syedzayyan/paper_mill_benchmark huggingface dataset:
Estimation of smoking-related mortality and its contribution to educational inequalities in life expectancy in Spain: an observational study, 2016-2019.

To estimate smoking-related mortality and its contribution to educational inequalities in life expectancy in spain.Design nationwide, observational study from 2016 to 2019.Population-attributable fractions were used to estimate age, sex and education-specific cause-of-death smoking-attributable mortality.Life table techniques and decomposition methods were used to estimate potential gains in life expectancy at age 35 and the cause-specific contributions of smoking-related mortality to life expectancy differences across educational groups.Setting spain.Participants we use cause-specific mortality data from population registers and smoking prevalence from the national and the european health survey for spain from 2017 and 2019/2020, respectively.Results we estimated 219 086 smoking-related deaths during 2016-2019, equalling 13% of all deaths, 83.7% of those in men.In the absence of smoking, potential gains in male life expectancy were higher among the low-educated than the high-educated (3.1 vs 2.1 years).For women, educational differences were less and also in the opposite direction (0.6 vs 0.9 years).The contribution of smoking to life expectancy differences between high-educated and low-educated groups accounted for 1.5 years among men, and -0.2 years among women.For men, the contribution of smoking to these differences was mostly driven by cancer in middle age, cardiometabolic diseases at younger ages and respiratory diseases at older ages.For women, the contribution to this gap, although negligible, was driven by cancer at older ages among the higher educated.Conclusions smoking remains a relevant preventable risk factor of premature mortality in spain, disproportionately affecting life expectancy of low-educated men.

Journal: BMJ open (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article;Observational Study;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
NeonaTal Assisted TelerehAbilitation (T.A.T.A. Web App) for Hearing-Impaired Children: A Family-Centered Care Model for Early Intervention in Congenital Hearing Loss.

An early hearing detection and intervention program (ehdi) is the first step for the habilitation of children with permanent hearing impairment (phi).Actually, early intervention programs have increasingly shifted toward family involvement, emphasizing that the child's family should take an active role in the habilitation process.Therefore, familiar empowerment is the best way to improve a child's emerging abilities.The aim of this study was to investigate parental self-efficacy beliefs and involvement as well as the language skills of deaf or hard of hearing dhh children who were habilitated with hearing aids and followed using the t.a.t.a web app (neona tal assisted telereh abilitation), an example of asynchronous telepractice.Methods the study describes the early stages of the habilitation program of 15 phi children followed through the t.a.t.a.Web app, which empowers families through a weekly questionnaire submitted during the first 270 to 360 days of their child's life, for 14 weeks.The family involvement rate scale (firs) was used to evaluate parental compliance, and all children received in-person visits at the beginning and at the end of the training period.Results the children showed greater auditory perceptual skills at the end of the training period on the basis of both the infant listening progress profile (ili p) score and the categories of auditory performance (cap) and firs scales.In other words, the auditory skills improved with age as well as with parental participation.Conclusions the t.a.t.a.Web app promotes a proactive management and a tailored habilitation through an active familiar involvement, easily achieved in clinical routine and in emergency settings without additional costs.

Journal: Audiology research (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
Ecological and evolutionary trends of body size in Pristimantis frogs, the world's most diverse vertebrate genus.

Body size is a key organismal trait.However, the environmental and evolutionary factors that drive body size patterns at the interspecific level remain unclear.Here, we explored these relationships between phenotype-environment using neotropical frogs of pristimantis, the world's most diverse vertebrate genus.We analyzed: (a) whether this group follows the rensch's rule, a trend of sexual size dimorphism (ssd) to increase with size when males are the larger sex; (b) whether environmental constraints have influenced body size variation; and (c) how the rates of body size evolution have varied over time.Analyses were based on two information sources, the first one including body sizes of ~ 85% (495 species) of known species in the genus, and a second one incorporating molecular phylogenetic information for 257 species.Our results showed that all pristimantis species exhibited marked ssd but did not follow rensch's rule.We found that the models that best explained body size in males, females, and ssd contained environmental variations in temperature, precipitation, and elevation as predictors.In turn, body size has evolved toward an optimum, with a decelerating rate of evolution differentiated between the large pristimantis clades.

Journal: Scientific reports (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Guidance on the treatment of antipsychotic-induced hyperprolactinemia when switching the antipsychotic is not an option.

