INGLÊS - COMPLETO
Autor: Jeff.B - 1 | Publicado: 2010-08-30T17:39:00-03:00

Inglês CLASSIFICAÇÃO E FORMAÇÃOOs verbos ingleses, quanto à forma, podem ser classificados, para fins didáticos, em Regulares, Irregulares e Anômalos.
São regulares os que formam o Pretérito e o Particípio Passado pelo acréscimo de -ed&nbsp;ou -d, como:&nbsp;
Call - called - called&nbsp;(chamar)&nbsp;
Move - moved - moved&nbsp;(mover)&nbsp;

&nbsp;Os que não formam o Pretérito e o Particípio Passado pelo acréscimo de -ed&nbsp;ou -d&nbsp;são irregulares:
Sing - sang - sung&nbsp;(cantar)&nbsp;

São chamados anômalos os&nbsp;verbos&nbsp;que não formam a 3ª p. do sing. do Presente do Indicativo pelo acréscimo de -s&nbsp;ou -es,&nbsp;como:
may&nbsp;(poder),&nbsp;
can&nbsp;(poder),&nbsp;
must&nbsp;(precisar), etc.
Verbos IrregularesOs&nbsp;verbos&nbsp;irregulares do inglês são todos aqueles&nbsp;verbos&nbsp;que não seguem a regra geral de formação do Passado e do Particípio Passado. A formação do&nbsp;Past&nbsp;e do&nbsp;Past Participle, de acordo com a regra geral, que se aplica a todos os demais&nbsp;verbos, se dá através do sufixo&nbsp;-ed. Portanto, todo verbo que não seguir este padrão, será classificado de irregular.É interessante notar que a irregularidade dos&nbsp;verbos&nbsp;em inglês manifesta-se apenas nas formas do&nbsp;Past&nbsp;e do&nbsp;Past Participle, e não na conjugaçãoo dos mesmos, como em português. Os únicos&nbsp;verbos&nbsp;do inglês que têm também uma conjugação irregular são o verbo&nbsp;to be&nbsp;e os&nbsp;verbos&nbsp;auxiliares modais (can, may, might, shall, should, must,etc.).É interessante notar também que, com relação a freqüência de ocorrência, o&nbsp;Past&nbsp;é mais importante para o aluno do que o&nbsp;Past Participle. Enquanto que o&nbsp;Past&nbsp;representa uma das estruturas gramaticais básicas, o&nbsp;Past Participle&nbsp;ocorre apenas no&nbsp;Perfect Tense, na formação da Voz Passiva&nbsp; e na forma adjetivada do verbo. Exemplos:Have you&nbsp;heard&nbsp;the news?&nbsp;- Perfect TenseToyotas are&nbsp;made&nbsp;in Japan.&nbsp;- Passive VoiceEnglish is a widely&nbsp;spoken&nbsp;language.&nbsp;- AdjectiveClassificamos as formas irregulares dos&nbsp;verbos&nbsp;como uma questão de vocabulário, uma vez que as mesmas não interferem na estruturação das frases; e do ponto de vista do aprendizado, o aluno deve assimilar essas formas da mesma maneira que assimila vocabulário.&nbsp;Base &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Past &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Past&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Portuguese&nbsp;Form &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Tense &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; Participle&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Translation&nbsp;arise &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; arose &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; arisen &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;surgir, erguer-se&nbsp;awake &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; awoke &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;awoken &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;despertar&nbsp;be &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; was, were &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;been &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;ser, estar&nbsp;bear &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; bore &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; borne &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;suportar, ser portador de&nbsp;beat &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; beat &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; beaten &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;bater&nbsp;become &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;became &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; become &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;tornar-se&nbsp;befall &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; befell &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; befallen &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;acontecer&nbsp;beget &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; begot &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; begotten, begot &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;procriar, gerar&nbsp;begin &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; began &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; begun &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;começar&nbsp;behold &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; beheld &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; beheld &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;contemplar&nbsp;bend &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; bent &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; bent &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;curvar&nbsp;bet &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; bet &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; bet &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;apostar&nbsp;bid &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; bid &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; bid &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;oferecer, fazer uma oferta&nbsp;bind &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; bound &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; bound &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;unir, encadernar, obrigar-se&nbsp;bite &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; bit &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; bitten &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;morder&nbsp;bleed &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; bled &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; bled &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;sangrar, ter hemorragia&nbsp;blow &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; blew &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; blown &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;assoprar, explodir&nbsp;break &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; broke &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;broken &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;quebrar&nbsp;breed &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; bred &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; bred &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;procriar, reproduzir&nbsp;bring &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; brought &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;brought &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;trazer&nbsp;broadcast &nbsp;&nbsp; broadcast&nbsp;&nbsp; broadcast &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;irradiar, transmitir&nbsp;build &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; built &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; built &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;construir&nbsp;
&nbsp;buy &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; bought &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;bought &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;comprar

