Sobre a soberania
Autor: Grupo Corujão | Publicado: 2012-10-06T18:04:00-03:00

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PROBLEMA DA SOBERANIA

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 

A Soberania é Nacional e a
Nação é uma só. Logo o exercício do poder de soberania compete ao governo
federal e não aos governos regionais.

A federação não resulta de uma
simples relação contratual, a exemplo da Confederação. As Federações são
unidades de divisões históricas, geográficas e político-administrativas de uma
só Nação. Une-se pelo pacto federativo que expressa a vontade nacional que é
permanente e indissolúvel. Nos E.U.A, a autonomia estadual é ampla, variam nos
Estados-Membros Norte- Americanos quanto à forma unicameral ou bicameral.



FEDERALISMO BRASILEIRO



O Federalismo
Brasileiro é diferente; e muito rígido, em um sistema de federalismo orgânico.
O Brasil Império era um Estado juridicamente unitário, mas na realidade era
dividido em províncias. Os primeiros sistemas administrativos adotados por
Portugal, foram as Governadorias Gerais, as Feitorias, as Capitanias, rumos
pelos quais a nação brasileira caminharia fatalmente para a forma federativa, e
quando o centralismo artificial do primeiro Império procurou violentar essa
realidade a nação forçou a abdicação de D. Pedro I, impondo a reforma da Carta
Imperial de 1824. Contrariamente ao exemplo norte-americano, o federalismo
brasileiro surgiu como resultado fatal de um movimento de origem natural -
histórica e não artificial. Deve-se a queda do Império, mais ao ideal
federativo do que ao ideal republicano. A Constituição de 1891 estruturou o
federalismo brasileiro segundo o modelo norte-americano. Ajustou um sistema
jurídico constitucional estrangeiro uma realidade completamente diversa.

O Brasil pelas
suas próprias condições geográficas, tem vocação histórica para o federalismo.
País de uma verdadeira imensidão territorial e a diversidade de suas condições
naturais obriga naturalmente a uma descentralização que é à base do
federalismo. Tratando-se de um dos maiores Estados do mundo, com território
rico em recursos naturais e quase todos aproveitáveis, sem desertos nem
geleiras. Há, assim uma vocação histórica do Brasil para o Estado Federal. O
grande papel dos estadistas portugueses e da colônia foi manter a unidade
territorial do país. As causas sociais da origem do federalismo brasileiro são,
portanto visíveis. É a própria imensidão territorial obrigando a uma
descentralização do governo, a fim de manter a pluralidade das condições
regionais, tudo integrado na unidade nacional.

&nbsp;