Pré-Modernismo
Autor: Jampa Almeida | Publicado: 2011-08-05T20:19:00-07:00

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1.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Momento histórico
Enquanto a Europa se preparava para a 1ª Guerra Mundial, o Brasil começava a viver, a partir de 1894, um novo período de sua história republicana: a “Republica do café-com-leite” substitui a “Republica da espada”. Essa época foi marcada pelo auge da economia cafeeira no Sudeste, pela entrada de grandes levas de imigrantes no país, notadamente de italianos, pelo esplendor da Amazônia, com o ciclo da borracha, e pelo surto de urbanização em São Paulo.Mas toda essa prosperidade veio acentuar cada vez mais os fortes contrastes da realidade brasileira, por isso, nesse período também ocorreram várias agitações sociais, muitas delas no abandonado Nordeste.Em 1904, o Rio de Janeiro assistiu a uma rápida, mas intensa rebelião popular: a Revolta da Vacina. Em 1910, houve outra importante rebelião, dessa vez dos marinheiros, liderados por João Cândido – Revolta da Chibata. Ao mesmo tempo, em São Paulo, as classes trabalhadoras, sob orientação anarquista, iniciavam os movimentos grevistas por melhores condições de trabalho. Essas agitações eram sintomas da crise na “Republica do café-com-leite”, que se tornaria mais evidente na década de 1920, servindo de cenário para os questionamentos da Semana de Arte Moderna.
2.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Características gerais
Apesar de o Pré-modernismo não constituir uma “escola literária”, pois não há nos autores dessa fase aspectos formais, que os assemelhem, mas tão somente temáticos.&nbsp; Podemos perceber alguns pontos comuns às principais obras desse período:● Ruptura com o passado, com o academicismo – Apesar de algumas posturas que podem ser consideradas conservadoras, há esse caráter inovador em determinadas obras.● Denúncia da realidade brasileira – Nega-se o Brasil literário herdado do Romantismo e do Parnasianismo; o “Brasil não-oficial” do sertão nordestino, dos caboclos interioranos, dos subúrbios, é o grande tema do Pré-Modernismo.● Regionalismo – Monta-se um vasto painel brasileiro.●Tipos humanos marginalizados – o sertanejo nordestino, o caipira e entre outros.● Ligação com fatos políticos, econômicos e sociais contemporâneos – Diminui a distância entre a realidade e a ficção.