takojunior/llama_2_finetune_small huggingface dataset:
Question: input with options: Answer the following question given this paragraph:   Electronic components are the parts used in electronic devices such as computers. Types of electronic components include diodes, transistors, and integrated circuits.   Q: What are the parts used in electronic devices such as computers called?   A:
output: electronic components

input with options: Answer the following question given this paragraph:   Most plant cells have a large central vacuole . It can make up as much as 90 percent of a plant cell’s total volume. The central vacuole is like a large storage container. It may store substances such as water, enzymes, and salts. It may have other roles as well. For example, the central vacuole helps stems and leaves hold their shape. It may also contain pigments that give flowers their colors.   Q: Most plant cells have a large central what?   A:
output: vacuole

input with options: Answer the following question given this paragraph:   Surface waves travel along the ground outward from an earthquake’s epicenter. Surface waves are the slowest of all seismic waves. They travel at 2.5 km (1.5 miles) per second. There are two types of surface waves. Love waves move side-to-side, much like a snake. Rayleigh waves produce a rolling motion as they move up and backward ( Figure above ). Surface waves cause objects to fall and rise. They also cause objects to sway back and forth. These motions cause damage to rigid structures during an earthquake.   Q: How many types of surface waves are there?   A:
output: two

input with options: Answer the following question given this paragraph:   The decay of an unstable isotope to a stable element occurs at a constant rate. This rate is different for each isotope pair. The decay rate is measured in a unit called the half-life. The half-life is the time it takes for half of a given amount of an isotope to decay. For example, the half-life of carbon-14 is 5730 years. Imagine that you start out with 100 grams of carbon-14. In 5730 years, half of it decays. This leaves 50 grams of carbon-14. Over the next 5730 years, half of the remaining amount will decay. Now there are 25 grams of carbon-14. How many grams will there be in another 5730 years? Figure below graphs the rate of decay of carbon-14.   Q: The decay rate is measured in a unit called the what?   A:
output:
Answer: half-life
Question: Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph:   When charged particles accelerate , changing electric and magnetic fields radiate outward. The traveling electric and magnetic fields of an accelerating (often oscillating) charged particle are known as electromagnetic radiation or light.   Q: Changing electric and mnagnetic fields radiate outward when?   A:
A: charged particles accelerate

Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph:   32.3 Asexual Reproduction Many plants reproduce asexually as well as sexually. In asexual reproduction, part of the parent plant is used to generate a new plant. Grafting, layering, and micropropagation are some methods used for artificial asexual reproduction. The new plant is genetically identical to the parent plant from which the stock has been taken. Asexually reproducing plants thrive well in stable environments. Plants have different life spans, dependent on species, genotype, and environmental conditions. Parts of the plant, such as regions containing meristematic tissue, continue to grow, while other parts experience programmed cell death. Leaves that are no longer photosynthetically active are shed from the plant as part of senescence, and the nutrients from these leaves are recycled by the plant. Other factors, including the presence of hormones, are known to play a role in delaying senescence.   Q: What is the type of reproduction where part of the parent plant is used to generate a new plant?   A:
A: asexual reproduction

Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph:   Figure 11.7 Meiosis and mitosis are both preceded by one round of DNA replication; however, meiosis includes two nuclear divisions. The four daughter cells resulting from meiosis are haploid and genetically distinct. The daughter cells resulting from mitosis are diploid and identical to the parent cell.   Q: Meiosis and mitosis are both preceded by one round of what?   A:
A: dna replication

Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph:   Absorptive protists absorb food molecules across their cell membranes. This occurs by diffusion . These protists are important decomposers.   Q: What protists absorb food molecules across their cell membranes?   A:

