O Que é Diversidade Sexual?
Autor: Blog TOTAL INFORMÁTICA | Publicado: 2014-01-11T23:50:00-03:00














Diversidade Sexual é o termo
usado para designar as várias formas de expressão da sexualidade humana.

Para&nbsp;pensar a Diversidade Sexual&nbsp;é preciso reconhecer que, apesar da
semelhança biológica, a vida social de cada um(a) é diferente uma das outras,
assim como as famílias, a turma da escola, os(as) amigos(as), vinhos(as),
crenças religiosas, ou ainda todas as questões sócias e culturais de um pais
inteiro.&nbsp;&nbsp;Reconhecer a complexidade das relações entre as pessoas,
suas diversidades e costumes, línguas, culturas, etnias e a própria diversidade
de vivências é o primeiro passo para entender a diversidade sexual.

&nbsp;&nbsp;

Portanto, podemos&nbsp;entender
a&nbsp;Diversidade Sexual&nbsp;não somente como as práticas
sexuais, mas como&nbsp;todos os elementos que compõem a sexualidade humana, de
forma ampla, ou seja, nossas vivências – sexuais ou não; nossas práticas
habituais que aprendemos e incorporamos ao longo da vida, nossos desejos e
afetos, nossos comportamentos e&nbsp;maneiras como&nbsp;vemos a nós mesmos e
nos mostramos para os outros.







O grande desafio da diversidade sexual
é fazer-se compreender pela sociedade, não como uma ameaça, mas como uma
pluralidade existente na condição humana que enriquece o mundo. No fundo, as
pessoas querem ser elas mesmas, reconhecidas e aceitas pelos outros.


A visibilização dos homossexuais, e a
sua organização como movimento social, já usou diversas siglas: Gay (termo
anterior a homossexual, que evoca alegria e autoestima), MHB (Movimento
Homossexual Brasileiro), HSH (Homens que fazem sexo com homens – sigla ainda
utilizada em saúde pública), GLS (Gays, Lésbicas e Simpatizantes – sigla
adotada pelo mercado) e LGBT (Lésbicas, Gays, Bissexuais, Travestis e
Transexuais), a mais recente. Há tendências de se acrescentar o ‘I’, de
intersexual, para os hermafroditas. O termo diversidade sexual é uma maneira de
englobar esta crescente pluralidade, embora com imprecisão.



Para
a compreensão deste tema, é ainda importante ter em conta três aspetos
fundamentais:

1 - Os aspetos biológicos (a pessoa nasce com um pénis ou com uma vagina);

2 - Os
aspetos de identificação sexual (a pessoa sente-se homem ou mulher);

3 - O
s aspetos de orientação sexual (a pessoa sente-se atraída por homens, por
mulheres ou por ambos).



2 - Identidade Sexual: conjunto de características sexuais que diferenciam cada
pessoa das demais e que se expressam pelas preferências sexuais, sentimentos ou
atitudes em relação ao sexo. É o sentimento de masculinidade ou feminilidade
que acompanha a pessoa ao longo da vida. Nem sempre está de acordo com o sexo
biológico ou com a genitália da pessoa.



3 - Orientação Sexual: atração afetiva e/ou sexual que uma pessoa sente pela
outra.

Existem
vários tipos de orientações sexuais:



<!--[if !supportLists]-->&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <!--[endif]-->Heterossexualidade;

<!--[if !supportLists]-->&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <!--[endif]-->Homossexualidade;

<!--[if !supportLists]-->&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <!--[endif]-->Bissexualidade;

<!--[if !supportLists]-->&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <!--[endif]-->Transexualidade; 

<!--[if !supportLists]-->&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <!--[endif]-->Travestismo; 

<!--[if !supportLists]-->&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <!--[endif]-->Assexualidade;

<!--[if !supportLists]-->&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <!--[endif]-->Pansexualidade;

<!--[if !supportLists]-->&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <!--[endif]-->Metrossexualismo.



A heterossexualidade








Os heterossexuais são pessoas que
sentem atração física ou emocional pelo sexo oposto, ou seja, o sexo masculino
pelo sexo feminino e vice-versa. – A heterossexualidade é apenas uma entre outras formas de
sexualidade – legitimou-se amplamente na sociedade – em vista da associação
entre sexo e procriação.



A homossexualidade








A&nbsp;homossexualidade&nbsp;é definida como a preferência sexual por
indivíduos do mesmo sexo. Homossexuais são aquelas pessoas que sentem atração
física ou emocional por pessoas do mesmo sexo. Ou seja, um homem por outro
homem e uma mulher por outra mulher. Os homens são geralmente designados por
gays e as mulheres por lésbicas.


