Cultura marajoara
Autor: Deo Almeida | Publicado: 2011-08-04T14:55:00-07:00

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 <![endif]-->  As controvérsias em torno da origem da cultura marajoara se sucedem. Alguns estudiosos indicam&nbsp;que ela se&nbsp;inicia com&nbsp;grupos em alto estágio de desenvolvimento que emigram de outras&nbsp;regiões da&nbsp;América do Sul, provavelmente da área subandina, para a Ilha de Marajó. Outros sugerem ter a cultura marajoara se originado localmente, fruto de mudanças culturais ocorridas entre as populações que habitavam anteriormente a ilha. Divergências à parte, sabe-se que os grupos responsáveis pela cerâmica marajoara da tradição policrômica concentram-se nas regiões baixas e alagadiças ao redor do lago Arari,&nbsp;onde constroem grandes aterros artificiais (alguns com mais de 10 metros de altura e 200 metros de comprimento) para habitação, cemitérios e realização de cerimônias. Nesses sítios os arqueólogos encontram vestígios de ocupação e ampla produção cerâmica que estimam ter sido realizada por artesãos especializados. Desse conjunto - bancos, miniaturas, estátuas, adornos labiais e auriculares etc. - destacam-se&nbsp;peças mortuárias e urnas funerárias, em geral encontradas com ossos e objetos pessoais. Altamente decoradas, essas peças rituais&nbsp;retratam imagens estilizadas de humanos e animais - muitas vezes, corujas e aves noturnas - como expressão de mitos e crenças. A representação de órgãos sexuais deixa entrever se as urnas são&nbsp;feitas para mulheres ou&nbsp;para homens. Símbolos geométricos e padrões simétricos são os motivos decorativos mais usuais. Representações femininas são recorrentes não apenas nos potes funerários, mas também nas estatuetas, podendo aparecer figuras ancestrais ou míticas, simultaneamente com traços animais e humanos.