Animais Híbridos
Autor: Reprodução Animal | Publicado: 2010-11-28T11:51:00-08:00

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 <![endif]-->    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Hibridação é o processo de reprodução entre dois animais de espécies diferentes, quando isso for possível. Às espécies geradas através da hibridização, damos o nome de mestiços, ou simplesmente, animais híbridos.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Um exemplo bastante simples de animal híbrido é o caso do burro ou da mula, resultante do cruzamento da égua (Equus caballus) e do jumento (Equus asinus). &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; O fenômeno foi estudado pela primeira vez em plantas, no século XVIII, por Kolreuter. Nem todos os animais híbridos são estéreis. A esterilidade ocorre devido a problemas cromossômicos no processo de meiose, pois frequentemente o cruzamento entre os híbridos se dá entre espécies com número de cromossomos distintos. Assim, as células desses animais vão possuir um número híbrido de cromossomos que terão dificuldades em formar pareamento.&nbsp;&nbsp; Entre outros exemplos de animais híbridos podemos citar os ligres, animais resultantes do cruzamento entre um leão e uma tigresa; e as zéguas, resultantes do cruzamento entre uma égua e uma zebra. Através de técnicas de engenharia genética, é relativamente fácil criar embriões de animais híbridos em laboratório, porém, novas pesquisas afirmam que o processo de hibridação pode ocorrer de forma natural e espontânea na própria natureza, como no caso dos ursos pinzentos, cruzamento de ursos polares e cinzentos. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Geralmente, surgem novas espécies de animais híbridos na natureza quando alguns animais passam a ter comportamentos diferentes, se isolando do restante do grupo. Além disso, devido à variabilidade genética, alguns animais podem apresentar cores e algumas pequenas diferenças em relação à maioria, os tornando atrativos sexualmente para espécies diferentes da sua. &nbsp;&nbsp; Devido ao aquecimento global, muitos cientistas acreditam que a hibridação será um processo evolutivo que acontecerá em larga escala. Assim, o ser humano passa a acelerar o processo de hibridação através da destruição de alguns habitats, criação de outros; extinção de espécies, poluição, destruição de cadeias alimentares, etc, forçando as espécies a se adaptarem biológica e geneticamente a essas condições, colocando em risco, a diversidade das espécies e o equilíbrio biológico. 


Ligre&nbsp;


Zégua


Fonte: http://www.brasilescola.com/biologia/animais-hibridos.htm