Como Funcionam as Eleições nos Estados Unidos
Autor: Inspetora Escolar SRE/Ubá, mas ainda professora de História. | Publicado: 2012-10-16T10:20:00-07:00


Eleições Americanas(2012)











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Nos EUA, o presidente não é
eleito pelo voto direto, mas por uma instituição chamada colégio eleitoral. De
acordo com a Constituição Americana, a escolha do presidente e seu vice depende
de delegados estaduais, estes sim escolhidos pelos eleitores. 



Basicamente cada um dos 50
estados tem direito a um número de delegados proporcional ao total de
representantes que possui no Congresso Nacional - um para cada deputado e um
para cada dois senadores. Isto faz com que o tamanho e o número de estados em
que cada candidato venceu tenha muito mais peso no resultado final da eleição
do que o número de votos total feitos por cada um. 


Explicando melhor: no dia da eleição presidencial cada eleitor vota no
candidato a presidente de sua preferência. Este voto, entretanto, não é
computado em uma eleição direta (como acontece no Brasil), mas sim, escolhe uma
comissão de delegados que representará o seu estado no colégio eleitoral. 



O partido do candidato que ganha
a maioria dos votos no estado elege sua comissão e o candidato (ou candidatos)
que perder naquele estado não ganha nenhum delegado. Na segunda-feira após a
segunda quarta-feira de dezembro os delegados eleitos se reúnem na capital de
seu estado para então escolher o presidente. 

Estes "eleitores especiais" podem votar em qualquer nome, mas
normalmente votam no candidato pelo qual foram eleitos. Aquele que receber
metade mais um dos votos do colégio eleitoral é declarado o novo presidente e
assume no dia 6 de janeiro do ano seguinte ao da eleição. 

Em apenas duas ocasiões, o a decisão do Colégio
Eleitoral foi diferente do visto nas urnas. A mais recente delas foi em 2000,
quando George W. Bush, obteve 47,87%, contra 48,38% do candidato democrata, Al
Gore, que mesmo com 500 mil votos a mais ficou longe da Casa Branca. 

Votação
Além do colégio eleitoral outra instituição americana que causa muita confusão
nas eleições é um sistema de votação muito particular. O país simplesmente não
tem um sistema eleitoral nacional. 

Cada estado escolhe a melhor maneira de computar e
contar seus votos. Em 2000, por exemplo, o resultado da votação demorou quase
um mês para ser anunciado porque a Flórida tinha um tipo de cédula que levou
milhares de eleitores a votarem errado. Com uma diferença mínima entre os
candidatos, aqueles poucos votos, que foram recontados manualmente, tiveram o
poder de decidir a eleição. 

Fonte: http://noticias.terra.com.br/mundo/noticias/0,,OI257463-EI1826,00-Como+funcionam+as+eleicoes+nos+EUA.html











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http://noticias.terra.com.br/mundo/noticias/0,,OI257463-EI1826,00-Como+funcionam+as+eleicoes+nos+EUA.html
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1) Nos estados Unidos os delegados estaduais elegem
o presidente e o vice-presidente. Porque isso acontece?



2) Qual o número de delegados de cada estado
americano?

3) Explique como é feita a escolha do colégio
eleitoral estadual.

4) O partido que ganhar em determinado estado elege
sua comissão com o objetivo de ir à capital do seu estado para.......



5) Numa eleição, quem é declarado presidente...

6) O sistema eleitoral americano não é unificado
como no Brasil (Com um Tribunal Eleitoral e as urnas eletrônicas), mas cada
estado tem o direito de escolher sua forma de computar os votos. O que isso vem
causando?

7)Quais os nomes dos dois candidatos à presidência (2012) dos EUA e a quais partidos pertencem? 

8) Comente o que você vê no gráfico. (Título/data/candidatos/assunto/pesquisas);