A longa e sinuosa constelação Hydra, a Hidra Fêmea
Autor: Janine Milward | Publicado: 2017-02-03T04:30:00-02:00



Olá!



Caro Leitor,

a constelação da Hidra Fêmea, Hydra,&nbsp;

é composta por estrelinhas bem
tímidas

- com a boa exceção de sua estrela-alpha Alphard! -,

que vão desenhando a figura de um longo corpo

enrolando-se&nbsp;e enredilhando-se e serpenteando

&nbsp;através um longo espaço dos céus estrelados!

- quase como que realizando uma linha divisória&nbsp;

entre algumas constelações do Zodíaco

-
Virgem, Leão e Caranguejo -

(com
o Corvo e a Taça e o Sextante&nbsp;

colados
ao corpo da Hidra

voltado
para o norte)

e
constelações mais ao sul

-
Centauro, Lobo, Navio (Quilha, Popa e Vela)

(com
as constelações Máquina Pneumática (Antlia)&nbsp;

e
Bússola (Pyxis)

coladas
ao corpo da Hidra voltado para o sul)!





É sempre uma emoção
podermos visualizar a Hydra&nbsp;

por inteiro e a
olho nú...,

afinal, é maior
constelação em termos de área ocupada!



No entanto,&nbsp;

é sempre importante
que estejamos sob céus escuros e transparentes
























































e em noites de
ausência de Lua!










Stellarium










É sempre bem interessante que possamos divisar



a Cabeça da Hidra



que se posiciona um tantinho ao sul da tímida constelação do Caranguejo



- onde podemos também divisar a olho nú, usando nossa visão enviesada,



a Colmeia de Abelhas ou Presépio ou Objeto Messier 44 ou Manjedoura




ou Berçário de Estrelas!











Stellarium







A Cabeça da Hydra&nbsp;é considerada como um Asterismo&nbsp;



formado pelas estrelas Epsilon, Delta, Zeta, Ro, Eta, Sigma&nbsp;





e suas magnitudes vão desde quase 4,





passando por 5 e por 6 e 12 e ainda além.








Stellarium






Certamente, após termos divisado o objeto celeste Presépio



e, um tantinho ao sul, o Asterismo formando a cabeça da Hidra,



nos deixamos encantar diante de



o coração da Hydra sugerido pela estrela-alpha Hydrae, Alphard,



maravilhosamente amarelada/alaranjada e esmaecida&nbsp;



- porém a mais brilhante



de toda esta longa constelação!







Stellarium








Como você poderá perceber,







Caro Leitor,

a constelação da Hydra é composta por estrelinhas bem tímidas

- com a boa exceção de sua estrela-alpha Alphard, é claro! -,

que vão desenhando a figura de um longo corpo enrolando-se

e enredilhando-se através um longo espaço dos céus estrelados!









http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2013/23/video/b/still/1/







Nesta Postagem,

estaremos comentando um tantinho&nbsp;

sobre a belíssima (e tímida)&nbsp;

constelação da Hydra, a Hidra Fêmea,
&nbsp;a mais longa constelação no céu&nbsp;

e também a maior em termos de área ocupada.&nbsp;




Esta constelação é&nbsp;composta de estrelinhas&nbsp;que vão se enroscando, serpenteando através os céus estrelados

- quase como que realizando uma linha divisória

&nbsp;entre algumas constelações do Zodíaco:



A cabeça da Hydra é um asterimo&nbsp;que surge acima do equador&nbsp;

em direção à constelação de Câncer, o Caranguejo.O coração da Hydra é sugerido pela estrela-alpha Hydrae, Alphard,maravilhosamente amarelada/alaranjada e esmaecida&nbsp;- porém a mais brilhantede toda esta longa constelação!

O corpo de cobra vai serpenteando através o céu do sul,

&nbsp;começando em Câncer e tendo o Leão ao norte,&nbsp;

depois o Sextante e então a Taça e o Corvo

&nbsp;e ainda Virgem até terminar sua cauda fina em Libra, a Balança.

