O CANTO FLAMENCO
Autor: Henrique Baima | Publicado: 2016-12-20T11:11:00-03:00






O sul da Espanha foi, por mais de
setecentos e cinquenta anos, submetido ao domínio árabe, havendo dele recebido
importantes influências, desde a invasão da península em 711 por Tárik Benzema
ibn Ziyad al-Layti, ou simplesmente Tárik&nbsp;
(Gibraltar é uma adaptação do árabe Jaba
al-Tárik, ou a montanha de Tárik) e o aliado Musa ibn Nusayr com seu
exército berbere, até a expulsão definitiva do último reduto árabe da Espanha, Granada,
em 1492.

A partir do século XV, por volta de
1447, chegaram à Andaluzia grandes levas de gitanos,
vindos da Catalunha, que parece ter sido a sua porta de entrada na Espanha.
Passaram anteriormente pelo Egito (vinham do noroeste da Índia), daí talvez a
sua denominação, oriunda &nbsp;de egiptanos (em inglês gypsies).

Quando desejamos falar da música
andaluza, devemos ter em conta as variadas influências exercidas na região,
desde tempos remotos, por romanos, bizantinos, vândalos (Al-Andalus!), muçulmanos, judeus, árabes (moçárabes), além,
principalmente, dos ciganos, que a ela deram um colorido especial. O flamenco, palavra de origem algo
obscura, parece vir do árabe felamengu
(homem errante) e de flahencon
(cancioneiro). Assim, flamenco seria
a denominação dada por moçárabes (andaluzes mestiços arábigo-espanhóis) aos gitanos, notórios andarilhos e músicos
extraordinários.

Não devemos reduzir o conceito de flamenco a um guitarrista, um cantaor, um tablado e uma dançarina! O flamenco comporta, além do cante hondo, romances corríos, martinetes,
soleares, tientos, peteneras, bulerías, fandangos, seguiriyas... uma
miríade de estilos e ritmos. E há, sobretudo, a poesía flamenca, uma estética especial: Se adespierta un rey celoso,/ coje la pluma y escribe, / y en el primer
renglón pone; / quien tiene celoz no vive! Ou: Dezpué de haberme llevao / toa la noche de harana, / me vengo a purificá
/ debajo de tu ventana, / como se fuera um artá. 

O poeta andaluz Federico García Lorca,
ele próprio se autodefinindo gitano,
escreveu, em tom encantatório: Cuando la
cabeza inclina / sobre su pecho de jaspe, / la noche busca llanuras / porque
quiere arrodillarse. A música andaluza cantada reflete uma herança
ancestral vincada sobre a voz gitana.
Ela tiene duende, como disse o poeta.







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Há evidente semelhança, não somente
temática, mas de intensidade dramática, entre o flamenco e o tango argentino. Matéria para um estudo. E já os há, a
respeito.



LM

Publicado no O Povo em 20/12/2016