syedzayyan/paper_mill_benchmark huggingface dataset:
Variation in scent amount but not in composition correlates with pollinator visits within populations of deceptiveArum maculatumL. (Araceae).

Floral scent is vital for pollinator attraction and varies among and within plant species.However, little is known about how inter-individual variation in floral scent affects the abundance and composition of floral visitor assemblages within populations.Moreover, for deceptive plants it is predicted that intra-population variation in scent can be maintained by negative frequency-dependent selection, but empirical evidence is still lacking.To investigate the ecological and evolutionary relations between inter-individual scent variation (i.e., total emission and composition) and floral visitors in deceptive plants, we studied floral scent, visitor assemblages, and fruit set in two populations of fly-pollinated (psychodidae, sphaeroceridae; diptera) and deceptive arum maculatumfrom austria (jos) and northern italy (dao).By correlating individual data on floral scent and visitor assemblages, we show that inter-individual variation in floral scent partly explains variation in visitor assemblages.The quantity of floral scent emitted per individual correlated positively with visitor abundance in both populations but explained visitor composition only in dao, where strongly scented inflorescences attracted more sphaerocerid flies.However, in each population, the composition of floral scent did not correlate with the composition of floral visitors.There was also no evidence of negative frequency-dependent selection on floral scent.Instead, in jos, more frequent scent phenotypes attracted more pollinators and were more likely to set an infructescence than rarer ones.Our results show that floral scent, despite being key in pollinator attraction in a.Maculatum, only partly explains variation in pollinator abundance and composition.Overall, this study is the first to shed light on the importance of inter-individual variation in floral scent in explaining floral visitor assemblages at the population level in a deceptive plant species.

Journal: Frontiers in plant science (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
High Ethanol Contents of Spirit Drinks in Kibera Slums, Kenya: Implications for Public Health.

Cheap licit and artisanal illicit spirit drinks have been associated with numerous outbreaks of alcohol poisoning especially with methanol.This study aimed to evaluate the quality of cheap spirit drinks in kibera slums in nairobi county, kenya.The samples consisted of cheap licit spirits (n= 11) and the artisanal spirit drink, 'chang'aa', (n= 28).The parameters of alcoholic strength and volatile composition were used as indicators of quality and were determined using gas chromatography with flame ionization detection (gc-fid) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (gc-ms) respectively.The ranges for alcoholic strength were 42.8-85.8% vol and 28.3-56.7% vol forchang'aaand licit spirit drinks respectively, while the p h ranges were 3.3-4.2 and 4.4-4.8 forchang'aaand licit spirit drinks respectively.The majority of volatiles were found in artisanal spirits and they included higher alcohols, ethyl esters and carbonyl compounds.The alcoholic strength of all the artisanal spirits (100%) and 91% of the licit spirits was above the 40% vol of standard spirits such as vodka.The high ethanol content of the alcohol products was the only element of public health significance in this study.

Journal: Foods (Basel, Switzerland) (2017)
Publication types: Journal Article
The effect of copper nanoparticles and copper (II) salt on redox reactions and epigenetic changes in a rat model.

The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of a diet containing different levels of cu in two different chemical forms (carbonate and nanoparticles) on redox reactions and epigenetic changes in a rat model.For 4 weeks, five experimental groups (eight rats in each) were fed diets with two dosages of added cu (standard-6.5 mg/kg or half of the standard dosage-3.25 mg/kg, and as a negative control no additional cu in the mineral mixture) in two forms (standard-cu co3and copper nanoparticles).Addition of cu nanoparticles resulted in higher cp (ceruloplasmin) activity and looh (lipid peroxides) and mda (malondialdehyde) content, as well as decrease the cat (catalase) activity and level of pc (protein carbonyl), 3-nt (3-nitrotyrosine), 8-ohd g (8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine), gsh + gssg (total glutathione) and dna methylation.Reducing the dose of copper resulted in a decrease in the level of looh and gsh + gssg as well as cat activity, but increased the level of pc and methylated dna.Based on these evidence, we concluded that addition of copper nanoparticles in the diet reduces protein oxidation and nitration as well as dna oxidation and methylation.Lowering the level of cu in the diet increases the oxidation of proteins and dna methylation.