Conjugação do verbo TO HAVE
(ter)INDICATIVE MOOD  
      Present      Present Perfect  
      I have, tenho      I have had, tive ou tenho tido  
      You have      you have had  
      he has      he has had  
      we, you, they have      we, you, they have had
&nbsp;  
      Past      Past Perfect  
      I had, tive ou tinha      I had had, tinha tido  
      you had, etc
&nbsp;      you had had  
      Future      Future Perfect  
      I shall have, terei      I shall have had, terei tido  
      he will have      he will have had  
      we shall have      we shall have had  
      you will have      you will have had  
      they will have
&nbsp;      they will have had
&nbsp;  
      Future in the Past&nbsp;      Fut. Perf. in the Past  
      I should have, teria      I should have had, teria tido  
      you would have      you would have had  
      he would have      he would have had  
      we should have      you should have had  
      you would have      you would have had  
      they would have      they would have had  

&nbsp;&nbsp;IMPERATIVE MOOD  
      Sing.&nbsp;-&nbsp;Have (you),   tem&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;      Plural&nbsp;-&nbsp;Have (you), tende  

&nbsp;&nbsp;SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD  
      Present      Present Perfect  
      I have, tenha      I   have had, tenha   tido  
      you have      you have had  
      he have
&nbsp;      he have had, etc.
&nbsp;  
      Past      Past Perfect  
      I had, tivesse      I had   had, tivesse   tido  
      you had, etc.
&nbsp;      you had had, etc.
&nbsp;  
      Future      Future Perfect  
      I should have, tiver      I   should have had,   tiver tido  
      you should have,   etc.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;      you   should have had,   etc.  
INFINITIVE  
      Present      Perfect  
      To have,   ter&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;      To   have had, ter tido  
PARTICIPLE  
      Present      Perfect      Past  
      Having,   tendo&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;      Having had, tendo   tido&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;      Had, ttido  
GERUND  
      Present      Perfect  
      Having,   ter&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;      Having had, ter tido  
a - Forma Interrogativa&nbsp;INDICATIVE  
      Present      Have I?&nbsp;Tenho eu?  
      Present Perf.      Have I had?&nbsp;Tive eu,   tenho eu tido?  
      Past      Had I?&nbsp;Tive eu,   tinha eu?  
      Past Perf.      I had?&nbsp;Tinha eu   tido?  
      Future      Shall I   have had?&nbsp;Terei eu   tido?
SHad&nbsp;hall (will)   you have?
Will he have?
Shall we have?
Shall (will) you have?
Will they have?  
      Future Perf.      Shall I   have had?&nbsp;Terei eu   tido?
Shall (will) you have had?
Will he have had?
Shall we have had?
Shall (will) you have had?
Will they have had?  
      Fut. in the Past      Should   I have?&nbsp;Teria eu?
Should (would) you have?
Would he have?
Should we have?
Should (would) you have?
Would they have?  
      Fut.   Perf. in the Past      Should   I have had?&nbsp;Teria eu   tido?
Should (would) you have had?
Would he have had?
Should we have had?
Should (would) you have had?
Would they have had?  
b - Forma Negativa&nbsp;INDICATIVE  
      Present      I have not.&nbsp;Não tenho.  
      Present Perf.      I have not had.&nbsp;Não tive   ou não tenho tido.  
      Past      I had not.&nbsp;Não tive   ou não tinha.  
      Past Perf.      I had   not had.&nbsp;Não tinha   tido.  
      Future      I shall   not have.&nbsp;Não terei.
You will not have.
He will not have.
We shall not have.
You will not have.
They will not have.  
      Future Perfect      I shall not have had., etc., não terei tido, etc.  
      Fut. in the Past      I   should not have.&nbsp;Não teria.?
You would not have.
He would not have.
We should not have.
You would not have.
They would not have.  
      Fut.   Perf. in the Past      I should not have had?, etc., Não teria tido, etc.  

