3ª Série - Material de Suporte as Aulas - Islã
Autor: Marcelo Lapa | Publicado: 2016-10-03T08:14:00-07:00


O Islão



<!--[if !supportLists]-->v&nbsp;
<!--[endif]-->1200, Península Arábica

<!--[if !supportLists]-->Ø&nbsp;
<!--[endif]-->Deserto

<!--[if !supportLists]-->Ø&nbsp;
<!--[endif]-->Tribos

<!--[if !supportLists]-->§&nbsp;
<!--[endif]-->Semitas

<!--[if !supportLists]-->§&nbsp;
<!--[endif]-->Economia

<!--[if !supportLists]-->·&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
<!--[endif]-->Pastoreio

<!--[if !supportLists]-->·&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
<!--[endif]-->Comércio

<!--[if !supportLists]-->¨&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
<!--[endif]-->Caravanas

<!--[if !supportLists]-->Ø&nbsp;
<!--[endif]-->Rota Ásia-Palestina

<!--[if !supportLists]-->Ø&nbsp;
<!--[endif]-->Oásis

<!--[if !supportLists]-->§&nbsp;
<!--[endif]-->Núcleos urbanos

<!--[if !supportLists]-->§&nbsp;
<!--[endif]-->Cidades-Estado

<!--[if !supportLists]-->§&nbsp;
<!--[endif]-->Reinos

<!--[if !supportLists]-->·&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
<!--[endif]-->Sabá

<!--[if !supportLists]-->Ø&nbsp;
<!--[endif]-->Religiosidade

<!--[if !supportLists]-->§&nbsp;
<!--[endif]-->Sincretismo

<!--[if !supportLists]-->·&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
<!--[endif]-->Judeus

<!--[if !supportLists]-->·&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
<!--[endif]-->Zoroastristas

<!--[if !supportLists]-->·&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
<!--[endif]-->Cristãos

<!--[if !supportLists]-->§&nbsp;
<!--[endif]-->Politeístas

<!--[if !supportLists]-->§&nbsp;
<!--[endif]-->Fenômenos Naturais

<!--[if !supportLists]-->§&nbsp;
<!--[endif]-->Animistas

<!--[if !supportLists]-->·&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
<!--[endif]-->Caaba (Meca)

<!--[if !supportLists]-->¨&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
<!--[endif]-->360 deuses

<!--[if !supportLists]-->¨&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
<!--[endif]-->Pedra Negra

<!--[if !supportLists]-->Ø&nbsp;
<!--[endif]-->O Islã

<!--[if !supportLists]-->§&nbsp;
<!--[endif]-->Maomé (Mohamed)

<!--[if !supportLists]-->·&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
<!--[endif]-->570, nasce em meca

<!--[if !supportLists]-->¨&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
<!--[endif]-->Mercadores

<!--[if !supportLists]-->·&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
<!--[endif]-->Viagens

<!--[if !supportLists]-->¨&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
<!--[endif]-->Judaísmo

<!--[if !supportLists]-->¨&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
<!--[endif]-->Cristianismo

<!--[if !supportLists]-->·&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
<!--[endif]-->610, Anjo Gabriel

<!--[if !supportLists]-->¨&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
<!--[endif]-->Um Deus, Alá

<!--[if !supportLists]-->·&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
<!--[endif]-->Mensageiro de Deus , O Profeta

<!--[if !supportLists]-->¨&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
<!--[endif]-->Corão

<!--[if !supportLists]-->Ø&nbsp;
<!--[endif]-->Recitação

<!--[if !supportLists]-->·&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
<!--[endif]-->Pregação em Meca

<!--[if !supportLists]-->¨&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
<!--[endif]-->Pobreza, sinal de fracasso social

<!--[if !supportLists]-->¨&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
<!--[endif]-->Juízo final, a separação

<!--[if !supportLists]-->Ø&nbsp;
<!--[endif]-->Bons

<!--[if !supportLists]-->Ø&nbsp;
<!--[endif]-->Maus

<!--[if !supportLists]-->¨&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
<!--[endif]-->Incomodava as elites locais

<!--[if !supportLists]-->Ø&nbsp;
<!--[endif]-->Coraixitas

<!--[if !supportLists]-->¨&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
<!--[endif]-->Perseguição

<!--[if !supportLists]-->·&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
<!--[endif]-->Mudança para Yatrib

<!--[if !supportLists]-->¨&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
<!--[endif]-->Hégira (16/09/622)

<!--[if !supportLists]-->Ø&nbsp;
<!--[endif]-->Ano I do calendário muçulmano

<!--[if !supportLists]-->¨&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
<!--[endif]-->Medina

<!--[if !supportLists]-->Ø&nbsp;
<!--[endif]-->Cidade do Profeta

<!--[if !supportLists]-->Ø&nbsp;
<!--[endif]-->1ª Islâmica

<!--[if !supportLists]-->Ø&nbsp;
<!--[endif]-->Teocracia

<!--[if !supportLists]-->·&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
<!--[endif]-->Guerra com os coraixitas

<!--[if !supportLists]-->¨&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
<!--[endif]-->Vitória de Maomé

<!--[if !supportLists]-->Ø&nbsp;
<!--[endif]-->Beduínos se impressionam

<!--[if !supportLists]-->¨&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
<!--[endif]-->Invasão de Meca

<!--[if !supportLists]-->Ø&nbsp;
<!--[endif]-->Destruição dos ídolos

<!--[if !supportLists]-->Ø&nbsp;
<!--[endif]-->Preserva a Caaba

<!--[if !supportLists]-->§&nbsp;
<!--[endif]-->Abraão

<!--[if !supportLists]-->¨&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
<!--[endif]-->Unifica a Arábia

