Liberdade II
Autor: Alexandre | Publicado: 2010-12-21T20:14:00-08:00

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De uma forma geral, a palavra "liberdade" significa a condição de um indivíduo não ser submetido ao domínio de outro e, por isso, ter pleno poder sobre si mesmo e sobre seus atos. O desejo de liberdade é um sentimento profundamente arraigado no ser humano. Situações como: a escolha da profissão, o casamento e o compromisso político ou religioso, fazem o homem enfrentar a si mesmo e exigem dele uma decisão responsável quanto a seu próprio futuro. Teorias filosóficas e políticas, de todos os tempos, tentaram definir liberdade quanto a determinações de tipo biológico, psicológico, econômico, social etc. As concepções sobre essas determinações, nas diversas culturas e épocas históricas, tornam difícil definir com precisão a idéia de liberdade de uma forma generalizada. Do ponto de vista legal, o indivíduo é livre quando a sociedade não lhe impõe nenhum limite injusto, desnecessário ou absurdo. Uma sociedade livre dá condições para que seus membros desfrutem, igualmente, da mesma liberdade. Em 1948, a Assembléia Geral das Nações Unidas adotou a Declaração Universal dos Direitos Humanos, que engloba os direitos e liberdade que a Organização das Nações Unidas (ONU) considera que devam ser os objetivos de todas as nações. O consenso universal reconhece a responsabilidade do indivíduo sobre suas ações em circunstâncias normais, e em razão disso o premia por seus méritos e o castiga por seus erros. Foram as próprias dificuldades teóricas inerentes ao conceito de liberdade que levaram as ciências humanas e sociais a preferirem o termo plural e concreto "liberdades" ao ideal absoluto de "liberdade".&nbsp;Assim, deixando de lado a discussão especificamente filosófica e psicológica, considera-se, cada vez mais, a liberdade como soma das diversas liberdades específicas. Fala-se correntemente em liberdades públicas, políticas, sindicais, econômicas, de opinião, de pensamento, de religião etc. Embora tal procedimento não resolva o problema teórico da natureza da liberdade, pelo menos possibilita avançar na reflexão e nos esforços para ampliar, cada vez mais, o exercício de uma escolha do primordial na vida dos homens e das sociedades.
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Fonte: www.colegiosagrado.com.br/lereaprender/?cat=25