AULA DO DIA 28/08/2012
Autor: DR4AB34 | Publicado: 2012-09-01T19:10:00-07:00

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RESPONSABILIDADE
CIVIL



1)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
Noções
Introdutórias da Responsabilidade Civil

--&gt; “Respondere”:
segurança/garantia, restituição, compensação do bem sacrificado.



&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; --&gt;Quanto à natureza da
norma violada:



*Responsabilidade moral: livre-arbítrio
+ consciência da obrigação



*Responsabilidade Jurídica:
responsabilidade civil e responsabilidade penal.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; - Responsabilidade civil: restabelece
status “quo ante”.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; - Responsabilidade penal: lesão aos
deveres para com a sociedade.



2)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
Conceito
de Responsabilidade Civil.

-&gt;Conduta voluntária
violada de um dever jurídico de cuidado.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; - Prática de um ato ilícito ou licito.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; - Reparação do dano moral ou
patrimonial.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; - Pessoa, fato da coisa,
animal, imposição legal.



2.1) Aspectos principais
do conceito.

- Dano: não há
responsabilidade civil sem dono.

- Há responsabilidade
civil sem culpa

- Em regra o próprio agente
indeniza. Se não tem bens?

- Fato de pessoas ou
coisas.

A responsabilidade civil
pode ser transubjetiva – pessoas ou coisas que dependem do agente

- Art. 932 culpa "in eligendo” e “in vigilanso”

- Art. 936 culpa "in custodiando".



3)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; História da Responsabilidade
Civil.&nbsp;

a)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
Primórdios:
imediatismo e brutalidade, instinto predominante a vingança privada, reparação
do mal pelo mal.

- A culpa sequer era
cogitada, bastava o dano. Responsabilidade objetiva



--&gt;Lesão pretérita, regulação
do castigo na lei de Talião (Babilônia 1780 A.C)

--&gt;Responsabilidade
Penal anterior a Responsabilidade Civil.



b)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
Código
de Manu (Índia) e Lei da XI tábuas (constituição Romana) 900 anos.

--&gt;Período da
composição voluntária, substituição da retaliação por compensação econômica,
dinheiro substituindo o castigo físico, ainda predominava a responsabilidade
objetiva.

--&gt;Há uma tarifação dos
danos para cada tipo de lesão.



c)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
Lei
Aquillia (286 A.C)

--&gt;Primeiras ideias
acerca da culpa. Subjetiva.



d)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
Idade
Media: Responsabilidade Civil ao lado da Penal, aquecimento da liberdade
contratual.



e)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
Idade
Contemporânea

--&gt; Revolução Francesa
(1789), código de Napoleão.

--&gt;Previsão da
Responsabilidade contratual; distinção entre responsabilidade civil e penal.

--&gt;Influência no CC brasileiro.
Teoria da Culpa Art. 186 C.C.