Answer: A: absorptive
Question: Answer the following question given this paragraph:   There must be more to this story than just gas exchange with the environment. To begin to appreciate the role of oxygen inside your body, think about when your breathing rate increases: climbing a steep slope, running a race, or skating a shift in a hockey game. Respiration rate correlates with energy use, and that correlation reflects the link between oxygen and energy metabolism. For this reason, the chemical process inside your cells that consume oxygen to produce usable energy is known as cellular respiration . During this process, energy is converted from glucose , in the presence of oxygen, into numerous ATP molecules. The glucose, of course, comes from the food you eat. In biological terms, you do not eat because you are hungry, you eat to get energy. Other heterotrophic organisms also acquire glucose from other organisms, whereas autotrophic organisms make their own glucose, mostly through photosynthesis.   Q: Respiration rate correlates with what?   A:
Answer: energy use
Question: Question: Answer the following question given this paragraph:   Because of human activities, there is more carbon dioxide in the atmosphere today than in the past hundreds of thousands of years. Burning fossil fuels and has released great quantities of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. Cutting forests and clearing land has also increased carbon dioxide into the atmosphere because these activities reduce the number of autotrophic organisms that use up carbon dioxide in photosynthesis. In addition, clearing often involves burning, which releases carbon dioxide that was previously stored in autotrophs.   Q: Cutting forests and clearing land has also increased the amount of what in the atmosphere?   A:
Answer: carbon dioxide

Question: Answer the following question given this paragraph:   Gases are also capable of dissolving in liquids. There are many examples of this in our everyday lives. For example, carbonated beverages contain dissolved carbon dioxide. We notice this when bubbles come out of solution when the beverage is opened. Another example is when oxygen from the air we breathe dissolves in our blood, where it is transported throughout the body. Fish and other aquatic organisms use gills to capture dissolved oxygen from their environments.   Q: Fish and other aquatic organisms use gills to capture dissolved what?   A:
Answer: oxygen

Question: Answer the following question given this paragraph:   The amount of space matter takes up is its volume . How the volume of matter is measured depends on its state.   Q: What term means the amount of space matter takes up?   A:
Answer:
Answer: volume
Question: Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph:   Ground subsidence is a consequences of groundwater overuse.   Q: Ground subsidence is a consequences of the overuse of what?   A:
A: groundwater

Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph:   The amniotic egg is an important adaptation in fully terrestrial vertebrates. It first evolved in reptiles. The shells of reptile eggs are either hard or leathery.   Q: What type of eggs do fully terrestrial vertebrates carry?   A:
A: amniotic

Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph:   Chemical changes are changes in the makeup and chemical properties of matter. An example of a chemical change is wood burning.   Q: What are changes in makeup and chemical properties of matter called?   A:
A: chemical changes

Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph:   Ocean waves are among the most impressive waves in the world. They clearly show that waves transfer energy. In the case of ocean waves, energy is transferred through matter. But some waves, called electromagnetic waves, can transfer energy without traveling through matter. These waves can travel through space. You can read more about electromagnetic waves in the chapter "Electromagnetic Radiation. " Waves that transfer energy through matter are the focus of the present chapter. These waves are called mechanical waves.   Q: What term describes waves that transfer energy through matter?   A:

Answer: A: mechanical waves
Question: Problem: OPTIONS:
- structure
- element
- lipid
- solution
Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph:   Solution 1. Saltwater acts as if it were a single substance even though it contains two substances—salt and water. Saltwater is a homogeneous mixture, or a solution. Soil is composed of small pieces of a variety of materials, so it is a heterogeneous mixture. Water is a substance; more specifically, because water is composed of hydrogen and oxygen, it is a compound. Oxygen, a substance, is an element.   Q: Saltwater is a homogeneous mixture, another term for what?   A:
Answer: solution
Problem: OPTIONS:
- stems
- fibroblasts
- cells
- chloroplasts
Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph:   In plants and algae, photosynthesis takes place in organelles called chloroplasts. Chloroplasts contain stacks of membranes called thylakoids, which contain chlorophyll. Thylakoids are surrounded by a fluid-filled space called stroma.   Q: In plants and algae, photosynthesis takes place in which organelles?   A:
Answer: chloroplasts
Problem: OPTIONS:
- snow
- salt water
- glaciers
- fresh water
Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph:   All living things need water. For most human uses, water must be fresh. Of all the water on Earth, only 1 percent is fresh, liquid water. Most of the rest of Earth’s water is either salt water in the ocean or ice in glaciers and ice caps.   Q: Although humans require it, what accounts for just one percent of all water on earth?   A:
Answer:
Answer: fresh water
Question: Question: Answer the following question given this paragraph:   To research how characteristics are passed from parents to offspring, Mendel needed to control pollination. Pollination is the fertilization step in the sexual reproduction of plants. Pollen consists of tiny grains that are the male gametes of plants. They are produced by a male flower part called the anther (see Figure below ). Pollination occurs when pollen is transferred from the anther to the stigma of the same or another flower. The stigma is a female part of a flower. It passes the pollen grains to female gametes in the ovary.   Q: What is the fertilization step in the sexual reproduction of plants?   A:
Answer: pollination

