Transtorno de Pânico (Síndrome do Pânico)
Autor: Dra. Vivian Annuseck | Publicado: 2012-09-20T18:10:00-03:00


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<![endif]--> O artigo de hoje é sobre o
Transtorno de Pânico (TP), uma condição muitas vezes incapacitante. É comum em clínicas
médicas gerais – como cardiologia, neurologia, doenças respiratórias – onde pode
não ser diagnosticado.
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O TP tende a iniciar desde o fim
da adolescência até por volta dos 30 anos, é três vezes mais comum em mulheres
e há um risco 8 vezes maior de ocorrer em parentes em 1º grau de indivíduos já
diagnosticados.





O que é um Ataque de Pânico?

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Ataques
de pânico podem ocorrer em diversos transtornos mentais e, em alguns casos, em
pessoas que não apresentam nenhum tipo de diagnóstico.&nbsp;



&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; É um
período bem distinto, sendo fácil de perceber o começo e o fim da crise, que
começa de repente, atinge um pico rapidamente (mais ou menos 10 minutos), de
muito medo ou desconforto. Pode vir junto uma sensação de perigo, catástrofe,
necessidade de fugir, perder o controle, ter um derrame, um ataque cardíaco,
entre outras.



&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Junto
disso, quatro ou mais dos seguintes sintomas:
- palpitações&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; - tontura ou sensação de desmaio
- sudorese&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; - sensações de perda da realidade
- tremores&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; - medo de perder o controle ou enlouquecer
- falta de ar&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; - medo de morrer
- sensação de asfixia&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; - formigamentos
- dor no peito&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; - calafrios ou ondas de calor
- enjoo ou dor abdominal



O que é Agorafobia?

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; A
agorafobia é a ansiedade relacionada a estar em situações ou locais dos quais
poderia ser difícil escapar ou onde poderia não existir auxílio caso ocorresse
um ataque de pânico (ou algum de seus sintomas).



&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Em
geral, o indivíduo que sofre de agorafobia teme várias situações, como: ficar
fora de casa sozinho, multidões, filas, viajar (de ônibus, carro, trem, etc) e
outras. Por causa disso, a maioria dos pacientes evita estas situações quando
não tem companhia ou passa por elas com muito sofrimento e medo de ter crises
ou sintomas.


&nbsp;O que é Transtorno de Pânico (TP)?
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; A característica do TP é a ocorrência de ataques de pânico repetidos e inesperados (vindos “do nada”). Além
disso, a pessoa fica preocupada em ter novos ataques, tem medo de consequências que acredita que eles possam causar (p. ex.: que pode ter um ataque cardíaco) ou muda seu comportamento após ter o ataque de pânico.


&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; O TP pode cursar com ou sem agorafobia.




Transtornos mentais associados (Comorbidades)

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; É muito
comum que outros transtornos psiquiátricos estejam presentes no caso dos
pacientes com TP.



&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Uma das
comorbidades mais comuns é a Depressão, com taxas variando entre 10 a 65% dos
pacientes com TP também sendo diagnosticados com depressão. Em dois terços dos
casos, a depressão foi diagnosticada depois do TP já estar presente.



&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;Transtorno de Ansiedade Generalizada (TAG)
ocorre em 15 a 30% dos indivíduos e aproximadamente 30% desenvolvem pelo menos
um Transtorno por Uso de Substância (álcool e outras drogas) ao longo da vida.





Tratamento

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; O
tratamento de primeira linha para o TP inclui algumas classes de medicações e a terapia cognitivo comportamental (TCC).&nbsp;



&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Cada
paciente tem uma resposta; portanto, é necessário o acompanhamento regular, até
concluir as etapas do tratamento.&nbsp;







&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; O
Transtorno de Pânico afeta cada indivíduo de forma muito particular, dependendo
não só da intensidade de suas crises ou da preocupação que elas provocaram, mas
também do atendimento que receberam e quanto tempo levou até que fosse
diagnosticado. Se todas as possibilidades orgânicas (ataque cardíaco, problemas
pulmonares, etc) já foram excluídas, uma avaliação especializada está indicada.