Journal: Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition (2019)
Publication types: Journal Article
Effects of illuminance and correlated color temperature of indoor light on emotion perception.

The acute non-image forming (nif) effects of daytime light on momentary mood had been-although not always-established in the current literature.It still remains largely unknown whether short-time light exposure would modulate emotion perception in healthy adults.The current study (n = 48) was conducted to explore the effects of illuminance (100 lx vs.1000 lx at eye level) and correlated color temperature (cct, 2700 k vs.6500 k) on explicit and implicit emotion perception that was assessed with emotional face judgment task and emotional oddball task respectively.Results showed that lower cct significantly decreased negative response bias in the face judgment task, with labeling ambiguous faces less fearful under 2700 k vs.6500 k condition.Moreover, participants responded slightly faster for emotional pictures under 6500 k vs.2700 k condition, but no significant effect of illuminance or cct on negativity bias was revealed in the emotional oddball task.These findings highlighted the differential role of illuminance and cct in regulating instant emotion perception and suggested a task-dependent moderation of light spectrum on negativity bias.

Journal: Scientific reports (2021)
Publication types: Journal Article;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Antibiotic Misuse in Wound Care: Can Bacterial Localization through Fluorescence Imaging Help?

(1) background: systemic antibiotic use in chronic wounds is alarmingly high worldwide.Between 53% to 71% of patients are prescribed at least one course per chronic wound.Systemic antibiotic use should follow antibiotic stewardship guidelines and ought to be reserved for situations where their use is deemed supported by clinical indications.Unfortunately, in the field of wound care, indiscriminate and often inadequate use of systemic antibiotics is leading to both patient complications and worsening antibiotic resistance rates.Implementing novel tools that help clinicians prevent misuse or objectively determine the true need for systemic antibiotics is essential to reduce prescribing rates.(2) methods: we present a compendium of available systemic antibiotic prescription rates in chronic wounds.The impact of various strategies used to improve these rates, as well as preliminary data on the impact of implementing fluorescence imaging technology to finesse wound status diagnosis, are presented.(3) results: interventions including feedback from wound care surveillance and treatment data registries as well as better diagnostic strategies can ameliorate antibiotic misuse.(4) conclusions: interventions that mitigate unnecessary antibiotic use are needed.Effective strategies include those that raise awareness of antibiotic overprescribing and those that enhance diagnosis of infection, such as fluorescence imaging.

Journal: Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
Self-reported health impacts of caregiving by age and income among participants of the Canadian 2012 General Social Survey.

Introduction increases in life expectancy and the underlying age structure of the canadian population have contributed to dramatic increases in the number of seniors who are caregivers.While caregiving is associated with several adverse health impacts, there is a need to better understand how these impacts might be different among older caregivers, and whether those impacts are modified by socioeconomic status.Methods we sought to address these research gaps by using cross-sectional data provided by participants of the 2012 canadian general social survey (gss).Descriptive analyses were performed to compare the self-reported health impacts that participants attributed to caregiving, and how these varied by age and income.Logistic regression analyses were performed to identify which factors were associated with self-reported impacts on overall health among caregivers 65 years of age and older.Results the demographic characteristics of the care-providers varied substantially by age with older caregivers having lower incomes and devoting more time to caregiving relative to those who were younger.The self-reported impacts of caregiving on overall health were greatest among those between the ages of 35 and 64, and this pattern was evident across all income groups.Feelings of loneliness and social isolation as a result of caregiving responsibilities appeared to be mitigated by both greater age and income.However, across all age groups, caregiving was more likely to adversely impact exercise habits, healthy eating, and alcohol consumption than to promote more positive behaviours.Conclusion providing care impacts health behaviours and mental health regardless of age and income.However, our findings suggest that older caregivers (who are most often women)-who provide the most hours of care and on reduced incomes relative to younger caregivers-appear less impacted in terms of health behaviours, perhaps as a result of fewer competing demands relative to younger caregivers.Taken together, these findings suggest that support systems must consider caregiver impacts that vary in complex ways across age, sex, and income.

