A origem do assistencialismo. Serviço Social.
Autor: Elton Santos | Publicado: 2015-03-04T06:34:00-08:00



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1-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
Os
aspectos históricos (políticos, econômicos e sociais), do surgimento dos
movimentos sociais.



Vivemos em um contexto
Capitalista, quase que global atualmente, por tanto qualquer análise a ser
feita do ponto de vista social deve ser considerado que o sistema Capitalista
possui uma lógica e que entendê-la é fundamental para que possamos também,
compreender de maneira mais essencial as questões sociais inseridas nesse
contexto, e assim saber qual a melhor maneira de intervir na vasta gama de
problemas do mundo, que nada mais são do que as consequências dessa lógica
capitalista de produção.

Após o declínio do modo
de produção Feudal, que se baseava na agricultura de subexistência, uma nova
classe social aos poucos foi emergindo e com um espírito altamente
empreendedor, passou a ver no comércio uma nova perspectiva de vida, nascia
assim, entre os séculos XIV e XV o modo de produção capitalista, baseado na comercialização
de mercadorias. 

O Capitalismo evoluiu e
se expandiu, e no século XIX, em meio a Revolução Industrial ganhou uma nova
forma, agora com a tecnologia a seu favor e a produção que antes era em pequena
escala, pois era manufaturada, passa a ter um ganho de produção altamente
elevado com a eficiência das máquinas, principalmente as que eram a vapor e o
Tear Mecânico. 

Nesse contexto
histórico a lógica do sistema capitalista se torna cada vez mais evidente.Mais
produção, mais força de trabalho, mais mercado consumidor, mais lucros etc. E
as consequências disso, obviamente teriam que se refletir na sociedade. Uma das
consequências marcantes dessa lógica foi a divisão de classes, entre
aqueles que tinham os meios para produzir e aqueles que ofereciam a mão de obra
(burguesia e proletariado). Essa é uma fase marcante do Capitalismo, em que
muitas pessoas na sua maioria, vindas do Campo, se viram obrigadas a se
submeter a condições precárias de trabalho nas Fábricas, para sobreviver. Nesse
período, as cidades cresceram consideravelmente e muitos problemas de
infraestrutura evidenciaram-se como; a falta de saneamento básico, moradia,
saúde etc. em meio a todos esses problemas a classe oprimida resolveu se unir e
lutar por melhores condições de vida, principalmente entre os trabalhadores das
Fábricas, nascendo assim às manifestações sociais (movimentos sindicais), que
foram ganhando cada vez mais força a ponto de causar preocupação na classe
dominante, e que se viram obrigados a criar movimentos com intuito de frear,
esse início de revolução. Nesse período foram criadas pela Burguesia com a
contribuição da Igreja, as Escolas Humanitárias, e Filantrópicas, com intenção
de intervir nas questões sociais, se propondo a ajudar a classe oprimida a
minimizar algumas das muitas mazelas daquela época, mas sempre priorizando o
controle do poder, assim surge a assistência social dentro do contexto
capitalista.


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