Tentação de Jesus no Deserto- Temptation of  Christ
Autor: Tula | Publicado: 2013-02-16T07:30:00-03:00










Zin Valley in the Negev Desert of Israel 



A cena da tentação de nosso Senhor geralmente é suposto ter sido a montanha de Quarantania (qv), "um alto e íngreme parede de rocha, 1200 ou 1500 pés acima da planície oeste da Jordânia, perto de Jericó.




&nbsp;Mateus 4:1-11 – “A seguir, foi Jesus levado pelo Espírito ao deserto, para ser tentado pelo diabo."

Após o Batismo, Jesus é guiado pelo Espírito Santo ao Deserto, onde fora tentado por Satanás. Vivia entre os animais selvagens e os anjos o serviam. 



Para Jesus, o deserto foi o lugar em que encontrou o Tentador e foi testado. Para os israelitas, o deserto foi o lugar de provação também. Os resultados eram totalmente opostos. Jesus derrotou Satanás em tudo. No caso dos israelitas, todos eles passaram pelo mar e participavam da alimentação providenciada por Deus no deserto; porém, "Deus não se agradou da maioria deles; por isso os seus corpos ficaram espalhados no deserto" (1 Coríntios 10:5). É uma lição forte, porque 603.550 homens saíram do Egito, mas apenas dois deles entraram na terra prometida! No deserto onde 99,99% dos israelitas fracassaram, Jesus venceu. Qual era a diferença? Jesus confiou no Senhor e na Palavra.



Quando Jesus foi levado para o deserto, Ele já estava preparado para enfrentar o diabo, Jesus estava cheio do Espírito Santo de Deus. E o próprio Espírito, nos leva para sermos provados, na hora que estamos preparados.

















&nbsp;Wilderness of Judea











" E, depois de jejuar quarenta dias e quarenta noites, teve fome."


O deserto era na tradição profética do Antigo Testamento, o lugar ideal do encontro do homem com Deus (cf. Dt 32,10; Os 2,16) ou no imaginário judaico, o lugar da "prova".&nbsp; O deserto é situação humana e cenário de prova, mais do que lugar geográfico e faz parte da paisagem da Quaresma. 











Ivan Nikolaevich Kramskoy Christ in the Wilderness 1872 Tretyakov Gall. Moscow



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Ivan Nikolaevich Kramskoy
(1837–1887)
Christ in the Wilderness, 1872.
Oil on
canvas.
State Tretyakov Gallery, Moscow 





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<![endif]-->Um
debate acalorado sempre acompanha&nbsp; o “Cristo
&nbsp;no Deserto“de Kramskoy. 


Ao amanhecer, em um deserto pedregoso, um exausto Cristo ligeiramente curvado
agachado sobre uma rocha, suas mãos vigorosamente&nbsp; firmemente juntas, presas em oração. Seus olhos
inchados olham fixamente para o chão na frente dele. Exteriormente, este
peregrino-em-deserto-tem um olhar levemente selvagem . Seu cabelo é despenteado,
barba fina desgastada. Suas roupas surradas, uma túnica cor de vinho com capa
azul, parecem já desbotadas e desgastadas. A forma sombria de Cristo, mas ao
mesmo tempo como uma presença brilhante, sentada de costas para o nascer do
sol. Esta figura&nbsp; parece fossilizada,
como uma pedra na paisagem. Um frio, luz, manhã rosada, acompanhados por faixas
azuis pálidos de nuvem, aparecem no horizonte.





O jovem escritor Vsevolod Garshin observava na figura de Cristo uma compostura
interior: ". A expressão de enorme força moral, o ódio do mal, e uma
determinação radical para declarar-lhe guerra"





O artista sublinhou repetidamente o impulso que o levou a pintar “Cristo no Deserto.:
&nbsp;“Tinha diante de mim a imagem &nbsp;continuamente por cinco anos. Tive que
pintá-lo, a fim de se livrar dele. Durante o trabalho sobre a pintura, pensei,
orei, e sofri muito. " Kramskoy confessou a seu amigo, o pintor de
paisagens Fedor Vasiliev, que ele repetidamente se perguntava se ele estava capaz
de representar Cristo. "Eu talvez tenha cometido um sacrilégio, mas eu não
podia não pintar ajudar, mas pintar-lhe&nbsp;
mas posso dizer que eu o pintei com sangue e lágrimas ".
























