O transformador
Autor: 302's blog | Publicado: 2011-08-07T18:27:00-07:00

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No campo da eletricidade e eletromagnetismo, os primeiros passos para o desenvolvimento de uma tecnologia aplicada foram dados no início do século XIX, quando o físico Hans Christian Örsted observou que um fio de corrente elétrica age sobre a agulha de uma bússola. Com isso, percebe-se que há uma ligação entre magnetismo e eletricidade. Seguem-se as contribuições, dentre outros, de Michael Faraday; Alessandro Volta com a descoberta da pilha voltaica; André-Marie Ampère e Joseph Henry que descobriram que a corrente elétrica é induzida por mudanças no campo magnético.As aplicações práticas do eletromagnetismo começaram a aparecer durante o século XIX, quando Morse constrói o seu primeiro aparelho (1843), Bell realiza a primeira experiência de transmissão a distância da voz humana (1876) e Baudot apresenta o telégrafo impressor (1878). O transporte de energia à distância, realizado pele primeira vez em 1873, sofre um enorme desenvolvimento a partir de 1884 com a invenção do transformador.As cargas dos sistemas de distribuição aumentam quando Ferraris estuda as correntes polifásicas e Tesla concebe o motor de campo girante ou de indução (1885). No fim deste século, inicia-se a construção das primeiras centrais hidrelétricas, necessárias depois da invenção da lâmpada incandescente com filamento de carvão , mais tarde substituído pelo tungstênio (1904).Por volta de 1876, não se sabia como transmitir a energia elétrica gerada. A evolução dos conceitos sobre sistemas de potência foram definidos pela conhecida Guerra das Correntes travada por Thomas Edison e George Westinghouse Jr.Em 1882, Edison coloca em funcionamento um sistema de corrente contínua em Nova York e funda a empresa Edison Electric Company. Em 1885, George Westinghouse Jr. &nbsp;compra os direitos da patente de Goulard-Gibbs para construir transformadores de corrente alternada e encarrega William Stanley &nbsp;dessa tarefa. Stanley desenvolveu o primeiro modelo comercial do que, naquele momento, nomeou-se de transformador.O transformador possibilitava a elevação das tensões, o que sua corrente permitia, ao contrário da contínua de Edison, diminuindo as perdas na transmissão de energia elétrica.
Fontes: http://engenha.blogspot.com/2011/01/historia-do-transformador.html  
Postado por: Rafael Gobatto