Extração do DNA
Autor: Biologando | Publicado: 2012-07-01T09:26:00-07:00

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Atividade:&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Extração do DNA .&nbsp; 

Para estudar o DNA é preciso isolá-lo da
célula. Não é possível improvisarmos um laboratório de genética molecular, mas
podemos pelo menos, desmistificar o DNA, isolando-o e tocando nele, com nossas
próprias mãos. É importante que vocês já tenham conhecimentos dos seguintes
conceitos:

- O DNA está no núcleo da célula;

- As membranas celulares são formadas por uma
dupla camada lipídica;

- Enzimas são catalisadores que aceleram as
reações químicas;

&nbsp;&nbsp;
Nesta atividade as células serão lisadas, liberando todo o conteúdo
celular. O DNA será separado da mistura contendo as organelas e proteínas e
poderá ser observado a olho nu. 



Material:


1 saco plástico de congelar alimentos

1 palito de madeira (para churrasco)

1 copo de vidro transparente

1&nbsp;
filtro de papel com funil ( de coar café)

1 medidor de líquidos (utilizados na cozinha)

Álcool etílico 900 gl., gelado
(colocar no congelador)

25 ml de detergente transparente (neutro)

450 ml de água 

1 colher de chá de sal

1 colher das de sopa de uma fruta (1 pedaço
de mamão ou&nbsp; 1 morango, ou goiaba, ou
Kiwi, ou banana, ou abacate, tomate, laranja,batata,ou outros)



Procedimento: 

1. Misture em um recipiente, a água, o sal e
o detergente. Essa será a solução de extração.&nbsp;
(solução de lise)

2. Coloque a “fruta” no fundo do saco plástico
e amasse-a durante 2 minutos com as mãos. (ou raspe com a colher)

3. Adicione 30 ml da solução ao conteúdo do
saco. Misture tudo, apertando com as mãos por 1 minuto.

4. Coloque o filtro de papel no funil,
apoiando no copo.

5. Derrame o conteúdo do saco no filtro e
deixe escoar para dentro do copo.

6. Adicione o filtrado um volume de álcool
gelado, aproximadamente igual ao dobro do volume do filtrado. Faça isso
inclinando o copo com o filtrado, escorrendo o álcool aos poucos pela parede
interna do copo, sem agitar, de modo que ele fique superposto, por algum tempo,
(5 minutos) ao líquido do copo.

7. O DNA deverá surgir no meio da solução.
Pesque o DNA com um palito.



Responda: Vamos Pesquisar?

1- Objetivo(s):

2- Qual a função do sal?

3- Por que é necessário amassar a fruta?

4- O que acontece quando se adiciona o
detergente?

5- Qual o papel do álcool?

6- Por que você não pode ver a dupla hélice?
O que você vê?



Conclusão: (individual,
identificando cada aluno) 



Ilustração
(Pode
usar o celular para fotografar, ou máquina fotográfica, o passo a passo)





Equipe: (Turma, alunos participantes, data.)