Música Medieval
Autor: Mateus Cordeiro | Publicado: 2012-04-03T08:18:00-07:00

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Música MedievalDurante muito tempo, a música foi cultivada por transmissão oral, até que se inventou um sistema de escrita. Por volta do século IX apareceu, pela primeira vez, a pauta musical. O monge italiano Guido d’Arezzo (995 - 1050) sugeriu o uso de uma pauta de quatro linhas. O sistema é usado até hoje no canto gregoriano.A utilização do sistema silábico de dar nome às notas deve-se também ao monge Guido d'Arezzo e encontra-se numa melodia profana, hino que os meninos cantores entoavam ao padroeiro dos músicos São João Batista, para que os protegesse da rouquidão, cada linha da qual começava com uma nota mais aguda que a anterior. Associou à melodia a um texto sagrado em Latim, cuja primeira sílaba de cada linha podia dar o nome de cada nota da escala musical.Ut queant laxit&nbsp; 
Ressonare fibris 
Mira gestorum 
Famuli tuorum 
Solvi polluti 
Labii reatum 
Sancte IoannesCuja tradução é: Para que nós, servos, com nitidez e língua desimpedida, o milagre e a força dos teus feitos elogiemos, tira-nos a grave culpa da língua manchada São João.
Durante o século XIX, o sistema de Guido foi adaptado para transformar-se no sol - fá tônico dos nossos dias, e usado para ensinar não músico a cantar música coral. Foi nessa época que alguns tons foram reformulados de modo a facilitar o canto. Ut tornou-se DÓ e SA tornou-se SI (iniciais de Sancte Ioannes)





O tipo de música mais antigo que conhecemos consiste em uma única linha melódica cantada, sem qualquer acompanhamento. Este estilo é o chamado Cantochão ou Canto Gregoriano. Com o passar do tempo acrescentou-se outras vozes ao cantochão, criando-se as primeiras composições em estilo coral.Além do Cantochão, cantado nas igrejas, produziam-se na Idade Média muitas danças e canções. Durante os séculos XII e XIII houve intensa produção de obras em forma de canção, composta pelos trovadores, poetas e músicos do sul da França e Itália.
As danças eram muito populares em festas e feiras e podiam ser tocadas por dois instrumentos, com um grupo mais numeroso. Os instrumentos que acompanhavam estas danças incluíam: a viela (antepassado da família do violino), o alaúde, flautas doces de vários tamanhos, gaitas de foles, o trompete reto medieval, instrumentos de percussão ( triângulos, sinos, tambores). 
      Principais Compositores   Medievais &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;   Perotin - século XIILeonen - século XII   &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;   &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Guido d’Arezzo 995/ 1050 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;   Philippe   de Vitry 1290 - 1361   &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;   Guillaume de Machaut - 1300/   1377 John Dunstable - 1385/1453&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;