La spedizione dei Mille (3)
Autor: Andrea Lombardi | Publicado: 2012-03-11T12:09:00-07:00

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La
spedizione dei Mille &nbsp;

http://www.bibliolab.it/italia_postunita/comm_terza.htm

Nel
1860, in Sicilia, si verific� una
rivolta separatista, che ebbe come protagonista
due&nbsp; siciliani mazziniani: Francesco
Crispi e Rosolino Pilo. Essi, ritenendo che fosse ancora troppo presto far intervenire il
Mezzogiorno, decisero di chiedere l�intervento
di Garibaldi, il quale il 5 maggio 1860, organizza una spedizione con circa 1000 volontari partendo dalla Sicilia
per arrivare a Quarto, in Liguria. La met� di questi
volontari appartenevano a ceti medi, l�altra met� invece era composta da artigiani e operai. 

In
modo non esplicito Cavour, su pressione di Vittorio Emanuele II, aiut� Garibaldi ad organizzare la spedizione dei Mille, e poi con la scusa di
fermare quel pericoloso rivoluzionario ottenne l'assenso francese
all'occupazione dello stato Pontificio, Roma esclusa. La strategia piemontese,
infatti, era quella di non scontentare le grandi potenze
europee con una guerra aggressiva contro il Regno delle Due Sicilie: era
necessario dimostrare che gli italiani del sud insorgevano reclamando l�unificazione col Piemonte e questo fu reso possibile, appunto dalla
spedizione di Garibaldi.





&nbsp;







&nbsp; 

&nbsp;LA CONQUISTA DELLA SICILIA E LA
DITTATURA GARIBALDINA


L�esercito garibaldino, con l�aiuto di
alcuni volontari locali, il 15 maggio 1860, riesce a sconfiggere le truppe
borboniche a Calatafimi, ed alla fine
del mese a liberare Palermo. Garibaldi assunse la dittatura nell�isola e impost� un governo provvisorio che prese
provvedimenti importanti a favore dei contadini, per guadagnarsi il consenso
della popolazione. 

&nbsp;UNA DELICATA SITUAZIONE DI STALLO 

Garibaldi,
il 19 agosto 1860 sbarc� in Calabria, prese Reggio e prosegu� verso nord. Il 7 settembre, poi, entr� in Napoli, e il re Francesco II si ripar� nella fortezza di Gaeta. La situazione, a questo punto, fu la seguente:


-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
al nord vi era il regno di Sardegna, Lombardia, Toscana ed Emilia 

-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
al centro lo Stato Pontificio, 

-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
al sud il governo di Garibaldi&nbsp;


LA PROCLAMAZIONE DEL REGNO D�ITALIA 

Cavour,
ottenuto il consenso di Gran Bretagna e Francia, invi� dall�Italia centrale una spedizione che invase lo Stato Pontificio, sconfisse
le truppe del papa, occup� le Marche e l�Umbria, e da qui punt� su
Napoli. Cavour, inoltre, richiese che nelle province governate da Garibaldi
fossero convocati dei plebisciti per l�annessione
al Piemonte, e quest�ultimo, per evitare conflitti, accett�. Tra
ottobre e novembre, quindi, le Marche, l�Umbria, la
Sicilia e tutto il Mezzogiorno decisero per l�annessione al regno di Sardegna, e fu cos� che il 26 ottobre 1860, Garibaldi fu costretto a consegnare il proprio potere nelle mani del re piemontese, e
finalmente il 17 marzo 1861, Vittorio Emanuele II divenne re d�Italia. Mancavano per� ancora
Veneto e Roma per completare l�unificazione.