syedzayyan/paper_mill_benchmark huggingface dataset:
COVID-19 and community pharmacy services in Pakistan: challenges, barriers and solution for progress.

In the wake of atrocious rise in covid-19 cases, developed countries are leveraging a range of community pharmacy services with the goal of improving access to essential medication and healthcare services.While in the developing nations, including pakistan, pharmacists are unable to perform covid-19 containment roles in community, since presence of pharmacists at community pharmacy settings and delivery of pharmacy services have historically been plagued by shortcomings at various levels.In this document, we identified these shortcomings which need to be resolved on many fronts.Broadly, a number of intertwined government related, public related, academic curricula and pharmacist related, and drug retailers' related factors refrain community pharmacists from performing and facilitating pakistan's fragile public and healthcare system in the midst of covid-19 pandemic.Government led multifaceted approaches are urgently needed to strengthen this unrecognized domain and thereby effectively combat covid-19 by utilizing community pharmacy services, as evidenced in the developed world.[note: part of this article is published in pakistan observer newspaper; dated 17 may 2020).

Journal: Journal of pharmaceutical policy and practice (2020)
Publication types: Editorial
Development of 2D and 3D front face fluorescence spectroscopy for monitoring ultrasound treatment in the removal of pesticides residues from fresh lettuces at the laboratory and pilot scales.

Pesticide residues in vegetables are potentially toxic components to humans and can cause serious health problems.To remove pesticide residues from fresh agricultural products and improve consumer food safety, various pesticide removal methods have been investigated over the past decades.In this study, the effectiveness of laboratory and pilot scale ultrasonic cleaning on the removal of boscalid and pyraclostrobin residues from lettuce was examined.2d fluorescence spectroscopy, 3d fluorescence spectroscopy represented by excitation-emission matrix (eem), and parallel factor analysis (parafac) were used to characterize and discriminate the fluorescence signatures of these pesticides in the cleaning water to determine the effectiveness of the ultrasonic cleaning method as a function of the level of pesticide removal.The 2d fluorescence results showed that the rate of removal of boscalid by ultrasonics at the laboratory scale increased with the cleaning time.The ultrasonic treatment showed a higher cleaning efficiency compared to only soaking in distilled water for 10 min.The same trends were observed at the pilot scale.The eem also showed differences in the concentration of pesticides removed by ultrasonication between the different parts of the lettuce, the concentration was higher in the upper part than the lower part.This study showed that ultrasonication is an effective technique for the removal of pesticide residues on lettuce, and it also showed the significant potential of fluorescence spectroscopy coupled with parafac for the discrimination and characterization of pesticides.

Journal: Spectrochimica acta. Part A, Molecular and biomolecular spectroscopy (2023)
Publication types: Journal Article
X-Linked Spinal and Bulbar Muscular Atrophy: From Clinical Genetic Features and Molecular Pathology to Mechanisms Underlying Disease Toxicity.

Spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy (sbma) is an inherited neuromuscular disorder caused by a cag-polyglutamine (poly q) repeat expansion in the androgen receptor (ar) gene.Unlike other poly q diseases, where the function of the native causative protein is unknown, the biology of ar is well understood, and this knowledge has informed our understanding of how native ar function interfaces with poly q-ar dysfunction.Furthermore, ligand-dependent activation of ar has been linked to sbma disease pathogenesis, and has led to a thorough study of androgen-mediated effects on poly q-ar stability, degradation, and post-translational modifications, as well as their roles in the disease process.Transcriptional dysregulation, proteostasis dysfunction, and mitochondrial abnormalities are central to poly q-ar neurotoxicity, most likely via a 'change-of-function' mechanism.Intriguingly, recent work has demonstrated a principal role for skeletal muscle in sbma disease pathogenesis, indicating that poly q-ar toxicity initiates in skeletal muscle and results in secondary motor neuron demise.The existence of robust animal models for sbma has permitted a variety of preclinical trials, driven by recent discoveries of altered cellular processes, and some of this preclinical work has led to human clinical trials.In this chapter, we review sbma clinical features and disease biology, discuss our current understanding of the cellular and molecular basis of sbma pathogenesis, and highlight ongoing efforts toward therapy development.

