Adjetivos Comparativos e Superlativos (Comparative and Superlative Adjectives)
Autor: 2°ano A 2011 | Publicado: 2011-11-15T07:09:00-08:00


Em inglês os adjetivos podem ser classificados em:1. Gradáveis:
1.1.&nbsp;Nessa classe são incluídos a maioria dos adjetivos. São aqueles adjetivos que permitem gradações, ou seja, permitem seu uso com modificadores ou intensificadores (advérbios ou em alguns casos verbos) enfraquecendo, limitando ou intensificando o sentido ou significado do adjetivo. Alguns exemplos de intensificadores ou modificadores são:
very, too, much, really, extremely, enough.
Exemplos:
Space is&nbsp;big&nbsp;, but&nbsp;not big enough.1.2.&nbsp;Além disso os adjetivos dessa classe podem formar comparativos e superlativos. Exemplos:
big - bigger - biggest;
nice - nicer - nicest;
2. Não Gradáveis:
2.1.&nbsp;Representam uma pequena classe de adjetivos. São adjetivos que não permitem o uso com modificadores ou intensificadores e2.2.&nbsp;Também não podem formar comparativos e superlativos. Exemplos desses adjetivos:
medical, daily, perfect, pregnant, married, dead, unique, etc
A "robot" which is being dubbed "the&nbsp;perfect&nbsp;woman" goes on sale on Wednesday.
The&nbsp;Medical&nbsp;Dictionary is a searchable dictionary of definitions from medicine, science and technology.
Em alguns casos podemos encontrar esses adjetivos com modificadores quando queremos ênfase ou em situações de humor.
Exemplos:
He is a&nbsp;little bit dead.
In case you weren't sure, Salma Hayek is&nbsp;really, really pregnant.1. Formação dos Adjetivos Comparativos e Superlativos1.1. Adjetivos Curtos (Shorter adjectives)1.1.1.&nbsp;Para formar os comparativos e superlativos dos adjetivos de uma sílaba adicionamos&nbsp;-er&nbsp;para a forma comparativa e&nbsp;-est&nbsp;para a forma superlativa.Vamos a alguns exemplos:
Adjective
One SyllableComparative&nbsp;-ERSuperlative&nbsp;-EST
coldcoldercoldest
oldolderoldest
fastfasterfastest
smallsmallersmallest
weakweakerweakest
1.1.2.&nbsp;Existem adjetivos de uma sílaba que terminam com uma única consoante após uma única vogal. Para formar os comparativos e superlativos dobramos a consoante final. Exemplos:
Adjective
One SyllableComparative&nbsp;-ERSuperlative&nbsp;-EST
sadsaddersaddest
thinthinnerthinnest
wetwetterwettest
bigbiggerbiggest
flatflatterflattest
1.1.3.&nbsp;Quando temos adjetivos de uma ou mais de duas sílabas que terminam com a vogal&nbsp;-y&nbsp;precedida por uma consoante formaremos os comparativos e superlativos trocando a consoante final&nbsp;y&nbsp;por&nbsp;i. Exemplos:
Adjective
More SyllableComparative&nbsp;-ERSuperlative&nbsp;-EST
spicyspicierspiciest
busybusierbusiest
icyiciericiest
slipperyslipperierslipperiest
dirtydirtierdirtiest
1.1.4.&nbsp;É importante observar que alguns dos adjetivos mais comuns em inglês tem formas irregulares de comparativos e superlativos.
AdjectiveComparativeSuperlative
badworseworst
goodbetterbest
farfurther
fartherfurthest
farthest
oldolder
elderoldest
eldest
bad - worse - worst:Yesterday was his&nbsp;worst&nbsp;day of year.
It’s the&nbsp;worst&nbsp;summer I can remember.
This was my first and&nbsp;worse&nbsp;experience riding a bus.
The weather got&nbsp;worse&nbsp;during the day.

