Fundamentos do Direito Público
Autor: Saber Direito | Publicado: 2011-08-20T20:55:00-07:00


Professor: Roque Siqueira de Siqueira
Segunda, 2° Aula
Fundamentos do Direito Público
Bibliografia:Curso de Direito constitucional: Manuel Gonçalves Ferreira filhoCurso de Direito Constitucional Positivo: Josè Afonso
Clássicos:
Platão: A PolíticaAristóteles: CíceroSócrates: A RepúblicaJ.J Rousseau: Contrato SocialThomas Hobbes: O LeviatãThomas Moore: UtopiaMaquiavel: O PríncipeMontesquieu: Espírito das LeisJ. Locke: 3 livrosJoseph Emmanuelle Sieyes: O que ‘e o Terceiro Estado
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07/02/2011
fundamento do direito público:
O constitucionalconstituição 88
Origem:Sociedade:A família e a base da sociedade, e dessa família, forma um clã, e esse clã, em tribo, da tribo á sociedade, e da sociedade o Estado.
Parlamento vem do parlatone do italiano.
Direito positivo: Quando o homem cria.
Como o direito evolui:
O triangulo significa o indivíduo.
O homem tem ética quem tem moral é a sociedade.
Ètica: Pessoa... ética vem da base familiar
Moral: Sociedade (valor social), onde temos que ter cultura (cultura uso e costumes de bases) junto com a religião, a língua, o direito, é regras de conduta de um povo
Nós, bacharel de direito, vamos seguir uma ética!Livro: Teoria pura do direito - &nbsp;Autor - Hans Kelsen –Editora: Martins fontes
Relativismos cultura VS universalismo:Relativismo: Países que não abrem para o universo
Regime atípico: DitaduraRegime típico: Democracia
Constituição programática: &nbsp;Veio da França
Signatário = direito internacional
Tratado Ibero Americano de &nbsp;D. humanos - FHC 25/03/1994
Art 5° parágrafo 3°
nossa pais é laico, aceita todas as religiões.
Quando o homem cria uma lei ele está positivando.
Para que serve uma constituição:
Declaração de direitos fundamentais: Do Art 1° ao 4° fala-se do estado de direito.
São exemplificativos as declarações &nbsp;os 72 incisos do art 5°
Organização do Estado (F.G - F.E - R.G), obra de governo de estado, regime de estado.
*Cláusula Pétrea = vem do latim petrus: Significa que jamais será mudada aquela lei posta em nossa constituição.Exemplo: Trabalho forçado e pena de morte são impossíveis de serem mudadas, são Cláusulas Pétreas.
14/02/2011Estado e Ciência Política
ESTADO: Surge com o objetivo de organizar a sociedade através do poder legitimado no sufrágio universal- (é o voto) (Art. 1° - Parágrafo único , CF).&nbsp; È&nbsp; importante saber que a separação de poderes e o respeito a Constituição são mecanismos fundamentais ao Estado de Direito (art. 1, 2, 3 e 4 CF/88)
Ciência Política:1)é&nbsp; necessário o conhecimento das Instituições pois quem vive numa sociedade sem a consciência de como ela esta organizada e o seu papel que nela representa não é mais autômato( um robô) sem inteligência , sem vontade. 2) é necessário saber de que forma e de que métodos os problemas sociais deveram ser conhecidos e as soluções elaboradas para que não incorra no gravíssimo erro de importar formulas e ideias já consagradas em outras nações sem a necessária verificação e adequação com a realidade social&nbsp; 3) o aperfeiçoamento do estado esta na concepção do fato social da ordem social com base nos princípios Constitucionais explícitos e implícitos ( vide Art. 37; CF)L-I-M-P-ELegalidade-Impessoalidade- Moralidade- Publicidade- Eficiência

Poder  Conforme a doutrina, o Poder, é uno e indivisível apenas as suas funções ,são desconcentradas e descentralizadas. Salienta-se que esses instrumentos têm o escopo (objetivo) de evitar o abuso de poder e o desvio de finalidade que descaracterizam o chamado: Estado de Direito (Art. 1° ao 4°,CF)
21/02/2011
Poder Político/ExecutivoÉ a função exercida com a competência típica de executar, fiscalizar o exercício da administração publica (Art. 37 CF). É importante frisar que há as funções atípicas( julgar, editar normas-medida provisória). A demais separação de poderes não é absoluto e sim relativa, já que uma função (poder) fiscaliza e controla a outra função, são as chamadas freios e contrapesos (check and Balance)