Cristo no Deserto&nbsp; Moretto di Brescia &nbsp; 16e&nbsp; Metropolitan Museum of Art New York




Por experiência sabemos que tentação, é uma prova, um momento de risco no qual podemos ser vitoriosos ou derrotados. Se põe à prova nossa adesão a Deus. Por isso, a tentação se nos apresenta como certo sofrimento, como um tempo ou estado de combate ou luta espiritual.  
 








O diabo é limitado por Deus, somente serás tentado naquilo que és capacitado, para ser testado.







&nbsp;" Então, o tentador, aproximando-se, lhe disse: Se és Filho de Deus, manda que estas pedras se transformem em pães. Jesus, porém, respondeu: Está escrito: Não só de pão viverá o homem, mas de toda palavra que procede da boca de Deus."









Juan de Flandes The Temptation of Christ &nbsp; 1500 National Gallery of Art USA 





The Temptation of Christ&nbsp; Fra Angelico 1450




Jerusalém Greg Olsen


"Não só de pão viverá o homem, mas de toda palavra que procede da boca de Deus."


A tentação é o momento de luta pelo Amado e nos oferece uma ocasião para manifestar o amor. O homem e a mulher têm a oportunidade de expressar sua condição de criatura diante do Criador e demonstrar sua adesão incondicional a Deus acima dos sofrimentos, se submetendo humildemente à sua vontade.





o pecado da gula 


Primeira Tentação: dos prazeres sensuais ou dos sentidos








Atrás de cada um deles há pais que trabalham até em três empregos para garantirem a boa alimentação e posição social desses jovens. No entanto a alma deles está faminta da Palavra de Deus e sedenta da Graça&nbsp; de Deus . Famintos ,sedentos e desesperados !!!! Não só de paõ viverá o homem...


A sabedoria e a fé dos pobres e humildes nos diz: "Pouco com Deus é muito!!"












Apesar de ter sido criado em beleza   e perfeição, Satanás, o anjo de Deus mais elevado na hierarquia angelical, caiu   em pecado e arrastou consigo um terço dos outros anjos (Ap 12.4,9).







A Cobra do deserto de Israel




The Temptation of Christ&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 1350 Naples






The Temptation of Christ



"Então, o diabo o levou à Cidade Santa, colocou-o sobre o pináculo do templo e lhe disse: Se és Filho de Deus, atira-te abaixo, porque está escrito: Aos seus anjos ordenará a teu respeito que te guardem; eles te susterão nas suas mãos, para não tropeçares nalguma pedra. Respondeu-lhe Jesus: Também está escrito: Não tentarás o Senhor, teu Deus."






Franz von Stuch&nbsp; Lucifer 


Na tradição judaica, o livro de Enoch, onde se relata a queda dos anjos que rejeitam o paraíso e as ordens de Deus, é também o relato de uma guerra no céu. A rebelião é levada a cabo por vários líderes, dentre eles o príncipe Satanael que acaba por se transformar na personificação da essência de todo o mal.





Bonifácio&nbsp; Veronese&nbsp; Saint Michel Vanquishing the Devil&nbsp; Venice




Arcanjo Michael&nbsp; Pietro Perugino 1499 London




St. Michel Arcanjo&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; Luca Giordani 1663&nbsp; Berlin





"Him the Almighty Power Hurl'd headlong from the ethereal sky&nbsp;
John Martin18-19th century




The Fall of the Rebel Angels Les Tres Riches Heures du Duc de Berry
A Queda dos Anjos Rebeldes




The Fall of Satan and his Angels&nbsp;&nbsp; Gustave Doré

O diabo tentou fazer Jesus duvidar de Deus, 










Satan tried&nbsp; to Tempt Jesus&nbsp; James Tissot





Sandro Botticcelli&nbsp; Scenes from the Life of Christ Capella Sistina Vatican&nbsp;





Sandro Botticcelli&nbsp; Scenes from the Life of Christ Capella Sistina Vatican (detail)





Sandro Botticelli Satan falling off the Cliff Detail of The Scenes from the Life of Christ Capella Sistina Vatican



"Não tentarás o Senhor, teu Deus."




Segunda Tentação: da glória ou triunfo terreno

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;




A vida é o nosso maior troféu; maior dádiva do nosso bondoso Deus; um grande milagre. Colocar -a em risco é uma grande ingratidão.


Mas, na verdade, o que o diabo queria é que Cristo, sendo Deus, lhe obedecesse e o adorasse.&nbsp; 


 "Levou-o ainda o diabo a um monte muito alto, mostrou-lhe todos os reinos do mundo e a glória deles e lhe disse: Tudo isto te darei se, prostrado, me adorares."







