A relação entre as mulheres e a filosofia
Autor: Marcela Ribeiro | Publicado: 2010-12-18T22:19:00-04:00

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 <![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]>   <![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]>       <![endif]-->  Onde estão as mulheres na filosofia?
  Tenho pouquíssimo tempo como acadêmica na área de filosofia, mas gosto e leio sobre o assunto há muito tempo e constato que existem muitos filósofos “homens”, onde estavam as mulheres???
Esta é uma questão muito mais de um ponto de vista histórico que filosófico. Para entendermos onde esteve o pensamento das mulheres, precisamos entender por onde elas andaram enquanto os homens “pensavam”.&nbsp;
Ah!!! Antes que perguntem por que resolvi falar sobre este tema a resposta é:De 14 comentários ao todo que tenho no meu blog, 13 são de homens e apenas 1 de uma mulher!
Um pouco de história, bem resumida, só para nos situarmos para a discussão:
Na Antiguidade
Na Grécia Antiga as mulheres não eram consideradas cidadãs, pois não eram considerados indivíduos que possuíssem estatuto político. O modo de vida das mulheres variava muito&nbsp; em função do meio social em que estavam inseridas.
As mulheres de famílias mais abastadas habitavam no gineceu, onde eram acompanhadas pelas escravas, cujo o trabalho vigiavam. Estas só saiam de casa para assistir às grandes festas religiosas.
Já as mulheres que pertenciam a uma classe social mais baixa poderiam se sentir privilegiadas, já que gozavam de alguma liberdade, na medida em que as famílias mais pobres não podiam suportar o regime de honra. Assim sendo, as mulheres tinham que trabalhar, muitas tinham profissões como: enfermeiras, parteiras, lavadeiras, tecelãs e pequenas comerciantes…
O casamento era uma forma de aliança entre as famílias, com o objectivo de preservar as mesmas, em que a mulher era considerada um bem de troca.&nbsp;
O casamento fazia com que a mulher passasse da tutela do pai para a do marido.
As mulheres Gregas deveriam cuidar do lar, bem como da educação dos filhos, devendo fidelidade ao seu marido.  
   
  
   
     

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 <![endif]-->  Diga-se de passagem: isso não mudou por muitooooooooooooooo tempo!!!
  As meninas Gregas não recebiam qualquer educação formal, ou seja, não frequentavam a escola. Estas aprendiam os ofícios domésticos e os trabalhos manuais com as mães.&nbsp;
Havia uma exceção: As mulheres Espartanas&nbsp;
Em Esparta era proporcionado às mulheres uma maior autonomia. Isso acontecia devido a uma orientação política diferente. Uma localidade voltada para a criação de exércitos. As crianças e mulheres eram preparadas com treinos militares para colaborar em caso de conflitos ocorridos na cidade.
As mulheres espartanas podiam participar nas atividades políticas e detinham maior liberdade para participar nas atividades da vida&nbsp; cotidiana da pólis.
Mas como dito anteriormente era uma exceção e Esparta era uma pequena ILHA!&nbsp;
Em Roma:
Os romanos distinguiam dois tipos de mulher :
As mulheres de “comportamentos honrosos”, as romanas livres, mães de família ou destinadas a sê-lo.&nbsp;
Depois existiam as restantes , que desempenhavam diferentes papéis na sociedade, como as Gladiadoras, as Sacerdotisas, as Prostitutas, entre outras.&nbsp;
 Na sociedade Romana as mulheres tinham um estatuto de maior dignidade do que na Grécia. Quando casada a mulher tinha como deveres: tomar conta dos escravos, fazer as refeições para o marido (manus), bem como tratar da educação dos seus filhos. (sem comentários!)
As mulheres que habitavam no Império Romano tinham alguns direitos, como o acesso ao teatro e aos tribunais.
O casamento – justum matrimonium – promulgado pela lei e pela religião, era nos tempos mais antigos uma cerimónia solene, e resultava da transferência da mulher do controlo do pai.
As meninas &nbsp;como os rapazes romanos quando completavam 7 anos frequentavam o litterator, uma espécie de professor primário. Em seguida, aqueles que tinham mais posses transitavam para o ensino secundário, já que este era muito caro. As mulheres não frequentavam o ensino superior porque este tinha como função preparar os homens para exercerem os altos cargos políticos e administrativos, embora tenha havido em Roma, mulheres muito cultas.
Continua...