Grafeno, grafeno
Autor: EXCLUSIVA MINERAÇÃO E SIDERURGIA | Publicado: 2016-09-28T06:45:00-07:00

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Brasileiros
descobrem nova propriedade do grafeno

Com
informações da Agência Fapesp&nbsp;-&nbsp; 26/09/2016













Deformação da folha de grafeno pela ponta do microscópio de força
atômica.[Imagem:&nbsp;Clara M. Almeida et al. - 10.1038/srep31569]









Ilimitado

O grafeno é um dos materiais mais
estudados na atualidade, e não é por acaso: constituído por uma única camada de
átomos de carbono, dispostos em uma rede bidimensional de trama hexagonal, o
grafeno é extremamente fino, leve e resistente.



Agreguem-se propriedades como
transparência, flexibilidade, alta condutividade elétrica e térmica e baixo
custo de produção para que o horizonte de aplicações seja praticamente
ilimitado.



Com tantas pesquisas já
realizadas, surpreende que uma propriedade do grafeno permanecesse ignorada até
agora.



Ela acaba de ser descoberta
graças ao trabalho de Clara Almeida e uma equipe da Unicamp (Universidade
Estadual de Campinas).



Anisotropia

Trata-se da enorme anisotropia -
apresentação de propriedades que variam conforme a direção - exibida pelo
grafeno quando este é "varrido" em diferentes direções pela ponta de
um microscópio de força atômica (AFM: atomic force microscope).



E a diferença não é pequena: 80%
maior na direção conhecida como "braço de cadeira" (armchair)
do que na direção ziguezague.



Segundo os pesquisadores, o
efeito poderia ser entendido como uma manifestação, em escala nanométrica, do
fenômeno clássico da flambagem, o encurvamento de uma barra quando submetida a
compressão axial, descrito pelo matemático e físico suíço Leonhard Euler
(1707-1783).



Nanomecanismos

Devido às suas notáveis
características eletrônicas, térmicas e mecânicas, o grafeno é um forte candidato
para a fabricação da próxima geração de dispositivos eletrônicos e de sistemas
nanoeletromecânicos (NEMS). Tais aplicações requerem a compreensão das
propriedades mecânicas e tribológicas - isto é, decorrentes da interação de
superfícies em movimento relativo - desses materiais bidimensionais.



"A anisotropia que
encontramos pode ser determinante para a fabricação desses NEMS, cujo design
demanda o conhecimento prévio da orientação cristalina. Na maioria das vezes,
as propriedades do material na configuração bidimensional [grafeno] são bem
diferentes das propriedades já conhecidas na configuração tridimensional
[grafite]", sublinhou Clara Almeida.



Bibliografia:

Giant and Tunable Anisotropy of Nanoscale Friction in Graphene
Clara M. Almeida, Rodrigo Prioli, Benjamin Fragneaud, Luiz Gustavo Cançado,
Ricardo Paupitz, Douglas S. Galvão, Marcelo De Cicco, Marcos G. Menezes, Carlos
A. Achete, Rodrigo B. Capaz
Nature Scientific Reports
Vol.: 6, Article number: 31569
DOI: 10.1038/srep31569