syedzayyan/paper_mill_benchmark huggingface dataset:
A 46-Year-Old Woman With Chronic Dyspnea and Diarrhea.

A 46-year-old previously healthy woman presented with dyspnea, fatigue, and diarrhea.She had been experiencing these symptoms for > 1 year, but they had worsened in the few weeks prior to presentation.She had become progressively dyspneic on exertion and at rest and had increased the number of pillows she was sleeping on at night.She reported having episodes of nonbloody, watery diarrhea five to six times a day.The episodes were not associated with abdominal pain or recent travel and occurred even with fasting.Review of systems was positive for intermittent hot flashes, heart palpitations, and myalgias.She was premenopausal.She denied fever, weight loss, cough, hemoptysis, chest pain, or new edema.She had a pertinent medical history of gastritis, a nonspecific murmur since childhood, current tobacco use with a five pack-year history, and a family history of non-first-degree relatives having lung, breast, and colon cancer.She had not received medical care since moving from brazil to the united states 4 years earlier.

Journal: Chest (2023)
Publication types: Case Reports;Journal Article
Spinocerebellar ataxia type 23 (SCA23): a review.

Spinocerebellar ataxias (scas), formerly known as autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxias (adcas), are a group of hereditary heterogeneous neurodegenerative diseases.Gait, progressive ataxia, dysarthria, and eye movement disorder are common symptoms of spinocerebellar ataxias.Other symptoms include peripheral neuropathy, cognitive impairment, psychosis, and seizures.Patients may lose their lives due to out of coordinated respiration and/or swallowing.Neurological signs cover pyramidal or extrapyramidal signs, spasm, ophthalmoplegia, hyperactive deep tendon reflexes, and so on.Different subtypes of scas present various clinical features.Spinocerebellar ataxia type 23 (sca23), one subtype of the sca family, is characterized by mutant prodynorphin (pdyn) gene.Based on literatures, this review details a series of sca23, to improve a whole understanding of clinicians and point out the potential research direction of this dysfunction, including a history, pathophysiological mechanism, diagnosis and differential diagnosis, epigenetics, penetrance and prevalence, genetic counseling, treatment and prognosis.

Journal: Journal of neurology (2021)
Publication types: Journal Article;Review
Small early gastric cancer with synchronous bone metastasis: A case report.

Bone metastasis during the early stages of gastric cancer is rare, and synchronous bone metastasis is even less common.The present report outlines a case of a small early gastric cancer, which was detected due to bone metastasis.A 63-year-old man was referred to fukuyama medical center with back pain and anorexia of 2 weeks' evolution.Mri revealed multiple metastatic lesions in the thoracic and spinal bone.Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography revealed focal uptake in the lesser curvature of the stomach and in the spinal bone, pelvic and thigh bone, but uptake was not detected in the stomach.Esophagogastroduodenoscopy revealed a 10 mm slightly elevated lesion with a central depression in the middle-third of the stomach.Endoscopic ultrasonography confirmed that the tumor was confined to the mucosa.A biopsy specimen acquired from the gastric lesion indicated signet-ring cell carcinoma, and the specimen acquired from the lumbar spine revealed cell aggregation such as that found in signet-ring cell carcinoma.The patient received first-line chemotherapy with s-1 and cisplatin, and second-line chemotherapy with nab-paclitaxel.However, the patient died 120 days after consultation at fukuyama medical center.

Journal: Molecular and clinical oncology (2020)
Publication types: Journal Article
Clinical and Economic Burden of Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest in US Commercial Insurance Population (2014 to 2019).

Little is known about the economic burden incurred by out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (ohca) in the us commercial insurance setting.We used ibm market scan commercial claims and encounters database (january 2014 to march 2019) to identify patients hospitalized with ohca based on the international classification of diseases codes.Patients who survived the initial ohca episode were stratified by prognosis based on discharge setting and classified into mild (discharged home), moderate (skilled nursing facility), severe (inpatient rehabilitation or long-term hospital), and very severe (hospice) prognosis groups, respectively.Patients were followed up for 12 months after discharge for health care resource utilization and medical costs, which were inflated to year 2020.Overall, 23,512 patients with ohca hospitalization were identified, of whom 14,667 were <65 years and 60.5% were men.The incidence of ohca per 100,000 was steady in patients <65 years over the years (17.9 in 2014; 17.5 in 2018) but among those ≥65 years, decreased from 139.7 in 2014 to 111.1 in 2018.Total medical costs 12 months after discharge generally increased with severity of prognosis, with an average for the mild, moderate, and severe prognosis group, respectively, estimated to be $52,746, $100,394, and $130,530 among patients <65 years, and $63,194, $65,794, and $70,973 among those ≥65 years.Costs were lower for those with very severe prognosis ($7,102 for <65 years; $2,553 for ≥65 years), possibly due to high mortality.In conclusion, ohca continues to pose a substantial clinical and economic burden on patients and the us health care system, which increases with the severity of disease prognosis.

