Resumão - Física - 1º ano - Mutirão
Autor: Sora Ize | Publicado: 2012-03-16T16:09:00-03:00

Oi gurizada!!!!

Conforme combinado, segue resumão dos conteúdos de física para a 1ª avaliação.
Tem também exercícios. por favor, os façam para a px aula.
BJs e bom findi!



RESUMÃO - 1ª avaliação


Pessoal,
este é apenas um “resumão”. Maiores informações foram trabalhadas na sala. Não
deixem de estudar pelo caderno e apostila.


CINEMÁTICA

Conceito: é a parte da
mecânica que estuda os movimentos sem se referir as causas produtoras.
Referencial: é qualquer corpo
que serve como referência para se definir a posição de um dado corpo.
Movimento: Um corpo está em
movimento quando sua posição varia o espaço, no decorrer do tempo,
relativamente a um dado referencial.
Repouso: Um corpo esta em repouso
se sua posição permanece a mesma no decorrer do tempo, relativamente a um dado
referencial.
Móvel: Todo corpo em
movimento.
Trajetória: É o caminho
descrito pelo móvel.
-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
Movimento retilíneo: a trajetória é uma reta.
-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
Movimento Curvilíneo: A trajetória é uma curva.
Posição: É a medida da
distância do corpo até a origem das posições, acompanhada de um sinal positivo
ou negativo.


-3&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;        -2&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;        -1&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;        0         &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; 1        &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 2&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;         3          (m)


 
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;


Distância Percorrida: É a medida de toda
trajetória.
Deslocamento (∆S): É a medida em linha RETA entre a
posição inicial (Si) e a posição final (Sf).
Fórmula: ∆S = Sf
&nbsp;- Si
Obs.: A distância percorrida e o deslocamento podem ser iguais
numa trajetória retilínea.
Ps.:
A simbologia delta (∆), (lê-se: variação), representa a diferença entre
um “ponto” final e um “ponto” inicial.
Se ∆S&gt;;0, o deslocamento é no sentido do eixo e o movimento é
dito PROGRESSIVO.
Se ∆S&lt;;0, o deslocamento é no sentido oposto ao do eixo e o
movimento é dito RETRÓGRADO.
Exemplo: Examinando o movimento de um móvel sobre a reta AB,
preencha corretamente o quadro, tomando o ponto A como referencial:



 

  
O móvel vai de 

  
Distância

  
Deslocamento

 

  
A até C

  


  


 

  
A até B

  


  


 

  
A até B e volta a
  C

  


  


 

  
A até B e volta a
  A

  


  


 






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Exercícios:

1. Uma
pessoa, em um carro, observa um poste na calçada de uma rua, ao passar por ele.
O poste está em repouso ou em movimento? Explique. 
2. Considere
o livro que você está lendo.
a)
Ele está em repouso em relação a você? 
b)
E em relação a um observador no Sol? 
3. Enquanto
o professor escreve na lousa. 
a)
O giz está em repouso ou em movimento em relação à lousa?

b)
A lousa está em repouso ou em movimento em relação ao chão?

c)
A lousa está em repouso ou em movimento em relação ao giz? 

4. Quando
escrevemos no caderno, a caneta que usamos está em: 

a)
Movimento em relação a que? 

b)
Repouso em relação a que? 

5. Se
dois carros movem-se sempre um ao lado do outro, pode-se afirmar que um está
parado em relação ao outro? 


VETORES
Grandezas
Escalares: São aquelas que ficam muito bem representadas por um número e
uma unidade de medida.

Ex.: Josué tem 50Kg de massa.Grandezas
Vetoriais: São aquelas que ficam muito bem representadas por um vetor.

Vetor é um segmento de reta orientada que possui três
características essenciais: módulo, direção e sentido.


Exercícios
- Vetores

01. Um projétil é lançado com uma
velocidade de módulo 20 m/s e formando com o plano horizontal um&nbsp;ângulo
de&nbsp;60°. Calcule os componentes horizontal e vertical da velocidade.

02. (INATEL) Dois corpos A e B se
deslocam segundo trajetória perpendiculares, com velocidades constantes,
conforme está ilustrado na figura adiante. 
 
 



As
velocidades dos corpos medidas por um observador fixo têm intensidades iguais
a: VA = 5,0 (m/s) e VB = 12 (m/s). Quanto mede a
velocidade do corpo A em relação ao corpo B?&nbsp; 



03. (UnB) São grandezas escalares
todas as quantidades físicas a seguir, EXCETO:&nbsp;a) massa do átomo de hidrogênio; 
b) intervalo de tempo entre dois eclipses solares; 

c) peso de um corpo; 

d) densidade de uma liga de ferro; 
e) n.d.a.&nbsp;&nbsp;

04. (UEPG - PR) Quando dizemos que a
velocidade de uma bola é de 20 m/s, horizontal e para a direita, estamos
definindo a velocidade como uma grandeza:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
a) escalar &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; b) algébrica
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; c) linear &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; d)
vetorial &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; e) n.d.a.&nbsp;&nbsp;

05. (UFAL) Considere as grandezas
físicas:&nbsp;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
I.&nbsp;&nbsp; Velocidade &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; II.&nbsp; Temperatura
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; III. Massa &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; IV.
Deslocamento &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; V.&nbsp; Força&nbsp;
&nbsp;
Destas, as grandezas escalares estão representadas pelos nºs:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
a) I, II &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; b) II, III
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; c) III, IV &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; d) IV,
V &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; e) I, II, V

06. (CESGRANRIO) Das grandezas
citadas nas opções a seguir assinale aquela que é de natureza vetorial:&nbsp;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
a) pressão &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; b) força eletromotriz
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; c) corrente elétrica
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; d) campo elétrico &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
e) trabalho&nbsp;&nbsp;

07. (FESP) Num corpo estão aplicadas
apenas duas forças de intensidades 12N e 8,0N. Uma possível&nbsp;intensidade
da&nbsp;resultante será:&nbsp;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
a) 22N &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; b) 3,0N &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; c)
10N &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; d) zero &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; e)
21N &nbsp;&nbsp;