IMPERATIVE

Do not have&nbsp;(sing. e plural), não tenhas, não tenhais.SUBJUNCTIVE  
      Present      I have not.&nbsp;Não tenha.  
      Present   Perf.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;      I have not had.&nbsp;Não tenha   tido.  
      Past      I had not.&nbsp;Não   tivesse.  
      Past Perf.      I had   not had.&nbsp;Não tivesse   tido.  
      Future      I   should not have had, etc., eu não tiver, etc.  
      Fut. Perfect      I should   not have had, etc.,   não tiver tido, etc.  

INFINITIVE  
      Present
Not to have, não   ter&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;      Perfect
Not to have had, não   ter tido  
PARTICIPLE  
      Present
Not having, não   tendo&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;      Perfect
Not having had, não   tento   tido&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;      Past
Not had, não tido  
GERUND  
      Present
Not having, não   ter&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;      Perfect
Not having had, não   ter tido  

c - Forma Interrogativa-Negativa&nbsp;&nbsp;INDICATIVE  
      Present      Have I not?&nbsp;Não tenho   eu?  
      Present Perf.      Have I not had?&nbsp;Não tive   ou não tenho tido?  
      Past      Had I not?&nbsp;Não tive   ou não tinha eu?  
      Past Perf.      Had I not had?&nbsp;Não tinha   eu tido?  
      Future      Shall I   not have had?&nbsp;Não terei eu tido?  
      Future Perf.      Shall I   not have had?&nbsp;Não terei eu tido?  
      Fut. in the Past      Should I not have?&nbsp;Não teria   eu?  
      Fut.   Perf. in the Past &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;      Should   I not have had?&nbsp;Não teria eu tido?  

Conjugação do verbo TO BE
(ser ou estar, existir)INDICATIVE MOOD&nbsp;  
      Present      Present Perfect  
      I am, sou ou   estou
You are
He is
We, you, they are
&nbsp;      I   have been, fui ou   estive, tenho sido ou estado
You have been
He has been
We, you, they have been
&nbsp;  
      Past      Past Perfect  
      I was, fui ou   estive, era ou   estava&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
You were
He is
We, you, they were      I had   been, tinha   sido ou estado
You had been
He had been
We, you, they had been  
      Future      Fut. Perfect  
      I   shall be, serei ou   estarei
You will be
He will be
We shall be
you, they will be      I   shall have been,   terei sido ou estado
You will have been
He will have been
We shall have been
you, they will have been
&nbsp;  
      Fut. in the Past      Fut.   Perfect in the Past  
      I   should be, seria ou   estaria
You would be
He would be
We should be
you, they would be      I   should have been, terei sido ou estado
You would have been
He would have been
We should have been
you, they would have been  

IMPERATIVE MOOD&nbsp;  
      Sing.&nbsp;-&nbsp;Be (you), sê,   está&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;      Plural&nbsp;-0&nbsp;Be (you), sede, estai  
SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD  
      Present      Present Perfect  
      I be, seja ou esteja      I have been, tenha sido ou estado  
      you be, etc.      you have been, etc.
&nbsp;  
      Past      Past Perfect  
      I were, fosse ou estivesse&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;      I had been, tivesse sido ou estado  
      you were, etc.      you had been, etc.
&nbsp;  
      Future      Future Perfect  
      I should be, for ou estiver      I should have been, tiver sido ou estado  
      you should be,   etc.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;      you should have been, etc.  

