Dependência e uso nocivo do álcool na gestação
Autor: Eli Mendes de Moraes | Publicado: 2011-12-15T18:40:00-08:00


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<![endif]-->Recentemente criada pela Associação Médica Brasileira, a
Comissão de Combate ao Alcoolismo e Drogas da AMB, presidida pelo psiquiatra
Ronaldo Laranjeira, lançou há pouco tempo um curso on-line de Educação Continuada
sobre Diagnóstico e Tratamento da Dependência e Uso Nocivo do Álcool. O
programa visa apresentar uma série de técnicas para antecipar o diagnóstico da
dependência química e está disponível no site da AMB (www.amb.org.br). É aberto
a médicos de qualquer especialidade, gratuitamente.
&nbsp;
O curso é básico, feito para identificar pessoas que fazem uso
nocivo do álcool antes de se tornar dependentes, para que seja possível uma
intervenção precoce. “Embora não haja uma abordagem específica, incluem-se aí
mulheres, gestantes e homens. No caso das gestantes, destacam-se os riscos de
uso na gravidez e as técnicas que podem ser usadas especificamente para este
público”, destaca Claudio Jerônimo da Silva, diretor de ensino, professor e
pesquisador da UNIAD (Unidade de Pesquisa em Álcool e Drogas) e da INPAD
(Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia para Políticas Públicas do Álcool e
Outras Drogas). 
&nbsp;
De acordo com o psiquiatra, que coordena o programa com
Ronaldo Laranjeira, a investigação na gestante é fundamental, em virtude do
risco de o bebe nascer com a chamada Síndrome Alcoólica Fetal. 
&nbsp;
“Uma investigação específica sobre o hábito de consumo do
álcool deve ser feita durante o pré-natal para evitar a ocorrência do problema.
A síndrome é o principal fator que deve ser prevenido, uma vez que é grave e
provoca consequências definitivas para a criança, tais como deficiência mental.
Isso sem falar na síndrome de abstinência na&nbsp; criança, nos casos em que a
mãe faz uso de álcool em grande quantidade no final da gravidez ou durante a
amamentação.”
&nbsp;
Nesse caso, a criança nasce irritada, chorando muito, não
consegue dormir. Pesquisas mostram que crianças expostas à bebida alcoólica na
gestação ou amamentação têm maior predisposição a desenvolver dependência no futuro.

&nbsp;
“Não sabemos qual é o mecanismo exato, mas parece que, além da
questão genética, expor ao álcool um cérebro em formação torna-o mais
vulnerável a desenvolver dependência no futuro.”

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Comissão de Combate ao Alcoolismo e Drogas
da AMB
&nbsp;


O lançamento da Comissão contou com a presença do Secretário
de Estado da Saúde, Giovanni Guido Cerri, que destacou algumas estatísticas
importantes relacionadas à realidade do consumo de álcool no Brasil: “40% dos
menores de idade no Brasil consomem álcool e, na maioria dos casos, este
consumo foi introduzido pela família”. &nbsp;No entanto, destacou o secretário, 97% dos adultos e mais de
80% dos adolescentes apoiam a restrição ao uso de álcool por adolescentes.
Quanto aos problemas relacionados à bebida, Cerri salientou a ligação com a
violência geral e sexual, envolvimento com outras drogas e problemas
familiares.
&nbsp;Cerri discorreu ainda sobre a lei encaminhada a Assembleia
Legislativa de São Paulo que reforça a proibição da venda de álcool para
menores, e também o consumo, 
&nbsp;“A atual lei não prevê nenhum tipo de sanção para quando
jovens consomem álcool em um estabelecimento comercial. Agora a lei amplia essa
restrição, indicando que o estabelecimento é responsável pela utilização do
álcool por menores. Antes existia proibição, mas não a penalidade, ou seja, a
lei era inócua”. (Sai última frase: Segundo o secretário, a norma deve ser
aprovada até o início de setembro deste ano.)







Acesse esse link e veja otimos videos
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http://www.amb.org.br/teste/comissoes/anti_tabagismo/videos.html



SÓCRATES "Conhece-te a ti mesmo"&nbsp;


Como falar de
Sócrates, que tanto brilhou no futebol e que deveria agora brilhar como médico?






Que tinha a
arte de elegantemente cruzar os gramados nas últimas décadas deste século,
provocando o som ensurdecedor das arquibancadas pelo mundo afora, em uníssono...
gooolll!



Que tragédia!




Ironicamente,
projeto-me ao passado e nos empoeirados livros encontro... &nbsp;



“O julgamento e a execução de Sócrates são
eventos centrais da obra de Platão. Sócrates admitiu que poderia ter evitado
sua condenação (beber o veneno chamado cicuta) se
tivesse desistido do seu plano. Mesmo depois de sua condenação, ele poderia ter
evitado sua morte se tivesse escapado com a ajuda de amigos. A razão para sua
cooperação com a justiça da pólis e com seus próprios
valores mostra uma valiosa faceta de sua filosofia, em especial aquela que é
descrita nos diálogos com Críton”. 

O Sócrates
dos nossos tempos, que desafiava a lei da gravidade com sua chuteira voadora,
fazendo curvas e empurrando a rede com a bola até o seu limite, também poderia
ter evitado a sua morte, digamos... “precoce”.



Se tivesse
bebido a metade do que de fato bebeu, poderia estar ainda encostando o seu estetoscópio
no peito de pacientes sorridentes, que ao sair lhe pediriam autógrafos.

Até uma “bolinha”
no final de semana quiçá, poderia bater com os amigos. Mas foi diferente! Seu
nome diferentemente do passado que compilava os mais importantes jornais, hoje ficou
gravado em uma lápide. Ele não era eterno é verdade, mas foi cedo demais!

Aos bebedores
ditos “sociais”, digo... O Sócrates também era um! 



Ideias filosóficas

As crenças de Sócrates, em
comparação às de Platão, são difíceis de discernir. Há poucas diferenças entre as duas ideias
filosóficas. Consequentemente, diferenciar as crenças filosóficas de Sócrates,
Platão e Xenofonte é uma tarefa difícil e deve-se sempre lembrar que o que é
atribuído a Sócrates pode refletir o pensamento dos outros autores.

Se algo pode ser dito sobre as
ideias de Sócrates, é que ele foi moralmente, intelectualmente e
filosoficamente diferente de seus contemporâneos atenienses. Quando estava
sendo julgado por heresia e por corromper a juventude, usou seu método de elenchos para demonstrar as crenças
errôneas de seus julgadores. Sócrates acredita na imortalidade da alma e que
teria recebido, em um certo momento de sua vida, uma missão especial do deus
Apolo Apologia, a defesa do logos apolíneo "conhece-te
a ti mesmo".



Penso que
esse dito de Sócrates tem muito daquilo que precisamos... Conhecermo-nos a nos
mesmos, seria como nos envolver nos limites aos quais somos expostos e vivermos
o tanto que nos foi conferido. Ou interromper a nossa historia na metade deixando
o restante para a posteridade.



Sócrates também duvidava da ideia
sofista de que a arete
(virtude) podia ser ensinada para as pessoas. Acreditava que a excelência moral
é uma questão de inspiração e não de parentesco, pois pais moralmente perfeitos
não tinham filhos semelhantes a eles. Isso talvez tenha sido a causa de não ter
se importado muito com o futuro de seus próprios filhos.