Ao sul, a Hydra faz seus encontros com o Cão Menor,&nbsp;

o Monoceros, a Popa do Navio, o Peixe Austral,&nbsp;

Antlia e o Centauro.









Nesta Postagem,

estaremos comentando&nbsp;

sobre a constelação da Hydra e suas estrelas.



Em Postagens seguintes,

Caro Leitor,

você encontrará informações

sobre os Obejtos Messier

encontrados nesta constelação.






(M48, M68 e M83)














No enrolar ou enredilhar do longo corpo sinuoso


&nbsp;e serpenteado da Hydra,

existe uma fantástica&nbsp;Nebulosa Planetária

&nbsp;denominada de O Fantasma de Júpiter,&nbsp;NGC 3242







Existe a belíssima imagem&nbsp;



realizada através&nbsp;a interação entre duas Galáxias,&nbsp;





uma espiral e outra elíptica





- NGC 2936 e NGC 2937 -





formando o Objeto denominado ARP 142





ora&nbsp;



chamado de Pingüim (e seu ovo)





ou



ora chamado Golfinho... ou Boto...



e também, quem sabe, figurando um passarinho....











326 milhões de anos nos separam desta maravilha!&nbsp;&nbsp;









É UMA DANÇA CÓSMICA!













Realmente, Hydra é uma constelação interessantíssima



de ser observada a olho nú



- somente em noites de céus escuros e transparentes



e de ausência da luminosidade da Lua!





E, através potentes telescópios,



Hydra é, certamente, uma constelação



que nos apresenta Objetos Celestes de tirar o fôlego!











Boa Observação e Bons Estudos!




Com um abraço estrelado,

Janine Milward










http://www.raremaps.com/gallery/detail/28800/Hydra_Stars_heightened_in_gold/Hevelius.html

ap Maker:&nbsp;Johannes&nbsp;Hevelius















Mario Jaci Monteiro - As Constelações, Cartas Celestes



&nbsp;HYDRA, A HIDRA FÊMEA




Posicionamento:

Ascensão Reta&nbsp; 8h8m / 14h58m&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Declinação +6o.8 / -35o.3



Mito:

Esta constelação representa a serpente marinha encontrada pelo Corvo&nbsp;

e usada como desculpa para que não tenha podido trazer a água na Taça&nbsp;

na missão solicitada por Apollo.



Algumas Informações Interessantes acerca esta Constelação:

Hydra é a mais longa constelação no céu e também a maior em termos de área ocupada.



Fronteiras:

&nbsp;A cabeça da Hydra surge acima do equador&nbsp;

em direção à constelação de Câncer, o Caranguejo,&nbsp;

e seu corpo de cobra vai serpenteando através o céu do sul,&nbsp;

começando em Câncer e tendo o Leão ao norte, depois o Sextante&nbsp;

e então a Taça e o Corvo e ainda Virgem&nbsp;

até terminar sua cauda fina em Libra, a Balança.&nbsp;

Ao sul, a Hydra faz seus encontros com o Cão Menor,&nbsp;

o Monoceros, a Popa do Navio, o Peixe Austral, Antlia&nbsp;

e o Centauro.







6a. Edição do&nbsp;Atlas Celeste

de autoria de&nbsp;Ronaldo Rogério de Freitas Mourão,


Editora Vozes, Petrópolis, ano de 1986








http://www.iau.org/static/public/constellations/gif/HYA.gif



Estrelas, em Hydra:



A Cabeça da Hydra&nbsp;é considerada como um Asterismo

&nbsp;formado pelas estrelas Epsilon, Delta, Zeta, Ro, Eta, Sigma&nbsp;

e suas magnitudes vão desde quase 4, passando por 5 e por 6 e 12&nbsp;

e ainda além.



Alphard.&nbsp; Alpha Hidrae

Ascensão Reta 09h 26,6m - Declinação - 08o&nbsp;35’

Magnitude visual 2,16 - distância 94 anos-luz

Uma estrela laranja no pescoço da Hidra.&nbsp; De Al Fard al Shuja,&nbsp; A Estrela Solitária na Serpente.&nbsp; Freqüentemente chama de O Coração da Hidra.



