Conceitos Basicos das Proposicoes.
Autor: ANTONIO MADRID | Publicado: 2015-12-19T16:10:00-03:00




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AULA 2 – Raciocínio Lógico.








&nbsp; 
&nbsp; 
Assimilando os conceitos BÁSICOS.





Exemplos.



Questão 2 – (FCC/SEFAZ-SP/Fiscal de Rendas/2006) 



Das cinco frases baixo, quatro delas
têm uma mesma característica lógica em comum, enquanto uma delas não tem essa
característica.&nbsp;



&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
I.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
Que
belo dia!

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
II.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
Um
excelente livro de raciocínio Lógico

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
III.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
O
jogo termina empatado?

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
IV.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
Existe
vida em outros planetas do universo.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
V.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
Escreva
uma poesia.



A frase que não possui essa
característica comum é a:



1)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; I;

2)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; II;

3)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; III;

4)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; IV;

5)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; V.



Comentários:



Ao analisar as &nbsp;frases da questão anterior, percebemos que
quatro delas ( I,II,III e V) possuem uma característica comum, qual seja: não
são preposições, pois, de acordo com o que vimos na Aula I, temos que, não são
Proposições as Sentenças do tipo :



·&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
Exclamativas;

·&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
Interrogativas;

·&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
Imperativas;

·&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
Sem
Verbo.



Agora, se prestarmos atenção, a frase
IV é uma Proposição, ou seja, uma Sentença Declarativa, pois conseguimos fazer
um julgamento de acordo com o seu conteúdo.

Alternativa correta; letra C.



Veja como é possível perceber que
todas as Proposições possuem algumas características&nbsp; básicas. 











Vamos ver mais um exemplo cobrado em
provas de concursos.

Questão 3 – (FCC/TCE – PB /Agente/2006)&nbsp;



Sabe-se que sentenças são orações com
sujeito ( Veja em Português – O termo a respeito do qual se declara algo) e
Predicado ( Tudo aquilo que se declara sobre o sujeito – suas características)
. Na relação seguinte há expressões e sentenças:&nbsp;



1)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
Três
mais nove é igual a doze.

2)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
Pelé
é Brasileiro.

3)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
O
jogador de Futebol.

4)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
A
idade de Maria.

5)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
A
metade de um número.

6)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
O
triplo de 15 é maior do que 10.



É correto afirmar que, na relação dada, são sentenças, apenas os itens de
números:



a)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
1,2
e 6.

b)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
2,3
e 4.

c)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
3,4
e 5.

d)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
1,2,5
e 6.

e)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
2,3,4
e 5.



Veja que precisamos saber alguns
conceitos de Português! Para apreendermos lógica é necessário, antes de tudo,
termos uma boa base de Português.&nbsp;



No enunciado temos que, uma Sentença
é uma Oração. Logo é imprescindível que haja Verbo para que seja uma Oração.
Somente com esta informação já descartamos os itens 3,4 e 5, pois nenhum
possui&nbsp; Verbo na sua estrutura. Logo não
são Sentenças ou Proposições Lógicas.



Logo a resposta correta é a letra
“a”. 



Bem pessoal, por hoje é só! Na próxima
aula vamos ver alguns Princípios aplicados às Proposições. Até breve! 



REFERÊNCIAS:



Raciocínio
     Lógico – Teoria e questões comentadas: Prof. Alex Lira. Aula Inaugural.
http://psiconocimiento.blogspot.com.br/