A bissexualidade














A&nbsp;bissexualidade&nbsp;consiste
na atração física e/ou emocional por pessoas tanto do mesmo sexo quanto do sexo
oposto, com níveis variantes de interesse por cada um.


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Transexualidade



Transexuais – é o homem
ou a mulher que desde que nasce e não se sente confortável com seu sexo
biológico e faz cirurgias plásticas e usa hormônios para se adequar
sexualmente. Alguns até mudam o sexo na identidade/outros documentos.












Os dois parecem como qualquer outro casal de adolescentes desfrutando do verão, e quase ninguém acredita que há dois anos eram ambos do sexo oposto.&nbsp;




Arin Andrews, é um jovem de 17 anos, que antes era uma garota chamada Emerald; sua namorada Kate Hill, de 19 anos, antes era um garoto chamado Luke, que se&nbsp;conheceram&nbsp;há dois anos durante uma palestra de apoio para adolescentes transexuais em seu processo de transição sexual e se apaixonaram.


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Travestismo 



Travestis - é o homem ou mulher que se veste com roupas do sexo oposto
para se parecer mais com o que quer ser realmente.
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Gênero

Conjunto de
representações sociais e culturais construídas a partir da diferença biológica
dos sexos; construção social do masculino e feminino.

Para Grossi (2005),
Gênero é uma construção cultural, processado na educação formal e informal de
homens e mulheres, contrariamente do senso comum, a qual compreende que
biologicamente o sexo, por si só, determina os comportamentos masculinos e
femininos.



Gênero / Sexo

Gênero: Maneira que as diferenças entre mulheres e homens assumem nas diferentes sociedades,
no transcorrer da história.

Sexo: Diferenças anátomo-fisiológicas existentes entre os homens e as mulheres.



Identidade de gênero

<!--[if !supportLists]-->•&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
<!--[endif]-->Refere-se à
experiência interna e individual do gênero de cada pessoa – pode ou não
corresponder ao sexo atribuído no nascimento

<!--[if !supportLists]-->•&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
<!--[endif]-->Trata-se da
forma que nos vemos e queremos ser vistos – reconhecidos e respeitados – como
homens ou como mulheres

<!--[if !supportLists]-->•&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
<!--[endif]-->Um exemplo: os
transexuais sentem-se como mulher (identidade de gênero) – mas seu
comportamento pode ser masculino (papel de gênero) 



Papel de gênero

<!--[if !supportLists]-->•&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
<!--[endif]-->Nosso
comportamento diante das demais pessoas e da sociedade como um todo -

“Um modo de ser” – masculino ou feminino

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; É preciso haver uma
perfeita sintonia entre o que sentimos e nossa maneira de agir – do contrário –
surgirá um conflito entre a nossa identidade de gênero e o papel que
desempenhamos

As Normas de Gênero

<!--[if !supportLists]-->•&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
<!--[endif]-->Influenciam
fortemente o comportamento sexual – estabelecem&nbsp;
um modelo dominante de masculinidade e de feminilidade

<!--[if !supportLists]-->•&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
<!--[endif]-->O modelo
heterossexual de família – baseado numa divisão sexual do trabalho doméstico –
ainda é predominante


<!--[if !supportLists]-->•&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
<!--[endif]-->As normas de
gênero expressam os costumes de um dado momento histórico e por isso podem
sofrer mudanças




Bandeira Arco-íris



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<![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><!--[endif]-->




A Bandeira arco-íris representa a
comunidade homossexual e tornou-se o seu principal símbolo. Foi desenhado pelo
artista plástico Gilbert Baker, em 1977.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; A&nbsp;Bandeira
arco-íris&nbsp;é uma&nbsp;bandeira&nbsp;composta por seis cores que representa
a diversidade sexual humana.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; A bandeira é utilizada nos
desfiles de homossexuais (que se fazem principalmente no Brasil mas que também
se verificam noutros países) ou na identificação de&nbsp; bares, restaurantes e lojas com predominância
do público homossexual ou que recebem esses clientes sem nenhum tipo de
preconceito.&nbsp; 

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; A Bandeira arco-íris tem seis
cores que têm significados diferentes:

<!--[if !supportLists]-->v <!--[endif]-->Vermelho significa a luz;

<!--[if !supportLists]-->v <!--[endif]-->Laranja significa a cura;

<!--[if !supportLists]-->v <!--[endif]-->Amarelo significa o sol;

<!--[if !supportLists]-->v <!--[endif]-->Verde significa a calma;

<!--[if !supportLists]-->v <!--[endif]-->Azul significa a arte;






















<!--[if !supportLists]-->v <!--[endif]-->Lilás significa o
espírito.