U Hydrae - Estrela Variável Irregular

Ascensão Reta 10h35m&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Declinação -13o.07

Magnitudes: Max 4,8&nbsp; Min 5,9&nbsp;&nbsp;

Tipo IRR&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Espectro N2



R Hydrae - Estrela Variável

Ascensão Reta&nbsp; 13h26m&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Declinação -23o.01

Magnitudes:&nbsp; Max 3,5&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Min&nbsp; 10,9&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Período 387,0

Tipo PLG&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Espectro M7e



W Hydrae - Estrela Variável

Ascensão Reta 13h46m&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Declinação -28o.07

Magnitudes:&nbsp; Max 6,5&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Min&nbsp;&nbsp; 8,0&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Período 380,0

Tipo&nbsp;&nbsp; PLG&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Espectro M4e




6a. Edição do&nbsp;Atlas Celeste

de autoria de&nbsp;Ronaldo Rogério de Freitas Mourão,


Editora Vozes, Petrópolis, ano de 1986










http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:HydraCC.jpg



Description
English:&nbsp;Photography of the constellation Hydra, the water snake

Deutsch:&nbsp;Fotografie des Sternbildes Hydra, der Wasserschlange

Date14 March 2004
SourceOwn work:&nbsp;AlltheSky.com
Author
Till Credner










https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydra_(constellation)




Hydra&nbsp;is the largest of the 88 modern&nbsp;constellations, measuring 1303 square degrees. Also one of the longest at over 100 degrees, its southern end abuts&nbsp;Libra&nbsp;and&nbsp;Centaurus&nbsp;and its northern end borders&nbsp;Cancer.[1]&nbsp;It has a long history, having been included among the 48 constellations listed by the 2nd century astronomer&nbsp;Ptolemy. It is commonly represented as a&nbsp;water snake. It should not be confused with the similarly named constellation of&nbsp;Hydrus.





Features





The constellation Hydra as it can be seen by the naked eye.



Stars

Despite its size, Hydra contains only one reasonably bright&nbsp;star,&nbsp;Alphard, designated Alpha Hydrae. It is an&nbsp;orange giant&nbsp;of magnitude 2.0, 177 light-years from Earth. Its traditional name means "the solitary one".&nbsp;Beta Hydrae&nbsp;is a blue-white star of magnitude 4.3, 365 light-years from Earth.&nbsp;Gamma Hydrae&nbsp;is a&nbsp;yellow giant&nbsp;of magnitude 3.0, 132 light-years from Earth.[1]

Hydra has one bright&nbsp;binary star,&nbsp;Epsilon Hydrae, which is difficult to split in amateur telescopes; it has a period of 1000 years and is 135 light-years from Earth. The primary is a yellow star of magnitude 3.4 and the secondary is a blue star of magnitude 6.7. However, there are several dimmer double stars and binary stars in Hydra.&nbsp;27 Hydrae&nbsp;is a triple star with two components visible in binoculars and three visible in small amateur telescopes. The primary is a white star of magnitude 4.8, 244 light-years from Earth. The secondary, a binary star, appears in binoculars at magnitude 7.0 but is composed of a magnitude 7 and a magnitude 11 star; it is 202 light-years from Earth. 54 Hydrae is a binary star 99 light-years from Earth, easily divisible in small amateur telescopes. The primary is a yellow star of magnitude 5.3 and the secondary is a purple star of magnitude 7.4.[1]&nbsp;N Hydrae (N Hya) is a pair of stars of magnitudes 5.8 and 5.9. Struve 1270 (Σ1270) consists of a pair of stars, magnitudes 6.4 and 7.4.

The other main named star in Hydra is Sigma, σ, Hydrae, which also has the name of Minaruja, from the&nbsp;Arabic&nbsp;for snake's nose. At magnitude 4.54, it is rather dim. The head of the snake corresponds to the&nbsp;Āshleshā&nbsp;nakshatra, the lunar zodiacal constellation in Indian astronomy.