This article aims to evaluate management options for antipsychotic-induced hyperprolactinemia and associated treatment considerations such as efficacy, tolerability, drug interactions, contraindications, and dosing regimens.Summary hyperprolactinemia is a common adverse effect of antipsychotics.First-line management includes reducing the dose of the offending antipsychotic, discontinuing the antipsychotic, or switching to another antipsychotic associated with a lower risk of hyperprolactinemia.However, these options are not always practical and are associated with a risk of relapse of the psychiatric illness.Other management options include adjunctive aripiprazole, dopamine agonists (cabergoline and bromocriptine), metformin, and herbal supplements.A search of embase, pub med, and google scholar using key terms such as hyperprolactinemia, prolactin, antipsychotic, treatment guidelines, aripiprazole, dopamine agonist, cabergoline, bromocriptine, metformin, herbals, supplements, and medications was conducted for literature retrieval.Upon evaluation of the available literature we found the following: (1) aripiprazole is safe and effective in lowering prolactin levels within normal limits; (2) adjunctive cabergoline and bromocriptine decrease elevated prolactin levels, while cabergoline may be more effective in reducing prolactin but can also be associated with a more serious adverse effect of cardiac valvular abnormalities; (3) metformin causes a mild reduction of prolactin levels; and (4) there are limited data to support use of herbal medications (chamomile, peony-glycyrrhiza decoction, and shakuyaku-kanzo-to) in antipsychotic-induced hyperprolactinemia.Conclusion there are treatments available for antipsychotic-induced hyperprolactinemia in patients who are unable to alter their current antipsychotic regimen.However, there remains a need for additional short- and long-term studies to determine the efficacy and safety of these treatment strategies, given that patients taking antipsychotics typically require chronic, life-long treatment for their illnesses.

Journal: American journal of health-system pharmacy : AJHP : official journal of the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists (2021)
Publication types: Journal Article
The Family Talk Intervention in Pediatric Oncology: Ill Children's Descriptions of Feasibility and Potential Effects.

There are few scientifically evaluated psychosocial interventions in pediatric oncology, despite the needs for families.The family-based psychosocial intervention "the family talk intervention" (fti) has shown promising results in other care contexts and was therefore pilot-tested in pediatric oncology.In this study, we examined the experiences of participating in fti from ill children's perspectives regarding feasibility and potential effects.methods:this pilot study involved 26 families in pediatric oncology that had participated in fti.The paper is focused on those ill children who answered surveys (n = 19) and/or participated in interviews (n = 11) when fti had ended.Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics and thematic analysis.results:for most ill children, fti came at the right time, included a reasonable number of meetings, and the length of the meetings was appropriate.The children felt listened to and understood by the interventionists and almost all children reported that fti had helped them in some way.The children's perceptions indicated that fti improved communication within the family and strengthened family relations.Children reported that the parents and their siblings seemed to feel better after participation and became more understanding.discussion:the findings of this pilot study indicated that a full-scale study could be valuable from the ill children's perspective, as fti was reported as feasible and had positive effects.The findings showed that fti gave families an opportunity to open up communication about the illness, adjust their behaviors, and strengthen family relationships.trial registration:clinical trials.gov identifier nct03650530.

Journal: Journal of pediatric hematology/oncology nursing (2022)
Publication types: Clinical Study;Journal Article;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Analyzing the adoption of radiofrequency ablation of thyroid nodules using the diffusion of innovations theory: understanding where we are in the United States?

Thyroid nodules are very common and found in up to 68% of the general u.s.Population on ultrasound.Although thyroidectomy has long been the mainstay of treatment for malignant and symptomatic benign thyroid nodules, various interventional ablative techniques have emerged in the last couple of decades as alternative non-surgical treatment options.Globally, the most widely adopted technique has been ultrasound-guided radiofrequency ablation (rfa).Rfa of thyroid nodules was first performed in 2002, and there has been an expanding body of evidence since 2006 showing that rfa and other interventional ablative techniques are effective treatments for benign solid thyroid nodules, toxic adenomas, and thyroid cysts.More recently, evidence has emerged that these techniques may be effective treatment for low-risk thyroid cancer and recurrent disease.Despite these findings, the united states has been slow to adopt these techniques, with only a single publication on rfa more than a decade after the first series was published.Em rogers' diffusion of innovation theory provides us the appropriate lens to carefully analyze the process of adoption of rfa for thyroid nodules-to understand where we are currently, as well as, the important next steps that must be accomplished in order for rfa and other ablative techniques to be successfully adopted into the management algorithm of thyroid nodules in the united states.

Journal: Ultrasonography (Seoul, Korea) (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
Electrokinetic translocation of a deformable nanoparticle controlled by field effect in nanopores.

