Embolia
Autor: Patoloblogger | Publicado: 2012-06-21T22:09:00-07:00

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A embolia é um processo de
oclusão total ou
parcial de um vaso sanguíneo por um
corpo sólido (êmbolo)
ou por uma substância gasosa (bolha de
ar). Ocorre, sobretudo,
nos vasos onde a velocidade do sangue
é menor e que apresentam menor calibre, como os capilares
e as vênulas, podendo, no entanto, também
surgir em vasos de grande calibre e
fluxo sanguíneo abundante,
como as artérias.

&nbsp;


Os êmbolos podem ter várias origens,
sendo, geralmente, coágulos
formados a partir de trombos, que surgem,
por exemplo, em
acamados de longa
duração ou em pacientes com tromboflebite. Podem ainda surgir a
partir de gotas de gordura resultantes de fraturas ósseas ou,
raramente, serem parasitas
intravasculares. As bolhas
de ar surgem,
sobretudo, devido a intervenções cirúrgicas. 


A predisposição para a ocorrência de
embolias pode ser
aumentada pela ocorrência
de fatores que levem à diminuição do
calibre dos vasos
sanguíneos, como o
depósito de colesterol,
por exemplo.
&nbsp;

A gravidade de
uma embolia está
associada ao local onde ela ocorre e ao tempo e à
percentagem de obstrução.
As mais graves são as embolias das
artérias coronárias, que
irrigam o coração, as embolias pulmonares, que podem provocar a
morte por falta de oxigenação, e as
embolias cerebrais, suscetíveis de conduzir a
apoplexias. A obstrução
das artérias femural e humeral pode provocar a gangrena dos
membros, respectivamente, inferiores e superiores.