Journal: Advances in experimental medicine and biology (2018)
Publication types: Journal Article;Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't;Review
Recycling lithium cobalt oxide from its spent batteries: An electrochemical approach combining extraction and synthesis.

Li co o2is still the most extensively used cathode material in li-ion battery for portable electronics currently.The increasing usage of electronics has resulted in the growing discard of li co o2with the stream of its spent battery.Current recycling approaches for li co o2from spent batteries are dominantly based on hydrometallurgy and pyrometallurgy, which usually require multiple complicated steps and involve the use of high temperature or harmful chemicals, like acids and alkalis.There remains an urgent need for green and simple processes.Here we report a single step approach based on suspension electrolysis to directly recycle li co o2in one reactor at atmospheric condition without any usage of acid and alkalis.The electrolyte of the suspension electrolysis system is only comprised of nh4hco3, [formula: see text] and na f.The reaction system of li co o2leaching in the anode region and simultaneously re-synthesizing in the cathode region in the electrochemical system is established.Mechanism analysis indicates that nh4+only serves as a provider for complexing agent of nh3and is virtually not consumed.This work provides potentially meaningful strategies for recovering li co o2in a shorter procedure and an environmentally friendly manner.

Journal: Journal of hazardous materials (2021)
Publication types: Journal Article
Performance Prediction of Hybrid Energy Harvesting Devices Using Machine Learning.

In this study, we used machine learning to predict the output power of hybrid energy devices (heds) comprising photovoltaic cells (pvcs) and thermoelectric generators (tegs).For the five types of heds, eight different machine learning models were trained and tested with experimental data; the hed each had different interface materials between the pvcs and the tegs.An artificial neural network (ann) model, which is the most appropriate model, predicted the correlation between hed performance and interface material properties.The ann model demonstrated that the output power of the hed with a carbon paste interface material at an irradiance of 1000 w/m2was 2.6% higher than that of a pvc alone.

Journal: ACS applied materials & interfaces (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
Filtration of Active Components with Antioxidant Activity Based on the Differing Antioxidant Abilities ofSchisandrae Sphenantherae FructusandSchisandrae Chinensis Fructusthrough UPLC/MS Coupling with Network Pharmacology.

This study attempted to filter active components with antioxidant activities based on the differing antioxidant abilities of schisandrae sphenantherae fructus(ssf) and schisandrae chinensis fructus(scf).First, the antioxidant activity of ssfand scfwas evaluated through the dpph free radical scavenging method and compared with the half maximal inhibitory concentration (ic50) value.Next, components of ssfand scfwere detected by employing ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-q-exactive orbitrap mass spectrometry (uplc-qeo/ms) technology, and differential compounds were screened out as potential antioxidant compounds by using compound discover 3.1 software.After that step, in order to verify the antioxidant compounds, the network method was applied.Biological targets were searched in the gene cards database, and that related to antioxidant ability were selected in the comparative toxicogenomics database (ctd).Finally, the pharmacology network was constructed.Results showed that ssfand scfpossessed different compounds and antioxidant abilities.A total of 14 differential compounds such asγ-schizandrin, schisandrin b, schisandrin, and tigloylgomisin h between them were screened out and identified.Twenty targets associated with antioxidant activity contained map2k1, mapk8, rps6kb1, prkcb, hif1a, and so on were investigated.Thirty-six pathways contained hif-1 signaling pathways, choline metabolism in cancer, serotonergic synapse, fc epsilon ri signaling pathway, gn rh signaling pathway, and so on related to the above twenty targets were identified.The pharmacology network analysis indicated that the differential components may be helpful in treating various diseases, especially cancer, by exerting antioxidant activity.In conclusion, this study provided a novel method for identifying active components with antioxidant activity in ssfand scf, and this method may be applicable for the filtration of bioactive components in other herbs.

