Biomassa
Autor: Rafael Ruviaro. | Publicado: 2011-11-28T10:19:00-08:00

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Na definição de biomassa para a geração de energia excluem-se os tradicionais combustíveis fósseis , embora estes também sejam derivados da vida vegetal ( carvão mineral ) ou animal ( petróleo e gás natural ), mas são resultado de milhões de anos de actividade até à conversão na sua forma actual. A biomassa pode considerar-se um recurso natural renovável , enquanto os combustíveis fósseis não se renovam a curto prazo.
Vantagens:Baixo custo de aquisição;
Não emite dióxido de enxofre;
As cinzas são menos agressivas ao meio ambiente que as provenientes      de combustíveis fósseis;
Menor corrosão dos equipamentos (caldeiras, fornos);
Menor risco ambiental;
Recurso renovável;
Emissões não contribuem para o efeito estufa.
Desvantagens:Menor poder calorífico;
Maior possibilidade de geração de material particulado para a      atmosfera. Isto significa maior custo de investimento para a caldeira e os      equipamentos para remoção de material particulado;
Dificuldades no estoque e armazenamento.
Medidas Indiretas no Controle de Poluição do ar:
Impedir a geração de poluente
Diminuir a quantidade gerada
Diluição através de chaminé alta
Adequada localização da fonte&nbsp;
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
Produtos      derivados da Biomassa  
Bio-óleo:      líquido negro obtido por meio do processo de pirólise cujas destinações      principais são aquecimento e geração de energia elétrica.
Biogás: metano obtido juntamente com dióxido de      carbono por meio da decomposição de materiais como lixo, alimentos, esgoto      e esterco em digestores de biomassa.
Biomass-to-Liquids:      líquido obtido em duas etapas. Primeiro é realizado um processo de      gasificação, cujo produto é submetido ao processo de Fischer-Tropsch. Pode      ser empregado na composição de lubrificantes e combustíveis líquidos para      utilização em motores do ciclo diesel.
Etanol Celulósico: etanol obtido alternativamente por dois processos. Em um deles a      biomassa, formada basicamente por moléculas de célulose, é submetida ao      processo de hidrólise enzimática, utilizando várias enzimas, como a      celulase, celobiase e β-glicosidase. O outro processo é composto pela      execução sucessiva das três seguintes fases: gasificação, fermentação e      destilação.
Bioetanol "comum": feito no Brasil à base do sumo extraído da cana de açúcar      (caldo-de-cana). Há países que empregam milho (caso dos Estados Unidos) e      beterraba (da França) para a sua produção. O sistema à base de      cana-de-açúcar empregado no Brasil é mais viável do que o utilizado pelo      americano e francês.
Biodiesel: é      feito do dendê, da mamona e da soja.
Óleo vegetal: Pode ser usado em Motores diesel usando a tecnologia Elsbett.


 



Fonte:
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http://www.slideshare.net/cavaco_and_telmao/trabalho-sobre-biomassa-power-point
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