Matemática: Uilizando as Curvas Geradas Por Equações
Autor: JOSÉ MARIA PEREIRA DA SILVA | Publicado: 2016-07-21T12:23:00-03:00

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Curvas e equações
  estão sempre presentes em nossos estudos. É de fundamental importância que
  possamos entendê-los e utilizá-los em situações favoráveis. Hoje iremos
  estudar as curvas mais comuns em questões de de Matemática do Enem e
  vestibulares, que também são as mais frequentes. Vamos então apresentá-las e
  indicar onde devemos utilizá-las.

Começando pela
  equação mais simples: a reta. Uma reta é gerada através de uma equação
  do tipo y = ax + b onde a e b podem assumir quaisquer
  valores. As retas são de manipulação extremamente fácil, além de serem as
  mais comuns. Podemos ter retas crescentes, decrescentes, ou até mesmo
  constantes, sendo esta um caso particular em que a = 0. As retas são
  as equações mais encontradas durante os exames, sendo utilizadas para
  representar movimentos, ou mesmo algum crescimento ordenado.


Além das retas,
  temos também as parábolas. As parábolas são oriundas de equações do
  segundo grau, ou seja, provém de equações do tipo y = ax2 + bx
  + c. Uma parábola qualquer possui uma curva semelhante a curva abaixo,
  podendo apresentar variações em função dos sinais de seus coeficientes.

 



As parábolas são
  normalmente encontradas em lançamentos oblíquos, como o caso de movimentos de
  projéteis, encontrados no movimento uniformemente variado.

Também vamos
  analisar mais dois tipos de equações: as exponenciais e as logarítmicas.
  As equações exponenciais são curvas assintóticas, ou seja, equações que não
  atingem um determinado valor. No seu caso, este valor é o 0, independente dos
  coeficientes de sua equação y = aebx.

 



Podemos observar
  que a curva exponencial apresenta um crescimento pequeno em algumas regiões,
  seguidas de um abrupto aumento em um pequeno intervalo. É comum encontrarmos
  essas curvas ilustrando o crescimento de populações, como as de bactérias, ou
  para representar o decaimento radioativo de um material, que seria observado
  por uma curva que decai rapidamente.

A função
  logarítmica aparece como a inversa da função exponencial. Devemos apenas
  destacar que não são utilizados números negativos nesta função, devido
  as propriedades do logaritmo. Como se trata da função inversa a exponencial,
  esta função possui as mesmas aplicações, sendo apenas uma alternativa para a
  manipulação.

As equações merecem
  seu devido destaque visto que muitas vezes podemos perceber do que se trata o
  problema através de sua curva característica. Assim, já podemos imaginar qual
  solução se adequa mais ao tipo de curva utilizado durante o problema.

 



Posted: 19 Jul 2016 02:39 PM PDT
https://www.infoenem.com.br