O campo magnético da Terra pode se inverter dentro de 100 anos Por: Kelsey Campbell-Dollaghan
Autor: Henrique Moura | Publicado: 2015-11-06T14:40:00-08:00



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O campo magnético da Terra muda constantemente, e&nbsp;a cada
200.000 ou 300.000 anos, o norte e o sul
invertem&nbsp;completamente. Atualmente estamos atrasados para uma dessas
alterações – e cientistas agora dizem que ela pode acontecer em questão de 100
anos, mudando completamente a vida no nosso planeta de maneiras inesperadas.

Por muito tempo imaginou-se que essas inversões
demoravam&nbsp;até 7.000
anos&nbsp;para se completarem, como diz um estudo de 2004 financiado
pela National Science Foundation. Mas ao longo dos últimos anos&nbsp;outros
cientistas&nbsp;sugeriram que as mudanças ocorrem a&nbsp;velocidades
anteriormente não imaginadas. E um novo&nbsp;estudo&nbsp;publicado
no&nbsp;Geophysical Journal International&nbsp;por uma equipe de
cientistas da Europa e dos EUA dá mais detalhes sobre essas mudanças rápidas –
sugerindo que a última alteração em 180 graus demorou apenas 100 anos.

Como eles percebem as mudanças no campo magnético
que datam de centenas de milhares de anos atrás? Ao testar camadas de cinzas
depositadas por erupções vulcânicas ao longo de 10.000 anos, encontradas em um
leito de lago próximo a Roma. De acordo com um release da Universidade de
Berkeley, as direções do campo magnético estão “congeladas”
nessas camadas de cinzas, o que pode ser datado de forma confiável para saber
quando as conversões ocorreram e quanto tempo levou para elas completarem. “Não
sabemos se a próxima inversão vai ocorrer de repente, como foi esta, mas também
não sabemos se ela não vai”&nbsp;disse Paul
Renne, um dos autores do estudo.











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Esse mapa
mostra como, começando a cerca de 789.000 anos atrás, o polo norte que vagava
ao redor da Antártida havia milhares de anos mudou para a orientação que
conhecemos hoje, com o polo em algum lugar do Ártico. Via Berkeley.

Sabemos há bastante tempo que o campo magnético da
Terra está mudando. Sabemos, por exemplo, que o Polo Norte se moveu quase 900
quilômetros nos últimos 200 anos. Também sabemos que, como observado por&nbsp;três
satélites da Agência Espacial Europeia, o campo magnético da Terra
está ficando mais fraco em alguns pontos e mais forte em outros. Também sabemos
que as correntes de mudanças já forçaram algumas alterações no mundo humano:
aeroportos que nomeiam suas pistas de acordo com direções de bússolas foram
obrigados a&nbsp;alterar o
nome por causa disso.

Então não
é surpreendente que a alteração completa seja iminente. O estudo sugere como
isso pode afetar a forma como vivemos na Terra. Um campo enfraquecido pode, por
exemplo, significar menos proteção para humanos contra raios perigosos que
causam câncer, o que significa que a taxa de câncer pode crescer. E o impacto
infraestrutural de um campo alterado pode também causar problemas no grid de
eletricidade e em outros sistemas sensíveis.

Para nós, humanos de vida curta, essas mudanças são
normalmente impensáveis geologicamente. É fascinante aprender que, apesar de
provavelmente não testemunharmos uma alteração dessa magnitude, outros da nossa
espécie poderão passar por ela. [Berkeley]

Imagem:&nbsp;daulon.















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   UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/>
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   UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Emphasis"/>
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   UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Emphasis"/>
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   UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Reference"/>
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   UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Reference"/>
  <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" SemiHidden="false"
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<![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 10]>

 /* Style Definitions */
 table.MsoNormalTable
 {mso-style-name:"Tabela normal";
 mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;
 mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;
 mso-style-noshow:yes;
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 mso-style-qformat:yes;
 mso-style-parent:"";
 mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;
 mso-para-margin-top:0cm;
 mso-para-margin-right:0cm;
 mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt;
 mso-para-margin-left:0cm;
 line-height:115%;
 mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
 font-size:11.0pt;
 font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
 mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
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 mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
 mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
 mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;}

<![endif]-->