Nietzsche - intrigante, demasiado intrigante (parte 1)
Autor: Os Pensées | Publicado: 2012-09-24T00:20:00-03:00





por Victor Breno



1) Dados biográficos&nbsp;



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Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche nasceu no dia 15 de
outubro de 1884 em Röcken, na Saxônia, província do poderoso império da
Prússia. Sua família descendia de uma longa linhagem de comerciantes, todavia,
seu avô e seu pai dedicaram-se ao ofício religioso como pastores luteranos. Assim,
como filho de família protestante, desde pequeno estava envolvo num ambiente
religioso. 

Com apenas cinco anos de idade, Nietzsche perde o
pai, morto por um derrame cerebral, fato que recorrentemente mencionará em suas
notas autobiográficas. Isso faz
com que sua mãe se mude para Naumburg,
pequena cidade às margens do Saale, onde Nietzsche cresceu, em companhia da
mãe, duas tias e da avó.

Com catorze anos,
ganha uma bolsa de estudos e é admitido na famosa escola interna de Pforta,
considerada a melhor escola pública inglesa da época, passando lá cerca de seis
anos. Nesta época, por influencia de algumas leituras e professores, começa a
afastar-se do Cristianismo. Em 1864, aos dezenove anos foi estudar teologia e
filosofia na Universidade de Bonn, todavia, um pouco mais a frente, deu
continuidade apenas aos estudos em filosofia clássica. Tornou-se admirador da
música de Richard Wagner e da literatura de Arthur Schopenhauer. 

Ritschl, importante
professor, recomenda Nietzsche como professor de Filofogia clássica na
Universidade de Basiléia em 1869. Seu primeiro livro a ser escrito foi O nascimento da tragédia, publicado em
1872. Assim deu início a uma vasta obra literária que dentre outras podem ser
citadas: Humano, demasiadamente humano
(1878), Aurora: pensamentos morais (1881), A
gaia ciência (1882), Assim falava
Zaratustra (1883), Além do bem e do
mal (1885), Genealogia da moral
(1888) e O Anticristo (1888).

Segundo Zilles, a
evolução do pensamento de Nietzsche pode ser distinguida em três etapas. A primeira, com as obras Origem da tragédia (1871) e Considerações extemporâneas (1873-76),
seus trabalhos estético-filosóficos. Segunda
etapa marcada por sua expressão pessoal e vai se aproximando do positivismo e
dos iluministas franceses, com os livros: Humano
demasiadamente humano (1878) e Gaia
ciência (1882). E terceiro, com
ênfase no tema da morte de Deus, além-do-homem, vontade do poder e eterno
retorno, nas obras: Genealogia da moral
(1887) Assim falava Zaratustra
(1883-85), entre outras[1].

Devido a sua antiga
e contínua debilidade na área da saúde, Nietzsche é forçado a deixar seu posto
de professor em 1876 e partir daí viver continuamente viajando na Europa em
busca de cura. Em 1889 Nietzsche é internado até a sua morte por estado de
loucura. Morre em 25 de agosto de 1900. 

Teve impacto com
seus escritos não somente em vida, mais principalmente depois de sua morte.
Atingiu e influenciou um grande número de pessoas, gerações e movimentos com
suas idéias. Por outro lado, pesaram sobre ele duras críticas, tão ferrenhas
quando aquelas proferidas por ele pela religião.



Pequena Bibliografia:

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NIETZSCHE, Friedrich W. &nbsp;Assim Falava Zaratustra. São Paulo: Hemus, 1977.

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__________O Anticristo: Ensaio de uma
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__________Ecco Homo: Como Se Chega a Ser
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PENZO,
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ZILLES,
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[1] ZILLES, Urbano. Filosofia da religião, p.165.