INFINITIVE  
      Present      Perfect  
      To be, ser,   estar&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;      To have been, ter sido ou estado  
PARTICIPLE&nbsp;  
      Present      Perfect      Past  
      Being, sendo,   estando&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;      Having been, tendo sido ou   esatdo&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;      Been, sido, estado  

GERUND  
      Present
Not being, não ser, não estar&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;      Perfect
- - - - - -  

INDICATIVE  
      Present      Am I not?&nbsp;Não sou,   não estouten?  
      Present Perf.      Have I not been?&nbsp;Não tenho   sido ou estado?  
      Past      Was I not?&nbsp;Não fui ou   não estive, não era ou não estava?  
      Past Perfect      Had I not been?&nbsp;Não tinha   sido ou estado?  
      Future      Shall I not be?&nbsp;Não serei,   não estarei?  
      Future Perfect      Shall I   not have been?&nbsp;Não terei sido ou estado?  
      Fut. in the Past      Should I not be?&nbsp;Não seria   ou não estaria eu?  
      Fut.   Perf. in the Past &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;      Should   I not have been?&nbsp;Não teria   eu sido ou estado?  

  
      OBSERVAÇÃO:

Para a forma interrogativa-negativa   há duas construções:
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Isn't he ...?
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Isn't that   man ...?
ou
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Is he not ...?
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Is that man not ...?  
&nbsp;
Conjugação do Verbo To Call
(Chamar)
&nbsp;ACTIVE VOICE, voz ativa

INDICATIVE MOOD  
      Present      Present Perfect  
      I   call, chamo
You call
He calls
We, you, they call      I   have called,   chamei ou tenho chamado
You have called
He has called
We, you, they have called  
      Past      Past Perfect  
      I called, chamei ou   chamava&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
You called, etc.

&nbsp;      I had   called, tinha   chamado
You had called, etc.

&nbsp;  
      Future      Fut. Perfect  
      I   shall call,   chamarei
You will call
He will call
We shall call
you, they will call      I   shall have called, terei chamado
You will have called
He will have called
We shall have called
you, they will have calle  
      Fut. in the Past      Fut.   Perfect in the Past  
      I   should call,   chamaria
You would call
He would call
We should call
you, they would call      I   should have called, teria chamado
You would have called
He would have called
We should have called
you, they would have called  
IMPERATIVE MOOD&nbsp;  
      Sing.&nbsp;-&nbsp;call (you),   chama&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;      Plural&nbsp;-&nbsp;call (you),&nbsp;chamai  
SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD  
      Present      Present Perfect  
      I call, chame      I have called, tenha chamado  
      you call, etc.      you have called, etc.  
      Past      Past Perfect  
      I called, eu chamasse      I had   called, tivesse   chamado  
      you called, etc.
&nbsp;      you had called, etc.
&nbsp;  
      Future      Future Perfect  
      I should call, chamar      I   should have called, tiver chamado  
      you should call&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;      you should have called  
      he should call,   etc.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;      he   should have called, etc.  
&nbsp;&nbsp;
INFINITIVE  
      Present      Perfect  
      To call,   cahamar&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;      To   have called, ter   chamado  
PARTICIPLE  
      Present      Perfect      Past  
      Calling,   chamando&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;      Having called, tendo   chamado&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;      Called, chamado  
GERUND  
      Present      Perfect  
      Calling,   chamar&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;      Having called, ter chamado  
&nbsp;&nbsp;
PASSIVE VOICE, voz passivaINDICATIVE MOOD  
      Present      Present Perfect  
      I know, sei
You call
He knows
We, you, they know
&nbsp;      I have known, soube, tenho ssbido
You have known
He has known
We, you, they have known
&nbsp;  
      Past      Past Perfect  
      I knew, soube ou   sabia&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
You knew, etc.      I had known, tinha sabido
You had known, etc.
&nbsp;  
      Future      Fut. Perfect  
      I shall know, saberei
You will know
He will know
We shall know
you, they will know      I shall have known, terei sabido
You will have known
He will have known
We shall have known
you, they will have known
&nbsp;  
      Fut. in the Past      Fut. Perfect in the Past  
      I should know, saberia
You would know
He would know
We should know
you, they would know      I should have known, teria sabido
You would have known
He would have known
We should have known
you, they would have known  

