Homens perdem peso mais fácil porque têm até 20% mais músculos Massa magra é motor do corpo e ajuda maior parte das reações químicas.
Autor: http://twitter.com/personal_se | Publicado: 2011-11-28T16:26:00-08:00

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Na menopausa e andropausa, a testosterona cai e a gordura aumenta. Os homens têm mais massa magra que as mulheres, motivo pelo qual perdem peso com mais facilidade. Isso porque os músculos são o motor do corpo e promovem a maior parte das reações químicas que transformam nutrientes em energia, o que garante a queima calórica.

Nas células musculares, organelas chamadas mitocôndrias são responsáveis pelo gasto energético. Os músculos também ajudam no metabolismo basal, que é a queima do organismo em repouso, necessária para manter o funcionamento dos órgãos vitais. Quando os homens diminuem a ingestão de alimentos e fortalecem a massa magra, aumentam ainda mais esse gasto.



Segundo os endocrinologistas Alfredo Halpern e João Eduardo Salles, a mulher concentra mais gordura no quadril, culote, bumbum, coxas, cintura e seios. Já a silhueta masculina é mais marcada na barriga.

Quando entram na menopausa, as mulheres ganham ainda mais massa gorda, que costuma se acumular no abdômen. Como o ovário para de funcionar, cai a produção de testosterona, hormônio masculino que ajuda no crescimento dos músculos.

Os homens também costumam aumentar de peso na andropausa, porque, assim como as mulheres, sofrem uma redução na produção de testosterona, adquirindo massa gorda e perdendo a magra.

O metabolismo pode ser acelerado com a atividade física, mas não é possível saber quanto tempo ele fica acima do nível, pois isso depende da intensidade do exercício.

Para aumentar o metabolismo basal e queimar calorias até dormindo, os médicos recomendaram controlar a alimentação, fazer atividade aeróbica e também musculação. Dormir bem também ajuda. Segundo Salles, quem descansa pouco e mal reduz até 36% a taxa de metabolismo basal e acaba engordando mais.

Além disso, receber leite materno na infância previne a obesidade na vida adulta, de acordo com Halpern.

Como calcular o metabolismo basal:

- 3 a 10 anos [0,085 x P + 2,033] x 239 [0,095 x P + 2,110] x 239
- 10 a 18 anos [0,056 x P + 2,898] x 239 [0,074 x P + 2,754] x 239
- 18 a 30 anos [0,062 x P + 2,036] x 239 [0,063 x P + 2,896] x 239
- 30 a 60 anos [0,034 x P + 3,538] x 239 [0,048 x P + 3,653] x 239
P = peso corporal em kg

* Essa conta não é válida para mulheres durante o período de amamentação.

-Mulher pouco ativa (taxa basal + 20% = gasto calórico diário)
-Mulher ativa (taxa basal + 30%)
-Mulher muito ativa (taxa basal + 40%)
-Homem pouco ativo (taxa basal + 25%)
-Homem ativo (taxa basal + 35%)
-Homem muito ativo (taxa basal + 45%)

Exemplo da taxa metabólica de uma mulher de 37 anos ativa: taxa basal 1.381 calorias + 30% = 1.795 caloriaswww.educaçãofisica.com.br