp;rotações&nbsp;em
torno de seu eixo a cada duas órbitas.&nbsp;Sua
aparência é brilhosa quando observado da&nbsp;Terra, tendo uma magnitude aparente&nbsp;que varia de −2,6 a 5,7, embora não
seja facilmente observado pois sua&nbsp;separação angular&nbsp;do Sol é de apenas 28,3º. Uma vez que
Mercúrio normalmente se perde no intenso brilho solar, exceto em&nbsp;eclipses
solares, só pode ser observado a olho nu durante o&nbsp;crepúsculo&nbsp;matutino ou vespertino.

Comparado a outros
planetas, pouco se sabe a respeito de Mercúrio, pois telescópios em solo terrestre
revelam apenas um crescente iluminado com detalhes limitados. 

Mercúrio tem uma
aparência similar à da&nbsp;Lua&nbsp;com&nbsp;crateras de
impacto&nbsp;e planícies
lisas, não possuindo&nbsp;satélites naturais&nbsp;nem uma&nbsp;atmosfera
substancial. Entretanto, diferentemente da Lua, possui uma grande quantidade de&nbsp;ferro&nbsp;no&nbsp;núcleo&nbsp;que
gera um&nbsp;campo
magnético, cuja intensidade é cerca de 1% da intensidade do campo
magnético da Terra. É um planeta excepcionalmente denso devido ao tamanho
relativo de seu núcleo. A temperatura em sua superfície varia de 100 a 700&nbsp;K&nbsp;(−173&nbsp;°C a 427&nbsp;°C). O ponto
subsolar&nbsp;é a região
mais quente e o fundo das crateras perto dos&nbsp;polosas
regiões mais frias.

As primeiras&nbsp;observações&nbsp;registradas de Mercúrio datam pelo
menos do primeiro milênio antes de Cristo. Antes do século IV a.C., astrônomos
gregos acreditavam que se tratasse de dois objetos distintos: um visível no
nascer do sol, ao qual chamavam&nbsp;Apolo, e outro visível ao
pôr do Sol, chamado de Hermes.&nbsp;O nome em
português para o planeta provém da&nbsp;Roma Antiga,
onde o astro recebeu o nome do&nbsp;deus romano&nbsp;Mercúrio, que tinha na&nbsp;mitologia
grega&nbsp;o nome de&nbsp;Hermes&nbsp;(Ἑρμῆς). O&nbsp;símbolo astronômico&nbsp;de Mercúrio é uma versão estilizada do&nbsp;caduceu&nbsp;de Hermes.



Por: Pedro Henrique Izycki

Turma 61/2014&nbsp;