Journal: Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM (2021)
Publication types: Journal Article
Whole-Exome Sequencing (WES) results of 50 patients with chronic kidney diseases: a perspective of Alport syndrome.

Chronic kidney disease (ckd) remains one of the major common health problems, and the number of people affected by the disease is progressively increasing in turkey and worldwide.This study aimed to investigate molecular defects in alport syndrome (as) and other genes in patients with clinically suspected ckd using whole-exome sequencing (wes).Methods patients with clinical suspicion of ckd were included in the study.Molecular genetic analyses were performed on genomic dna by using wes.Results a total of 15 with 5 different pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants were identified in ckd patients, with a diagnostic rate of 30%.Eight variants of uncertain significance were also detected.In this study, 10 variants were described for the first time.As a result, we detected variants associated with ckd in our study population and found as as the most common ckd after other related kidney diseases.Conclusions our results suggest that in heterogeneous diseases such as ckd, wes analysis enables accurate identification of underlying molecular defects promptly.Although ckd accounts for 10-14% of all renal dysfunction, molecular genetic diagnosis is necessary for optimal long-term treatment, prognosis, and effective genetic counseling..

Journal: Revista da Associacao Medica Brasileira (1992) (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
How does bilingualism modify cognitive function? Attention to the mechanism.

It has been claimed that bilingual experience leads to an enhancement of cognitive control across the lifespan, a claim that has been investigated by comparing monolingual and bilingual groups performing standard executive function (ef) tasks.The results of these studies have been inconsistent, however, leading to controversy over the essential assumptions underlying the research program, namely, whether bilingualism produces cognitive change.We argue that the source of the inconsistency is not in the evidence but rather in the framework that has typically been used to motivate the research and interpret the results.We examine the componential view of ef with its central role for inhibition and argue that it provides a poor fit to both bilingual experience and the results of these studies.As an alternative, we propose a more holistic account based on attentional control that overrides the processes in the componential model of ef and applies to a wider range of tasks.The key element in our account is that behavioral differences between monolingual and bilingual individuals reflect differences in the efficiency and deployment of attentional control between the two language groups.In support of this point we show how attentional control provides a more satisfactory account for a range of findings that cannot reasonably be attributed to inhibition.We also suggest that group differences will emerge only when the attentional demands of a task exceed the control abilities of one of the groups, regardless of the ef components involved.We then review literature from across the lifespan to evaluate the extent to which this account is consistent with existing evidence, and conclude with some suggestions on how the field may be advanced by new lines of empirical enquiry.

Journal: Psychonomic bulletin & review (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article;Review
Oxytocin-Cholinergic Central Interaction: Implications for Non-Social Memory Formation.

Oxytocin (ot) and vasopressin (avp) are two closely related neuropeptides implicated in learning and memory processes, anxiety, nociception, addiction, feeding behavior and social information processing.Regarding learning and memory, ot has induced long-lasting impairment in different behaviors, while the opposite was observed with avp.We have previously evaluated the effect of peripheral administration of ot or its antagonist (aot) on the inhibitory avoidance response of mice and on the modulation of cholinergic mechanisms.Here, we replicate and validate those results, but this time through central administration of neuropeptides, considering their poor passage through the blood-brain barrier (bbb).When we delivered ot (0.10 ng/mouse) and its antagonist (0.10 ng/mouse) through intracerebroventricular (icv) injections, the neuropeptide impaired and aot enhanced the behavioral performance on an inhibitory avoidance response evaluated 48 h after training in a dose-dependent manner.On top of that, we investigated a possible central interaction between ot and the cholinergic system.Administration of anticholinesterases inhibitors with access to the central nervous system (cns), the activation of muscarinic acetylcholine (ach) receptors and the increase of evoked ach release using linopirdine (lino) (3-10 μg/kg, ip), reversed the impairment of retention performance induced by ot.Besides, either muscarinic or nicotinic antagonists with unrestricted access to the cns reduced the magnitude of the performance-facilitating effect of aot's central infusion.We suggest that ot might induce a cholinergic hypofunction state, resulting in an impairment of ia memory formation, a process for which the cholinergic system is crucially necessary.

