(Indisciplina)Punição: entrou por um ouvido, saiu pelo outro
Autor: marivaldo leite | Publicado: 2013-03-01T13:18:00-08:00

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Artigo de opinião

 

  
  
  
   

    
    
(Indisciplina)Punição: entrou por um ouvido, saiu pelo outro

   


 



A disciplina, como metodologia educacional, é uma das principais ferramentas
na qual a pedagogia se utiliza para manter o “bom andamento” das aulas. Como
educadores, oferecemos recompensas e punições para selecionar bons
comportamentos e eliminar os indesejados, contudo as práticas desses mecanismos
de controle já não possuem muita eficácia no ensino médio.


Nessa nova etapa da vida escolar, as crianças tornam-se adolescentes e com
isso, surge também uma maior força de resistência aos modelos tradicionais de
controle e disciplina. 


Os motivadores extrínsecos são difíceis de serem descartados não apenas
porque muitos professores não sabem o que fazer sem eles, mas também porque
geralmente conseguem a realização da atividade desejada. Outra razão na qual se
adota a orientação extrínseca é a aceitação da idéia de que, fazendo-se alguma
coisa sobre o problema, significa fazer algo para os adolescentes.


Em sua maioria, os professores elegem as punições como principal meio de
controle, porém segundo Kamii (1990) as punições levam a três possíveis
resultados: “calculo de riscos”, no qual os adolescentes gastam seu tempo
calculando se conseguiriam fazer algo impunemente, “conformismo cego” no qual
os professores não conseguem ensinar a tomada responsável de decisões e a
revolta.


Skinner, grande psicólogo americano da Psicologia comportamental, sustenta a
tese de que, ao se punir alguém, procura-se tão-somente ensinar o que esta
pessoa não deve fazer e provê-la de uma orientação insuficiente sobre aquilo
que deveria ter feito. A punição nem sequer ensina o que não fazer muito menos
a razão para fazê-lo, o que ela ensina na verdade, é o desejo de evitar a
punição.


Sob a premissa “E se vocês forem bons...” nossas recompensas e elogios fazem
do educar algo menos autoritário e punitivo, porém as recompensas também punem,
elas não fazem adolescentes nem um pouco mais autônomos que as punições.


As recompensas rompem relacionamentos. Elas abrem uma enorme brecha entre
educadores e alunos, definidos a partir delas como recompensadores e
recompensados. Além disso, as recompensas ignoram razões e reduzem o desejo da
criança para atuar de maneira particular.


Os valores verdadeiros e intrínsecos tem que se desenvolver de dentro para
fora. Elogios e castigos podem mudar o comportamento, mas não podem mudar a
pessoa que se compromete com o mesmo. Não devemos dar recompensas para
adolescentes por terem realizado algo, mas oferece-lhes sempre uma razão para continuar
a agir dessa forma.