Journal: Health promotion and chronic disease prevention in Canada : research, policy and practice (2019)
Publication types: Journal Article
Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Morphology and Subtypes by Human Papillomavirus Type and by 16 Lineages and Sublineages.

Oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (scc) is increasing in incidence and, in western countries, strongly associated with transcriptionally-active high-risk human papillomavirus (hpv).Within hpv-positive tumors, there is wide morphologic diversity with numerous histologic subtypes of scc.There are also variable degrees of keratinization, anaplasia, stromal fibrosis, and maturing squamous differentiation.Unlike in the uterine cervix, where associations between hpv types and lineages/sublineages within types have been investigated with some clear correlations identified, little to no data exists for oropharyngeal scc.In this study, for a large cohort of oropharyngeal scc patients, we performed rtpcr for high-risk hpv.For the hpv positive patients, we sequenced the dna of the entire hpv16 genome and determined lineages and sublineages, correlating hpv status, genotype, and hpv16 lineages/sublineages with scc subtype and various histologic features.Of the 259 patients, 224 (86.5%) were high-risk hpv positive, of which 210/224 (93.8%) were hpv type 16 and 6/224 (2.7%) hpv type 33.Of the four hpv16 lineages, a was the most frequent (192/214 or 89.8%) and of the hpv16 a sublineages, a1 was the most frequent (112/210 or 53.3%).Patients with hpv negative tumors were more often keratinizing vs other types (23/35 or 65.7%) and thus more likely to have more maturing squamous differentiation and stromal desmoplasia.There was no significant correlation between hpv type (16 versus other), between hpv16 lineage (a versus others), or hpv16 a sublineages (a1 or a2 versus others) and morphologic type of scc nor the various morphologic features of anaplasia/multinucleation, degree of keratinization, nor amount of stromal desmoplasia.In summary, in our cohort, there was no correlation between the type of hpv, the hpv 16 lineage or sublineage, and any of the histologic features or morphologic scc subtypes.

Journal: Head and neck pathology (2021)
Publication types: Journal Article
Correlates of higher-risk drug-related behaviours at music festivals in New South Wales, Australia.

Introduction there are few contemporary data on illicit drug use at music festivals.We describe drug use patterns and prevalence of specific higher-risk drug-related behaviours, and their associations with festivalgoer characteristics.Methods we approached attendees at six major music festivals in new south wales, australia, from november 2019 to march 2020.Participants self-completed an anonymous survey on prior and intended drug use and associated higher-risk behaviours; double dropping; higher-volume ethanol alongside drug use; higher quantity 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (mdma); mixing stimulants; and preloading.Logistic regression and up set analyses were performed to identify festivalgoer characteristics and the intersection of high-risk behaviours, respectively.Results of 1229 participants, 372 (30.3%) used or planned to use drugs at the festival.In multivariable analyses, men and those purchasing drugs both inside and outside the venue had greater odds of engaging in higher-risk behaviours.Of those using mdma, 47.9% reported double dropping.People using drugs for the first time had 3.3 (95% confidence interval 1.2-8.7) greater odds of higher-volume ethanol alongside drug use.People reporting that police/police dog presence influenced their decision to take drugs had 2.2 (95% confidence interval 1.4-3.6) greater odds of preloading.In up set analysis, preloading was the most common intersection (17% of those using drugs).Discussions and conclusions engagement in the five higher-risk drug behaviours was common, particularly amongst males and those using drugs for the first time, while police/police dog presence appeared to influence higher-risk behaviours amongst festival attendees.This information can be used to inform harm reduction advice, public health and law enforcement strategies.

Journal: Drug and alcohol review (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Co-biosynthesis of germacrene A, a precursor of β-elemene, and lycopene in engineered Escherichia coli.

