A Arte no Egito Antigo
Autor: CEJA ARTES ONLINE | Publicado: 2013-06-04T16:59:00-07:00

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 Quando
falamos em Arte Egípcia nos referimos à arte desenvolvida e aplicada
pela civilização do antigo Egito, que ficava localizada no vale do rio Nilo,
mais precisamente no Norte da África. Esta manifestação artística teve a sua
supremacia na região durante um longo período de tempo, estendendo-se
(aproximadamente) pelos últimos 3000 anos antes de Cristo e demarcando
diferentes épocas que auxiliam na clarificação das diferentes variedades
estilísticas adotadas: Período Arcaico, Império Antigo, Império Médio, Império
Novo, Época Baixa, Período Ptolemaico e vários períodos intermédiários -
mais ou menos curtos - que separam as grandes épocas, e que se denotam pela
turbulência e obscuridade, tanto social e política quanto artística. O tempo e
os acontecimentos históricos encarregaram-se de ir eliminando os vestígios
desta arte ancestral, mas, mesmo assim, foi possível redescobrir algo do seu
legado no século XIX, em que escavações sistemáticas trouxeram à luz obras
capazes de fascinar investigadores, colecionadores e mesmo o olhar amador.



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A arte do antigo Egito serve ,
acima de tudo, de objetivos políticos e religiosos. Para compreender a que
nível se expressam estes objetivos é necessário ter em conta a figura do
soberano absoluto: o Faraó. Ele é o representante de Deus na Terra e é
este seu aspecto divino que vai vincar profundamente a manifestação artística,
de modo que a arte representa, exalta e homenageia constantemente o faraó e as
diversas divindades da mitologia egípcia, sendo aplicada principalmente a peças
ou espaços relacionados com o culto dos mortos, isto porque a transição da vida
à morte é vista, antecipada e preparada como um momento de passagem da vida
terrena à vida após a morte - a vida eterna e suprema. Como o Faraó é imortal e
todos seus familiares e altos representantes da sociedade têm o privilégio de
poder também ter acesso à outra vida, os túmulos são, por tudo isto, marcos
mais representativos da arte egípcia. 



A arte
egípcia é profundamente simbólica. Todas as representações estão repletas de
significados que ajudam a caracterizar figuras, a estabelecer níveis
hierárquicos e a descrever situações. Do mesmo modo, a simbologia serve à
estruturação, à simplificação e clarificação da mensagem transmitida criando um
forte sentido de ordem e racionalidade extremamente importantes. A harmonia e o
equilíbrio sempre são mantidos, qualquer perturbação neste sistema é,
consequentemente, um distúrbio na vida após a morte. Para atingir este objetivo
de harmonia são utilizadas linhas simples, formas estilizadas, níveis
rectilíneos de estruturação de espaços, manchas de cores uniformes que
transmitem limpidez e às quais se atribuem significados próprios. A hierarquia
social e religiosa traduz-se, na representação artística, na atribuição de
diferentes tamanhos à diferentes personagens, de acordo, claro, com a sua
importância, por exemplo, o Faraó será sempre a maior figura, numa
representação bidimensional e que possui estátuas e espaços arquitetônicos
monumentais.
&nbsp;