IMPERATIVE MOOD  
      Sing.&nbsp;-&nbsp;Know (you),   sabe&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;      Plural&nbsp;-&nbsp;Know (you), sabei  

SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD  
      Present      Present Perfect  
      I know, saiba      I have known, tenha sabido  
      you know, etc.      you have known, etc.
&nbsp;  
      Past      Past Perfect  
      I knew, eu soubesse      I had known, tivesse sabido  
      you knew, etc.      you had known, etc.
&nbsp;  
      Future      Future Perfect  
      I should know, souber      I should have known, tiver sabido  
      you should know&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;      you should have known  
      he should know,   etc.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;      he should have known, etc.  

INFINITIVE  
      Present
&nbsp;      Perfect  
      To know,   saber&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;      To have known, ter sabido  

PARTICIPLE  
      Present
&nbsp;      Perfect      Past
&nbsp;  
      Knowing,   sabendo&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;      Having known, tendo   sabido&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;      Known, sabido  


GERUND  
      Present
&nbsp;      Perfect  
      Knowing,   saber&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;      Having known, ter sabido  

&nbsp;&nbsp;O Verbo Anômalo e Defectivo To May
(poder)1ª)&nbsp;O verbo anômalo e defectivo&nbsp;may, Past -&nbsp;might, exprime:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; I - Permissão:
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;May I open the window?&nbsp;Posso abrir a janela?

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; II - Possibilidade, probabilidade:
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;It may rain, pode chover.

2ª) May&nbsp;, quando exprime probabilidade, equivale a&nbsp;perhaps, talvez:
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;It may be true, pode ser verdade (=perhaps it is true, talvez seja verdade).

3ª) May e might&nbsp;podem ser usados em construção equivalente ao subjuntivo para exprimir um porpósito, uma aspiração, uma esperança:
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;May he rest in peace, que ele repouse em paz.
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I trust (ou hope) that he may like this one, espero que ele goste deste.
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;He works six hours a day so that he may finish the book in three months, ele trabalha seis horas por dia para que termine o livro em três meses.
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I sent him a telegram so that he might come in time, mandei-lhe um telegrama para que ele viesse a tempo.
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;May your dreams come true, que ele repouse em paz.

4ª)&nbsp;As formas defectivas de&nbsp;may&nbsp;são supridas por&nbsp;to be allowed, to be permitted, ser permitido:
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;He will be allowed to go twice a week, ele poderá (ser-lhe-á permitido) ir duas vezes por semana.

5ª) Might&nbsp;é muitas vezes usado como forma polida ou cerimoniosa de fazer um pedido, sem referência alguma ao passado:
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Might I use your pencil?&nbsp;Posso usar seu lápis?

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Obs.: Em -&nbsp;You may (might) help me to carry the valises, você pode (podia, poderia) ajudar-me a carregar as valises,
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; a construção é menos imperiosa que -&nbsp;Help me to carry the valises&nbsp;ajude-me a carregar as valises. Convém lembrar
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; que em inglês americano 0 -&nbsp;to&nbsp;é, geralmente, omitido.


6ª)&nbsp;Para exprimir pouca probabilidade, o uso de&nbsp;might&nbsp;é preferível ao de&nbsp;may
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Do you think he will come? - Well, he might come, but I don't think he will.
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Você acha que ele virá? - Bem, ele pode vir, mas não creio.

7ª)&nbsp;Somente em discurso indireto&nbsp;usa-se&nbsp;might&nbsp;para exprimir permissão:
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I told them they might come, eu lhes disse que podiam vir.

