Sistema Nervoso Central
Autor: Fran | Publicado: 2011-10-26T12:18:00-07:00

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Em anatomia, chama-se
sistema nervoso centra, ou neuroeixo, ao conjunto do encéfalo e da medula
espinhal dos vertebrados. Forma, junto com o sistema nervoso periférico, o
sistema nervoso, e tem um papel fundamental no controle dos sistemas do corpo.
Desenvolvimento embrionário
Divisões do Encéfalo
O sistema nervoso central tem origem embrionária na placa neural, que por sua
vez é uma parte especializada da ectoderme. Durante o desenvolvimento
embrionário, a placa neural se dobra e forma o tubo neural. Cada região desse
tubo dá origem a diferentes partes do sistema nervoso central. Os primeiros
dois terços do tubo, até o quarto par de somitos, formarão posteriormente o
encéfalo, enquanto o ultimo terço irá formar a medula espinal. A cavidade
interna desse tubo dá origem ao sistema ventricular encefálico e ao canal
central da medula espinhal.
Deste modo, o tubo neural diferencia-se numa parte mais caudal ou inferior, que
dará origem à medula espinhal, e numa parte mais cranial ou superior. Esta
parte mais superior sofre contorções e alargamentos, formando um vesícula
primitiva. É a partir desta vesícula primitiva que se diferenciam as três
vesículas cerebrais:
Prosencéfalo - anteriormente; dá origem ao Telencéfalo (que, por sua vez, está
na origem dos hemisférios cerebrais) e ao Diencéfalo (que dá origem ao tálamo e
ao hipotálamo). 
Mesencéfalo - medianamente; origina os pedúnculos cerebrais e a lâmina
quadrigémea. 
Rombencéfalo - posteriormente; origina o Metencéfalo (que, por sua vez, origina
a Protuberância e o Cerebelo) e o Mielencéfalo (que origina o Bolbo
Raquidiano). 
A medula constitui-se, assim, como a parte inferio do Sistema Nervoso Central,
localizada fora da cavidade craniana.