Um golpe em 1930!
Autor: Equipe Vetus | Publicado: 2011-07-04T22:56:00-03:00

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Em 1930 o Brasil era um país dominado pelas oligarquias cafeeiras, que através da política dos governadores e da política do café-com-leite dominavam o cenário político, mas era um Brasil que já apresentava elementos de um mundo urbano e industrial que havia começado a se estruturar com mais proeminência nas primeiras décadas do século XX.A crise política do governo Washington Luís e a quebra da Bolsa de Valores de Nova York de 1929, e suas ressonâncias na economia brasileira, com a drástica diminuição das exportações do café, proporcionariam inúmeras mudanças nos rumos do país. A falência de grande parte dos cafeicultores romperia com o sistema do café-com-leite, pois, nas eleições de 1930, os fazendeiros paulistas exigiram que Washington Luís lançasse outro paulista (Júlio Prestes) como seu sucessor, destruindo a aliança entre São Paulo e Minas Gerais.As oligarquias mineiras, apoiadas por alguns tenentistas, contra-atacaram lançando uma chapa oposicionista, a “Aliança Liberal”, formada pelo gaúcho Getúlio Vargas e pelo paraibano João Pessoa. A plataforma de oposição baseava-se num esquema de reformas políticas, como a instituição do voto secreto, anistia política e criação de uma legislação trabalhista.Nas eleições de 1930, as fraudes permitiram a apertada vitória de Júlio Prestes. No Sul, Getúlio Vargas iniciou as negociações políticas com os grupos vencedores. Parecia que, mais uma vez, as mudanças políticas seriam adiadas.Entretanto, em 26 de julho de 1930 João Pessoa foi assassinado pelo advogado João Dantas. Esse episódio, que a princípio não guardava características políticas, deu-se por motivos passionais e acabou servindo como o motivo que a oposição esperava para fazer uma revolução.

  
Neste contexto, os integrantes da Aliança Liberal comandaram tropas que se deslocaram do Rio Grande do Sul para o Rio de Janeiro. Sem grandes problemas, Vargas chegou ao Rio de Janeiro no início de outubro. No dia 24, Washington Luís foi deposto pelo golpe e Getúlio Vargas assumiu a chefia do Governo Provisório. Acabava, assim, a chamada “República Oligárquica”.