O Estado Novo fascista (1937-1945)
Autor: Equipe Vetus | Publicado: 2011-07-07T00:04:00-03:00

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 <![endif]-->  A constituição de 1937, a chamada "polaca", foi outorgada e era fascista. 
Estabelecia que o presidente tivesse o poder nas mãos enquanto não se convocasse um plebiscito para aprová-la (o que não aconteceu).  
  A ditadura: Os partidos foram suprimidos, o legislativo suspenso, a censura estabelecida pelo departamento de imprensa e propaganda (DIP), centralizou-se as funções administrativas através do departamento de administração do serviço público (DASP), as liberdades civis deixaram de existir.  
  A economia: Aprofundou-se a industrialização através do processo de substituição de importações nos setores de bens de consumo não duráveis (tecidos e alimentos) e, principalmente, dos bens intermediários (metalurgia e siderurgia). O estado arcou com o ônus da industrialização numa demonstração de nacionalismo econômico: foram criados a Vale Do Rio Doce, a Siderúrgica Nacional e o Conselho Nacional De Petróleo.  
  A questão social: Criou-se o salário mínimo (1940), a consolidação das leis trabalhistas (1943) e os sindicatos passaram a ser controlados pelo ministério do trabalho. Deixava-se claro a combinação entre paternalismo estatal e fascismo. O estado passava a controlar as relações entre capital e trabalho (CORPORATIVISMO).  
  A 2ª guerra mundial e a queda de Vargas: Até 1941, o Brasil manteve-se neutro na guerra com declarada simpatia pelos fascistas.
Em 1942, porém, a ajuda americana para construção da usina de Volta Redonda foi decisiva para que Vargas declarasse guerra ao EIXO. A contradição entre a política externa e a realidade interna do regime se torna patente forçando a abertura do regime. 
A abertura aconteceu em 1945: Surgiram partidos políticos como a UDN (burguesia financeira urbana ligada ao capital estrangeiro), o PSD (oligarquias agrárias), o PTB (criado por Vargas - massas operárias citadinas), o PCB (intelectualidade). 
Ao mesmo tempo, Getúlio adotava um discurso cada vez mais nacionalista e articulava o movimento QUEREMISTA, favorável a sua permanência no cargo. Em 1945, o exército derrubou o presidente evitando o continuísmo.