AULA DO DIA 04/09/2012
Autor: DR4AB34 | Publicado: 2012-09-07T20:06:00-07:00

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RESPONSABILIDADE CIVIL



4) Seguro responsabilidade

--&gt; Transfere a seguradora o dever
de pagar as perdas e danos decorrentes de ato do segurado;

--&gt; Proteger terceiros (pessoas ou
coisas), por culpa involuntária (strito sensu);

--&gt; Segurado ou pessoas pelas quais
deva responder também por ataque de animal.



5) Responsabilidade Civil e Penal

--&gt; Nos Romanos não havia essa
distinção 

--&gt; Responsabilidade Penal:
restabelece o status inicial (quo onte). Direito Privado. Ex Colisão de
veículos transferível, a exemplo do Art. 943 CC, também no caso de pessoas não
praticantes do ato ilícito = responsabilidade Indireta.

--&gt; Responsabilidade Penal é intransferível,
só o réu responde com a privação da liberdade;

--&gt; Responsabilidade Civil:
qualquer dano (ação ou omissão), a partir da violação do dever jurídico de
cuidado;

--&gt; Responsabilidade Penal: adota a
tipicidade, ou seja, necessária adequação do fato&nbsp; concreto ao tipo penal;

--&gt; Responsabilidade penal: a
imputabilidade só atinge os maiores de 18 anos;

--&gt; Responsabilidade civil: o
incapaz menor pode responder se os responsáveis não tiverem obrigação ou
dispensarem de recursos para tal.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
* Obs.: Em alguns casos o código adotou a teoria do risco aquela que diz
que todo dono deve ser indenizado (responsabilidade objetiva).

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
* Obs.: A regra e a teoria da culpa (responsabilidade subjetiva).

--&gt; Dano Material: patrimônio;

--&gt; Dano Moral: personalidade moral,
nome, etc.

--&gt; Responsabilidade Penal: imposição
de uma pena que pode ser privativa de liberdade restritiva de direitos e/ou
multa Art. 32 CP;

--&gt; Responsabilidade penal: Questões
relativas à autoria ou inexistência do fato fazem coisa julgada no civil. Art.
935 CC.

--&gt; Responsabilidade Civil: Pode haver
casos de absolvição penal ou falta de provas.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
*Obs.: Na sentença penal o juiz arbitra o mínimo de dano causado, a
titulo de reparação Art. 63, par. Único, 64 e 387. IV, CPP.



6) Ato Ilícito e Conduta do Agente

--&gt; Art. 927, 186 e 187 CC



A -------- Conduta omissa ou
comissa ----------&gt;B

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Violação do dever &nbsp;{nexo causal

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; Jurídico
de consumo {





--&gt;Conduta Comissa: ação humana ou
forças físicas ou intelectuais;

--&gt; Não confundir conduta comissa
com dolo;

--&gt; Ato omisso: O agente tendo o
dever legal de evitar o resultado deixa de pratica-lo. Ex: Segurança,
transporte.

--&gt; A linha divisória entre ato ilícito
e ato licito é a violação dos interesses. Ex:&nbsp; Propriedade X Utilidade Publica ;
Imagem X Acesso á informação.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
*Obs.: Código Civil adotou a teoria Clássica, chamada teoria subjetiva,
segundo a qual a vitima tem o ônus de prova, mas há a presunção da culpa que
cause dano. Art. 936 CC.