UNIVERSITY IN SIX MONTHS
Autor: Glaucia Maria Guimarães Quadros | Publicado: 2008-09-27T05:45:00-07:00

UNIVERSITY IN SIX MONTHS 1. The ten greatest thinkers: Confucius, Plato, Aristotle, Thomas Aquinas, Copernicus, Bacon, Newton, Voltaire, Kant, Darwim.2. The ten greatest poets: Homer, David, Euripides, Lucretius, Dante, Shaekspeare, Keats, Shelly, Witman.Introductory, H. G. Wells, The Outline of History - Universal History.Asia and Africa, The Bible, and Robinson breasted. The human Adventure.Greece:Herodotus, HistoriesThucydides, Life of the Honorable MenHomer, Iliad and OdysseyAeschylus, Prometheus chainedSophocles, all trad. Gilbert MurrayDiogenes Laertius, the Living PhilosophersPlato, Dialogues / Apology / Fedor / The RepublicAristotle, Ethics and PoliticsRome: Lucretius, De Rerum Natura (Nature of Things)Virgil, EneidaGiblon, E., Decline and Fall of the Roman EmpireChristianity: Omar Khayyam, RubayatAligheri Dante, Divine ComedyM. Adams, Mount St. Michael and ChartresG. Gray, Hstória of MusicItalian Renaissance: Symonds, The Renaissance in ItalyN. Machiavelli, The PrinceEurope's century 16: Rabelais, Gantgantua and PantagruelMontaigne, EssaysCervantes, D. QuixoteShaekspeare, partsEurope of the 17th century: La Rochefoucauld, ReflectionsMolière, parts.Francis Bacon, testingHobbes, LeviathanEurope 18th century: Voltaire, worksRousseau, ConfessionsSwift, Gulliver's TravelMoisture, Treaty on human natureEurope from the 19th century: Goethe, FaustV. Hugo, The wretchedDickens, Rükwick Capars (?)Dostevski, Brothers KaramazovTolstoy, War and PeaceDarwin, The descent of man.America: C. Beard, The Rise of American CivilizationPoe, poems and storiesEmerson, testingThoureau, WaldenWhitman, Leave of GrassLincoln, Letters and SpeechesThe Century 20: H. Adams, Education of Adam HinuyBergson, The Evolution CreatorSpengler, the decline of the Westobs. This idea of "University in six months" has the lamented journalist Paul Francis."There are things the right time."  I will get there!  Faith, ever. I thought i was losted:" A guide to culture, by Paul Francis     'A basic bibliography for those who want to understand the adventure of humanity Asked my file for young pre-academic... I do not have. I tried a master's degree in Columbia University in New York 1954, but quit, consult the teacher-professor Eric Bentley. You thought I lost my time. I read all the relevant literature, from Aeschylus to Beckett, and knew almost by heart the Poetics of Aristotle. In a few months if everything you read what's important in theater. I have read and reread years.But without a doctorate or master's or even, I would make some information to young people who, in my time, would be superfluous, but now, maybe have a taste for novelty. I speak of obtaining general knowledge. It's easy.Education was the transmission of an accumulation of knowledge. Today, it is a cringing youth, which supposedly should do what it pleases, to be on their own, as they say, and the result is that the rectors of universities suggest that there is no more than note admission, which let those who have less note low. It should be no exception, otherwise the civilized world would, but the crisis is real, denounced by people like Prince Charles, heir to the English throne, and by intellectuals like Alan Bloom, who consider the university lost in the U.S.. In Brazil, there was the Reformation Birds in the 60s. The military dictatorship had the same defect on the left. I wanted to be popular. It was populist. I wanted to facilitate access to university people, as the catechism Resa populist. Threat widespread illiteracy.There is no alternative to reading. I would point out some essential books to the young, even a minimum program, but that, if implemented, will increase dramatically the student's understanding of the world where he is living. Starting with Brazil, it is essential to read 'Os Sertões' of Euclides da Cunha. It is short and is not model-style. Euclid writes as Jânio Quadros speech. It is man's far-hey you, the oblique way that Jânio boasts. But the book is genius. Gives us the reality of the wilderness, that is, for practical purposes almost everywhere in Brazil, making the South, the reality of the swing, and our civilization as late as culture, as an organization of the state. Euclid shows the clash between the central Brazil that the descended Europe and Brazil tropicalis, native, wild. Euclid presents arguments today over on the superiority of Europe, but none the less be sure. All well have sympathy for Indian and swing, the Matute, but our destiny is to be, the Brazilian, our fashion, a country along the lines of modern European civilization. Euclid began to destroy the book and Antônio Conselheiro Revolt of Tizi, but if left emotions for the courage and persistence of the insurgents and finished writing a great epic in prose, the American poet Robert Lowell, who only read