Tom, Semitons e Intervalos Musicais
Autor: José Augusto Dias | Publicado: 2014-10-16T10:03:00-07:00




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Semitom (meio tom) é o menor intervalo entre duas
notas.



Um tom (inteiro) é igual a dois semitons.



Escala Natural (Dó Maior):

Dó – Ré – Mi – Fá – Sol – Lá - Si

Semitom natural é formado por notas naturais. 



Só existem dois semitons naturais:

Mi-Fá&nbsp;&nbsp;
e&nbsp;&nbsp; Si-Dó



As outras notas naturais têm, entre si, intervalo de um
tom inteiro: 

Dó-Ré,&nbsp;&nbsp;
Ré-Mi,&nbsp;&nbsp; Fá-Sol,&nbsp;&nbsp; Sol-Lá,&nbsp;&nbsp;
Lá-Si

Semitom diatônico é formado por notas de nomes diferentes.
Ex: Mi-&gt;Fá (além de semitom natural é também diatônico) 




Acidentes (alterações nas notas naturais):

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; - Sustenido
(#): eleva a nota em um semitom.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; - Bemol
(b): abaixa a nota em um semitom.





Intervalos Musicais:



Um intervalo mede a distância entre duas notas. 

Precisamos saber como identificar intervalos de
forma a poder identificar acordes e escalas.



O intervalo é melódico, quando forem dois
sons sucessivos. 

O intervalo é harmônico, quando forem dois
sons simultâneos.



O Intervalo melódico
também pode ser classificado como:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; - Ascendente (a primeira nota é mais grave que a
segunda)

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; - Descendente (a primeira nota é mais aguda que a
segunda)



Intervalo conjunto é
formado por notas consecutivas (Ex: Dó-Ré).



Intervalo disjunto é
formado por notas não consecutivas (Ex: Mi-Sol)






O intervalo é simples,
quando não ultrapassa uma oitava, e é composto quando ultrapassa uma
oitava.



O intervalo é invertido
quando se troca a posição das notas.

Ex:&nbsp;&nbsp; Dó –&gt; Fá&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; e&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
Fá –&gt; Dó



Na inversão dos
intervalos, os maiores se transformam em menores, os menores em maiores, os
aumentados em diminutos, os diminutos em aumentados, e os justos permanecem
justos.