No som da Sanfona
Autor: Enigmas | Publicado: 2011-10-12T13:47:00-07:00

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Surge na china a 3000 anos antes de Cristo um instrumento musical chamado de “tcheneng” que seria precursor do acordeom, posto que este só fosse inventado em 1829 pelo austríaco Cyrillus Demian, no entanto somente em 1936 são publicados em Viena os primeiros métodos de ensino do revolucionário instrumento.Sir Charles Wheatslone, registra a patente do mesmo instrumento, chamando-o de concertina.Segundo Ernesto Veiga de Oliveira, a sanfona, com capacidade sonora enriquecidas e simplificada nas suas características funcionais e estéticas, representa a “laicização organistrum” que por volta do século XIII, foi destronado na musica de igreja pelo órgão. A partir desse momento a sanfona cai no gosto popular e passa a ser utilizada por pobres e nobrezas em suas festas e cantares.A sanfona chegou ao Brasil junto com os imigrantes alemães e italianos e foi popularizada na década de 50. Fixando a principio nos estados de São Paulo, Santa Catarina e Rio Grande do Sul. Sendo utilizada nas festas como representação cultural das comunidades emigrantes, embalando os ritmos de valsa, a polca e o fado.Ao ser conhecida nas demais regiões brasileiras a sanfona foi ganhando características pessoais das regiões e também várias denominações como sanfona, no Nordeste; gaita, gaita de fole e realejo no Sul.O responsável por popularizar a sanfona no Brasil foi o inesquecível Luiz Gonzaga, considerado o Rei do Baião. Que além de popularizar o instrumento, difundiu a denominação de sanfona, sendo que ainda hoje os sons deixados por esse grande mestre embalam e inspiram o povo brasileiro.É possível afirmar que “a sanfona ainda não desafinou” e que continua firmando seu espaço na cultura popular brasileira. Exemplo disso é o Sr Lourival dos Santos popularmente conhecido como Sr Nenga, que aos 96 anos tem a sanfona como uma diversão.&nbsp; Sr Lourival filho do Sr Pacifico dos Santos, nasceu em Boa Nova e deu inicio a sua amizade com a sanfona ainda aos 10 anos de idade, tendo aprendido a tocar com seus irmãos mais velhos. Veio morar em Valentim com mais ou menos 18 anos de idade e teve a olaria como fonte de renda, trabalhou também no Sul da Bahia nas colheitas de cacau. *“Fim de tarde quando terminava o trabalho eu juntava com meus amigos para tocar serenatas... era nossa diversão.” Sr Nenga além de um excelente sanfoneiro ainda pedala sua bicicleta, mostrando que a idade não é uma barreira para praticar o que gosta de fazer. Lucimary Torres *Trecho da entrevista feita com o Sr Lourival dos Santos