syedzayyan/paper_mill_benchmark huggingface dataset:
Preparation and applications of chitosan and cellulose composite materials.

Chitosan is a natural fiber, chemically cellulose-like biopolymer, which is processed from chitin.Its use as a natural polymer is getting more attention because it is non-toxic, renewable, and biocompatible.However, its poor mechanical and thermal strength, particle size, and surface area restrict its industrial use.Consequently, to improve these properties, cellulose and/or inorganic nanoparticles have been used.This review discusses the recent progress of chitosan and cellulose composite materials, their preparation, and their applications in different industrial sectors.It also discusses the modification of chitosan and cellulose composite materials to allow their use on a large scale.Finally, the recent development of chitosan composite materials for drug delivery, food packaging, protective coatings, and wastewater treatment are discussed.The challenges and perspectives for future research are also considered.This review suggests that chitosan and cellulose nano-composite are promising, low-cost products for environmental remediation involving a simple production process.

Journal: Journal of environmental management (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article;Review
The 3366 chickpea genomes for research and breeding.

Genome sequences provide an unprecedented resource to rapidly develop modern crops.A recent paper by varshney et al.Provides genome variation maps of 3366 chickpea accessions.Here, we highlight how this breakthrough research can fundamentally change breeding practices of chickpea and potentially other crops.

Journal: Trends in plant science (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't;Comment
Fetal magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis of spinal cord neural tube defects: A prospective study.

This study aimed to evaluate the value of fetal magnetic resonance imaging (mri) in the prenatal diagnosis of spinal neural tube defects.Methods from august 2018 to january 2021, 56 fetuses with suspected spinal cord neural tube defects were treated by prenatal ultrasound in the neurosurgery department of the first medical center of the people's liberation army general hospital.Fetal mri was performed within 72 h after ultrasound diagnosis.Forty singleton fetuses were selected.Magnetic resonance examination was performed within 1 month after birth, and the diagnostic coincidence rates of prenatal ultrasound and fetal magnetic resonance examination in the prenatal diagnosis of spinal cord neural tube defects were compared and analyzed using postnatal magnetic resonance examination as the standard.Results the coincidence rates of prenatal ultrasound and fetal mri for the prenatal diagnosis of spina bifida were 71.4% (20/28) and 39.2% (11/28), respectively, and the difference was statistically significant.The coincidence rates of prenatal ultrasound and fetal mri in the diagnosis of intraspinal lipoma were 52.6% (10/19) and 73.7% (14/19), respectively, and the difference was statistically significant.Conclusion fetal mri has an advantage over prenatal ultrasound in detecting intraspinal lipoma.Prenatal ultrasound has an advantage over fetal mri in detecting spina bifida.

Journal: Frontiers in neurology (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
Description of a new flower fly species of the Copestylum vagum group (Diptera: Syrphidae) from pristine Amazonian rainforests of Colombia and Suriname.

The adult stage of a new flower fly species, copestylum enriquei sp.Nov.(diptera: syrphidae) is described based on a single male collected in pristine rainforest in the amazonian region of colombia (type-locality: florencia, caquet) and two females from a conserved forest in suriname (para and brokopondo).Copestylum enriquei sp.Nov.Belongs to the c.Vagum species group and is similar in appearance to copestylum vagum (wiedemann), c.Musicanum (curran), c.Tenorium ricarte rotheray, and c.Chapadensis (curran) from which it differs by the gena and face separated by a very broad brown vitta; scutum orange except for the wide medial vitta, which is dark and metallic, ending before the prescutellar region, with the apical margin m-shaped; tibiae dark-brown, except yellow on basal 1/4.The male genitalia of c.Enriquei sp.Nov.Are unique and striking among the c.Vagum species group, characterized by the epandrium and cercus black, contrasting with the colour of hypandrium and surstylus, which are orange; epandrium with a dorsal extension, a novel character among this species group, in addition to the l-shaped surstylus, with two pairs of rounded ridges in the dorsal edge, similar to a small deer antler in velvet.Images of type material, including photographs of male genitalia are provided.A comparison of the diagnostic characters is provided as well as modifications to the previous keys to distinguish c.Enriquei sp.Nov.From the other species of the c.Vagum group.The species copestylum araceorum ricarte rotheray and c.Tenorium ricarte rotheray are recorded for the first time in the amazonian rainforest in colombia.

Journal: Zootaxa (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
Data-informed stepped care to improve youth engagement in HIV care in Kenya: a protocol for a cluster randomised trial of a health service intervention.