Satanás é um ser real e  literal e suas mentiras e armadilhas devem ser evitadas através da retidão.



Cristo no Deserto&nbsp; Vasily Surikov 1892 



Ary Scheffer&nbsp; The Temptation of Christ&nbsp;&nbsp; 1854 






Duccio di Buoninsegna Temptation of Christ on the Mount&nbsp; 1308-11New York


   


Gustave Dore&nbsp; Jesus is Tempted by satan in the Wilderness




Tentação de Cristo Catedral de Salamanca Espanha





The Landscape with Temptation of Christ (detail) Joos de Momper 17e


  
     










Terceira Tentação:da posse e de muitas riquezas






Nephates Gustav Doré







O Carnaval é uma amostra caricaturada das riquezas que o tentador nos possa oferecer.

































Quem sucumbe nesta tentação&nbsp; - coração endurece e os olhos são vedados para apreciar e admirar as maravilhosas obras de Deus.

Isaías: " Cegou-lhes os olhos&nbsp; e endureceu-lhes o coração, do modo que não vêem com seus olhos, nem compreendem com seu coração, nem se convertem para que eu os cure". 





"Então, Jesus lhe ordenou: Retira-te, Satanás, porque está escrito: Ao Senhor, teu Deus, adorarás, e só a ele darás culto."





pintura medieval unknown master












pintura da idade média


Satanás é totalmente previsível. Ele tem usado a mesma estratégia e os velhos truques desde a criação. Todas as tentações seguem um padrão idêntico, e é por isso que Paulo declara: “Somos bem familiarizados com seus esquemas malignos” (II Cor.2:11). 

&nbsp;Ele se rebelou contra Deus e disse&nbsp; "Não servirei!"&nbsp; veja em que se transformou esse belíssimo querubim!






The Temptation of Christ Tintoretto 1581



 



Gustave Doré&nbsp;&nbsp; 1866 



Satanás e um anjo caído, da ordem dos Querubins, como descrito no texto Bíblico do  Livro de Ezequiel, no capítulo 28. Como tal era portador de asas, mas estas haviam perdido as características de beleza e agora eram negras e desprovidas de plumagem, assemelhando-se às asas negras do morcego, criatura noctívaga e sinistra que povoava os pesadelos dos fiéis.






Temptation of Christ&nbsp; San Marcos 







Temptation of Christ orthodox icon








Christ's Temptation&nbsp; Montreal







Denying Satan&nbsp; Carl Heinrich Bloch 







 Com isto, o deixou o diabo, 



 "Bem-aventurados os que são tentados! É quando o diabo vê que uma alma está tendendo à união com Deus que ele redobra seus esforços."&nbsp;

&nbsp;(São João Maria Vianney)


&nbsp;




Christ in the Wilderness sorrounded by Angels Charles de la Fosse&nbsp; 1680-90





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Cristo servido pelos Anjos no Deserto&nbsp;&nbsp;
Lodovico Carracci 1608 Berlim&nbsp;&nbsp;














e eis que vieram anjos e o serviram.”




Thomas Cole&nbsp; Angels Ministering to Christ in the Wilderness&nbsp; 1843 






Le Christ servu par deux Anges Montin 1673 Florence











Charles le Brumm&nbsp; Christ in the Desert served by Angels&nbsp; 1653





Christ in the Desert served by Angels Jean Baptiste de Champaigne



Jesus mergulha na nossa natureza, corre os nossos riscos e por nós e conosco é tentado. Logo, é preciso em nossas fraquezas, limitações e quedas pensar que Jesus viveu e sofreu tudo por todos, todas estas nossas mesmas tribulações. Aí já vemos o sentido expiatório de toda a vida de Jesus, que sofreu tentação não somente no deserto, mas em todo o seu caminho. Vejamos o que nos explica a carta aos Hebreus 2,18 que nos diz:
 
“De fato, por ter Ele mesmo suportado tribulações,&nbsp;
está em condição de vir em auxílio dos que são atribulados.”
 

 




 The Sheep and The Wolf

 

 













"Não tenhais medo;&nbsp;

estarei com vocês até o final dos tempos."
























Quaresma










Referências:

http://www.wga.hu/

http://www.museumsyndicate.com/artist.php?artist=139

http://www.ecclesia.com.br/iconostase/festas5.html

http://ferrelljenkins.wordpress.com/

http://papastronsay.blogspot.com/

http://o-povo.blogspot.com.br/