Passeio Público e Cinelândia
Autor: Fernanda Pacheco | Publicado: 2010-11-11T13:24:00-08:00

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&nbsp; Passeio Público
Onde hoje encontramos o Passeio Público, até o final no século XVIII, encontrava-se uma lagoa chamada Lagoa do Boqueirão. Como toda lagoa naquela época, esta era destinada ao despejo de dejetos. Não havia ainda saneamento e as condições higiênicas das cidades eram muito precárias.Dessa forma, as regiões onde eram feitos esses despejos, tornavam-se praticamente inabitáveis, pois exalavam um odor terrível.Em meados do século XVIII, uma epidemia assolou a região e suas causas foram conferidas à Lagoa e suas péssimas condições de higiene. Este acontecimento levou ao vice-rei, D. Luís de Vasconcelos, a resolução de aterrar a Lagoa do Boqueirão.Somavam-se isso, as tendências européias e ideias iluministas a respeito da saúde pública.No lugar da Lagoa seria criado então o Passeio Público, que seria o primeiro jardim público do país.&nbsp;






A criação de um jardim em meio a uma cidade sem nenhuma presença de verde – o que era comum na época – e a mudança que ele traria para a vida das pessoas que viviam lá foi o que fez desse evento uma grande novidade. "Não havia a cultura européia dos grandes jardins, que eram uma afirmação de poder da nobreza e da burguesia. É algo fora da nossa cultura" Cláudio Taulois, “A Esfinge Carioca”, Mais Passeio – Ano 2 – Nº 21 – Dezembro de 2003Mestre Valentim, o mais importante escultor do Rio na época, foi o responsável pela criação da planta e de todas as peças de arte que embelezava o jardim.Foi criado no Passeio um cais para que as ondas não invadissem o jardim, que era o limite da cidade.O jardim, em seu primeiro projeto, seguia os padrões dos jardins franceses – planos e com ruas retas, articuladas geometricamente.
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 <![endif]-->Traçado de Valentim na planta do Rio e Janeiro, de Francisco Betancourt (1791)
“O modelo escolhido foi um dos mais representativos do ideal de civilidade instituído nas modernas cidades européias da época: um monumental jardim público, como sinônimo de bom gosto, luxo e entretenimento – uma expressão da natureza dominada pela razão do homem -, ao qual se opunha um imponente chafariz para a utilização popular” Ana Maria Monteiro de Carvalho. Mestre Valentim. SP: Cosac &amp; Naïf, 1999, p. 15.
Nos jardins europeus, a tendência das linhas retas que caracterizavam seu estilo eram apontar o palácio. No Passeio Público do Rio de Janeiro, porém, esse eixo ligava o conjunto escultórico da Fonte dos Amores ao Chafariz das Marrecas, no fim do Passeio, onde, logo atrás, encontrava-se uma linda vista para o mar.
Planta trapezoidal do passeio e eixo com a Rua das Marrecas, por Cláudio Taulois.
É possível entender a criação do Passeio Público como o primeiro ato em prol na saúde pública no país, ainda no período Imperial.Foram plantadas ali diversas espécies vegetais.
“A Flora do Brasil era pouco conhecida e os vice-reis a todo transe introduzir aqui as espécies asiáticas”, disse o arquiteto José Mariano Filho, a respeito das espécies plantadas no Passeio. (O Passeio Público do Rio de Janeiro. RJ: C. Mendes Júnior, 1943)





&nbsp; Cinelândia




Em tempos coloniais, o local onde hoje se encontra a Praça Floriano Peixoto - popularmente conhecida como Cinelândia - tinha como elemento principal o Convento da Ajuda, que foi construído em meados do século XVIII. No início do século XX, porém, começou-se a achar que a então Capital do país, o Rio de Janeiro, deveria ser “redesenhado” de modo a refletir a imagem de um país moderno. Essa reformulação da cidade foi o primeiro marco urbanístico da República no país.Foi criada, como principal elemento dessa reforma, a Avenida Central, atualmente Avenida Rio Branco. A criação de uma avenida com tais dimensões foi um marco importante em um país, até pouco tempo, colonial. Junto a essa, seguiram-se outras transformações. O Convento da Ajuda foi demolido e a área a sua frente foi transformada em uma praça pública moderna. Essa praça recebeu construções, principalmente, direcionadas a diversões (teatros, cinemas, boates, etc.) e foi devido a esse fato que ficou conhecido popularmente como Cinelândia.Atualmente, apesar de ainda ser conhecida como Cinelândia, poucas são as casas destinadas a esses lazeres na Praça Floriano Peixoto.Alguns prédios que residem na Cinelândia atualmente são o Teatro Municipal, a Biblioteca Nacional, o Centro Cultural da Justiça Federal e o Museu Nacional de Belas Artes.Destacados esses prédios, é possível entender a Cinelândia ainda como um lugar em que se respira Arte.








&nbsp; Referências Bibliográficas
Centro, Avenida Rio Branco. Disponível em: &lt;http://www.marcillio.com/rio/encerbci.html&gt;. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Acesso em: 25/10/2010.Cinelândia, Cultura, Centro. Disponível em: &lt;http://www.centrodacidade.com.br/acontece/vs_cine.htm&gt;. Acesso em: 25/10/2010.Passeio Público, Construção. Disponível em: &lt;http://www.passeiopublico.com/htm/construcao.asp&gt;. Acesso em: 25/10/2010.