MVPN - Inter-AS Opção A
Autor: Bruno Barata | Publicado: 2011-10-26T13:20:00-02:00

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 <![endif]-->  1 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Multicast VPN  The Multicast VPN Inter-AS Support feature was implemented in the Cisco IOS software in accordance to the following requirements:  •To achieve parity with unicast inter-AS support, the Cisco IOS software must support the following inter-AS options for MVPN (as defined in RFC 4364):  –Option A—Back-to-back VPN routing and forwarding (VRF) instances at the Autonomous System Border Router (ASBR) provider edge (PE) routers  The Option A model assumes direct connectivity between PE routers of different autonomous systems. The PE routers are attached by multiple physical or logical interfaces, each of which is associated with a given VPN (through a VRF instance). Each PE router, therefore, treats the adjacent PE router like a customer edge (CE) router, and the standard Layer 3 MPLS VPN mechanisms are used for route redistribution with each autonomous system; that is, the PEs use exterior BGP (eBGP) to distribute unlabeled IPv4 addresses to each other.  Note Option A allows service providers to isolate each autonomous system from the other, which provides better control over routing exchanges and security between the two networks. Option A, however, is considered the least scalable of all the inter-AS connectivity options.  MVPN Inter-AS Support for Option A  The limitations that prevented support for MVPN inter-AS support Options B and C have never applied to Option A for the following reasons:  •For Option A, native IP forwarding is used by the PE routers between autonomous systems; therefore, Option A does not require support for inter-AS MDTs.  •For Option A, the MDT is limited to one autonomous system; therefore, the issues associated with managing MDT group addresses between autonomous systems and RPF for inter-AS sources never applied to Option A.  Note Because Option A requires that one physical or logical interface be configured for each VRF, Option A is considered the least scalable MVPN inter-AS solution.     2 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Cenário  2.1&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Objetivo  Oito roteadores (CE1, PE11, P11, PE12, PE22, P21, PE21 e CE2) são conectados formando dois backbones com 3 roteadores e um CE conectado. Pede-se:  •&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; O protocolo de roteamento de backbone PE11-P11-PE12 e do backbone PE21-P21-PE22 deverá ser o OSPF na área 0 com todas as interfaces divulgadas, com mBGP entre os PE’s e LDP no AS 1 para tráfego das vpns VRFs;  •&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; O CE1 deverá pertencer a VRF BLUE e o CE2 deverá pertencer a VRF RED. Deverá existir conectividade entre esses CEs usando a conexão entre os PEs PE2 e PE3 com Inter-AS Opção A;  •&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Deverá ser habilitado o multicast dentro da VRF BLUE com conectividade entre os CEs.  •&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; O MDT do AS 1 deverá ser 224.1.1.1 e do AS 2 deverá ser 224.2.2.2;  •&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Deverá ser usado o SSM para envio de tráfego Multicast dentro dos backbones;  •&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; O RP da VRF deverá ser o CE1 estaticamente;  •&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; O CE1 é source de 224.3.3.3 e o CE2 é cliente deste grupo.  2.2&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Topologia2.3&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; IOS utilizados  •&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; CE1, PE1, P1, PE2, PE3, P2, PE4 e CE2 – c7200-k91p-mz.122-25.S15.bin  2.4&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Configuração dos Roteadores  2.4.1&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Configurações do ISIS do Backbone  Em todos os roteadores configura-se o roteamento ISIS adicionando o endereçamento NET de acordo com a área designada e endereçamento de loopback. Dentro das interfaces que farão parte do ISIS, adiciona-se o comando “ip router isis” para habilitar o ISIS na interface. Por padrão, todos os roteadores farão vizinhança L1/L2.  A configuração da métrica wide, maior que 63, é feita dentro do processo de roteamento pelo comando “default metric-style wide”.  