Compasso, tempo e andamento
Autor: José Augusto Dias | Publicado: 2014-11-10T09:01:00-08:00





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O Compasso é o tempo organizado, é a divisão da
música em séries regulares de tempo.&nbsp;Na pauta musical, os compassos são
separados por uma linha vertical, chamada barra de compasso.



O tempo, pulso ou pulsação é um batimento regular,
de tempos iguais, que se caracteriza pela constância e repetição. Algumas vezes
a pulsação não é tocada nem cantada, mas apenas sentida corporalmente.



As combinações rítmicas sempre se baseiam em uma
pulsação regular, também chamada de tempo da música. 



Essas pulsações podem ser agrupadas dois a dois,
três a três, quatro a quatro. 

Assim, os compassos são classificados de acordo com
o número de pulsos (2, 3 ou 4). São os chamados compassos binários, ternários
ou quaternários.



Cada tempo do compasso pode ser dividido em duas ou
três partes. Se o tempo sofrer uma divisão em duas partes, chamamos o compasso
de simples, e se ele sofrer uma divisão em três partes, o chamamos de compasso
composto. 



Exemplos de compassos:&nbsp;



Binário simples, 

Binário composto,&nbsp;

Ternário simples, 

Ternário composto,&nbsp;

Quaternário simples, 

Quaternário composto.



Quando nos compassos o primeiro tempo é fraco,
então dizemos que o ritmo está em contratempo. Assim, o contratempo é um
deslocamento do tempo forte do compasso. 



O andamento tem a ver com a velocidade da execução.
Se observarmos a execução de uma música por dois intérpretes diferentes,
veremos que, apesar do ritmo ser o mesmo, normalmente o andamento terá alguma
variação de um para outro.