Fazer gestos durante fala ajuda a moldar o pensamento, diz estudo
Autor: Rita Moreira | Publicado: 2012-04-24T17:44:00-07:00

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Gesticular pode ajudar crianças a entender física e química
&nbsp;Às vezes é quase impossível falar sem usar as mãos. Esses gestos parecem ser importantes para definir a forma como pensamos, afirmam pesquisadores da Universidade de Chicago, nos EUA, em estudo divulgado na publicação científica “Psychological Science”.
Para chegar a essa conclusão, os cientistas convidaram voluntários a resolver um quebra-cabeça conhecido como “torre de Hanói”, no qual os jogadores têm que transferir discos de madeira entre pinos.
Depois que as pessoas terminaram, elas foram uma sala separada e explicaram como descobriram a solução. Nessa conversa, é quase impossível contar sobre andamento do jogo sem usar as mãos.A última tarefa foi resolver o mesmo problema, mas desta vez com um truque: para alguns voluntários, os pesquisadores mudaram a densidade dos discos, fazendo os pequenos ficarem mais pesados que os grandes. Assim, o disco que podia ser movido com uma mão precisaria de duas mãos para ser levantado.
A análise dos dados mostrou que as pessoas que usaram apenas uma mão na hora de mostrar a solução tiveram problemas. A dificuldade em resolver pela segunda vez o quebra-cabeça foi proporcional ao quanto os jogadores usaram só uma mão na hora de explicar.
“Gestos são um caso especial de ação. Você pode pensar que eles têm menos efeito porque não têm um impacto direto no mundo”, diz Susan Goldin-Meadow, uma das autoras do estudo. Ela ressalta, contudo, que o movimento das mãos é mais importante do que parece “porque gesticular sobre um ato requer que você represente aquele ato”.
Segundo os pesquisadores, dar mais valor aos gestos pode ajudar crianças a entenderem conceitos abstratos em física, química e matemática. “Quando você fala de momento angular e torque, você fala de conceitos ligados a ação”, explica Sian Beilock, parceira de Goldin-Meadow.
“Estou realmente interessado em saber se, levando crianças a experimentar essas ações ou gesticular sobre elas pode mudar o processo cerebral que elas usam para entender esses conceitos”, afirma.Fonte: Globo.com