8ª)&nbsp;Para revelar uma intenção&nbsp;ou sugerir a prática de determinada ação, é comum o emprego de&nbsp;may (might) as well:
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I may (might) as well postpone the trip, eu bem podia (poderia) adiar a viagem.

9ª) May (might) just as well&nbsp;implica, geralmente, uma desaprovação:
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;You might just as well have sent a letter, você bem (ao menos) podia (poderia) ter enviado uma carta.

10ª) May e might&nbsp;não são usados na interrogativa&nbsp;para exprimir probabilidade ou possibilidade, mas sim -&nbsp;to think, to be likely e can:
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Do you think he is waiting for us?&nbsp;Você acha que ele nos está esperando?
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Is that likely to happen??&nbsp;É possível (provável) que isso aconteça?
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Can this statement be true?&nbsp;Poderá esta declaração ser verdadeira, será verdadeira esta declaração?

11ª)&nbsp;Se desejamos exprimir probabilidade&nbsp;ou possibilidade na negativa, comumente empregamos -&nbsp;can:
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;He may have answered some of the questions, but he cannot have answered all of them, ele pode ter respondido a algumas das perguntas, mas não pode ter respondido a todas.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Obs.:&nbsp;May&nbsp;é raramente empregado na negativa:
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;He may or may not agree with you, ele pode ou não concordar com você,
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; ele pode concordar ou não com você, ele pode concordar com você ou não.
&nbsp;&nbsp;Conjugação do Verbo To May
(poder)PRESENT  
      Forma declarativa      I (you,   he, we, you, they) may, posso.  
      Forma interrogativa&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;      May I   (you, he, we, you, they)?, posso?  
      Forma negativa      I (you,   he, we, you, they) may not, não posso.  
      Forma int.-negativa      May I   (you, he, we, you, they)not?, não posso?  
PAST  
      Forma declarativa      I (you,   he, we, you, they) might, pude, podia.  
      Forma   interrogativa&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;      Might I   (you, he, we, you, they)?&nbsp;Pude?   Podia?  
      Forma negativa      I (you,   he, we, you, they) might not, não podia.  
      Forma int.-negativa      Might I   (you, he, we, you, they)not?&nbsp;Não pude? Não podia?  


O Verbo Anômalo e Defectivo To Must
(precisar, dever, ter de)1ª)&nbsp;O verbo anômalo e defectivo&nbsp;must&nbsp;é usado no presente e no futuro.&nbsp;Must&nbsp;pode exprimir ordem, necessidade, obrigação, dever, conveniência, conclusão, suposição ou conselho enfático. Exemplos:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;You must come at once (= I want you to come at once), vem imediatamente.
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I must go home (= I have got to go home), preciso ir para casa.
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;You must obey your parents, deves obedecer a teus pais.
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;You must follow your doctor's advice, deves seguir o conselho de teu médico.
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;You must consult a good lawyer, deves consultar um bom advogado.
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;He has written fifty pages; he must be tired, ele escreveu cinqüenta páginas; deve estar cansado.
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;It is dinner-time; he must be at home, é hora de jantar; ele deve estar em casa.
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;He must be ill; he hasn't come to his office today, ele deve estar doente; não veio ao escritório hoje.


2ª)&nbsp;Diferença entre&nbsp;must e have to&nbsp;na afirmativa:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;You must pay him what you owe him, precisas pagar-lhe o que deves (ordem de quem fala).
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;You have (got) to take a car in order to arrive in time, precisas tomar um carro para chegar a tempo (as circunstâncias o exigem).  
      OBSERVAÇÕES&nbsp;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;1ª.&nbsp;A forma   negativa&nbsp;mustn't (must not)&nbsp;é empregada para exprimir uma proibição ou fazer uma advertência:
Visitors must not feed the animals, os visitantes estão proibidos de   dar alimento aos animais.
You mustn't miss the 10 train, não percas o trem das 10.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;2ª.&nbsp;Em breve...  

