O Mate de Anastasia (Xeques Mates Famosos)
Autor: Mario Vaz Jr | Publicado: 2012-09-25T05:34:00-07:00




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O xeque MATE DE ANASTASIA tem como tema típico a posição
sobre o tabuleiro abaixo, onde o Cavalo estaria controlando as possíveis casas
de escape do Rei adversario.






















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O nome deste mate tem sua origem na novela "Anastasia e
o jogo de xadrez", do poeta alemão Wilhelm Heinse (1746-1803), onde um viajante
imaginário conta por meio de cartas suas experiências de viagem, que giram em
torno do jogo de xadrez,&nbsp; pela Itália.



Este mate ocorre com relativa freqüência após o sacrifício
de uma peça na casa “h7” (ou na casa “h2” quando o mate é realizado pelas
negras). Outro ponto importante no xeque mate da Anastásia é o fato de não
existir o peão branco da coluna “h”, de modo a deixar a coluna aberta para que
a Torre tenha o caminho livre para atuar. Além disso, as casas g8 e g6 devem
estar controladas pelo Cavalo para que o Rei negro não possa escapar por elas.



Este xeque mate aparece principalmente em partidas de
torneios em que os jogadores tenham realizados os roques em flancos opostos –
ou seja, as brancas realizaram o roque grande e as negras o roque curto, por
exemplo, ou vice-versa. No diagrama abaixo podemos ver o esquema básico deste
mate:





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Vejamos a sequencia de lances que deu a vitória às brancas,
no diagrama acima, em que o condutor das peças brancas arremata a partida de
uma forma contundente seguindo o esquema do Mate de Anastasia: 1.Ce7+ Rh8 2.Dxh7+!
Rxh7 3.Th1++ Dh4 4.Txh4++ e temos o mate do tema!




No diagrama a seguir temos outra posição interessante tirada
de uma partida de xadrez entre um enxadrista amador e o jogador alemão Kurt
Richter, um dos criadores da variante Richter-Rauzer da defesa siciliana. Como
podemos observar Richter, com as peças negras, tinha a sua Dama cravada, mas a
aplicação pratica do xeque mate da Anastásia permitiu que ele conquistasse a
vitoria.








Vejamos a sequencia de lances que deu a vitória às negras:1...Ce2+ 2.Rh1 Txh2+!
3.Rxh2 Th8+ 4.Dh6 Txh6+ 5.Axh6 Dxh6++ e temos o mate do tema!



Outros exemplos práticos do mate de Anastasia





1)
Meo - Guistolisi (Roma, 1969) : jogam as negras e ganham









RESPOSTA:&nbsp;1...Ce2+ 2.Rh1 Dxh2+ 3.Rxh2 Th4++




2) Torre - Ribli (Alicante, 1983) : jogam as brancas e
ganham


RESPOSTA: &nbsp;

1. Cg6!
hxg6 [a melhor resposta para as negras era perder a qualidade jogando
1...Cc6; mas depois de 2.Cxf8 Rxf8 3.De6 a vantagem das brancas é clara e devem ganhar sem problemas]



2.De6+ Df7 [Se
2...Rh7 3.Tf3 g5 4.Th3+ Rg6 5.Ce7+ e as negras devem sacrificar a
Dama para evitar o mate; Se 2...Tf7 3.Dxe8+ Tf8 4.Ce7+ e as negras
devem sacrificar de novo a Dama para evitar o mate]



3.Ce7+ Rh7 4.Td3!! [e o mate é inevitável]



4...Dxe6 [Se
4...Rh6 5.Th3+ Rg5 6.De3+ seguido de mate]



5.Th3++

By José Pérez