ESCLEROSE MÚLTIPLA
Autor: Thayara Paolla | Publicado: 2015-05-27T11:11:00-07:00



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&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Esclerose&nbsp;múltipla
é uma doença inflamatória crônica, provavelmente autoimune. Por motivos
genéticos ou ambientais, na esclerose múltipla, o sistema imunológico começa a
agredir a bainha de mielina, que recobre os neurônios e isso compromete&nbsp;a
função do sistema nervoso. A característica mais importante da
esclerose&nbsp;múltipla é a imprevisibilidade dos surtos. Em&nbsp;geral, a
doença acomete pessoas jovens, entre 20 e 30 anos, e provoca&nbsp;dificuldades
motoras e sensitivas.



&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; As causas da doença ainda não são
bem definidas. Sabe-se, porém, que a evolução difere de&nbsp;uma pessoa para
outra e que é mais comum nas mulheres e nos indivíduos de pele&nbsp;branca que
vivem em zonas temperadas. A&nbsp;fase inicial da esclerose múltipla é bastante
sutil. Os sintomas são transitórios, podem ocorrer a qualquer momento e duram
aproximadamente uma&nbsp;semana. Tais&nbsp;características fazem com que o
paciente não dê importância às primeiras manifestações da doença que vão
e&nbsp;voltam independentemente do tratamento. A&nbsp;pessoa pode passar dois
ou três anos apresentando pequenos sintomas sensitivos,&nbsp;pequenas turvações
da visão ou pequenas alterações no controle da urina sem dar&nbsp;importância a
esses sinais, porque, depois de alguns dias eles desaparecem. Com&nbsp;a
evolução do quadro, aparecem sintomas sensitivos, motores e cerebelares de maior
magnitude representados por fraqueza, entorpecimento ou formigamento
nas&nbsp;pernas ou de um lado do corpo, diplopia (visão dupla) ou perda
visual&nbsp;prolongada, desequilíbrio, tremor e descontrole dos esfíncteres.



&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; O&nbsp;diagnóstico é basicamente
clínico e complementado por exames de imagem. A observação, o diagnóstico
precoce e o tratamento médico apropriado evitam complicações, como por exemplo
as infecções de alguns órgãos. Mesmo assim, a esperança de vida dos pacientes é
aumentada apenas moderadamente.



&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; A idade em que os sintomas tiveram
início é o principal fator de prognóstico: quanto mais jovem o acometido, mais
provável e precoce será a deterioração. Outro fator será o subtipo de EM. Uma
minoria poderá não ter um curso progressivo, outra minoria terá um
desenvolvimento severo e rápido dos sintomas. 



&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Algumas dicas ajudam a melhorar a
qualidade de vida do portador de esclerose múltipla como a prática de exercícios
físicos e acompanhamento fisioterapêutico. O tratamento deve ser feito de
acordo com a evolução clínica de cada paciente.