O tal do Capital de Giro
Autor: Paulo R Fernandes | Publicado: 2011-02-21T15:12:00-03:00

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Abrir um negócio, mesmo nas franquias de baixo custo, exige mais do que o investimento inicial. É necessária uma reserva denominada capital de giro.
A falta de capital de giro é a causa da morte precoce de muitos sonhos de empreendedores. 
Ao se planejar um empreendimento, ao se fazer um plano de negócios, é preciso calcular, com a maior exatidão possível, o ponto de equilíbrio. O ponto onde a despesa empata com a receita e não é mais necessário colocar dinheiro para tocar o dia a dia da empresa.
Muitos empreendimentos morrem antes de atingir o ponto de equilíbrio. Um dos mais importantes motivos é justamente a falta de capital de giro. Às vezes, falta muito pouco, chega-se muito perto, mas por falta de planejamento e/ou recursos morre-se na praia.
Quanto é necessário de capital de giro para não morrer na praia? Bem, obviamente depende do tipo de negócio e há várias opiniões de especialistas, mas para simplificar, vamos considerar a área de serviços e a área de produtos (bens físicos).
Na área de serviços recomenda-se que se separe uma reserva equivalente a 3 vezes o valor dos custos fixos (aluguel, água, luz, telefone, salários, etc.) a título de capital de giro.
Na área de produtos (bens físicos) à conta de 3 vezes os custos fixos, acrescenta-se o valor da reposição mensal do estoque.
Alguns especialistas recomendam uma reserva de 25% do capital inicial investido.
Escolha a sua fórmula, mas não deixe de considerar esse valor ao elaborar o seu plano de negócios e, principalmente, tenha-o disponível ao iniciar suas operações.Por Paulo R. Fernandes