Teoria da “Maiêutica”
Autor: Regina Lúcia Borges da Silva | Publicado: 2012-05-12T08:35:00-07:00


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A maiêutica é a arte de fazer chegar à verdade e às evidências,
que de acordo com Sócrates, eram os “princípios” ou “as verdades eternas”;
neste caso, o diálogo, como um “parteiro” de ideias é o ingrediente essencial a
essa arte.

No método maiêutico, a primeira etapa corresponde “às dores do
parto”, sendo momento em que o filósofo, partindo da premissa de que nada
sabia, levava o interlocutor a apresentar suas opiniões. Em seguida, fazia-o
perceber as próprias contradições ou ignorância para que procedesse a uma
depuração intelectual. Mas só a depuração não levaria à verdade – chegar a ela
constituía a segunda etapa do processo, na qual ocorria o “parto das ideias”
(expresso pela palavra maiêutica), momento em que ocorria a reconstrução do
conceito, em que o próprio interlocutor ia “polindo” as noções até chegar ao
conceito verdadeiro por aproximações sucessivas. O processo de formar o indivíduo
para ser cidadão e sábio devia começar pela educação do corpo, que permite
controlar o físico.

De acordo com Sócrates, o objeto da ciência não era o sensível ou
o particular ou o indivíduo que passa e sim o inteligível ou o conceito que se
conhece pela definição, obtido através da indução e que consiste em comparar vários
indivíduos da mesma espécie, eliminar-lhes as diferenças individuais, as
qualidades mutáveis e reter-lhes o elemento comum, estável e permanente, que
era a natureza, a essência.

A
maiêutica é um método de ensino socrático no qual o professor se utiliza de
perguntas que se multiplicam para levar o aluno a responder às próprias
questões. É uma técnica de ensino fantástica, que atinge resultados excelentes.
Tem a vantagem de funcionar como verdadeiro exercício mental para o aluno, que,
utilizando seus próprios conhecimentos, desenvolve a capacidade associativa,
otimizando recursos na estruturação de mecanismos de raciocínio lógico. Também
funciona muito bem para bebês.





REFERÊNCIAS



Disponível em: &lt;http://www.sca.org.br/artigos/MaieuticaSocrates.pdf&gt;.
Acesso em: 10 maio 2012.