Prova de Física - (29/08/11)
Autor: Anthony Fugi | Publicado: 2011-08-26T14:08:00-07:00

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Essa é a matéria que vai cair na prova de física...
O que cai?
GasesTermodinâmicaMáquinas TérmicasMotor quatro tempos
Gases:
Teoria cinética dos gases:
Moléculas esféricasRaio desprezívelMovimento brownianoMoléculas com velocidades diferentesAusência de força intramolecularColidem entre si e as moléculas do recipienteColisões elásticas (sem perda de energia)
Gases perfeitos:Variáveis de estado:
Pressão (N/m² = Pa, atm, cmHg)Volume (m³/L)Temperatura (K)
Equação de Clapeyron:
P.V=n.R.TPressão . volume = mol . temperatura
Temperatura Geral dos Gases:
P.V = n.R&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; P0.V0 = P1.V1&nbsp; T&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; T0&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; T1
Transformações especiais:
Isobárica = ignora a pressão na formula geralIsotérmica = ignora a temperatura na formula geralIsovolumétrica = ignora o volume na formula geral
Termodinâmica:
Trabalho termodinâmico:W = F.d
Para os gases o trabalho é calculado dessa forma:W = P.(delta)VPortanto um gás só realiza trabalho quando seu volume aumenta.
Nas transformações isocóricas (isovolumétricas), o gás não sofre nem realiza trabalho.
O trabalho pode também ser calculado em forma de gráfico. Calculando a área.
Energia Interna (U):
U = TSe T aumenta = (delta) U aumentaSe T diminui = (delta) U diminuiSe T isotérmica = (delta) U = 0
U = 3/2 . n . R . T&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;U = 3/2 . P . V
1ª Lei da termodinâmica:
Q = W + (delta) U
Transformações especiais:
Isotérmica = (delta) U = 0Isobárica = linha reta no gráfico, não altera a formula.Isovolumétrica ou isocórica = W = 0Adiabática =Q = 0
Transformações cíclicas:
No gráfico fica algo que não tem fim, é um ciclo. Seu W pode ser determinado por área grande – área pequena.
Máquinas Térmicas:
Para haver uma máquina térmica precisa ter uma fonte quente e uma fonte fria. Essa máquina térmica mais desviar o calor transmitido da fonte quente para fonte fria.
Rendimento (N):N = W/Q1&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;ou &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;N = 1 - Q2/Q1
Também existe as máquinas frias que em vez de desviar calor ela produz calor.É usado para máquinas frias: E = T2/T1-T2
Ciclo de Carnot:
São duas transformações adiabáticas e duas isotérmicas, podem ser ante horário e horário.Para Carnot N = 1 – T1/T2
2ª Lei da termodinâmica:
É impossível uma máquina, trabalhando em ciclos, transformar 100% do calor recebido em trabalho.Impossível N = 100%
Motor quatro Tempos:
1º tempo: Admitir2º tempo: Comprimir3º tempo: Explosão4º tempo: Escape
Espero ter ajudado.@anthonyfugi