BAKHTIN PROPÕE DIFERENCIAR OS GÊNEROS
Autor: Eliana Santana | Publicado: 2012-07-05T17:36:00-07:00


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&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;



&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; Proposto por Aristóteles a distinção entre deliberativo, o
judiciário e o expositivo que na tomada dos três, procura a persuasão, a defesa
ou acusação de, o e elogio ou censura através da retorica. Assim, a distinção
de gêneros remonta a historia dos estudos da linguagem. 

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; A diferença que se faz importante destacar, é o estudo da
questão dos gêneros textuais ou de discurso que alavancou consideravelmente no
Brasil a partir de 1997 com a implantação dos Parâmetros Curriculares
Nacionais, nos quais incorporam a noção de gênero tanto como recurso pedagógico
como objeto de ensino em si mesmo. 

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Desta época sai da abordagem gramatical para o foco no texto
e fundamentalmente prioriza o funcionamento enunciativo dos gêneros. Assim o
alunado deve ser levado a perceber que um mesmo texto pode significar
diferentemente conforme suas condições de produção e circulação tomando como
base o social de quem produz e o faz circular. 

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Descrever os diversos gêneros do discurso consiste, portanto
em descrever o processo que configurariam os textos nos quais eles se
materializam. A diversidade dos gêneros do discurso é infinita são inesgotáveis
As possibilidades humana de criar e recriar os gêneros textuais e dentro deles
a priorização de um tipo textual. 

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Cabe salientar a extrema heterogeneidade dos gêneros do
discurso (orais e escritos) (BAKHTIN 2003, [1952 – 53 / 1979, P 262]. 

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; BAKHTIN propõe diferenciar os gêneros primários dos
secundários. Os primários (simples) e secundários (complexos), romances,
dramas, pesquisas científicas, gêneros publicitários surgem nas condições de um
convívio cultural mais complexo e desenvolvido. O gênero primário, simples se
forma nas condições da comunicação discursiva imediata. 

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Assim, o aluno deve ser levado a escrever, refletir e
oralizar para os diversos meios de comunicação, utilizando os tipos textuais
pertinentes a cada gênero. 

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; A sala de aula
precisa ser uma oficina de comunicação, fazer dos textos a mola mestra da
linguagem oral e escrita e sempre que possível extrapor essas estratégias
oportunizando trabalhos em grupos ou solo com seminários, exposições, criação
de jornais que possibilitam o emprego dos diversos gêneros discursivos e a
diversidades de tipos textuais.