Introduction adolescents and youth living with hiv (aylhiv) have lower retention in care, adherence to treatment, and viral suppression compared with adults.Stepped care is a process by which clients are assigned to increasingly intensive services or 'steps' according to level of need.Differentiated care, in which stable clients access less frequent services, can be combined with stepped care to align needs and preferences of youth to promote optimal engagement in care.Methods and analysis this hybrid type i effectiveness implementation cluster randomised trial aims to evaluate a data-informed stepped care (di sc) intervention for aylhiv.Aylhiv ages 10-24 receiving care at 24 hiv treatment facilities in kisumu, homabay and migori counties in kenya will be enrolled.Twelve facilities will be randomised to the di sc intervention, and 12 will provide standard care.A clinical assignment tool developed by the study team will be used at intervention sites to assign aylhiv to one of four steps based on risk for loss to follow-up: differentiated care, standard care, counselling services or intensive support services.The primary clinical outcome is retention in care, specifically missed visits (failure to return within 30 days for any visit) and 12-month loss to follow-up.Implementation outcomes are based on the reach, effectiveness, adoption, implementation and maintenance framework.Proportions of missed visits will be compared using mixed effect models clustered by facility and participant.Ethics and dissemination this study has been approved by the university of washington institutional review board (study00011096), maseno university ethical review committee (muerc/00917/20) and the kenya national commission for science, technology and innovation (444824).Aylhiv provide written informed consent when legally permitted, or assent with caregiver permission for minors.Study staff will work with a community advisory board, including youth members, to disseminate results via discussions, presentations, journal publications and local or international conferences.Trial registration number nct05007717.

Journal: BMJ open (2022)
Publication types: Clinical Trial Protocol;Journal Article;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't;Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Fabrication of Sulfated Heterosaccharide/Poly (Vinyl Alcohol) Hydrogel Nanocomposite for Application as Wound Healing Dressing.

Nowadays, natural polysaccharides-based hydrogels have achieved promising results as dressings to promote skin healing.In the present study, we prepared a novel hydrogel nanocomposite with poly(vinyl alcohol) (pva) and sulfated heterosaccharide (uf), named uph.The sem results showed that the uph had dense porous structures with a high porosity and a specific surface area.The uph had a good swelling property, which can effectively adsorb exudate and keep the wound moist.The in vitro experiments results showed that the uph was non-cytotoxic and could regulate the inflammatory response and promote the migration of fibroblasts significantly.The phenotypic, histochemistry, and western blot analyses showed uph treatment accelerated the wound healing and recovery of skin tissue at wound sites in a c57bl/6 mouse model.Furthermore, the uph could promote the inflammation process to onset earlier and last shorter than that in a normal process.Given its migration-promoting ability and physicochemical properties, the uph may provide an effective application for the treatment and management of skin wounds.

Journal: Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
Probabilistic co-occurrence assessment for suites of listed species.

Section 7 of the endangered species act requires the us environmental protection agency (us epa) to consult with the services (us fish and wildlife service and national marine fisheries service) over potential pesticide impacts on federally listed species.Consultation is complicated by the large number of pesticide products and listed species, as well as by lack of consensus on best practices for conducting co-occurrence analyses.Previous work demonstrates that probabilistic estimates of species' ranges and pesticide use patterns improve these analyses.Here we demonstrate that such estimates can be made for suites of sympatric listed species.Focusing on two watersheds, one in iowa and the other in mississippi, we obtained distribution records for 13 species of terrestrial and aquatic listed plants and animals occurring therein.We used maximum entropy modeling and bioclimatic, topographic, hydrographic, and land cover variables to predict species' ranges at high spatial resolution.We constructed probabilistic spatial models of use areas for two pesticides based on the us department of agriculture cropland data layer and reduced classification errors by incorporating information on the relationships between individual pixels and their neighbors using object-based images analysis.We then combined species distribution and crop footprint models to derive overall probability of co-occurrence of listed species and pesticide use.For aquatic species, we also integrated an estimate of downstream residue transport.We report each separate species-by-use-area co-occurrence estimate and also combine these modeled co-occurrence probabilities across species within watersheds to produce an overall metric of potential pesticide exposure risk for these listed species at the watershed level.We propose that the consultation process between us epa and the services be based on such batched estimation of probabilistic co-occurrence for multiple listed species at a regional scale.Integr environ assess manag 2022;18:1088-1100.© 2021 setac.

Journal: Integrated environmental assessment and management (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
Is artificial intelligence ready to solve mechanical ventilation? Computer says blow.

Artificial intelligence (ai) has the potential to identify treatable phenotypes, optimise ventilation strategies, and provide clinical decision support for patients who require mechanical ventilation.Gallifant and colleagues performed a systematic review to identify studies using ai to solve a diverse range of clinical problems in the ventilated patient.They identify 95 studies, the majority of which were reported in the last 5 yr.Their findings indicate that the majority of studies have significant methodological bias and are a long way from deployment.