Journal: Neuroscience (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Microvascular endothelial dysfunction in heart failure patients: An indication for exercise treatment?

Endothelial dysfunction represents a diagnostic marker to differentiate disease severity in chronic heart failure (chf) patients.Retinal vessel phenotyping was applied in chf patients as it has been acknowledged as a sensitive diagnostic tool to quantify microvascular health and overall cardiovascular risk.Methods the central retinal arteriolar (crae) and venular diameter equivalents (crve) as well as the retinal microvascular function, quantified by arteriolar (a fid) and venular flicker-light induced dilatation (v fid), were analyzed in 26 chf patients.These data were compared with 26 age- and sex-matched healthy peers.The effects of an exercise intervention on retinal microvascular health in one chf patient were investigated to demonstrate potentially beneficial effects of exercise treatment in a case report format as proof of concept.Results chf patients showed narrower crae (170 ± 16 μm vs.176 ± 16 μm, p = 0.237) and wider crve (217 ± 20 μm vs.210 ± 17 μm, p = 0.152), resulting in a significantly lower arteriolar-to-venular diameter ratio (avr, 0.79 ± 0.07 vs.0.84 ± 0.06, p = 0.004) compared to controls.More strikingly, chf patients showed significantly lower mean a fid (1.24 ± 1.14% vs.3.78 ± 1.85%, p < 0.001) and v fid (2.89 ± 1.33% vs.3.88 ± 1.83%, p = 0.033).Twelve weeks of exercise therapy induced wider crae (143 ± 1.0 μm vs.153 ± 0.9 μm), narrower crve (183 ± 3.1 μm vs.180 ± 2.4 μm) and improved a fid (0.67% vs.1.25%) in a male 78 years old chf patient.Conclusions a fid is a sensitive diagnostic tool to quantify microvascular impairments in chf patients.Exercise treatment in chf patients has high potential to improve retinal microvascular health as a marker for vascular regeneration and overall risk reduction, which warrants further examination by randomized controlled trials.

Journal: Microvascular research (2022)
Publication types: Case Reports;Journal Article;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Association of Health Literacy With Medication Adherence Mediated by Cognitive Function Among the Community-Based Elders With Chronic Disease in Beijing of China.

Although health literacy was considered to play a crucial role in non-communicable chronic disease (ncd) prevention and control, the relationship of health literacy and medication adherence has rarely given attention among older adult chinese population in previous studies, especially considered that they might be with cognitive impairment.Purpose this study aimed to investigate the association between health literacy and medication adherence and mediation by cognitive ability among community-based older adults with chronic disease in beijing of china.Methods the older adults aged 60 years old or over were recruited in a cross-sectional survey conducted in beijing of china by using multistage, stratified sampling method.Of those, the participants with chronic disease and need to take long-term medicine were included in our study.The information about sociodemographic characteristics, health literacy, cognition ability, and medication adherence was collected by the questionnaire.The univariate and multiple logistic regression analysis were used to measure the association of health literacy and adherence medication, and mediate effect by cognitive ability.Results the total of 4,166 older adult populations (average age: 70.61 ± 7.38 years) was included in this study, 1,395 participants (33.49%) were non-adherence, 1,983 participants (47.60%) had two chronic conditions or more, and 1,459 participants (35.02%) screened as cognitive impairment.The health literacy was negatively associated with medication adherence.The lower total scores of health literacy were found with a high risk of non-adherence [p< 0.01, adjusted odds ratio (or) = 0.988 per one point increase, 95%ci: 0.982-0.993] controlling other covariates.However, their association tended to be weakened or even disappeared among the older adults with cognitive impairment compared with the populations with normal cognitive.Conclusion improving health literacy might be a public health strategy to increase the medication adherence of older adults, but need to first identify the potential target population based on their cognitive ability.

