Especialização Precoce
Autor: Grupo 41 | Publicado: 2012-06-24T18:45:00-07:00

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O que é?



De uma forma muito sintetizada, a
especialização precoce resume-se a uma “antecipação
do processo de especialização de uma modalidade, consistindo num aumento de exigência
e complexidade dos processos de treino, traduzidos num maior volume e
intensidade do mesmo.” (Duarte D. 2009)

Este fenómeno pode apresentar
várias consequências negativas para o atleta, entre as quais:

- Lesões
- Elevado desgaste físico, emocional e psicológico
- Incapacidade funcional e cognitiva
- Abandono escolar
- Abandono precoce da prática desportiva



Por
outras palavras, especialização precoce significa que um atleta está muito mais
desenvolvido (seja fisica, técnica ou taticamente) numa modalidade, muito mais
cedo que o normal, e portanto,
está num patamar superior ao dos seus colegas com a sua idade.
É importante salientar que nao devemos fortalecer estes acontecimentos, pois
devem sempre ser respeitadas as etapas de formação dos atletas além desse fato
não ser uma certeza deste jovem atleta vir a ser um atleta de alto rendimento
no futuro, apesar dos bons resultados nas fases iniciais da carreira.






&nbsp;

O
que podemos fazer para minimizar os efeitos:

- Respeitar
as etapas de formação dos atletas
- Treinos adaptados ao nível funcional e cognitivo dos jovens (não exigir
demasiado)
- Respeito pelos limites (físicos, psicológicos e cognitivos) dos atletas
- Salvaguardar a importância da escola
- Ouvir os atletas
- Gerir conflitos entre pais, atletas e treinador
- Respeitar a personalidade do atleta

Para
tentarmos evitar o abandono precoce do desporto, nós, treinadores, devemos
perceber o mais rápido possível os sintomas, como:

-
Problemas familiares (elevada exigência)
- Problemas sociais (treinador, colegas, escola)
- Selecção/Exclusão
- Dificuldades de aprendizagem e evolução
- Especialização precoce