DENGUE: FAÇA SUA PARTE E EXIJA DO PRÓXIMO.
Autor: Thayara Paolla | Publicado: 2015-05-06T10:18:00-07:00

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A dengue é uma doença infecciosa
febril aguda causada por um vírus e transmitida pelo mosquito Aedes aegypti. Existem cinco subtipos do
vírus, mas nem todos se encontram no Brasil. Caso a pessoa já tenha sido
infectada por um deles, ela não será infectada novamente pelo mesmo.

Pode se manifestar de duas maneiras:
dengue clássica e dengue hemorrágica. A primeira se inicia de maneira súbita e
os sintomas são febre, dores de cabeça, dor atrás dos olhos, dores musculares,
cansaço, náuseas, vômitos, perda do paladar e apetite e, à vezes, manchas
avermelhadas pelo corpo. Na forma mais grave, o paciente manifesta os mesmo
sintomas da dengue clássica e aparecem repentinamente dores abdominais contínuas,
sangramento pelo nariz, boca e gengiva, dificuldade respiratória, sonolência e
agitação, confusão mental, sede excessiva e boca seca. Na forma hemorrágica, o
sangramento pode ocorrer em vários órgãos e, caso não seja tratada rapidamente,
pode levar o paciente à morte em até 24 horas. 

&nbsp;A possibilidade de um novo episódio de dengue
é bastante preocupante, pois na reincidência os sintomas se manifestam mais
severamente. Como já existe certa sensibilização do sistema imunológico decorrente
da primeira infecção, há uma resposta imunológica exacerbada e isto é o
alarmante, pois pode causar inflamações, o que aumenta o risco de lesões nos
vasos sanguíneos, levando à dengue hemorrágica. 

Não há tratamento especifico, são
administrados apenas medicamentos que aliviam os sintomas. O paciente deve
permanecer em repouso e ingerir muito líquido como água, sucos naturais, chás,
água de coco, soros caseiros, etc. Não devem ser utilizados medicamentos à base
de AAS (ácido acetil salicílico) – ex: engov, aspirina, doril e outros – pois
aumentam o risco de hemorragias. 
O diagnóstico é feito através do histórico clínico do
paciente e com a sorologia para dengue, hemograma e PCR. Para a dengue
hemorrágica, pode-se fazer também a prova do laço, que é o teste de fragilidade
capilar. &nbsp;A única arma contra a dengue é
a prevenção. Portanto, faça sua parte ajudando a combater os focos de acúmulo
de água – vasos de plantas, pneus, garrafas, calhas, caixa d’água, latões, etc.
– pois são locais propícios para a proliferação do mosquito transmissor. A
vacina contra dengue está em fase de teste em humanos e em breve estará
disponível. Se você apresentar os sintomas da dengue, procure imediatamente o
médico.