Bases da regularização fundiária sustentável
Autor: Elaine Andrade | Publicado: 2012-05-16T12:13:00-07:00

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Regularização Fundiária Urbana



Regularização fundiária é o processo que inclui medidas
jurídicas, urbanísticas, ambientais e sociais, com a finalidade de integrar
assentamentos irregulares ao contexto legal das cidades. Os assentamentos
representam normalmente dois tipos de irregularidade fundiária: dominial (quando
o possuidor ocupa uma terra privada) e urbanística ambiental (quando o
parcelamento não está de acordo com a legislação urbanística e ambiental, e não
foi devidamente licenciado). 

Esse tipo de irregularidade, em muitos casos, está associado
à população de baixa renda. Significa estar em condição de insegurança
permanentemente. A regularização interfere positivamente na gestão urbana,
pois, quando regularizados, os assentamentos passam a fazer parte dos cadastros
municipais. 

A Lei federal 11.977/2009 dispõe sobre a regularização
fundiária em áreas urbanas de maneira abrangente. 

Abaixo, estão citados alguns avanços na lei, de forma a
melhorar o processo de regularização: 

·&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
definição de competências e responsabilidades
dos municípios para disciplinar os processos de regularização fundiária dentro
dos limites territoriais. 

·&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
Diferenciação entre regularização fundiária de
interesse social e de interesse específico. 

1.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
Social: Aplica-se a assentamentos irregulares
ocupados por população de baixa renda

2.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
Específico: Assentamentos não enquadrados como
interesse social 

·&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
Obrigatoriedade de elaboração de projeto 

·&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
Demarcação urbanística e legitimação de posse,
que agilizam os processos de regularização fundiária.





Processo de
Regularização Fundiária



Para que ocorra a regularização é necessário caracterizar os
aspectos físicos, urbanísticos e sociais, obtidos com a leitura técnica. 

Existem também as ferramentas do processo de regularização
fundiária, como a legislação e o zoneamento do território. A pesquisa
fundiária, levantamento topográfico e pesquisa social são importantes para
comprovar o nível de informalidade e interesse social da regularização. 

No levantamento topográfico estão inclusas informações como:
limites do terreno, formas de uso e ocupação, cursos d’água existentes,
vegetação, sistema viário, infra-estrutura já implantada. Nessa etapa de
levantamentos, o uso do GPS e Georreferenciamento, se tornam importantes para
melhor precisão e facilidade na execução do trabalho.