A Teoria da "Maiêutica" defendida por Sócrates
Autor: Sueni Maria da Silva | Publicado: 2012-05-06T06:15:00-07:00

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A
maiêutica de Sócrates conduz uma pessoa a descobrir o conhecimento sobre um
determinado objeto de discussão. &nbsp;Sócrates que supunha haver ideias inatas, sobre
uma determinada coisa, a maiêutica consistia, mais precisamente, em fazer
recordar, despertando os conhecimentos virtualmente possuídos. A maiêutica
Socrática tem como significado de dar a luz, ou seja, parir ideias. Ela consiste em perguntar, em interrogar, em
inquirir: O que é isto? O que significa? Essa atitude de questionamento
Sócrates tinha andando pelas ruas, fazendo perguntas simples para as pessoas, a
respeito de um determinado assunto, com objetivo de conhecer a forma de pensar
do homem, a respeito de valores e preconceitos da sociedade, e ter uma nova ideia,
uma opinião sobre um determinado assunto. Daí auxiliá-los a mudar seu jeito de
pensar sobre os valores que a sociedade impõe e com isso aprender a pensar por
si mesmo. A maiêutica para Sócrates se baseia na ideia de que o conhecimento
está oculto na mente do ser humano, e pode ser descoberto pelas perguntas e
respostas. Ele não aceitava uma definição superficial, a cada resposta ia
fazendo mais perguntas, indagando, até chegar à resposta mais precisa possível.
Mas que nunca aceitava como uma posição definitiva. Para a Maiêutica o
conhecimento está latente no homem, sendo apenas necessário criar condições
para que ele passe da eficácia do ato, para crescer na capacidade de recordação
e lembrança.

Tal técnica deve
seu nome socrático a Sócrates, o filósofo grego do séc.v. a.c., que teria siso
o primeiro a utilizá-la. O filósofo não deixou nenhuma obra escrita, mas seus
diálogos foram transmitidos por seu discípulo Platão. Em seus textos Sócrates,
utilizou um discurso caracterizado pela maiêutica, levando a induzir uma pessoa,
por ela mesma, ou seja, por seu próprio raciocínio, ou conhecimento ou a
solução de sua dúvida e pela ironia, levava o seu interlocutor a entra em
contradição de suas ideias, depois tentava leva-lo a chegar a conclusão de que
o seu conhecimento é limitado. Só sei que nada sei e a elevação da ética e da
arte de viver, visto que no ensino a felicidade seria o fim a ser alcançado na
vida do ser humano. A maiêutica proposta por Sócrates é considerado até nos
dias atuais um dos homens mais sábios que já existiu na face da terra. Onde ele
denominava maiêutica a engenhosa obstetrícia do espírito, que facilitava a
parir as ideias.



&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; http://br.answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20061022081229AAxFsc8

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mai%C3%AAutica



Apostila: 1º Período: A
filosofia da educação.



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