Autor: MACELEIDEAEN | Publicado: 2010-06-05T18:44:00-07:00

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 <![endif]-->Olá, meninas!  
Pesquisando um pouco mais sobre o tema da nossa oficina, acabei achando textos bem legais como este, vejam.
A Colagem e sua Importância para a Arte 
Toda a história do Movimento Cubista é imprescindível para que se possa compreender os caminhos que foram traçados até o surgimento da Colagem.&nbsp; Ou seja, a colagem uma técnica utilizada a partir do Movimento Cubista, na qual a composição era feita a partir do uso de matérias de diversas texturas e formas, sejam elas superpostas ou mesmo colocadas lado a lado, criando-se assim, um motivo ou imagem dentro de uma linguagem visual diferente. H. W. Janson &amp; Anthony Jason (1996) esclarecem que:&nbsp; 
No Cubismo de Colagem, o espaço do quadro localiza-se na frente do plano da “bandeja”; o espaço é criado não por recurso ilusionistas, tais como o modelado ou o escorço, mas&nbsp; sim&nbsp; pela&nbsp; interseção&nbsp; real&nbsp; de&nbsp; camadas&nbsp; de materiais colados. (JANSON, 1996, p. 368). 
Desse modo, essa técnica veio com a proposta de libertar o artista da formalidade da tela, tornando possível para o artista uma grande liberdade de expressão e, principalmente, no que concerne à utilização de materiais além dos formalmente utilizados – tinta a óleo, guache etc. Além disso, foi por meio da colagem que se abriu os caminhos na utilização de recursos diversificados&nbsp; e de várias&nbsp; naturezas&nbsp; (Fig. 3)&nbsp; e&nbsp; também,&nbsp; variados&nbsp; suportes&nbsp; como:&nbsp; pedaço de papel, tipos de tecidos, gesso etc. (ARGAN, 1992, p. 305). 
Janson (1996) explica&nbsp; também&nbsp; que&nbsp; tal&nbsp; técnica&nbsp; inovadora,&nbsp; propõe&nbsp; uma&nbsp; tentativa&nbsp; de demonstrar que o quadro pode ser um objeto capaz de sensibilizar o observador, apenas pela simples disposição – com certa ordem determinada pelo artista – dos elementos materiais que&nbsp; o&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; compõem.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Por&nbsp; exemplo,&nbsp; jornal,&nbsp; tecido,&nbsp; papel,&nbsp; carvão,&nbsp; guache&nbsp; etc.&nbsp; (Fig.7)&nbsp; –&nbsp; podendo mesmo&nbsp; ser&nbsp; objetos&nbsp; do&nbsp; cotidiano&nbsp; como&nbsp; fragmentos&nbsp; de&nbsp; jornal,&nbsp; papel&nbsp; de&nbsp; parede,&nbsp; etc.,&nbsp; agora investidos com um valor estético. (p. 367-368).
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 <![endif]-->  &nbsp;Figura 7  &nbsp;Pablo Picasso.  “Copo e garrafa de Suze”. 1912.
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 <![endif]-->  Pablo Picasso  “Ma Jolie” – 1911-12
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 <![endif]-->  David Cottington (2001, p. 71) esclarece que a&nbsp; combinação&nbsp; de&nbsp; signos&nbsp; visuais&nbsp; e verbais&nbsp; se&nbsp; interpreta, portanto,&nbsp; como uma&nbsp; justaposição, ou para&nbsp; seu&nbsp; lugar desse discurso de acontecimentos públicos, privados do cotidiano.&nbsp; 
A&nbsp; partir&nbsp; dessa&nbsp; visão,&nbsp; é&nbsp; possível&nbsp; observar que&nbsp; a&nbsp; colagem&nbsp; surgiu para&nbsp; dar&nbsp; ênfase&nbsp; ao valor&nbsp; figurativo&nbsp; artístico,&nbsp; tornando&nbsp; a&nbsp; combinação dos diferentes&nbsp; signos visuais&nbsp; e verbais&nbsp; em leituras imagéticas e com isso, atribuindo à colagem o seu real valor estético. 
O fundamental da técnica da colagem é a criação de um objeto de arte para a apreciação, e tal criação deve acontecer&nbsp; por meio de um&nbsp; fazer&nbsp; artístico, uma&nbsp; situação&nbsp; estética&nbsp; concreta&nbsp; e&nbsp; independente&nbsp; de toda&nbsp; a&nbsp; intenção&nbsp; de&nbsp; imitação.
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 <![endif]-->Georges Braque   “Platôs de Frutas”. 1913.
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 <![endif]-->  Picasso e Braque colavam diversos materiais em suas obras. Depois de algum tempo, vários outros até gravuras.Outro artista importante que desenvolveu a técnica da colagem como arte foi Henri-Émile-Benoît Matisse, pintor, desenhista e escultor francês que participou&nbsp; do&nbsp; Fauvismo.Segundo Giulio&nbsp; Carlo Argan&nbsp; (1992)&nbsp; a&nbsp; visão&nbsp; artística&nbsp; de Matisse fundamentava-se no princípio da harmonia universal, entendido como princípio fundamental da&nbsp; natureza,&nbsp; que&nbsp; ao&nbsp; contrário&nbsp; de&nbsp; Picasso&nbsp; fundamentava-se&nbsp; no&nbsp; princípio&nbsp; da&nbsp; contradição.&nbsp; Para Carol&nbsp; Strickland&nbsp; (2001)&nbsp; a&nbsp; técnica&nbsp; de Matisse&nbsp; consiste&nbsp; em&nbsp; cortar&nbsp; figuras&nbsp; em papéis&nbsp; coloridos.&nbsp; O&nbsp; resultado&nbsp; são&nbsp; composições&nbsp; simples,&nbsp; muito&nbsp; bonitas,&nbsp; que&nbsp; acabaram influenciando muitos outros artistas depois dele.
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 <![endif]-->  Henri Matisse, Beasts of the Sea,&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;  1950, colagem de papel em tela.
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 <![endif]-->  Fonte: Revista Filosofia Capital
&nbsp;Abraços...Nilma =D