Journal: British journal of anaesthesia (2022)
Publication types: Editorial;Comment
Titanium content influence on the optical response characteristics of TiO2/ormosils composite films doped with azobenzene.

Ti o2-based organic-inorganic composite films doped with azobenzene and photosensitive groups were prepared by combining a low-temperature solgel technique and a spin-coating method.The influence of ti o2content on the optical and structural properties of the composite films including the film thickness, the refractive index, the transmission loss, the thermal gravity analysis, and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy spectra was studied.Photoisomerization and optical switching characteristics of the composite film were investigated under the irradiation of 365 nm ultraviolet light and 450 nm visible light.Results indicate that several micrometer thick films can be easily obtained at room temperature and there is a proportional relationship between the refractive index value and the ti o2content.In addition, the composite films have a low optical propagation loss of about 0.1 d b/cm.The composite films with 0.2 mti o2content have an obvious photoisomerization and good optical switching properties.Finally, the hexagonal microlens array was fabricated in the composite films by using an ultraviolet nanoimprint technology.All these results above indicate that the as-prepared ti o2-based organic-inorganic composite film has potential applications in optical switching devices and photonic elements.

Journal: Applied optics (2021)
Publication types: Journal Article
Characteristic dynamics of height and weight in preschool boys with constitutional delay of growth and puberty or hypogonadotropic hypogonadism.

Constitutional delay of growth and puberty (cdgp) is a frequent variant of the normal leading to short stature and/or pubertal delay.To distinguish cdgp from hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (hh), we evaluated height, growth and weight pattern of cdgp and hh in the first 5 years of life.Design and patients we studied retrospectively height and weight in the first 5 years (y) of life in 54 boys with cdgp and 8 boys with hh.Results in boys with cdgp, height-sds decreased (change -0.94 (interquartile range [iqr] -1.69 to -0.05); p < 0.001) between birth and 2 years.Bmi-sds decreased (change -0.38 (iqr -1.21-0.16); p < 0.001) in the same time period.There were no significant changes in height-sds or bmi-sds between 2 years and 5 years, while height-sds (change + 1.49 (iqr 1.02-1.95); p < 0.001) and bmi-sds (change + 0.91 (iqr 0.12-1.69); p < 0.001) increased between pubertal and adult age.In boys with hh, height-sds and bmi-sds did not change significantly in the first 5 years of life.Height-sds decreased (change -1.39 (iqr -1.96 to -0.67); p = 0.018) significantly between 5 years of life and puberty, while there were no significant changes in bmi-sds in this time period.At pubertal age, bmi-sds was significantly (p = 0.001) higher in boys with hh compared with boys with cdgp.Conclusion height deflection and weight deflection in cdgp occur already during the first two years of life in contrast to hh.This different pattern of growth and weight might be helpful to distinguish cdgp from hh.

Journal: Clinical endocrinology (2019)
Publication types: Journal Article
Medical decision support system using weakly-labeled lung CT scans.

Determination and development of an effective set of models leveraging artificial intelligence techniques to generate a system able to support clinical practitioners working with covid-19 patients.It involves a pipeline including classification, lung and lesion segmentation, as well as lesion quantification of axial lung ct studies.Approach a deep neural network architecture based on dense net is introduced for the classification of weakly-labeled, variable-sized (and possibly sparse) axial lung ct scans.The models are trained and tested on aggregated, publicly available data sets with over 10 categories.To further assess the models, a data set was collected from multiple medical institutions in colombia, which includes healthy, covid-19 and patients with other diseases.It is composed of 1,322 ct studies from a diverse set of ct machines and institutions that make over 550,000 slices.Each ct study was labeled based on a clinical test, and no per-slice annotation took place.This enabled a classification into normal vs.Abnormal patients, and for those that were considered abnormal, an extra classification step into abnormal (other diseases) vs.Covid-19.Additionally, the pipeline features a methodology to segment and quantify lesions of covid-19 patients on the complete ct study, enabling easier localization and progress tracking.Moreover, multiple ablation studies were performed to appropriately assess the elements composing the classification pipeline.Results the best performing lung ct study classification models achieved 0.83 accuracy, 0.79 sensitivity, 0.87 specificity, 0.82 f1 score and 0.85 precision for the normal vs.Abnormal task.For the abnormal vs covid-19 task, the model obtained 0.86 accuracy, 0.81 sensitivity, 0.91 specificity, 0.84 f1 score and 0.88 precision.The ablation studies showed that using the complete ct study in the pipeline resulted in greater classification performance, restating that relevant covid-19 patterns cannot be ignored towards the top and bottom of the lung volume.Discussion the lung ct classification architecture introduced has shown that it can handle weakly-labeled, variable-sized and possibly sparse axial lung studies, reducing the need for expert annotations at a per-slice level.Conclusions this work presents a working methodology that can guide the development of decision support systems for clinical reasoning in future interventionist or prospective studies.