Nanopores have become a popular single-molecule manipulation and detection technology.In this paper, we have constructed a continuum model of the nanopore; the arbitrary lagrangian-eulerian (ale) method is used to describe the motion of particles and fluid.The mathematical model couples the stress-strain equation for the dynamics of a deformable particle, the poisson equation for the electric field, the navier-stokes equations for the flow field, and the nernst-planck equations for ionic transport.Based on the model, the mechanism of field-effect regulation of particles passing through a nanopore is investigated.The results show that the transport of particles which is controlled by the field effect depends on the electroosmotic flow (eof) generated by the gate electrode in the nanopore and the electrostatic interaction between the nanopore and particles.That also explains the asymmetry of particle transport velocity in the nanopore with a gate electrode.When the gate potential is negative, or the gate electrode length is small, the maximum deformation of the particles is increased.The field-effect regulation in the nanopore provides an active and compatible method for nanopore detection, and provides a convenient method for the active control of the particle deformation in the nanopore.

Journal: Electrophoresis (2021)
Publication types: Journal Article;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
IKKβ primes inflammasome formation by recruiting NLRP3 to the trans-Golgi network.

The nlrp3 inflammasome plays a central role in antimicrobial defense as well as in the context of sterile inflammatory conditions.Nlrp3 activity is governed by two independent signals: the first signal primes nlrp3, rendering it responsive to the second signal, which then triggers inflammasome formation.Our understanding of how nlrp3 priming contributes to inflammasome activation remains limited.Here, we show that ikkβ, a kinase activated during priming, induces recruitment of nlrp3 to phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate (pi4p), a phospholipid enriched on the trans-golgi network.Nek7, a mitotic spindle kinase that had previously been thought to be indispensable for nlrp3 activation, was redundant for inflammasome formation when ikkβ recruited nlrp3 to pi4p.Studying i psc-derived human macrophages revealed that the ikkβ-mediated nek7-independent pathway constitutes the predominant nlrp3 priming mechanism in human myeloid cells.Our results suggest that pi4p binding represents a primed state into which nlrp3 is brought by ikkβ activity.

Journal: Immunity (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Protein import and export across the bacterial outer membrane.

The bacterial outer membrane forms an impermeable barrier to the environment, but a wide variety of substances must cross it without compromising the membrane.Perhaps, the most fascinating transport phenomenon is the import and export of very large protein toxins using relatively small β-barrel proteins residing in the outer membrane.Progress has been made on three systems in recent years that shed light on this process.In this review, we summarize bacteriocin (toxin) import using ton b-dependent transporters and protein secretion by autotransporters and two partner secretion systems.

Journal: Current opinion in structural biology (2021)
Publication types: Journal Article;Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural;Review
Primary aldosteronism and obstructive sleep apnea: What do we know thus far?

Both primary aldosteronism and obstructive sleep apnea are well-known causes of hypertension and contribute to increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality independently.However, the relationship between these two entities remains unclear, with studies demonstrating contradictory results.This review aims to collate and put into perspective current available research regarding the association between primary aldosteronism and obstructive sleep apnea.The relationship between these two entities, clinical characteristics, clinical implications, outcomes of treatment, potential causal links and mechanisms are hereby presented.

Journal: Frontiers in endocrinology (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article;Review;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
The role of endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration/biopsy in the diagnosis of mediastinal lesions.

Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration/biopsy (eus-fna/fnb) is an accurate technique for sampling the pancreas and mediastinum.The aim of this study was to determine the value of eus-fna/fnb in the diagnosis of mediastinal lesions.Methods data from 107 patients who underwent eus-fna/fnb for mediastinal lesions were evaluated.Results the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of eus-fna/fnb for mediastinal lesions were 92.00%, 100%, 100%, and 85%, respectively.The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of eus-fna for malignant mediastinal lesions were 92.00%, 100%, 100%, and 86.00%, respectively.The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of eus-fnb for malignant mediastinal lesions were 92.00%, 100%, 100%, and 82.00%, respectively.Except for the discomfort caused by conventional gastroscopy, none of the patients had any complications, such as damage to surrounding large blood vessels or nerves.Conclusion eus-fna/fnb is an effective tool for diagnosing unknown mediastinal lesions, without any obvious complications.

Journal: Frontiers in surgery (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
Novel Bis-Schiff's base derivatives of 4-nitroacetophenone as potent α-glucosidase agents: Design, synthesis and in silico approach.

