O Autismo
Autor: Raquel Freire | Publicado: 2013-04-02T12:48:00-07:00


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&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; O Autismo
é um transtorno global do desenvolvimento marcado por três características
fundamentais: Inabilidade para interagir socialmente;&nbsp; Dificuldade no domínio da linguagem para
comunicar-se ou lidar com jogos simbólicos; Padrão de comportamento restritivo
e repetitivo.

Não
existe somente um tipo de autismo. O que prepondera é o grau de comprometimento
que é de intensidade variável. A maior gravidade se mostra quando o individuo
se mostra incapacidade no relacionamento interpessoal. 

Este
transtorno se mostra característico de pessoas cuja problemática familiar se
mostra ativa, condições psicológicas alteradas entre fatores genéticos e
biológicos.

Os
sintomas são apresentados em todas as camadas sociais tanto em meninos quanto
em meninas, sendo mais recorrente no sexo masculino. São apresentados nos
primeiros meses de vida. Estes sintomas são divididos em três grupos:

1) ausência
completa de qualquer contato interpessoal, incapacidade de aprender a falar,
incidência de movimentos estereotipados e repetitivos, deficiência mental; 

2) o portador é
voltado para si mesmo, não estabelece contato visual com as pessoas nem com o
ambiente; consegue falar, mas não usa a fala como ferramenta de comunicação
(chega a repetir frases inteiras fora do contexto) e tem comprometimento da
compreensão;

3) domínio da
linguagem, inteligência normal ou até superior, menor dificuldade de interação
social que permite aos portadores levar vida próxima do normal.

O
diagnóstico é realizado a partir dos critérios do CID- 10 (Classificação Internacional de Doenças da OMS).

Por
ser um distúrbio crônico o tratamento do Autismo deve ser realizado por uma
equipe multidisciplinar e individual, ouse já, para cada caso e para cada
individuo deverá um tratamento ser adequado. 

A
família que possui um membro autista deverá buscar o equilíbrio psicológico e
um eterno aprendizado em lidar com esta realidade.

Para
cada individuo há um tipo de interação, portanto descobrir as maneiras que o
autista lida melhor com aprendizados e maneiras de interação será benéfico para
a melhora do quadro e sua adequação. Nesta linha de raciocínio alguns poderão
apresentar melhores resultados em instituições que ofereçam em sua estrutura a
inclusão de alunos, outros em instituições específicas e mais especializadas no
que diz respeito a este distúrbio.

Apesar
de apresentarem algumas dificuldades na aprendizagem podem apresentar grande
empenho e mostrar características de genialidade em determinadas áreas do
conhecimento.