Hydra is also home to several&nbsp;variable stars.&nbsp;R Hydrae&nbsp;is a&nbsp;Mira variable&nbsp;star 2000 light-years from Earth; it is one of the brightest Mira variables at its maximum of magnitude 3.5. It has a minimum magnitude of 10 and a period of 390 days.&nbsp;V Hydrae&nbsp;is an unusually vivid red variable star 20,000 light-years from Earth. It varies in magnitude from a minimum of 9.0 to a maximum of 6.6. Along with its notable color, V Hydrae is also home to at least two&nbsp;exoplanets.[2]&nbsp;U Hydrae&nbsp;is a semi-regular variable star with a deep red color, 528 light-years from Earth. It has a minimum magnitude of 6.6 and a maximum magnitude of 4.2; its period is 115 days.[1]

The constellation also contains the radio source Hydra A.

Deep-sky objects





Planetary nebula&nbsp;Abell 33&nbsp;captured using&nbsp;ESO's&nbsp;Very Large Telescope.[3]







Elliptical galaxy called&nbsp;NGC 3923.[4]



Hydra contains three&nbsp;Messier objects.&nbsp;M83, also known as the Southern Pinwheel Galaxy, is located on the border of Hydra and&nbsp;Centaurus,&nbsp;M68&nbsp;is a&nbsp;globular cluster&nbsp;near M83, and&nbsp;M48&nbsp;is an&nbsp;open star cluster&nbsp;in the western end of the serpent.[1]

NGC 3242&nbsp;is a&nbsp;planetary nebula&nbsp;of magnitude 7.5, 1400 light-years from Earth.[5]&nbsp;Discovered in 1785 by&nbsp;William Herschel, it has earned the nickname "Ghost of&nbsp;Jupiter" because of its striking resemblance to the giant planet.[6]&nbsp;Its blue-green disk is visible in small telescopes and its halo is visible in larger instruments.[1]

M48&nbsp;(NGC 2548) is an open cluster that is visible to the naked eye under dark skies. Its shape has been described as "triangular"; this 80-star cluster is unusually large, more than half a degree in diameter, larger than the diameter of the&nbsp;full Moon.[1]





Ancient&nbsp;globular cluster&nbsp;NGC 6535.[7]



There are several globular clusters in Hydra.&nbsp;M68&nbsp;(NGC 4590) is a globular cluster visible in binoculars and resolvable in medium amateur telescopes. It is 31,000 light-years from Earth and of the 8th magnitude.[1]&nbsp;NGC 5694&nbsp;is a&nbsp;globular cluster&nbsp;of magnitude 10.2, 105,000 light-years from Earth. Also called "Tombaugh's Globular Cluster", it is a Shapley class VII cluster; the classification indicates that it has intermediate concentration at its nucleus. Though it was discovered as a non-stellar object in 1784 by&nbsp;William Herschel, its status as a globular cluster was not ascertained until 1932, when&nbsp;Clyde Tombaugh&nbsp;looked at photographic plates taken of the region near&nbsp;Pi Hydrae&nbsp;on 12 May 1931.[8]

M83&nbsp;(NGC 5236), the Southern Pinwheel Galaxy, is an 8th magnitude face-on&nbsp;spiral galaxy.[1]&nbsp;It is easily observed in skies south of 40°N latitude, found by using&nbsp;1,&nbsp;2,&nbsp;3, and&nbsp;4 Centauri&nbsp;as guide stars.[9]&nbsp;It has been host to six&nbsp;supernovae, more than any&nbsp;Messier object. Large amateur telescopes - above 12 inches&nbsp;aperture&nbsp;- reveal its spiral arms,&nbsp;bar, and small, bright nucleus.[1][9]&nbsp;In a medium-sized amateur instrument, around 8 inches in aperture, the spiral arms become visible under good conditions. It is not perfectly symmetrical in the eyepiece, rather, the northwest side is flattened and the nucleus has a southwest-to-northeast bar. A smaller sister to the Milky Way, it is a&nbsp;grand design spiral galaxy&nbsp;40,000 light-years across.[9]





NGC 2865&nbsp;is relatively youthful and dynamic, with a rapidly rotating disc full of young stars and metal-rich gas.[10]



