Ano Internacional dos Povos Afrodescendentes 2011
Autor: Claudio SER | Publicado: 2011-04-06T12:55:00-03:00

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 <![endif]-->  Um ano dedicado aos afrodescendentesEstima-se que 150 milhões de pessoas que se identificam como sendo de ascendência africana vivem na América Latina e no Caribe. Muitos outros milhões vivem em outras partes do mundo, fora do continente africano. Ao proclamar o Ano Internacional, a comunidade internacional está reconhecendo que as pessoas de ascendência africana representam um setor específico da sociedade, cujos direitos humanos devem ser promovidos e protegidos.As pessoas de ascendência africana são reconhecidas na Declaração e no Programa de Ação de Durban1 como um grupo de vítimas específicas que continuam sofrendo discriminação, como legado histórico do comércio transatlântico de escravos. Mesmo afrodescendentes que não são descendentes diretos dos escravos enfrentam o racismo e a discriminação que ainda hoje persistem, gerações depois do comércio de escravos.Para corrigir os erros do passado“Este é o ano para reconhecer o papel das pessoas de ascendência africana no desenvolvimento global e para discutir a justiça para atos discriminatórios correntes e passados que levaram à situação de hoje”
(Mirjana Najcevska, Presidente do Grupo de Trabalho das Nações Unidas de Peritos sobre Pessoas de Ascendência Africana)O racismo obsceno que foi a base do comércio de escravos e da colonização ainda ressoa hoje. Ele se manifesta de diversas maneiras, às vezes sutilmente, às vezes inconscientemente, como preconceito contra as pessoas com pele mais escura.
Para encontrar formas de combater o racismo, a ex-Comissão das Nações Unidas para os Direitos Humanos criou o Grupo de Trabalho de Peritos sobre Pessoas de Ascendência Africana, encarregado de recomendar medidas para promover a igualdade de direitos e oportunidades. Foi criado em 2001 para analisar a situação e as condições de africanos e pessoas de ascendência africana, a fim de enfrentar a discriminação que elas sofrem.O Grupo de Trabalho concluiu que alguns dos mais importantes desafios que enfrentam as pessoas de ascendência africana dizem respeito à administração da justiça e seu acesso à educação, emprego, saúde e habitação.
Em alguns países, embora possam ser uma minoria, as pessoas de ascendência africana constituem uma parte da população carcerária desproporcionalmente alta percentagem e recebem sentenças mais duras do que os da etnia predominante. O enquadramento racial – que resulta na sistemática segmentação de pessoas de ascendência africana por policiais – criou e perpetuou grave estigmatização e estereótipos dos afrodescendentes como dotados de uma propensão à criminalidade.
Em muitos países com grande população de afrodescendentes, este setor da sociedade tem menos acesso e níveis mais baixos de educação. As evidências mostram que, quando as pessoas de ascendência africana têm maior acesso à educação, participam de forma mais igualitária em todos os aspectos políticos, econômicos e culturais da sociedade, bem como no avanço e no desenvolvimento econômico de seus países. Da mesma forma, elas encontram-se em melhores condições para defender seus próprios interesses.<!--[if !mso]> 
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O Grupo de Trabalho também constatou que os afrodescendentes sofrem de desemprego em um nível mais elevado do que outros setores das sociedades em que vivem e de acesso restrito à saúde e à habitação, muitas vezes devido à discriminação estrutural que está incorporada dentro de suas sociedades.O Grupo de Trabalho salienta que a coleta de dados desagregados sobre a base da etnia é um aspecto importante de abordagem dos direitos humanos de afrodescendentes. As políticas de governo para combater o racismo e a discriminação não podem ser corretamente formuladas, muito menos aplicadas, se essa informação não estiver disponível.