Bis-schiff's base derivatives of 4-nitroacetophenone (1-18) were synthesized in good yields by reacting hydrazone of 4-nitroacetophenone with substituted aldehydes and ketones with catalytic amount of acetic acid.The structures of synthesized products (1-18) were deduced with the help of spectroscopic techniques like1h nmr,13c nmr and hr-esims.The synthesized bis-schiff's bases were assessed for their α-glucosidase inhibitory activity where compound 4 (ic50= 2.79 ± 0.04 μm), 1 (ic50= 9.76 ± 0.31 μm), 6 (ic50= 11.37 ± 0.20 μm), 17 (ic50= 14.10 ± 0.12 μm), 14 (ic50= 17.21 ± 0.28 μm), and 8 (ic50= 20.73 ± 0.53 μm), showed a very high potential for inhibition of α-glucosidase.Compounds 11, 15, 16, 2, 18, 7, and 5 showed significant inhibition against alpha-glucosidase with ic50values 22.98 ± 0.34, 24.45 ± 0.53, 27.31 ± 0.29, 40.56 ± 0.60, 41.58 ± 0.47, 46.53 ± 0.76, and 47.46 ± 0.89 μm, respectively.Furthermore, compound 10 (ic50= 52.63 ± 0.74 μm), 12 (ic50= 70.80 ± 3.59 μm), 3 (ic50= 82.68 ± 0.69 μm), 13 (ic50= 88.89 ± 4.25 μm), and 9 (ic50= 94.58 ± 0.86 μm) showed moderate activity towards the inhibition of α-glucosidase enzyme.All these compounds were compared with acarbose (ic50= 875.75 ± 1.24 μm) as a standard α-glucosidase inhibitor.Molecular docking was used to know the molecular bases of such high activities against α-glucosidase.High docking scores were recorded implying significant interactions between the active compounds and amino acid residues of the active site of α-glucosidase.

Journal: Bioorganic chemistry (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Smoking modulates different secretory subpopulations expressing SARS-CoV-2 entry genes in the nasal and bronchial airways.

Sars-co v-2 infection and disease severity are influenced by viral entry (ve) gene expression patterns in the airway epithelium.The similarities and differences of ve gene expression (ace2, tmprss2, and ctsl) across nasal and bronchial compartments have not been fully characterized using matched samples from large cohorts.Gene expression data from 793 nasal and 1673 bronchial brushes obtained from individuals participating in lung cancer screening or diagnostic workup revealed that smoking status (current versus former) was the only clinical factor significantly and reproducibly associated with ve gene expression.The expression of ace2 and tmprss2 was higher in smokers in the bronchus but not in the nose.Sc rna-seq of nasal brushings indicated that ace2 co-expressed genes were highly expressed in club and c15orf48+secretory cells while tmprss2 co-expressed genes were highly expressed in keratinizing epithelial cells.In contrast, these ace2 and tmprss2 modules were highly expressed in goblet cells in sc rna-seq from bronchial brushings.Cell-type deconvolution of the gene expression data confirmed that smoking increased the abundance of several secretory cell populations in the bronchus, but only goblet cells in the nose.The association of ace2 and tmprss2 with smoking in the bronchus is due to their high expression in goblet cells which increase in abundance in current smoker airways.In contrast, in the nose, these genes are not predominantly expressed in cell populations modulated by smoking.In individuals with elevated lung cancer risk, smoking-induced ve gene expression changes in the nose likely have minimal impact on sars-co v-2 infection, but in the bronchus, smoking may lead to higher viral loads and more severe disease.

Journal: Scientific reports (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article;Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural;Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Detection of Atypical Femur Fractures.

The 2019 international society for clinical densitometry (iscd) position development conference task force for monitoring with dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (dxa) identified detection of atypical femur fractures (affs) as an important topic and established this working group to answer key questions in this area.The authors conducted a systematic review of the literature and deliberated on proposed iscd positions, which were then reviewed by an external expert panel and vetted at the 2019 iscd position development conference in kuala lumpur on march 23, 2019.This paper summarizes the final iscd positions and the rationale for supporting these positions.Default-length femur imaging or extended-length femur imaging as well as full-length femur imaging (ffi), both single-energy and dual-energy scans, by dxa can detect abnormalities in the spectrum of aff.It is important to visually inspect all dxa scans of the hip and femur, and report on findings of focal periosteal and endosteal thickening at the lateral cortex (grade: good, a, w).Ffi is the preferred dxa scan mode for detecting abnormalities in the spectrum of aff.The ffi report should state the absence or presence of abnormalities in the spectrum of aff.If focal thickening is present on the lateral cortex, the report should state whether a lucent line is seen (grade: fair, c, w).The iscd recommends considering the use of bilateral ffi in patients who are currently or have been in the past year on potent antiresorptive therapy (ie, oral or intravenous bisphosphonate or subcutaneous denosumab therapy) for a cumulative period of 3 or more years, especially those on long-term glucocorticoid therapy (grade: fair, b, w).More research is needed to determine the role of repeat testing and the optimal time interval for follow-up dxa scans, whether an automated measuring tool would perform better than visual inspection, whether ffi would change patient management and outcomes, and the cost-effectiveness of ffi.

Journal: Journal of clinical densitometry : the official journal of the International Society for Clinical Densitometry (2019)
Publication types: Journal Article;Review