O Orgulho Gay e a luta pela igualdade na sociedade 
Autor: Prof.Elias Feitosa | Publicado: 2017-06-18T19:49:00-07:00




Parada do Orgulho Gay em Nova York, 2008.

Fonte: Wikipédia




No âmbito da sociedade civil contemporânea, uma das maiores discussões da atualidade é sobre a igualdade civil para os homossexuais. Durante séculos
tratados como “aberrações” ou “ameaças demoníacas” por “atentarem” contra os
padrões morais da sociedade influenciada pela cultura judaico-cristã, ao longo
da segunda metade do século XX construiu-se uma militância para colocar em
discussão o tema e exigir mudanças no modo com que a sociedade e o Estado tratavam os
homossexuais.&nbsp;

Uma discussão que sempre reaparece é o inconformismo de algumas pessoas com o fato de se abrir espaço para o festejo e visibilidade do Orgulho Gay e não se permitir o mesmo para o "orgulho heterossexual". A explicação para este inconformismo deriva da "naturalização" da heteronormatividade, quer dizer, tudo que for diverso disso parece não fazer sentido. Portanto, para estes inconformados, seria "normal" festejar sua condição e acredito que a maioria desconheça que estes conceitos (heterossexualidade, homossexualidade, bissexualidade) têm um pouco mais que um século de existência, sendo derivados dos manuais de medicina do final do século XIX.

Assim, a ignorância histórica e a dificuldade de fazer o "exercício mental" de se colocar na condição daqueles que foram excluídos da sociedade por séculos e agora lutam por um espaço igual, parece ser um grande obstáculo, portanto, soaria como reiterar privilégios, que de certa forma, os heterossexuais já dispõem: demonstrar afeto em lugares públicos, um simples caminhar de mãos dadas ou um beijo, que podem ser coisas "normais" para os heterossexuais, mas se tornam "atentado violento ao pudor" quando se trata de homossexuais e salvo raras exceções, heterossexuais não são assassinados ou espancados pela sua condição.


Um marco nesse processo foi a conquista da autorização para
realizar em São Paulo a “Parada do Orgulho Gay” em 1997, a primeira do Brasil, hoje chamada de
“Parada do Orgulho LGTB”, a qual visa à defesa da igualdade de direitos civis
às lésbicas, gays, transexuais e bissexuais. São cidadãos que colocam na rua e à luz do dia aquilo que outrora sempre fora obrigado a
ser “escondido” por ser malvisto, seja no âmbito religioso (pecado), seja no
âmbito moral (perversão, promiscuidade).&nbsp;



Vale lembrar que somente em 1990 a
Organização Mundial de Saúde retirou do Código Internacional de Doenças a
homossexualidade. No Brasil, apenas em 1999 o Conselho Nacional de Psicologia
deixou de considerar a homossexualidade como “desvio sexual”, portanto, algo
que poderia até aquele momento ser tratado.No entanto, existem segmentos conservadores que insistem nesta concepção, desrespeitando tanto a posição científica quanto a humanitária.










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A tensão é bastante grande, porque as ações de
afirmação para a comunidade LGTB ainda esbarram no moralismo conservador que
está presente tanto na sociedade como na atuação dos agentes do Estado: foi a
partir da Comissão Nacional de Justiça que obtiveram em 2013 a equiparação da
união civil à dos heterossexuais, contando com o aval do Supremo Tribunal
Federal no que diz respeito aos direitos e deveres para com o Estado; mas ainda
há uma intensa resistência da sociedade, especialmente dos segmentos
conservadores ligados à influência judaico-cristã e tradicionalista, que
repudiam a existência de um modelo de família diferente da chamada
“tradicional” estabelecida pelo casamento de um homem e de uma mulher. Por essa
razão, não foi votada como um projeto de lei pelo Congresso Nacional, onde os
deputados e senadores ligados aos segmentos conservadores cristãos pressionam
contra qualquer medida dessa natureza.






Nos EUA, em 26 de junho de 2015, a Suprema Corte aprovou para todos os estados da federação o casamento entre pessoas do mesmo sexo, derrubando barreiras que alguns estados tinham criado por conta do federalismo.&nbsp;

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<!--StartFragment-->





Em
2015, a presidente Dilma Rousseff sancionou um decreto que permite aos
transexuais (travestis, transgêneros e as diferentes possibilidades de
comportamento nessa condição) a usarem o “nome social” – por exemplo, uma
pessoa que do ponto de vista biológico é identificada como homem, mas que na
sua individualidade se sente e se entende como mulher, poderá em seus
documentos de registro adotar formalmente a identidade feminina.


É uma medida
que contempla os debates de gênero mais recentes, porém esbarra ainda no
preconceito entranhado na sociedade, onde cotidianamente uma situação como esta
é tratada com “desdém e escárnio”, tanto pelo cidadão, como às vezes pelos
próprios funcionários do Estado nas diferentes esferas (município, estado e
federação).&nbsp;



A ruptura do ciclo preconceituoso é bastante lento, porém com educação, informação e discussão é o caminho mais seguro para combater o extremismo e a violência. No entanto, muitos "defensores" da moral e dos bons costumes não medem esforços em usar da agressão (psicológica, física, verbal, intelectual, etc) para reafirmar sua soberba ignorância.



Um exemplo disso foi em 2015, quando o prefeito Fernando Haddad (2012-2016) tentou implementar a discussão sobre gênero no currículo das Escolas Municipais e foi derrotado em virtude da movimentação intensa da bancada conservadora que interpretava tal medida como a imposição de uma "ideologia de gênero", isto é, no sentido de ser algo que pudesse ser ensinado para as crianças, "transformando-as" em homossexuais.



Obviamente que se trata de um argumento falso e sem nexo, mas pressionou a votação dos vereadores na Câmara Municipal, retirando este tema do currículo municipal.



Ainda assim, apesar dos reveses, as mudanças de pensar e viver são um ponto estratégico
para que passemos da tolerância para a condição do respeito e compreensão das
diferenças, afinal, somos todos pessoas distintas, mas nossos direitos na
sociedade devem ser iguais, independentemente de etnia, crença, gênero e
condição socioeconômica. Portanto, as instituições que formam o Estado e a sociedade civil não devem discriminar nenhum indivíduo, pelo contrário, devem assegurar o respeito e a integridade física de todos.<!--EndFragment-->

Que nossos corpos e consciências sejam livres, sem opressão ou imposição de visões alheias, mas que cada pessoa, dentro de sua liberdade plena, possa escolher o melhor caminho para amar e ser feliz, escapando de qualquer violência, preconceito ou juízo moral.



Sugestão do Gabinete:









Milk:
a voz da igualdade. Direção: Gus Van Sant, 2008, 128 min.



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Início dos anos
1970. Harvey Milk (Sean Penn) é um nova-iorquino que, para mudar de vida,
decidiu morar com seu namorado Scott (James Franco) em San Francisco, onde
abriram uma pequena loja de revelação fotográfica. Disposto a enfrentar a
violência e o preconceito da época, Milk busca direitos iguais e oportunidades
para todos, sem discriminação sexual. Com a colaboração de amigos e voluntários
(não necessariamente homossexuais), Milk entra numa intensa batalha política e
consegue ser eleito para o quadro de supervisor da cidade de San Francisco em
1977, tornando-se o primeiro gay assumido a alcançar um cargo público de
importância nos Estados Unidos.