Here's A List Of 83 Linux Commands For Beginners!
Autor: Gabriel Costa | Publicado: 2014-01-21T10:16:00-08:00



Here's A List Of 83 Linux Commands For Beginners!Switching to Linux was a wonderful decision, now it's time to explore its power - the command line!So
 you have just switched to Linux and trying to figure out what was the 
fuss about the command prompt as the most powerful tool. Well here's a 
list of Linux commands for a beginner to help you get a glimpse of what 
the command prompt can do for you. 
Viewing, copying, moving and deleting files

 

   ls
   Display the contents of the current directory
  

   ls -a
   Display also hidden files and hidden directories
  

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   cp filename /path/dir_name
   Copy filename into directory /path/dir_name
  

   cp -r dir_name /path/dir_name2
   Copy the entire dir_name into /path/dir_name2
  

   cp filename1 filename2 /path/dir_name
   Copy filename1 and filename2 into /path/dir_name
  

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   rm name
   Remove a file or directory called name
  

   rm -r name
   Remove an entire directory as well as its included files and subdirectories
  

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   mv filename /path/dir_name
   Move filename into /path/dir_name
  

   mv filename1 filename2
   Rename filename1 to filename2
  

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   cat filename
   Display filenames contents
  

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   more filename
   Display filename in pages. Use spacebar to view next page
  

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   head filename
   Display filenames first 10 lines
  

   head -15 filename
   Display filenames first 15 lines
  

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   tail filename
   Display filenames last 10 lines
  

   tail -15 filename
   Display filenames last 15 lines
  

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   pwd
   Display current directory
  

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   cd /path/dir_name
   Change to directory /path/dir_name
  

   cd ..
   Go 1 directory up
  

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   mkdir dir_name
   Create directory dir_name
  

   rmdir dir_name
   Delete directory dir_name
  



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Finding files and text within files

 

   updatedb
   Update (create first time used) a database of all files under the root directory /
  

   locate filename
   Find file filename searching in the database
  

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   find / -name filename
   Starting from the root directory search for the file called filename
  

   find / -name *filename
   Same as above but search for file containing the string filename
  

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   grep string /path/dir_name
   Starting from /path/dir_name search for all files containing string
  

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   which application_name
   Search $path for application app_name
  

   whereis application_name
   Search $path, man pages and source files for application_name
  



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Archived files

Decompress



 

   tar -xzf filename.tgz
   Decompress tzg file
  

   tar -xzf filename.tar.gz
   Decompress tar.gz file
  

   tar -xjf filename.tar.bz2
   Decompress tar.bz2 file
  



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Compress

 

   tar -czf filename.tar /path/dir_name
   Compress directory /path/dir_name to filename.tar
  

   gzip -c filename &gt; filename.gz
   Compress /path/dir_name to filename.tar.gz
  

   bzip2 -c filename &gt; filename.bz2
   Compress /path/dir_name to filename.tar.bz2
  



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Using rpm files&nbsp;  
 

   rpm -hiv package.rpm
   Install rpm called package.rpm
  

   rpm -hiv --force package.rpm
   Install rpm called package.rpm by force
  

   rpm -hUv package.rpm
   Upgrade rpm called package.rpm
  

   rpm -e package.rpm
   Delete rpm called package.rpm
  

   rpm -qpil package.rpm
   List files in not-installed rpm called package.rpm
  

   rpm -ql package.rpm
   List files in installed rpm called package.rpm
  

   rpm -q str
   List installed rpms containing the string str
  

   rpm -qf /path/application_name
   Display the rpm that contains application application_name
  



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Starting and Stoping&nbsp;
 
 

   startx
   Start the X system
  

   shutdown -h now
   Shutdown the system now and do not reboot
  

   
   
   halt
   
   Same as above
  

   shutdown -r now
   Reboot
  

   reboot
   Same as above
  

   shutdown -r +10
   Reboot in 10 minutes
  



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Mounting filesystems 
 

   mount -t vfat /dev/sd(a)(1) /mnt/c_drive
   Mount the first partition 1 of the first hard disk drive a which is in fat32 vfat dormat under /mnt/c_drive directory
  

   mount -t iso9660 /dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom
   Mount cdrom under /mnt/cdrom directory
  

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   umount /mnt/hda1
   Unmout the above
  



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User administration 

 

   users
   Display users currently logged in
   
  

   adduser username
   Create a new user called username
  

   passwd username
   Define password for user called username
  

   who
   List logged-in users
  

   whoami
   Display current user
  

   finger username
   Displays info about user username
  

   su
   Log in as root from current login
  

   su -
   Log in as root from current login and take root's path
  

   exit
   Exit from console login (ie, logout).
  



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Processes&nbsp;  
 

   command
   Execute command in the foreground
  

   command &amp;
   Execute command in the background
  

   ctrl+z
   Suspend a program
  

   ctrl+c
   Interrupt a program
  

   ps
   List all processes
  

   kill -9 pid
   Kill process with id pid
  

   top
   Monitor processes in real time
  



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Networking&nbsp; 
 

   hostname
   List the system's hostname
  

   ifconfig
   Set/Display network information
  

   host ip
   Resolves ip's hostname
  

   ping ip/hostname
   Check if ip/hostname is reachable
  

   traceroute ip/hostname
   Find network path to ip/hostname
  



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System Information 
 

   uname -a
   General system information
  

   fdisk -l
   List partition tables
  

   cp filename /path/dir_name
   Copy filename into directory /path/dir_name
  

   df -T -h
   List filesystem disk space usage
  

   lspci
   List PCI devices
  

   lsusb
   List USB devices
  

   free -m
   Display RAM+Swap usage
  



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Program Compile 

 
  

   gcc -o output file.c
   Compile a C program
  

   ./output
   Run a C program you have compiled
  

   g++ -o output file.cpp
   Compile a C++ program
  

   ./output
   Run a C++ program you have compiled
  

   ./configure &amp;&amp; make &amp;&amp; su -c 'make install'
   Configure, compile and install a program with Makefile
List Courtesy: my-guides





                     
                                              
                                                                                                
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