Citania de Santa Luzia em Viana do Castelo
Autor: Marjori Lotufo | Publicado: 2012-09-12T17:52:00-03:00

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Localizado em Viana do castelo, logo atrás da catedral de
Santa Luzia, Citânia foi um povoado fortificado , com ocupação contínua entre
os períodos da Idade do Ferro e Romanização e estava em uma posição
geograficamente estratégica. Com um vasto ângulo de visibilidade possibilitava
condições únicas de defesa, controle dos caminhos, vales , navegação marítima e
fluvial. As ruínas, também conhecidas como Cidade Velha de Santa Luzia, são
conhecidas desde o século XVII.&nbsp; As
primeiras escavações feitas por Possidónio da Silva , datam de 1876, mas o
conjunto urbanístico e arquitetônico visível atualmente deve-se ao trabalho
arqueológico efetuado em 1902 por Albano Belino.

De toda sua área, encontra-se apenas descoberta cerca de um
terço, tendo sido destruída uma parte significativa do povoado pela construção
do Hotel de Santa Luzia e as ruas de acesso.












As estruturas habitacionais encontram-se organizadas em
bairros ou quarteirôes, demarcados por muros divisórios e caminhos de
circulação definidos, sendo alguns lajeados. As habitações visíveis são de
planta circular, com ou sem vestíbulo e retangulares. As entradas das casas
estão geralmente orientadas para o sudoeste e sudeste de modo a protegê-las das
águas pluviais e dos ventos. O piso das habitações é o solo natural, às vezes
aproveitando a própria pedra ou rocha ou um pavimemnto de terra argilosa batida
ou saibro. As lareiras e fornos em diferentes áreas do povoado,. Santa Luzia
possuía três linhas de muralhas servidas por um caminho de ronda, reforçadas
por fortes torrôes e dois fossos que asseguravam a defesa do povoado. O acesso
às muralhas era feito por uma escadaria, ainda presente na face interna da
muralha.. os hábitos alimentares e o aproveitamento dos recursos naturais&nbsp; encontram-se registrados em vários textos de
autores antigos, nomeadamente de Estrabão. As descrições e os vestígios
existentes dos materiais são pré-romanos e apontam para uma economia pastoril e
agrícola com recolocação de frutos naturais como castanhas ou bolotas.&nbsp; Havia necessidade de fabricação de
instrumentos e utensílios de trabalho e armamento. Em paralelo desenvolveram
atividades artesanais como a cerâmica, a metalurgia, a fiação e tecelagem.