A Pré-história em Canguaretama
Autor: INFORMAÇÃO | Publicado: 2016-01-17T02:48:00-08:00

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São
raros os trabalhos de pesquisa científica que se refiram à pré-história de
Canguaretama. Os que existem são quase desconhecidos pela maioria dos
historiadores. Por esse motivo, as informações vêm de fontes empíricas e
deduções feitas a partir de estudos em outras localidades.



O litoral sul do Rio Grande do Norte foi povoado por volta do ano 10.000 a.C.
com uma população pequena e pouco conhecida. Vivendo no litoral, se alimentavam principalmente de
peixes e crustáceos, mas também coletavam frutos e caçavam pequenos animais.
Eram povos nômades ou seminômades que já utilizavam o fogo e viviam em pequenos grupos familiares de 10 a 20 indivíduos.



Foi
nessa época que ocorreu a última glaciação, conhecida também como a era do
gelo. O oceano estava, então, 150 metros mais baixo e recuado pelo menos
1500 metros da margem atual. Por esse motivo, muito dos vestígios
pré-históricos podem estar submersos nas águas do litoral. Ainda existia, nesse
mesmo período, a megafauna, com a presença de grandes animais 


pré-históricos
como o bicho-preguiça gigante, o mastodonte e o tigre-dente-de-sabre. No geral,
o clima era mais frio e seco, porém, há a possibilidade da existência de uma
densa floresta nas margens dos rios, onde a temperatura e umidade poderiam ser mais
altas.


A primeira população
pré-histórica deveria ter características físicas diferentes dos nativos
atuais, e possivelmente eram negroides, mas desapareceram com a chegada das
etnias atuais. A etnia tupi tem características físicas diferentes, são mongolóides,
e chegaram à região por volta do ano 1.000. Possivelmente a ação guerreira do povo
tupi tenha dizimado as populações anteriores ou os tenha afastado do litoral. Suspeita-se
que o uso de armas, como o arco e flecha, proporcionou superioridade aos tupi[1],
que em situações de guerra teriam exterminado os paleoíndios.











[1] Conforme
a Convenção para a grafia dos nomes tribais, de 1953, as denominações
indígenas não sofrem flexão de número ou gênero.