<!--[if !supportLists]-->§&nbsp;
<!--[endif]-->Pilares do Islã

<!--[if !supportLists]-->·&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
<!--[endif]-->Confissão de fé

<!--[if !supportLists]-->·&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
<!--[endif]-->Orar 5x ao dia

<!--[if !supportLists]-->·&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
<!--[endif]-->Ajudar ao próximo

<!--[if !supportLists]-->·&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
<!--[endif]-->Jejuar (Ramadã)

<!--[if !supportLists]-->·&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
<!--[endif]-->Peregrinação à Meca

<!--[if !supportLists]-->§&nbsp;
<!--[endif]-->Jihad

<!--[if !supportLists]-->·&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
<!--[endif]-->Esforço em favor de Deus

<!--[if !supportLists]-->·&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
<!--[endif]-->Mártir = Salvação eterna

<!--[if !supportLists]-->·&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
<!--[endif]-->Infiéis

<!--[if !supportLists]-->§&nbsp;
<!--[endif]-->632, Morte de Maomé

<!--[if !supportLists]-->§&nbsp;
<!--[endif]-->Duas Facções

<!--[if !supportLists]-->·&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
<!--[endif]-->Sunitas (tradição)

<!--[if !supportLists]-->¨&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
<!--[endif]-->Líder Qualificado

<!--[if !supportLists]-->¨&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
<!--[endif]-->Abu-Bakr (sogro)

<!--[if !supportLists]-->·&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
<!--[endif]-->Xiitas

<!--[if !supportLists]-->¨&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
<!--[endif]-->Líder Herdeiro

<!--[if !supportLists]-->¨&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
<!--[endif]-->Ali (Primo e Genro)

<!--[if !supportLists]-->·&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
<!--[endif]-->Vitória Sunita

<!--[if !supportLists]-->¨&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
<!--[endif]-->Abu-Bakr

<!--[if !supportLists]-->Ø&nbsp;
<!--[endif]-->Califa

<!--[if !supportLists]-->§&nbsp;
<!--[endif]-->Líder

<!--[if !supportLists]-->Ø&nbsp;
<!--[endif]-->Omar Ibn

<!--[if !supportLists]-->§&nbsp;
<!--[endif]-->Expansão da fé

<!--[if !supportLists]-->¨&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
<!--[endif]-->Dinastia Omíada

<!--[if !supportLists]-->Ø&nbsp;
<!--[endif]-->Lutas

<!--[if !supportLists]-->Ø&nbsp;
<!--[endif]-->Família Omíada

<!--[if !supportLists]-->Ø&nbsp;
<!--[endif]-->Monarquia laica

<!--[if !supportLists]-->Ø&nbsp;
<!--[endif]-->Capital Damasco

<!--[if !supportLists]-->Ø&nbsp;
<!--[endif]-->Língua Árabe oficial

<!--[if !supportLists]-->Ø&nbsp;
<!--[endif]-->Conquistas

<!--[if !supportLists]-->§&nbsp;
<!--[endif]-->Região do Indo

<!--[if !supportLists]-->§&nbsp;
<!--[endif]-->Península Ibérica

<!--[if !supportLists]-->Ø&nbsp;
<!--[endif]-->Xiitas tomam o poder

<!--[if !supportLists]-->Ø&nbsp;
<!--[endif]-->Omíadas na Ibéria

<!--[if !supportLists]-->¨&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
<!--[endif]-->Dinastia Abssíada

<!--[if !supportLists]-->Ø&nbsp;
<!--[endif]-->Consolida o Islamismo

<!--[if !supportLists]-->Ø&nbsp;
<!--[endif]-->Se&nbsp; torna
um império muçulmano

<!--[if !supportLists]-->Ø&nbsp;
<!--[endif]-->Califa

<!--[if !supportLists]-->§&nbsp;
<!--[endif]-->Autocrata

<!--[if !supportLists]-->Ø&nbsp;
<!--[endif]-->Vizir

<!--[if !supportLists]-->§&nbsp;
<!--[endif]-->Administração do Reino

<!--[if !supportLists]-->Ø&nbsp;
<!--[endif]-->Capital

<!--[if !supportLists]-->§&nbsp;
<!--[endif]-->Damasco &gt; Bagdá

<!--[if !supportLists]-->¨&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
<!--[endif]-->O saber e a cultura

<!--[if !supportLists]-->Ø&nbsp;
<!--[endif]-->Bibliotecas de Bagdá

<!--[if !supportLists]-->§&nbsp;
<!--[endif]-->Bait
al-hikma (Casa da Sabedoria)

<!--[if !supportLists]-->Ø&nbsp;
<!--[endif]-->Proteção das artes e do conhecimento

<!--[if !supportLists]-->Ø&nbsp;
<!--[endif]-->Astronomia

<!--[if !supportLists]-->§&nbsp;
<!--[endif]-->Navegação

<!--[if !supportLists]-->Ø&nbsp;
<!--[endif]-->Matemática

<!--[if !supportLists]-->§&nbsp;
<!--[endif]-->Sistema Arábico

<!--[if !supportLists]-->Ø&nbsp;
<!--[endif]-->Química

<!--[if !supportLists]-->Ø&nbsp;
<!--[endif]-->Arquitetura

<!--[if !supportLists]-->¨&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
<!--[endif]-->Fim do “Império Muçulmano”

<!--[if !supportLists]-->Ø&nbsp;
<!--[endif]-->Séc. VIII, divisão


<!--[if !supportLists]-->Ø&nbsp;
<!--[endif]-->Séc. XI Cruzadas