Trabalhando as operações aritméticas
Autor: Paula Oliveira | Publicado: 2011-12-11T10:16:00-03:00




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Por que os
PCNs propõem o trabalho em conjunto com as operações adição-subtração

multiplicação-divisão?



Devemos
considerar que a aprendizagem das operações aritméticas não deve ocorrer de
forma linear, dispondo-as em uma determinada ordem onde viria a adição, depois
a subtração, em seguida a multiplicação e por fim a divisão. O trabalho deve
ser realizado agrupando as operações que formam um mesmo campo conceitual,
tendo no campo aditivo: a adição e subtração e mo campo multiplicativo a
multiplicação e divisão. 

A relevância
de se trabalhar através do conjunto dessas operações se faz devido a
possibilitar operações mentais inversas, onde a partir de um determinado
problema decorrem várias outras situações-problema possibilitando a construção
do domínio das relações entre as operações contidas no mesmo campo conceitual,
seja aditivo ou multiplicativo.

De acordo com
os PCNs a construção dos diferentes significados leva tempo e ocorre pela
descoberta de diferentes procedimentos de solução.

Ao denotar
tais considerações, pode-se concluir que os problemas cumprem um importante
papel no sentido de propiciar as oportunidades para as crianças, ao interagirem
com os diferentes significados das operações, levando-as a reconhecer que um
mesmo problema pode ser resolvido por diferentes operações, assim como uma
mesma operação pode estar associada a diferentes problemas.





Uum
problema para cada significado das operações adição e subtração

.

·&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
Situações ligadas à idéia de “juntar”



ü&nbsp;
Em uma cesta tem
13 laranjas maduras e 9 verdes. Quantas laranjas são?

ü&nbsp;
Em uma cesta
há algumas laranjas verdes e 13 maduras, no total são 22 laranjas. Quantas
laranjas verdes tem?

ü&nbsp;
Em uma cesta
com 22 laranjas, 9 são verdes. Quantas são maduras?



·&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
Situações ligadas à idéia de transformação



ü&nbsp;
Carlos comprou
25 bolas de gude. Ele ganhou 8 bolas numa brincadeira.

Quantas bolas de gude ele tem agora?



ü&nbsp;
Fábio tinha 28
figurinhas. Ele perdeu 7 num jogo. Quantas figurinhas ele tem agora?



·&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
Situações ligadas à idéia de comparação



ü&nbsp;
Ana e Luíza
brincavam de boneca e foram contar quantas tinham. Ana tinha 5 bonecas e Luíza
tinha 3 a mais que Ana. Quantas bonecas Ana tinha?



·&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
Situações que supõem a compreensão de mais de uma
transformação



ü&nbsp;
Lucas terminou
uma partida de jogo com alguns pontos. Ao reiniciarem o jogo ele ganhou mais 6 pontos,
e logo em seguida ganhou 9 pontos. O que aconteceu com os seus pontos no final
do jogo?