Crescimento do imbuzeiro aos 19 anos
Autor: Nilton de Brito Cavalcanti | Publicado: 2017-04-06T11:08:00-07:00

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As fotos


Nestas fotografias podemos observar uma planta de imbuzeiro aos 19 anos de crescimento.
As fotografias foram obtidas no Campo Experimental da Embrapa Semiárido,
Petrolina, PE em abril de 2017.





















Os fatos

Na região semiárida
do Nordeste brasileiro a agricultura convive com uma série de adversidades,
tendo na escassez dos recursos hídricos, sua principal restrição. Por outro
lado, fatores de natureza, física, biológica e socioeconômica tem contribuído
para que a produção agrícola não atinja os objetivos desejados. Todavia, algumas
plantas nativas da caatinga, de modo especial, o imbuzeiro ou umbuzeiro (Spondias
tuberosa Arruda.) tem adaptando-se as intempéries climáticas que assolam a
região e apresentado boa produção, possibilitando&nbsp; o extrativismo do seu fruto pelos pequenos
agricultores. Na época da safra do imbuzeiro, os agricultores promovem a
colheita dos frutos e os vendem para consumo “in natura” ou em forma de doces e
geleias. Embora essa planta tenha grande importância para região, poucos
estudos têm sido realizados procurando conhecer melhor os aspectos do seu
crescimento. Com o objetivo de conhecer melhor o crescimento de plantas de
imbuzeiro nas condições naturais da caatinga, vem sendo realizado um estudo nos
últimos 19 anos. Os resultados obtidos aos 19 anos de crescimento de uma planta de
imbuzeiro são os seguintes: &nbsp;altura média
da planta de 3,0 m; diâmetro basal do caule ao nível do solo foi de 20,43 cm e
circunferência do caule ao nível do solo foi de 46,0 cm. A altura&nbsp;média da
copa foi de 2,93 m. O maior e o menor diâmetro da copa foram de 11,21 e 8,89 m,
respectivamente. As raízes horizontais e verticais mediram, em média, 12,34 e
2,34 m, respectivamente. &nbsp;O maior diâmetro das raízes foi de 12,38 cm. As
plantas apresentaram, em média, 29 raízes principais. O peso médio das folhas
verde foi de 38,49 kg. Os galhos pesaram, em média, 182,34 kg, com volume de 161,3&nbsp;cm3.
O peso verde das raízes foi de 44,93 kg e&nbsp; volume de 34,5 cm3.
Foram encontrados, 1.711 xilopódios por planta. O peso médio dos xilopódios por
planta foi de 441,21 kg. O maior xilopódio apresentava um comprimento de 49,17
cm e diâmetro de 26,89 cm. O xilopódio mais pesado foi de 5,76 kg e o de menor
peso foi de 1,16 g. Com 19 anos de crescimento foram colhidos, em média, 3.294
frutos por planta. O peso médio dos frutos&nbsp; de foi de 17,46 g e o
peso&nbsp;&nbsp;total de&nbsp; 38,12 kg.