#38ª Mostra Internacional de Cinema de São Paulo: notas sobre alguns filmes
Autor: rodrigo araujo | Publicado: 2014-11-18T20:10:00-08:00

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Nuits Blanches sur la Jetée (2014), “Noites
Brancas no Píer”, de Paul Vecchiali.

&nbsp; 

Um filme bastante peculiar exibido na 38ª Mostra Internacional de Cinema de São
Paulo (que, aliás, deve seu sucesso a alguns bons filmes do cinema
latino-americano lançados na Mostra) é certamente o francês Nuits
Blanches sur la Jetée (2014),
“Noites Brancas no Píer”, de Paul
Vecchiali, tradução de um conto do escritor russo Fiodor Dostoievski. Preciso
começar esta breve nota do filme de Vecchiali com a recepção do filme, ligada, de certo modo, com a minha escolha pelo
termo “tradução”, e não adaptação ou releitura. Estranhamente este filme teve
uma recepção negativa por parte de algumas pessoas. Uma rápida pesquisa na web foi suficiente para me deparar com
alguns sites em que seus autores
sublinham a superficialidade, o caráter raso na proposta de encenação do filme
e, alguns comentários mais ousados como pode ser visto na página do filme na
rede social Filmow, sublinhando a “tentativa
de filme” nesta nova empreitada de Vecchiali. Para sermos breves, basta observar a reação negativa neste e neste blog. Mas também elogios neste e neste blog. O leitor poderá, por si só, encontrar tantos outros sites pela web sobre a recepção deste filme. De forma
preambular, ou uma pré-nota, sublinho dois comentários, cruciais para que meu
comentário sobre este filme tenha valor e posição: (1) Quanto à parte técnica
do filme, o filme enquanto estrutura, há uma predominância do diálogo, do texto
dostoievskiano, além de um traço teatral, com danças, falas quase-declamadas.
Não abordarei a parte técnica do filme, nem seu mise-en-scène. E o leitor neste blog poderá constatar que minhas
notas cinematográficas pouco se detêm a uma análise estrutural do filme
enquanto tal para não caírem em comentários de senso-comum. O que me interessa,
não que este argumento ignore o primeiro, é o filme enquanto criação e exegese;
o que me interessa é a recepção do filme; o que me interessa é o cinema aberto
em seu poder-dialogar com outros campos, como literatura, filosofia. O que me
impressiona, diga-se en passant, é
ver uma gama de seres chamados “cinéfilos”, alunos e pessoas ligadas ao cinema
propriamente dito, fechados à própria abertura do cinema para o diálogo. Pessoas que se fecham à obra
enquanto estrutura – aquilo que em
literatura o estruturalismo tão marcou e continua marcando: a tomada da obra
enquanto estrutura ela mesma, uma casa fechada para o mundo, para o social etc.
(2) Por que opto por tradução, isto
é, o filme como tradução de um texto literário? É no plano da semiose que
escolho a tradução de um signo para outro. Octavio Paz já dizia que toda
tradução é irmã gêmea da criação, o que o ensaísta mexicano chamou de transmutação – para isso, pode-se
consultar o livro Tradução intersemiótica
(2003, Editora Perspectiva), de Julio Plaza. Para o cinema e a literatura,
muito melhor que seguir Octavio Paz é mesmo seguir o poeta, tradutor e ensaísta
Haroldo de Campos, que nos lega a concepção de tradução como transcriação. Uma nova obra, portanto.
Não quero ir além deste ajuste de contas. Apenas ir contra o movimento de
algumas pessoas que insistem em querer um cinema enquanto “adaptação fiel” do
livro, e por isso passam a abrir temíveis tribunais para desmerecer a obra que
foge a essa fidelidade - Se é para montar um tribunal contra uma
adaptação livre e própria, esteticamente falando, vamos julgar Sokurov, Shinoda
e tantos outros grandes. É seguindo
Haroldo de Campos e sua ideia de transcriação que vejo este filme de Vecchiali
como uma tradução bastante particular e própria. E argumentar que este
filme “não confere volume ao texto de Dostoievski” é lançar um comentário demasiadamente
raso em todas as esferas, da tradução, da estética...



