Gula ou Compulsão Alimentar?
Autor: Belisa A | Publicado: 2016-07-31T21:45:00-03:00



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De vez em quando, você come a mais mesmo sem
fome?&nbsp; Às vezes não resiste e “belisca” alguns
doces? Em algumas festas exagera na alimentação e se sente “empanturrado”?
Provavelmente para pelo menos uma dessas perguntas a maioria vai responder que
sim. São comportamentos que chamamos geralmente de “gula”. Mas, quando o “comer
a mais” passa a ser caracterizado não como gula e sim como Transtorno de
Compulsão Alimentar?&nbsp; 

Embora muitas
pessoas estejam sujeitas a episódios esporádicos de gula, a frequência, a forma
como eles são encarados e suas consequências podem indicar que se trata de
Transtorno de Compulsão Alimentar, que tem como característica a pessoa comer
em grande quantidade em um curto período, não tendo controle sobre o quanto se
come. 

Para caracterizar o
diagnóstico, tais episódios devem ocorrer pelo menos duas vezes por semana em
um período de seis meses consecutivos, sem comportamento de compensação para
evitar ganho de peso, por exemplo, vomitar ou usar laxante (características de
outro transtorno alimentar, a bulimia). 

Vale ressaltar que não
apenas pessoas obesas têm esse transtorno, magras –apesar de ser minoria-
também podem ter, e nem todas as pessoas que são obesas necessariamente tem
compulsão alimentar. Segue abaixo alguns possíveis sinais de Compulsão
Alimentar: 

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Ingerir frequentemente uma
quantidade excessiva de comida, mesmo sem fome;&nbsp;
&nbsp;
Só conseguir parar de comer
quando a comida acaba. Exemplo: Se tem uma caixa de bombons, come até esvaziar. Ou comer até se sentir desconfortavelmente
cheio.&nbsp;
&nbsp;&nbsp;
Comer escondido. Esconder hábitos
alimentares devido a vergonha e para evitar críticas, preferindo comer sozinho;

&nbsp;
Esconder comida (podendo esconder estoques
para quando sentir vontade) por vergonha e/ou por não querer dividir. Assim
como, esconder embalagens
vazias ou caixas de alimentos e gerar lixo em
excesso;
Ter a comida como centro das
atenções. É comum,
por exemplo, estar almoçando e pensando no que
vai lanchar à tarde, estar trabalhando pensando no que vai comer assim que puder
etc.; 
Mastigar e engolir muito
rápido. 
Comer para se sentir bem
emocionalmente. “Todo excesso esconde uma falta”: Então, a comida em excesso pode
servir para tentar ilusoriamente suprir uma sensação de vazio interior, pois na
verdade se trata de uma “fome emocional”, caracterizando muitas vezes uma falta
de sentido da vida, falta de amor próprio, podendo estar presente também a
depressão;&nbsp;
&nbsp;Além de depressão, é muito
comum a ansiedade e estresse; 
Sentir culpa após um episódio
de descontrole.&nbsp; É comum se criticar, sentir
remorso e repulsa das próprias atitudes.




·&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Normalmente a compulsão
alimentar está muito relacionada à baixa autoestima. Tanto como um dos
desencadeadores da patologia, como também consequência do comportamento, já que
a pessoa se culpa e se critica, pois sabe que precisa comer menos, mas não
consegue se controlar, e geralmente também está insatisfeita com o peso. Acaba virando
um círculo vicioso: A pessoa se sente mal e “desconta” na comida como uma
“válvula de escape”, e por agir dessa forma, sente-se pior ainda, então, em um
ato de autossabotagem (para se punir, -mesmo sem ter consciência disso- já que
fica com raiva de si) e/ou para não lidar com os problemas, evitando entrar em
contato com seus sentimentos e emoções, come mais ainda! Os pensamentos e
dificuldades giram em torno de tudo relacionado aos prazeres e dores que a
comida proporciona, ocultando assim as verdadeiras causas de suas angústias.
Para o tratamento ser mais eficaz é fundamental encontrar a raiz desse
sofrimento, que não é a comida, a compulsão, nem o peso, para isso a
psicoterapia ajuda muito. 

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Diferente da gula,
a compulsão alimentar é um transtorno que, como dito acima, não só TRAZ
sofrimento como também é um SINTOMA de sofrimento, que precisa ser identificado
e tratado. Para isso é recomendável ajuda de alguns profissionais e tratamentos
como: Psicoterapeuta, Nutricionista, Nutrólogo, Educador Físico, Endocrinologista,
Yoga e Acupuntura.&nbsp;