the translation, the higher the War and Peace, from Tolstoy. But what is important for the young that choice between the primitive and Tizi irridentists of modern civilization, why is it has to deal with Brazilian daily. It is our tragedy unresolved.Read some of the great novels of Machado de Assis. The brightest is Posthumous Memoirs of Bras Cubas. For style, is what you should emulate. The colloquialism melodious and fluent in Machado. It is a great fun this book. I would recommend even to those who have difficulty to use the language of the Memorial Aires. It is the best book written in Portuguese that. The Greeks are one of our cots. They represent the sweetness and light, the sentence of an English educator, Matthew Arnold (also poet and critic). Arnold spoke against the Judeo-Christian tradition, dominant in our culture, in our life, the Bible and the New Testament, which predominated in the western world since the century 5 of the Christian Era, when the Roman Emperor Constantine was converted to Christianity. Greeks only started serious studies in the 19th century, when they became university curriculum, because before the priests and pastors not allowed.But read originals. I chose four. After a discussion of Plato in the encyclopedia of your taste, it should read The Apology, which is the explanation of Socrates to his critics, when he was sentenced to death, and Symposium, a dialogue of Plato. Plato did not trust the written word. He said he was dead. The preferred form of dialogue.In condoning it discusses what is most important in intellectual life. The freedom to have opinions against the orthodoxies of the day. Help the student to think for himself and have the courage of their convictions.Then the delicious Symposium. It is a discussion about love, all you need to know about the sensual love, the altruistic, which call for platonic, the love is focused on wisdom.Plato put, apart from Socrates, his idol, in dialogue, Aristophanes, the great teaser of Socrates. At the mouth of Aristophanes puts one of his most original ideas. That the human being was hermaphrodite, part man part woman, and that each person, after the separation, seeks to recover your lost party, and hence the predestination of the right woman for a man and the right man to a woman. Must also read The Lives of Plutarch, the biographer of great antiquity. We learned how were the big names in the flesh, of Alexander, paranoid, to Julio Cesar, contained, the Antony and Cleopatra. Shakespeare based much of his pieces in Plutarch and read in English translation, because Shakespeare, as we did not know Latin or Greek. Then, as history, read The War of the Peloponnese, from Thucydides. It is about the war between Athens and Sparta, Corinth and others, for 27 years, 5 in the century before Christ. Reading about Pericles, the Athenian leader, Cleon, the Spartan chef, and Alcebíades, the beautiful, young and treacherous Alcebíades, we never surprised by any act of political in our day. It is the largest book of history already written. Always present.Rome just read the original The Twelve Caesars, from Suetonius, and Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, from Gibbon. More a bath of human nature.My knowledge is almost none. But read, of course, the Logic of Scientific Research of Karl Popper, when you understand what these bitches want. For those who want just a start, I recommend the preface to Novum Organum of Francis Bacon, which means the title, new instrument, and Bacon explains the scientific method and what the objective science. And to complement him read the preface of The Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy of Isaac Newton, and the preface of Bertrand Russell and Alfred North Whitehead in his Principles of Mathematics. Also worth reading the History of Western Philosophy of Bertrand Russell, and the chapter on Logical positivism, which is the philosophy based on scientific knowledge. In short, everything that can be proved mathematically and logically, is philosophy.O rest is not. I find it perfectly acceptable. Release the rest.It is the arts that is wisdom. How to live well without reading Hamlet in Shakespeare? Everything is there in an incomparable, is an exemplary clarity, everything that we already feel, come to feel, or can feel.I preferred quote from Shakespeare with a Greek piece, which I consider vital: Antigone of Sophocles. There is a translation of Antigone, in verse, by Guilherme de Almeida, who Cacilda Becker represented in the Brazilian Comedy Theater.Antigone is the best in women. It is the young princess whose brother died in rebellion against the uncle, King Creon, and she wants to bury them, because religion Greek spirits not rest until the bodies are buried. Creon does not want to be buried, as warning the public subversive. Antigone defies Creon. He sends kill her. She dies. Her fiancé is suicidal. It