There are many other galaxies located in Hydra.&nbsp;NGC 3314, usually delineated as NGC 3314a and NGC 3314b, is a pair of galaxies that appear superimposed, despite the fact that they are not related or interacting in any way. The foreground galaxy, NGC 3314a, is at a distance of 140 million light-years, and is a face-on spiral galaxy. The background galaxy, NGC 3314b, is an oblique spiral galaxy, and has a nucleus that appears reddened because of NGC 3314a's dusty disk.[11]&nbsp;ESO 510-G13&nbsp;is a warped&nbsp;spiral galaxy&nbsp;located 150 million light-years from Earth. Though most galactic disks are flat because of their rate of rotation, their conformation can be changed, as is the case with this galaxy. Astronomers speculate that this is due to&nbsp;interactions&nbsp;with other galaxies.[12]&nbsp;NGC 5068&nbsp;may be a member of the M83 group, but its identity is disputed. It has a low surface brightness and has a diameter of 4.5 arcminutes. It is not perfectly circular, rather, it is elliptical and oriented on a west-northwest/east-southeast axis. However, it is of fairly uniform brightness throughout.[13]

Meteor showers[edit]

The&nbsp;Sigma Hydrids&nbsp;peak on December 6 and are a very active shower with an unknown parent body.[14]&nbsp;The&nbsp;Alpha Hydrids&nbsp;are a minor shower that peaks between January 1 and 7.[15]

History and mythology

Western mythology





Hydra and surrounding constellations, from&nbsp;Urania's Mirror&nbsp;(1825).



The Greek constellation of Hydra is an adaptation of a&nbsp;Babylonian constellation: the&nbsp;MUL.APIN&nbsp;includes a "serpent" constellation (MUL.DINGIR.MUŠ) that loosely corresponds to Hydra. It is one of two Babylonian "serpent" constellations (the other being the origin of the Greek&nbsp;Serpens), a&nbsp;mythological hybrid&nbsp;of serpent, lion and bird.[16]

The shape of Hydra resembles a twisting&nbsp;snake, and features as such in some Greek myths. One myth associates it with a water snake that a&nbsp;crow&nbsp;served&nbsp;Apollo&nbsp;in a cup when it was sent to fetch water; Apollo saw through the fraud, and angrily cast the crow, cup, and snake, into the sky. It is also associated with the monster&nbsp;Hydra, with its many heads, killed by&nbsp;Hercules, represented in&nbsp;another constellation.[17]&nbsp;According to legend, if one of the hydra's heads was cut off, two more would grow in its place. However, Hercules burned out the roots of the heads he severed to prevent them from growing again, and thus overcame the hydra.[18]

Mythology and equivalents in other cultures

In Hindu Mythology the star that equivalents Hydra is&nbsp;Ashlesha.[19]&nbsp;In&nbsp;Chinese astronomy, the stars that correspond to Hydra are located within the&nbsp;Vermilion Bird&nbsp;and the&nbsp;Azure Dragon. In&nbsp;Japanese&nbsp;culture, the stars are known as Nuriko.[citation needed]


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydra_(constellation)








 

  
  
  
   

    
    
Star Names&nbsp;
    Their Lore and Meaning&nbsp;
    by&nbsp;
    Richard Hinckley Allen&nbsp;
    as reprinted&nbsp;
    in the Dover edition, 1963

The text is in the public domain.



    
    
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http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Topics/astronomy/_Texts/secondary/ALLSTA/Hydra*.html

 


p246



 

  
  
Close by the Serpent spreads; whose winding Spires

With ordered stars resemble scaly Fires.

Creech's&nbsp;Manilius.

 



Hydra, the Water-snake,

is the French&nbsp;Hydre, the German&nbsp;Grosse
Wasserschlange, and the Italian&nbsp;Idra, and may be
classed among the Argonautic constellations, as it was said to represent the&nbsp;Dragon of
Aetes.

p247Its stars are
now well defined under this single title, but anciently were described, with
their riders&nbsp;Corvus&nbsp;and&nbsp;Crater, as Ovid&nbsp;[Fasti,&nbsp;II.266]&nbsp;wrote:



 

  
  
Anguis,
  Avis, Crater, sidera juncta micant.