Question: Answer the following question given this paragraph:      Q: What happens when turgid cells in a nonwoody tissue push against each other?   A:
Answer: the tissue stiffens

Question: Answer the following question given this paragraph:   Polar compounds, such as water, are compounds that have a partial negative charge on one side of each molecule and a partial positive charge on the other side. All polar compounds contain polar bonds (although not all compounds that contain polar bonds are polar. ) In a polar bond, two atoms share electrons unequally. One atom attracts the shared electrons more strongly, so it has a partial negative charge. The other atom attracts the shared electrons less strongly, so it is has a partial positive charge. In a water molecule, the oxygen atom attracts the shared electrons more strongly than the hydrogen atoms do. This explains why the oxygen side of the water molecule has a partial negative charge and the hydrogen side of the molecule has a partial positive charge.   Q: All polar compounds contain what type of bonds?   A:
Answer:
Answer: polar
Question: Pick your answer from:
A). moisture
B). blood
C). hair
D). cuticle

Answer the following question given this paragraph:   Dermal tissue covers the outside of a plant. It's like the plant's skin. Cells of dermal tissue secrete a waxy substance called cuticle. Cuticle helps prevent water loss and damage to the plant.   Q: What do cells of dermal tissue secrete?   A:
Answer:
Answer: D).
Question: Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph:      Q: What is the multicellular diploid stage called?   A:

Choose your answer from:
[i] blastocyte.
[ii] sporangium.
[iii] lymphocyte.
[iv] sporophyte.
A:
Answer: [iv]
Question: Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph:   The axon of many neurons has an outer layer called a myelin sheath (see Figure above ). Myelin is a lipid produced by a type of a glial cell known as a Schwann cell. The myelin sheath acts like a layer of insulation, similar to the plastic that encases an electrical cord. Regularly spaced nodes, or gaps, in the myelin sheath allow nerve impulses to skip along the axon very rapidly.   Q: What is the outer layer of an axon that acts like a layer of insulation, similar to the plastic that encases an electrical cord?   A:

OPTIONS:
- lipids sheath
- nerve sheath
- layer sheath
- myelin sheath

A: myelin sheath


Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph:   Breakwaters are structures that protect the coast like barrier islands. Groins are structures that help prevent longshore drift from eroding a beach.   Q: What are structures that protect the coast like barrier islands called?   A:

OPTIONS:
- domes
- dunes
- fortresses
- breakwaters

A: breakwaters


Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph:      Q: Muscles and skin are examples of what, consisting of specialized cells?   A:

OPTIONS:
- layers
- molecules
- ligaments
- tissues

A: tissues


Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph:      Q: Meiosis in the sporophyte produces haploid cells called what?   A:

OPTIONS:
- fibers
- ions
- seeds
- spores

A:
Answer: spores
Question: Answer the following question given this paragraph:   Diabetes is another type of noninfectious disease. Diabetes occurs when the pancreas doesn’t make enough insulin or else the body’s cells are resistant to the effects of insulin. Insulin is a hormone that helps cells absorb glucose from the blood.   Q: What occurs when the pancreas doesn’t make enough insulin or else the body’s cells are resistant to the effects of insulin?   A:
Answer:
Answer: diabetes
Question: Answer the following question given this paragraph:   Secondary succession occurs in a formerly inhabited area that was disturbed. Soil is already in place, so pioneer species include small plants such as grasses.   Q: What occurs in a formerly inhabited area that was disturbed?   A:

