Resumo do texto: “Afinal, o que é cultura?” (Aula 20/09/2011)
Autor: Sergipe e suas Histórias - Silvia Maia | Publicado: 2011-09-22T12:07:00-07:00

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 <![endif]-->  “Afinal, o que é cultura?” In: SOUSA, Antonio Lindvaldo. Temas e História de Sergipe I. São Cristóvão: Universidade Federal de Sergipe/CESAD, 2007. pp. 39-45  
  Resumo do texto: “Afinal, o que é cultura?” (Aula 20/09/2011)
  Por: Silvia Maia de Oliveira
  O texto: “Afinal, o que é cultura?”, do professor Dr. Antônio Lindvaldo Sousa, aborda sobre o conceito de cultura. O referido artigo é composto por: Introdução, na página 40; O que é cultura? na página 41; Conclusão e Resumo ambos, na página 44 e Atividades e Referências, na página 45. O autor utilizou 5 imagens ilustrativas.  Inicialmente Sousa coloca a seguinte citação encontrada na página 40, de Pero Magalhães de Gândavo e de Gabriel Soares de Souza, “os índios são bárbaros. Eles não têm religião, regras morais, leis e rei”. O autor explica essa visão etnocêntrica destes referidos portugueses, de que existem dois modos de ser gente, “um, dos índios, considerados ‘sem fé, sem lei, nem Rei’ e o outro, do ‘Velho Mundo’, o dos portugueses, daqueles que têm a fé, a lei e o rei” (2007, p.40). E em seguida, Sousa faz a seguinte indagação, mas afinal, o que é cultura?  No tópico que discute o título do artigo, o autor menciona alguns exemplos de diferentes culturas, como por exemplo, é proibido comer carne na Índia e da mesma maneira comer carne porco para judeus e muçulmanos. Segundo Sousa, “tais comportamentos podem ser estranho para nós, da mesma maneira que comer carne desse animal soa como um sacrilégio para os indianos”. (2007, p. 41). É necessário respeitar outras culturas.   Em outra abordagem, Sousa informa que, “somos animais construtores do nosso mundo, da nossa cultura”. (2007, p. 41). Ou seja, o ser humano produz sua própria cultura. O autor expõe uma interessante colocação de que, “o homem, diariamente, produziu artefatos, símbolos, rituais e sociabilidades. Todavia, nem sempre essa produção é funcional no sentido de atender às necessidades básicas de sobrevivência”. (2007, p. 42).  Nesse sentido, de acordo com Sousa, cultura, “é compreender o fazer social dos indivíduos de ‘carne e osso’, sua experiência cotidiana, onde vários artefatos materiais e imateriais são produzidos. Assim, os homens do Velho Mundo estavam cumprindo sua cultura na medida em que identificavam os índios como bárbaros de acordo com o seu fazer social. Da mesma forma, os considerados bárbaros não eram bárbaros. Tinham também um modo de fazer social com seus respectivos artefatos materiais e imateriais. Esses modos de ser diferente do ser humano é o que denominamos de cultura”. (2007, p. 43).   O autor conclui o texto, mencionando que cada povo tem seus próprios valores, crenças, saberes, festas, história, e a soma disso representa os seus traços culturais, que se manifestam nos “modos de ser”. Desse modo, é fundamental para o historiador respeitar às diferenças, para que não haja preconceitos à imparcialidade do profissional de história. Pois, cada povo tem sua cultura, e é necessário compreendermos o modo de ser de cada comunidade dentro do seu tempo e espaço.