takojunior/llama_2_finetune_small huggingface dataset:
Question: Ques: Q: What supports and protects the soft organs of the body?   Read this paragraph and choose the correct option from the provided answers:  Protection. The skeleton supports and protects the soft organs of the body. For example, the skull surrounds the brain to protect it from injury. The bones of the rib cage help protect the heart and lungs.   Choices:  - Skin  - skull  - Muscle  - skeleton   A:
Ans: skeleton

Ques: Q: Intermediate filaments tend to give the structural stability to what?   Read this paragraph and choose the correct option from the provided answers:  8.7.1 Intermediate Filaments These are rope like filaments, 8-10nm in diameter and tend to give the structural stability to cells. Examples inculude Vimentin, neurofilaments and keratin. It is keratin which priniciply makes up hair, nails and horns.   Choices:  - nerves  - proteins  - muscles  - cells   A:
Ans: cells

Ques: Q: Cellular respiration and photosynthesis are important parts of which cycle?   Read this paragraph and choose the correct option from the provided answers:  Cellular respiration and photosynthesis are important parts of the carbon cycle. The carbon cycle is the pathways through which carbon is recycled in the biosphere. While cellular respiration releases carbon dioxide into the environment, photosynthesis pulls carbon dioxide out of the atmosphere. The exchange of carbon dioxide and oxygen during photosynthesis ( Figure below ) and cellular respiration worldwide helps to keep atmospheric oxygen and carbon dioxide at stable levels.   Choices:  - vapor cycle  - greenhouse effect  - water cycle  - carbon cycle   A:
Ans: carbon cycle

Ques: Q: What do plants make to store extra glucose?   Read this paragraph and choose the correct option from the provided answers:  Starches are complex carbohydrates. They are polymers of glucose. Starches contain hundreds of glucose monomers. Plants make starches to store extra glucose. Consumers can get starches by eating plants. Common sources of starches in the human diet are pictured Figure below . Our digestive system breaks down starches to sugar, which our cells use for energy. Like other animals, we store any extra glucose as the complex carbohydrate called glycogen. Glycogen is also a polymer of glucose.   Choices:  - water  - fats  - sugars  - starches   A:
Ans:
Answer: starches
Question: Question: Q: What is only effective if ventilation is matched to blood flow through alveolar capillaries?   Read this paragraph and choose the correct option from the provided answers:     Choices:  - iron lung  - blood pressur control  - assisted breathing  - breathing control   A:
Answer: breathing control

Question: Q: By shocking ocean water, earthquakes can cause what deadly ocean waves?   Read this paragraph and choose the correct option from the provided answers:  Earthquakes can cause tsunamis . These deadly ocean waves may result from any shock to ocean water. A shock could be a meteorite impact, landslide, or a nuclear explosion. But most come from large underwater earthquakes.   Choices:  - deep currents  - ebb tides  - typhoons  - tsunamis   A:
Answer: tsunamis

Question: Q: What term is used describe energy released during an earthquake?   Read this paragraph and choose the correct option from the provided answers:  For decades scientists have had equipment that can measure earthquake magnitude. The earthquake magnitude is the energy released during the quake.   Choices:  - blast  - seismic load  - resonance  - magnitude   A:
Answer:
Answer: magnitude
Question: Answer the following question: Q: What is the simplest unit that has the fundamental chemical properties of an element?   Read this paragraph and choose the correct option from the provided answers:  Covalent Molecules and Compounds Just as an atom is the simplest unit that has the fundamental chemical properties of an element, a molecule is the simplest unit that has the fundamental chemical properties of a covalent compound. Some pure elements exist as covalent molecules. Hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, and the halogens occur naturally.   Choices:  - neutron  - nucleus  - cell  - atom   A:
Answer:
Answer: atom
Question: Ques:Q: What is the outermost part of the sun's atmosphere called?   Read this paragraph and choose the correct option from the provided answers:  The corona ( Figure below ) is the outermost part of the Sun's atmosphere. It is the Sun’s halo, or “crown. ” With a temperature of 1 to 3 million K, the corona is much hotter than the photosphere. The corona extends millions of kilometers into space. Sometime you should try to see a total solar eclipse. If you do, you will see the Sun’s corona shining out into space.   Choices:  - rays  - ultraviolet  - particles  - corona   A:

Ans:corona
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Ques:Q: What are responsible for the bending movements of the organelle?   Read this paragraph and choose the correct option from the provided answers:     Choices:  - sporozoans  - muscles  - pores  - dyneins   A:

Ans:dyneins
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Ques:Q: What delivers power to the chemical factory chloroplasts?   Read this paragraph and choose the correct option from the provided answers:     Choices:  - oxygen  - water  - chlorophyll  - the sun   A:

Ans:the sun
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Ques:Q: What is the series of changes in the life of an organism?   Read this paragraph and choose the correct option from the provided answers:  Organisms that have a diploid life cycle spend the majority of their lives as diploid adults. All diploid adults inherit half of their DNA from each parent. When they are ready to reproduce, diploid reproductive cells undergo meiosis and produce haploid gametes. These gametes then fuse through fertilization and produce a diploid zygote, which immediately enters G 1 of the cell cycle. Next, the zygote's DNA is replicated. Finally, the processes of mitosis and cytokinesis produce two genetically identical diploid cells. Through repeated rounds of growth and division, this organism becomes a diploid adult and the cycle continues. This is the life cycle of humans.   Choices:  - insect metamorphosis  - evolution  - circle of life  - life cycle   A:

Ans:
Answer: life cycle
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Question: Ques:Q: Where does the christmas tree worm live?   Read this paragraph and choose the correct option from the provided answers:  It is actually the Yellow Christmas tree worm. These animals are colorful, and can be red, orange, yellow, blue, and white. The Christmas tree worm lives on tropical coral reefs throughout the world. The Christmas tree worm's plumes are used for feeding and respiration. These worms use their plumes to catch plankton and other small particles passing in the water. Cilia then pass the food to the worm's mouth.   Choices:  - northeast coral reefs  - Atlantic shoreline  - rainforests  - tropical coral reefs   A:

Ans:tropical coral reefs
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Ques:Q: Which protein, that stores oxygen in muscle cells, has been purified from a number of organisms?   Read this paragraph and choose the correct option from the provided answers:  Myoglobin, a protein that stores oxygen in muscle cells, has been purified from a number of organisms. The protein from a sperm whale is composed of 153 amino acid units. What is the minimum number of nucleotides that must be present in the mRNA that codes for this protein?.   Choices:  - melanin  - potassium  - iodine  - myoglobin   A:

Ans:myoglobin
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Ques:Q: What state is achieved when the forward and reverse reactions proceed at equal rates?   Read this paragraph and choose the correct option from the provided answers:  At equilibrium, the forward and reverse reactions proceed at equal rates. The driving force in each direction is equal, because the free energy of the reactants and products under equilibrium conditions is equivalent (ΔG = 0). We also know that, at equilibrium, Q = K eq . For a reaction that has reached equilibrium, the equation above becomes the following:.   Choices:  - neutrality  - equality  - constant  - equilibrium   A:

Ans:equilibrium
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Ques:Q: The properties of cyclic hydrocarbons are generally quite similar to those of the corresponding open-chain compounds. so cycloalkanes (with the exception of cyclopropane, which has a highly strained ring) act very much like noncyclic alkanes. cyclic structures containing five or six carbon atoms, such as cyclopentane and cyclohexane, are particularly what?   Read this paragraph and choose the correct option from the provided answers:  The properties of cyclic hydrocarbons are generally quite similar to those of the corresponding open-chain compounds. So cycloalkanes (with the exception of cyclopropane, which has a highly strained ring) act very much like noncyclic alkanes. Cyclic structures containing five or six carbon atoms, such as cyclopentane and cyclohexane, are particularly stable. We will see in Chapter 16 "Carbohydrates" that some carbohydrates (sugars) form five- or six-membered rings in solution.   Choices:  - large  - reactive  - small  - stable   A:

Ans:
Answer: stable
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Question: Q: Q: Which type of energy is the energy of anything in motion?   Read this paragraph and choose the correct option from the provided answers:  Kinetic energy is the energy of anything in motion. Your muscles move your leg, your foot kicks the ball, and the ball gains kinetic energy ( Figure below ). The kinetic energy was converted from potential energy that was in your leg before the kick. The action of kicking the ball is energy changing forms. The same is true for anything that involves change.   Choices:  - residual engergy  - diffuse energy  - physiological engergy  - kinetic engergy   A:
A: kinetic engergy


Q: Q: Which part of the plant conduct water and minerals as well as anchor the plant.   Read this paragraph and choose the correct option from the provided answers:     Choices:  - leaves  - cilia  - stem  - roots   A:
A: roots


Q: Q: The innermost layer of the sun is known as what?   Read this paragraph and choose the correct option from the provided answers:  The core is the Sun's innermost layer. The core is plasma. It has a temperature of around 15 million degrees Celsius (°C). Nuclear fusion reactions create the immense temperature. In these reactions, hydrogen atoms fuse to form helium. This releases vast amounts of energy. The energy moves toward the outer layers of the Sun. Energy from the Sun's core powers most of the solar system.   Choices:  - photosphere  - surface  - convective zone  - core   A:
A: core


Q: Q: What type of cholesterol is commonly referred to as bad?   Read this paragraph and choose the correct option from the provided answers:  When you get your cholesterol tested, they are measuring not only the total amount of cholesterol in the blood, but also whether it is being transported by LDL or HDL. All of these values are important for assessing the likelihood of a heart attack. Total cholesterol gives an idea of the overall cholesterol load in the body. The LDL cholesterol (sometimes referred to as “bad” cholesterol) is more likely to be incorporated into a cell or a plaque, so it is important that these levels below. Conversely, since cholesterol being carried by HDL (“good” cholesterol) is being transported away from the rest of the body and into the liver for disposal, higher HDL levels are generally considered beneficial.   Choices:  - unsaturated  - hdl  - insulin  - ldl   A:

Answer: A: ldl
Question: Question: Q: The structure of a neuron allows it to rapidly transmit nerve impulses to other what?   Read this paragraph and choose the correct option from the provided answers:  The structure of a neuron allows it to rapidly transmit nerve impulses to other cells.   Choices:  - muscles  - limbs  - proteins  - cells   A:
Answer:
Answer: cells
Question: (Question)
Q: What is broken during catabolic reactions, such as the breakdown of complex carbohydrates into simple sugars?   Read this paragraph and choose the correct option from the provided answers:  Catabolic reactions involve breaking bonds. Larger molecules are broken down to smaller ones. For example, complex carbohydrates are broken down to simple sugars. Catabolic reactions release energy, so they are exothermic.   Choices:  - ions  - forms  - metals  - bonds   A:
(Answer)
bonds


(Question)
Q: What forms when the dna in the nucleus wraps around proteins?   Read this paragraph and choose the correct option from the provided answers:  To begin mitosis, the DNA in the nucleus wraps around proteins to form chromosomes . Each organism has a unique number of chromosomes. In human cells, our DNA is divided up into 23 pairs of chromosomes. Replicated DNA forms a chromosome made from two identical sister chromatids , forming an "X" shaped molecule ( Figure below ). The two chromatids are held together on the chromosome by the centromere . The centromere is also where spindle fiber microtubules attach during mitosis. The spindles separate sister chromatids from each other.   Choices:  - rna  - genes  - ribosomes  - chromosomes   A:
(Answer)
chromosomes