Β-elemene is the major component of a traditional chinese medicine (rhizoma curcumae) for cancer treatment, and plant extraction is the major methods currently.Biosynthesis of β-elemene is a promising and attractive route due to its advantages, including environmentally friendly processes, renewable resources, and sustainable development.In this research, biosynthesis of germacrene a, direct precursor of β-elemene, in escherichia coli was successfully performed and 11.99 mg/l germacrene a was obtained.Thereafter, a cobiosynthesis system for germacrene a and lycopene, another kind of isoprenoid, was constructed.Furthermore, the cultivation conditions were optimized.The germacrene a production was increased to the highest level reported to date, 364.26 mg/l, threefold increase to the strain with only germacrene a production.The cobiosynthesis system was suggested to promote the metabolic flux for germacrene a production.This research enabled germacrene a production in e.Coli, and it highlights the promoting mechanism of the cobiosynthesis system for two chemicals which are both belonging to isoprenoids.Key points : • co-production of germacrene a and lycopene in e.Coli.• promoting mechanism of cobiosynthesis of two isoprenoid compounds in e.Coli.• shake-flask production of germacrene a reached to the highest 364.26 mg/l in e.Coli.

Journal: Applied microbiology and biotechnology (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
Ultrasonication effects on physicochemical properties of starch-lipid complex.

The starch-lipid complex between the pea starch (pst) and glycerol monolaurate (gm) was prepared using ultrasound with different amplitudes, durations and application sequences.Fourier-transform infrared and nuclear magnetic resonance spectra showed the formation of amylose-lipid complex between pst and gm in the ultrasonic field.Stronger diffraction intensities were observed in samples treated by ultrasonication, whereas the thermogravimetric analysis indicated that the thermal stability of starch was improved by the formation of the v-type inclusion complexes.An ultrasound pre-treatment prior to the addition of a guest molecule (uc) was more favorable to induce the formation of an amylose-lipid complexes than ultrasound treatment after pst was incorporated with gm (cu).The uc-treated samples showed stronger diffraction intensities, higher melting enthalpy values and enzyme-resistant than that of cu-treated pst-gm complexes.

Journal: Food chemistry (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
Energy-Constrained Discrimination of Unitaries, Quantum Speed Limits, and a Gaussian Solovay-Kitaev Theorem.

We investigate the energy-constrained (ec) diamond norm distance between unitary channels acting on possibly infinite-dimensional quantum systems, and establish a number of results.First, we prove that optimal ec discrimination between two unitary channels does not require the use of any entanglement.Extending a result by acín, we also show that a finite number of parallel queries suffices to achieve zero error discrimination even in this ec setting.Second, we employ ec diamond norms to study a novel type of quantum speed limits, which apply to pairs of quantum dynamical semigroups.We expect these results to be relevant for benchmarking internal dynamics of quantum devices.Third, we establish a version of the solovay-kitaev theorem that applies to the group of gaussian unitaries over a finite number of modes, with the approximation error being measured with respect to the ec diamond norm relative to the photon number hamiltonian.

Journal: Physical review letters (2021)
Publication types: Journal Article
Accessory hepatic vein recanalization for hepatic vein-type Budd-Chiari syndrome.

To explore the clinical efficacy and long-term outcomes of accessory hepatic vein (ahv) recanalization as a means of treating hepatic vein (hv)-type budd-chiari syndrome (bcs).Methods between january 2011 and december 2018, a total of 46 symptomatic hv-type bcs patients were treated by ahv recanalization in our hospital.The technical and clinical success of this treatment, as well as associated long-term patient prognosis was assessed herein.Results the ahv recanalization approach was technically successful in 100% of patients, without any instances of complications associated with the operation.This procedure was 95.7% (44/46) clinically successful and resultant.Ahv re-obstruction occurred in 12 patients.The cumulative primary one-, two-, and five-year patency rates were 77.3%, 71.7%, and 71.7%, respectively.The secondary cumulative one-, two-, and five-year patency rates were 97.7, 87.1, and 87.1%, respectively.The five-year patency rates did not differ significantly between patients treated with balloons and stents (p= .674).Based on cox-regression analysis, younger age was an independent predictor of re-obstruction (p= .005).The cumulative one-, two-, and five-year survival rates were 97.7, 92.2, and 92.2%, respectively.Conclusions ahv recanalization is a safe and effective treatment for hv-type bcs.

