Comandos básicos Linux
Autor: Felipe | Publicado: 2011-09-12T16:02:00-07:00

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Comandos
de manipulação de diretório

mkdir&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; cria
um diretório&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; exemplo: mkdir docs

rmdir&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
exclui um diretorio (se estiver vazio)

rm -rf&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
exclui um diretório e todo o seu conteúdo (cuidado com este comando)

cd&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
entra num diretório (exemplo: cd docs) ou retorna para HOME

cd ~&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; vai
direto para o diretório home do usuário logado.

pwd&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
exibe o local do diretório atual

ls&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
listar o conteúdo do diretório

du &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;mostra o tamanho do diretório

tree&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; mostra
a árvore de diretórios



Comandos
para manipulação de arquivos

cat&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
mostra o conteúdo de um arquivo binário ou texto

tac&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
semelhante ao cat mas inverte a ordem 

tail&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
mostra as últimas 10 linhas de um arquivo (util para ler logs)



head&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
mostra as primeiras 10 linhas de um arquivo

less&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
mostra o conteúdo de um arquivo de texto com controle

vim&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
editor de ficheiros de texto

rm&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
remoção de arquivos (também remove diretórios)

cp&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; copia
diretórios&nbsp;&nbsp; 'cp -r' copia recursivamente

mv&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; move
ou renomeia arquivos e diretórios

chmod&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
altera as permissões de arquivos ou directórios

chown&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
altera o dono de arquivos ou directórios

touch&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; cria
um arquivo 



Comandos
para administração

man&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
mostra informações sobre um comando 

adduser&nbsp;&nbsp;
adiciona usuários

addgroup&nbsp;
adiciona grupos

userdel&nbsp;&nbsp;
remove usuários

who&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
informa quem está logado no sistema

whoami&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
informa com qual usuário você está logado

passwd&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
modifica senha (password) de usuários

ps -aux&nbsp;&nbsp;
mostra todos os processos correntes no sistema

kill&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; mata
um processo

su&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
troca para o super-usuário root (é exigida a senha)





Comandos
para administração de rede

ifconfig&nbsp;&nbsp;
mostra as interfaces de redes ativas e as informações relacionadas a
cada uma delas

mtr&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
mostra rota até determinado IP

iptraf&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
analisador de trafego da rede com interface gráfica baseada em diálogos

tcpdump&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
sniffer muito popular. Sniffer é uma ferramenta que "ouve" os
pacotes 

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; que
estão passando pela rede.

traceroute traça uma rota do host local até o
destino mostrando os roteadores intermediários



apt- get UPDATE

&nbsp;-atualiza a
lista de programas disponíveis

Apt- get install instala um programa



Ls –l / more&nbsp;&nbsp;
lista pausadamente



:q! sai sem salvar 

:wq sai e salva

:w salva