Exemplo resolvido 1 : Habilidade 6 - Compreendendo um manual
Autor: Rodrigo Penna | Publicado: 2012-03-02T17:34:00-03:00

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(ENEM/2009) O uso da água do subsolo requer o bombeamento para um reservatório
elevado. A capacidade
de bombeamento (litros/hora) de uma bomba
hidráulica
depende da pressão
máxima
de bombeio, conhecida como altura manométrica
H (em metros),
do comprimento L da tubulação que se estende da bomba
até
o reservatório
(em metros),
da altura de bombeio h (em metros) e do
desempenho da bomba
(exemplificado no gráfico). De acordo
com os dados
a seguir, obtidos de um
fabricante de bombas,
para se determinar a quantidade de litros
bombeados por hora
para o reservatório com uma determinada
bomba, deve-se:

1&nbsp; - Escolher a linha apropriada na tabela
correspondente à altura (h), em
metros, da entrada
de água na bomba
até o reservatório.

2 - Escolher a coluna apropriada,
correspondente ao comprimento
total da tubulação (L), em metros, da bomba até o reservatório.

3 - Ler a altura manométrica
(H) correspondente ao cruzamento das respectivas linha
e coluna na tabela.
4 - Usar
a altura manométrica
no gráfico de desempenho
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Clique na figura para ampliar e focar.


Considere
que se deseja
usar uma bomba,
cujo desempenho
é descrito pelos dados acima, para encher um reservatório
de 1.200 L
que se encontra
30 m acima da entrada
da bomba. Para
fazer a tubulação
entre a bomba
e o reservatório seriam usados 200 m de cano.
Nessa situação, é de se esperar que
a bomba consiga
encher o reservatório



(A)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; entre 30 e
40 minutos.

(B)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; em menos
de 30 minutos.

(C)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; em mais
de 1 h e 40 minutos.

(D)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; entre 40 minutos e 1 h e 10 minutos.

(E)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
entre 1 h e 10 minutos e 1 h e 40 minutos.



CORREÇÃO



Embora envolva o conceito
de Vazão,
já abordado em
1998 e 2006, esta questão é diferente
das outras, porque seu
enfoque é Análise de Dados,
claramente.

A questão
ensina,
passo a passo,
como encontrar
a vazão e, só
depois, poderemos estimar
o tempo
para encher o reservatório. Brasileiro
detesta manuais! Sigamos&nbsp; as&nbsp; instruções&nbsp; de&nbsp; acordo&nbsp;
com&nbsp; os dados da questão –
V = 1200 L,
h = 30
 m, L = 200 m.

“Escolher a linha
apropriada na tabela
correspondente à altura (h)...

Escolher a coluna
apropriada, correspondente
ao comprimento total da tubulação
(L)...

Ler a altura manométrica (H) correspondente ao
cruzamento das respectivas linha e coluna...

Usar a altura manométrica no gráfico
de desempenho para
ler a vazão...” Façamos!




Clique na figura para ampliar e focar.




&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Observando a escala do gráfico, foi até
fácil achar
o ponto correspondente
a 45 m, ler na horizontal a vazão,
encontrando 900 litros/hora. Note que
a escala está de 100 em 100.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Agora,
para calcular o tempo, deu uma regra
de 3 tão simples
que eu
faria de cabeça,
mesmo: uma hora
mais um
terço de hora
para 1200
 L. Mas, para não deixar sem cálculos:


Clique na figura para ampliar e focar.


&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Por
fim, cada
hora tem 60 min, logo,
um terço
de uma hora são
20 min, totalizando algo em torno de 1 hora
e 20 minutos.



Habilidade segundo a Matriz: C2-H6, Relacionar informações para compreender manuais
de instalação ou
utilização de aparelhos,
ou sistemas
tecnológicos de uso
comum.





OPÇÃO: E.


Para mais exemplos resolvidos e comentados, consulte o blog:

&nbsp;- Correções do Enem.

&nbsp;- Correções da UFMG.