Estudando o DNA de forma criativa e deliciosa...
Autor: Escola Municipal Miguel Couto | Publicado: 2012-10-18T11:59:00-07:00

Você sabe o que é o DNA ??&nbsp; A turma da professora Carmem Lúcia descobriu de forma muito criativa e prazerosa.&nbsp; Através da sugestão do Caderno Pedagógico, confeccionaram a sequência do DNA com jujubas coloridas, arame, barbante e palitos.









CLIQUE AQUI E VEJA AS FOTOS DA CONFECÇÃO DO DNA



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Há mais de 50 anos foi
descoberto que o DNA é o material que compõe os genes, embora já soubessem que
os genes estão nos cromossomos.&nbsp;



O ácido
desoxirribonucleico (ADN
), é um composto &nbsp;orgânico cujas moléculas
contêm as instruções genéticas que coordenam o desenvolvimento e funcionamento
de todos os seres vivos e alguns vírus. O seu principal papel é armazenar as
informações necessárias para a construção das proteínas. Os segmentos de ADN
que contêm a &nbsp;informação genética são
denominados genes. O restante da sequência de ADN tem importância estrutural ou
está envolvido na regulação do uso da informação genética.

&nbsp;&nbsp;

Quem descobriu o DNA
foi um cientista suíço chamado Johann Friedrich Miescher, no século
XIX.&nbsp; Johann trabalhou com o núcleo de
leucócitos retirados do pus de ataduras de ferimentos infeccionados e
identificou uma substância desconhecida, que possuía nitrogênio &nbsp;e fósforo na composição. &nbsp;&nbsp;Após algumas pesquisas, ele verificou que
esta substância descoberta era ácida e estava presente em todos os núcleos
celulares, e que havia dois tipos de ácidos, uma ribose e uma desoxirribose.



Em 1953 o biólogo
norte-americano James D. Watson e o físico inglês H.C. Crick propuseram o
modelo da dupla hélice do DNA, respondendo que a duplicação ocorre pela
formação de uma cadeia complementar a partir da separação das duas fitas, e
este processo é chamado de duplicação semi - conservativa, pois conserva 50% do
DNA da célula mãe, utilizando uma das fitas com molde para a duplicação.



Para que essa
duplicação ocorra, as pontes de hidrogênio se desfazem para as cadeias se
separarem. Após esta separação, que ocorre com a ajuda de enzimas, uma nova
cadeia começa a ser formada, chamada cadeia complementar, com a ajuda da enzima
DNA-polimerase. A adenina sempre emparelha com a timina, e a guanina sempre
emparelha com a citosina na fita de DNA, no RNA a adenina emparelha com a
uracila. No final do processo temos duas fitas idênticas.