Periodontia
Autor: EXCELLENT DOCTORS | Publicado: 2011-08-08T12:43:00-07:00

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Especialidade odontológica responsável pela prevenção e tratamento das doenças que acometem os tecidos de sustentação e proteção dos dentes (tratamento da gengiva e do osso).O tártaro é uma formação do depósito de placas bacterianas que reagem quimicamente com fosfato de cálcio da saliva, originando uma camada endurecida sobre os dentes. Deve ser removida pelo dentista e pode ser prevenido pela escovação e uso do fio dental.

A periodontite é a inflamação que atinge os tecidos periodontais, provocando a destruição desses, e do osso alveolar, responsável pela fixação do dente. Com sua evolução há o amolecimento do dente devido a perda óssea e ocasionando a perda do dente, (provocada pela presença do tártaro).A gengivite é uma inflamação dos tecidos gengivais que circundam o dente. Geralmente é precedida pela placa bacteriana no sulco gengival.A falta de higienização adequada também pode comprometer a saúde da gengiva. Um dos primeiros sintomas de que ela está com algum problema é a presença de inchaços, cor avermelhada e sangramento durante a escovação. Esses são sinais de gengivite, ou seja, inflamação nessa região. “A gengiva é tão importante quanto o dente; para mantê-la saudável é fundamental, após a escovação, passar o fio dental corretamente entre as curvas dos dentes.” Se a gengivite não for tratada, a infecção pode se "espalhar" e comprometer a estrutura que sustenta os dentes, a gengiva começa a se soltar e a se retrair dos dentes (esta fase é chamada de periodontite). Isto permite que a placa bacteriana se mova em direção às raízes, às fibras de sustentação e ao osso. Para evitar maiores problemas no futuro, além da higiene bucal, o ideal é visitar o dentista de 6 em 6 meses. As Doenças Periodontais são diagnosticadas pelo cirurgião-dentista.
A placa bacteriana, com o tempo, poderá se mineralizar formando o tártaro ou cálculo gengival. Juntos, a placa e o tártaro deslocam as gengivas através da destruição das fibras que prendem o dente à gengiva. Se essa alteração não for tratada, a estrutura óssea que sustenta o dente poderá se comprometer e, a longo prazo, poderá ocorrer a perda do elemento dental. Esse abalo na estrutura óssea é denominado Periodontite (doença periodontal).