Faça uma pesquisa sobre a Filosofia Moderna  e discorra sobre a mesma, destacando suas principais características.
Autor: nildealves23@hotmail.com | Publicado: 2012-05-03T16:26:00-07:00

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A filosofia moderna numa visão
ampla, por assim dizer, investiga com profundidade a questão da verdade e dos
processos cognitivos para produzi-la. Descartes numa (1596-1650) parte da
reflexão: se no estado do sono, muitas vezes quando sonhamos estamos iludidos
de ser realidade, como então, tiver certeza de que também em estado de vigília
ao menos em parte proporcional não continuemos iludidos com a realidade? Resta
duvidar, e se estamos duvidando, estamos pensando e se pensamos, logo,
existimos. Portanto, cogito ergo sum, penso logo existo.

A filosofia da idade moderna
nasceu graças aos trabalhos dos protagonistas do renascimento cultural e
científico dos séculos XIV e XV entre eles Nicolau Copérnico, Leonardo da
Vinci[3], e dos esforços de cientistas e pensadores como Galileu Galilei[4], Francis
Bacon[5], René Descartes[6] e Emanuel Kant[7] nos séculos seguintes e tem entre
suas características:

O Racionalismo

A filosofia moderna propriamente falando iniciou-se com a
teoria do conhecimento do René Descartes. Conhecido como pai da filosofia
moderna, parece que ele levou muito a sério as palavras do Leonardo Da Vinci
que diz "Quem pouca pensa, muito erra."! [8] Na Idade Média, na
sociedade e na política a Palavra de Deus, considerada fonte única do
conhecimento absoluto, foi interpretada pela igreja que dominava todos os
aspectos da vida. O renascimento trouxe uma ênfase renovada no desenvolvimento
científico e na capacidade humana e a necessidade de uma nova definição do ser
humano e seu lugar no mundo.

O Empirismo

Quando Leonardo Da Vinci afirma que "A sabedoria é filha
da experiência" (ABBAGNANO, §388) ele de fato resume em poucas palavras a
crença dos empiristas ingleses cujo trabalho antecedeu por quase um século.
Francis Bacon, John Locke[10], David Hume[11] e outros pensadores contra
posição aos racionalistas do continente europeu desenvolveram e propagavam o
raciocínio experimental, ou seja, a teoria de que o único caminho pelo qual o
homem pode chegar ao conhecimento é através da experiência sensível (empírica).

A perfectibilidade.

Os precursores da filosofia moderna entre eles Leonardo da
Vinci, Copérnico e Galileu acreditaram na perfectibilidade da natureza e
defenderam a teoria da perfectibilidade da razão humana. Iniciou-se uma
"busca por expressar, entender, explicar pela razão perfeita a natureza
perfeita" [12] A ciência renascentista entendeu que pelo fato que Deus
criou a natureza é possível conhecer Deus através da natureza e, portanto,
produzir conhecimento.