Journal: Frontiers in public health (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Therapeutic effect of AiWalker on balance and walking ability in patients with stroke: A pilot study.

Ai walker is a newly developed robot-assisted gait training system, which features over-ground walking paradigm and somatosensory stimulation during training compared to commonly-used robot-assisted gait training devices (e.g.Lokomat).However, no study has examined its true therapeutic effect and possible mechanism or mediating factor(s).Objectives to investigate 1) the therapeutic effect of ai walker on the balance and walking ability in patients with stroke, and 2) whether the improvement in somatosensory function represents one of the possible mediating factors for such effect.Methods three patients with impaired balance and walking ability due to stroke were recruited.Two patients received ai walker training plus conventional training; while the other one only experienced conventional training.Standing balance and walking ability were assessed before and after all the training, which were represented by 6 variables.Lower limb somatosensory function was examined using fugl-meyer assessment scale.Results five out of the 6 variables showed greater changes in patients who received ai walker training compared to the one who only experienced conventional training.Greater improvement in lower limb somatosensory function was observed in one patient who received ai walker training compared to the one who only experienced conventional training.Conclusion the novel robot-assisted gait training system may elicit greater improvement of balance and walking ability in patients with stroke compared to conventional interventions.Lower limb somatosensory function may be improved by ai walker, and its improvement might represent one of the possible mediating factors for the therapeutic effect of ai walker on balance and walking ability.

Journal: Topics in stroke rehabilitation (2021)
Publication types: Journal Article;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Highly selective molecularly imprinted-electrochemiluminescence sensor based on perovskite/Ru(bpy)32+for simazine detection in aquatic products.

A novel molecularly imprinted electrochemiluminescence (miecl) sensor based on the luminescence of molecularly imprinted polymer-perovskite (mip-cs pb br3) layer and ru(bpy)32+was fabricated for simazine detection.Mip-cs pb br3layers were immobilized onto the surface of glassy carbon electrode as the capture and signal amplification probe, and ru(bpy)32+and co-reactant tripropylamine exhibited stronger electrochemiluminescence (ecl) emission.Under optimal conditions, the ecl signal of the miecl sensor was linearly quenched, with the logarithm of simazine concentration ranging from 0.1 μg/l to 500.0 μg/l, correlation coefficient of 0.9947, and limit of detection of 0.06 μg/l.The practicality of the developed miecl sensor method for simazine determination in aquatic samples was validated.Excellent recoveries of 86.5 %-103.9 % with relative standard deviation below 1.6 % were obtained for fish and shrimp samples at three different spiked concentrations.The miecl sensor exhibited excellent selectivity, sensitivity, reproducibility, accuracy, and precision for simazine determination in actual aquatic samples.

Journal: The Science of the total environment (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
Update on Urethral Bulking for Stress Urinary Incontinence in Women.

Of review urethral bulking agents are an effective treatment for stress urinary incontinence in select females.The material and techniques used for urethral bulking are constantly evolving.With the introduction of several new agents, there is an ongoing debate over which agent is the most effective, durable, and safe.Recent findings current available bulking agents include bulkamid®, macroplastiue®, durasphere®, coaptite®, or urolastic®.Each of these agents has its own biophysical properties that affect its efficacy and safety.Evidence evaluating bulking agents has increased over time but there is no definitive data that suggest superiority of one agent over another.The ideal urethral bulking agent for female stress incontinence has yet been identified.Currently available agents have acceptable short-term and medium-term efficacy with few adverse events.

Journal: Current urology reports (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article;Review