Autor: Nelson Vaz | Publicado: 2016-08-22T15:58:00-03:00


Com a
cabeça ôca.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Este meu amigo tomou LSD
somente uma vez na vida e ficou espantado demais para repetir a viagem. Durante
a experiência psicodélica ele disse ao amigo, sóbrio, que o acompanhava:
“Rapaz, como é que você pode continuar conversando enquanto derrete desse jeito?!”
Para ele, o amigo parecia derreter como um sorvete ao sol – e continuava a
falar como se nada estivesse acontecendo. Era espantoso demais.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Em 2007, eu li um artigo de
neurologistas franceses que constataram que um funcionário público francês, que
vivia uma vida normal, era casado com filhos, praticamente não tinha
cérebro!&nbsp; (Feuillet , Dufour, Pelletier,
2007). Em 2012, o filósofo&nbsp; Marek Majorek
expressa seu espanto de que uma menina possa viver uma vida “normal” com apenas
metade do cérebro. Para ele, uma notícia como esta não deveria se resumir a uma
pequena nota em um periódico científico: devia ser estampada em manchetes em
todos os jornais do mundo e discutida exaustivamente por cientistas (Majorek,
2012). Este tema &nbsp;- das pessoas “sem
cérebro” - foi revisto recentemente por Forsdyke (2015). Quer dizer, de maneira
formal e contida alguns cientistas expressam o mesmo espanto de meu amigo em
sua viagem de LSD.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Vivi um espanto similar quando
literalmente tropeçamos (Donald Hanson e eu) no fenômeno que hoje é chamado de
“tolerância oral” (Hanson et al., 1977; Vaz et al., 1977). E o espanto aumentou
quando constatamos que esta “tolerância” podia ser “adotivamente” transferida
por linfócitos T para animais “não-tolerantes” (Richman et al., 1978). Porque a
dose oral de antigeno (ovoalbumina) que usamos para desencadear a tolerância
(20 mg) representa cerca de 0,5% da ingesta diária de proteínas por um
camundongo adulto. Se o que encontráramos se aplicasse a todas as proteínas
ingeridas e também a produtos da microbiota intestinal – quer dizer, se em vez
da “memória”, uma reatividade secundária, mais intensa, o que surge é o inverso
disso, uma tolerância – , então, a imunologia inteira teria que ser virada pelo
avesso. (Além disso, na mesma época eu tinha encontrado Francisco Varela (Vaz
and Varela, 1978) e minha cabeça mudou de vez; talvez ainda esteja ôca.)

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Esse espanto teve um enorme
efeito em minha carreira em minha vida, mas não vou falar sobre isso aqui.
Hoje, aposentado, organizo um pequeno curso para alunos de biologia na UFMG;
ofereço 20 vagas, aparece uma dúzia de alunos atraídos pelo título:
“Imunologia: uma outra história”.&nbsp; Ontem,
após a primeira aula deste curso, recebi uma mensagem preocupante de um aluno:
“Me senti como se eu estivesse perdendo tempo durante esses 4,5 anos na ufmg.”
Respondi dizendo que estudar a imunologia tradicional não é uma perda de tempo;
que sem este estudo não poderíamos sequer saber que ela está incompleta e equivocada
em alguns de seus conceitos mais importantes. E me obrigo a tranquilizar a este
aluno e seus colegas para que não pensem que “nada vale a pena”. Mas acho bom
que eles encontrem coisas como estas, que deveriam estar nas manchetes dos jornais,
mas a gente continua conversando como se não estivéssemos derretendo.





Bibliografia

Feuillet L, Dufour H, Pelletier J (2007) Brain of a
white-collar worker. 

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Lancet
370:362

Forsdyke, D. R. (2015). "Wittgenstein’s Certainty is
Uncertain: Brain Scans of Cured &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Hydrocephalics
Challenge Cherished Assumptions." Biol Theory 10: 336–342.

Hanson, D. G.,
et al. (1977). "Inhibition of specific immune
responses by feeding protein antigens." &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Int.Arch.Allergy 55: 526-532.

Majorek MB (2012) Does the brain cause conscious experience?

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; J
Conscious Stud 19(3–4):121–144

Richman, L. K., et al. (1978). "Enterically-induced
immunological tolerance- I.Induction of &nbsp; supressor
T lymphocytes by intragastric administration of soluble protein antigens."


&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; J.
Immunol. 121: 2429-2434.

Vaz, N. M., et al. (1977). "Inhibition of
homocitotropic antibody response in adult mice by &nbsp;&nbsp; previous feeding of the specific antigen." J. Allergy Clin.
Immunol. 60: 110.
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Vaz, N. M. and F. G. Varela (1978). "Self and nonsense:
an organism-centered approach to &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; immunology."
Med. Hypothesis 4: 231-257.