A exploração marítima e suas consequências ambientais e geopolíticas
Autor: Navegantes Internacionais | Publicado: 2011-12-03T16:19:00-08:00

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Perigos da exploração petrolífera: alguns casos brasileiros
Por: Victor de Souza Goes

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Como exposto anteriormente, existe uma grande expectativa do Brasil perante as atividades na camada Pré-sal. Entretanto, as explorações petrolíferas, como também já exposto anteriormente, podem trazer riscos enormes e imprevisíveis, tanto para o meio ambiente marítimo como para a vida das pessoas as quais trabalham em alto-mar. Pode-se lembrar, por exemplo do acidente da plataforma P-36 da Petrobras, em 2001, a mesma empresa que encabeça as pesquisas da Pré-sal:


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 <![endif]-->  &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Não se pode esquecer, da mesma forma, do recente desastre ocorrido em uma plataforma da empresa americana Chevron, o qual, embora não tenha sido responsável por nenhuma vítima humana, causou um prejuízo ambiental extremamente relevante na costa brasileira. Para mais detalhes, pode-se consultar o que foi publicado no site Uol Notícias no dia 23 de novembro sobre o caso: &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; O secretário estadual do Ambiente do Rio de Janeiro, Carlos Minc, informou hoje (23) que apenas duas remessas de cerca de 250 mil litros e 135 mil litros de óleo (juntamente com água e ar) puderam ser retiradas do oceano depois do vazamento na Bacia de Campos, norte do Rio. Segundo ele, a maior parte do petróleo já se dispersou no oceano.“Em aproximadamente um mês e meio, bolas de piche vão estar pipocando nas praias do litoral, resultado do óleo mais grosso que se agrupa em pelotas. O resto foi dissolvido e acabou entrando no ecossistema, e é exatamente isso que estamos analisando para avaliar o tamanho do dolo.”Para o oceanógrafo David Zee, da Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (Uerj), a base da cadeia alimentar marinha da região foi severamente prejudicada.

“Existe a depressão da capacidade de produção de biomassa, parte dela alimento, e isso representa um custo ambiental, olhando muito mais a questão do aproveitamento humano. Além disso, há uma fração do óleo que se impregna na coluna d'água transferindo grande parte das substâncias tóxicas, causando malefício para a vida marinha.”Zee, que também está trabalhando como perito da Polícia Federal na apuração das causas do acidente ocorrido no dia 8 deste mês, criticou a demora na contenção do vazamento e a falta de equipamentos para evitar a dispersão do óleo.“Nas primeiras 48 horas, 30% do petróleo que vaza se evapora, poluindo a atmosfera, e em 72 horas o restante se espalha rapidamente. Por isso, o primeiro procedimento é não deixar espalhar o óleo, para retirá-lo, mas como, infelizmente, não utilizaram barreiras flutuantes de contenção, o próprio clima, as ondas e o vento trataram de espalhar esse óleo”, explicou o oceanógrafo.O pesquisador ponderou que a fração do óleo que não é degradável, que fica permanentemente na coluna de água ou se deposita no fundo do mar, ainda pode chegar à costa do sudeste brasileiro. “Se houver uma mudança do quadro de clima, efetivamente pode ser uma ameaça e chegar ao litoral fluminense. O quadro climático e oceanográfico são favoráveis para essa não aproximação, mas quando chegar o calor e o vento leste, a ressurgência tem maior possibilidade de acontecer e ela pode levar para a costa do Rio de Janeiro.”
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Pode-se observar, pela imagem abaixo, a proporção desse desastre ocorrido recentemente. &nbsp;Fonte:http://veja.abril.com.br/noticia/economia/exploracao-de-petroleo-ocorre-sem-fiscalizacao-alerta-defensor-publico. Acesso em: 02 de Dez. de 2011



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Referências: Uol Notícias – “Petróleo disperso no oceano afeta severamente base da cadeia alimentar marinha, diz oceanógrafo”. Disponível em: &lt;http://noticias.uol.com.br/cotidiano/2011/11/23/petroleo-disperso-no-oceano-afeta-severamente-base-da-cadeia-alimentar-maritima-diz-oceanografo.jhtm&gt;. Acesso em: 01 de Dez. de 2011.
“Acidente na plataforma P-36 da Petrobras” – Retirado de:&nbsp;&lt;http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kx6WIG7ygdI&amp;feature=related&gt;. Acesso em: 01 de Dez. de 2011.