Em que consiste a "Teoria dos dois mundos" defendida por Patão?
Autor: Orminda | Publicado: 2012-05-04T18:47:00-07:00







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Um
dos aspectos mais importantes da filosofia de Platão é sua teoria dos dois
mundos (mundo sensível e mundo inteligível ou mundo das idéias),&nbsp; o mundo
dos sentidos, do qual não podemos ter senão um conhecimento aproximado ou
imperfeito, já que fazemos uso de nossos sentidos. Neste mundo dos sentidos,
tudo "flui" as coisas simplesmente surgem e desaparecem. A outra
parte é o mundo das idéias, do qual
podemos chegar a ter um conhecimento seguro, se para tanto fizermos uso de
nossa razão. Este mundo das idéias não pode ser conhecido através dos sentidos.
Em compensação, as idéias (ou formas) são eternas, imutáveis e reais,
com a qual procura explicar como se desenvolve o conhecimento humano. Segundo
ele, o processo de conhecimento se desenvolve por meio da passagem progressiva
do mundo das sombras e aparências para o mundo das idéias e essências.

Para Platão, no mundo
das idéias é que moram os seres totais e perfeitos: a justiça, a bondade, a
coragem, a sabedoria, etc.

Fora do mundo das idéias, tudo o que
captamos através dos nossos sentidos possui apenas uma parte do ser ideal. O
mundo sensível, portanto, é um mundo de seres incompletos e imperfeitos. 

Para Platão, o ser eterno e universal
habita o mundo da luz racional, da essência e da realidade pura. E os seres
individuais e mutáveis moram no mundo das sombras e sensações, das aparências e
ilusões.