DECISÃO RECENTE DO STJ SOBRE O PRAZO DE EMENDA À PETIÇÃO INICIAL (Informativo 494)
Autor: Prof. Rodrigo Chindelar | Publicado: 2012-04-24T19:58:00-07:00


&nbsp;Quando a Petição Inicial está em termos, cabe ao juiz dar o chamado "despacho liminar positivo", o famoso "cite-se", nos termos do art. 285 do CPC. Contudo, caso a exordial não preencha os requisitos exigidos na lei para o seu deferimento, o magistrado deve determinar a emenda à inicial no prazo de 10 (dez) dias (art. 284 do CPC).

Ocorre que o parágrafo único do mesmo art. 284 supracitado prevê que é caso de indeferimento da inicial quando o autor não cumpre tempestivamente o dever de emenda.

O STJ há muito vinha mitigando o rigor formal dessa regra e, a partir deste informativo nº 494, podemos dizer que a Corte Superior tem posição cristalizada, pois trata-se de julgamento proferido em âmbito de Recurso Repetitivo pela Segunda Seção. Vejam um resumo básico que preparei sobre prazos no CPC:
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Prazo é o lapso de tempo em que o ato processual pode ser validamente
praticado. É
delimitado por dois termos: termo
inicial (dies a quo) e termo final
(dies ad quem).

Quanto
à natureza, os prazos podem ser dilatórios
ou peremptórios. São dilatórios os prazos fixados em normas
dispositivas, que podem ser ampliados ou reduzidos de acordo com a convenção
das partes (Ex: art. 265, II, CPC).
São peremptórios os prazos fixados de
forma imperativa, que não permitem qualquer alteração pelas partes (Ex: Resposta do réu – art. 297, CPC).
Sobre a regra para as partes poderem reduzir ou prorrogar prazo dilatório,
consulte-se o art. 181 do CPC.

Assim, de acordo com a jurisprudência abaixo colacionada, o magistrado deverá aferir no caso concreto a possibilidade de emenda à petição inicial a destempo, pois se trata de prazo meramente dilatório.

Vejam o julgado: 


RECURSO REPETITIVO. PRAZO. EMENDA À INICIAL.
    


A Seção, ao apreciar o 
REsp submetido ao regime do art. 543-C do CPC e Res. n. 8/2008-STJ, 
firmou o entendimento de que o prazo previsto no art. 284 do CPC não é 
peremptório, mas dilatório.
Caso a petição inicial não preencha os requisitos exigidos nos arts. 282
 e 283 do CPC, ou apresente defeitos e irregularidades sanáveis que 
dificultem o julgamento do mérito, o juiz determinará que o autor a
emende ou a complete no prazo de 10 dias. Porém, decidiu-se que esse 
prazo pode ser reduzido ou ampliado por convenção das partes ou por 
determinação do juiz, nos termos do art. 181 do código mencionado. Com
base nesse entendimento, concluiu-se que mesmo quando descumprido o 
prazo de 10 dias para a regularização da petição inicial, por tratar-se 
de prazo dilatório, caberá ao juiz, analisando o caso concreto, admitir
ou não a prática extemporânea do ato pela parte. Precedentes citados: 
REsp 871.661-RS, DJ 11/6/2007, e REsp 827.242-DF, DJe 1º/12/2008. REsp 1.133.689-PE, Rel. Min. Massami Uyeda, julgado em 28/3/2012.