Autor: Somos Todos Iguais e Especiais | Publicado: 2011-11-06T03:55:00-08:00

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Deficiência FísicaKátia Soane Santos Araújo Deficiência física é o comprometimento das funções motoras ocasionando uma disfunção física, todavia na tentativa de ampliar este entendimento destaca-se o Decreto 3.298/99 com as alterações realiza no ano de 2004:Deficiência física&nbsp;-&nbsp;alteração completa ou parcial de um ou mais segmentos do corpo humano, acarretando o comprometimento da função física, apresentando-se sob a forma de paraplegia, paraparesia, monoplegia, monoparesia, tetraplegia, tetraparesia, triplegia, triparesia, hemiplegia, hemiparesia, ostomia, amputação ou ausência de membro, paralisia cerebral, nanismo, membros com deformidade congênita ou adquirida, exceto as deformidades estéticas e as que não produzam dificuldades para o desempenho de funções; (BRASIL, 2004) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Os comprometimentos ocasionados pelas alterações acarretam nos sujeitos deficientes a interação diferenciada com o meio, como forma de compreender este processo faz-se necessário entendimento das formas apresentadas:·&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Paraplegia - Perda total das funções motoras dos membros inferiores.·&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Paraparesia - Perda parcial das funções motoras dos membros inferiores.;·&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Monoplegia - Perda total das funções motoras de um só membro (inferior ou posterior);·&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Monoparesia -&nbsp; Perda parcial das funções motoras de um só membro (inferior ou posterior);·&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Tetraplegia - Perda total das funções motoras dos membros inferiores e superiores;·&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Tetraparesia - Perda parcial das funções motoras dos membros inferiores e superiores;·&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Triplegia - Perda total das funções motoras em três membros.·&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Triparesia - Perda parcial das funções motoras em três membros.·&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Hemiplegia - Perda total das funções motoras de um hemisfériodo corpo (direito ou esquerdo);·&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Hemiparesia- Perda parcial das funções motoras de um hemisfério do corpo (direito ou esquerdo);·&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Amputação - Perda total ou parcial de um determinado membro ou segmento de membro.·&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Paralisia Cerebral - Lesão de uma ou mais áreas do sistema nervoso central, tendo como consequência alterações psicomotoras, podendo ou não causar deficiência mental.·&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Ostomia - Intervenção cirúrgica que cria um ostoma (abertura, ostio) na parede abdominal para adaptação de bolsa de coleta; processo cirúrgico que visa à construção de um caminho alternativo e novo na eliminação de fezes e urina para o exterior do corpo humano (colostomia: ostoma intestinal; urostomia: desvio urinário). &nbsp;(DEFICIÊNCIA ONLINE, 2010) As barreiras que impedem e/ou dificultam a inclusão das pessoas com deficiência física na sociedade são as barreiras arquitetônicas. O Brasil, apesar de ter leis que regulamentam a acessibilidade, ainda não há efetivação delas, resultando no aprisionamento do indivíduo em sua própria deficiência. Muitos são os exemplos que dificultam a autonomia das pessoas com deficiência física com o meio: Entre elas a ausência do rebaixamento do meio-fio; as obras no espaço público; as mesas e cadeiras de bar em calçadas; as jardineiras com saliências; as escadarias; a falta de corrimão nas escadas; a ausência de rampas; as ruas e calçadas estreitas; os declives acentuados; os pisos esburacados e/ou escorregadios; os desníveis nas calçadas; a vegetação em lugares inadequados; as placas e letreiros em locais inconvenientes; a falta de placas de advertência, de sinalização de pisos, de botoeiras nos semáforos; a altura inadequada de maçaneta, interfones e telefones; a falta de estacionamento privativo e sinalizado; a ausência de banheiros públicos e de transportes coletivos apropriados para deficientes físicos (JUNIOR-LOPES; FARO, 2006, p. 45).Eliminar as barreiras arquitetônicas é assumir um comportamento inclusivo baseados em mudanças atitudinais em defesa das pessoas com deficiência.