A Cidade mais Antiga do Planeta ?
Autor: André Cadmo | Publicado: 2012-09-01T19:42:00-07:00


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&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Nós aprendemos na escola que a civilização
partiu do Velho Mundo para o Novo Mundo. Porém, há evidências de que o Homem
construiu cidades no Novo Mundo milhares de anos antes do que a história conta.
Tradicionalmente, a cidade mais antiga do mundo seria Jericó, no Velho Mundo,
datada de cerca de 10 mil a.C.. Porém, foram encontradas na América do Sul,
evidências de uma cidade que pode ter o dobro da idade de Jericó.




&nbsp;Porta do Sol 




&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Localizada no Peru, a 3.750 metros de
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<![endif]-->Tiwanaku é uma das cidades mais misteriosas do mundo. A princípio,
acreditava-se que ela havia sido construída pelos antecessores dos Incas, há 2
mil anos. Mas, perto da virada do século, o erudito boliviano Arthur Posnansky
deu início a um estudo de 50 anos nas ruinas de Tiwanaku. Com a ajuda da
astronomia, Posnansky descobriu algo que daria início a muita polêmica no meio
científico, como era de se esperar: calculou que Tiwanaku havia sido erguida
há mais de 19 mil anos, muito antes que, supostamente, qualquer civilização
existisse.







&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Esta fabulosa cidade foi chamada de
"o berço da civilização" por Posnansky. Apesar de ter sido
confirmada, por engenheiros, a acuidade das medições de Posnansky, sua
conclusão nunca foi aceita. Porém, Neil Steede, um arqueólogo perito em América
Central, decidiu reabrir esta controversa investigação. Neil visitou o novo
sítio de escavação do Dr. Oswaldo Rivera, perito em arqueologia boliviana, a
pirâmide Akapana. Hoje, grande parte está em ruinas, mas a base foi milagrosamente
preservada e prova a avançada capacidade dos construtores.








&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; As pedras desse sítio estão perfeitamente
colocadas. Cientistas tentaram inserir uma agulha e uma carta de baralho em
todos os pontos da junção e não foi possível. Hoje já se sabe que a cidade foi construída
segundo alinhamentos astronômicos. Partindo disso, Neil Steede usou os mesmos
alinhamentos astronômicos para datar o sítio.












&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Posnansky observou que no 1° dia de
primavera, o Sol se ergueu exatamente no centro do templo através da arcada.
Baseado no desenho do templo, deduziu que no 1° dia do inverno e do verão o Sol
deveria se erguer por sobre as pedras angulares. Mas isto não ocorria. A
posição do Sol, por alguma razão passava um pouco dos marcadores de ângulo. Em Tiwanaku, a arquitetura está alinhada perfeitamente com os pontos cardeais.
Porém, medindo-as precisamente, são encontrados "erros". O Dr. Rivera
acredita que sejam simples erros de construção, sem relação com a data em que
foi construída. 




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Pacha
Mama



&nbsp; 

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Observando a perfeição com que foi feito
este sítio, com pedras de mais de 100 toneladas, sugerir que coisas como
marcadores de solstício estejam desalinhados é inacreditável, e, como
Posnansky, Neil também acha que os marcadores de solstício estão localizados
com precisão, como tudo mais no sítio. De fato, este foi o argumento que
Posnansky usou para calcular a idade do sítio. Medindo o ângulo das pedras
angulares e comparando-o a posição do nascer do Sol de hoje, Posnansky pode
calcular que Tiwanaku foi construida há 19 mil anos. Porém, naquela época, o
ângulo do eixo de inclinação da Terra era levemente diferente do atual. Então,
o Sol no verão e no inverno deve ter se erguido diretamente sobre as pedras
angulares.







&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Hoje, temos medidas astronômicas melhores
devido aos satélites e computadores. Foram feitos novos cálculos baseados
nestas informações e foi descoberta uma data não menos surpreendente: 17 mil
anos. Mas isso ainda faz de Tiwanaku a cidade mais antiga da face da Terra.









&nbsp;&nbsp;
&nbsp;&nbsp; No livro Chronicles of Peru, escrito no
século XVI, Garcia de la Vega diz que quando os espanhóis chegaram à América do
Sul, perguntaram aos Incas se eles haviam construído a incrível cidade de Tiwanaku. Os Incas disseram que não. De fato, eles riram da ideia e afirmaram
que não tinham nada a ver com a cidade e que ela havia sido construída milhares
de anos antes deles.













&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Hoje, o que é divulgado nos meios
científicos, é que o Homem chegou à América do Sul há cerca de 15 mil anos
atrás, os chamados "caçadores errantes". Porém, as evidências acima
sugerem que Tiwanaku tenha sido construída por uma civilização muito
avançada. Talvez muito mais do que se imagine.