Answer: secondary succession


Answer the following question given this paragraph:   The vertebral column is the core of the vertebrate endoskeleton, or internal skeleton. You can see a human skeleton as an example of the vertebrate endoskeleton in Figure below . In addition to the vertebral column, the vertebrate endoskeleton includes:.   Q: The vertebrate endoskeleton can also be called what?   A:

Answer: internal skeleton


Answer the following question given this paragraph:   The four-chambered mammalian heart can pump blood in two different directions. The right side of the heart pumps blood to the lungs to pick up oxygen. The left side of the heart pumps blood containing oxygen to the rest of the body. Because of the dual pumping action of the heart, all of the blood going to body cells is rich in oxygen.   Q: How many chambers does a mammalian heart have?   A:

Answer:
Answer: four
Question: input with options: Answer the following question given this paragraph:      Q: The toothlessness of modern birds, which serves to trim the weight of the head, is an example of what?   A:
OPTIONS:
- mutation
- genetic drift
- variety
- adaptation
output: adaptation

input with options: Answer the following question given this paragraph:   It could easily be said that a cell is the fundamental unit of life, the smallest unit capable of life or the structural and functional unit necessary for life. But whatever it is, a cell is necessary for life. The Cell Biology chapter will discuss some of the fundamental properties of the cell, with lessons that include the cell structure, transport in and out of the cell, energy metabolism, and cell division and reproduction.   Q: What can be thought of as the fundamental unit of life?   A:
OPTIONS:
- ion
- atom
- electron
- cell
output: cell

input with options: Answer the following question given this paragraph:   The story is quite different for gases. Gases take the shape of their container, and they are relatively easy to compress. There are fewer gas particles per unit volume than for the same substance in the liquid or solid form. In fact, the liquid form of a given material is generally several hundred times more dense than the gas form at normal pressures. Despite the large amounts of empty space, a sample of a gas contains many particles moving around, colliding and imparting force on their surroundings. For example, in a one mole sample of gas at 0°C and 1 atm of pressure, each cubic centimeter contains roughly 2.7 × 10 19 molecules. Each molecule participates in several billion collisions every second, moving only about 10-100 nanometers between collisions. Additionally, these gas particles move at very high speeds. For example, at 25°C, the average speed of hydrogen molecules in a sample of hydrogen gas is 1960 m/s.   Q: What take the shape of their container, and are relatively easy to compress?   A:
OPTIONS:
- molecules
- semi-fluids
- fluids
- gases
output: gases

input with options: Answer the following question given this paragraph:   layers: mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, and serosa. The enteric nervous system provides intrinsic innervation, and the autonomic nervous system provides extrinsic innervation.   Q: The enteric nervous system provides intrinsic innervation, and the autonomic nervous system provides this?   A:
OPTIONS:
- arise innervation
- complex innervation
- autonomic innervation
- extrinsic innervation
output:
Answer: extrinsic innervation
Question: Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph:   All living things have ways of maintaining a stable internal environment. This stable condition is called homeostasis.   Q: All living things maintain a stable internal environment through what process?   A:

OPTIONS:
- consciousness
- alertness
- maintenance
- homeostasis

A: homeostasis


Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph:   invertebrates produce uric acid. Animals that secrete urea as the primary nitrogenous waste material are called ureotelic animals.   Q: The primary nitrogenous waste material secreted by ureotelic animals is what substance?   A:

OPTIONS:
- ammonia
- carbon
- nitrate
- urea

A: urea


Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph:   Some of Earth’s freshwater is found in wetlands. A wetland is an area that is covered with water, or at least has very soggy soil, during all or part of the year. Certain species of plants thrive in wetlands, and they are rich ecosystems. Freshwater wetlands are usually found at the edges of steams, rivers, ponds, or lakes. Wetlands can also be found at the edges of seas.   Q: What is the name for an area that is covered in water, or at least has soggy soil, during all or part of the year?   A:

