A PARAÍBA EM RUÍNAS (A CAPELA DE SANT'ANA DO GARGAÚ)
Autor: Thomas Bruno Oliveira | Publicado: 2016-11-28T11:36:00-02:00

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Por:
Juvandi Santos, Raquel Roldan e Laura Goes
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Forte Velho



Recentemente
visitamos no litoral paraibano lugares que ainda guardam um pouco da história
recente do Estado: As ruínas do antigo Forte de São Filipe e São Thiago (também
conhecido por Forte Velho) e as ruínas da Capela de Nossa Senhora de Sant'Ana
do Gargaú.



No caso
de Forte Velho, os estudos visam a uma tese de Pós-Doutoramento em andamento
juto à Universidade de Coimbra, onde estamos a localizar os redutos militares
da Paraíba Colonial. Ainda em relação aos redutos, mais dois importantes
trabalhos estão sendo desenvolvidos: um que estuda a estratégia militar
portuguesa ao edificar esses redutos e o outro o solo arqueológico desses
redutos.



Com
relação à Capela de Santa'Ana, ainda não faz parte de nenhuma atividade de
pesquisa. Essa Capela foi encontrada pela equipe (Eu, Raquel e Laura Góes)
quando de atividades de prospecções no litoral em busca dos redutos militares e
missioneiros (outra importante pesquisa em andamento com financiamento do
CNPQ).



O que
chamou atenção da equipe em relação à Capela foi sua grandiosidade e beleza
arquitetônica e suntuosa obra de engenharia colonial. Rapidamente realizamos
algumas imagens e fizemos uma rápida prospecção de superfície, no que
identificamos uma grande quantidade de material arqueológico histórico (sem
coletar nenhum fragmento).




Capela de Nossa Senhora de Sant'Ana do Gargaú




Essa
capela em estilo Barroco apresenta um perfil (modenatura) singular, é
considerada como apresentando excelente cantaria e é a melhor capela de
engenhos coloniais da Paraíba. Sua primeira construção é atribuída a Ambrósio
Fernandes Brandão, senhor de engenho das primeiras décadas do século XVII
(1613). Um dos traços mais sublimes da Capela talvez seja o brasão na fachada
que alguns autores atribuíram à família de Duarte Gomes da Silveira, morto em
1644. Mas não existe dado que comprove tal fato. A capela atual em estilo
Barroco data de meados do século XVIII.



Querelas
a parte a quem pertence o brasão, sabe-se que essa capela foi visitada por D.
Pedro II e sua gente quando por ali passou e se hospedou no Engenho São João.



Verificamos, rapidamente,
tratar-se de um exemplar arquitetônico importantíssimo para a Paraíba, mas não
sabemos até quando essa parte viva de nossa história mais recente ainda
continuará de pé, pois as grossas paredes estão rachadas, parte do telhado veio
ao chão, o mato cresce em seu entorno e o descaso governamental em preservar o
monumento aos poucos vai apagando sua história.