(Question)
Q: These vacuoles take water from the cytoplasm and excrete it from the cell to avoid bursting due to what?   Read this paragraph and choose the correct option from the provided answers:  Vacuoles are membrane-bound organelles that can have secretory, excretory, and storage functions. Vacuoles are usually much larger than vesicles. Many organisms will use vacuoles as storage areas and some plant cells have very large vacuoles. The large central vacuole of the plant cell is used for osmotic control (storage of water) and nutrient storage. Contractile vacuoles are found in certain protists. These vacuoles take water from the cytoplasm and excrete it from the cell to avoid bursting due to osmotic pressure.   Choices:  - apoptotic pressure  - static pressure  - impervious pressure  - osmotic pressure   A:
(Answer)

Answer: osmotic pressure
Question: Q: In what type of diabetes can the pancreas still make insulin, but the cells of the body cannot use it efficiently?   Read this paragraph and choose the correct option from the provided answers:  Type 2 diabetes occurs when body cells are no longer sensitive to insulin. The pancreas may still make insulin, but the cells of the body cannot use it efficiently. Being overweight and having high blood pressure increase the chances of developing type 2 diabetes. Type 2 diabetes usually develops in adulthood, but it is becoming more common in teens and children. This is because more young people are overweight, due to a high sugar and fat diet, now than ever before.   Choices:  - type 3 diabetes  - type 1 diabetes  - type A diabetes  - type 2 diabetes   A:
type 2 diabetes

Q: The bottoms—but not the tops—of the wave slow down because of what?   Read this paragraph and choose the correct option from the provided answers:  In shallow water close to shore, waves start to drag on the bottom of the water. The bottoms—but not the tops—of the wave slow down because of friction. This causes the waves to steepen until they break and fall over, carrying water onto the shore as surf.   Choices:  - size  - vibration  - temperature  - friction   A:
friction

Q: All of the monatomic ions have oxidation numbers equal to their?   Read this paragraph and choose the correct option from the provided answers:  There are 6 elements in this reaction. All of the monatomic ions have oxidation numbers equal to their charges. Additionally, we can assign an oxidation state of -2 to each oxygen atom and +1 to each hydrogen atom. Now, we just need to assign the oxidation states of manganese in MnO 4 - , nitrogen in the nitrite and nitrate ions, and sulfur in the sulfate ion. These can be determined by choosing a value for which all of the oxidation states in the ion add up to its overall charge. For example, in the nitrite ion:.   Choices:  - atomic number  - shape  - atomic weight  - charges   A:

Answer: charges
Question: Please answer the following question: Q: What is the modern periodic table based on?   Read this paragraph and choose the correct option from the provided answers:  The modern periodic table is based on atomic number. Elements in each period go from metals on the left to metalloids and then nonmetals on the right. Within groups, elements have similar properties.   Choices:  - element mass  - metallic number  - element density  - atomic number   A:
Answer:
Answer: atomic number
Question: Question: Q: Cutting forests and clearing land has also increased the amount of what in the atmosphere?   Read this paragraph and choose the correct option from the provided answers:  Because of human activities, there is more carbon dioxide in the atmosphere today than in the past hundreds of thousands of years. Burning fossil fuels and has released great quantities of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. Cutting forests and clearing land has also increased carbon dioxide into the atmosphere because these activities reduce the number of autotrophic organisms that use up carbon dioxide in photosynthesis. In addition, clearing often involves burning, which releases carbon dioxide that was previously stored in autotrophs.   Choices:  - oxygen  - smog  - pesticides  - carbon dioxide   A:
Answer: carbon dioxide

Question: Q: Fish and other aquatic organisms use gills to capture dissolved what?   Read this paragraph and choose the correct option from the provided answers:  Gases are also capable of dissolving in liquids. There are many examples of this in our everyday lives. For example, carbonated beverages contain dissolved carbon dioxide. We notice this when bubbles come out of solution when the beverage is opened. Another example is when oxygen from the air we breathe dissolves in our blood, where it is transported throughout the body. Fish and other aquatic organisms use gills to capture dissolved oxygen from their environments.   Choices:  - food  - sulfur  - nitrogen  - oxygen   A:
Answer: oxygen

