CRISTAL DE MURANO
Autor: Carmen Eugenio | Publicado: 2013-06-19T16:39:00-04:00















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O cristal Murano
tem sido um famoso produto da ilha Veneziana de Murano por séculos. 

Pelo século X se tornou uma conhecida cidade de comércio.
Hoje Murano permanece como destino para turistas e amantes de arte e de
joalheria.



Antigamente, a arte de modelar o vidro era dominada por uma
elite de artesãos da República Veneziana, mais notadamente da Ilha de Murano. 

Murano era um porto comercial por volta do século 7 e no século 10 havia se
tornado um próspero centro de comércio possuindo sua própria moeda, força
policial e uma aristocracia comercial. Em 1291, a República Veneziana ordenou
aos artesãos de vidro que transferissem seus fornos para a ilha de Murano, &nbsp;pois havia o temor de um incêndio em Veneza,
nesta época construída basicamente de madeira, provocado pelas altas
temperaturas dos fornos. 

Os artesãos se tornaram a nata da população da ilha. Gozavam de imunidade
judicial. No século 14 as filhas dos artesãos obtiveram permissão de se casarem
com os nobres de sangue azul das famílias venezianas. 

Tal regalia ocultava um propósito:os artesãos de vidro não tinham permissão de
sair dos limites da República. Se um deles resolvesse estabelecer-se fora dos
limites da República corria o risco de ser assassinado ou de ter as mãos
decepadas pela polícia secreta. Entretanto, muitos desertores conseguiram
fugir. 

O que fazia os artesãos de Murano serem tão especiais? Inicialmente eles eram
os únicos na Europa que sabiam como fazer um espelho. Também desenvolveram e
aperfeiçoaram tecnologias para a fabricação de vidro cristalino, esmaltado
(smalto), com fios de ouro (aventurine), multicolorido (millefiori), leitoso (
lattimo) e imitações de gemas preciosas feitas de cristal. Eles virtualmente
monopolizaram a fabricação de cristais por séculos até que artesãos da Europa
central e do norte introduziram novas técnicas e designs ao mesmo tempo em que
imigrantes levaram a tecnologia para o Novo Mundo. 

Murano ainda é um exportador de produtos tradicionais como espelhos e objetos
de cristal. Suas fábricas produzem peças modernas: pesos de papel, contas de
cristal, colares, adereços e joalheria em cristal. Ao nível de varejo há uma
ênfase aos objetos de design artístico.