Journal: The American journal of cardiology (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
Identification of a cellular senescence-related-lncRNA (SRlncRNA) signature to predict the overall survival of glioma patients and the tumor immune microenvironment.

Gliomas are brain tumors that arise from glial cells, and they are the most common primary intracranial tumors with a poor prognosis.Cellular senescence plays a critical role in cancer, especially in glioma.In this study, we constructed a senescence-related lnc rna (srlnc rna) signature to assess the prognosis of glioma.methods:the cancer genome atlas was used to collect srlnc rna transcriptome profiles and clinical data about glioma.Patients were randomized to training, testing, and whole cohorts.Lasso and cox regression analyses were employed to construct the srlnc rna signature, and kaplan-meier (k-m) analysis was performed to determine each cohort's survival.Receiver operating characteristic (roc) curves were applied to verify the accuracy of this signature.Gene set enrichment analysis was used to visualize functional enrichment (gsea).The cibersort algorithm, estimate and timer databases were utilized to evaluate the differences in the infiltration of 22 types of immune cells and their association with the signature.Rt-q pcr and ihc were used to identify the consistency of the signature in tumor tissue.results:an srlnc rna signature consisting of six long non-coding rnas (lnc rnas) was constructed, and patients were divided into high-risk and low-risk groups by the median of their riskscore.The km analysis showed that the high-risk group had worse overall survival, and the roc curve confirmed that the riskscore had more accurate predictive power.A multivariate cox analysis and its scatter plot with clinical characteristics confirmed the riskscore as an independent risk factor for overall survival.Gsea showed that the go and kegg pathways were mainly enriched in the immune response to tumor cells, p53 signaling pathway, m tor signaling pathway, and wnt signaling pathway.Further validation also yielded significant differences in the risk signature in terms of immune cell infiltration, which may be closely related to prognostic differences, and q rt-pcr and ihc confirmed the consistency of the expression differences in the major lnc rnas with those in the prediction model.conclusion our findings indicated that the srlnc rna signature might be used as a predictive biomarker and that there is a link between it and immune infiltration.This discovery is consistent with the present categorization system and may open new avenues for research and personalized therapy.

Journal: Frontiers in genetics (2023)
Publication types: Journal Article
Fabricating a reduction guide for parallel guiding planes with computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing technology.

Preparing appropriate guiding planes is essential for the success of a removable partial denture.Owing to the difficulty of determining the location and dimension of proximal reduction, establishing optimal guiding planes may challenge even skilled clinicians.This article introduces a digital workflow for fabricating a reduction guide to establish parallel guiding planes.

Journal: The Journal of prosthetic dentistry (2019)
Publication types: Journal Article
ZnSn nanocatalyst: Ultra-high formate selectivity from CO2electrochemical reduction and the structure evolution effect.

The introduction of tin (sn) into zn-based catalyst can change its intrinsic properties of the electrochemically reduction of co2to co, obtaining a high formate yield.The electron transfer from zn to sn lowers down the d-band center of sn, leading to a more reliable surface adsorption of the *ocho intermediate and high formate selectivity.The obtained zn sn catalyst enables formate formation with a drastically boosted faradaic efficiency (fe) up to 94%, which is 2.04 and 1.34 times of pure zn and sn foils, respectively, indicating a synergistic effect between zn and sn.During the electrochemical co2reduction reaction (e co2rr) process, the morphology of the zn sn catalyst evolved from nanoparticles to nanosheets, nanoneedles and collapsed structures, corresponding to the activation, stabilization and decay stages, respectively.This study provides a facile and controllable approach for the construction of novel bimetallic catalyst favoring formate selectivity based on the synergistic effect.

Journal: Journal of colloid and interface science (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
NCOA5 deficiency promotes a unique liver protumorigenic microenvironment through p21WAF1/CIP1overexpression, which is reversed by metformin.

