DISARTRIA
Autor: Augusto | Publicado: 2013-08-05T20:32:00-03:00



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Disartria
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Neste grupo, incluem-se as perturbações que resultam de uma lesão ao nível de
qualquer das partes que intervêm na elaboração e na emissão dos sons, de cuja
articulação resulta a palavra falada. As principais alterações deste grupo são
as seguintes: Consiste na dificuldade de articular as palavras, normalmente resultante de
paresia, paralisia ou ataxia dos músculos que intervêm nesta articulação. A
perturbação é mais acentuada quando se trata de pronunciar as consoantes
labiais e linguais, as quais são omitidas ao dizer as palavras, ou a pessoa
titubeia ao prenunciá-las. A alteração torna-se mais evidente quando se
utilizam as frase de prova, como por exemplo, pedindo ao paciente que pronuncie
“sou caricaturista, vou caricaturar-me no caricaturista”, ou “artilheiro de
artilharia”, “ministro plenipotenciário”.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
As Disartrias Paralíticas da linguagem, que se manifestam pela insuficiência de
articulação e pelo anasalamento, enfraquecimento e desdiferenciação da voz,
resultando numa palavra quase inaudível. Essas Disartrias resultam tanto de uma
lesão periférica dos nervos cranianos quanto de uma perturbação bilateral do
controle exercido pelo fascículo geniculado. Nas síndromes pseudobulbares de
origem vascular, a lesão piramidal bilateral é a causa. Na esclerose lateral
amiotrófica a alteração é, às vezes, bulbar e pseudobulbar e na miastenia
também se desenvolve uma Disartria do tipo paralítico, marcada por um
desenvolvimento progressivo à medida que se prolonga o esforço fonador.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; A Disartria Cerebelar da linguagem, que está descrita sob o
qualificativo de voz escondida. O elemento mais característico é a
irregularidade da amplitude de emissão, de uma palavra a outra ou de um fonema
a outro, dando à palavra um caráter explosivo. As atrofias cerebelares e os
tumores do cerebelo são as possíveis etiologias. Na esclerose em placas, a
Disartria cerebelar esta freqüentemente modificada por um elemento paralítico.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; As Disartrias Extrapiramidais da linguagem se revestem de diversos aspectos. A
do tipo parkinsoniana se caracteriza pela aceleração da maneira de falar
(taquifemia) com uma palavra fraca e frequentemente mal articulada. A ela se
reúnem os fenômenos de bloqueio no início e, algumas vezes, as repetições
prolongadas de uma palavra ou de uma sílaba (palilalia). Na atetose dupla, a
palavra está gravemente perturbada pela ativação sincinética dos músculos
bucofaríngeos e faciais, sendo hesitante, mal articulada e repleta de explosões
imprevisíveis.