Modernidade
Autor: EXCLUSIVA MINERAÇÃO E SIDERURGIA | Publicado: 2016-11-09T02:57:00-08:00


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Transístor
de 1 nanômetro empurra limites da miniaturização

Redação
do Site Inovação Tecnológica&nbsp;-&nbsp; 11/10/2016















&nbsp;Esquema de funcionamento do transístor de 1 nanômetro - tudo em escala
atômica [Imagem:&nbsp;Sujay Desai/Berkeley Lab]







Limites
da eletrônica

Em tempos de transistores atômicos, o
título de menor transístor do mundo
começa a exigir a criação de categorias para os diversos tipos de avanços mais
recentes.



Em termos de um transístor
compatível com a tecnologia atual, um novo recorde acaba de ser estabelecido
por Sujay Desai e seus colegas da Universidade de Berkeley, nos EUA.



Desai usou uma camada de silício,
sobre a qual depositou uma monoatômica de molibdenita e nanotubos de carbono,
construindo um transístor cuja porta mede exatamente 1 nanômetro.



O feito é importante porque já se
defendeu que as leis da física impediriam fabricar transistores menores do que
10 nanômetros porque, abaixo disso, as leis da mecânica quântica passariam a
imperar e interfeririam com o funcionamento tradicional do componente.



A realidade mostrou que não é bem
assim, e vários transistores hoje usam justamente os fenômenos quânticos para
funcionar - eles são essencialmente "transistores quânticos".
Para a tecnologia da microeletrônica atual, à base de silício, os físicos hoje
defendem um limite físico dos transistores em 5 nanômetros, embora os processadores estejam chegando ao
patamar dos 7 nanômetros em escala experimental.

Transístor de nanotubo supera
     mais modernos transistores de silício


Há espaço para miniaturização

"Nós desenvolvemos um
transístor com uma porta de 1 nanômetro, mostrando que, escolhendo os materiais
adequados, há muito espaço para miniaturizarmos nossa eletrônica," disse o
professor Ali Javey, coordenador da equipe.



Os materiais escolhidos pela
equipe foram nanotubos de carbono e a promissora molibdenita (MoS2), um
material que já vem sendo pesquisado para uso em uma nova geração de LEDs,
lasers, células solares e, claro, transistores.



Resta agora o desafio nada
desprezível de fabricar esses nanotransistores em larga escala e com
funcionamento padronizado.



Bibliografia:

MoS2 transistors with 1-nanometer gate lengths
Sujay B. Desai, Surabhi R. Madhvapathy, Angada B. Sachid, Juan Pablo Llinas,
Qingxiao Wang, Geun Ho Ahn, Gregory Pitner, Moon J. Kim, Jeffrey Bokor,
Chenming Hu, H.-S. Philip Wong, Ali Javey
Science
Vol.: 354, Issue 6308, pp. 99-102
DOI: 10.1126/science.aah4698