O contexto e a relevância da Lei Sarbanes-Oxley - SOx
Autor: Luis Fernando Conduta | Publicado: 2014-02-25T04:29:00-08:00

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&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Autor:
Luis Fernando Conduta e Juarez Pereira da Silva



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Os Estados Unidos em meados da década de 90 foi
marcado por uma série de escândalos financeiros corporativos. As principais
corporações envolvidas no escândalo são: Enron, Arthur Andersen, World
Com e Xerox. As fraudes eram
realizadas por seus respectivos executivos onde os mesmos alteravam os valores
contábeis no balanço patrimonial dessas entidades, transparecendo um fato não
concreto e falso. A crise fraudulenta deixou os investidores receosos quanto a possíveis
investimentos a serem realizados nas empresas dos EUA e causou para o país um
marco negativo em sua economia. Para conter esse tipo de fraude, em 2002 foi
desenvolvido com a iniciativa do senador Paul Sarbanes (Democrata) e do
deputado Michael Oxley (Republicano)
a Lei Sarbanes-Oxley, com o objetivo de extinguir fraudes e conter a fuga dos
investidores que já não tinham mais confiança nos registros contábeis das
empresas e em seus processos internos (controles de gestão). 

A
Sarbanes-Oxley Act, normalmente abreviada em SOx ou Sarbox obriga as empresas a
reestruturarem processos para aumentar os controles, a segurança e a
transparência na condução dos negócios, na administração financeira, nas
escriturações contábeis, na gestão de governança e na divulgação das
informações ao seu público interno e principalmente externo.

E
com a finalidade de recuperar a confiança dos investidores, o congresso norte
americano decidiu promulgar a Lei Sarbanes-Oxley, em julho de 2002. Apos vários
debates e comitês para discussão sobre seus artigos, o congresso pôs fim a
tradicional auto-regulação baseada no modelo das melhores práticas, muitas
vezes deixada a cargo de leis corporativas estaduais, e decidiu substituí-la
por uma lei que estende seus domínios a importantes práticas de governança
corporativa, bem como define a autoridade legislativa de regulamentação
estabelecida pela Securities and Exchange Commission (SOUSA; FRAGA; 2004).
Para salientar e concluir, essa lei tem destinação às empresas americanas,
porém as empresas de capital aberto que possuem ações negociadas na bolsa
de valores de Nova Iorque - NYSE devem obrigatoriamente seguir o que está transcrito nessa lei, com a iniciativa de dar maior segurança aos investidores e
consequentemente gerar uma maior credibilidade nas informações contidas nos
demonstrativos contábeis das mesmas.
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REFERÊNCIAS



SOUSA,
A. F.; FRAGA R. M.;Governança Corporativa: Efeitos decorrentes da vigência da
Sarbanes-Oxley Act nas empresas brasileiras; in: VII SEMEAD-Franças; 10/11 de
Agosto de2004.