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Tradução
do conto “Noites Brancas”, de Dostoievski, sem dúvidas Nuits Blanches sur la Jetée é um filme que causa grande comoção em
seu espectador pela sua sensibilidade e pela sua poeticidade. O que pode
parecer cru, verbal demais ou seco demais, nada mais é que um disfarce para o
que está por traz. O filme mergulha fundo nos temas da ausência, da
solidão e do sonho. Um personagem, Fiodor (no romance de Dostoievski é chamado
de Sonhador), dedica suas noites a vagar por um píer até que encontra uma
mulher, e juntos passam as noites em infindáveis devaneios sobre a existência e
a solidão. Ele espera por algo, algo que preencha sua solidão, seu vazio
existencial. Ela espera por um homem, um amado, que ainda não chega. E juntos
encontram-se afinados: pela solidão. Ora,
não é estranho afirmar que o filme estreita os laços com o Romantismo e com aquilo
que os poetas românticos do séc. XIX tanto perseguiam: o sonho, a vida como um
sonho, ou o sonho como única possibilidade, já que a vida é insuficiente. Um
sonho que flerta o delírio. Sonho - para lembrar o ontológico personagem
sonolento e delirante de Georges Perec - que só "é" na noite, na
solidão essencial da noite. Mais ou menos aquilo que o ensaísta francês Maurice
Blanchot fala, em O espaço literário (2011,
Editora Rocco), sobre o sono como o transformador da noite em possibilidade (p.
290) e como "intimidade essencial com o centro" (p. 291); logo, o
sonho, para Blanchot, é o “despertar do interminável” (p. 293). Estas palavras
de Blanchot, inicialmente, parecem servir para este filme: quase-teatral, os
dois personagens (o sonhador e Nastenka) dialogam dentro da mesma intimidade
nocturnal do Igitur de Mallarmé. E o que é mais precioso para o sonhante? O que
é mais precioso para os poetas do romantismo? A fagulha da felicidade. A
inalcansável felicidade. Relembro dos momentos finais do romance de
Dostoievski: "Um minuto inteiro de felicidade! Afinal, não basta isso para
encher a vida inteira de um homem?". Relembro também uma frase dita pelo
sonhante no filme: "A esperança só ajuda a destruir a nós mesmos".&nbsp;



Se pegarmos a obra O simbolismo (2007, Ed. Perspectiva), da Anna Balakian, poderemos
ver como os poetas simbolistas do fin de siècle não meramente fugiam do mundo,
mas buscavam isolar-se do mundo (pode-se consultar as páginas: 91-126). Uma ótima
definição da Balakian do momento simbolista francês é quando ela sublinha a “consciência do vazio em que o homem navega
cegamente” (Balakian, 2007, p. 91). Mas é no próprio centro do Romantismo,
por si já um conceito vago e indefinido dentro da história da literatura, como
sugere Otto M. Carpeaux em seu ensaio “Prosa e ficção do romantismo”, desde o
início do século XIX na Alemanha até seu declínio em 1848, que encontramos solo
fértil para a compreensão deste filme, quer dizer, compreensão daquilo que ele
traduz. Não nos cabe aqui tematizar o Romantismo, nem tematizar a poesia
romântica, mas nos interessa como o poeta romântico tematizou a insatisfação com
o mundo e o descontentamento com a sociedade; nos interessa muito como o homem,
para o Romantismo, era uma espécie de “sonâmbulo inconsciente”, como nos diz o
crítico literário e filósofo Benedito Nunes, em seu ensaio “A visão romântica”.
E vai nos interessar mais ainda um fragmento do poeta Novalis, segundo Otto M.
Carpeaux em seu grandioso História da
literatura ocidental, volume 6 “O Romantismo”, “o poeta mais profundo entre todos os românticos” (Carpeaux, 2012,
p. 37): “O que está fora de mim está
justamente em mim, é meu – e inversamente”. Ora, este “inversamente” que
está em mim é a subjetividade radicalmente derramada: a realidade está muito
mais para o imaginário, quer dizer, “... inversamente...”. É então que o
personagem solitário Fiodor está-no-mundo: descontente, percorrendo o vazio
existêncial, inversamente... A ponto de ficar, para o espectador, uma grande
interrogação ao término do filme: seria tudo aquilo mero delírio de Fiodor?
Nada mais romântico, no sentido mesmo de compreensão do Romantismo como um
movimento de poetas entusiasmados pelo
irracional e pelo inconsciente (pode-se conferir o ensaio “Filosofia do
romantismo”, de Gerd Bornheim).



Só posso concluir esta breve nota acerca de Nuits
Blanches sur la Jetée com a
plena convicção: um dos melhores textos (de Dostoievski) para se compreender
a poesia do séc. XIX, a solidão existencial e o lugar destes poetas no mundo. E
um filme bastante particular em seu modo de tradução. Este conto, sabe-se, foi
levado ao teatro e também traduzido pelo cineasta italiano Luchino Visconti. Fica
uma excelente recomendação, para os que não viram e também para os que viram,
quem sabe lançar outros olhares.
&nbsp;




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<![endif]-->Nuits Blanches sur la
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Jauja
(2014), de Lisandro Alonso.



