Quimioluminescência: A Química ajudando a solucionar crimes.
Autor: Josafary Campelo, Gabriella Albuquerque | Publicado: 2012-09-14T11:05:00-07:00

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No seriado americano C.S.I, frequentemente vemos os protagonistas borrifando uma solução incolor em um local onde provavelmente ocorreu um crime. Ao borrifar esta solução, algumas vezes, tem-se imediatamente a liberação de uma luz azul intensa. Por que isso acontece?A solução utilizada é uma mistura de luminol (C8H7N3O2) e água oxigenada (H2O2). O Luminol é uma substância quimioluminescente que na presença de um agente oxidante, libera uma cor azul intensa. Como agente oxidante é usado o peróxido de hidrogênio (água oxigenada). Ao reagir, o Luminol perde átomos de nitrogênio e hidrogênio e adquire átomos de oxigênio, formando o composto denominado 3-aminoftalato. Durante o processo os elétrons do átomo de oxigênio são excitados para orbitais mais externos e ao retornarem para orbitais menos energéticos, liberam energia em forma de luz, que devido ao comprimento de onda é azul. A liberação de luz devida uma reação química é chamada Quimiluminescência.

Reação de oxidação do Luminol

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No entanto, a oxidação o Luminol pelo peróxido de hidrogênio se dá de maneira lenta, a presença de um catalisador, no caso o Ferro presente na hemoglobina acelera a oxidação do luminol e fazendo com que a luz brilhe de forma suficiente para se detectar a presença de sangue. Mesmo após o local ter sido limpo é possível saber se naquele local tinha sangue, pois não existe superfície completamente lisa, e os íons ferro reagirão com o luminol. Não adianta, não existe crime perfeito para a Química!
Por: Maria Gabriella Albuquerque