2.4.2&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Configurações do OSPF do Backbone  Em todos os roteadores configura-se o roteamento OSPF pelo comando “router ospf ” onde o “processo” é um numero do processo OSPF. O roteador também possui um router ID único que geralmente é a interface loopback ou então o maior endereço IP do roteador.  Para adicionar interfaces deve-se usar o comando “network   área ”. Um roteador pode ter interfaces em áreas distintas, define-se cada área pelo comando network.  Para o roteador fazer vizinhança OSPF é necessário que a rede da interface esteja no comando “network” e a interface não esteja configurada como “passive-interface”.  2.4.3&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Configurações do MPLS  Antes de qualquer configuração, o Cisco Express forwarding deve ser habilitado com o comando “ip cef”. Para habilitar o MPLS no modo LDP, usa-se o comando global “mpls label protocol ldp”.  2.4.4&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Configuração do MBGP  Para estabelecer uma VPN é necessário configurar o MBGP para a troca de informações de prefixos de VPN. Pode-se somente configurar o MBGP nos roteadores PEs da rede que possuem conexão com os CEs, ou seja, conectados diretamente aos sites.  O MBGP funciona como o BGP, configura-se em todos os roteadores pelo comando “router bgp ” onde o “AS” é o Autonomous System do backbone. Dentro da configuração de BGP adicionam-se os vizinhos estaticamente com o comando “neighbor  remote-as ”.  Adiciona-se o IP da interface loopback como Router-ID pelo comando “bgp router-id ”.   Como os roteadores dentro do mesmo AS não divulgarão as rotas IBGP entre eles, faz-se o full-mesh de conexão MBGP ou configuram-se os roteadores centrais como Router-reflectors adicionando os demais roteadores como clientes pelo comando “neighbor  router-reflector-client”.  O MBGP é configurado dentro do protocolo BGP, porém deve-se separar a família de roteamento com o comando “address-family vpnv4”. Para o envio de prefixos das VPNs, deve-se habilitar o envio de community extendida com o comando “neighbor  send-community extended”.  Todos os recursos como route-map, next-hop-self, router-reflector, etc. podem ser configurados dentro da família VPNv4 para manipular ou resolver problemas de roteamento.  2.4.5&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Criando uma VPN VRF no BGP  Após todos os roteadores PEs da rede possuem conectividade MBGP, ou diretamente ou por router-reflector, cria-se a VPN com o comando “ip vrf ”, dentro desse comando ficam os parâmentros de marcação da VPN e das communities associadas aos prefixos daquela VPN. Configura-se o Route-Distinguisher da VPN, que deve ser único na rede, com comando “rd :”, e também cria-se a&nbsp; community que será exportada para aqueles prefixos de rede com o comando “route-target  :”, onde “import” significa importar as rotas e “export” exportar as rotas.  Cria-se então uma address-family dentro do BGP com o comando “address-family ipv4 vrf ” com o mesmo nome da VPN criada no “ip vrf” fora do roteamento BGP. Dentro dessa address-family são configuradas as redes que serão redistribuídas para os outros sites. Para divulgar as redes é necessário que a rede exista na tabela de roteamento interna e, ou adicionar o comando “network  mask ” ou redistribuindo rotas para o MBGP com o comando “redistribute ”, que pode ser vinculado à um route-map para definir exatamente as rotas que serão divulgadas de um protocolo para outros sites.  Enfim, para que uma interface conectada ao CE faça parte da VPN BGP, usa-se o comando “ip vrf forwarding ” dentro da interface.  2.4.6&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Configuração do Inter-AS Opção A  A opção A do Inter-AS usa uma conexão com o backbone do outro AS como se fosse uma conexão com outro CE. O backbone não percebe a existência de um outro AS, tudo fica transparente. Caso seja usada mais de uma VPN, usa-se interfaces lógicas para a conexão.  2.4.7&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Configuração do Multicast no Backbone para suporte à VPN SSM  É necessário configurar o roteamento multicast no roteador com o comando “ip multicast-routing” e também dentro das VPNs com o comando “ip multicast-routing vrf ” aplicado nos PEs.  Deve-se criar o RP da VRF que deve ser configurado nos PEs com o comando “ip pim vrf  rp-address ”.  Para definir o escopo do Souce Specific Multicast usa-se uma ACL definindo o escopo e aplica-a no comando “ip pim ssm range ”. O escopo padrão é 232/8  2.4.8&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Configuração do Multicast na VPN  Antes de configurar o PIM é necessário configurar o roteamento multicast no roteador com o comando “ip multicast-routing”. No PIM a configuração para o sparse mode é feita a configuração “ip pim sparse-mode” nas interfaces com os roteadores que trafegam multicast. O Sparse mode necessita de um Rendevouz Point.  &nbsp;A configuração de Rendevouz Point estático é feita pelo comando “ip pim rp-address ”.  2.4.9&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Configurações do IGMP  O IGMP é configurado em todas as interfaces que estão com o multicast PIM configurado. Caso algum host conectado ao roteador enviar um trafego de “join multicast” o roteador automaticamente passará para o Source daquele grupo, caso exista.  Nesse exemplo pode-se utilizar o comando “ip igmp join-group ” para enviar uma solicitação de join no grupo multicast.  2.5&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Observações e Bugs  https://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/ios/12_0s/feature/guide/iasmcvpn.html#wp1090906  3 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Configuração  3.1&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; CE1    !ip cef!ip multicast-routing !interface FastEthernet1/0&nbsp;description PE1&nbsp;ip address 10.10.10.1 255.255.255.0&nbsp;ip pim sparse-mode!router rip&nbsp;version 2&nbsp;network 10.0.0.0!ip pim rp-address 10.10.10.1!  3.2&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; PE1    !ip cef!ip multicast-routing !ip multicast-routing vrf BLUE!ip vrf BLUE&nbsp;rd 1:1&nbsp;route-target export 1:1&nbsp;route-target import 1:1&nbsp;mdt default 224.1.1.1!interface Loopback0&nbsp;ip address 1.1.1.1 255.255.255.255&nbsp;ip pim sparse-mode!interface FastEthernet0/0&nbsp;description P11&nbsp;ip address 12.12.12.1 255.255.255.0&nbsp;ip pim sparse-mode&nbsp;mpls ip!interface FastEthernet1/0&nbsp;description CE1 vrf BLUE&nbsp;ip vrf forwarding BLUE&nbsp;ip address 10.10.10.2 255.255.255.0&nbsp;ip pim sparse-mode!router ospf 1&nbsp;router-id 1.1.1.1&nbsp;network 1.1.1.1 0.0.0.0 area 0&nbsp;network 12.12.12.1 0.0.0.0 area 0!router rip&nbsp;address-family ipv4 vrf BLUE&nbsp;redistribute bgp 1 metric 1&nbsp;network 10.0.0.0&nbsp;no auto-summary&nbsp;version 2!router bgp 1&nbsp;bgp router-id 1.1.1.1&nbsp;bgp log-neighbor-changes&nbsp;neighbor 2.2.2.2 remote-as 1&nbsp;neighbor 2.2.2.2 update-source Loopback0!&nbsp;address-family vpnv4&nbsp;neighbor 2.2.2.2 activate&nbsp;neighbor 2.2.2.2 send-community both&nbsp;exit-address-family&nbsp;!&nbsp;address-family ipv4 vrf BLUE&nbsp;redistribute rip!ip bgp-community new-formatip pim ssm range 1ip pim vrf BLUE rp-address 10.10.10.1!!access-list 1 permit 224.1.1.1!ip pim ssm range 1ip pim vrf BLUE rp-address 10.10.10.1!access-list 1 permit 224.1.1.1!  3.3&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; P1    !ip cef!ip multicast-routing !mpls label protocol ldp!!!interface Loopback0&nbsp;ip address 100.100.100.100 255.255.255.255&nbsp;ip pim sparse-mode!interface FastEthernet0/0&nbsp;description PE12&nbsp;ip address 23.23.23.2 255.255.255.0&nbsp;ip pim sparse-mode&nbsp;mpls ip!interface FastEthernet1/0&nbsp;description PE11&nbsp;ip address 12.12.12.2 255.255.255.0&nbsp;ip pim sparse-mode&nbsp;mpls ip!router ospf 1&nbsp;router-id 100.100.100.100&nbsp;network 12.12.12.2 0.0.0.0 area 0&nbsp;network 23.23.23.2 0.0.0.0 area 0&nbsp;network 100.100.100.100 0.0.0.0 area 0!!ip pim ssm range 1!access-list 1 permit 224.1.1.1!  3.4&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; PE2    !ip cef!ip multicast-routing !ip multicast-routing vrf BLUE!ip vrf BLUE&nbsp;rd 1:1&nbsp;route-target export 1:1&nbsp;route-target import 1:1&nbsp;mdt default 224.1.1.1!
interface Loopback0&nbsp;ip address 2.2.2.2 255.255.255.255&nbsp;ip pim sparse-mode!interface FastEthernet0/0&nbsp;description PE22&nbsp;ip vrf forwarding BLUE&nbsp;ip address 30.30.30.3 255.255.255.0&nbsp;ip pim sparse-mode!interface FastEthernet1/0&nbsp;description P11&nbsp;ip address 23.23.23.3 255.255.255.0&nbsp;ip pim sparse-mode&nbsp;mpls label protocol ldp&nbsp;mpls ip!router ospf 1&nbsp;router-id 2.2.2.2&nbsp;network 2.2.2.2 0.0.0.0 area 0&nbsp;network 23.23.23.3 0.0.0.0 area 0!router rip&nbsp;address-family ipv4 vrf BLUE&nbsp;redistribute bgp 1 metric 1&nbsp;network 30.0.0.0&nbsp;no auto-summary&nbsp;version 2!router bgp 1&nbsp;no synchronization&nbsp;bgp router-id 2.2.2.2&nbsp;neighbor 1.1.1.1 remote-as 1&nbsp;neighbor 1.1.1.1 update-source Loopback0!&nbsp;address-family vpnv4&nbsp;neighbor 1.1.1.1 activate&nbsp;neighbor 1.1.1.1 send-community both!&nbsp;address-family ipv4 vrf BLUE&nbsp;redistribute rip!ip pim ssm range 1ip pim vrf BLUE rp-address 10.10.10.1!!access-list 1 permit 224.1.1.1!