Poder LegislativoÉ exercido com a competência típica de Legislar, no mesmo sentido o poder executivo de forma atípica pode exercer outras funções (julgar-CPI, administrar-FOLHA DE PAGAMENTO), acrescenta-se que o Poder Legislativo fiscaliza os gastos do Poder Executivo através da LOA (Lei Orçamentária Anual) de forma preventiva e na forma repressiva-administrativa por meio dos Tribunais de Contas.
Poder Judiciário Exerce a competência de forma independente (sem vínculo político seguindo os princípios constitucionais) colaborados pelos Órgãos Públicos e pelas Instituições democráticas ( Ministério Público; OAB; Conselho Nacional de Justiça-CNJ). É importante frisar que não há Hierarquia entre os Magistrados( 1,2,3 Instância) o que existe é a possibilidade constitucional do duplo grau de jurisdição através dos recursos processuais e constitucionais.
Jurisdição (Art. 1° ao 10° C. Civil)É a capacidade jurídica concedida aos órgãos públicos de fiscalizar e aplicar sanções administrativas perante o particular, salienta-se que a competência jurisdicional está vinculado pela determinação e divisão territorial (descentralização) por exemplo: a Dersa( Departamento de Estrada e Rodagem) tem a jurisdição nas estradas Estaduais, enquanto o Detran por meio da CET tem a competência municipal.
Separação de PoderesDesconcentração e Descentralização<!--[if !supportLists]-->a)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <!--[endif]-->Desconcentração: é o sistema horizontal da divisão ou tripartição das funções do Poder.<!--[if !supportLists]-->b)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <!--[endif]-->&nbsp;Descentralização é a Divisão vertical das funções delegadas de forma específica pelo Poder.
Estado de Direito
Princípios do Estado de Direito
LegalidadeIgualdade
<!--[if !supportLists]-->1)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <!--[endif]-->Igualdade de Direito e Fato Real<!--[if !supportLists]-->2)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <!--[endif]-->Igualdade Civil<!--[if !supportLists]-->3)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <!--[endif]-->Igualdade&nbsp; Fato Real


Supremacia da ConstituiçãoSeparação dos PoderesGarantia dos Direitos Individuais


POVO:Jus solo: tem um elo com o solo..terraJus sangüíneo: tem um elo genético.
POPULAÇÃO:Povo+Estrangeiro

Licão de casa:Manoel Gonçalves Ferreira Filho- DIREITO CONSTITUCIONAL&nbsp;Cap 4: Poder ConstituinteCap 15: Separação de PoderesCap 30: Os Princípios do Estado de Direito.Cap 31: A Doutrina dos Direitos Fundamentais e sua Evolução   

AULA DIA 14/03/2011
ESTADO
<!--[if !supportLists]-->·&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <!--[endif]-->Os elementos que constituem o Estado são:- Povo- Território- Governo soberano/soberania/poder
Povo: é a identidade homogênea de uma nação vinculada a um território, geograficamente delimitado com características próprias, cultura, língua e tradições. Em síntese, o povo está vinculado ao:Jus solo: direito da terraJus sangüíneo: direito do sangue
Território: é a demarcação territorial de um país de forma harmônica e contínua.
Soberania: é o poder máximo de um Estado em face de outros Estados. A soberania poder ser interna, por exemplo, em Estados federativos a soberania é representada no âmbito federal/união, enquanto a soberania externa é representada pelo chefe de Estado (presidente ou rei); ministro das relações interiores; embaixador; diplomatas
<!--[if !supportLists]-->·&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <!--[endif]-->Há dois tipos de Estado: Perfeito: É a idéia da existência dos três elementos constitutivosImperfeito: Nesse caso faltará um ou dois elementos, com exceção do povo que é essencial. Obs. Alguns autores defendem a idéia do Estado nômade
* População: povo + estrangeiro
PRINCIPIO DO ESTADO DE DIREITO&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; São o povo, território e soberania, baseados em uma Constituição.
&nbsp;*Legalidade&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; *Igualdade&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;     <v:shape id="Conector_x0020_de_x0020_seta_x0020_reta_x0020_3" o:gfxdata="UEsDBBQABgAIAAAAIQC75UiUBQEAAB4CAAATAAAAW0NvbnRlbnRfVHlwZXNdLnhtbKSRvU7DMBSF
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" o:spid="_x0000_s1028" style="height: 48.75pt; margin-left: 60.45pt; margin-top: 3.5pt; mso-height-percent: 0; mso-height-percent: 0; mso-height-relative: page; mso-position-horizontal-relative: text; mso-position-horizontal: absolute; mso-position-vertical-relative: text; mso-position-vertical: absolute; mso-width-percent: 0; mso-width-percent: 0; mso-width-relative: page; mso-wrap-distance-bottom: 0; mso-wrap-distance-left: 9pt; mso-wrap-distance-right: 9pt; mso-wrap-distance-top: 0; mso-wrap-style: square; position: absolute; visibility: visible; width: 32.25pt; z-index: 251658752;" type="#_x0000_t32">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Estado absolutista -&gt; Revolução -&gt; Estado Constitucional&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Buscavam liberdade pública
Democracia (é impossível existir uma democracia direta)

<!--[if !supportLists]-->1)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <!--[endif]-->Igualdade Civil e Fato Real
21/03/2011

