8ª série - EMEF RAPOSO TAVARES
Autor: elzinha_jorge | Publicado: 2012-05-27T16:56:00-07:00

&nbsp;Hi, there,

Eis as explicações e exercícios que conversamos na aula de sexta-feira.
Há exercícios também.
Hugs
Teacher Elza

Conditional sentences

The conditional sentences are sometimes confusing for learners of
English. 

Watch out: 

1) Which type of the conditional sentences is used? 

2) Where is the if-clause (e.g. at the beginning or at the end of the
conditional sentence)? 

There are three types of the if-clauses.

 

  
type

  
condition

 

  
I

  
condition
  possible to fulfill

 

  
II

  
condition in theory possible to fulfill

 

  
III

  
condition not possible to fulfill (too late)

 


Form

 

  
type

  
if clause

  
main clause

 

  
I

  
Simple
  Present&nbsp;

  
will-future (or Modal + infinitive)

 

  
II

  
Simple
  Past&nbsp;

  
would +
  infinitive *

 

  
III

  
Past
  Perfect

  
would +
  have + past participle *

 


Examples (if-clause at the
beginning)

 

  
type

  
if clause

  
main clause

 

  
I

  
If I study,
  

  
I will pass the exam.

 

  
II

  
If I studied,

  
I would pass the exam.

 

  
III

  
If I had
  studied, 

  
I would have passed the exam.

 


Examples (if-clause at the
end)

 

  
type

  
main clause

  
if-clause

 

  
I

  
I will pass the exam

  
if I study.

 

  
II

  
I would pass the exam

  
if I studied.

 

  
III

  
I would have passed the exam

  
if I had
  studied.

 


Examples (affirmative and
negative sentences)

 

  
type

  


  
Examples

 

  


  


  
long forms

  
short/contracted forms

 

  
I

  
+

  
If I study, I will pass the exam.

  
If I study, I'll pass the exam.

 

  
-

  
If I study, I will not fail the exam.
  If I do not study, I will fail the exam.

  
If I study, I won't fail the exam.
  If I don't study, I'll fail the exam.

 

  
II

  
+

  
If I studied, I would pass the exam.

  
If I studied, I'd pass the exam.

 

  
-

  
If I studied, I would not fail the exam.
  If I did not study, I would fail the exam.

  
If I studied, I wouldn't fail the exam.
  If I didn't study, I'd fail the exam.

 

  
III

  
+

  
If I had studied, I would have passed the exam.

  
If I'd studied, I'd have passed the exam.

 

  
-

  
If I had studied, I would not have failed the exam.
  If I had not studied, I would have failed the exam.

  
If I'd studied, I wouldn't have failed the exam.
  If I hadn't studied, I'd have failed the exam.

 


* We can substitute could or might for would (should, may or must are
sometimes possible, too).

 

  
I would pass the exam. 

 

  
I could pass the exam.

 

  
I might pass the exam.

 

  
I may pass the exam.

 

  
I should pass the exam.

 

  
I must pass the exam.

 


Thanks to Kai.



Tipo 1

Use

It is possible to fulfil a condition which is given in the if-clause.

Form

 

  
if clause

  
main clause

 

  
Simple
  Present

  
will-future 
  or
  infinitive 
  or
  Modal + infinitive

 


Examples

 

  
If I study,

  
I will pass the exams.

 

  
If you see John tonight,

  
tell him to e-mail me.

 

  
If Ben gets up early,

  
he can catch the bus.

 


The if-clause can be at the beginning or at the end of the sentence.

 

  
If I study,

  
I will pass the exams.

 

  
I will pass the exams

  
if I study.

 










Tipo 2

Use

It is theoretically possible to fulfil a condition which is given in the
if-clause.

Form

 

  
if clause

  
main clause

 

  
Simple
  Past

  
would + infinitive 
  or
  could + infinitive 
  or
  might + infinitive

 


Examples

 

  
If I studied,

  
I would pass the exams.

 

  
If I studied,

  
I could pass the exams.

