DE OLHO NO PLANETA PLUTÃO 
Autor: Roberto Arouck | Publicado: 2015-07-10T14:58:00-03:00


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A humanidade está prestes a conhecer pela primeira vez os confins do Sistema
Solar. Na terça-feira (14/07/15), após mais de nove anos de viagem, a espaçonave
americana New Horizons deverá sobrevoar Plutão, localizado a aproximadamente 5
bilhões de km da Terra. 


A essa distância, a própria comunicação com a sonda fica comprometida. Cada
troca de mensagens é precedida de um suspense cósmico: são necessárias nove
horas para uma informação ir e voltar. 


A New Horizons está programada para passar 12,5 mil km acima de Plutão e,
durante um período de 24 horas, colher inúmeras informações sobre o corpo
celeste. 


Será possível obter um nível impressionante de detalhes de sua superfície.
Se a espaçonave sobrevoasse a cidade de São Paulo a essa altitude, por exemplo,
suas lentes seriam capazes de reconhecer o lago do parque Ibirapuera. 


Concluída a missão de US$ 722 milhões, encerra-se um ciclo importante da
exploração espacial. 


As sondas Voyager, lançadas na década de 1970, abriram o caminho em direção
às profundezas da nossa vizinhança espacial. Ao passarem por Júpiter, Saturno,
Urano e Netuno, proporcionaram não só um incrível ganho de conhecimento como
transformaram longínquos pontos luminosos em verdadeiros mundos, repletos de
formas, cores e atividade interna. 


Faltava, para completar o álbum de fotografias do Sistema Solar, alcançar
Plutão –e o seu "rebaixamento" à categoria de planeta anão meses após
o lançamento da New Horizons não diminui em nada a relevância da missão
espacial. 


Descoberto em 1930, esse pequeno corpo celeste sempre foi uma anomalia. Os
quatro primeiros planetas (Mercúrio, Vênus, Marte e Terra) são esferas
rochosas; os quatro seguintes (Júpiter, Saturno, Urano e Netuno), gigantescas
bolas gasosas. E há Plutão. 


Com um quinto do tamanho da Terra, uma órbita muito diferente da dos demais
planetas e composto por cerca de um terço de gelo e dois terços de rocha, era
uma espécie de excrescência planetária. 


A descoberta de corpos de tamanho e características similares numa área
denominada Cinturão de Kuiper –à qual pertence Plutão– levou à mudança de
status. 


Independentemente da categoria ocupada pelo astro, porém, isso não muda o
fato de ele ser o representante mais notório de uma região ainda inexplorada e
cujo estudo pode ajudar a entender melhor a formação do Sistema Solar. 


Encerra-se, assim, um capítulo da curiosidade humana ao mesmo tempo em que
se abre outro.&nbsp;

FOLHA DE SÃO PAULO