O valor das commodities
Autor: Ricardo Aldabó Lopez | Publicado: 2015-11-10T07:49:00-08:00

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O
Brasil exportou 7 000 itens diferentes em 2014. Cinco deles, no entanto,
concentram mais de 40% do valor das vendas – açúcar, carne, soja, petróleo e
minério de ferro.







Vamos
usar o exemplo do minério de ferro para fazer algumas considerações de valor. O
minério de ferro exige gigantesca infraestrutura onde tudo é superlativo –
caminhões, trens e navios. 







O
problema é que o preço não é. Uma tonelada de ferro vale 210 reais.







Ferro,
açúcar, carne, soja e petróleo são matérias-primas, ou commodities, termo
universalmente consagrado para definir esses itens de exportação. As
commodities têm várias características positivas: são essenciais, todo mundo
precisa, todo mundo compra e não ficam tecnologicamente ultrapassadas. 







Mas
as commodities têm suas desvantagens. A maior delas é a variação de preços –
fixados em bolsas internacionais com base nos movimentos de oferta e procura e,
portanto, dissociados das vontades do produtor.







Por
isso é importante que um país fortemente exportador de commodities invista
paralelamente no desenvolvimento de produtos e serviços de consumo mundial que
agreguem valor.