DESCONSIDERAÇÃO DA PERSONALIDADE JURÍDICA INVERSA
Autor: Bethania Bosi | Publicado: 2012-10-08T08:19:00-07:00

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A
formalização de uma empresa tem como principal desdobramento a criação de uma
personalidade jurídica que distingue a empresa das pessoas dos seus sócios. A
personalidade jurídica, portanto, é um artifício legal para tornar a empresa,
por si só, detentora de direitos e de obrigações. A função primordial dessa
ficção jurídica é blindar e separar o patrimônio dos sócios frente às obrigações
legais assumidas pela empresa.



Infelizmente,
essa benesse jurídica muitas vezes pode ser manipulada para ocultar fraudes,
simulações e até crimes. Muitos empresários se servem da personalidade jurídica
para cometer verdadeiros abusos de direito. É nesses casos que a Justiça vem
aplicando o que se chama de ‘Desconsideração da Personalidade Jurídica’ que
consiste em uma busca pela verdade real. Em outras palavras, a desconsideração
afasta o manto da personalidade jurídica para atingir bens pessoais dos sócios antes
inatingíveis pela faceta da sociedade.



Também
é possível a tomada do caminho inverso, isto é, quando bens da sociedade são
atingidos por conta de obrigações pessoais de um sócio. Esse recurso também é
conhecido como a ‘Desconsideração da Personalidade Jurídica Inversa’. A
desconsideração inversa se dá porque o sócio se vale da empresa para mascarar a
própria vida patrimonial. Alguns empresários deliberadamente não possuem bens
em seu nome, nem dinheiro o bastante para o pagamento de débito. Esta opção é
bastante utilizada no caso de execução de alimentos.



Nos
dois casos, a desconsideração da personalidade jurídica será facilmente aplicada
se ficar explícita a utilização de artifício para esconder bens de credores. Frente
às inúmeras decisões dos principais tribunais do país é quase possível afirmar
que houve uma banalização do instituto da desconsideração. Por isso, vale a
pena procurar um advogado de sua confiança para receber orientações corretas
para evitar a confusão patrimonial.