TEORIAS SOBRE O POVOAMENTO DA AMÉRICA
Autor: Jeferson Natali | Publicado: 2015-03-21T10:48:00-07:00

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A pesar das inestimáveis contribuições dadas pelas recentes
análises genéticas, pelo menos três respeitáveis teorias ainda buscam explicar
como e quando se deu o povoamento da América.

A primeira delas, chamada de malaio-Polinésia, afirma-se que
através de embarcações primitivas o homem saiu da Malásia e fez escala em
várias ilhas da Oceania até chegar na América. O cientista que propôs esta
teoria provou que ela era possível fazendo a mesma coisa. Ele fez embarcações
primitivas e chegou na América.

A segunda, conhecida como australiana, diz que a América foi
ocupada a partir de embarcações primitivas que atravessaram o Pacifico.

A terceira, a asiática, que tem sido a mais aceita pela
comunidade científica, diz que a América foi ocupada durante a quarta
glaciação, quando o estreito de Bering foi congelado, possibilitando a passagem
para o Alasca. 

Em janeiro de 2004, porém, foi divulgado um novo estudo, que
pode modificar as teorias arqueológicas sobre a ocupação do continente
americano. Trata-se de uma pesquisa realizada às margens do rio Yana, no
Círculo Polar Ártico, onde arqueólogos russos encontraram ferramentas de caça
confeccionadas há mais de 30 mil anos. O local fica perto do Estreito de
Bering. A única contradição entre essa teoria e a asiática é a data: até então,
acreditava-se que esse povoamento tivesse começado há mil anos. De qualquer
forma, ambas abrangem o auge da última glaciação no povoamento da América.