Os Verbos:
Need&nbsp;/&nbsp;Dare&nbsp;/&nbsp;Let&nbsp;/&nbsp;Used toNEEDNeed&nbsp;exprime necessidade&nbsp;e se apresenta ora como verbo regular, ora como verbo anômalo.

I - Como verbo regular, significa precisar e é seguido de Infinitivo comto:
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I shall need to como here again, precisarei vir aqui outra vez.
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;He doesn't need to work today, ele não precisa trabalhar hoje.

Need&nbsp;também significa precisar de, necessitar de, requerer:
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;He doesn't need a new hat, ele não precisa de um chapéu novo.
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;He needs a good rest, ele precisa de um bom descanso.

II - Como verbo anômalo, é seguido de Infinitivo sem&nbsp;to&nbsp;e só é usado em interrogações e negações:
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;He needn't come this week, ele não precisa vir esta semana.
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Need he work now?&nbsp;Precisa ele trabalhar agora?  
      OBSERVAÇÃO:&nbsp;

O emprego de&nbsp;need&nbsp;afirmativamente só é permitido:
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;a) Depois de palavra que   exprima dúvida.
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;b) Depois de palavra meio   negativa, como&nbsp;hardly, scarcely, etc.
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;c) Depois de verbo na forma   negativa.  
Must, it is necessary e have to&nbsp;podem, em linguagem coloquial, substituir&nbsp;need&nbsp;nas afirmações:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;He must go, ele precisa ir.
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;It is necessary for him to go, é necessário que ele vá.
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;You must (have to) stay here for two hours, precisas permanecer aqui por duas horas.
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Need you stay here? Yeas, I must, precisas ficar aqui? Sim, preciso.


Uso de&nbsp;Need not&nbsp;e&nbsp;Must not&nbsp;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;You need not come today, não precisas vir hoje, não é necessário vires hoje (tua vinda é desnecessária).
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;You must not come today, não deves vir hoje (tua vinda seria inconveniente).
&nbsp;&nbsp;DARE&nbsp;Dare&nbsp;significa&nbsp;desafiar, ousar, atrever-se, poder, ser permitido.

I -&nbsp;Dare, desafiar, é sempre regular e seguido de infinitivo com&nbsp;to.
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;He dared you to repeat what you had said, ele te desafiou a repetir o que havias dito.

II - Com o significado de ousar, atrever-se ou poder (ser permitido),dare&nbsp;é quase sempre um verbo anômalo e defectivo e é seguido de infinitivo sem&nbsp;to.
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;He dare not (daren't) come, ele não ousa vir.
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Dare I come in?&nbsp;Posso entrar?


Se usado como verbo regular&nbsp;na interrogativa ou na negativa,&nbsp;dare&nbsp;é auxiliado por&nbsp;do&nbsp;e seguido de infinitivo com ou sem&nbsp;to:
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Don't dare (to) come, não ouses vir.  
      OBSERVAÇÕES:&nbsp;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;1ª.&nbsp;Como verbo anômalo,&nbsp;dare&nbsp;é geralmente empregado em orações negativas, interrogativas,
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;   dubitativas ou condicionais.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;2ª. Dare, verbo   anômalo, só é usado afirmativamente quando em resposta a uma pergunta:
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Dare   he go now? Of course he dare, ousa ele ir agora? É claro que ousa.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;3ª. Dare&nbsp;é também   empregado como anômalo, quando seguido de&nbsp;hardly, never&nbsp;ou&nbsp;scarcely:
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;He   dare hardly open his mouth in the presence of strangers, ele mal   (dificilmente,
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;   raramente) ousa abrir a boca em presença de estranhos.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;4ª. I dare say&nbsp;tem dois   usos idionáticos:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;a)   supondo:
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I   dare say he'll come later tonight, suponho que ele virá (é possível que   ele venha)
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;   mais tarde esta noite.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;b)   Acredito, mas isso não me interessa, não vem ao caso:
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I   dare say that may often happen in many countries, but never in Brazil,
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;   acredito que isso freqüentemente aconteça em muitos países, mas nunca no   Brasil.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;5ª.&nbsp;Em orações iniciadas com&nbsp;how&nbsp;é mais   freqüente a construção sem o auxiliar&nbsp;do:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;How   dare you say such a thing?&nbsp;Como ousas dizer tal coisa?  

