Principais Viroses Humanas
Autor: Três Irmãs | Publicado: 2011-06-23T16:53:00-07:00

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Partícula viral



Os vírus são formados por um agregado de moléculas protéicas unidas, formando uma estrutura denominada partícula viral ou vírion. Uma partícula viral é constituída por diversos componentes estruturais:
1. Ácido nucléico (genoma):&nbsp;molécula portadora dos genes que codificam as proteínas do vírus (genoma viral).

2. Capsídio:&nbsp;envoltório protéico (codificado pelos genes do vírus) e que envolve o genoma dos vírus. Atua como elemento protetor e específico.

3. Nucleocapsídeo:&nbsp;estrutura formada pelo capsídio associado ao ácido nucléico que ele engloba e protege.

4. Capsômeros:&nbsp;subunidades protéicas (monômeros) que unidas constituem o capsídio do vírus.

5. Envelope:&nbsp;membrana rica em lipídios que envolve a partícula viral externamente. O envelope em geral é a própria membrana lipídica da célula hospedeira com algumas proteínas específicas do vírus.

Uma partícula viral completa é denominada&nbsp;vírion. Os vírions podem possuir ou não um envelope (derivado da membrana plasmática das células hospedeiras) que envolve a partícula viral externamente.
O envelope protege o genoma viral contido nele e também possibilita ao vírus identificar as células que ele pode parasitar e, em certos vírus, facilita a sua penetração células hospedeiras.