Fármacos vasodilatadores
Autor: Lígia Martins | Publicado: 2011-10-05T17:48:00-07:00

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&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Os fármacos vasodilatadores são usados no tratamento da insuficiência cardíaca, da hipertensão e da angina. Eles reduzem o trabalho cardíaco. São divididos em vasodilatadores diretos, (antagonistas do cálcio, ativadores de canais de potássio, ativadores de ciclase e inibidores de fosfodiesterases), indiretos, (inibidores da renina, inibidores da ECA e sartanas), e de ação desconhecida, (hidralazina e etanol).&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Os antagonistas ativadores de canais de potássio aumentam a seletividade e a permeabilidade da membrana ao potássio. Alguns exemplos são: minoxidil, nicorandil, levosimendana, cromocalim e lamecalim. O minoxidil é usado para tratar hipertensão grave não-responsiva, pode causar hisurtismo, retenção de sal e água e taquicardia reflexa.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Dos ativadores da ciclase o mais importante é o nitroprussiato, usado apenas em emergências hipertensivas, pois o uso contínuo leva ao acumulo de tiocianato, fraqueza, náuseas e inibição da função da tireóide. A dopamina também é um ativador da ciclase.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; A sildenafila, a mitrinona, a anrinona, o cilostazol e o dipiridamol são inibidores de fosfodiesterase. O ciclostazol causa melhora sintomática em pacientes com doença vascular periférica. O dipiridamol é usado para prevenir AVC, mas pode causar angina.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; O enalquireno é um inibidor da renina, que diminui a atividade plasmática desta enzima.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; A hidralazina é usada no tratamento a curto prazo da hipertensão durante a gravidez. Pode causar taquicardia reflaxa, aumento do debito cardíaco e um distúrbio imunológico semelhante ao lúpus eritematoso sistêmico.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;