Journal: Frontiers in medical technology (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
Robot-Assisted Electrode Insertion in Cochlear Implantation Controlled by Intraoperative Electrocochleography-A Pilot Study.

Robotics in otology has been developing in many directions for more than two decades.Current clinical trials focus on more accurate stapes surgery, minimally invasive access to the cochlea and less traumatic insertion of cochlear implant (ci) electrode arrays.In this study we evaluated the use of the rob otol®(collin, bagneux, france) otologic robot to insert ci electrodes into the inner ear with intraoperative ecoch g analysis.This prospective, pilot study included two adult patients implanted with advanced bionics (westinghouse pi, ca, usa) cochlear implant, with hi focustm mid-scala electrode array.The standard surgical approach was used.For both subjects, who had residual hearing in the implanted ear, intraoperative and postoperative ecoch g was performed with the aimtmsystem.The surgeries were uneventful.A credible ecoch g response was obtained after complete electrode insertion in both cases.Preoperative bc thresholds compared to intraoperative estimated ecoch g thresholds and 2-day postoperative bc thresholds had similar values at frequencies where all thresholds were measurable.The results of the ecoch g performed one month after the surgery showed that in both patients the hearing residues were preserved for the selected frequencies.The rob otol®surgical robot allows for the correct, safe and gentle insertion of the cochlear implant electrode inside the cochlea.The use of electrocochleography measurements during robotic cochlear implantation offers an additional opportunity to evaluate and modify the electrode array insertion on an ongoing basis, which may contribute to the preservation of residual hearing.

Journal: Journal of clinical medicine (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
Successful thrombolysis with low dose thrombolytic agent in a patient with acute life-threatening massive pulmonary thromboembolism: A case report.

Introduction and importance: acute massive pulmonary thromboembolism is a potentially life-threatening condition requiring urgent management to decrease mortality.Although the standard dose of systemic thrombolysis with alteplase is 100 mg, half the dose of alteplase can be used to break up clots successfully, especially if bleeding is a concern.Case presentation we report a case of massive pulmonary thromboembolism presenting with cardiopulmonary arrest, successfully managed with advanced cardiac life support, anticoagulants, and low-dose thrombolytics.Clinical discussion management of massive pulmonary thromboembolism includes medical thrombolysis along with maintenance of hemodynamic stability.Our patient was successfully managed with low-dose thrombolytics and was continued with standard oral anticoagulants for 6 months.Conclusion in patients of acute massive pulmonary thromboembolism, a low dose of the thrombolytic agent can achieve complete resolution of the thrombus with less bleeding risk.

Journal: Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) (2022)
Publication types: Case Reports;Journal Article
The perceptions of older people living with hiv/aids towards physical activity and exercise.

Older people living with hiv (oplwh) require significant levels of support, including healthcare and rehabilitation interventions.People living with hiv are living longer, but still experience health-related impairments that affect functional activity, participation in day-to-day interactions, livelihoods and overall quality of life.Physical activity and exercise should be included as part of the comprehensive medical management for oplwh but the investigation of prior studies reveal a gap in understanding and prescription.Our study aimed to explore the perceptions of oplwh about physical activity and exercise.Methods the study adopted a phenomenological, qualitative design, using in-depth interviews, to understand oplwh perceptions of physical activity and exercise, and their need for, and access to, physical activity and exercise programmes in a community in south africa.Nine [9] males and seven [7] females participated in the study.Results sixteen individuals voluntarily participated in face-to-face, semi-structured interviews which took place at the healthcare facility where they received regular treatment.All participants were 50 years and older.Personal gratification and the ability to perform activities of daily living as well as participate in community activities were believed to be strong motivators for exercise participation, while barriers to exercise were attributed to physical health issues; lack of proper instruction as well as stigma associated with hiv status within their communities.Participants also favored a combination of aerobic, flexibility and strength activities, as well as proper supervision and instruction within a group exercise setting.Conclusion the qualitative nature of our study provided an in-depth understanding of the perceptions of oplwh towards physical activity and exercise.Our study highlighted the factors that hinder adherence to physical activity and exercise in this population.Many indicated that they would love to engage in structured physical activity programmes, but did not know where, when or how to begin.Creating a suitable environment with proper supervision and instruction by suitably qualified health professionals are essential when developing a community-based exercise programme for oplwh.

Journal: AIDS research and therapy (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't