Prevention and treatment options for hepatocellular carcinoma (hcc) are presently limited, underscoring the necessity for further elucidating molecular mechanisms underlying hcc development and identifying new prevention and therapeutic targets.Here, we demonstrate a unique protumorigenic niche in the livers of ncoa5+/-mouse model of hcc, which is characterized by altered expression of a subset of genes including p21waf1/cip1and proinflammatory cytokine genes, increased putative hepatic progenitors, and expansions of activated and tissue-resident memory (trm) cd8+ t lymphocytes, myeloid-derived suppressor cells (mdscs), and alternatively activated m2 macrophages.Importantly, prophylactic metformin treatment reversed these characteristics including aberrant p21waf1/cip1expression and subsequently reduced hcc incidence in ncoa5+/-male mice.Heterozygous deletion of the p21waf1/cip1gene alleviated the key features associated with the protumorigenic niche in the livers of ncoa5+/-male mice.Moreover, transcriptomic analysis reveals that preneoplastic livers of ncoa5+/-mice are similar to the livers of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis patients as well as the adjacent noncancerous liver tissues of a subset of hcc patients with a relatively poor prognosis.Together, our results suggest that p21waf1/cip1overexpression is essential in the development of protumorigenic microenvironment induced by ncoa5 deficiency and metformin prevents hcc development via alleviating p21waf1/cip1overexpression and protumorigenic microenvironment.

Journal: Oncogene (2020)
Publication types: Journal Article;Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Non-Fullerene Acceptors with an Extended π-Conjugated Core: Third Components in Ternary Blends for High-Efficiency, Post-Treatment-Free Organic Solar Cells.

The synthesis of four non-fullerene acceptors (nfas) with a "a-π-d-π-a" structure, in which the electron-donating core is extended, was achieved.The molecules differed by the nature of the solubilizing groups on the π-spacer and/or the presence of fluorine atoms on the peripheral electron-accepting units.The optoelectronic properties of the molecules were characterized in solution, in thin film, and in photovoltaic devices.The nature of the solubilizing groups had a minor influence on the optoelectronic properties but affected the organization in the solid state.On the other hand, the fluorine atoms influenced the optoelectronics properties and increased the photo-stability of the molecules in thin films.Compared to reference itic, the extended molecules showed a wider absorption across the visible range and higher lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy levels.The photovoltaic performances of the four nfas were assessed in binary blends using pm6 (pbdb-t-2f) as the donating polymer and in ternary blends with itic-4f.Solar cells (active area 0.27 cm2) showed power conversion efficiencies of up to 11.1 % when ternary blends were processed from non-halogenated solvents, without any thermal post-treatment or use of halogenated additives, making this process compatible with industrial requirements.

Journal: ChemSusChem (2021)
Publication types: Journal Article
Towards Secure Big Data Analysis via Fully Homomorphic Encryption Algorithms.

Privacy-preserving techniques allow private information to be used without compromising privacy.Most encryption algorithms, such as the advanced encryption standard (aes) algorithm, cannot perform computational operations on encrypted data without first applying the decryption process.Homomorphic encryption algorithms provide innovative solutions to support computations on encrypted data while preserving the content of private information.However, these algorithms have some limitations, such as computational cost as well as the need for modifications for each case study.In this paper, we present a comprehensive overview of various homomorphic encryption tools for big data analysis and their applications.We also discuss a security framework for big data analysis while preserving privacy using homomorphic encryption algorithms.We highlight the fundamental features and tradeoffs that should be considered when choosing the right approach for big data applications in practice.We then present a comparison of popular current homomorphic encryption tools with respect to these identified characteristics.We examine the implementation results of various homomorphic encryption toolkits and compare their performances.Finally, we highlight some important issues and research opportunities.We aim to anticipate how homomorphic encryption technology will be useful for secure big data processing, especially to improve the utility and performance of privacy-preserving machine learning.

Journal: Entropy (Basel, Switzerland) (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
Maternal short-term exposure to NO2during pregnancy and its relationship with Doppler markers of placental function.

Maternal exposure to air pollution has been associated with poor obstetric outcomes.However, the available evidence on the impact of maternal exposure to air pollution on placental function is still scarce and is based on estimated ambient levels of air pollutants.Objective to evaluate the association between short-term maternal exposure to no2based on the objective personal measure of no2exposure and doppler markers of placental function.Methods this study was based on a prospective cohort of 101 pregnant women, recruited at hospital sant joan de déu, barcelona (spain), between january 2017 and april 2018.No2diffusion tubes were worn by pregnant women to measure personal exposure to no2between weeks 28 and 32 of their pregnancy.Placental function was evaluated at the 32nd week of gestation by doppler evaluation of mean uterine arteries pulsatility index (pi), umbilical artery pi, middle cerebral artery pi, cerebroplacental ratio (cpr) and ductus venosus pi.Linear regression models were applied to estimate the association of personal no2exposure and doppler markers of placental function (one at a time), controlled for relevant covariates.Results higher personal exposure to no2was significantly associated with lower mean uterine artery pi.Each one-interquartile range (iqr) increase in the exposure to no2was associated with -0.07 (95% confidence intervals (cis): -0.12, -0.02) decrease in uterine arteries pi.We also observed some suggestions for an inverse association between this exposure and cpr.A one-iqr increase in no2was associated with -0.18 (95% cis: -0.37, 0.01) decrease in cpr.The findings for the rest of doppler markers were not conclusive.Conclusions maternal exposure to no2could interfere with doppler markers of placental function, potentially indicating a certain degree of cerebral vasodilatation with a decrease of mean uterine arteries pi.