Question: Q: What term means the amount of space matter takes up?   Read this paragraph and choose the correct option from the provided answers:  The amount of space matter takes up is its volume . How the volume of matter is measured depends on its state.   Choices:  - weight  - density  - mass  - volume   A:
Answer:
Answer: volume
Question: Given the question: Q: A decline in blood flow to what organs stimulates release of the enzyme renin, in turn stimulating the reabsorption of sodium and water?   Read this paragraph and choose the correct option from the provided answers:  Kidneys The kidneys participate in several complex endocrine pathways and produce certain hormones. A decline in blood flow to the kidneys stimulates them to release the enzyme renin, triggering the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone (RAAS) system, and stimulating the reabsorption of sodium and water. The reabsorption increases blood flow and blood pressure. The kidneys also play a role in regulating blood calcium levels through the production of calcitriol from vitamin D3, which is released in response to the secretion of parathyroid hormone (PTH). In addition, the kidneys produce the hormone erythropoietin (EPO) in response to low oxygen levels. EPO stimulates the production of red blood cells (erythrocytes) in the bone marrow, thereby increasing oxygen delivery to tissues. You may have heard of EPO as a performance-enhancing drug (in a synthetic form).   Choices:  - thyroids  - kidneys  - lungs  - kidneys   A:
The answer is:
Answer: kidneys
Question: Q: The level of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is greatly influenced by the reservoir of carbon where?   Read this paragraph and choose the correct option from the provided answers:  As stated, the atmosphere is a major reservoir of carbon in the form of carbon dioxide that is essential to the process of photosynthesis. The level of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is greatly influenced by the reservoir of carbon in the oceans. The exchange of carbon between the atmosphere and water reservoirs influences how much carbon is found in each, and each one affects the other reciprocally. Carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere dissolves in water and, unlike oxygen and nitrogen gas, reacts with water molecules to form ionic compounds. Some of these ions combine with calcium ions in the seawater to form calcium carbonate (CaCO3), a major component of the shells of marine organisms. These organisms eventually form sediments on the ocean floor. Over geologic time, the calcium carbonate forms limestone, which comprises the largest carbon reservoir on Earth. On land, carbon is stored in soil as organic carbon as a result of the decomposition of living organisms or from weathering of terrestrial rock and minerals. Deeper under the ground, at land and at sea, are fossil fuels, the anaerobically decomposed remains of plants that take millions of years to form. Fossil fuels are considered a non-renewable resource because their use far exceeds their rate of formation. A non-renewable resource is either regenerated very slowly or not at all. Another way for carbon to enter the atmosphere is from land (including land beneath the surface of the ocean) by the eruption of volcanoes and other geothermal systems. Carbon sediments from the ocean floor are taken deep within Earth by the process of subduction: the movement of one tectonic plate beneath another. Carbon is released as carbon dioxide when a volcano erupts or from volcanic hydrothermal vents. Carbon dioxide is also added to the atmosphere by the animal husbandry practices of humans. The large number of land animals raised to feed Earth’s growing human population results in increased carbon-dioxide levels in the atmosphere caused by their respiration....   Choices:  - before the oceans  - in the earth  - after the oceans  - in the oceans   A:

Answer: in the oceans
Question: Q: What is the term for the visible part of the electromagnetic spectrum?   Read this paragraph and choose the correct option from the provided answers:  Earth is just a tiny speck in the Universe. Our planet is surrounded by lots of space. Light travels across empty space. Light is the visible part of the electromagnetic spectrum . Astronomers use the light and other energy that comes to us to gather information about the Universe.   Choices:  - chroma  - gravity  - electricity  - light   A:
A:
Answer: light
Question: Q: Clouds are formed from what?   Read this paragraph and choose the correct option from the provided answers:  Rising air currents carry water vapor into the atmosphere. As the water vapor rises in the atmosphere, it cools and condenses. Condensation is the process in which water vapor changes to tiny droplets of liquid water. The water droplets may form clouds. If the droplets get big enough, they fall as precipitation.   Choices:  - ice crystals  - snow flakes  - dust particles  - water droplets   A:
The answer to this question is:
Answer: water droplets