Características do MS-DOS.
Autor: Bruna Prado | Publicado: 2011-11-07T05:11:00-02:00

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 <![endif]-->    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Sistema monousuário que possibilita a organização dos arquivos em estruturas de diretórios e sub-diretórios. O sistema está dividido internamente em 4 partes:   Registro      de Boot - Inicializa o sistema, verifica as condições internas e gerencia      a carga dos demais arquivos do sistema para a memória. 
IBMBIOS.COM - IO.SYS -      Através da ROMBIOS, gerencia a leitura e gravação de dados entre os      programas e os periféricos. 
IBMDOS.COM - MSDOS.SYS - Gerencia as rotinas de interrupções. 
COMMAND.COM - Gerencia os recursos de de execução de      programas (residentes, de inicialização e transientes). 
  O DOS possui comandos internos (utilitários transientes) de dois tipos: internos, armazenados no command.com (dir, type, copy, etc) e externo (format, backup, etc).
  &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Operação  &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; De acordo com a maneira que o usuário interage, temos duas maneiras de modo de operação: interativo, quando o usuario digita comandos diretamente no teclado e após serem executados retornam o controle ao usuário. No modo batch, os comandos estão organizados dentro de um arquivo, sendo executados em sua sequência quando o usuário digitar o nome do arquivo. Estes arquivos .bat podem ser editados em editores do tipo Notepad (Windows) ou Edit (DOS).
  &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Arquivos  &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Ao formatar um disco, o DOS o divide logicamente em 4 partes:   Área      de inicialização - Informações do disco para o sistema operacional, label,      número de série, etc. 
Diretório      - Informações sobre todos os arquivos do disco, como nome, data, etc. 
FAT      (File Allocation Table) - Informações para se acessar os arquivos na área      de dados. 
Área      de dados - Local de armazenamento dos arquivos no disco. 
  &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Memória  &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Devido a evolução dos equipamentos e programas ávidos em consumir mais memória, o DOS passou a reconhecer e gerenciar vários tipos de memória:   Convencional      - Primeiros 640 Kbytes 
Superior      - Equivale aos 384 Kbytes acima da memória convencional. Para sua      utilização é necessário a instalação do programa EMM386. Usa-se Loadhigh e      DeviceHigh para carregar programas nessa memória. 
Estendida      (XMS) - Memória acima do primeiro Mbyte. Memória existente apartir do      80286. É utilizada através do programa HIMEM. Possibilita a instalação do      DOS (dos=high) liberando memória convencional para os programas. 
Alta      - Primeiros 64 Kbytes da memória estendida. Local onde o DOS pode ser      instalado. 
Expandida      (EMS) - Memória adicional à memória convencional. Ferenciada através do      programa EMM386. 
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Recursos adicionais&nbsp;     Redirecionamento      - Mapeia dispositivos periféricos sem a interferencia do usuário. Simbolos      de redirecionamento: &gt;,&gt;&gt;,&lt;. 
Canalização      - Transferencia de dados entre programas, utilizando arquivos temporários.      Simbolo: |. 
Filtros      - Programas que lê dados em um dispositivo de entrada ou de um arquivo,      altera esses dados e os transfere a dispositivos de saída (sort, more,      find).