Passando hidrogênio no pão
Autor: Instituto Mairiporã | Publicado: 2013-03-27T21:29:00-03:00

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Achei interessante e decidi compartilhar com vocês:

&nbsp;

A dona de
casa pode não saber, mas ao comprar margarina, xampu, sabão ou detergente está
contribuindo para a produção de hidrogênio. É que esse gás tem a propriedade
peculiar de se combinar com quase todos os elementos — da água ao amoníaco,
passando pelo carbono, com o qual forma açúcares, hidratos de carbono e
hidrocarbonetos, como o petróleo. Ele serve para separar ou purificar materiais
na indústria química, na de alimentos, remédios, aços, resinas, explosivos etc.



O hidrogênio
puro, obtido por processos eletrolíticos, ou seja, pela circulação de
eletricidade na água, entra na produção de gorduras e álcoois, que são a
matéria-prima de sabões, detergentes, cosméticos, além dos solventes usados na
indústria têxtil. Outra aplicação industrial do hidrogênio é a transformação de
óleos vegetais em gorduras. O óleo de coco, por exemplo, na presença do
hidrogênio transforma-se em gordura e glicerina. Essa gordura será utilizada
depois na fabricação de margarina.



Em reações
que requerem grandes quantidades de hidrogênio com um nível de pureza menor, a
indústria recorre ao petróleo. O hidrogênio é obtido do petróleo por meio do
craqueamento (quebra), um processo de quebra de moléculas de hidrocarbonetos
com o auxílio de catalisadores — em geral óxidos de ferro. As refinarias usam o
hidrogênio para tirar enxofre do petróleo bruto.&nbsp;



Quando combinado com o
enxofre, o hidrogênio se transforma em gás sulfídrico, responsável pelo mau
cheiro das refinarias.

Mas sua
aplicação mais importante do ponto de vista econômico e em que se esgotam 80
por cento do produto retirado do petróleo é na indústria de fertilizantes. Sem
hidrogênio não haveria agricultura com amplo suporte de tecnologia avançada
como se conhece hoje: ele é o responsável pela produção de amônia, da qual é
retirado o nitrogênio dos fertilizantes.



http://super.abril.com.br/superarquivo/?edn=005Ed&amp;yr=1988a&amp;mt=fevereirom&amp;ys=1988y
acesso 15/03/2013 15:00h



Professora Selma Bosco