Teoria Atômica - Rutherford
Autor: química com a 2108 | Publicado: 2010-03-29T18:49:00-07:00

Rutherford (físico neozelandês, 1971 - 1937)Ao fazer uma experiência utilizando bloco de chumbo com partículas alfa(+), uma lâmina de ouro e uma lâmina de sulfeto de zinco, como mostra a figura abaixo:

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Durante a experiência Rutherford verificou que algumas partículas ao atravessar a lâmina, se desviavam, e poucas (uma a cada 20000 partículas) atravessavam a lamina e voltavam.Assim concluiu que o átomo era constituído de duas regiões, uma no centro (núcleo atômico com carga positiva) e outra ao redor, ou seja, periférica(eletrosfera), na qual os elétrons estariam circulando ao redor no núcleo.

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Rutherford também conseguiu determinar as dimensões aproximadas no núcleo e do átomo.Átomo: 10-8 cmNúcleo: 10-13 cmConcluiu-se que o átomo é aproximadamente, 10000 vezes maior que o seu núcleo.
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  Teoria AtualAtualmente após estudos, cientistas chegaram a conclusão de que os átomos são divisíveis(não indivisíveis como achava Demócrito e Dalton), e são formados por inúmeras partículas, chamadas subatômicas, como os prótons, elétrons, nêutrons entre outros. Os prótons e neutros estão situados no núcleo atômico; os elétrons, ao redor do núcleo, na atmosfera.Particula &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Carga &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; Massa&nbsp;Protons &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; + &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 1&nbsp;Neutrons &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; sem carga &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 1&nbsp;Eletrons &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; - &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 1/1836&nbsp; 

Ruth Rocha