 



This
continued to the 18th century, Flamsteed and other early astronomers making of
them even four divisions,&nbsp;Hydra,&nbsp;Hydra et
Crater,&nbsp;Hydra et
Corvus, and&nbsp;Continuatio
Hydrae.&nbsp;Nepa&nbsp;and&nbsp;Nepas, originally
African words for the terrestrial crab and scorpion, seem also to have been
used for this constellation in classic times.



Aratos called
it&nbsp;Ὕδρη; Eratosthenes, Hipparchos, and Geminos,&nbsp;῾Ύδρος, the&nbsp;Hydros&nbsp;of
Germanicus, while others wrote it&nbsp;Ὕδρα; but Eratosthenes again
had it all under&nbsp;Κόραξ, and Hipparchos also used&nbsp;Δράκων.



In Low Latin
it has been&nbsp;Hidra,&nbsp;Idra, and&nbsp;Ydra; and, in the&nbsp;Almagest&nbsp;of&nbsp;1551,&nbsp;Hydrus&nbsp;in the
masculine, which, correct enough before Bayer's day, would now confound it with
the new southern figure. Riccioli, and Hyde in his translation of Ulug Beg's
catalogue, had it thus, showing its continuance till then as a common title,
although often written&nbsp;Idrus&nbsp;and&nbsp;Idrus
aquaticus, as well as
changed to&nbsp;Serpens aquaticus.



Other names, also
used for the northern Dragon, have been&nbsp;Draco,&nbsp;Asiua, and&nbsp;Asuia, or&nbsp;Asvia, which Bayer
referred to as&nbsp;ἀσούγια&nbsp;non&nbsp;ἀσβία; but these are not Greek
words, and doubtless are from&nbsp;Al&nbsp;Shujāʽ, the Snake, transformed, as only the late
mediaeval astronomical writers and their immediate successors could transform
classical and Arabic terms into their Low Latin and Greek; Chilmead wrote it&nbsp;Alsugahh. Still
another conception and title may be seen in the&nbsp;Arabo-Latin
Almagest's&nbsp;Stellatio Ydre: et est species serpentium;
et jam nominatur Asiua. secur᾽; where the
last word, if an abbreviation for&nbsp;securis,
"ax," seems not inappropriate when taking the western half of Hydra
for a somewhat crooked handle, and Corvus for the ax-head. The&nbsp;Asina, or She Ass,
which La&nbsp;Lande mentioned, is probably a continuation of some early type
error in the barbarous&nbsp;Asiua.



Coluber, the Snake, and&nbsp;Echidna, the Viper,
also obtain for Hydra, with the adjectives&nbsp;Furiosus,&nbsp;Magnanimus, and&nbsp;Sublimatus, here used
as proper nouns, as they were for Orion. The Arabians similarly called it&nbsp;Al&nbsp;Ḥayyah, another of
their words for a snake, —&nbsp;El&nbsp;Havic&nbsp;in Riccioli'sNew
Almagest.



Its
representation has generally been as we have it, but the&nbsp;Hyginus&nbsp;of&nbsp;1488
added a tree in whose branches the Hydra's head is resting; probably a
recollection of the dragon that guarded the apple-trees of the Hesperides,
although this duty really belonged to our&nbsp;Draco; and at
times it has been shown as three-headed. Map-makers have always figured it in
its present form, the Cup resting midway on its back, with the Raven peckingp248at one of its
folds; Hydra preventing the latter's access to the Cup in punishment for its
tattling about Coronis; or for its delay in Apollo's service. The minor
constellation&nbsp;Turdus, or&nbsp;Noctua, only
recently has been added to it.



Those who saw
biblical symbols among the stars called Hydra the&nbsp;Flood; Corvus,&nbsp;Noah's Raven; and Crater,
the&nbsp;Cup&nbsp;"out of
which the patriarch sinned"; but Julius Schiller said that the whole
represented the&nbsp;River Jordan.



