Proclamação da República no Brasil
Autor: Ricardo Assis | Publicado: 2016-10-27T05:44:00-07:00



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História da Proclamação da
República, feriado do dia 15 de Novembro, crise da monarquia, Marechal Deodoro
da Fonseca, movimento republicano, história do Brasil, fim da monarquia,
democracia no Brasil



Introdução&nbsp;



No final da década de 1880, a monarquia
brasileira estava numa situação de crise, pois representava uma forma de
governo que não correspondia mais às mudanças sociais em processo. Fazia-se
necessário a implantação de uma nova forma de governo, que fosse capaz de fazer
o país progredir e avançar nas questões políticas, econômicas e sociais.



Crise da Monarquia&nbsp;



A crise do sistema monárquico brasileiro pode ser
explicada através de algumas questões:

- Interferência de D.Pedro II nos assuntos
religiosos, provocando um descontentamento na Igreja Católica;

- Críticas feitas por integrantes do Exército
Brasileiro, que não aprovavam a corrupção existente na corte. Além disso, os
militares estavam descontentes com a proibição, imposta pela Monarquia, pela
qual os oficiais do Exército não podiam se manifestar na imprensa sem uma
prévia autorização do Ministro da Guerra;

- A classe média (funcionário públicos,
profissionais liberais, jornalistas, estudantes, artistas, comerciantes) estava
crescendo nos grandes centros urbanos e desejava mais liberdade e maior
participação nos assuntos políticos do país. Identificada com os ideais
republicanos, esta classe social passou a apoiar o fim do império;

- Falta de apoio dos proprietários rurais,
principalmente dos cafeicultores do Oeste Paulista, que desejavam obter maior
poder político, já que tinham grande poder econômico;

Diante das pressões citadas, da falta de apoio
popular e das constantes críticas que partiam de vários setores sociais, o
imperador e seu governo, encontravam-se enfraquecidos e frágeis. Doente,
D.Pedro II estava cada vez mais afastado das decisões políticas do país.
Enquanto isso, o movimento republicano ganhava força no Brasil.








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A Proclamação da República&nbsp;



No dia 15 de novembro de 1889, o Marechal Deodoro
da Fonseca, com o apoio dos republicanos, demitiu o Conselho de Ministros e seu
presidente. Na noite deste mesmo dia, o marechal assinou o manifesto
proclamando a República no Brasil e instalando um governo provisório.



Após 67 anos, a monarquia chegava ao fim. No dia
18 de novembro, D.Pedro II e a família imperial partiam rumo à Europa. Tinha
início a República Brasileira com o Marechal Deodoro da Fonseca assumindo
provisoriamente o posto de presidente do Brasil. A partir de então, o pais seria
governado por um presidente escolhido pelo povo através das eleições. Foi um
grande avanço rumo a consolidação da democracia no Brasil.