Existe processo válido sem citação? 
Autor: Fernando Said Filho | Publicado: 2013-05-19T18:14:00-07:00








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<!--StartFragment-->





Matéria bastante controvertida na doutrina processual civil
diz respeito aos chamados “pressupostos processuais”, sobretudo no que diz
respeito à classificação (de existência e de validade do processo), tendo em
vista que cada autor utiliza de critérios próprios para elencar o rol destes
pressupostos. A questão torna-se ainda mais complexa quando se trata da citação
e sua importância para o processo.

&nbsp;

Pois bem, nos termos do art. 214 do CPC, “para a validade do processo, é
indispensável a citação do réu”, uma vez que se trata de ato através do
qual o réu é chamado ao processo a fim de que possa se defender, em obediência
aos princípios constitucionais da ampla defesa e do contraditório (art 5o,
LV da CF). Nesse sentido, pode(ria) concluir que não existe processo válido
quando não efetuada a citação (?). A resposta há de ser negativa.

&nbsp;

De fato, a citação válida, ainda que seja considerada por
parte da doutrina pressuposto de validade do
processo&nbsp;(Daniel Amorim Assumpção Neves)&nbsp;ou mesmo pressuposto de existência (Misael Montenegro Filho), não é
correto afirmar que não exista processo válido sem citação. Na realidade, o
Código de Processo Civil enumera, pelo menos, dois casos de julgamento do
processo (com e sem resolução de mérito) em que não há realização da citação.

&nbsp;

Trata-se do indeferimento da Inicial (art. 295), que
acarreta a extinção do processo sem resolução de mérito (art. 267, I) e no caso
do chamado “julgamento liminar de improcedência das ações repetitivas” (Luiz
Guilherme Marinoni), previsto no art. 285-A do CPC, que acarreta a extinção do
processo com resolução de mérito, pois se trata de sentença de improcedência prima facie (Fredie Didier Jr.).

&nbsp;

Seja em qualquer das hipóteses, o que se observa
é a existência de uma sentença, ato pelo qual o juiz encerra a relação
processual (ou pelo menos o seu ofício, facultado às partes o direito de
recorrer), ou seja, só se extingue o que existe, neste caso o processo. Dessa
forma, é necessário se fazer uma interpretação cautelosa acerca da citação como
requisito indispensável para a existência ou validade do processo, pois “o
processo pode existir validamente sem citação” (Freitas Câmara).