Infinitive/ Bare Infinitive/ Gerund
Autor: Ana Rosa Vivarini | Publicado: 2015-11-18T23:11:00-08:00


Infinitive and Gerund

O infinitivo é a forma original do verbo tal qual se encontra num dicionário. Pode aparecer na frase com ou sem o “to”. O gerúndio é o verbo com a terminação –ing.

O infinitivo com “to” é de uso mais amplo aparecendo após a grande maioria dos verbos, adjetivos, advérbios, nomes, pronomes, etc:

I expect to be there.
This car is hard to park.
She knows where to find the keys.

Também pode indicar propósito, finalidade:

They went there to buy something = They went there in order to buy something.

Use o infinitivo sem o “to”:

1. após modal verbs (can, could, must, etc.)
2. após os auxiliares do-does-did-will-would
3. após had better, would rather, rather than
4. após as preposições but e except: She did nothing but complain.
5. após os verbos make e let: You make me feel brand new.
Let me help you!

O gerúndio é usado como substantivo nas funções de sujeito, objeto indireto ou objeto indireto (após preposição use sempre o gerúndio):

1. Swimming is his favourite sport.
2. He likes swimming.
3. They were prevented from swimming.

É usado também após os verbos go e come indicando atividade física, e na expressão go shopping:

We’re going riding this afternoon.
When are you going shopping? As soon as we get our salary.

Sempre use o gerúndio após os verbos abaixo:

Admit &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Understand
Avoid &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Excuse
Appreciate &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Finish
Consider &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Keep
Delay &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Mention
Fancy &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Mind
Deny &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Miss
Detest &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Practice
Dislike &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;Resist
Enjoy &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;Risk
Escape &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Quit

Da mesma forma com os verbos de percepção:

Feel &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; See
Observe &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Notice
Hear &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Watch

Atente para o uso das seguintes expressões abaixo. Algumas vêm acompanhadas de infinitivo (com ou sem o “to”), outras de gerúndio:

1. Had better (’d better): é melhor, seria melhor - sem o “to” (expressa conselho)

You’d better tell me the truth.
Had she better try again?
You’d better not leave late.

2. Would rather (’d rather): preferir

We’d rather stay home.
Would you rather watch tv?
I’d rather not see her now.

3. Used to: costumava; indica ação habitual no passado:

I used to love you.
Did he use to play tennis as a child?
They didn’t use to go to the movies.

4. Be used to/Be accustomed to/ get used to: estar acostumado a – são sempre seguidas de gerúndio porque o “to”, no caso, é preposição:

We’re used to getting up late.

5. Can’t help: não poder deixar de – sempre seguida de gerúndio:

I can’t help falling in love.

6. To be worth/worthwhile: valer a pena

It was worth listening to him.