Gêneros Hollywoodianos
Autor: Cineclube entre saberes | Publicado: 2011-08-19T17:28:00-03:00

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Poster de "O grande roubo do trem"
Western 
É o gênero do cinema norte americano onde aparecem Caubóis e velho Oeste, exercendo grande influência nem outros países como o Japão e o Brasil. Ele surgiu nos Estados Unidos inspirado na ocupação de terras do país, e trazia em si valores cristãos. Um exemplo eram filmes onde índios raptavam a mocinha branca pura, casta e o herói branco tinha que salva-lá. A paisagem é desértica e vemos sempre a natureza “lutando” contra a cultura, por exemplo.&nbsp;
O primeiro filme considerando Western, “O grande roubo do trem”, foi produzido em 1903. Daí para frente, vários outros filmes desse gênero foram se aperfeiçoando. David W. Griffith e Thomas H. Ince foram os produtores que mais colaboraram ate 1912, quando o gênero perdeu bilheteria e foram substituídas por filmes da Guerra Civil. Em 1920 John Ford foi o produtor que mais lançou filmes. Na década de 1930 a sonorização chegou, as mocinhas se tornaram menos pura e mais sexy e o triângulo amoroso virou um clichê. No final de 1940, após a 2 Guerra Mundial, os filmes são feitos com menos valores, com uma comunidade que não gosta do herói, e este não é tão bonzinho. A partir de 1960 o Western não consegue mais acompanhar a modernização e revolução das ideias americanas, mas ate 1992 alguns filmes ainda eram feitos. 

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Cena de Stranger on the Third Floor, (1940)


Para alguns especialistas, o gênero “Film Noir” nunca existiu, porém há vários elementos que mostram ao contrario. Foram os Franceses que fizeram os primeiros filmes do gênero, da década de 40, privados de filmes americanos por causa da guerra, tiveram que fazer os próprios. O gênero tem como características o enredo policial,&nbsp; ter como personagem principal o homem, narrando a história, e ser filmado em preto e branco. Os céticos dizem que o Nor é uma junção de vários gêneros, mas nem todos os filmes que são assim classificados possuem  essas características. Alguns filmes norte americano, por exemplo, exibiram filmes com essas características, mas não são considerados do gênero. 
Bibliografia
 Mascarello, F.  História do Cinema Mundial, Campinas, SP, Papirus Editora, 2006