Journal: Minimally invasive therapy & allied technologies : MITAT : official journal of the Society for Minimally Invasive Therapy (2021)
Publication types: Journal Article
A Medical Incapacity Hold Policy Reduces Inappropriate Use of Involuntary Psychiatric Holds While Protecting Patients From Harm.

The use of involuntary psychiatric holds (iph) to detain patients who lack the capacity to make health care decisions due to nonpsychiatric conditions is common.While this practice prevents patient harm, it also deprives civil liberties, risks liability for false imprisonment, and may hinder disposition.Medical incapacity hold (mih) policies, which establish institutional criteria and processes for detaining patients who lack capacity but do not meet criteria for an iph, provide a potential solution.Methods a retrospective chart review was conducted on adult medical/surgical inpatients placed on an iph or mih over the 1-year periods before and after implementation of a mih policy at an academic medical center.The primary outcome was frequency of iph utilization in patients who did not qualify for an iph as determined by 2 independent physician reviewers.A cohen's kappa was calculated to determine inter-rater reliability.Differences in patient demographics and outcomes were compared using a student's t-test, wilcoxon rank-sum test, and pearson chi-square test (α = 0.05).Results the cohen's kappa was 0.72 indicating substantial agreement.Seventy mihs were placed after implementation (mean duration 4.3 days).Before mih implementation, 17.6% of iphs were placed on non-qualifying patients, which decreased to 3.9% following mih implementation (p < 0.01).The average length of stay for patients on an iph or mih did not change following mih implementation.No instances of patient elopement, grievances, or litigation were found.Conclusion mih policies benefit both patients lacking capacity and the health care systems seeking to protect them while avoiding inappropriate use of iphs.

Journal: Psychosomatics (2019)
Publication types: Journal Article
Rectification in Molecular Tunneling Junctions Based on Alkanethiolates with Bipyridine-Metal Complexes.

This paper addresses the mechanism for rectification in molecular tunneling junctions based on alkanethiolates terminated by a bipyridine group complexed with a metal ion, that is, having the structure au ts-s(ch2)11bipy-mcl2(where m = co or cu) with a eutectic indium-gallium alloy top contact (ega in, 75.5% ga 24.5% in).Here, au ts-s(ch2)11bipy is a self-assembled monolayer (sam) of an alkanethiolate with 4-methyl-2,2'-bipyridine (bipy) head groups, on template-stripped gold (au ts).When the sam is exposed to cobalt(ii) chloride, sams of the form au ts-s(ch2)11bipy-co cl2rectify current with a rectification ratio ofr+= 82.0 at ±1.0 v.The rectification, however, disappears (r+= 1.0) when the sam is exposed to copper(ii) chloride instead of cobalt.We draw the following conclusions from our experimental results: (i) au ts-s(ch2)11bipy-co cl2junctions rectify current because only at positive bias (+1.0 v) is there an accessible molecular orbital (the lumo) on the bipy-co cl2moiety, while at negative bias (-1.0 v), neither the energy level of the homo or the lumo lies between the fermi levels of the electrodes.(ii) au ts-s(ch2)11bipy-cu cl2junctions do not rectify current because there is an accessible molecular orbital on the bipy-cu cl2moiety at both negative and positive bias (the homo is accessible at negative bias, and the lumo is accessible at positive bias).The difference in accessibility of the homo levels at -1.0 v causes charge transfer-at negative bias-to take place via fowler-nordheim tunneling in bipy-co cl2junctions, and via direct tunneling in bipy-cu cl2junctions.This difference in tunneling mechanism at negative bias is the origin of the difference in rectification ratio between bipy-co cl2and bipy-cu cl2junctions.

Journal: Journal of the American Chemical Society (2021)
Publication types: Journal Article;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't;Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.