O que é...?
Autor: Daiana, Diego, Douglas, George, Rodrigo, Sostenes, Thaise, Thais e Victor. | Publicado: 2012-04-12T21:21:00-07:00

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DOPING?
É
o uso de substâncias naturais ou sintéticas visando a melhora do desempenho dos
atletas em competições. Este objetivo é ilícito e por isso são feitos testes de
doping durante competições.



QUAIS DROGAS SÃO
CONSIDERADAS DOPING EM ATLETAS?
As
substâncias pertencentes as seguintes classes farmacológicas:



·&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
Estimulantes:
pseudoefedrina, efedrina, anfetamina, etc.

·&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
Narcóticos:
morfina, codeína, propoxifeno, etc.

·&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
Agentes
anabólicos: testosterona, nandrolone, stanozolol, etc.

·&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
Diuréticos:
hidroclorotiazínicos, furosemide, etc.

·&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
Betabloqueadores:
propranolol, atenol, etc.

·&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
Hormônios
peptídeos e análogos: Hormônio do crescimento, eritropoetina, corticotropina.

O QUE SÃO ESTERÓIDES ANABOLIZANTES?
São hormônios
sintéticos que quando comparados à testosterona (hormônio masculino natural),
têm maior atividade anabólica (promovem crescimento).



COMO SÃO USADOS?
Geralmente
são usados por via oral ou parental (injetáveis). Alguns usuários fazem abuso
de preparações farmacêuticas disponíveis uso para veterinário.



POR QUE OS ESTERÓIDES ANABOLIZANTES SÃO USADOS?
Por indicação
médica são usados no tratamento de doenças como por exemplo da anemia,
hipogonadismo e angioedema hereditário, por exemplo. 


O uso ilícito
por atletas, freqüentadores de academias ou pessoas de baixa estatura é feito
na crença de que essas drogas:



·&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
aumentam a massa
muscular;

·&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
aumentam a froça
física;

·&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
aumentam a
agressividade;

·&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
diminuem o tempo
de recuperação entre os exercícios intensos;

·&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
melhoram a
aparência;

·&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
melhoram o
performance sexual; ou com fins de diversão.
No entanto, o
uso abusivo leva a efeitos colaterais graves, os quais são desconhecidos pelos
usuários.



QUAIS SÃO OS EFEITOS INDESEJADOS DOS ESTERÓIDES
ANABOLIZANTES?
Sistema
Nervoso Central:



·&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
agressividade
aumentada, hiperatividade, irritabilidade;

·&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
psicose
(alucinações auditivas, paranóia, desilusões);

·&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
episódios
maníacos;

·&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
desordens de
pânico;

·&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
depressão e
ansiedade com ou sem ideação de suicídio;

·&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
cefaléia,
náuseas, libido alterado, euforia, apetite alterado;

·&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
aumento da
impulsividade e diminuição do nível de cooperação.
Sistema
Reprodutor Masculino:





·&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
atrofia
testicular com infertilidade; impotência.

·&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
Hipertrofia
e carcinoma de próstata;

·&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
Priaprismo
(ereção prolongada);

·&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
Feminilização
com ginecomastia;

·&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
Alopécia
(queda de cabelo).
Sistema Reprodutor Feminino:



·&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
Masculinização,
desenvolvimento de acne, hirsutismo, redução da mama, voz rouca e profunda,
hipertrofia do clitóris, irregularidades menstruais.
Sistema Músculo Esquelético:



·&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
Aumento
de suscetibilidade a lesões de músculos e tendões;

·&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
Em
adolescentes ocorre a soldadura prematura das epífises resultando em retardo do
crescimento, ou seja, o indivíduo não cresce até sua altura potencial;
Sistema Cardiovascular:



·&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
Retenção
de sódio e água, aumento da pressão sangüínea, edema de tecidos, aumento do
colesterol;

·&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
Coração:
infarto do miocárdio, hipertrofia ventricular esquerda, aterosclerose e outras
doenças cardíacas.
Sistema Hepático:



·&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
Hepatite,
ruptura de vasos sangüíneos no fígado, carcinoma hepatocelular, hepatoma,
icterícia colestática.
Sistema Renal:



·&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
Tumor
de Wilms e elevação da creatinina.
Outros efeitos endócrinos:



·&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
Tireóide:
dimunuição de níveis hormonais (tiroxina, triiodotironina, TSH, TBG). 

·&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
Acne,
alteração dos lipídios da pele;

·&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
Metabolismo
da glicose:alterações, resistência a insulina, intolerância a glicose.

OS ESTERÓIDES ANABOLIZANTES PRODUZEM DEPENDÊNCIA?
Ainda não está esclarecido, no
entanto é reconhecida a Síndrome de Abstinência, caracterizada por
irritabilidade, nervosismo e alteraçòes do humor.



OS POTENCIAIS RISCOS DO USO INDISCRIMINADO DE ESTERÓIDES
ANABOLIZANTES ULTRAPASSAM OS POSSÍVEIS BENEFÍCIOS PARA A PERFORMANCE ATLÉTICA,
POR ISSO SEU USO DEVE SER DESENCORAJADO.