Nematóide (Popular murchadeira)
Autor: Abelmanto Carneiro de Oliveira ( conhecido por abel ) | Publicado: 2016-05-14T18:59:00-07:00

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<![endif]-->Nome Popular:&nbsp;Nematóide

Nome Científico:&nbsp;Meloidogyne sp,&nbsp;Pratylenchus
sp,&nbsp;Radopholus similis,&nbsp;Aphelenchoides sp

Partes Afetadas:&nbsp;Folhas, flores, caule,
raízes, tubérculos e bulbos

Sintomas:&nbsp;Tamanho reduzido de órgãos
vegetais, necrose de folhas, raízes e flores, bulbos e tubérculos mal formados.&nbsp;



Os nematóides que parasitam
plantas são&nbsp;encontrados&nbsp;nas raízes e no
solo.&nbsp;Os danos causados pelos nematóides são principalmente: redução
no desenvolvimento das plantas que ficam com todos os órgão com tamanho
reduzido, necrose nas folhas e raízes, tubérculos e bulbos mal formados,
coloração anormal em folhas e&nbsp;flores.&nbsp;



Os nematóides parasitas de
plantas mais comuns são:&nbsp;Meloidogyne sp,&nbsp;Pratylenchus sp,&nbsp;Radopholus
similis&nbsp;e&nbsp;Aphelenchoides sp &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;

Os nematóides
não têm grande mobilidade, movimentando-se alguns poucos metros durante seu
ciclo de vida. As formas mais comuns de disseminação a longas distâncias são:
erosão de solos pela água da chuva, comercialização de substrato ou vegetais
contaminados, descarte de substratos contaminados. O controle preventivo
certamente é o mais eficaz e econômico contra esta praga. O uso de
substrato livre de nematóides, bem como aquisição de plantas&nbsp;sadias, destruição de restos
de plantas infectadas. Em áreas maiores como jardins, podem-se cultivar
plantas antagônicas aos nematóides como Crotalárias, que tem potencial
uso ornamental e/ou&nbsp;Cravo de Defunto Tagetes sp, que além de serem
lindas ornamentais, liberam substâncias nematicidas nos substratos.
Ainda, a falta de umidade interrompe o ciclo da praga, de forma que secar
ao sol o substrato é uma eficaz medida de controle. &nbsp;



Inseticida de
Cravo de Defunto &nbsp;&nbsp;

&nbsp;Ingredientes: 100
gramas de ramos e folhas, 100 ml de acetona, 2 litros de álcool.&nbsp;
Modo de preparar: picar bem miudinho os ramos e folhas e juntar a
acetona. Deixar repousar por 24 horas. Depois juntar essa porção a 2 litro de
álcool.&nbsp; Modo de usar: para cada litro desta solução usar 10 litros de
água e pulverizar sobre o solo.&nbsp;

Outro
modo: plantar o cravo de defunto em forma de bordadura ao redor da horta.
Esta prática reduz em 90% a infestação de nematóides.&nbsp; Para prevenir nematóides: faça sempre rotação de culturas,
intercalando com a Crotalária ou Cravo de Defunto. Os nematóide
são sensíveis a uma série de fungos e bactérias, então uma terra bem adubada de
maneira orgânica com o uso de húmus de minhoca, composto orgânico e
cobertura de palhada criam o ambiente perfeito para estes fungos e
bactérias façam o controle dos nematóides. Uma terra onde é
usado&nbsp;herbicidas&nbsp;como (Rondap ou mata-mato), e a adubação é feita de
maneira química (NPK ou uréia), e é praticado a monocultura, os nematóides
desenvolvem tranquilamente. 
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
Fontes de pesquisa: O livro&nbsp;“Alternativas Ecológicas para Prevenção e Controle de Pragas e Doenças” de Inês Burg e Paulo Mayer. Fonte da foto e parte do texto