EQUAÇÃO NO TÚMULO
Autor: Remo Mannarino | Publicado: 2017-02-17T14:12:00-03:00

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DIOFANTE&nbsp;


 




Diofante está para a álgebra como
Euclides está para a geometria. Morou em Alexandria, mas seu lugar de
nascimento é desconhecido, tanto quanto o período em que teria vivido; é certo,
porém, que nasceu depois do ano 150 a.C., porque seus livros citam Hipsicles
(240 a.C.-170 a.C.), e antes de 350 da nossa era, porque seu nome é citado nos
livros de Theon (335-395), pai de Hipácia e professor da Universidade de
Alexandria.

Os matemáticos gregos destacaram-se inicialmente
na teoria dos números, de Pitágoras, e na geometria de Platão e seus
seguidores, conforme depois sistematizada por Euclides. Só no século III é que foram
introduzidas, por Diofante, as convenções que permitiram exprimir as diversas
relações e efetuar operações algébricas, revolucionando a "álgebra com
palavras" dos babilônios. Todo o seu trabalho foi reunido nos treze
volumes da sua “Aritmética”, dos
quais seis sobreviveram à destruição da Biblioteca de Alexandria. 

Diofante foi o primeiro grego a tratar
as frações como números e o primeiro a manipular as equações de modo
sistemático. Foi ele quem inaugurou o estudo das chamadas equações diofantinas,
equações polinomiais em que duas ou mais variáveis somente podem assumir
números inteiros.

&nbsp;Escassas informaçoes sobre Diofante estão
gravadas em seu túmulo, na forma de uma sequência do primeiro grau, talvez uma
obra de Hipácia: 



“Sua infância durou um sexto da sua
vida; depois, usou barba por um doze avos; mais um sétimo, contraiu núpcias;
seu filho nasceu cinco anos depois; esse filho, fraco e doente, teve a metade
da vida do pai; e o pai, desgostoso, sobreviveu apenas mais quatro anos.” 





Quem se der ao trabalho de resolver a
equação sugerida por esse curioso epitáfio ficará sabendo que Diofante morreu
com 84 anos.