  &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; PL&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;PE&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;PJTípica&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Legislar&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Exec/ADM&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Julgar&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;FiscalizarAtípica&nbsp;&nbsp; Julgar/CPI &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Julgar&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Adm/Fiscalizar&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Fiscalizar/TC&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Legislar&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Legislar&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Editar Medida Provisória&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <!--[if !supportLists]-->·&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <!--[endif]-->O poder atípico do “Poder Legislativo” tem como julgar através da CPI e fiscalizar através do TC (Tribunal de contas)
<!--[if !supportLists]-->·&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <!--[endif]-->MP é um órgão independente que auxilia o poder judiciário
09/05/2011
Garantia Direitos individuais
Dos Art. 1° ao 4°, falam sobre o as garantias ......
Instrumentos constitucionais( remédios constitucionais)
- Habeas Corpus- Mandado de segurança- Habeas datas- Mandado de injunção
Estado democrata de direito
<!--[if !supportLists]-->·&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <!--[endif]-->Povo <!--[if !supportLists]-->·&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <!--[endif]-->Território<!--[if !supportLists]-->·&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <!--[endif]-->Soberania<!--[if !supportLists]-->·&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <!--[endif]-->Sufrágio<!--[if !supportLists]-->·&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <!--[endif]-->Universal<!--[if !supportLists]-->·&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <!--[endif]-->CF








      Estado absolutista      Revolução      Estado   liberal/constitucional      Revolução      Estado social      Revolução      Estado neo liberal
  
      Monarquia      Inglaterra - 1688      Monarquia   constitucionalRes pública      1808 – Revolução   industrial      1990 – Queda   comunista “ex: URSS      
      Veio para intervi   no Estado  
      Sistema feodal      EUA - 1776      Surgem os burgos e   cai os feodais      
      
      
      
  
      
      França - 1789      
      
      
      
      
  

Perseguição: O Estado social substitui o Estado de direito? – Não,&nbsp; Estado social é sub espécie do Estado de direito
Sujeito Estado:
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" o:spid="_x0000_s1026" strokecolor="black [1600]" strokeweight="2pt" style="height: 8.1pt; left: 0; margin-left: 105.2pt; margin-top: 3.95pt; mso-height-percent: 0; mso-height-percent: 0; mso-height-relative: margin; mso-position-horizontal-relative: text; mso-position-horizontal: absolute; mso-position-vertical-relative: text; mso-position-vertical: absolute; mso-width-percent: 0; mso-width-percent: 0; mso-width-relative: margin; mso-wrap-distance-bottom: 0; mso-wrap-distance-left: 9pt; mso-wrap-distance-right: 9pt; mso-wrap-distance-top: 0; mso-wrap-style: square; position: absolute; text-align: left; v-text-anchor: middle; visibility: visible; width: 20.6pt; z-index: 251659776;" type="#_x0000_t69">Fato jurídico &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; ato jurídico&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; negócio jurídico – efeito:Contrato jurídico – sujeito ativo/sujeito passivo<!--[if !supportLists]-->·&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <!--[endif]-->Introdução ao Direito Processual
Candidato itinerante – é inconstitucional
Os instrumentos Art. 14
16/05/2011
Sujeito Estado
- Personalidade Jurídica (todos tem personalidade jurídica. Baseado no nascimento. E a capacidade com o tempo)Origem: o Estado preconizado em 1324 por Marcílio de Pádua, em “Defensus Pacis” (defesa da paz) instituiu a separação da religião da política.Em 1513, Nocolai Maquiavele, em O Príncipe, instituiu o (“status” – Estar firme), como instituição organizacional politico administrativo, onde o Estado submetia a ordem social punitiva a todos os cidadãos, com sabe no poder “soberanus” (nada acima)No século 19, a doutrina alemã, elaborou a tese do Estado, não mais apenas, como poder organizacional da sociedade “ordem social”, e sim, como instituição participativa da sociedade, assim surge a necessidade de estabelecer a personalidade jurídica do Estado, ou seja, sujeito de direito e obrigações.
Pode executivo: “Administração indireta”<!--[if !supportLists]-->·&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <!--[endif]-->Autarquia: criada em 1930, pelo jurista italiano “Santi Romano”, e sua principal característica é a descentralização político administrativo, ou seja, “longa Manus” (braço longo) do estado.Objeto/natureza jurídica: a autarquia presta serviço rotineiros e de pequena importância estratégica, por isso está situado na administração indireta, nos dias de hoje, na ideia de participação privada, na prestação&nbsp; de serviços públicos, podemos exemplificar as ‘ONG’s”.Exemplo de autarquias: hospitais, agências do INSS, universidades, etc...<!--[if !supportLists]-->·&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <!--[endif]-->Sociedade de economia mista: são constituídas, pelo menos por 51% do capital público e o restante capital privado.Exemplo: Banco do Brasil.<!--[if !supportLists]-->·&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <!--[endif]-->Fundação pública<!--[if !supportLists]-->·&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <!--[endif]-->Empresa pública