 

  
If I studied,

  
I might pass the exams.

 


The if-clause can be at the beginning or at the end of the sentence.

 

  
If I studied,

  
I would pass the exams.

 

  
I would pass the exams

  
if I studied.

 


Tipo 3

It is impossible to fulfil a condition which is given in the if-clause.

Form

 

  
if clause

  
main clause

 

  
Past
  Perfect

  
would + have + past participle 
  or
  could + have + past participle 
  or
  might + have + past participle

 


Examples

 

  
If I had
  studied,

  
I would have passed the exams.

 

  
If I had
  studied,

  
I could have passed the exams.

 

  
If I had
  studied,

  
I might have passed the exams.

 


The if-clause can be at the beginning or at the end of the sentence.

 

  
If I had
  studied,

  
I would have passed the exams.

 

  
I would have passed the exams

  
if I had
  studied.

 






Exercises

A - Coloque os verbos entre parênteses
nos espaços. Forme a Conditional sentence - type I. Somente use will will-future
nas frases principais. Siga o exemplo:


Example: If I __ (to go) to the cinema, I ________ (to
watch) an interesting film.

Answer: If I go to the cinema, I will watch an
interesting film.

 

  
1) If I (to study), I (to pass) the exams.

 

  
2) If the sun (to shine), we (to walk) to the town.

 

  
3) If he (to have) a temperature, he (to see) the doctor.

 

  
4) If my friends (to come), I (to be) very happy.

 

  
5) If she (to earn) a lot of money, she (to fly) to New York.

 

  
6) If we (to travel) to London, we (to visit) the museums.

 

  
7) If you (to wear) sandals in the
  mountains, you (to slip) on the rocks.

 

  
8) If Rita (to forget) her homework, the
  teacher (to give) her a low mark.

 

  
9) If they (to go) to the disco, they (to listen) to loud music.

 

  
10) If you (to wait) a minute, I (to ask) my parents.

 




B – Coloque os verbos entre parentheses
nas frases abaixo. Forme &nbsp;a Conditional
sentence - type II.Siga o exemplo.

Example: If I __ (to go) to the cinema, I ________ (to
watch) an interesting film.

Answer: If I went to the cinema, I would watch an
interesting film.

 

  
1) If I (to come) home earlier, I (to prepare) dinner.

 

  
2) If we (to live) in Rome, Francesco (to visit) us.

 

  
3) If Tim and Tom (to be) older, they (to play) in our hockey team.

 

  
4) If he (to be) my friend, I (to invite) him to my birthday
  party.

 

  
5) If Susan (to study) harder, she (to be) better at school.

 

  
6) If they (to have) enough money, they (to buy) a new car.

 

  
7) If you (to do) a paper round, you (to earn) a little extra money.

 

  
8) If Michael (to get) more pocket money, he (to ask) Doris out for dinner.

 

  
9) If we (to hurry), we (to catch) the bus.

 

  
10) If it (to rain), Nina (to take) an umbrella with her.

 




C – Coloque os
verbos entre parênteses nas frases. Forme &nbsp;&nbsp;a Conditional
sentence - type III. Siga o exemplo:

Example: If I _______ (to go) to the cinema, I ________ (to
watch) an interesting film.

Answer: If I had gone to the cinema, I would have watched
an interesting film.

 

  
1) If the weather (to be) nice, they (to play) football.

 

  
2) If we (to go) to a good restaurant, we
  (to have) a better dinner.

 

  
3) If John (to learn) more words, he (to write) a good report.

 

  
4) If the boys (to take) the bus to school, they (to arrive) on time.

 

  
5) If the teacher (to explain) the homework, I (to do) it.

 

  
6) If they (to wait) for another 10 minutes,
  they (to see) the pop star.

 

  
7) If the police (to come) earlier, they (to arrest) the burglar.

 

  
8) If you (to buy) fresh green vegetable,
  your salad (to taste) better.

 

  
9) If Alex (to ask) me, I (to email) the documents.

 

  
10) If he (to speak) more slowy, Peggy (to understand) him.