TEXTO 10- VERBETES POLÍTICOS DA ENCICLOPÉDIA (DIDEROT E D’ALEMBERT)
Autor: Helder Cordeiro | Publicado: 2012-05-25T06:20:00-07:00

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A enciclopédia visa a
seleção de verbetes políticos para os estudiosos das mais diversas áreas,
especialmente pessoas ligada as ciências humanas, como é o caso da Filosofia,
Ciência Política e História, e de modo mais geral para aqueles que desejam
conhecer um pouco melhor o pensamento de uma época que marcou indelevelmente a
história cultural do Ocidente.

Desenvolvida no século XVIII
por Diderot e D’ Alembert que foram responsáveis pela criação e desenvolvimento
percebemos que se distanciavam de uma simples tradução da enciclopédia já
existente. Vale ressaltar que foram os principais representantes do Iluminismo
e tinham a oportunidade de combater as superstições e permitir o acesso de
todos.

Reunindo palavras e
expressões a riqueza de conhecimento que nos permite é bastante elevada. Tais
palavras denotam o que se perpassavam naquela época sem esquecer que muita
dessas palavras são usadas atualmente no nosso vocabulário.

Exemplificando de maneira
mais clara o sentido de palavras como: Cidade, Democracia, Despotismo, entre
outras.

O termo Cidade vem a supor a
relação entre uma pessoa física ou um ser moral público que quer sozinho, e os
seres físicos que não tem mais vontade.

A democracia vai ser umas
das formas simples de governo, na qual o povo, em corpo, detém a soberania.
Toda republica na qual a soberania reside nas mãos do povo é uma democracia. E
se o poder soberano residir somente nas mãos de uma parte do povo tem uma
aristocracia. As democracias vão elevar os espíritos, porque mostram o caminho
das honras e da glória mais aberto a todos os cidadãos, mais acessível e menos
limitado do que sob um governo de poucas pessoas e sob o governo de um só, nos
quais mil obstáculos impedem que isto aconteça. A necessidade de constituir uma
democracia é dividir o povo em certas classes, e sempre foi disto que dependeu
a duração e a prosperidade da democracia.

No caso do despotismo é um
governo tirânico, arbitrário e absoluto de um só homem. O principio desses
estados despóticos é que um só príncipe os governe segurando sua própria
vontade, não tendo absolutamente outra lei que o dirija a não ser a de seus
caprichos.

Toda essa estrutura da
enciclopédia nos revela contextos e significados que são validos até os dias
atuais. Uma forma de conscientizar e de difundir ainda mais o conhecimento.