METABOLISMO (003) - FERMENTAÇÃO
Autor: Professor Thiago Rennó | Publicado: 2013-10-01T07:32:00-07:00

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Alguns
organismos são classificados – devido a seus processos metabólicos – como anaeróbios
ou anaeróbios facultativos, o que significa que são capazes de produzir ATP da
quebra da glicose sem a utilização do oxigênio, portanto, do ciclo de Krebs e
cadeia respiratória.



Os
dois tipos principais de fermentação encontrados são:



-
fermentação lática;



-
fermentação alcoólica.







FERMENTAÇÃO
LÁTICA







A
fermentação láctica é caracterizada pela transformação do piruvato (C3H4O3)
em ácido lático ou lactato (C3H5O3). Para
tanto é necessário oxidar uma coenzima NADH em NAD+.



Se
compararmos com as vias metabólicas aeróbias, a fermentação láctica não produz
grande quantidade de energia para as funções vitais, o que, para nós, a torna
inviável para se tornar nossa principal fonte de ATPs.



Utilizamos
organismos fermentadores para uma série de processos industriais, principalmente
alimentícios.



Iogurtes
e queijos são bons exemplos de produtos derivados desta reação.



Já
nos animais – onde destacam-se os mamíferos – a fermentação lática é realizada
nas fibras musculares como um fonte de energia extra em atividades que demandem
grande trabalho das células.



É
o ácido lático o responsável pela dor após um dia de academia ou exercício
intenso.







FERMENTAÇÃO
ALCÓOLICA







A
fermentação alcóolica, a exemplo da lática, não é capaz de produzir grandes
quantidades de energia como as cadeias aeróbias.



A
via se resume na perda de uma molécula de dióxido de carbono retirada do
piruvato, formando etanal e, posteriormente, o etanol, com a adição de um
hidrogênio vindo da oxidação de uma NADH em NAD+.



Na
indústria, a fermentação alcóolica é utilizada para a produção de bebidas
alcóolicas, combustíveis, pães e massas em geral.







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