9° ano A - Introdução ao estudo da Física
Autor: prof. Cida | Publicado: 2017-03-12T17:07:00-04:00

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CONVERSÕES
DE MEDIDAS EM FÍSICA



&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Todos
nós sabemos que a matemática nasceu da necessidade&nbsp; que o ser humano tinha de contar. As medidas
também são tão antigas quanto à contagem. Supõe-se que elas surgiram quando o
ser humano passou a fazer plantações. Ainda hoje as medidas estão presentes em
quase todas as atividades do nosso cotidiano.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Antigamente,
cada povo utilizava um sistema de unidades diferentes para medir comprimentos,
tomando como base partes do corpo humano.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Unidades
como o palmo, o passo, o pé, o braço, etc. foram usados para fazer medidas.
Atualmente, usamos o Sistema Métrico Decimal. Ele é universal e tem unidade
fundamental o metro, cujo símbolo é m.



 

  
Múltiplos 

  
Unidade de base

  
Submúltiplos 

 


 

  
Unidade

  
Quilo

metro

  
Hectô

metro

  
Decâ

metro

  


Metro

  
Decí

metro

  
Centí

metro

  
Milí

metro

 

  
Notação

  
km

  
hm

  
dam

  
m

  
dm

  
cm

  
mm

 

  
Valor

  
1000
   m

  
100
   m

  
10
   m

  
1 m

  
0,1
   m

  
0,01
   m

  
0,001

 




Capacidade
de um recipiente: o litro

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; A
quantidade de líquido ou de gás que um recipiente pode conter é denominada capacidade do recipiente. O volume
interior do recipiente é a sua capacidade. Para medir a capacidade utilizamos o
litro (l).

Quando os volumes a
serem medidos são muito menores que o litro, costuma-se usar um submúltiplo do
litro, o mililitro, cujo símbolo é
ml.


 

  
Múltiplos

  
Unidade padrão 

  
Submúltiplos 

 

  
Quilolitro

  
Hectolitro

  
Decalitro

  
Litro

  
Decilitro

  
Centilitro

  
Mililitro

 

  
1000
   l

  
100
   l

  
10
   l

  
1000 ml

  
0,1
   l

  
0,01
   l

  
0,001

 

  
kl

  
hl

  
dal

  
l

  
dl

  
cl

  
ml

 





Medidas
de massa

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Quando
nos pesamos, estamos medindo a massa do nosso corpo, ou seja, a quantidade de
matéria nele existente. O instrumento usado para fazer essa medição é a
balança. A unidade fundamental para medir a massa de um corpo é o grama (g).

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; O
peso de um corpo é a força com que a Terra atrai o corpo. O peso varia de local
para local, já a massa continua sempre a mesma.

 

  
Múltiplos

  
Unidade padrão 

  
Submúltiplos 

 

  
Quilograma

  
Hectograma

  
Decagrama

  
grama

  
Decigrama

  
Centigrama

  
Miligrama

 

  
1000
   g

  
100
   g

  
10
   g

  
1 g

  
0,1
   g

  
0,01
   g

  
0,001
   g

 

  
kg

  
hg

  
dag

  
g

  
dg

  
cg

  
Mg

 


&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; O
quilograma é o múltiplo do grama mais utilizado. O miligrama é o submúltiplo
mais utilizado, principalmente pelas indústrias química e farmacêutica. Para
grandes quantidades de massa, usa-se a tonelada (t), que corresponde a 1000 quilogramas.
Em alguns casos, como na pesagem do gado para sua comercialização, utiliza-se a
arroba, que corresponde a 15 quilogramas.



Medidas
de tempo: o segundo

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Na
antiguidade, as pessoas, para contar o tempo, observavam a passagem dos dias,
das noites ou das estações do ano. Para marcar o tempo, os antigos egípcios
inventaram o relógio de sol.Para medir o tempo com o relógio egípcio,
observava-se, em um mostrador, o movimento da sombra produzida pelo Sol no
decorrer do dia.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; O
relógio atual mede o tempo em horas, minutos e segundos. O segundo é a unidade
fundamental das medidas de tempo. Uma hora tem 60 minutos, e um minuto tem 60
segundos. Como as unidades de tempo não pertencem ao sistema decimal, não se usa vírgula para escrever as
horas, os minutos e os segundos.

Exemplo: 5h 20min 40s.



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TABELA
DE CONVERSÕES EM FÍSICA

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Para
transformar uma unidade maior em menor, temos que multiplicar o valor da
unidade maior pelo número de vezes que ela é maior que a unidade menor.
Inversamente, para transformar uma unidade menor em outra maior, precisamos
dividir o valor da unidade menor pelo número de vezes que ela é menor que a
unidade maior. Siga o esquema:

MAIOR&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; ------multiplicação-------à&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; menor



Menor&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; --------- divisão---------à Maior















# Unidades de comprimento: 

Km&nbsp; à m à&nbsp; cm&nbsp; à mm

1 km : 1000 m&nbsp;&nbsp; 1m: 1000 mm

1m : 100 cm&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 1km: 100000 cm

1cm : 10 mm 



&nbsp; #
Unidades de peso:

K&nbsp; à g&nbsp; à mg

1k : 1000 g

1g : 1000 mg

1kg: 1000000mg



&nbsp;# Unidades de
medidas de líquidos:

L à ml

1L
: 1000 ml



&nbsp; # Unidades de tempo:

H&nbsp; à min&nbsp; à s

1h:
60 min

1min
: 60 s

1h
: 3600 s

30
min : 0,5 h



&nbsp; 







&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; As unidades de velocidade mais
usadas são : 1m/s , 1 cm/s&nbsp; e 1 km/h.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Relação da velocidade dada em km/h e
em m/s : 1 km/h = 1m/3,6s

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Para transformar km/h em m/s, basta
dividir o valor dado em km/h por 3,6. Para transformar m/s em km/h basta
multiplicar o valor dado em m/s por 3,6.








VARIAÇÃO DE POSIÇÃO
OU DESLOCAMENTO

ΔS=S-S0



VELOCIDADE MÉDIA

VM=
ΔS: ΔT

ΔT= ΔS
: VM

ΔS= ΔT.
VM



ONDE:

ΔS=deslocamento ou
distancia

S=
posição final

S0=
posição inicial

VM=
velocidade média

ΔT= intervalo de
tempo

&nbsp;&nbsp;

&nbsp;converter horas, minutos e segundos


converter km, m e mm&nbsp;