Exercícios - Bactérias
Autor: Ana Claudia | Publicado: 2011-03-31T15:59:00-07:00

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 <![endif]-->  Colégio Estadual Jardim GuanabaraDisciplina: Biologia - 3º PeríodoExercícios Bactérias
1.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Um estudante escreveu o seguinte em uma prova: “As bactérias não têm núcleo nem DNA”. Você concorda com o estudante?Justifique.
&nbsp;2.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (FUVEST - SP) Cite duas formas de reprodução nas bactérias:
3.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (UFRJ) Há um cuidado que deve ser tomado quando se compra um alimento enlatado. Devemos observar não só a data de fabricação e o prazo de vencimento do produto, mas também o aspecto da lata que não deve se apresentar estufada, pode ter-se desenvolvido, dentre outras bactérias, a produtora do botulismo, uma doença frequentemente fatal.a) Que tipo de respiração essa bactéria mantem no interior da lata fechada?
b) No caso do produto contaminado, o que causou a pressão no interior da lata, estufando a tampa?
c) Quem é o causador do botulismo? Qual sua forma de transmissão?
4.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (PUC-CAMP-SP) Nas bactérias, existe um processo de transmissão genética denominado &nbsp;transdução. No que consiste esse processo?
5.&nbsp; Assinale a afirmação incorreta para bactérias:&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;a) Possuem núcleo individualizado.b) A maioria é heterotrófica.c) São seres vivos unicelulares.D) Algumas possuem uma camada gelatinosa ao redor da membrana celular.e) Algumas são parasitas
6. A água oxigenada utilizada na limpeza de ferimentos, ao entrar em contato com o sangue, libera gás oxigênio, impedindo a sobrevivência de bactérias, como as do tétano, por exemplo.
Pode-se dizer, então, que a bactéria&nbsp; Clostridium tetani é:a) Aeróbica facultativa, pois utiliza o oxigênio, quando disponível, para a obtenção de energia.b) Anaeróbica obrigatória, pois não utiliza o oxigênio para a obtenção de energia.c) Anaeróbica facultativa, pois, na falta de oxigênio, fermentam açúcares.d) Quimiossintética, pois utiliza a energia proveniente das descargas elétricas.e) Fotossintetizante, já que utiliza o Sol para a obtenção de energia.
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 7. Considere os seguintes componentes celulares:
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; 1. Membrana plasmática&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 2. Carioteca. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 3. Cromossomos.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 4. Hialoplasma.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 5. Ribossomos.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 6. Reticulo endoplasmático.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 7. Mitocôndrias.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 8. Cloroplatos.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Dentre as alternativas seguintes, assinale a que tiver somente estruturas ausentes em bactérias: 
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; a) 1,2,7,8.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; b) 2,6,7,8.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; c) 2,3,5,6.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;d) 3,5,7,8.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; e) 5,6,7,8.
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 8. Bactérias são organismos microscópicos, unicelulares, procariotos, encontrados praticamente em&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; todos&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; os ambientes.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Afirma-se:&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; I. Bactérias saprófitas são importantes organismos decompositores de matéria orgânica morta.  &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; II. São doenças bacterianas: cólera, difteria, pneumonia, lepra, tuberculose, tétano e disenteria bacilar.  &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; III. Esporos são células resistentes formadas quando as condições de alimento para as bactérias são favoráveis.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Está correto o que se afirmou em:
      &nbsp; a) I, apenas.      b) II e III, apenas.  
      &nbsp; c) I e III, apenas.      d) I e II, apenas.  
      &nbsp; e) I, II e III.