Acidente com Césio-137 em Goiânia completa 25 anos
Autor: Josafary Campelo, Gabriella Albuquerque | Publicado: 2012-09-16T21:15:00-07:00

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Nesta última quinta-feira (13.09), o maior acidente com material radioativo ocorrido no Brasil completou 25 anos. E mesmo depois de tanto tempo, muitas pessoas ainda sofrem com os efeitos devastadores do que ficou conhecido como “brilho da morte”.&nbsp; Dados coletados do Centro de Assistência aos Radioacidentados informam que existem 1.015 cadastros de pessoas que tiveram algum tipo de contato com a radiação.Pra quem não conhece o passado trágico, a história é a seguinte:Numa manhã de 13 de Setembro de 1987, três catadores de materiais recicláveis, retiraram do antigo Instituto Goiano de Radiologia (desativado e abandonado) um aparelho radiológico contendo uma cápsula de chumbo com cerca de 20g de Cloreto de Césio-137 (CsCl). A cápsula era uma fonte radiativa, utilizada no tratamento contra o câncer na antiga clínica. Não havendo contato direto do paciente com o material radioativo, apenas feixes de radiação milimetricamente direcionados à área com células cancerígenas.Porém, a cápsula foi violada e as pessoas tiveram contato direto com o material radioativo, atraídas pelo brilho azul, característico do césio-137. Sendo assim expostas a intensidade máxima de radiação, sem controle e por tempo prolongado.Materiais radioativos emitem radiações ionizantes, feixes de partículas ou de ondas eletromagnéticas capazes de atravessar materiais sólidos, afetando durante o trajeto suas estruturas atômicas. Tais efeitos podem provocar lesões nas células e tecidos vivos, causando uma série de efeitos nocivos.O césio-137 é um radioisótopo do césio. Descoberto em 1860, por Kirchhoff e Bunsen, o elemento químico césio tem número atômico 55 e seus isótopos mais relevantes são o 133 e o radioativo 137. Assim, o césio-137 é um radioisótopo do césio que tem em seu núcleo 55 prótons e 82 nêutrons. Devido a grande quantidade de nêutrons em relação aos prótons, o núcleo se torna instável e emite radiações.Sua meia-vida, o tempo necessário para que sua atividade radiativa caia pela metade, é de trinta anos e, conforme se desintegra pela emissão radiativa, forma o Bário-137.