OPTIONS:
- coastal zone
- a stream
- a crater
- a wetland

A: a wetland


Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph:   Ribosomes are small organelles and are the site of protein synthesis. Ribosomes are found in all cells.   Q: What are small organelles and are the site of protein synthesis?   A:

OPTIONS:
- nucleus
- vacuoles
- chloroplasts
- ribosomes

A:
Answer: ribosomes
Question: Problem: 
Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph:   Figure 30.4 Leaves are attached to the plant stem at areas called nodes. An internode is the stem region between two nodes. The petiole is the stalk connecting the leaf to the stem. The leaves just above the nodes arose from axillary buds.   Q: What is the term for the stalk connecting a leaf to a stem?   A:
Answer: petiole
Problem: 
Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph:   Many mutations are not caused by errors in replication. Mutations can happen spontaneously, and they can be caused by mutagens in the environment. Some chemicals, such as those found in tobacco smoke, can be mutagens. Sometimes mutagens can also cause cancer. Tobacco smoke, for example, is often linked to lung cancer.   Q: What can happen spontaneously or as a result of mutagens in the environment?   A:
Answer: mutations
Problem: 
Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph:   When waves of two different frequencies interfere, a phenomenon known as beating occurs. The frequency of a beat is the difference of the two frequencies.   Q: When waves of two different frequencies interfere, what phenomenon occurs?   A:
Answer:
Answer: beating
Question: input: OPTIONS:
- mitosis
- electrolysis
- anaphase
- cytokinesis Now, answer this question: Answer the following question given this paragraph:   Cytokinesis is the final stage of cell division in eukaryotes as well as prokaryotes. During cytokinesis, the cytoplasm splits in two and the cell divides. Cytokinesis occurs somewhat differently in plant and animal cells, as shown in Figure below . In animal cells, the plasma membrane of the parent cell pinches inward along the cell’s equator until two daughter cells form. In plant cells, a cell plate forms along the equator of the parent cell. Then, a new plasma membrane and cell wall form along each side of the cell plate.   Q: What is the final stage of cell division in eukaryotes as well as prokaryotes?   A:
A:
output: cytokinesis

input: OPTIONS:
- hydrochloric acids
- inorganic acids
- carbolic acids
- organic acids Now, answer this question: Answer the following question given this paragraph:   Common acids and the polyatomic anions derived from them have their own names and rules for nomenclature. The nomenclature of acids differentiates between oxoacids, in which the H+ ion is attached to an oxygen atom of a polyatomic ion, and acids in which the H + ion is attached to another element. Carboxylic acids are an important class of organic acids. Ammonia is an important base, as are its organic derivatives, the amines.   Q: What class of acids do carboxylic acids fall under?   A:
A:
output: organic acids

input: OPTIONS:
- micro muscle
- tough muscle
- rough muscle
- smooth muscle Now, answer this question: Answer the following question given this paragraph:   Smooth muscles and cardiac muscles are not attached to bone. Recall that these types of muscles are under involuntary control. Smooth muscle is responsible for the contractility of hollow organs, such as blood vessels, the gastrointestinal tract, the bladder, or the uterus. Like skeletal muscles, smooth muscle fibers do contract together, causing the muscle to shorten. Smooth muscles have numerous functions, including the following.   Q: What kind of muscle is responsible for hollow organs contracting?   A:
A:
output:
Answer: smooth muscle
Question: Answer the following question given this paragraph:   The human eye can distinguish only red, green, and blue light. These three colors are the primary colors of light. All other colors of light can be created by combining the primary colors. Secondary colors of light—cyan, yellow, and magenta—form when two primary colors combine equally.   Q: What three primary colors of light can be distinguished by the human eye?   A:
Answer:
Answer: red, green, blue
Question: Answer the following question given this paragraph:   Plankton are tiny aquatic organisms that cannot move on their own. They live in the photic zone. They include phytoplankton and zooplankton. Phytoplankton are bacteria and algae that use sunlight to make food. Zooplankton are tiny animals that feed on phytoplankton.   Q: What is the name for tiny animals that feed on phytoplankton?   A:
Answer:
Answer: zooplankton