Qualidade na educação infantil – fundamentos, documentos e desafios
Autor: Elisabeth Oliveira: | Publicado: 2012-11-01T12:59:00-07:00

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Segundo o MEC, Secretaria da
Educação Básica, o debate sobre a qualidade da educação da criança até 6 anos
no Brasil tem uma história. Para situar o atual momento, é necessário revê
concepções e recuperar os principais fios dessa história para que a discussão
atual possa dialogar com os avanços e as dificuldades anteriores, alcançando um
novo patamar nesse processo de múltiplas autorias. Essa contextualização busca
contemplar: 1) a concepção de criança e de pedagogia da Educação Infantil; 2) o
debate sobre a qualidade da educação em geral e o debate especifico no campo da
educação da criança de 0 até 6 anos; 3) os resultados de pesquisas recentes; 4)
a qualidade na perspectiva da legislação atual e da atuação dos órgãos oficiais
do país. Faria (1999), “A criança, assim, não é uma abstração, mas um ser
produtor e produto da história e da cultura”. Olhar a criança como ser que já
nasce pronto, ou que nasce vazio e carente dos elementos entendidos como
necessários à vida adulta ou, ainda, a criança como sujeito conhecedor, cujo
desenvolvimento se dá por sua própria iniciativa e capacidade de ação, foram,
durante muito tempo, concepções amplamente aceitas na Educação Infantil até o
surgimento das bases epistemológicas que fundamentam, atualmente, uma pedagogia
para infância. Os novos paradigmas englobam e transcendem a história, a
antropologia, a sociologia e a própria psicologia resultando em uma perspectiva
que define a criança como ser competente para interagir e produzir cultura no
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Tiriba (2005); relata que a
intenção de aliar uma concepção de criança à qualidade dos serviços educacionais
a ela oferecidos implica atribuir um papel especifico a pedagogia desenvolvida
nas instituições pelos profissionais de Educação Infantil. Captar necessidades
que bebês evidenciam antes que consigam falar, observar suas reações e
iniciativas, interpretar desejos e motivações são habilidades que profissionais
de Educação Infantil precisam desenvolver, ao lado do estudo das diferentes áreas
de conhecimento que incidem sobre essa faixa etária, a fim de subsidiar de modo
consistente as decisões sobre as atividades desenvolvidas, o formato de
organização do espaço, do tempo, dos materiais e dos agrupamentos de crianças.

Ainda segundo Zabalza (1998),
três finalidades básicas podem nos mostrar como é possível uma Educação Infantil
de qualidade:

1. Uma escola para a criança: a
atenção é concentrada na identidade da criança, na sua condição de sujeito de direitos
diversos, na consciência de si mesma, na intima relação com a sua família e a
sua cultura de origem.

2. Uma escola das experiências
e dos conhecimentos: a atenção concentra-se em alguns conteúdos significativos da
experiência – a educação linguística, motora, musical e cientifica.

3. Uma escola baseada na
participação e integrada com a comunidade: presta-se muita atenção à relação
com as famílias e à gestão social e também à consciência de desejar obter uma
cidade autenticamente educadora, Zabalza (1998), finaliza as três finalidades básicas,
afirmando que a autonomia, identidade e competência constituem também três
vertentes fortemente ligadas no processo de desenvolvimento da criança e na
concepção de uma Educação Infantil de qualidade, onde a autonomia é a
construção da capacidade de agir e de estar bem sozinho e de viver relações solidárias
com os outros. Já a identidade, diz Zabalza (1998), é o amadurecimento de uma autoimagem
positiva e um sentimento de confiança em si mesmo e nas próprias capacidades, e
as competências é a construção da capacidade de interiorizar e utilizar os
sistemas simbólico-culturais. Finalmente, a qualidade também esta relacionada
ao próprio funcionamento das instituições e dos agentes que fazem parte das
mesmas. É fundamental inserir a ação institucional em um processo de melhora da
própria instituição e dos serviços que a mesma oferece. Um processo de
aperfeiçoamento planejado com metas a curto, a médio e à longo prazo, afirma
Zabalza (1998)

Fonte:

www.revistainterfaces.com.br