AULA DO DIA 10/09/2012
Autor: DR4AB34 | Publicado: 2012-09-10T20:27:00-07:00

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RESPONSABILIDADE CIVIL



7) Dano Patrimonial e Dano Moral

--&gt; Patrimonial: atinge os bens da
pessoa

--&gt; Moral (extrapatrimonial):
atinge a dignidade, a honra, ou seja, os Direitos da personalidade.

--&gt; Há possibilidade de cumulação
das modalidades. Patrimônio: pleiteia ressarcimento. Moral: pleiteia reparação.
Súmula 37 STF e Art. 5º, V e X, CF.

--&gt; O dano pode ser Direto ou
Indireto (chamado dono de ricochete), ou seja, atinge uma pessoa e
indiretamente um terceiro. Ex: Marido que paga pensão a esposa.

--&gt; O dano Material rege-se pelo
Art. 402 CC, dano emergente (perdeu) e lucro cessante (que deixo de ganhar).

--&gt; O dano Moral também atinge a
honra objetiva (aquilo que as pessoas pensam) sobre o individuo. Por isso, as
pessoas jurídicas podem pleitear o ressarcimento pelo Dano Moral (bom nome,
conceito na sociedade).

--&gt; Para calcular o dano Moral o
Brasil não adota o sistema aberto pelo juiz em cada caso concreto (Art. 944/946
CC).



8) Culpa e Risco

--&gt; Dever de Indenizar

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 1. Ação ou omissão 

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 2. Culpa do agente

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 3. Relação de causalidade

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;4. Dano sofrido pela última

--&gt; O autor, para afastar o dever
de indenizar pode alegar: 

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
* Agir de maneira prudente e diligente – afastar o nexo causal;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
&nbsp;* A vítima não sofreu qualquer prejuízo
moral o patrimônio – afasta o dano. 

Obs.: O CC adota a teoria da culpa
(Responsabilidade subjetiva)

Obs.: Há exceções no CC, adotando a
teoria do risco (Responsabilidade objetiva), pois a atividade desenvolvida
pode, por sua natureza causar danos a terceiros. Ex.: Usinas Nucleares.



9) Nexo de Causalidade

&nbsp;&nbsp;
*O primeiro pressuposto a ser analisado para que se conclua sobre a
responsabilidade Jurídica. 

--&gt; Não basta o ato e o dano
devendo haver a relação de causa e efeito (liame).

--&gt; A omissão caracteriza-se quando
é imposto ao agente se dever Jurídico de agir.

Ex.: vigilância presidiária.



&nbsp;
*-----------------Nexo causal-----------------*

Conduta &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Resultado



--&gt;Responsabilidade Objetiva: NC =
CONDUTA

--&gt; Responsabilidade Subjetiva: NC
= CULPA





Teoria das penas




Regime inicial de cumprimento
da pena




Critérios: 


·&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
Natureza
da Pena



- Reclusão - pode ser em qualquer
regime

- Detenção – não pode ter como regime
inicial o fechado




·&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
Quantidade
da Pena&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

&nbsp; 

--&gt;Art.
33 § 2º, CP






·&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
Natureza
do Crime



--&gt;Todos iniciam em regime fechado:

&nbsp;&nbsp;
- Crimes hediondos

&nbsp;
&nbsp;- Tráfico de drogas

&nbsp;
&nbsp;- Terrorismo

&nbsp;&nbsp;
- Crimes de tortura exceto tortura por omissão

&nbsp;
&nbsp;- Crimes decorrentes de
organização criminosas.