good - better - best:In this situation, he had a&nbsp;better&nbsp;chance of winning in 18 holes.
It is just that the&nbsp;better&nbsp;cheese is pricy.
The&nbsp;best&nbsp;player this season would be the one who added the most points.
Bali wins&nbsp;best&nbsp;exotic destination award from English magazine

far - further* - furthest&nbsp;ou menos comum&nbsp;far - farther* - farthest:The supermarket is&nbsp;farther&nbsp;down the road than I thought
The shop is closed until&nbsp;further&nbsp;notice.
He had traveled to the&nbsp;farthest&nbsp;frontier.
Bali wins&nbsp;furthest&nbsp;exotic destination award from English magazine

old - older - oldest&nbsp;são as formas regulares, mas&nbsp;elder - eldest&nbsp;também são usados para comparar idades de uma pessoa, especialmente de membros de uma família. Eles não podem ser usados com&nbsp;than. E como adjetivos só podem ser usados antes do substantivo (noun):This website for&nbsp;older&nbsp;adults was developed by the National Institute on Aging.
The following tables list only the&nbsp;oldest&nbsp;verified people in ordinal rank, such as&nbsp;oldest&nbsp;person or&nbsp;oldest&nbsp;man.
She is the&nbsp;elder&nbsp;of my two sisters.
Jack is the&nbsp;eldest&nbsp;of three.

*O uso de&nbsp;farther&nbsp;e&nbsp;further&nbsp;frequentemente causa confusão sobre quando se deve usar um ou outro. Uma regra recente estabelece quefarther&nbsp;deve ser usado para distâncias físicas e&nbsp;further&nbsp;para avanço ou progresso não físico ou metafórico. Em muitos casos, porém é difícil estabelecer a diferença.1.2. Adjetivos de duas ou mais sílabas (Longer adjectives)1.2.1.&nbsp;Para formar os comparativos e superlativos dos adjetivos de duas ou mais sílabas (longer adjectives) adicionamos os quantificadores&nbsp;more&nbsp;e&nbsp;less&nbsp;para as formas comparativas e&nbsp;most&nbsp;e&nbsp;least&nbsp;para os adjetivos superlativos. Vamos a alguns exemplos:
Adjective
More SyllablesComparative
MORE or LESSSuperlative
MOST or LEAST
deliciousmore delicious
less deliciousmost delicious
least delicious
arrogantmore arrogant
less arrogantmost arrogant
least arrogant
tensemore tense
less tensemost tense
least tense
cooperativemore cooperative
less cooperativemost cooperative
least cooperative
perfectmore perfect
less perfectmost perfect
least perfect
LessLess&nbsp;pode ser usado com adjetivos de uma sílaba, mas&nbsp;More, Most&nbsp;e&nbsp;Least&nbsp;normalmente não são usados dessa forma.If it makes you&nbsp;less sad, I'll tell you how I feel.
Becoming&nbsp;less nice&nbsp;has made me a nicer person.
MoreMore&nbsp;pode algumas poucas vezes ser usado com adjetivos de uma sílaba (shorter adjectives).Our government will continue to remove barriers and implement new ideas as we move vigourously to seek and encourage&nbsp;more clean, green energy in Ontario.”
It is going to be a little&nbsp;more wet&nbsp;than white, said Matthew Belk, meteorologist for the National Weather Service.
1.2.2. Adjetivos de duas sílabas com -er e -est ou more-less e most-leastAlguns adjetivos&nbsp;de duas sílabas podem formar comparativos e superlativos tanto com&nbsp;-er&nbsp;e&nbsp;-est&nbsp;como com&nbsp;more-less&nbsp;e&nbsp;most-least.Vamos ver alguns exemplos:
Adjective
Two SyllablesComparative
ER or MORE or LESSSuperlative
EST or MOST or LEAST
quietquieter
more quiet
less quietquietest
most quiet
least quiet
happyhappier
more happy
less happyhappiest
most happy
least happy
pleasantpleasanter
more pleasant
less pleasantpleasantest
most pleasant
least pleasant
simplesimpler
more simple
less simplesimplest
most simple
least simple
narrownarrower
more narrow
less narrownarrowest
most narrow
least narrow
Mais alguns exemplos:cleverer - more clever - less clever
clevest - most clever - least cleverBlonde women make men&nbsp;less clever.
New research has suggested that having a big brain does not necessarily make you&nbsp;more clever.
My cat is&nbsp;cleverer&nbsp;than my dog.
That is true, there is more messing around, but sometimes mixed ability classes, do actually help the&nbsp;clevest&nbsp;and the not soclevest&nbsp;pupils.

handsomerer - more handsome - less handsome
handsomest - most handsome - least handsomeYou’re&nbsp;handsomer&nbsp;than he is, Daddy!
In my daughter’s eyes, there never seems to be anyone stronger, sweeter, or&nbsp;more handsome&nbsp;than her Daddy.
Presenting to you, the five&nbsp;most handsome&nbsp;men in the world.
The surgeons were&nbsp;less handsome&nbsp;than the actors.

