Transistor?
Autor: Torres | Publicado: 2015-05-01T21:09:00-07:00

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Na época em que as válvulas eram
utilizadas nos computadores, procurava-se o aperfeiçoamento dessas válvulas que
eram grandes e ineficientes pois consumiam muita energia. Com a intensificação
das pesquisas tornou-se necessário a diminuição dos computados e que os mesmos pudessem
trabalhar em frequências maiores, o que era impossível com as válvulas. No
entanto alguns cientistas começaram a procurar outras soluções, outros métodos
de desenvolverem algo que fosse menos caro e mais eficaz que a válvula.

&nbsp;

Grande partes destas pesquisas
tinham como objetivo a descobertas de novos materiais condutores, logo
perceberam que alguns materiais funcionavam como ótimos condutores e outros
como ótimos isolantes. Com a junção de dois matérias eles criaram um
intermediário nomeado semicondutor.

Em novembro de 1947, a partir dos
semicondutores os cientistas do laboratório da Bell Telephone descobriram o
transistor, e verificaram que quando aplicada certa tensão a um dos terminais
do componente, o sinal que saía no outro terminal era amplificado.



Funcionamento

Todo transistor possui 3
terminais (3 perninhas), um dos terminais da extremidade é positivo e recebe o
sinal e o outro é negativo e envia o sinal, e o terminal do meio é o
responsável pelo controle desse processo, pois a corrente elétrica entra e sai
pelos outros dois terminais somente quando é aplicada tensão elétrica ao
terminal do meio.





Para exemplificar imagine o
transistor como uma torneira, o lado do cano que traz a água da rua é o
terminal de entrada (positivo) e a saída d’água da torneira é o terminal de
saída, a sua mão aplicara uma tensão na válvula da torneira que funcionará como
terminal de controle, quanto mais você abrir a valvular mais agua passara pela
torneira.







Portanto, a quantidade de tensão
aplicada ao terminal de controle (ou terminal do meio) determinará a
intensidade da corrente que sairá pelo terminal de saída, se nenhuma tensão for
aplicada ao terminal de controle não há circulação de corrente elétrica.






Os transistores superam as
válvulas pelo fato de não terem partes móveis o que facilita a sua
miniaturização e aumenta a sua frequência de chaveamento, já que ele pode ter
sua corrente elétrica interrompida e restabelecida 1 bilhão de vezes em apenas
um segundo. Isso tornou o transistor a base da computação moderna e o principal
componente responsável pela revolução da eletrônica.
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