Os feriados nacionais e municipais no período militar e na democracia
Autor: Paulo Tamiazo | Publicado: 2012-11-27T16:43:00-08:00

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&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Voltando o país à normalidade
democrática, somente cinco anos depois, a lei federal nº 605, de 5 de janeiro
de 1949, definiu, em termos gerais, os feriados municipais, reservados aos
“dias de guarda, declarados em lei municipal, de acordo com a tradição local e
em número não superior a sete”.&nbsp; No caso
de Cordeirópolis, a Lei Municipal nº 7, de 8 de agosto, definiu os feriados
municipais de então: 13 de junho, Sexta-Feira Santa, Ascensão do Senhor; Corpus
Christi, Assunção de Nossa Senhora, Finados e Imaculada Conceição.&nbsp;



&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Pela Lei nº 662, de 8 de abril de 1949, o então
presidente Eurico Gaspar Dutra mudou novamente a lista dos feriados nacionais,
restringindo-os aos dias 1º de janeiro, 1º de maio, 7 de setembro, 15 de
novembro e 25 de dezembro. Em 1950, pela Lei nº 1.266, de 8 de dezembro, o
feriado de 21 de abril foi “restaurado”, mantendo-se até hoje.&nbsp;



&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Vitoriosa a “Revolução de 1964”, cujo poder militar se
estendeu até 1985, não demorou muito para que os feriados fossem considerados
novamente um empecilho: pelo Decreto-Lei nº 86, de 27 de dezembro de 1966, baseando-se
“nos reflexos da paralisação do trabalho sobre a economia e as finanças do
país”, os feriados religiosos reservados aos municípios foram reduzidos a
quatro, incluindo-se obrigatoriamente a Sexta-Feira Santa. No caso de
Cordeirópolis, a mudança foi oficializada pela Lei Municipal nº 468, de 18 de
janeiro de 1967, que estabeleceu os quatro feriados municipais religiosos
católicos: Sexta-Feira da Paixão, 13 de junho, Corpus Christi e Finados.&nbsp;



&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Ainda no período militar, foi sancionada pelo então
presidente da República João Baptista de Oliveira Figueiredo a Lei nº 6.802, de
30 de junho de 1980, declarando feriado nacional o dia 12 de outubro, “para
culto público e oficial a Nossa
Senhora Aparecida, Padroeira do Brasil”.&nbsp;



&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Retornando as liberdades democráticas, a Lei nº 7.320, de
11 de junho de 1985 definiu, baseado em uma prática dos EUA, a “comemoração por
antecipação nas segundas-feiras” dos feriados que caírem nos demais dias da
semana, menos os dos sábados e domingos e os dias 1º de janeiro, 7 de setembro
e 25 de dezembro. Menos de um ano depois, a Lei nº 7.466, de 23 de abril de
1986, incluiu o dia 1º de Maio nos feriados a serem comemorados na própria
data.&nbsp;



&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Após três anos da sua última modificação, em 1989 foi
editada a Lei nº 7.765, de 11 de maio, incluindo a Sexta-Feira Santa e o Corpus
Christi, feriados católicos que deveriam ser fixados por lei municipal, na relação
de datas que não deveriam ser antecipadas. Finalmente, a lei de 1985 foi
totalmente revogada pela Lei nº 8.087, de 29 de outubro de
1990. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;



&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Sabemos que, no Município de Cordeirópolis, os feriados
foram fixados, em obediência à legislação federal, pelas leis municipais já
citadas. Entretanto, os constituintes, ao elaborarem o texto da Lei Orgânica do
Municipio, definiram que os feriados municipais, ao contrário do definido no
período, deveriam ser comemorados nas
suas datas originais, colocando-os como um artigo das disposições
transitórias, fixando-se as datas já consagradas: 13 de junho, Sexta-Feira
Santa, Corpus Christi e 2 de novembro. Eles não podiam prever que a antecipação
fosse revogada seis meses depois da promulgação da Carta Municipal.&nbsp;



&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Em 1995, uma inovação: foi permitida, pela Lei nº 9.093,
de 12 de setembro, sancionada pelo presidente Fernando Henrique Cardoso, a
criação de um feriado por Estado, mantendo-se os feriados religiosos municipais
em quatro, repetindo os dispositivos já vigentes. No caso do Estado de São
Paulo, esta autorização foi executada pela Lei Estadual nº 9.497, de 5 de março
de 1997, criando o feriado de 9 de julho.&nbsp;



&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Há aproximadamente dez anos, foi sancionada pelo mesmo
presidente a Lei nº 10.607, de 19 de dezembro de 2002, que incluiu o 2 de
novembro (Finados) nos feriados nacionais, retirando, de onde existia, a data
do rol dos feriados municipais. Assim, ficou liberada a criação de mais um
feriado – religioso católico, por definição legal superior – em cada Município.&nbsp;


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&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Uma vez que os feriados em
Cordeirópolis eram definidos na Lei Orgânica, em 2005 foi apresentada uma
proposta, pelos vereadores das bancadas do PT e do PPS, para inclusão do 20 de
novembro no lugar de Finados. A alteração foi oficializada através da Emenda à
Lei Orgânica nº 10, de 25 de maio de 2005. Por fim, para evitar as dúvidas
geradas por não ter sido modificada a lei municipal anterior, que legalmente é
o que define, em todo país, a forma dos feriados municipais, foi emitida a Lei
nº 2367, de 6 de novembro de
2006, por projeto do Prefeito Municipal, incluindo o “Dia da Consciência Negra”
no rol dos feriados municipais de Cordeirópolis.&nbsp;



Paulo
César Tamiazo é historiador e funcionário público e deve
lançar, em breve, seu livro “Cordeirópolis 1887-2012 – 125 anos de história”.