Enem - Como seriam as questões se os alunos do curso de Ciência Biológicas - UFMA as elaborassem? III
Autor: Biologadas | Publicado: 2011-11-29T08:02:00-08:00

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Por: Louiziane Nascimento Competência de área 4 – Compreender interações entre organismos e ambiente, em particular aquelas relacionadas à saúde humana, relacionando conhecimentos &nbsp;científicos, aspectos culturais e características individuais.Habilidade 14 – Identificar padrões em fenômenos e processos vitais dos organismos, como manutenção do equilíbrio interno, defesa, relações com o ambiente, sexualidade, entre outros.
O Mar Morto, que na verdade é um grande lago localizado no Oriente Médio e alimentado pelo rio Jordão, possui a água mais salgada do mundo, com concentração dez vezes maior do que os demais. Seu nome se deve a escassez de organismos, que ali chegam através do rio Jordão, capazes de sobreviver em condições tão extremas. Apesar do nome mórbido e pouco acolhedor, turistas de todo o mundo são atraídos pelas suas peculiaridades, uma delas é que nesse grande lago, os corpos flutuam sem nenhum tipo de esforço.A partir do texto acima, pode-se inferir que:I.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; As pessoas que entram no mar morto flutuam sem nenhum tipo de esforço por que a densidade de seus corpos é menor do que a densidade do meio.II.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Levando-se em consideração o processo osmótico, o mar morto pode ser considerado como um meio hipertônico e qualquer organismo nele inserido, como um meio hipotônico.III.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; A alta concentração do mar morto explica a alta capacidade de flutuação dos corpos, mas não sua esterilidade.IV.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Os organismos que chegam ao Mar Morto, através do Rio Jordão, perdem água por osmose e acabam morrendo desidratados.V.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Levando-se em consideração o processo osmótico, o mar morto pode ser considerado como um meio hipotônico e qualquer organismo nele inserido, como um meio hipertônico.
Estão corretas as inferências:a)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; I; III; Vb)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; I; II; IIIc)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; II; IV; Vd)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; I; II; III; IVe)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; I; III; IV; V

f)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; GABARITO: d) I; II; III; IVJustificativa do gabarito:A osmose é um processo em que, através de uma membrana semipermeável, o solvente tende a passar do meio menos concentrado (hipotônico) para o meio mais concentrado (hipertônico), assim o Mar Morto equivale ao meio hipertônico (alta concentração de sal) em relação a um organismo nele inserido, que por sua vez funciona como meio hipotônico.&nbsp;Muitos organismos apresentam adaptações para sobreviver em ambiente com concentração diferente a do seu corpo. Como o Rio Jordão possui água doce, os organismos que chegam à água salgada do Mar Morto por meio deste rio, morrem (perdem, excessivamente, água por osmose) por não possuírem adaptações para esse tipo de ambiente. A esterilidade do Mar Morto está intimamente ligada à grande facilidade de flutuar nesse ambiente, visto que a alta salinidade explica esses dois fenômenos.