ATIKUM
Autor: blog história | Publicado: 2011-06-05T03:55:00-07:00

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 <![endif]-->  Anny Christinny – 3º Informática  
  
  &nbsp;Os "caboclos da Serra do Umã", do sertão de Pernambuco, aprenderam a dançar o toré com seus vizinhos Tuxá. No início dos anos 40, procuraram o Serviço de Proteção aos Índios, dando início ao processo de seu reconhecimento oficial como grupo indígena,   Esses índios ocupam uma área de 16 mil hectares no município de Carnaubeira da Penha, vivem da agricultura de subsistência.&nbsp;
A comunidade Atikum que se encontra aldeada na Serra do Umã, não teve até hoje as suas terras demarcadas. Apresenta, no entanto uma situação privilegiada em relação aos outros grupos, uma vez que no momento não há presença de posseiros em sua área. Mesmo não sendo demarcados, os seus limites são claramente conhecidos e em grande parte cercados, não havendo litígios com terceiros por conta da posse ou uso da terra.  A população Atikum, dedicada exclusivamente a agricultura, vive uma situação peculiar se comparada as outras comunidades indígenas do Estado, pois não enfrenta problemas ligados a posse da terra. Considerados como bons produtores agrícolas pelos habitantes do Sertão, nome dado pelos indígenas a toda a região em volta da Serra, cultivam principalmente o milho, o feijão, a mamona e algumas frutas. Esta atividade agrícola chega a ser surpreendente, em uma área situada em plena caatinga. A terra na Serra do Umã é de tal qualidade, que mesmo no ano de pouca chuva, a produção de milho é razoável.  Os Atikum fazem uso de outros instrumentos agrícolas além das tradicionais enxadas. O Posto oferece 07 plantadeiras, além de 10 arados puxados por animais, e alguns índios alugam ainda tratores de civilizados para lavrar a terra. Na fruticultura destaca-se a grande produção de bananas e em menor escala o cultivo de goiabas, pinhas e laranjas. A horticultura tem maior expressão na aldeia Olho D’Água do Padre devido a existência de um açude que possibilita também o desenvolvimento de uma significativa atividade pesqueira.   Por outro lado, as famílias que residem nas imediações do Alto do Umã enfrentam sério problema de escassez de água proveniente de três ou quatro poços existentes no local. Para a condução desta água até o local de moradia, as pessoas, inclusive crianças, fazem longas caminhadas carregando potes ou quaisquer outros tipos de vasilhames.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;   Dados de 1978, indicam que existem na área 431 moradias, das quais a maior parte é construída em taipa com cobertura de palha ou telha. Uma observação parcial dessas habitações indica uma predominância absoluta da cobertura de telha sobre estrutura de taipa.  
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