Autor: Oberdan Henrique Fiorese | Publicado: 2016-06-02T19:22:00-07:00




ISLAMISMO

O
Islamismo é uma religião monoteísta, que acredita em um só Deus (Allah), como o
Cristianismo e Judaísmo, no qual Allah (tradução mais próxima é um vocativo: “ó
Deus”) se revelou por meio de profetas e Mensageiros, que foram enviados antes
do grande Profeta Muhammad. Muhammad nasceu em Mekkah, 6 de Abril de 570 e
morreu em Medina, 8 de Junho de 632, seu nome significa “louvável”. Segundo a tradição, Muhammad recebeu a
última revelação, o Alcorão (livro sagrado que significa “o recitado”), por
intermédio do anjo Gabriel (anjo vem do grego angelo significa
“o mensageiro” e Gabriel em hebraico גַּבְרִיאֵל significa “poder de Deus”). 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 

 
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
 






O
QUE SIGNIFICA ISLAM?

O
Islam é uma palavra árabe e implica submissão, entrega e obediência voluntária,
nesse caso submissão a Deus. Também a palavra pode significar Paz.&nbsp; 





SUA
FONTE E A GENEOLOGIA: 

Como
falamos anteriormente, o Islamismo é uma religião Monoteísta e essa provém da genealogia
abraânica. No livro bíblico de Gênesis 16, encontramos o primeiro filho de &nbsp;Abraão, Ismael. Sara, esposa de Abraão, pediu
para Abraão ter relação com sua escrava, Agar. Apesar de nascer de Agar, de
acordo com a lei mesopotâmica, Ismael era creditado como filho de Sara
tornando-se um herdeiro legal através do casamento (Gênesis 16:2-3). 

Porém
DEUS havia falado com Abrãao que seria Isaque e não Ismael que seria o filho da
promessa, isso fica claro em Gênesis 17,19: “E Deus lhe respondeu: Sara, tua
mulher, te parirá um filho, que tu chamarás Isaac, e eu confirmarei minha
aliança com ele, e com sua descendência depois dele, para que esta aliança seja
eterna.”

Com
o nascimento de Isaac, surgem conflitos entre ele e Ismael e Sara, impelida
pelas provocações, exige que Abrãao mande embora Agar e Ismael. O conflito se
torna claro em Gênesis 21,9-10 “Sara porém, como visse o filho de Agar egiptana
brincando com seu filho Isaac, disse para Abraão: Expulsa esta escrava com seu
tilho: porque o filho da escrava não será herdeiro com meu filho Isaac.”3 (Não
se tratava duma inocente brincadeira de criança por parte de Ismael. Antes,
conforme subentendido pelo versículo seguinte do relato, poderia estar
envolvida uma zombaria para com Isaque a respeito da condição de herdeiro. 

Preocupado
com isso, Abrãao consulta a DEUS que lhe garante a segurança do menino e da mãe
e que dele também fará uma nação. “E pareceu esta palavra muito má aos olhos de
Abraão, por causa de seu filho. Porém Deus disse a Abraão: Não te pareça mal
aos teus olhos acerca do moço e acerca da tua serva; em tudo o que Sara te diz,
ouve a sua voz; porque em Isaque será chamada a tua descendência. Mas também do
filho desta serva farei uma nação, porquanto é tua descendência”&nbsp; (Gn 21, 11-13)

Após
isso Abraão enviou Agar e Ismael para o vale árido de Becá, ao sul. Ismael deu
origem a nação árabe, e Isaac origem a nação judaica.










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Concluímos
que há uma grande semelhança entre as palavras de Ismael e Islamismo. E que a
dinastia de Ismael pertence a cultura árabe. &nbsp;&nbsp;



Segundo
o alcorão: Não se pode haver diferença por isso Muhammad quer uma comunidade
religiosa (umma) 


 




Na
escolha de quem daria continuidade à liderança do profeta Muhammad, morto em 632.
Muhammad havia revolucionado a península Arábica com o livro sagrado que
recitara (o Corão), superando as relações tribais pela ideia de uma comunidade
religiosa, chamada “umma” em árabe. Mas, quando morreu, Muhammad não deixou um
herdeiro. Parte dos muçulmanos preferiu que o líder da comunidade fosse
escolhido entre seus seguidores (esses são os chamados sunitas).

Como
religião, o islã não compreende apenas a esfera espiritual, mas todos os
aspectos da vida humana e social. A interpretação da lei, o direito, sempre
ocupou lugar relevante na história do islã. Na maioria dos países islâmicos, os
que têm conhecimentos jurídicos costumam atuar como lidere religiosos. Não
existe um sacerdócio organizado. 

Uma
descrição geral do islã se divide em três tópicos principais: 

<!--[if !supportLists]-->·&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
<!--[endif]-->Credo (monoteísmo
e revelação)

<!--[if !supportLists]-->·&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
<!--[endif]-->Deveres
religiosos (os cinco pilares)

<!--[if !supportLists]-->·&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
<!--[endif]-->Relações
interpessoais (ética e política)

CREDO



CINCO PILARES



RELAÇÕES INTERPESSOAIS





SUAS PRINCIPAIS DIVISÕES:


 
 
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  <!--[endif]-->

 


   

    <!--[endif]-->
    


Segundo um jovem Iraquiano: “xiitas rezam com os braços para baixo, sunitas rezam com
    os braços cruzados”.

Os xiitas são
    aqueles que preferiram um líder que tivesse laços de sangue com Maomé
    (especificamente Ali, seu primo e genro). Os sunitas venceram a disputa e elegeram Abu Bakr, primeiro califa
    do islã.

Sunita vem da
    “sunna”, que é o nome dado às práticas e aos ensinamentos de Muhammad.
    Xiita vem de “shiat Ali”, ou&nbsp;“partidários de Ali”.

<!--[if !mso]-->
   




O IRAQUE:


 


OUTROS PAÍSES?

Há
grandes concentrações de xiitas no Líbano, no Irã, no Iraque, no Bahrain, no
norte do Iêmen e em regiões de Afeganistão e Paquistão, entre outros. Não à toa
há sólidas relações entre a milícia libanesa Hizbullah, o Iraque e o Irã, para
desgosto dos EUA, que apostam na liderança sunita da Arábia Saudita. Mas xiitas
são a minoria no islã –por volta de 10% ou 20% do total, a depender das fontes.


 


E
a Síria?

Os
xiitas estão na região oeste. Ali predomina o ramo alauita, que é uma vertente
do xiismo. Esse grupo é representado pelo atual ditador sírio, Bashar al-Assad,
que enfrenta hoje uma violenta insurgência contra o seu regime. Mas, apesar do
espectro da disputa sectária, a guerra na Síria não é exatamente “sunitas versus
xiitas”. Há, por exemplo, sunitas moderados e sunitas radicais, como o Estado
Islâmico. 

Quanta custa a Guerra entre Israel e
Palestina?

Dito
isso: o think-tank Rand Corporation publicou na segunda-feira (8) um estudo
sobre qual seria a economia trazida pela paz entre Israel e um Estado
palestino. De acordo com a pesquisa, seriam US$ 173 bilhões (R$ 540 bi) em dez
anos, US$ 123 bi deles em Israel e US$ 50 bi na Palestina.