The 7th&nbsp;sieu,&nbsp;Lieu, a Willow
Branch, or&nbsp;Liu, a Circular Garland, — was
the creature's head, 15°&nbsp;south of Praesaepe,&nbsp;δ&nbsp;being
the determinant, and formed the beak of the Red Bird; it governed the planets
and was worshiped at festivals of the summer solstice as an emblem of
immortality.



Here, too,
was the 7th&nbsp;nakshatra,&nbsp;Āçleshā, or&nbsp;Āçreshā, the
Embracer, figured as a&nbsp;Wheel, with Sarpas,
the Serpents, as presiding divinities;ε&nbsp;marking the junction
with the&nbsp;nakshatra&nbsp;Maghā.



The 8th&nbsp;sieu,&nbsp;Sing, a Star,
anciently&nbsp;Tah, was formed by&nbsp;α,&nbsp;σ, and&nbsp;τ, with others
smaller lying near them,&nbsp;α&nbsp;being
the determinant. This asterism constituted the neck of the Red Bird, and,
Edkins asserts, was also known as the&nbsp;Seven Stars.

The 9th&nbsp;sieu&nbsp;consisted of&nbsp;κ,&nbsp;υ1,&nbsp;υ2,&nbsp;λ,&nbsp;μ,&nbsp;φ, and another
unascertained, and was called&nbsp;Chang&nbsp;or&nbsp;Tchang, a Drawn
Bow, — Brown says "ancientlyTjung, the
Archer," —&nbsp;υ1&nbsp;being the determinant;
the god Chang using this bow to slay the Sky Dog, our Crater. The stars between
Corvus and Crater were&nbsp;Kien Mun, and those
between&nbsp;γ&nbsp;Hydrae and Spica of
the Virgin were&nbsp;Tien Mun, Heaven's Gate. These lie
beyond the outlines of the Virgin's robe on the Heis map, but on Burritt's are
included in the tip of her left wing.



Hydra is
supposed to be the snake shown on a uranographic stone from the Euphrates,
of&nbsp;1200&nbsp;B.C., "identified with the source of the fountains
of the great deep," and one of the several sky symbols of the great dragon
Tiāmat. Certain stars near, or perhaps in the tip of Hydra's tail and in Libra,
seem to have been the Akkadian&nbsp;En‑te-na-mas‑luv, or&nbsp;En‑te-na-mas‑mur, the
Assyrian&nbsp;Etsen-tsiri, the Tail-tip.



Theon said
that the Egyptians considered it the sky representative of the&nbsp;Nile, and gave it
their name for that river.



After
Al&nbsp;Sufi's day, in our 10th&nbsp;century, the figure was much lengthened,
and now stretches for nearly&nbsp;95° in a winding course from Cancer to
Scorpio; this well agreeing with the fable of its immense marine prototype, the
Scandinavian Kraken. Conrad Gesner, the 16th‑century naturalist, gave an
illustration of this in its apparently successful attack upon the ship Argo.&nbsp;p249The
constellation cannot be seen in its entirety till Crater is on the meridian.
Argelander enumerates in it 75&nbsp;stars; Heis,&nbsp;153.



For an
unknown period its winding course symbolized that of the moon; hence the
latter's nodes are called the Dragon's Head and Tail. When a comet was in them
poison was thought to be scattered by it over the world; but these fanciful
ideas are now associated with Draco.

Al&nbsp;Sufi
mentioned an early Arab figure,&nbsp;Al&nbsp;Ḣail, the Horse,
formed from stars some of which now belong to our Hydra, but more to&nbsp;Leo&nbsp;andSextans.



 

  
  
The Water-serpent's gleaming bend.

Brown's&nbsp;Aratos.

 



α,&nbsp;2,
orange.

