Sonda Rosetta pousa em cometa, terminando sua missão de 12 anos
Autor: Blog do Paim | Publicado: 2016-09-30T05:51:00-07:00






Rosetta continuou coletando dados enquanto descia em direção ao cometa. Em feito inédito, sonda lançou robô ao 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko em 2014.



































Por G1, em São Paulo

30/09/2016 às 08:22&nbsp;·&nbsp;Atualizado há 29 minutos





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A sonda Rosetta pousou com sucesso nesta sexta-feira (30) no cometa 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko, pondo fim fim a uma missão ousada de mais de uma década da Agência Espacial Europeia (ESA, sigla em inglês) .





Pouco depois das 8h20 (horário de Brasília) desta sexta-feira (30), o cientista Patrick Martin, gerente da Missão Rosetta, anunciou o "sucesso total da descida histórica" da sonda em direção ao cometa e declarou terminada a missão. "É a culminação de um tremendo sucesso científico e técnico da missão", afirmou.


















ESA postou ilustração para comemorar o fim da Missão Rosetta com o pouso da sonda em cometa (Foto: Reprodução/Twitter/ESA Rosetta Mission)












Batizada em homenagem à famosa pedra da Rosetta, que permitiu decifrar os hieróglifos egípcios, o projeto é o primeiro desenvolvido para orbitar e aterrissar sobre um cometa. A operação no espaço termina com muitos dados produzidos e enviados à Terra.





Em 2014, a Rosetta lançou sobre o cometa o robô Philae, após anos de viagem pelo espaço, com o objetivo de estudar a composição desse corpo celeste.






























Animação simula o pouso da sonda Rosetta no cometa Churyumov






Compostos químicos, gases e poeira presentes ali podem conter respostas sobre a formação dos planetas do Sistema Solar. Além disso, apontariam aos cientistas uma direção para descobrir como a vida surgiu, no estágio em que a conhecemos.





Uma das teorias sobre o início da vida na Terra sugere que os primeiros ingredientes da chamada "sopa orgânica" vieram de um cometa, considerados alguns dos corpos celestes mais antigos do Sistema Solar.





Últimas fotosNesta sexta-feira mesmo, chegaram as últimas fotos tiradas pela sonda antes de repousar para sempre sobre o cometa.


















Imagem do cometa 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko tirada nesta sexta-feira (30) pela câmera OSIRIS, da sonda Rosetta, durante a descida da sonda rumo ao cometa (Foto: ESA/Rosetta/MPS for OSIRIS Team MPS/UPD/LAM/IAA/SSO/INTA/UPM/DASP/IDA)






"Durante a missão, os cientistas ficam imersos em sua execução e planejamento. Agora, eles vão ficar ocupados durante anos", explicou em entrevista à Agência Efe o chefe do escritório de coordenação da ESA, Fabio Favata.


















Missão Rosetta (Foto: Editoria de Arte/G1)






As informações captadas durante a descida pelo gás, o pó e o plasma a uma distância antes do impacto, são a cereja do bolo de um longo trabalho de pesquisa, cuja herança será extensa.





"Com a Rosetta foram feitas, pela primeira vez, operações com paineis solares longe do Sol. Houve desafios técnicos que foram controlados e que permitirão missões futuras", acrescentou Favata.





O italiano prefere não qualificá-la de missão histórica, mas a reconhece como "uma das grandes" de sua agência, que tentou esclarecer melhor com ela a formação e evolução do Sistema Solar e entender como ele era no momento em que a Terra se originou.


















Chocolates em formato do cometa 67P "Churi" foram servidos no Centro de Operações da Agência Espacial Europeia (ESA) nesta sexta-feira (30) (Foto: Daniel Roland/AFP)






Novos projetosCom o fim de um dos projetos que mais visibilidade deu à ESA, a agência europeia não ficará órfã de projetos tão ou mais interessantes que Rosetta.





Segundo o representante da agência, 2018 será um ano cheio. É o ano, entre outros exemplos, em que será lançada BepiColombo, uma missão conjunta a Mercúrio da ESA com a agência espacial japonesa JAXA.


















Ilustração mostra a sonda rosetta chegando perto do cometa Chury (Foto: ESA)






É também o ano previsto para o lançamento da missão Solar Orbiter, concebida em parceria com a americana Nasa, que se aproximará do Sol mais que qualquer outra para analisar o magnetismo solar, sua atividade explosiva e os efeitos imediatos nas proximidades da estrela.





Além disso, será o ano em que, a bordo de um Ariane 5, será lançado junto com a Nasa e sua homóloga canadense o telescópio espacial James Webb, que pretende realizar observações infravermelhas do universo, detectar as galáxias mais antigas e presenciar o nascimento de novas estrelas.





Mais adiante, aparece na agenda a sonda JUICE, que aproveitará a tecnologia desenvolvida para Rosetta e, quando for lançada em 2022, será a primeira missão europeia com destino ao planeta Júpiter, para estudar a aparição de mundos habitáveis em torno de seus gigantes gasosos.


















Foto do cometa 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko feita pela rosetta a 329 km (Foto: ESA)






Foto do topo: Daniel Roland/AFP