Descoberta de Ouro em Minas Gerais - Ezequiel Silva
Autor: The cool hours | Publicado: 2011-03-21T05:14:00-07:00

A descoberta do Ouro em Minas Gerais&nbsp;- 1693 – descoberta do ouro através de Antônio Rodrigues Arzão, na capitania de São Vicente.&nbsp;- Ação dos bandeirantes Prospectores.Apogeu do Ouro entre 1764 e 1780.- As datas -&nbsp; Lotes de terra destinados à exploração de ouro.Os Principais Impostos:<!--[if !supportLists]-->·&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <!--[endif]-->Quinto&nbsp; - 20%<!--[if !supportLists]-->·&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <!--[endif]-->Finta – 30 arrobas (450kg) e 100 arrobas (1500).<!--[if !supportLists]-->·&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <!--[endif]-->Captação 17gr/ escravo<!--[if !supportLists]-->·&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <!--[endif]-->Derrama (cobrança forçada dos Impostos)
Tipos de mineração<!--[if !supportLists]-->·&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <!--[endif]-->Lavra – geralmente desenvolvida em grandes áreas,&nbsp; possuíam um proprietário, usavam trabalho escravo, procuravam ouro em profundidade e adotavam técnicas sofisticadas.<!--[if !supportLists]-->·&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <!--[endif]-->Faiqueira&nbsp; -&nbsp; Exploravam ouro na superfície e em pequenas áreas, o trabaho era desenvolvido apenas por um faiscador, e tinha como instrumento apenas a batéia.
A sociedade mineradora<!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shapetype
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  &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Ricos proprietários de terras e de escravos <!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shapetype
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 width:19.65pt;height:0;z-index:251656704' o:connectortype="straight"/><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><!--[endif]-->&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Camadas médias e urbana (comerciantes)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Profissionais liberais<!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape
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As condições nas Minas&nbsp;-Terra infértil para desenvolvimento da agricultura.&nbsp;- Fome, doenças e mortes prematuras.&nbsp;-&nbsp; Entre 1700 e 1713 proprietários comeram gatos e insetos e cães – Eduardo Galeano&nbsp; - “Veias Abertas da América”.&nbsp;- Grandes&nbsp; jornadas&nbsp; de trabalhos como os pés imersos em águas – Epidemias, e doenças.&nbsp;- Alimento vinha de longe / conservação difícil.&nbsp;- Inflações -&nbsp; produtos eram trocados por Ouro. 
Consequencias da exploração do Ouro<!--[if !supportLists]-->·&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <!--[endif]-->Deslocamento do eixo economico do nordeste para o sudeste<!--[if !supportLists]-->·&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <!--[endif]-->Intensificação do comércio<!--[if !supportLists]-->·&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <!--[endif]-->Surgimento dos núcleos&nbsp; urbanos.
A administração portuguesa nas MinasCriação da Intendência das Minas
Criação de novas capitanias (1703) São Paulo/ Minas Gerais      (1720)/ Goiás (1744) e Mato Grosso (1748)
Elevação do Brasil à categoria de Vice- Reino. (1762)
Tranferência da Capital da colônia para o Rio de      Janeiro(1763)

- A descoberta dos diamantes Cultura da Mineração
&nbsp;- Jovens estudando na Europa – Univ. de Coimbra (Portugal)&nbsp;- Saraus (Reuniões Literárias)&nbsp;- Destaques:&nbsp; <!--[if !supportLists]-->·&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <!--[endif]-->Claudio Manoel da Costa<!--[if !supportLists]-->·&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <!--[endif]-->Basílio da Gama<!--[if !supportLists]-->·&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <!--[endif]-->Tomás Antônio Gonzaga<!--[if !supportLists]-->·&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <!--[endif]-->Alvarenga Peixoto<!--[if !supportLists]-->·&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <!--[endif]-->Tomás Antônio Gonzaga&nbsp; ( Marilia de Dirceu) -&nbsp; Poema Amoroso.
A obra de Aleijadinho – Francisco Lisboa (1730/38 – 1844)
Filho do mestre de obra Manoel Lisboa e a escrava Isabel,&nbsp; contraiu hanzseníase que lhe deformou o corpo.OBRAS:<!--[if !supportLists]-->·&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <!--[endif]-->Construções de igreja no estilo Barroco ( O Barroco Mineiro)<!--[if !supportLists]-->·&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <!--[endif]-->Planos de igrejas, altares, talhas, esculturas, uniu barroco ao rococó<!--[if !supportLists]-->·&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <!--[endif]-->Igreja de São Francisco de Assis – (São João Del Rei)<!--[if !supportLists]-->·&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <!--[endif]-->Conjunto de esculturas de Congonhas do Campo ( Passos da Paixão).<!--[if !supportLists]-->·&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <!--[endif]-->Doze profetas no santuário de Bom Jesus do Matosinho.