TERCEIRO ANO - CRISE DE 29
Autor: Cleanderson | Publicado: 2017-04-11T08:25:00-03:00

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A Crise de 1929 e a Grande Depressão









EUA:
     a maior potência mundial após a I Guerra, e os maiores credores também. A
     Europa estava arrasada e em dificuldades de produzir. Sua indústria e
     agricultura estavam em alta.
“Loucos
     anos 20”: músicas e cinema renovados. Período de emancipação social das
     mulheres.
Bolsa
     de Valores: preço de ações baseados na Lei da Oferta e da Procura. O lucro
     aumentava o valor.
Lei
     Seca: proibição do álcool entre 1919 e 1933, gerando contrabando e
     tráfico. Foi um período de corrupção e violência.
O
     crédito fácil gerava superprodução, mesmo sem ter para quem vender.
     Especuladores arriscavam na Bolsa de Valores, para obter lucro fácil.
Quebra
     (crack) da Bolsa de Nova York, em 1929, com o preço das ações em queda
     livre. A falência de empresas foi em série (85 mil empresas, dentre elas,
     10 mil bancos). Em 1934,
      a economia estadunidense produzia metade do quem em
     1929, arrastando a economia mundial para o buraco. Milhões de desempregados
     repentinamente.
A
     crise revelava o fracasso do modelo econômico de não-intervenção do Estado
     na economia. O vale-tudo do mercado financeiro revelou que o setor privado
     não sabe se auto-regular.
Franklin
     Roosevelt é eleito presidente em 1932, e passa a seguir as idéia de John
     Keynes: O Estado deveria salvar o capitalismo da crise, intervindo e
     investindo na economia.
New
     Deal (Novo Acordo): plano de investimentos que consistia em criar um
     programa de obras públicas, aumentando empregos e estimulando a economia,
     e criando leis para proteger trabalhadores em tempo de desemprego.
A
     solução foi lenta: só durante a II Guerra Mundial (1939-1945) salvou de
     vez a economia dos EUA. A Europa, novamente em guerra, precisava importar
     artigos de necessidade dos EUA.
A
     crise capitalista não atingiu a URSS, que era praticamente autônoma, além
     de não depender do capital privado, e das crises a que ele está submetido.