O Livre Arbítrio na Filosofia Contemporânea
Autor: Antonio Paulino | Publicado: 2011-07-13T18:40:00-07:00

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UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO RIO GRANDE DO NORTEESCOLA DE CIÊNCIAS E TECNOLOGIASEMINÁRIOS EM NEUROCIÊNCIASPALESTRANTE: CLAUDIO F. COSTADISCENTE: ANTÔNIO PAULINO DANTAS JÚNIOR

O Livre Arbítrio na Filosofia Contemporânea

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; O livre arbítrio é um assunto muito polêmico e debatido por vários pensadores e pela sociedade em geral ao qual nunca se houve um consenso. Atualmente existem três principais pontos de vista sobre o livre arbítrio: o determinismo, o libertarianismo, e o compatibilismo.
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; O determinismo é a teoria que estabelece que tudo acontece pelas relações de causalidade. Um acontecimento leva a outro. Essa teoria reduz as nossas ações molecularmente e mecanicamente inferindo que toda ação já esta destinada a acontecer de acordo de como esta nosso organismo com a combinação do meio externo. Alguns acreditam que se tivéssemos consciência de tudo o que acontece molecularmente e entendêssemos por completo como tudo funciona, poderíamos prever o futuro.
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; O libertarianismo defende que temos a liberdade de escolher nossos atos, tendo como resultado varias possibilidades diferentes de futuro.
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; E o Compatibilismo é intermediário entre o determinismo e libertarismo. Essa teoria defende que na verdade o futuro pode ter mais de uma possibilidade e isso seria o livre arbítrio. As possibilidades ou probabilidades segundo o professor Claudio Costa seriam diminuídas a partir de limitações e constrangimentos que reduziriam o leque de alternativas para a escolha. Limitações são fatores que impedem de algo ser possível e constrangimentos é uma ação que um agente exterior causa para induzir a decisão tomada ou reduzir o leque de opções do individuo em questão.
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; O objetivo do Professor Claudio Costa na palestra foi introduzir a discussão filosófica sobre o livre arbítrio a partir das perspectivas presentes dando destaque ao que ele considera ser o ponto de vista mais plausível: o compatibilismo. Essa linha de pensamento é a única teoria capaz de conformar a nossa intuição comum de que somos livres em nossas decisões e ações com nossa suposição científica de que as nossas decisões e ações são causalmente determinadas.