Testando: Membrana Plasmática
Autor: Profª  Elisa | Publicado: 2015-09-29T16:10:00-04:00

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1- (ACAFE)&nbsp; Quando comparamos uma célula animal com uma vegetal podemos observar que:

  

a) mitocôndrias ocorrem somente em células animais.

  

b) a parede celular presente nos animais é formada de celulose rígida, porém, permeável à agua.

  

c) os lisossomos são estruturas exclusivas de células vegetais.

  

d) nas células animais são estruturas ausentes os plastos e a parede celular.




2- (UCS) Para entender as propriedades da membrana celular e o processo de osmose, um biólogo realizou o experimento descrito a seguir.  

Três conjuntos de hemácias foram expostos a três diferentes soluções, conforme descrito abaixo.&nbsp;



  

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; A-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; O primeiro conjunto foi exposto a uma solução isotônica em relação ao líquido intracelular das hemácias.

  

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; B-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; O segundo conjunto foi exposto a uma solução hipotônica em relação ao líquido intracelular das hemácias.

  

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; C-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; O terceiro conjunto foi exposto a uma solução hipertônica em relação ao líquido intracelular das hemácias.

  




Assinale a alternativa correta, que corresponde aos resultados desse experimento.

&nbsp;a) as hemácias mantêm sua forma e seu volume, pois são impermeáveis à água.

  

b) as hemácias mantêm sua forma e seu volume somente quando expostas à solução hipertônica.

  

c) as hemácias murcham quando expostas à solução isotônica.

  

d) as hemácias incham quando expostas à solução hipotônica.

  

e) as hemácias incham quando expostas à solução isotônica.




3- (EE 19 de Julho – 2014) Na imagem abaixo&nbsp; estão representadas duas células (A e B) separadas por uma membrana semipermeável.



&nbsp;Analisando a imagem, podemos afirmar que:
I – a célula B é hipertônica quando comparada com a célula A.
II – no processo de difusão, o soluto vai passar do meio A para o meio B.
III – no processo de osmose, o solvente vai passar do meio A para o meio B.
IV – Após a difusão, quando as concentrações das duas células forem equivalentes, dizemos que elas &nbsp;sãohipertônicas.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
&nbsp;

Com relação às afirmações acima:

  

a) apenas I está correta&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;

b) apenas II está correta&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 

  

c) apenas II e III estão corretas&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

d) apenas IV está correta&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

e) apenas III e IV estão corretas




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4- (EE 19 de Julho – 2014) “O corpo humano é composto por células. Olhe-se em um espelho, o que você está vendo são cerca de 10 trilhões de células divididas em mais ou menos 200 tipos diferentes. Nossos músculos são compostos de células musculares, nosso fígado é feito de células específicas do fígado, e chegam a existir tipos específicos de células para os nossos dentes ou para o cristalino dos nossos olhos.



 Se quiser entender como funciona o seu corpo, deve entender como funcionam as células. Tudo, da reprodução a infecções ou à maneira como ossos quebrados se recuperam, tudo acontece em nível celular. Se deseja entender novos campos de conhecimento como a biotecnologia e a engenharia genética, precisa entender as células também.”




&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Disponível em: http://www.hsw.uol.com.br/celulas.htm
 




 &nbsp;Para compreendermos o funcionamento celular, é preciso também identificar a estrutura fundamental de uma célula, que está descrita corretamente em:

  

a) Membrana, citoplasma, complexo de golgi e mitocôndrias

  

b) Núcleo, citoplasma, lisossomos e peroxissomos

  

c) Membrana plasmática, citoplasma, núcleo e ribossomos

  

d) Membrana plasmática, citoplasma, ribossomos e lisossomos

  

e) Membrana nuclear, membrana plasmática, retículo endoplasmático e lisossomos.

  &nbsp;

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5- (EE 19 de Julho – 2014) “Todos os seres vivos são formados por células, sejam eles micro-organismos ou animais bem grandes. Esses seres vivos podem ter uma célula apenas (unicelulares) ou várias células (pluricelulares). Alguns seres vivos são bem primitivos e possuem células procariotas, enquanto outros seres são mais evoluídos e complexos e possuem células eucariotas. Acredita-se que as células dos primeiros seres vivos que surgiram na Terra eram procariotas.”

  

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Disponível em: http://www.escolakids.com/celulas-procarioticas-e-eucarioticas.htm

  



&nbsp;Analise a imagem acima e assinale as afirmações corretas:

  

a) ( &nbsp;&nbsp; ) A célula nº 1 é uma célula eucarionte.

  

b) ( &nbsp;&nbsp; ) As células procariontes não possuem membrana nuclear, mas possuem organelas membranosas.

  

c) ( &nbsp;&nbsp; ) As células procariontes não possuem membrana nuclear e também não possuem organelas membranosas.

  

d) ( &nbsp;&nbsp; ) As células eucariontes possuem diversas organelas membranosas.

  

e) ( &nbsp;&nbsp; ) Os vírus são formados por células eucariontes.

