Salazarismo
Autor: Marcio Cicchelli | Publicado: 2011-05-18T15:26:00-07:00

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&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; No início do século XX, Portugal sofreu uma reforma política que instituiu um governo de caráter republicano. A nova forma de organização do cenário político não foi capaz de resistir a todos os problemas sofridos no continente europeu com a Primeira Guerra e a crise de 1929. A situação calamitosa da população trabalhadora acabou instaurando um cenário politicamente instável aproveitado pelos militares, que realizaram um golpe de Estado em 1926. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Inspirado em idéias de extrema direita, o governo ditatorial impunha suas ações e realizava franca oposição os movimentos socialista e comunista do país. Esse processo de cisão política alcançou seu auge quando o general Antonio Carmona assumiu o poder do governo lusitano. Fortemente influenciado pelo ideário nazi-fascista, elaborou a constituição de um Estado forte aclamado pelas elites nacionais. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Ao ocupar o cargo de primeiro-ministro em Portugal, Carmona convocou Antônio de Oliveira Salazar para que ocupasse a pasta do Ministério da Fazenda. Durante o tempo em que ocupou a função, Salazar promoveu um conjunto de ações econômicas que favorecia diretamente a grande burguesia lusitana. O apoio concedido a esse setor acabou por conduzi-lo ao governo português em 1932. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Na condição de chefe de governo, Antonio Salazar impôs uma nova carta constitucional com traços explicitamente inspirados nos ditames do fascismo italiano. O novo documento estabeleceu a censura dos meios de comunicação, a proibição dos movimentos grevistas e a criação de um sistema político unipartidário. A partir de então, se instalava uma das mais duradouras ditaduras criadas na Europa.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Somente com a morte de Salazar, acontecida em 1970, um movimento revolucionário de caráter liberal tomou conta do cenário português. Em 1974, o movimento de transformação política atingiu seu auge com a deflagração da chamada Revolução dos Cravos. Somente após esse episódio, Portugal conseguiu dar fim a um dos mais trágicos momentos de sua história.