Autor: genildasouza | Publicado: 2011-08-08T14:07:00-07:00

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John Dewey (1859-1952)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Filósofo norte-americano que inspirou o movimento da Escola Nova. Defende a união da teoria e prática como ingrediente indispensável ao crescimento físico, emocional e intelectual das crianças. Sua corrente filosófica ficou conhecida como pragmatismo onde as ideias só tem importância desde que sirvam de instrumento para a resolução de problemas reais. Dewey defendia a democracia não só no campo institucional, mas também no interior das escolas. Ele insistia na necessidade de estreitar a relação teoria e prática, pois acreditava que as hipóteses teóricas só tem sentido no dia-a-dia. Para ele o conhecimento é construído de consensos que por sua vez resulta de discussões coletivas. Por isso, a escola deve proporcionar práticas conjuntas e promover situações de cooperação. Em outras palavras, o objetivo da escola seria ensinar a criança a viver no mundo, onde o aprendizado se dar justamente quando os alunos são colocados diante de problemas reais. Educar, portanto, é incentivar o desejo de desenvolvimento continuo através da reflexão e ação. Pode-se afirmar que as teorias mais modernas da didática, como o construtivismo e as bases teóricas dos Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais, têm inspiração nas ideias do educador. Uma das principais lições deixadas por John Dewey é a de que, não havendo separação entre vida e educação, esta deve preparar para a vida, promovendo seu constante desenvolvimento. Como ele dizia, “as crianças não estão, num dado momento, sendo preparadas para a vida e, em outro, vivendo”.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;