ADVERBS SINCE/FOR
Autor: Professor Topan | Publicado: 2015-05-20T05:36:00-07:00


FOR/SINCE

English gramamar rules (regras gramaticais de inglês)
O uso de for 
Quando nós usamos FOR, medimos a duração - quando dizemos quanto tempo algo dura.
For + a period of time (período de tempo) 
Para medir um período de tempo até o presente, , usamos o Present Perfect (Presente Perfeito) e não o Simple Present (Presente Simples).

a. I have known her for a long time. (correto).
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; I know her for a long time. (errado).
b. I have lived here for ten years. (correto).
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; I live here for ten years. (errado)

















O present tense (tempo presente) com FOR refere-se a um período de tempo que se estende até ao futuro.

a. How long are you here for? (A quanto tempo você está aqui?) Até quando.
b. How long have you been here? (A quanto tempo você tem estado aqui?) Desde quando.

Na verdade, podemos usar todos os verbos com For.
USOS DO FOR&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Tempo verbal
They exercise for two hours every day.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Simple Present

He has lived in Moscou for a long time.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Present Perfect

He has been living in Turin for three months.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Present Present Continuous

I worked at the servisse station for five years.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Past Tense

He will be in hospital for a least a week.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Simple Future

No entanto,&nbsp; não usamos FOR com expressões como all day ou&nbsp; all the time. 
a.&nbsp;I was there all day. (correto).
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; I was there for all day. (errado).

O uso de SINCE + um parte do tempo (no passado) , até agora.

SINCE dá o ponto inicial das ações, eventos ou estados. Refere-se a quando as coisas começaram.

Since 
a. I´ve been waiting SINCE 7 o´clock. (Estou esperando desde às 07:00.)
b. I have known him SINCE&nbsp; January. (Eu o conheço desde janeiro.)

Com SINCE usamos o Present Perfect ou o Past Perfect Continuous.

a. I have been here SINCE 5 o´clock and I am getting tired. (Eu estou aqui desde às 5 e estou ficando cansado.)
b. I had been working SINCE 5 o´clock and I was getting tired. (Eu estava trabalhando desde às 5 horas e estava ficando cansado.)

SINCE também pode ser usado na estrutura It has been + period of time (período de tempo) + since
a. It has been two months since I last saw her.
b. It has been three years since the last earthquake.

FOR x SINCE
Sabendo quando usar FOR e quando usar SINCE, é importante. Portanto, é útil dar uma olhadinha no resumo do contraste entre FOR e SINCE.

FOR para mencionar um período específico (ou duração de tempo).
I have been a doctor FOR&nbsp;15 years. (Sou médico há 15 anos.) 15 anos = duração.
She has been a mother FOR 6 months. (Ela é mãe há 6 meses.) 6 meses = duração.
My sister has lived in Frankfurt FOR&nbsp;nine years. (Minha irmã mora em Frankfurt há nove anos.) 9 anos = duração.

SINCE para mencionar um ponto inicial de um período de tempo que continua até agora.
I have been a doctor SINCE 1992. (Sou médico desde 1992.) Ponto inicial =&nbsp;1992.
She has been pregnant SINCE her first child was born. (Ela está grávida desde que o primeiro filho nasceu.)
My sister has been living in Frankfurt SINCE the beginning of March. (Minha mora em Frankfurt desde março.) Ponto incial = março.

Tanto FOR como SINCE são mais comumente usados no tempo perfeito. Não usamos essas expressões no Present Tense (Presente Simples).

Correto&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Errado
I have learnt Russian for three years.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; I learn Russian for three years.
They have taught Geography since last year.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;They teach Geography since last year.
He has owned his dog since his cat died.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;He owns his dog since his dog died.

Enquanto podemos usamos usar FOR no SIMPLE PAST, não podemos usar SINCE no SIMPLE PAST.

Correto&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Errado 
She went to Japan for three years.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; She went to Japan since three years.
I studied in New Zealand for one month.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; I studied in New Zealand since one month.
He walked his dog for four hours.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; He walk his dog since four hours.