Aprender segunda língua pode aumentar poder do cérebro, dizem cientistas
Autor: Unidiomas Unilasalle | Publicado: 2012-10-22T12:51:00-07:00


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Os
cientistas da Northwestern University dizem que o bilinguismo é uma forma de
treinamento do cérebro - uma "ginástica" mental que apura a mente. Falar
duas línguas afeta profundamente o cérebro e muda a forma como o sistema
nervoso reage ao som, segundo revelaram testes de laboratório.



&nbsp;Especialistas
dizem que o estudo publicado na revista Proceedings of the National Academy
of Sciences fornece evidências "biológicas" para isso. 

A equipe
de pesquisadores monitorou as respostas do cérebro de 48 estudantes voluntários
saudáveis - 23 dos quais bilíngues - a sons diferentes.

Foram
usados eletrodos no couro cabeludo para traçar o padrão das ondas cerebrais.

Sob
condições laboratoriais silenciosas, os dois grupos - o bilíngue e o de alunos
que somente falavam inglês - responderam da mesma forma.

Mas em um
contexto de conversa barulhenta, o grupo bilíngue foi muito superior em
processar os sons.

Eles eram
mais capazes de sintonizar informações importantes - a voz do orador - e
bloquear outros ruídos que distraem - as conversas de fundo.



'Poderoso' benefício

As
diferenças de resposta dos dois grupos foram visíveis no cérebro. As reações do
tronco cerebral dos que falam duas línguas foram intensificadas.

De acordo
com a professora Nina Kraus, que coordenou a pesquisa, "a experiência do
bilíngue é aprimorada, com resultados sólidos em um sistema auditivo que é
altamente eficiente, flexível e focado no seu processamento automático de som,
especialmente em condições complexas de escuta".

A
pesquisadora e co-autora do estudo Viorica Marian disse: "As pessoas fazem
palavras cruzadas e outras atividades para manter suas mentes afiadas. Mas as
vantagens que temos descoberto em falantes de mais de uma língua vêm simples e
automaticamente de conhecerem e usarem dois idiomas".

"Parece
que os benefícios do bilingüismo são particularmente poderosos e amplos, e
incluem a atenção, seleção e codificação de som", completou

Músicos
parecem ganhar um benefício semelhante quando ensaiando, dizem os
pesquisadores.

Pesquisas
anteriores também sugerem que ser bilíngue pode ajudar a afastar a demência.



Dica enviada pela Professora Laís Viana, fonte: BBC.COM.UK