Fonoaudiologia nos  Distúrbios   Alimentares
Autor: Anamaria M. Casaca - Fonoaudiologia | Publicado: 2011-12-17T13:33:00-08:00

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 <![endif]-->&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Em fonoaudiologia clínica tenho visto situações&nbsp; que me deixam&nbsp; surpresa: crianças de seis anos, que não conseguem mastigar e nem engolir alimentos sólidos, como arroz, feijão,
pão, carne e outros.
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; O que estas crianças que não sabem mastigar comem?&nbsp; Pasmem: não comem ! Apenas bebem leite e caldos. Quando os pais tentam forçá-la a mastigar e engolir qualquer outra coisa,&nbsp; elas têm&nbsp; NÁUSEAS e VÔMITO.
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Você deve estar se perguntando como essa situação chegou a este ponto!
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Sabemos que que assim que nascem os dentes no bebê, introduzimos alimentos de consistência mais firme, como frutas, e deixamos de amassar os legumes com o garfo.
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Observe : comida de bebê deve ser amassada com o garfo e não batida no liquidificador. Por quê ? Porque comida batida no liquidificador fica muito pastosa, e não estimula a mucosa interna da boca, com aqueles pedacinhos que tem&nbsp; na comida amassada com o garfo. Esses pedacinhos massageiam a língua, as gengivas, céu da boca ( palato duro) e vão&nbsp; eliminando o excesso de sensibilidade, que provoca a náusea e o vômito. Por isso, sugerimos a variação de sabores. Ou seja, se você mistura sempre os mesmos legumes, o sabor será sempre igual e a criança poderá&nbsp; rejeitar&nbsp;&nbsp; alimentos&nbsp; de sabor diferente, porque o PALADAR&nbsp; fica viciado.
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Se nesta fase de iniciar a mastigação, a criança já tem os dentes necessários e se recusa a mastigar, é o momento de alerta aos pais.Pois é nesse momento que se comete o maior erro: substituir todas as refeições pelo LEITE.
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; É comum estas crianças terem dermatite atópica e rinite alérgica recorrentes.Algumas devido à alergia&nbsp; à lactose, ou pelo excesso de leite e ausência de outros nutrientes. 
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;Após&nbsp; o médico da criança fazer uma avaliação, e constatar que não há nenhuma causa física, os pais ficam sem saber o que fazer e o tempo vai passando.
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Diante deste quadro,&nbsp; &nbsp;a&nbsp; musculatura oral se torna cada vez mais&nbsp; flácida e incompetente para o ato de mastigar. Com a musculatura fraca o paciente perde o interesse por alimentos mais duros. &nbsp;Daí a importância da terapia fonoaudiológica.
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; O Fonoaudiólogo é o profissional que avalia, orienta e faz a reabilitação da mastigação e deglutição. Como ?&nbsp; Através de exercícios que diminuem o excesso da sensibilidade interna da boca,e da &nbsp;língua; através do fortalecimento dos músculos que estão fracos, e o treino da mastigação e deglutição, &nbsp;introduzindo alimentos sólidos , aos poucos, eliminando a náusea e o vômito.
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Muitas pessoas pensam : se os pais não conseguiram fazer o próprio filho mastigar, &nbsp;como uma pessoa estranha vai ter sucesso?
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; O fonoaudiólogo sabe que criança gosta de brincar, e constrói primeiro um vínculo afetivo através de brinquedos. Quando a criança tem confiança no fonoaudiólogo, só então ele inicia os exercícios mais avançados, sem forçar,&nbsp; deixando claro que a criança sempre será