Filosofia moderna
Autor: Picula | Publicado: 2013-03-11T11:02:00-07:00

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Filosofia moderna: nova ciência e
racionalismo



Esboço - Parte 1



Professor: Adailton Pereira



1.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
Idade
moderna (XV – XVIII).



a)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
Revalorização do ser humano e da natureza
(contexto):



&nbsp;Passagem do feudalismo para o capitalismo;
&nbsp;Formação dos estados nacionais;
&nbsp;Movimento da reforma;
&nbsp;Desenvolvimento da ciência natural;
&nbsp;Invenção da impressa.




b)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
Renascimento (XV – XVI).



Surge na Itália;
Tem mentalidade racionalista;
&nbsp;Filosofia recheada de releitura da filosofia
clássica Greco-romana;
&nbsp;Ênfase na:




- Razão.



-Liberdade.



Humanização do divino.
Alguns pioneiros:




-Nicolau Copérnico: astrônomo polonês, viveu entre
1473 e 1543sua principal teoria é a do heliocentrismo (o sol é o centro do
universo e não a terra) combatia o geocentrismo em seu “livro da revolução das
esferas celestes”.





- Giordano
Bruno: Italiano defende a teoria de Nicolau Copérnico, o que lhe causou morte
na fogueira condenado pela “santa” inquisição.





- Michel de
Montaigne (1523 – 1592): 



a) ceticista, epicurista e estoicista;



b) Ética: a cosnciência moral é individual apenas
existe uma regra geral que é “dizer sempre sim a vida”.



c) Educação: deve ser sem imposição e com a permissão
da dúvida devido Porque “apenas os loucos ntem certeza absoluta”.





- Nicolau
Maquiavel (1469-1527): 



a) Livro “O Príncipe” ;



b) descreveu o fenômeno político em si mesmo;



c) reflete sobre o exercício do poder político pelo
estado;



d)é pessimista;



e) desvincula Razões políticas de Razões morais.




A inquisição: criada em 1232 pelo papa Gregório,
logo depois foi desativada e somente reativada no contexto do renascimento no concilio
de Trento (1545-1563).