Espécies de Defesa
Autor: igor reingardmelo | Publicado: 2012-03-28T11:02:00-07:00

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Espécies
de defesa



Pode ser apreciadas duas
relações jurídicas distintas entre as partes:

a)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
a relação processual, que nasce da
propositura da ação e aperfeiçoa-se com a citação&nbsp; do demandado, vinculando autor, juiz e réu;

b)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
a relação de direito material, que é objeto
da controvérsia existente entre as partes, configurando o mérito da causa.

Assim, quando o réu
responde, ele tanto pode defender-se no plano da relação processual
(preliminares), como no do direito material (questão de mérito).



Defesa
processual



A defesa processual tem
conteúdo apenas forma.&nbsp; É indireta pois
visa a outorga da tutela pretendida pelo autor por meio do processo, ou seja,
do instrumento que oportunizou a composição da lide, isto é, sem apreciação do
mérito pelo juiz. 

Superado o impasse inicial,
a relação processual segue rumo à solução do&nbsp;
mérito.



Defesa
de mérito



Ocorre quando o réu ataca
diretamente o fato jurídico que constituiu a causa. Esse ataque pode atingir
tanto o fato reclamado pelo autor, como suas consequências jurídicas. Nesses
casos são defesas diretas pois, é dirigida contra a própria pretensão do autor.

Mas a defesa também pode ser
indireta. Ocorre quando, embora se reconheça o fato abordado pelo autor, o réu
dispõe de outro fato novo colocando impedimento, modificando ou extinguindo o
direito do autor.