Alphard,&nbsp;Alfard, and&nbsp;Alpherd, —&nbsp;Alphart&nbsp;in the&nbsp;Alfonsine
Tables&nbsp;and&nbsp;Pherd&nbsp;with Hyde, —
are from&nbsp;Al&nbsp;Fard al&nbsp;Shujāʽ, the Solitary One in the Serpent, well describing
its position in the sky. Caesius gave&nbsp;Alpharad, which on
the Reuter wall-map was&nbsp;Alphrad; and a still
more changed title is&nbsp;Alphora. The Arabs
also knew&nbsp;α&nbsp;as&nbsp;Al&nbsp;Faḳār
al&nbsp;Shujāʽ, the
Backbone of the Serpent; but Ulug Beg changed this to&nbsp;Al&nbsp;ʽUnk
al&nbsp;Shujāʽ, the
Serpent's Neck; and its shared the Suhel of other bright stars as&nbsp;Suhel
al&nbsp;Fard, and&nbsp;Suhel al&nbsp;Shām, the
Solitary, and the Northern, Suhail.



Tycho first
called it&nbsp;Cor Hydrae, the Hydra's Heart, —
Riccioli's&nbsp;Kalb Elhavich&nbsp;and&nbsp;Kalbelaphard, — which,
with the alternative&nbsp;Collum Hydrae, the Hydra's Neck, is
current even now.



In China it
determined the 8th&nbsp;sieu, and was the
prominent star of the Red Bird that combined the seven lunar divisions of the
southern quarter of the heavens. Its longitude is said to have been ascertained
there in the 19th&nbsp;century before our era, but the statement may be
questionable; as also it was observed passing the meridian at sunset on the day
of the vernal equinox during the time of the emperor Yao, about 2350&nbsp;B.C.&nbsp;It culminates
on the 26th of March.



β&nbsp;and&nbsp;ξ&nbsp;were the
Chinese&nbsp;Tsing Kew, the Green Hill.



δ,&nbsp;ε,&nbsp;ζ,&nbsp;η,&nbsp;ρ, and&nbsp;σ,
3d&nbsp;to&nbsp;5th&nbsp;magnitudes, on the head, were Ulug Beg's&nbsp;Min
al&nbsp;Azʽal, Belonging
to the Uninhabited Spot.



ε&nbsp;is a remarkable
triple, — an 8th‑magnitude 3½ʺ&nbsp;from a 3.8‑magnitude, the latter divided by
Schiaparelli, in&nbsp;1892, into two of nearly equal brightness
0ʺ.2&nbsp;apart, — which probably form a rapid ternary system.



ι,&nbsp;a&nbsp;4th‑magnitude,
was the Chinese&nbsp;Ping Sing, a Tranquil Star.



κ,&nbsp;a&nbsp;5th‑magnitude,
and the stars of about the same brilliancy extending from it to&nbsp;β, with&nbsp;β&nbsp;Crateris,
were Al&nbsp;Sufi's&nbsp;Al&nbsp;Sharāsīf, the Ribs.



p250σ,&nbsp;4.6,
was Ulug Beg's&nbsp;Al&nbsp;Minḣar
al&nbsp;Shujāʽ, the Snake's
Nose.



τ1,&nbsp;4.9,
flushed white, and&nbsp;τ2, lilac,
with&nbsp;ι&nbsp;and the 5th‑magnitude&nbsp;A, form the
curve in the neck, Ptolemy's&nbsp;Καμπή; but Kazwini knew them asʽUḳdah, the Knot.










































































http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Topics/astronomy/_Texts/secondary/ALLSTA/Hydra*.html











Por Hydra_constellation_map.png: Torsten Brongerderivative work: Kxx (talk) - Hydra_constellation_map.png, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=10840093














Os desenhos formados pelas estrelas&nbsp;

- as constelações -

são como janelas que se abrem para a infinitude do universo&nbsp;

e que possibilitam nossa mente a ir percebendo&nbsp;

que existe mais, bem mais,&nbsp;

entre o céu e a terra... &nbsp;

bem como percebendo que o caos,&nbsp;

vagarosamente,&nbsp;

vai se tornando Cosmos&nbsp;

e sendo por nossa mente conscientizado.&nbsp;&nbsp;







Quer dizer,&nbsp;

nossa mente é tão infinita quanto infinito é o Cosmos.










COM UM ABRAÇO ESTRELADO,



Janine Milward











VISITE MINHA PÁGINA

DA TERRA AO CÉU E AO INFINITO

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