Abelha nativa brasileira é capaz de compensar o declínio de outros polinizadores
Autor: gpap zoo | Publicado: 2016-08-12T04:52:00-07:00

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Em quase toda a América do Sul é possível encontrar uma
espécie de abelha sem ferrão nativa do Brasil, de cor negra reluzente e
bastante agressiva, conhecida popularmente como irapuá ou arapuá (Trigona
spinipes).





&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; google.img



Um estudo realizado no Instituto de Biociências da
Universidade de São Paulo (IB-USP), em colaboração com a University of Texas,
nos Estados Unidos, constatou que a onipresença da irapuá na região
sul-americana pode estar relacionada à capacidade de as abelhas reprodutoras
dessa espécie se dispersarem por longas distâncias e colonizar habitats
degradados.



De acordo com o pesquisador, as irapuás são polinizadoras
oportunistas e generalistas – se alimentam e polinizam flores de diversas
espécies de plantas nativas e culturas, como cenoura, girassol, laranja, manga,
morango, abóbora, pimentão e café –, são dominantes na maioria das redes de
interação entre abelhas e plantas e equivalentes às abelhas africanizadas no
Brasil



A fim de avaliar se a perda e a fragmentação de áreas de
floresta influenciam a dispersão e a dinâmica da população dessa espécie de
abelha, os pesquisadores coletaram exemplares do inseto em fazendas de café
associadas a fragmentos de Mata Atlântica e em áreas urbanas da cidade de Poços
de Caldas, no sul de Minas Gerais.




&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; google.img





Os resultados das análises estatísticas do estudo indicaram
que as irapuás são capazes de se dispersar por longas distâncias, uma vez que
não foi encontrada diferenciação genética entre as abelhas coletadas em uma
faixa de 200 quilômetros – abelhas encontradas em São Paulo e Poços de Caldas
pertenciam a uma mesma população.



“Essa espécie de abelha consegue manter um alto fluxo gênico
em diferentes tipos de ambientes. Por isso, pode ser considerada um polinizador
de resgate, ao compensar o declínio de outros polinizadores nativos mais
sensíveis ao desmatamento”, avaliou Jaffé.

Um estudo recentemente publicado por outro grupo de
pesquisadores brasileiros no início de setembro, na revista PloS One,
integrante de outro Projeto Temático, apoiado pela FAPESP, comparou redes de
interação entre abelhas e plantas em todo o Brasil.



Os resultados da pesquisa indicaram que as irapuás se dão
melhor em ambientes degradados do que preservados.







Veja em detalhes:&nbsp;abelha.org.br