HISTÓRIA DA TEOLOGIA CRISTÃ - Parte 51
Autor: Osvaldino Monteiro | Publicado: 2014-11-15T20:44:00-04:00


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O Legado dos Capadócios



As ideias básicas dos pais capadócios ajudaram
a vencer várias heresias antitrinitárias e acabaram por levantar muitas
questões, provocando várias controvérsias. Muitos críticos entenderam como
ambíguas todas as explicações a respeito da Trindade.



A principal crítica, inclusive dos teólogos da
atualidade, é que os pais capadócios se prenderam demais às especulações sobre
a Trindade imanente (o relacionamento na eternidade), ao passo que o Novo
Testamento se restringe à Trindade econômica (as três pessoas ativas na
história da salvação).



É interessante destacar que o Concílio de
Constantinopla coroou os esforços de Atanásio e dos pais capadócios de uma vez
por todas ao condenar todos os tipos de subordinacionismo e sabelianismo
(modalismo) e ao reescrever o Concílio de Nicéia a fim de incluir um “terceiro
artigo” a respeito do Espírito Santo e da igreja.



O Credo de Nicéia tornou-se a declaração
universal de fé e foi reafirmado pelo quarto concílio ecumênico em Calcedônia,
em 451. Outros credos e profissões de fé foram escritos posteriormente, nas
tradições ortodoxas, católicas e protestantes. Todos, porém, constituem
elaborações e interpretações do Credo de Nicéia.



“Eis que vos dou poder para pisar serpentes e
escorpiões, e toda a força do inimigo, e nada vos fará dano algum. Mas, não vos
alegreis porque se vos sujeitem os espíritos; alegrai-vos antes por estarem os
vossos nomes escritos nos céus. Naquela mesma hora se alegrou Jesus no Espírito
Santo, e disse: Graças te dou, ó Pai, Senhor do céu e da terra, que escondeste
estas coisas aos sábios e inteligentes, e as revelaste às criancinhas; assim é,
ó Pai, porque assim te aprouve. Tudo por meu Pai me foi entregue; e ninguém
conhece quem é o Filho senão o Pai, nem quem é o Pai senão o Filho, e aquele a
quem o Filho o quiser revelar” (Lc 10:19-22).



Que o Senhor nos abençoe e nos
guarde.

Monteiro