AULA DO DIA 17/09/2012
Autor: DR4AB34 | Publicado: 2012-09-23T09:39:00-07:00

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RESPONSABILIDADE
CIVIL



10)&nbsp;
Abuso do Direito 

--&gt; Excesso de Direito não utiliza
em beneficio próprio e sim em prejuízo alheio

--&gt; Para exercer seu Direito não
pode ultrapassar o Direito de outrem

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
&nbsp;&nbsp;Ex: Repórter sob o direito de
informar profere ofensas a uma pessoa

--&gt;Direito de informação X Direito
a honra

--&gt;Agora há previsão expressa sobre
o abuso de Direito no art. 187, 1277, 1637 e 1638 CC.

--&gt;Nem sempre se resolve o abuso de
direito pela indenização. Há casos que a nulidade do ato já basta ou o
desfazimento das coisas.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
Ex: Abuso do poder familiar. Pode ser destituído. Também em relação ao
divórcio.



11) Excludentes da Responsabilidade
Civil

--&gt;Há situações que ocorrem dano,
porem não são considerados atos ilícitos. Previsão: Art. 188 CC.

--&gt; Legitimidade defesa do Estado
de necessidade, fato exclusivo de terceiro. Caso fortuito e força maior, fato
(culpa) exclusiva da vitima estrito cumprimento do dever legal e Cláusula da
não indenizar.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
11.1) Legitima Defesa

--&gt; A Lei Civil não define a
legitima defesa, sendo necessário recorrer ao Art. 25 do CP.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
*Usar meios modernos

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
* Repelir injusta agressão atual e iminente.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
&nbsp;* A Direito seu ou de outrem.

--&gt;É uma hipótese de autotutela,
pois não se aguarda a atuação estatal.

--&gt;Se o ato for praticado contra o
agressor não cabe responsabilidade civil.

--&gt; O agente causador terá direito
a ação regressiva art. 930 CC. (Direito de Regressão).

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
11.2) Estado de Necessidade

--&gt;Exclui ilicitude

--&gt; O agente vai ser chamado a
indenizar caso, cause dano injusto a pessoa inocente, porem terá direito a
regresso.

--&gt; O conceito só tem previsão no Código
Penal.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
*Praticar fato para salvar perigo atual ou iminente.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
* Não provocou por sua vontade 

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
&nbsp;* Não podia de outro modo evitar

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
*Direito próprio ou alheio

--&gt; Ação de regresso pode ser nos
mesmos atos

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
11.3) Fato Excludente de Terceiro

--&gt; Exclui ilicitude

--&gt; Mesmo não tendo culpa, a pessoa
responderá por atos praticados por terceiros art. 933 CC.

--&gt; Terceiro: qualquer pessoa que não
seja a vitima e o responsável.

--&gt; Só será excludente se a pessoa
for tão vitima quanto o outro ex: fornecimento de material por atraso do distribuidor.

--&gt; O fato exclusivo de terceiro só
irá exonerar do dever de indenizar caso eliminar a relação de causalidade entre
o Dano e o desempenho do agente art. 932 CC.

--&gt; Súmula 187 do STF “Responsabilidade
contratual do transportador pelo acidente com passageiro, não é elidida por
culpa de terceiro”.

--&gt; Condutor assume os fatos previsíveis
no risco em desenvolver a atividade de transporte de passageiros.

--&gt; Quando for uma carona aplica-se
o art. 186 CC.

--&gt; Se houver culpa do terceiro e
do agente causador do dano, a vitima poderá acionar qualquer um, pois a
responsabilidade e solidária (culpa concorrente).