Recurso protocolizado, mas não assinado, é ato jurídico processual inexistente?
Autor: Pedro Henrique Pedrosa Nogueira | Publicado: 2013-11-04T00:58:00-02:00



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Essa é uma das grandes questões, com especial
reflexo na prática forense, envolvendo a teoria dos fatos jurídicos
processuais. 



Se o recurso apócrifo é ato jurídico defeituoso,
o vício pode ser sanado (CPC, art. 13), podendo o juiz assinalar prazo para
regularização, intimando o autor da petição para assiná-la. Há vários
precedentes que admitem essa possibilidade. 



Caso se entenda que o recurso não assinado é um
ato processual inexistente, não há sanação de vício, pois vício não há. Ou
seja, se o ato não foi praticado no prazo assinalado, ocorreu a preclusão, não
havendo, assim, possibilidade de correção do problema. 



Recentemente, o STJ (ARESP 219.496-RS) entendeu
que o recurso especial sem assinatura seria ato inexistente. A conseqüência,
por óbvio, foi o não conhecimento do recurso. 



Parece-nos acertado o entendimento. Não se está a
discutir se art. 13 do CPC, que permite a regularização de defeitos, é
aplicável ou não aos recursos especiais. Aqui a questão é outra. Se não houve
ato processual e transcorreu o prazo para sua prática, nada mais pode ser feito.
São diferentes os planos da existência e o da validade[1].&nbsp;



Recurso apócrifo é um "não-ato", não
ingressa no plano da existência. Para discutir a possibilidade de sanação do
defeito do ato processual seria necessário que antes ele exista juridicamente.










[1]
Sobre o assunto, conferir nosso: DIDIER JR., Fredie; NOGUEIRA, Pedro Henrique
Pedrosa. Teoria dos Fatos Jurídicos
Processuais. 2 ed. Salvador: Juspodivm, 2013, p. 22 e segs. 


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