Like Human Civilization? Thank Our Evil Side
Autor: César Larcen. (engl.) | Publicado: 2015-12-29T04:19:00-08:00

At http://www.science20.com/news_articles/like_human_civilization_thank_our_evil_side-160582By News Staff | November 25th 2015 07:33 AMThe speed and character of human dispersals changed significantly   around 100,000 years ago, and our dark side deserves a thanksgiving for   that; a new paper suggests that betrayals of trust were the missing link   in understanding the rapid spread of our species around the world.     Early species of hominin were limited in distribution to specific   environments such as grasslands and open woodland. The expansion of Homo   erectus out of Africa into Asia around 1.6 million years ago appears to   have been caused by the need to find more large scale grasslands. By   contrast, Neanderthals occupied cold and arid parts of Europe. All   archaic species adapted slowly to new opportunities for settlement and   were often deterred by environmental and climatic barriers.  Before 100,000 years ago, movement of archaic humans were largely   governed by environmental events due to population increases or   ecological changes. Afterwards populations spread with remarkable speed   and across major environmental barriers.   Dr. Penny Spikins, a senior lecturer in the Archaeology of Human Origins at University of York, speculates in Open Quaternary   that neither population increase nor ecological changes provide an   adequate explanation for patterns of human movement into new regions   which began around 100,000 years ago. Instead, as commitments to others   became more essential to survival, and human groups ever more motivated   to identify and punish those who cheat, the &#39;dark&#39; side of human nature   also developed. Moral disputes motivated by broken trust and a sense of   betrayal became more frequent and motivated early humans to put distance   between them and their rivals.   According to Spikins, the emotional bonds which held populations   together in crisis had a darker side in heartfelt reactions to betrayal   which we still feel today. Larger social networks made it easier to find   distant allies with whom to start new colonies, and more efficient   hunting technology meant that anyone with a grudge was a danger but it   was human emotions which provided the force of repulsion from existing   occupied areas which we do not see in other animals.   And so dispersal into distant, risky and inhospitable areas became   relatively more common compared with movements into already occupied   regions. Most notably, the spread of modern human populations was not   inhibited by biogeographical barriers. Populations moved into cold   regions of Northern Europe, crossed significant deltas such as the Indus   and the Ganges, deserts, tundra and jungle environment and even made   significant sea crossings to reach Australia and the Pacific islands.  Spikins argues that betrayals of trust resulting from moral disputes   were a significant reason for such risky dispersals into apparently   unwelcoming environments with a desire to avoid physical harm from   disgruntled former friends and allies being a key motivation. Offenders   and any allies within their social network would feel driven to get out   of... ( more at http://www.science20.com/news_articles/like_human_civilization_thank_our_evil_side-160582 )Comments                	  	        well, it makes sense that once upon a time, if you didn;t like the area or the people, you could leave  now there is all this paperwork involved......                          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CRIAR EDUCAÇÃO Revista do Programa de Pós-Graduação   em Educação UNESC, v. 3, p. 1-19, 2014.      http://periodicos.unesc.net/index.php/criaredu/article/view/1437