  




6- (EE 19 de Julho – 2014) “Além de transportar nutriente rico em líquido através das membranas celulares, uma função muito importante de osmose é o de manter uma concentração ideal de soluto dentro da célula.&nbsp;Osmose equilibra a pressão e concentração da solução em ambos os lados de uma membrana semipermeável, fazendo mover as moléculas de água a partir do lado de alta concentração para o lado de baixa concentração, passando através da parede semiabsorvente de material que se encontra entre ambos os lados.”

  

Disponível em: http://www.lifestyles.com.br/index.htm/2012/07/importancia-da-osmose-nos-organismos-vivos/

  






 

A imagem acima mostra hemácias humanas em soluções de diferentes concentrações. Analise o que acontece em cada situação e assinale as alternativas corretas.
   

a) ( &nbsp;&nbsp; ) Em B, a solução é hipertônica, tendo em vista que está saindo água e a célula está ficando murcha (crenação).

b)( &nbsp;&nbsp; ) Em C, a solução é isotônica, pois a mesma quantidade de água que entra na célula, também sai.

c) ( &nbsp;&nbsp; ) Em A, a solução é hipotônica, pois se observa a entrada de água na célula.

d) ( &nbsp;&nbsp; ) Em C, ocorre a lise celular, pois as células animais não possuem parede celular e a água entra na célula, provocando seu rompimento.

e) ( &nbsp;&nbsp; ) Comparando as soluções podemos dizer que em A, a solução é isotônica, em B é hipertônica e em C é hipotônica.



7- (EE 19 de Julho – 2014) Associe a 1ª coluna com a 2ª:

a) Endocitose&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; ) Saída de substâncias da célula

b) Fagocitose&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; ) Meio com maior concentração de soluto

c) Pinocitose&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; ) Englobamento de partículas sólidas, através de pseudópodes

d) Exocitose&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; ) Substância que pode ser dissolvida

e) Soluto&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; ) Meio com menor concentração de soluto

f) Hipertônico&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; ) Entrada de substâncias na célula

g) Hipotônico&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; ) Englobamento de partículas em solução, através de invaginações da membrana



8- (EE 19 de Julho – 2014) Apesar de muito fina (...) a membrana plasmática é extremamente complexa e versátil, desempenhando inúmeras funções. Podemos observar sua importância para o bom funcionamento do organismo ao identificarmos sua participação nos casos de diabetes tipo II e também nos pigmeus.

Adaptado de Amabis &amp; Martho – Biologia das Células (Vol.1)

Com relação à membrana plasmática podemos afirmar que:

I – Sua constituição é basicamente de fosfolipídios e proteínas.

II – Os lipídios se organizam em três camadas em virtude das regiões hidrofílicas e hidrofóbicas.

III – A membrana é semipermeável, ou seja, tem permeabilidade seletiva.

IV – A modelo de organização da membrana plasmática recebeu o nome de mosaico fluído.

V – Nenhum tipo de célula possui colesterol na membrana plasmática.

VI – Em células animais, existe um envoltório externo à membrana plasmática, chamado glicocálix.

a) Apenas I, II e III estão corretas.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;

b) I, III, IV e VI estão corretas.

c) Apenas II e V estão corretas.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

&nbsp;d) I, II, IV e V estão corretas.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;

e) I, III, V e VI estão corretas.



9- (EE 19 de Julho – 2014) As diferenças de concentração entre os meios intra e extracelular são fundamentais para determinar/identificar o tipo de transporte de substâncias através da membrana plasmática. Analise a imagem abaixo e julgue como CORRETA ou ERRADA a afirmação sobre a mesma:




“ A imagem acima corresponde à um tipo de transporte ativo, onde ocorre gasto de energia. Neste tipo de transporte, o soluto passa do meio hipotônico para o hipertônico, com auxílio de proteínas. Um dos exemplos deste tipo de transporte é a Bomba de Na+ e de K+.”



   

(&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; ) correta&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; ) errada



10- (EE 19 de Julho – 2014) Muitas vezes, em nosso cotidiano, acontecem ‘coisas’ relacionadas ao que estudamos e sequer percebemos. Por exemplo, toda cozinheira sabe que se salgar a carne, ou outro alimento, pode colocar batatas para acertar o sal (1); também sabe que não se deve temperar saladas com antecedência, pois acumulará muita água (2) e que também não é recomendável por sal na batata antes de fritar (3). As situações citadas 1, 2 e 3 citadas acima são exemplos clássicos de:

a) Difusão – osmose – osmose

b) Osmose – difusão – osmose

c) Osmose – osmose – difusão

d) Fagocitose – pinocitose – exocitose

e) Difusão – difusão – difusão



&nbsp;Para ver o gabarito, clique em "mais informações"



Gabarito:

1- d&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 2- d&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 3-a&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 4- c&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 5- V F V V F

6- V F F V V&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 7- d-f-b-e-g-a-c&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 8- b&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 9- correto&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 10- a