Transmissão
Autor: carlos ibarra | Publicado: 2012-09-04T05:35:00-07:00



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&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Cuida de levar o sinal de A para B. Uma série de
tecnologias existem para levar um sinal de A para B, a mais evidente sendo um
fio de cobre ou par telefônico. A transmissão pode também ser sem fio,
utilizando o rádio (as ondas eletromagnéticas). A transmissão também pode ser
via fibra óptica. A onda eletromagnética, no caso, é a da luz que fica
confinada a uma meio transparente (a fibra) e percorre longas distâncias. A luz
é uma oscilação eletromagnética de frequência muito elevada; tem uma faixa
passante muito grande; e permite comunicar uma grande quantidade de informação.&nbsp;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Em termos gerais, quanto mais baixa a frequência mais estreita é a faixa
passante que ela pode prover e menos informação pode carrear. Isso explica por
que os canais de rádio de broadcasting (em frequência baixa) não são tão
numerosos assim e uma transmissão em microondas pode conter milhares de canais
de voz, simultâneos.&nbsp;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Para frequências mais baixas, um meio físico (uma parede)
não constitui um obstáculo. Para frequencias mais altas (o comprimento de onda
é da ordem de cm) obstáculos físicos passam a interferir. Microondas têm que
operar em “visada direta” e utiliza-se repetir o sinal quando se quer alcançar
distâncias maiores.