Journal: Environmental research (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article;Review;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Quantifying Improved Outcomes, Cost Savings, and Hospital Volume Changes From Optimized Emergency Stroke Transport.

A previously published conditional probability model optimizes prehospital emergency transport protocols for patients with suspected large-vessel occlusion by recommending the transport strategy, drip-and-ship or mothership, that results in a higher probability of an excellent outcome.In this study, we create generalized models to quantify the change in annual hospital patient volume, the expected annual increase in the number of patients with an excellent outcome, and the annual cost savings to a single-payer healthcare system resulting from these optimized transport protocols.Methods we calculated the expected number of patients with suspected large-vessel occlusion transported by ambulance over a 1-year period in a region of interest, using the annual stroke incidence rate and a large-vessel occlusion screening tool.Assuming transport to the closest hospital is the baseline transport policy across the region (drip-and-ship), we determined the change in annual hospital patient volume from implementing optimized transport protocols.We also calculated the resulting annual increase in the number of patients with an excellent outcome (modified rankin score of 0-1 at 90 days) and associated cost savings to a single-payer healthcare system.We then performed a case study applying these generalized models to the stroke system serving the greater vancouver and fraser valley area, bc, canada.Results in the greater vancouver and fraser valley area, there was an annual increase of 36 patients with an excellent outcome, translating to an annual cost savings of ca$2 182 824 to the british columbia healthcare system.We also studied how these results change depending on our assumptions of treatment times at the regional stroke centers.Conclusions our framework quantifies the impact of optimized emergency stroke transport protocols on hospital volume, outcomes, and cost savings to a single-payer healthcare system.When applied to a specific region of interest, these models can help inform health policies concerning emergency transport of patients with suspected large-vessel occlusion.

Journal: Stroke (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
A pilot study investigating a novel particle-based growth factor delivery system for preimplantation embryo culture.

Study question can vascular endothelial growth factor (vegf)-loaded silica supraparticles (v-sps) be used as a novel mode of delivering vegf to the developing preimplantation embryo in vitro?Summary answer supplementation of embryo culture media with v-sps promoted embryonic development in a manner equivalent to media supplemented with free vegf.What is known already vegf is a maternally derived growth factor that promotes preimplantation embryonic development in vitro.However, its use in clinical media has limitations due to its low stability in solution.Study design, size, duration this study was a laboratory-based analysis utilising a mouse model.V-sps were prepared in vitro and supplemented to embryonic culture media.The bioactivity of v-sps was determined by analysis of blastocyst developmental outcomes (blastocyst development rate and total cell number).Participants/materials, setting, methods sps were loaded with fluorescently labelled vegf and release kinetics were characterised.Bioactivity of unlabelled vegf released from v-sps was determined by analysis of embryo developmental outcomes (blastocyst developmental rate and total cell number) following individual mouse embryo culture in 20 μl of g1/g2 media at 5% oxygen, supplemented with 10 ng/ml recombinant mouse vegf in solution or with v-sps.The bioactivity of freeze-dried v-sps was also assessed to determine the efficacy of cryostorage.Main results and the role of chance vegf release kinetics were characterised by an initial burst of vegf from loaded spheres followed by a consistent lower level of vegf release over 48 h.Vegf released from v-sps resulted in significant increases in total blastocyst cell number relative to the control (p < 0.001), replicating the effects of medium freely supplemented with fresh vegf (p < 0.001).Similarly, freeze dried v-sps exerted comparable effects on embryonic development (p < 0.05).Large scale data n/a.Limitations, reasons for caution in this proof of principle study, the effects of v-sps on embryonic development were only analysed in a mouse model.Wider implications of the findings these findings suggest that sps represent a novel method by which a targeted dose of therapeutic agents (e.g.Bioactive vegf) can be delivered to the developing in vitro embryo to promote embryonic development, an approach that negates the breakdown of vegf associated with storage in solution.As such, v-sps may be an alternative and effective method of delivering bioactive vegf to the developing in vitro embryo; however, the potential use of v-sps in clinical ivf requires further investigation.Study funding/competing interest(s) this work was funded by the university of melbourne.The authors have no conflict of interest to declare.

Journal: Human reproduction (Oxford, England) (2021)
Publication types: Journal Article;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't