Equinodermos
Autor: Ohana, Isabella e Amanda Cunha | Publicado: 2012-08-22T15:54:00-07:00

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CARACTERÍSTICAS: 



-&nbsp; Exemplos

Representantes: Estrelas-do-mar, Bolachas-da-praia,
Lírios-do-mar, Serpentes-do-mar.

- Triblásticos 
Apresentam três folhetos embrionários:
ectoderme, mesoderme e endoderme. 


- Deuterostômicos

Blastóporo da gástrula
origina o ânus, enquanto a boca surgirá de outra cavidade do embrião,
característica compartilhada com os cordados.



- Celomados

Esta característica é compartilhada com os
cordados. : (Enterocelomados: celoma origina-se por bolsas do intestino que
migra para o espaço entre a ectoderme e a endoderme; celoma verdadeiro).



- Endoesqueleto interno

&nbsp;As estruturas do endoesqueleto são de origem
mesodérmica, uma característica compartilhada com os cordados.



- Sistema ambulacrário
Que
funciona como sistema circulatório, excretor e respiratório e ainda auxilia na
movimentação do animal.






- Características Gerais
Simetria bilateral primária e radial
secundária como uma adaptação ao ambiente turbulento. As larvas têm simetria
bilateral e ao longo do desenvolvimento mudam essa simetria para a simetria
radial (secundária) como uma adaptação ao ambiente turbulento (com ondas).&nbsp;



Modo de vida: todos apresentam vida livre ou
predadores ou ainda detritívoros. 

Reprodução: são organismos dióicos,
fecundação externa (gametas são liberados na água)

Ovo dá origem a uma larva ciliada
(desenvolvimento indireto).

Sistema nervoso do tipo anel nervoso ao redor
do esôfago, de onde partem nervos radiais para todos os braços. &nbsp;

Sistema digestório completo que em alguns
casos é invertido (lançado para o exterior) para dentro da presa (conchas de
moluscos) onde secreta enzimas digestivas e absorve os nutrientes.

Apresentam células sensoriais (táteis e
olfativas) espalhadas por todo o corpo; e células fotorreceptoras nas
extremidades dos braços.

Regeneração: apesar de ser bem evoluído esse
grupo de animais apresenta alta taxa de regeneração, um braço pode regenerar o
organismo inteiro. 


- Divisão do filo


O filo dos equinodermos apresenta-se dividido
em cinco classes:

Classe Crinoidea (Crinóidea): ex.: Lírios do
mar

Classe Ophiuroidea (Ofiuróidea): ex.:
serpentes-do-mar

Classe Asteroidea (Asteróidea): ex.:
estrelas-do-mar

Classe Echinoidea (Equinóidea): ex.:
ouriços-do-mar&nbsp; &nbsp;

Classe Holothuroidea (Holoturóidea): ex.: pepinos-do-mar