Aclamado em
Cannes, Jauja tem co-produção de 8
países e uma das coisas mais enigmáticas que me deparei nos filmes vistos na
38ª Mostra. Surpreendeu-me este filme do argentino Alonso por ser uma grande
metáfora. Sim. O filme pareceu-me funcionar como uma grande metáfora sobre o buscar. A mesma disposição de
"grande metáfora" que Himiko
(1974), do Masahiro Shinoda, traz ao terminar o filme. Um filme muito difícil.
Silencioso. Difícil de atravessar como é difícil de atravessar o sertão, aquele
sertão de Guimarães Rosa, só para clarificar o exemplo. Dificuldade, inclusive,
percebida em algumas pessoas que saíram da exibição, devido a sua longa
duração, o que alguns dirão: “sua falta de ritmo”. Ao escrever este brevíssimo
comentário, lembrei-me de um pequeno trecho do poema “Reflexão e Convite”, de
Murilo Mendes, que tem a ver com esta "busca" do filme:&nbsp;



"Nós todos estamos na beira da agonia 

caminhando sobre pedras angulosas e abismos".&nbsp;



Essa é a busca
do humano que o filme toca "em estado de arte": uma busca sobre
pedras angulosas e (muitos) abismos. O mote da busca deflagrada pelo
protagonista: o rapto de sua jovem filha, em meio ao deserto da patagônia (mais
um filme em que o tempo da narrativa é o século XIX). Se o filme mais parece um
Western norte-americano, como podemos conferir nesta crítica da Revista Cinética, ele vai mais além devido a uma busca de grande dimensão ontológica, aliada a belíssimas imagens
poéticas. Se o filme pode soar como “estranho”, como podemos conferir no
comentário deste blog, é justamente pelo intimismo da busca. Algo mesmo
tarkovskiano: a busca pela zona, pelo quarto escondido em meio a radiações. A busca
pela essência, ou como diz um personagem do conto “Cara-de-Bronze” do Corpo de Baile, de Guimarães Rosa, a busca pelo ‘quem’ das coisas. Sem
dúvidas, um filme grandioso.



&nbsp;

Jauja





Jauja




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Japão



Uma das
novidades da 38ª Mostra foi tomar-se conhecimento com um cineasta até então
desconhecido do público brasileiro, a saber: Noboru Nakamura. Estranho, pois não
há nada sobre ele no livro-enciclopédia de cinema japonês da Maria Novielli,
muito menos pela internet. Fora o obscurantismo, pude conhecer um diretor
genial. Daqueles que deixa aquela vontade de querer ver mais filmes. Dos 3 filmes
que foram exibidos na Mostra, Paixão
Mórbida (1964), Lar doce Lar (1951)
e Quando a chuva cai (1957), os que
mais me chamaram a atenção foram este último e o primeiro. Esses dois filmes
têm um traço muito interessante: mulheres em um papel um tanto transgressor. Lar
doce lar também é um filme bastante interessante por tratar de uma jovem,
Tomoko, que deseja ser uma pintora reconhecida e, por dedicação e amor à arte,
seguirá seu caminho na arte e logo cedo experienciará as agruras da vida,
chegando até a vender seus quadros na rua, onde é humilhada e até agredida. O
fino trato com que Noboru Nakamura dá ao lugar da mulher é certamente nuclear
em seu cinema. O que não se sabe é se este cineasta continuará no obscurantismo
em terras brasileiras.



Não obstante, em
matéria de terras nipônicas, o ponto alto foi certamente A pequena casa (2014),
de Yôji Yamada. Um filme belo, sensível, e bastante completo ao abordar a matéria histórica pré e pós 2ª Guerra
Mundial no Japão a partir da perspectiva da empregada Taki e das eventuais
discussões com seu sobrinho Takeshi. Posso dizer que este filme vai mais além (e
de maneira mais sutil, no abordar dos
elementos históricos) dos filmes do Keisuke Kinoshita, diretamente O rio fuefuke (1960) e indiretamente em 24 olhos (1954). É simplesmente
maravilhoso o diálogo que gira em torno da relação história e sociedade entre tia e sobrinho, quando aquela está
escrevendo suas memórias (a boa e velha relação entre memória e história).
Aprende-se muito com este filme, tanto em termos históricos quanto em termos
poéticos. Não pela quantidade de informações sobre o momento histórico em que
se encontrava o Japão no período de guerras, (e muito menos faz deste filme um
filme esquemático), mas pela história
contada a partir dos de baixo, no caso, uma empregada de família nobre, que
presenciou as transformações do país naquela pequena casa. Parafraseando
Clarice Lispector, descobri o mundo com este filme. Ou suas sutilezas, ainda presentes mesmo em
tempos de crise -- e como o cinema japonês nos ensina sobre as sutilezas em tempos de ruínas...




A pequena casa




A pequena casa









§



Rodrigo Araujo.