APRENDENDO SOBRE O CIRCO
Autor: E. M. Marechal Trompowsky | Publicado: 2014-03-27T05:10:00-07:00


VOCÊ SABIA QUE...



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O DIA NACIONAL DO CIRCO é comemorado no dia 27 de março 

em homenagem ao palhaço brasileiro PIOLIN, que nasceu
nessa data, no ano de 1897, na de Ribeirão Preto-SP.&nbsp;



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O CIRCO COMO
ELE É&nbsp;


O primeiro circo europeu moderno, o Acidade Stley'sAmphitheatre, foi inaugurado em Londres por volta de 1770, por Philip Astley,
um oficial inglês da Cavalaria Britânica. O circo de Astley tinha um picadeiro
com uma espécie de arquibancada perto. Ele construiu um anfiteatro suntuoso e
fixo, pois ficaria permanentemente no mesmo lugar. Organizou um espetáculo
eqüestre, com rigor e estrutura militares, mas percebeu que, para segurar o público,
teria que reunir outras atrações; juntou, então, saltimbancos, equilibristas,
saltadores e palhaço. O palhaço do batalhão era um soldado do campo, que acaba
sendo o "clown", palavra que, em inglês, se origina de caipira. O
palhaço não sabia montar, entrava no picadeiro montado ao contrário, caía do
cavalo, subia de um lado, caía do outro, passava por baixo do cavalo. Como
fazia muito sucesso, começaram a se desenvolver novas situações. Ao longo dos
anos, Astley acrescentou saltos acrobáticos, dança com laços e malabarismo.

Este primeiro circo funcionava como um quartel: os
uniformes, o rufar dos tambores e as vozes de comando para a execução dos
números de risco. O próprio Astley dirigia e apresentava o espetáculo, criando
assim, a figura do mestre de cerimônias.

Seu espetáculo foi visto por gente de todo o mundo,
pois Londres era uma cidade muito visitada. E, em 50 anos, houve um rápido
desenvolvimento do circo no mundo.

O termo "circus" foi utilizado pela
primeira vez em 1782, quando o rival de Astley, Charles Hughes, abriu as portas
do Royal Circus. Em princípios do século XIX, havia circos permanentes em
algumas das grandes cidades européias. Existiam, além disso, circos ambulantes,
que se deslocavam de cidade em cidade, em carretas cobertas.





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O CIRCO NO
BRASIL



No Brasil, mesmo antes do circo de Astley, já havia
os ciganos que vieram da Europa, onde eram perseguidos. Sempre houve ligação
dos ciganos com o circo. Entre as especialidades, incluíam-se a doma de ursos,
o ilusionismo e as exibições com cavalos. Há relatos de que eles usavam tendas
e nas festas sacras havia bagunça, bebedeira e exibições artísticas, incluindo
teatro de bonecos. Eles viajavam de cidade em cidade e adaptavam seus
espetáculos ao gosto da população local. Números que não faziam sucesso na
cidade eram tirados do programa.

O circo com suas características, em geral
itinerante, existe no Brasil a partir dos fins do século XIX. Os grupos
circences desembarcavam em um porto importante, faziam seu espetáculo e partiam
para outras cidades, descendo pelo litoral até o Rio da Prata, até chegar a
Buenos Aires.

Instalando-se na periferia das grandes cidades e
voltado para as classes populares, sua modernização não se deu em termos de
espaço e equipamentos: investe no elemento humano, suas destrezas, habilidades
e criatividade. Por isso, os palhaços são as figuras centrais e deles depende o
sucesso do espetáculo.

O circo brasileiro tropicalizou algumas atrações. O
palhaço brasileiro falava muito, ao contrário do europeu, que era mais mímico.
Era mais conquistador e malandro, seresteiro, tocador de violão, com um humor
picante. O público também apresentava características diferentes: os europeus
iam ao circo a fim de apreciar a arte; no Brasil, os números perigosos eram as
atrações: trapézio, animais selvagens e ferozes.

Segundo Alice Viveiros de Castro, existem atualmente
mais de 2.000 circos espalhados pelo Brasil, sendo aproximadamente 80 médios e
grandes, com trapézio de vôos, animais e grande elenco. Estima-se um público
anual de 25 milhões de espectadores. 

Entre os problemas enfrentados nos dias de hoje,
estão o alto preço cobrado pelo aluguel dos terrenos e a proibição da
instalação de circos em algumas cidades. Por vezes, as autoridades locais temem
os “forasteiros”. 



Sugestões para planejamento de atividades:

DVD

Xuxa para baixinhos no mundo da imaginação - Faixa O que é o que é&nbsp;

Disney - Dumbo

Madagascar



LIVROS:

E o palhaço o que é - autor: Guto Lins - Editora: FTD

Amndoim - autor: Eva Furnari - Editora: Paulinas

O palhaço Espalhafato - autor: Ana Maria Machado - Editora: Salamandra

O mágico atrapalhado - autor: Daniela Chindler - Editora: Paulinas

O circo catástrofe - autor: Benjamin Chaud - Editora:Salamandra

&nbsp;

ALGUNS MOMENTOS NA SALA DE LEITURA