Comentário do Professor Fábio Borges
Autor: Grupo Histórico | Publicado: 2011-11-10T14:14:00-08:00

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Arranjo Político do Segundo Reinado&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; O período balizado entre 1840 e 1889 é conhecido pela História como SEGUNDO REINADO. Antes de discorrer sobre o assunto supracitado, faz-se necessário, uma releitura crítica acerca do processo histórico que o antecede.A “Independência do Brasil” ocorrida em 07/09/1822 foi marcada pela inexpressiva participação popular. Fatores como a vinda da Família Real para o Brasil em consequência do Bloqueio Continental, imposto por Napoleão Bonaparte, no qual, Portugal não podia comercializar com os ingleses, abertura dos portos as nações amigas, a Revolução Liberal do Porto, dentre outros, contribuíram para a Independência brasileira. Portanto, não existiu uma luta emanada pelo povo, e sim um arranjo histórico. Após este episódio, D. João IV retorna a Portugal e seu filho D. Pedro I assume o Império até 1831&nbsp;quando o mesmo renunciou deixando seu filho D. Pedro II com 5 anos e José Bonifácio como seu tutor – Período chamado Regencial – caracterizado por uma poítica conservadora e autoritária garantindo sua sustentabilidade política. Para por fim ao período Regencial, D. Pedro II, apoiado pelo Partido Liberal aplica o Golpe da Maioridade e assume o Império em 1840 dando início ao Segundo Reinado.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; O então imperador cria o parlamentarismo em 1847, que ficou conhecido históricamente como Parlamentarismo às aversas, onde o mesmo, gozava de poder absoluto, uma vez que, podia demitir todo o ministério e escolher outro presidente do conselho, ou até mesmo diluir a Câmara e convocar novas eleições.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; O Segundo Reinado foi marcado pelas “barganhas políticas” oferecidas por D. Pedro II aos partidos Liberais e conservadores garantindo-lhe a permanência no poder. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Atualmente, existe uma participação política ativa da camada popular&nbsp; na tomada de decisões no Brasil? Na passagem do Período Imperial para o republicano &nbsp;a máquina estatal permitiu um maior envolvimento da massa nesse processo? &nbsp;&nbsp;Fábio BorgesGraduando em HistóriaUniversidade Estadual de Santa Cruz – UESCTel.: (73) 3241-2273e-mail: fabioborges_45@hotmail.com