NBR nº 16.280
Autor: Arquiteto Miguelangelo Del Vecchio | Publicado: 2014-04-24T06:57:00-07:00

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Entrou em vigor dia 18 de abril de 2014, a norma NBR 16.280 que estabelece o
processo de gestão de obras internas nas edificações, dando uma série de
atribuições aos donos de imóveis que quiserem reformar suas propriedades e
também aos síndicos. Saiba o que cada um deve fazer e os tipos de obra
incluídos na nova regra.
O proprietário

·&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
Antes de começar a obra, deve contratar
profissional responsável (arquiteto ou engenheiro) e encaminhar ao responsável
legal pela edificação — o síndico — o plano de reforma;

·&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
Durante o período que durar a obra, deve
garantir que a obra atenda aos regulamentos da legislação e do prédio

·&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
E depois de terminada a obra, deve atualizar o
manual de uso do edifício incluindo o que foi modificado pela sua reforma. Nos
prédios onde não houver esse manual, caberá ao proprietário fazer um novo
identificando tudo o que foi feito.
O profissional

·&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
Cabe ao arquiteto ou engenheiro contratado para
tocar a obra, fazer um plano de reforma, que deve detalhar os impactos nos
sistemas e equipamentos; entrada e saída de materiais; horários de trabalho;
projetos e desenhos descritivos; identificação de atividades que gerem ruídos;
identificação dos profissionais; planejamento de descarte de resíduos.
O síndico

·&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
Antes da obra começar, tem o dever de receber as
propostas de reformas; encaminhá-las para análise técnica e legal e, então, com
base nesta análise, responder à solicitação de obra nos seguintes termos e
justificativas: aprovada; aprovada com ressalvas, rejeitada. Também deve
autorizar a entrada de insumos e pessoas contratadas, assim como comunicar aos
demais moradores sobre as obras aprovadas.

·&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
Durante a realização de obras na edificação,
deve verificar se a obra está sendo feita dentro do descrito no plano de
reforma e, caso note qualquer condição de risco iminente à edificação, tomar as
medidas legais necessárias.

·&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
Após o fim da obra, deve vistoriar as condições
em que foi finalizada; receber do proprietário do imóvel, um termo de
encerramento e os manuais atualizados; arquivar toda a documentação. Também
cabe ao síndico, cancelar as autorizações para entrada de insumos e prestadores
de serviço.
A reforma
A norma estabelece como reforma, toda e qualquer alteração que vise
recuperar, melhorar ou ampliar as condições de habitabilidade, uso ou
segurança, e que não sejam de manutenção. Ou seja, apenas pequenos reparos como
pintura ou rebaixamento de teto com gesso não precisariam de arquiteto ou
engenheiro. Já obras que envolvam quebra-quebra só mesmo com profissionais ou
empresas especializadas, aquelas que têm um arquiteto ou engenheiro
responsável. São elas:

·&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
Automação;

·&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
Instalação de ar-condicionado, exaustão,
ventilação;

·&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
Revestimentos;

·&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
Impermeabilização;

·&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
Esquadrias e fechamento de varandas;

·&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
Hidrossanitário;

·&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
Prevenção e combate a incêndio;

·&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
Instalações elétricas e a gás;

·&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
Qualquer obra que possa afetar a estrutura como,
remoção ou acréscimo de paredes, furos e aberturas, alterações que impliquem no
aumento ou redução de carga.