OSTEOPOROSE E ATIVIDADE FÍSICA! parte 1 
Autor: Igor Dialucci da Silva | Publicado: 2014-10-12T19:50:00-07:00









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O QUE É A OSTEOPOROSE ?












É uma doença que tem como característica a diminuição da massa
óssea e pela deterioração da microarquitetura do tecido ósseo, sem alterações
significativas da proporção entre matriz mineral e não mineral. Quando é
diagnosticado, esta doença deve se ter um cuidado maior com a fragilidade óssea
levando a um maior risco de fraturas.

Aproximadamente 1,5 milhões de fraturas m ossos fragilizados
decorrentes de quedas não muito maiores que sua própria altura, nos EUA e
acomete 30% das mulheres americanas e 12% dos homens em algum momento da vida.
Estudos brasileiros mostram que 0,4% da mulheres na pré-menopausa e até 40%
&nbsp;da mulheres acima dos 70 anos apresentam esta doença. O diagnostico
antecipado é considerado baixo, isso
poderia&nbsp;ocasionar&nbsp;medidas&nbsp;preventivas&nbsp;antes das fraturas
ocorrerem.&nbsp;



Sua Etiologia é
multifatorial:



Histórico
     Familiar&nbsp;
Pessoas
     de pele branca, baixas e magras&nbsp;
Asiáticos&nbsp;
Deficiência&nbsp;na
     produção de Hormônios
Medicamentos
     a base de cortisona, heparina e no tratamento da epilepsia.
Alimentação
     deficiente em cálcio e Vitamina D&nbsp;
Baixa
     Exposição a luz solar&nbsp;
Imobilização&nbsp;e
     repouso prolongado. ( Será abordado mais a baixo )&nbsp;
Sedentarismo&nbsp;
Tabagismo
     ( fumo )&nbsp;
Consumo
     de álcool excessivo
Certo
     tipos de câncer&nbsp;
Algumas
     doenças&nbsp;toreumatológicas, endócrinas e hepáticas.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;









FATORES
GENÉTICOS&nbsp;


Densidade Mineral Óssea (
DMO), exame clínico que tem sido um fator predominante na indicação de
perda óssea e geneticamente determinado, como foi determinado por pesquisadores
que&nbsp;estudaram&nbsp;grêmios&nbsp;idênticos. A partir disso alguns estudos
estão tendo uma outra visão sobre o problema tendo alterações genéticas os
Polimorfismos nos genes envolvidos com o metabolismo ósseo e sua correlação com
a osteoporose; estes sendo herdados e se traduzem
como&nbsp;características&nbsp;individuais, estas alterações&nbsp;genéticas&nbsp;alteram
um pouco as proteínas que os genes&nbsp;codificam e por isso temos
diferentes&nbsp;características&nbsp;nos portadores de tais&nbsp;alterações
como por exemplo pré disposição a osteoporose.&nbsp;

Como receptor de vitamina D desempenha um fator central no
metabolismo ósseo seus&nbsp;polimorfismos têm sido&nbsp;estudados ( os nomes
dos polimorfismos mais estudados são Cdx2, Fok l, Bsm l, Apa l, Taq l ), e como
o colágeno tipo l Alpha 1 é a&nbsp;proteína&nbsp;mais abundante do osso, um
dos&nbsp;polimorfismo do seu gene conhecido como Sp1,&nbsp;também&nbsp;tem sido
indicado na&nbsp;disposição&nbsp;a osteoporose.&nbsp;


IMOBILIZAÇÃO, REPOUSO PROLONGADO E
DESUSO.&nbsp;


Entretanto podemos enumerar dois fatores importantes como baixo pico de massa
óssea, atingindo na maturidade esquelética e a acelerada perda de massa óssea
na pós-menopausa.

Temos uma forma de osteoporose que se correlaciona pelo desuso, é
desenvolvida em pessoas que não praticam exercícios programados regularmente.
Isso gera uma ausência de tensão mecânica, decorrente da poderosa ação muscular
antigravitacional, utilizada para se manter em pé ou andar.

a perda de densidade parece ser maior no osso "trabecular do
que no cortical".

O osso TRABECULAR
é muito menos espesso, já que é formado por laminas ósseas irregulares
dispostas no vários sentidos, deixando espaços livres entre si, ocupados pela
medula óssea encarregado de constituir as células sanguíneas. Osso com o
aspecto poroso semelhante a uma esponja, trabéculas adaptam uma disposição
específica determinada pela força de tração a que o osso se encontra submetido
o que lhe gera uma maior resistência.

Osso CORTICAL é
formado por lâminas ósseas paralelas e extremamente próximas entre si,
constituindo uma substancia dura e compacta que gera resistência ao osso. Em
termos gerais, este osso é responsável pela formação de uma camada exterior de
espessura variável, por sua vez revestida por uma membrana resistente
denominada periósteo.
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<!--StartFragment-->







































<!--EndFragment-->

As causas mais comuns são mobilização de um membro por gesso,
tipoia, ou aparelho de órtese, repouso prolongado em leito Esta imobilização
causa uma rápida diminuição na densidade mineral óssea, acompanhada tanto na
matriz óssea quanto como na mineral. Durante uma imobilização de 6 meses pode
se perder de 30% a 40% da massa óssea.


referencias:&nbsp;



Assessment of Fracture Risk and its Application to Screening for
Postmenopausal Osteoporosis.&nbsp;

Osteporosis: Detection, prevention, and treatment in primary care.&nbsp;

Revista da Associação dos Professores de
Educação Física de Londrina.&nbsp;

Clinical Symposia - Prevenção e Tratamento
da Osteoporose.&nbsp;

High-affinity growth hormone binding
protein and actue heavy resistance exercise.

Physical Activity and Health.&nbsp;

Pathogenese of osteoporosis.&nbsp;
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<![endif]-->

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<!--EndFragment-->

ACSM 1995 &nbsp;