LET  1) Let&nbsp;é usado como auxiliar&nbsp;para formar um Imperativo indireto na 1ª e 3ª pessoas:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Let us go, vamos.
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Let them come, que eles venham.

2) Let, como verbo principal,&nbsp;é irregular&nbsp;(let, let, let)&nbsp;e significa:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;a) Deixar, permitir:
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;He let the boy play, ele deixou o menino brincar.
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;He did not let me go, ele não me deixou ir.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;b) Alugar:
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;He let his home to Mr. Ross, ele alugou sua casa ao Sr. Ross.
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;This house is to let, esta casa está para alugar, aluga-se esta casa.

3)&nbsp;Emprego de&nbsp;let&nbsp;em algumas expressões idiomáticas:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Let by, deixar passar.
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Let down easy, recusar com delicadeza.
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Let drive, dar uma bofetada; arremessar alguma coisa.
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Let go, soltar; vociferar.
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Let know, informar.
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Let one have it, espancar alguém.
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Let someone down, não cumprir o prometido; deixar alguém na mão.
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Let somebody off, desculpar alguém; não punir alguém.
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Let out at, dar uma violenta bofetada, um pontapé, um coice, etc.; (fig.) usar linguagem violenta.
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Let oneself go, descontrolar-se; desmazelar-se.USED TO&nbsp;1ª) Used, seguido de&nbsp;to&nbsp;e infinitivo&nbsp;, exprime um estado ou uma ação que eram constantes no passado e não o são mais:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;He used to live here, ele morava aqui.
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;There used to be a school in this street, havia uma escola nesta rua.
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;He used to work till late in the night, ele habitualmente trabalhava até tarde da noite.&nbsp;  
      OBSERVAÇÕES:&nbsp;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;1ª.   Used to, em combinação com&nbsp;be, é seguido da forma verbal em -ing:
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;He was used   to be working till late in the night.
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;   Ele estava acostumado a trabalhar até   tarde da noite.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;2ª.&nbsp;As formas interrogativas e negativas dispensam o auxílio dedid::
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Neg.: I used not (usedn't), you used not, etc.
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Int.: Used I? Used you?&nbsp;etc.
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Int.- neg.:   Usedn't I? Usedn't you?&nbsp;etc.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Há   contudo, uma tendência para uso de&nbsp;did&nbsp;como auxiliar   na língua falada:
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Did he use to ...? He didn't use to ... .  
2ª)&nbsp;Embora&nbsp;would&nbsp;tenha emprego equivalente ao de&nbsp;used to&nbsp;para exprimir estado ou ação que existiram no passado e não mais perduram, há entre os dois auxiliares pequenas diferenças que convém lembrar:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I -&nbsp;Would&nbsp;pode ser usado para exprimir um hábito no passado desde que se especifique a época:
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;When he was a boy he would swim every morning, quando menino, ele nadava todas as manhãs.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;II -&nbsp;Would&nbsp;não pode ser empregado com verbo que não exprima ação, i.e., não podemos dizer:
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;When I was a boy I would like fireworks, mas sim:
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;When I was a boy I used to like fireworks&nbsp;quando menino, eu gostava de fogos de artifício.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;III -&nbsp;Would&nbsp;sugere interesse pessoal, consentimento ou ação voluntária, ao passo que&nbsp;used to&nbsp;pode ser meramente objetivo.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;IV - O estado ou ação expressos por&nbsp;Would&nbsp;podem ser momentâneos, mas&nbsp;used to&nbsp;geralmente faz supor apreciável duração.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;V -&nbsp;Used to&nbsp;não denota forçosamente repetição, recorrência de ação.