Explicação sobre os condutores, usados em instalações elétricas. 
Autor: Prof. Cide | Publicado: 2014-01-19T17:35:00-03:00

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O condutor elétrico é todo
corpo que permite movimentação de cargas elétricas no seu interior. São utilizados nas
instalações elétricas e podem ser fios ou cabos de cobre ou alumínio capazes de
transportar energia elétrica em vários tipos de circuitos .







Os
principais componentes de um fio ou cabo de potência em baixa tensão (até 1 kV)
são o condutor, a isolação e a cobertura, conforme indicado na
figura.





&nbsp;Para todos fios e
cabos elétricos existem uma capacidade
de condução de corrente elétrica pré-estabelecida. Sempre que ligarmos numa
tomada algum equipamento elétrico, devemos ter o cuidado de verificar qual é a
corrente elétrica demandada por este equipamento. Isto é, para não provocar um
aumento de temperatura que danificam a isolação, colocando a sua
instalação elétrica em perigo.





Frequentemente deparamos com situações de
substituímos alguns equipamentos elétricos (chuveiros, ar condicionados entre
outros) e percebermos a isolação dos fios “derreterem”. Isso acontece, geralmente,
quando o novo equipamento é mais potente e necessita de um condutor com maior
capacidade de corrente, para não destruir a isolação. 







Muitas vezes, por falta de conhecimento e
pela ausência de fiscalização, na hora da instalação da fiação elétrica são
utilizados produtos de baixa qualidade, que não seguem as normas de segurança. Um
fio grosso nem sempre é sinônimo de segurança. É preciso utilizar o equipamento
certo para cada tipo de instalação.