Personagem p. 59 – 9º ano - A Revolta dos marinheiros
Autor: Profª. Rosangela Leite | Publicado: 2015-03-29T13:47:00-03:00

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A Revolta dos marinheiros 

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; No início do século XX,
grande parte do efetivo da marinha brasileira era formada por pessoas pobres,
muitas delas recrutadas entre ex-escravos e seus descendentes. Para os
oficiais, a disciplina da corporação só podia ser mantida com a mesma violência
aplicada antes nas grandes fazendas.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Os castigos corporais incluíam chibatadas, palmatórias
e prisões a ferro. A situação provocava revoltas contínuas entre os
marinheiros. O clima agravava-se ainda mais com as notícias que chegavam sobre
a revolta do encouraçado Potemkn, na Rússia (1905).

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; O estopim da revolta foi a punição do marinheiros
Marcelino Menezes, que recebeu 250 chibatadas, aplicadas pelo comandante do
encouraçado Minas Gerais diante de toda a tripulação. No dia 22 de novembro de
1910, por decisão unânime das lideranças, eclodiu a Revolta da Chibata.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Em pouco menos de uma hora, os marujos tomaram o
encouraçado Minas Gerais. Agiram sob a liderança de João Cândido Felisberto, um
marinheiro filho de ex-escravo que desde os 14 anos trabalhava na corporação.
Logo depois eles receberam o apoio dos encouraçados São Paulo, Bahia e Deodoro.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; A tensão na capital federal, que chegou a ser
bombardeada, durou cerca de três dias. O governo decidiu então ceder às
reivindicação dos rebeldes e anistiar os revoltosos. No entanto, aproveitando a
desmobilização dos rebeldes, o governo voltou atrás e ordenou a expulsão dos
principais líderes da revolta. Nesse clima conturbado, estourou uma rebelião,
agora de fuzileiros navais.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Vários marinheiros foram presos e sumariamente
executados. João Cândido permaneceu na cadeia por 18 meses e depois foi
encaminhado para um hospital psiquiátrico, de onde saiu em 1914. Muitos
marinheiros foram levados para a Amazônia, obrigados a trabalhar na extração do
látex ou na instalação de linha telegráficas.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Terminava, assim, uma revolta que revelava as mazelas
a sociedade brasileira, marcada pela escravidão, por conflitos étnicos e pela
pobreza de grande parte da população. 

1. Que semelhanças existem
entre a Guerra de canudos, a Guerra do Contestado e a Revolta da Chibata? Os dois movimentos
tiveram características rurais, apoiavam-se em crenças messiânicas e revelaram
o anseio por terra e por uma religiosidade popular independente do controle da
Igreja Católica.

2. como o governo
republicano tratou esses movimentos sociais? O tratamento recebido pelo movimento do
Contestado pelo governo foi o mesmo reservado a Canudos e a Revolta da Armada,
por exemplo. As autoridades promoveram uma violenta repressão, que resultou na
morte de milhares de pessoas. Na Guerra do Contestado, em que o governo
utilizou peças de artilharia e metralhadora para combater os rebeldes, morreram
cerca de 20 mil pessoas.