Exclusão de Sócio
Autor: CARVALHO FREITAS Advogados | Publicado: 2012-08-22T10:36:00-03:00

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O moderno direito societário
entende o contrato de sociedade como um grupo de pessoas reunido com o propósito
de desenvolver um fim comum. Pois bem, as relações entre os sócios de uma
empresa, assim como as demais relações sociais, estão expostas as mais variadas
mudanças de cenário, no caso específico a atitude e o comportamento dos sócios. 

Quando tais atitudes prejudicam o
desenvolvimento do fim comum proposto pela sociedade, seja através da quebra do
dever de lealdade ou do dever de colaboração (justa causa), surge campo para
aplicação do instituto da exclusão de sócio. Evidente que a verificação da
quebra de tais deveres passa também pelo crivo do princípio da
proporcionalidade e razoabilidade, afinal de contas o instituto não se presta
para utilização oportunista de grupos de sócios da sociedade.

Deve-se ressaltar que o instituto
da exclusão de sócios em Sociedade Ltda. e, por vezes, em “Sociedades Anônimas fechadas
de pessoas” pode ser operado de forma extrajudicial, quando previsto no
contrato social ou no estatuto a possibilidade de exclusão de sócio por justa
causa, ou ainda, de forma judicial, através do ajuizamento de ação judicial
específica no judiciário.

A exclusão de sócio pela via extrajudicial
deve respeitar o procedimento previsto em lei sob pena de ser anulada ou
declarada ineficaz por posterior análise judicial requerida pelo sócio excluído.
O pedido de exclusão judicial, por sua vez, deve conter pedidos claros e corretos
sob pena de ao final do processo judicial a sentença ser incapaz de surtir os
efeitos desejados.

Tendo em vista que a exclusão de
sócio é um dos institutos mais agressivos do direito societário e, sem sombra
de dúvidas, tende a prejudicar o relacionamento entre os sócios, o seu gatilho
só deve ser acionado quando verificada a quebra dos deveres sociais que
prejudique o desenvolvimento do fim comum até então vislumbrado.