BBC: Porta do inferno': a gigantesca cratera que continua crescendo e revela como a Terra era há 200 mil anos
Autor: Uanderson Aquino | Publicado: 2017-03-02T11:19:00-08:00



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Um buraco de 1
quilômetro de extensão e 85 metros de profundidade não para de crescer em uma
remota região da Rússia e é chamado de "porta para o inferno" por
pessoas que vivem na região, que preferem evitá-lo.



Mas cientistas
asseguram que se trata de uma cratera única, um registro detalhado de 200 mil
anos de história da Terra.

Batagaika, a gigantesca
cratera, emerge de forma dramática na floresta boreal da Sibéria à medida que o
permafrost - tipo de solo que está sempre congelado - derrete como efeito do
aquecimento global.



A cratera tem crescido
na média de 10 metros por ano. Mas em anos mais quentes, esse aumento chegou a
30 metros, conforme indicou estudo do Instituto Alfred Wegener em Potsdam, na
Alemanha. A instituição vem monitorando o buraco há uma década. 



A cratera representa
uma rara oportunidade de observar, ao mesmo tempo, o passado, o presente e o
futuro. 



As camadas de sedimento
expostas revelam como era o clima na região há 200 mil anos. Resquícios de
árvores, pólen e animais indicam que, no passado, a área foi uma densa
floresta. 

Esse registro geológico
pode ajudar a compreender como será, no futuro, a adaptação da região ao
aquecimento global. E, ao mesmo tempo, o crescimento acelerado da cratera é um
indicador imediato do impacto cada vez maior das mudanças climáticas no degelo
do permafrost.



A cratera apareceu na
década de 60, de acordo com Julian Murton, professor da Universidade de Sussex,
na Inglaterra. 



O rápido desmatamento
na região deixou o terreno sem a proteção das sombras das árvores nos meses de
verão. Assim, os raios de sol aqueceram o solo e aceleraram o processo de
degelo, uma vez que era a vegetação que mantinha o solo resfriado. 



Isso é importante
porque a história climática de grande parte da Sibéria ainda pode ser
considerada um mistério. Ao reconstruir alterações ambientais do passado,
cientistas esperam conseguir prever mudanças similares no futuro. 



Há 125 mil anos, por
exemplo, houve um período interglacial, com temperaturas vários graus acima das
registradas atualmente.



"Entender como era
o ecossistema pode nos ajudar a entender como a região se adaptará ao atual
aquecimento do clima", afirma o professor Julian Murton



Fonte: BBC

http://www.bbc.com/portuguese/brasil-39139050