Os antônimos destes adjetivos formados com prefixos&nbsp;-un&nbsp;(unhappy, unpleasant, unquiet, uncommon, etc.) também podem formar comparativos com&nbsp;-er&nbsp;ou&nbsp;more-less&nbsp;e superlativos com&nbsp;-est&nbsp;ou&nbsp;most-least.Exemplos:unhappyunhappier - more unhappy - less unhappy
unhappiest - most unhappy - least unhappy
Indonesian employees are the&nbsp;least unhappy&nbsp;in the world.
There cannot live an&nbsp;unhappier&nbsp;creature than an ill-natured old man, who is neither capable of receiving pleasures, nor sensible of conferring them on others.
The study found that African American Muslims&nbsp;more unhappy&nbsp;with America.
Britain’s children are the&nbsp;unhappiest&nbsp;in the West, according to a Unicef study of 21 industrialised countries.
We're&nbsp;most unhappy&nbsp;in mid-life because, it turns out, we focus on the wrong things.
My life has been&nbsp;less unhappy&nbsp;lately, believe it or not.

1.2.3.&nbsp;Devem sempre formar comparativos com&nbsp;more - less&nbsp;e superlativos com&nbsp;most - least:Os outros adjetivos de duas sílabas não citados no ítem anterior (item 2.2). Exemplos:comparativo: careful - more careful - less careful
superlativo: careful - most careful - least careful
Are women drivers&nbsp;more careful&nbsp;than men?
Somehow we’ve managed to become the&nbsp;most careful&nbsp;people in the world.

Adjetivos de mais de duas sílabas. Exemplos:comparativo: dangerous - more dangerous - less dangerous
superlativo: dangerous - most dangerous - least dangerous
Britain is now&nbsp;more dangerous&nbsp;than the Balkans.
The hippo is considered by many experts, explorers and Africans to be the&nbsp;most dangerous&nbsp;animal in Africa.

A maioria dos adjetivos compostos de mais de duas sílabas. Exemplos:comparativo: kindhearted - more kindhearted - less kindhearted
superlativo: kindhearted - most kindhearted - least kindhearted
I don’t believe that people today are&nbsp;less kindhearted&nbsp;than in earlier times.
She is, indeed, one of the&nbsp;most kindhearted&nbsp;and thankful persons imaginable.

Adjetivos particípio passado. Exemplos:comparativo: depressed - more depressed -less depressed
superlativo: depressed - most depressed - least depressed
Depressed people who focused externally became&nbsp;less depressed&nbsp;than depressed people who focused on themselves.
South Dakota is the&nbsp;least depressed&nbsp;state in the nation, followed by Hawaii and New Jersey, according a recent report released by Mental Health America. Utah, West Virginia and Kentucky were found to be the&nbsp;most depressed&nbsp;states.

Adjetivos particípio presente. Exemplos:comparativo: depressing - more depressing - less depressing
superlativo: depressing - most depressing - least depressing
Since Bergman had retired, it's a little&nbsp;less depressing&nbsp;than when Altman died.
The study point out the&nbsp;most depressing&nbsp;jobs but also the&nbsp;least depressing&nbsp;ones, which fell into the category for architects, engineers, and surveyors.

1.2.4.&nbsp;Adjetivos compostos formados com&nbsp;good, well&nbsp;e&nbsp;bad&nbsp;formam comparativos e superlativos da forma como segue:
AdjectiveComparativeSuperlative
good-temperedbetter tempered or
more good-temperedbest tempered
well-dressedbetter-dressed or
more well-dressedbest-dressed
bad-lookingworse-looking or
more bad-lookingworst-looking
Vejamos alguns exemplos:good-tempered:It has been found out that women are a little&nbsp;better tempered&nbsp;than men.
You may be feline, you are rather good-tempered and anyway you appear to be much&nbsp;more good-tempered&nbsp;than the average feline - still like being praised?
If the&nbsp;best tempered&nbsp;animals are not chosen, you will likely have temperament issues.

well-dressed:I must admit, they were&nbsp;better dressed&nbsp;than the women in those days.
My kids are&nbsp;more well-dressed&nbsp;than most and are&nbsp;more well-mannered&nbsp;than many kids their age.
Mr. Moore told The Hill Times that he will "take it as a compliment," but he seemed more interested in whether he made thebest-dressed&nbsp;or&nbsp;worst-dressed&nbsp;categories.

bad-looking:Are you better or&nbsp;worse looking&nbsp;than your avatar?
Every moment he seemed to get more and&nbsp;more bad looking&nbsp;than he already was.
This is the&nbsp;worst looking&nbsp;hat I ever saw.