O Brasil e Superávit Primário
Autor: KLEBER DUARTE | Publicado: 2015-09-03T19:14:00-03:00

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A fórmula do superávit primário é básica e corresponde ao que se convencionou chamar de “dever de casa” em que
os governos devem adotar, através da economia nos gastos públicos diante de receitas muitas da vezes em queda. Assim se deve reequilibrar as contas fechando-as no azul
afim de demonstrar para os investidores que há seriedade na condução da política
econômica do país. 

Em
1999, o governo do então presidente Fernando Henrique Cardoso (FHC) implantou a
meta de Superávit Primário dentro do tripé de sustentação do plano Real, com: Cambio
flutuante, metas de inflação e superávit primário, estabelecida naquele ano, em 3,1% do PIB.
O principal é que quanto menor a dívida em relação ao PIB, mais o país mostra que é um “bom
pagador”, e, portanto, é maior a chance de conseguir taxas de juros mais
baixas, mais rentáveis, quando tiver que pedir dinheiro emprestado no mercado externo que está
sempre vigilante quanto às contas públicas do país. 



Trata-se
da contabilidade de Receita menos Despesa, excluído o gasto do governo com o
pagamento de juros da dívida pública, é o dinheiro que “sobra” nas contas do
governo por isso o superávit primário, é conhecido como a economia para pagar os juros. A meta
agora é chegar a um superávit primário de 1,1% do PIB no Governo Federal.



A meta
de esforço fiscal, em 2015 para União, estados, municípios e estatais corresponde a R$
66,3 bilhões (1,1% do PIB) para este ano. Desse total, R$ 55,3 bilhões
correspondiam ao Governo Central (Tesouro Nacional, Previdência Social e Banco
Central) e R$ 10 bilhões para os governos locais. As metas para 2016, 2017 e
2018, que estavam em 2% do PIB, foram reduzidas para 0,7% no próximo ano e 1,3%
em 2017.