A crescente importância da Engenharia Ambiental
Autor: JP CONSULTORIA | Publicado: 2012-09-16T08:26:00-07:00

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Nos
últimos vintes anos e cada vez com maior intensidade, existe uma justificada
preocupação com o Meio ambiente. Os fatores ambientais modificados pelo homem
podem causar problemas, que pela grandeza são complicados de avaliar a médio e
longo prazo, prejudicando o próprio homem, a flora, a fauna, o solo, a água, o
ar, o clima, a paisagem etc.

Muitas
atividades industriais, como a mineração, afetam o ambiente gerando danos ao
homem com a ocorrência de gases, poeiras, temperatura, ruído, desprendimento de
rochas, incêndios, radiação, inundação etc.

Por
isso o papel multidisciplinar da Engenharia Ambiental em salvaguardar o Meio
Ambiente. 

“Um dos
Maiores axiomas no ambiente global é que tudo está ligado com tudo, de tal modo
que as mudanças num componente podem afetar muitos outros, tanto no espaço como
no tempo.”



 

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Uma explicação química garante o entendimento dos impactos ambientais como a desertificação: 

“Entre
a fase sólida e a líquida do solo existe uma fase coloidal onde há troca de
cátions/ânions. A fase coloidal possui geralmente carga negativa pelo que retém
os cátions na lâmina de água, e esta retenção diminui a perda dos cátions (por
exemplo Ca2+, Mg2+, K+, Na+), que podem trocar com outros íons por processos
naturais ou artificiais (rega, fertilização, etc.). Assim, uma solução de
sulfato de amônio pode produzir uma extensão de sulfato cálcico, onde o cátion
dominante NH4+ muda a Ca2+, facto que influência no pH do solo. Segundo
Sposito, 1989, a troca de Mg2+ por Ca2+ está representado por: CaCO3(s) + Mg2+ (ac)
= MgCO2(s) + Ca2+ (ac). A salinidade determina-se pela condutividade eléctrica
(solo salino &gt; 4000 µS/cm), onde µS representa microsiemens.”


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“A nível geral o impacto ambiental produzido no solo
associa-se aos seguintes aspectos: a) Destruição direta de solo; b) Poluição do
solo; c) Alteração morfológica; d) Perda de recursos minerais e rochas
industriais; e) Modificações devido à erosão e desertificação; f) Alterações
da estabilidade de taludes; g) Subsidência; h) Alteração na sedimentação; i)
Alteração na dinâmica de leitos e zonas de inundação; j) Sismicidade induzida e
vibrações; k) Alterações na qualidade e impacte visual.”&nbsp;

Do exposto, cabe a Engenharia Ambiental projetar, gerir e solucionar os problemas advindos da alterações ambientais.



Fonte: http://www.cetem.gov.br/publicacao/livros/EngenhariaAmbientalSubterranea.pdf