Pierre de Fermat
Autor: inteligencia coletiva | Publicado: 2011-09-26T13:31:00-03:00

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 <![endif]-->  Pierrre de Fermat (1601 - 1665) é um dos poucos matemáticos que ficou famoso,seu pai era um rico comerciante de couro,por uma influencia de sua mão que é decendente de jurista,estudo leis em Orleans e formou-se em advocacia,trabalho boa parte da sua vida em uma corte em Toulouse,e chagou a ser juiz nos momento de folga ele gostava de aprecias poesia e matemática.
Ele começou a interessar por matemática no ano de 1629,ele trocava cartas com grandes matemáticos como:Torricelli,Roberval,pascal, e assim ele mostravas sua descobertas mandava para seus amigos e eles publicavam,Fermat nunca publicou nenhum de seus trabalhos.
Ele mandava muitos problemas difíceis para seus amigo responderem mas não conseguiam só depois de muito tempos que foram achado as resposta e esse era um dos problemas:
``Um desses problemas afirmava que "todo número inteiro pode ser escrito como a soma de no máximo quatro quadrados" e foi provado em 1770, pelo matemático francês Lagrange´´
Fermat também fez importantes contribuições na Física. Nesta área, formulou um princípio, conhecido como Princípio do Tempo Mínimo de Fermat, onde estabeleceu que a "luz percorre sempre o caminho mais curto". 
Juntamente com Blaise Pascal, é considerado, também, o fundador da Teoria das Probabilidades. 
Algumas obras dele com seus amigos
a) a geometria analítica de Fermat (1629) e Descartes (1637)b) o cálculo infinitesimal de Newton e Leibnizc) a análise combinatória (1654), particularmente com os trabalhos de Fermat e Pascal, que delineiam o cálculo de probabilidaded) a aritmética superior, de Fermat (1630-1665)e) a dinâmica de Galileu (1612) e Newton (1666-1684) e a gravitação universal de Newton (1684-1687)E esse é o o ultimo teorema dele 
O último Teorema de Fermat: Considerando-se a equação xn+yn=zn, Fermat estabeleceu que não existem valores inteiros para x, y e z que a satisfaçam, quando n é um número inteiro e maior do que 2. A propósito de sua demonstração, Fermat escreveu à margem de um exemplar da edição preparada por Méziriac (1581-1638) das obras do matemático grego, Diofanto (século. III dc):