is the son of Creon, who be nuts. It seems a big drama, but it is not. It is the soul devised women throughout their fraternal possibility. Hegel thought that Antigone was the clash of two rights, the right individual and the right of the state. And so defined the tragedy.The best of Rome is the story of Theodore Mommsem. The best story of the Renaissance is that of Jacob Buckhardt. All you need to know.And learn from one of the most famous independent, Bernard Shaw (the other is Trotsky). Read all parts of his prefaces. They are a universal story. A flaw in our head of Vieira. In a day you read all. Noting, one week. Also worth reading the Little History of the World, from HGWells, exceeded in many ways, but unsurpassed as literature.Step by quiet Enlightenment. It was so embedded in our lives, it is not necessary to read Voltaire and Diderot. The books of Peter Gay on the Enlightenment are excellent. They say all we need to know. If you want to know what it was Christianity, the play unbeaten and The Confessions of St. Augustine, one of the great autobiographies, apart from the religious issue. There is no need to read The Origin of Species, from Darwin, but it is a pleasure to read a Protest Travel around the world, the adventures of Darwin as a botanist and zoologist, aboard the English ship Beagle in the years 1830, the South America , With unforgettable pages on Argentina, Brazil and Galapagos, which is so far as Darwin found (and Brazil and Argentina in its soul?)There were three major revolutions in the world, the American, French and Russian. The literature could not be more abundant. But just read, for example, Citizens of Simon Schama, to have a splendid story of the revolution interrupted, 1789-1794, in France, and conclude with the book by Edmund Wilson, Towards the Finland Station. Schama is conservative, Wilson was not, when he wrote, was authentic, even in the decade, 30, as so many people in the Russian Revolution. But this time, and even before he died in 1972, it is easy to notice that the Russian Revolution had not stopped the Terror, as the French, but Gorbachev continued to prove his immense failure. The best book on the French Revolution is history of the Revolution in France, Edmund Burke, in 1790, which foresaw the Terror of Robespierre and Saint-Just. If the student wants a book in favor of the French Revolution, read, the title is to always, to Gaetano Salvemini. Proponents of the Russian of Sukhanov, the Oxford University Press summarized in a volume, or the Russian Revolution, of Trotsky, a classic revolutionary. But the facts speak louder that the literary brilliance of Trotsky.About the American Revolution do not know any good book translated, but by size and quality, a volume alone, I suggest to the publisher Longman, A History of the United States of America, the young English historian Hugh Brogan, 749 pages, only when bought cost $ 25. It has everything that is important.In economics, April 50 published volumes of leading economists. I did not lose time. They have as much relationship to our lives as children and had Zélia advisor. But there's Dictionary of Economics, also from April. When the chop-house jargon, you query to know at least what it means to umbrage. Economics is all about the Portuguese phrase: who is not competent is not down.Of the novels of the 19th century, War and Peace, from Tolstoy and Crime and Punishment in Dostoiewski, I feel absolutely indispensable. War and Peace because it is the portrait of an entire society as a large family, because they laugh and cry without stopping, because it contains a world and the concerns of the protagonist, Pierre Bezhukov, which until now have not been answered. Crime and Punishment, because it exemplifies the whole philosophy of Nietzsche in a manner accessible and deeply tragic, of how the human brain is able to rationalize any crime, that everything is relative, in short, the person who thinks and acts as Raskolnikoff, the protagonist. Anything goes. Dostoiewski, to prevent us from annihilating each other, adding that one can not live without mercy.Of modern, Proust is wonderful, but painful, Joyce is unnecessary, but it is worthwhile to read the masterpieces of Thomas Mann, The Magic Mountain, to know what was discussed philosophically in this century, and Dr. Faust, who leads the nihilistic relativism that dominates modern culture and we need to get rid if we are going to survive culturally, as a civilization, not as mere consumers, in a contemptible level of satisfaction animal.There are many works that I am charming and not in any way, excluding any authors or books. The list did seem that the basics. In a few weeks, two hours a day, one reads everything. I doubt if anything like teach in our universities. If I'm wrong, I am pleased to hand the plate.By Paul Francis, for the newspaper - Local - 30/05/91 " Pasted sins, never.Dinosaur maria