Pirâmide de Maslow / Maslow's hierarchy of needs
Autor: Nan | Publicado: 2013-01-20T16:10:00-08:00

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Pirâmide de Maslow

Teoria motivacional que sugere cinco níveis independentes de
necessidades humanas básicas (motivadores) que devem ser satisfeitas em uma
sequência rígida, começando com o nível mais baixo. Necessidades fisiológicas
de sobreviver (ficar vivo e reproduzir-se) e segurança (sentir-se seguro) são
as necessidades mais básicas e mais prementes. São seguidas pelas necessidades
sociais (de amor e de pertencimento) e necessidades de autoestima (sentir-se
valorizado, respeitado, e ter status). As necessidades finais e mais altas são
necessidades de realização pessoal (autorrealização e êxito pessoal). Seu tema
subjacente é que os seres humanos são seres “que querem”: conforme satisfazem
uma necessidade, a necessidade seguinte emerge sozinha e exige ser satisfeita,
e assim vai até a necessidade de realização pessoal que, por natureza, não pode
ser completamente satisfeita e assim não gera mais necessidades. Essa teoria
estabelece que uma vez que uma necessidade esteja satisfeita, deixa de ser um
motivador para os seres humanos. Em gestão de pessoas, é usada para o
desenvolvimento de esquemas de incentivo. Em marketing, é usada para
desenvolver campanhas promocionais com base nas necessidades percebidas de um
segmento de mercado que um produto satisfaz. Batizada com o nome de seu
criador, o psicólogo americano Abraham Harold Maslow (1908-70) que a propôs em 1954.


&nbsp;

Maslow's hierarchy of needs

Motivation
theory which suggests five interdependent levels of basic human needs
(motivators) that must be satisfied in a strict sequence starting with the
lowest level. Physiological needs for survival (to stay alive
and reproduce) and security (to feel safe) are
the most fundamental
and most pressing needs. They are followed by social needs (for love and
belonging) and self-esteem needs (to feel worthy, respected, and have status).
The final and highest level needs are self-actualization
needs (self-fulfillment and achievement). Its underlying theme is that human
beings are 'wanting' beings: as they satisfy one need the
next emerges on its own and demands satisfaction ... and so on until the need for
self-actualization that, by its very nature, cannot be fully satisfied and thus
does not generate more needs. This theory states
that once a need is satisfied, it stops being a motivator of human beings. In personnel
management, it is used in design of incentive
schemes. In marketing, it is used in design of promotional
campaigns based on the perceived needs of a market segment
a product
satisfies. Named after its originator, the US psychologist Abraham Harold Maslow
(1908-70) who proposed it in 1954.