A representatividade do voto
Autor: J Drinks | Publicado: 2014-07-13T01:40:00-03:00

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Lei nº 9.504/1997, in verbis:



Art. 2º
Será considerado eleito o candidato a Presidente ou a Governador que obtiver a
maioria absoluta de votos, não computados os em branco e os nulos.

§ 1º Se
nenhum candidato alcançar maioria absoluta na primeira votação, far-se-á nova
eleição no último domingo de outubro, concorrendo os dois candidatos mais
votados, e considerando-se eleito o que obtiver a maioria dos votos válidos.

§ 2º Se,
antes de realizado o segundo turno, ocorrer morte, desistência ou impedimento
legal de candidato, convocar-se-á, dentre os remanescentes, o de maior votação.

§ 3º Se,
na hipótese dos parágrafos anteriores, remanescer em segundo lugar mais de um
candidato com a mesma votação, qualificar-se-á o mais idoso.

§ 4º A
eleição do Presidente importará a do candidato a Vice-Presidente com ele
registrado, o mesmo se aplicando à eleição de Governador.

Portanto, tudo indica que simplesmente será
eleito o candidato que obtiver a maioria absoluta dos chamados "votos
válidos", resultado do descarte dos votos brancos e nulos e desprezado a
abstenção.



E o que é voto nulo? É não aceitar qualquer
dos candidatos.&nbsp; É renunciar ao direito de escolha. Um
voto de protesto, de uma manifestação direta do eleitor de dizer que não aceita
qualquer um dos candidatos. É tão direto quanto &nbsp;votar em um candidato ou em um partido. É a condenação
pelo eleitor às limitações do pleito. O voto nulo pode interferir no resultado
do pleito, porque pode anulá-lo.



E o voto
em branco? É o voto da indiferença. Uma forma de dizer que não se importa com
os candidatos, que qualquer um poderá ser o vencedor do pleito. 



E abstenção? É um protesto maior pois representa
a total descrença no sistema, seja no processo eleitoral, seja nos próprios
candidatos.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

Mas se os votos nulos e brancos, assim como a
abstenção, que seria um voto contra tudo, representam a vontade dos eleitores,
por que são excluídos do percentual válido para o pleito?



A maneira mais fácil de entender é com um
exemplo prático:



Total de Eleitores:&nbsp;  &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 1000&nbsp; 
&nbsp;Abstenções:
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;200 (-) 
Total de Eleitores Votantes: &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; 800
Total de Votos Brancos:&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; 150 (-)

Total de Votos Nulos:&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 50 (-)

Total de Votos Válidos:&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 600&nbsp;&nbsp; 

Votos necessários para ser eleito: 301&nbsp; (50%
+1 / 1º Turno)



O que significa dizer que a vontade dessa
comunidade de eleitores elege o vencedor do pleito pela maioria (absoluta) de apenas
&nbsp;“30% +1” dos votos, bem diferente da
propagação de que o eleito conquistou “50% +1” de votos válidos. 



Será este um dos maiores motivos para se manter
a obrigatoriedade do ato de votar? Seria o próprio questionamento da representatividade
de uma maioria fictícia de eleitores em nosso país.