Autor: Acadêmicos Faculdade Dom Bosco | Publicado: 2012-06-18T16:06:00-07:00











HISTÓRIA
DO KARATE



Originalmente
a palavra karatê&nbsp;era
escrita com os ideogramas ("mãos vazias") se referindo à dinastia
chinesa Tang ou, por extensão, a mão chinesa, refletindo a influência chinesa
nesse estilo de luta.

O karatê
é provavelmente uma mistura&nbsp; de uma arte de luta chinesa levada a
Okinawa por mercadores e marinheiros da província de Fujian com uma arte
própria de Okinawa. Os nativos de Okinawa chamam este estilo de Okinawa-te ("mão de
Okinawa"). Os estilos de caratê de Okinawa mais antigos são o Shuri-te, o Naha-te e o Tomari-te,
assim chamados de acordo com os nomes das três cidades em que eles foram
criados.

Em
1820 Sokon Matsumura fundiu os três estilos e criou o estilo shorin (pronuncia japonesa para a
palavra chinesa shaolin), que é
também a pronúncia dos ideogramas("pequeno" e "bosque"). O
nome shorin&nbsp;foi dado
posteriormente, por Choshin Chibana, ao estilo idealizado pelo mestre Mastumura. Entretanto os próprios
estudantes de Matsumura criaram novos estilos adicionando ou subtraindo
técnicas ao estilo original. Gichin Funakoshi, um estudante de um dos
discípulos de Matsumura, chamado Anko Itosu, foi a pessoa que introduziu e
popularizou o caratê nas ilhas principais do arquipélago japonês.

O
karatê de Funakoshi teve origem na versão de Itosu do estilo shorin-ryu de Matsumura que é
comumente chamado de shorei-ryu.
Posteriormente o estilo de Funakoshi foi chamado por outros de shotokan por seu apelido shoto; o kanji kan (?) significa prédio ou
construção, e portanto shotokan
significa "Prédio de Shoto". O estilo shotokan foi popularizado no Japão e introduzido nas escolas
secundárias antes da Segunda Guerra Mundial.

Como
muitas das artes marciais&nbsp;praticadas no Japão, o caratê
fez a sua transição para o karate-do
no início do século XX. O do em
karatê-do&nbsp;significa caminho&nbsp;, palavra que é análoga ao familiar
conceito de tao. Como foi
adotado na moderna cultura japonesa, o caratê está imbuído de certos elementos
do zen budismo, sendo que a prática do caratê algumas vezes é chamada de “zen
em movimento”. As aulas frequentemente começam e terminam com curtos períodos
de meditação. Também a repetição de movimentos, como a executada no kata, é consistente com a meditação
zen pretendendo maximizar o autocontrole, a atenção, a força e velocidade,
mesmo em condições adversas. A influência do zen nesta arte marcial depende
muito da interpretação de cada instrutor.

A modernização e sistematização do caratê no Japão também
incluiu a adoção do uniforme branco, o quimono (ou karategi) e de faixas coloridas indicadoras do estágio alcançado
pelo aluno, ambos criados e popularizados pelo&nbsp;fundador do judô, Jigoro
Kano. Fotos de antigos praticantes de caratê de Okinawa mostram os mestres em
roupas do dia-a-dia.

No final da Segunda Guerra mundial, o caratê se popularizou na
Coréia do Sul sob os nomes tangsudo
ou kongsudo que posteriormente
originou o taekwondo.





FUNDAMENTOS
FILOSÓFICOS

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Uma preocupação corrente nos
artigos sobre artes marciais é estabelecer uma diferenciação entre o
Karate-Jutso (a luta desvinculada da filosofia) e o Karate-Do (Freiberg, 1993),
ou entre ‘treinar com base filosófica e treinar somente para lutar, o que pode
produzir conseqüências diferentes “(Sasaki, 1989)”. O Karate pode ser perigoso
se utilizado para causar o mal. Os mestres sempre enfatizaram a reflexão e não
apenas a prática desprovida de teoria.Keizi (1990) nos diz que o treinamento do
Karate-Do visa a formação do ser humano, tanto no plano físico como no astral.
Educar o homem para estar em harmonia com seu próprio ser e com a sociedade.
Este é o verdadeiro sentido das Artes Marciais. A utilização do Kiai (grito
alto e forte para liberação de energia) e a prática da ajuda mútua, do
respeito, da compreensão e da aceitação das diferenças individuais nas aulas,
são defendidas como meios de alcançar alguns dos benefícios da prática de
Karate (Keizi, 1990). Lembrando que esses benefícios são alcançados em longo
prazo, através da prática constante e persistente. As pessoas necessitam de um
caminho para seguir, que motive e proporcione qualidade vida. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Assim como as artes, a música, as
religiões e as paixões, o Karate é uma maneira de ter objetivos definidos para
a busca da felicidade, estando sempre em constante aprimoramento, tanto como
esporte educacional quanto como esporte olímpico. Uma arte milenar, adaptada a
servir a sociedade nos dias de hoje. Para Nakaiama (1977) “O verdadeiro
objetivo do Karate-do é lutar em nome da justiça”.





ELEMENTOS TÉCNICOS DO KARATË

REI: cumprimento.

AREI: cumprimento
sentado.

Kihon:&nbsp;é a prática de técnicas fundamentais: bases,
defesas, socos, chutes.

Kata:&nbsp;são exercícios formais, executados de maneira
sequencial e pré-determinada,&nbsp;

representativos de um estilo de Karate.

No Shotokan são 26 katas: &nbsp; &nbsp;



1º: 5 chamados de HEIAN básicos.

2º: TEKKI sendo 3.

3º: os outros 18 são considerados katas
avançados.



&nbsp;KIAI:
grito liberado com o propósito de focalizar toda energia em um único momento -
manifestação de KI.

Kumite:&nbsp;é o combate propriamente dito. O kumite pode ser praticado em
vários níveis de dificuldade. Sendo eles:



·&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
Ippon kumite

·&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
Sanbon kumite

·&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
Gohon kumite

·&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
Ju ippon kumite&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 

·&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
Ju kumite

·&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
Shiai kumite



Base: TACHI.

Defesa: UKE WAZA.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 

Técnica de ataque: UCHI WAZA.

Técnica de soco: TSUKI WAZA.

Técnica de perna: ASHI WAZA.

Técnica de chute: KERI WAZA.



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<![endif]-->http://www.karatedobrasil.org.br/