UM IDIOMA QUE VEIO DA TOSCANA
Autor: Sílvia Mello - Autora | Publicado: 2012-02-01T16:07:00-02:00

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A palavra bianco – “branco”, no italiano oficial – transforma-se em biank em alguns locais da região do Piemonte, giancu, na Ligúria, iango na Campânia, aspro no sul da Calábria e iancu na Sicília.
Na Itália, as diferenças entre os diversos dialetos já constituíram impressionante barreira para a comunicação que, em parte, ainda hoje permanecem. Houve tempo em que os que falavam dialetos diferentes, povos divididos por acidentes geográficos espalhados pelo território italiano, mal se compreendiam.
Essa língua que se conhece atualmente como Italiano é, em essência, o dialeto de uma região central do país chamada Toscana (embora a pronúncia do italiano padrão não seja exatamente idêntica à toscana).
O toscano é somente um dentre os vários dialetos que descenderam da antiga língua latina. Mas foi utilizado pelo poeta Dante para escrever sua obra-prima, A Divina Comédia, no século XIV. O toscano era, por assim dizer, a língua da intelectualidade, usada também por Boccaccio e Petrarca, mas jamais se tornou uma língua popular.
Quando houve a unificação política da Itália, em 1861, menos de 3% da população da península falava o toscano. Até 1982, apenas 29% da população falava o italiano oficial em casa.
E isso se confirma com o depoimento de Bice, professora de italiano da Associação Ítalo-Brasileira de São Roque. Quando chegou da Itália, em 1952, aos 13 anos, ainda cursava a 7ª.série, e afirma que o toscano era a língua falada na escola e em ambientes públicos. Mas, em casa, falava-se o dialeto de sua região, o Marche.
O Italiano proveniente da Toscana, considerado a língua oficial do novo Estado unificado, tornou-se, também, o idioma da educação formal. E os dialetos passaram a ser desestimulados. Não sem ressentimentos por parte da população que, afinal, acabou por aprendê-la e usá-la.Ignázio Silone, grande romancista da região de Abruzzo, resumiu as dificuldades de muitos com a língua de seu país, ao escrever, em 1930:
A língua italiana é para nós uma língua estrangeira, uma língua morta, uma língua cujos vocábulos e gramática não têm relação alguma com nosso modo de agir, de pensar e de nos expressar. Falamos o italiano da mesma forma que calçamos sapatos e botamos colarinho e gravata para um passeio à cidade. Qualquer pessoa pode perceber nosso desalinho.



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