syedzayyan/paper_mill_benchmark huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Lens Capsule Stability Using Capsular Tension Ring, Iris Retractor, and Capsule Expander Using a Porcine Model With Zonular Dehiscence.

We evaluate the efficacy of capsular tension rings (ctrs), iris retractors (irs), and capsule expanders (ces) in stabilizing the lens capsule under different degrees of zonular dehiscence using a porcine model.Methods we developed an experimental model that can be used to observe the dynamics of lens capsules with different degrees of zonular dehiscence during phacoemulsification and aspiration (pea).Pea was performed without any aid (control) and with devices.A ctr was used for a dehiscence of 30°, 45°, 60°, 90°, 120°, 150°, and 180° and one to four irs or one to three ces were used for a dehiscence of 90°, 120°, and 180°.The retention rate, calculated as the area of the capsular bag during pea divided by the area before zonular dissection, and the number of lens fragments dropped into the vitreous cavity during pea were examined and compared among the control and experimental groups.Results the retention rate increased significantly with the use of devices compared to the control (p < 0.05).The number of dropped lens fragments decreased by one or less with the use of ctr, one ir, or one ce for 90°, two irs, or one or two ces for 120°, and three or four irs, or two or three ces for 180° of zonular dehiscence.Conclusions the experimental porcine eye model with zonular dehiscence makes it possible to observe the entire configuration of the lens capsule, and demonstrates differences in the efficacy of capsular bag retention with ctr, ir, and ce.

Journal: Investigative ophthalmology & visual science (2019)
Publication types: Comparative Study;Journal Article
Exploring Hospital Overcrowding with an Explainable Time-to-Event Machine Learning Approach.

Emergency department (ed) overcrowding is a complex problem that is intricately linked with the operations of other hospital departments.Leveraging ed real-world production data provides a unique opportunity to comprehend this multifaceted problem holistically.This paper introduces a novel approach to analyse healthcare production data, treating the length of stay of patients, and the follow up decision regarding discharge or admission to the hospital as a time-to-event analysis problem.Our methodology employs traditional survival estimators and machine learning models, and shapley additive explanations values to interpret the model outcomes.The most relevant features influencing length of stay were whether the patient received a scan at the ed, emergency room urgent visit, age, triage level, and the medical alarm unit category.The clinical insights derived from the explanation of the models holds promise for increase understanding of the overcrowding from the data.Our work demonstrates that a time-to-event approach to the over- crowding serves as a valuable initial to uncover crucial insights for further investigation and policy design.

Journal: Studies in health technology and informatics (2024)
Publication types: Journal Article
The role of macrophages and osteoclasts in the progression of leukemia.

Bone marrow microenvironment provides critical regulatory signals for lineage differentiation and maintenance of hsc quiescence, and these signals also contribute to hematological myeloid malignancies.Macrophages exhibit high phenotypic heterogeneity under both physiological and pathological conditions and are mainly divided into proinflammatory m1 and anti-inflammatory m2 macrophages.Furthermore, osteoclasts are multinucleated giant cells that arise by fusion of monocyte/macrophage-like cells, which are commonly known as bone macrophages.Emerging evidence suggests that macrophages and osteoclasts originating from myeloid progenitors lead to two competing differentiation outcomes, and they appear to play an important role in the onset, progression, and bone metastasis of solid cancers.However, little is known about their role in the development of hematological malignancies.In this review, we focus on macrophages and osteoclasts, their role in leukemia, and the potential for targeting these cells in this disease.

Journal: Hematology (Amsterdam, Netherlands) (2021)
Publication types: Journal Article;Review
The Cropping Obstacle of Garlic Was Associated With Changes in Soil Physicochemical Properties, Enzymatic Activities and Bacterial and Fungal Communities.

S in garlic cultivation, long-time monoculture has resulted in continuous-cropping obstacles.However, the cause has not been studied to date.Methods we analyzed soils from garlic fields in pengzhou, china, to determine continuous-cropping obstacle related changes in soil physicochemical properties and enzyme activities, and in the diversity and composition of bacterial and fungal communities.Furthermore, we examined the relationships between soil properties and the bacterial and fungal communities.Results the soil p h and the soil catalase, urease, invertase, and polyphenol oxidase activities were lower in the cropping obstacle soil than in the healthy control soil.The richness and diversity of the bacteria were lower in the cropping obstacle soil than in the control.The bacterial and fungal communities in the cropping obstacle soil were clearly different from those in the control soil.The differences in bacterial communities between the cropping obstacle soil and the control soil were associated with differences in p h and available potassium content.The taxa with higher relative abundances in the cropping obstacle soils included potential plant pathogens and the taxa with lower relative abundances included potential plant growth promoters.Conclusion the enrichment of plant pathogens and the depletion of plant growth promoting fungi may have contributed to the poor growth of garlic in the cropping obstacle soil.The enzyme activity and microbial community differences were associated with acidification that was likely an important factor in the deterioration of the soil ecological environment and the garlic cropping obstacle.The results provide information to guide agricultural practices in cultivating garlic.

Journal: Frontiers in microbiology (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
Ethical Considerations in Balancing Use of Seclusion and Restraint With Risk of COVID-19 Exposure: Recommendations for Youth Inpatient Psychiatry Units.

The onset of the covid-19 pandemic has presented unique challenges for inpatient psychiatry units (ipus).Ipus, especially those caring for children and adolescents, rely heavily on milieu group programming to provide care and supervision for patients, and have had to adapt unit policies and procedures to maintain a therapeutic milieu while minimizing covid-19 transmission.1simultaneously providing care while preventing transmission of covid-19 within ipus is a formidable task, and many ipus face the additional challenge of treating youth who have been exposed to, or are actively infected with, covid-19.In addition, given the need to prevent transmission of covid-19, recommendations include "mandatory quarantine and isolation when patients refuse to adhere to guidelines,"2potentially leading to the use of restraint when patients attempt to leave isolation; thus a conflict between the potential risks of enforcing infection prevention policies in order to reduce virus transmission and best practices of eliminating seclusion and restraint (s/r) creates an ethical dilemma for ipus.

Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (2022)
Publication types: Editorial
Emotion recognition and eye tracking of static and dynamic facial affect: A comparison of individuals with and without traumatic brain injury.

Diminished social functioning is often seen after traumatic brain injury (tbi).Mechanisms contributing to these deficits are poorly understood but thought to relate to impaired ability to recognize facial expressions.Static stimuli are often used to investigate ability post-tbi, and there is less evidence using morereal-lifedynamic stimuli.In addition, most studies rely on behavioral responses alone.The present study investigated the performance of a tbi group and matched non-tbi group on static and dynamic tasks using eye-tracking technology alongside behavioral measures.This is the first study to use eye tracking methodology alongside behavioral measures in emotion recognition tasks in people with brain injury.Eighteen individuals with heterogeneous tbi and 18 matched non-tbi participants were recruited.Stimuli representing six core emotions (anger, disgust, fear, happy, sad, and surprise faces) were selected from the amsterdam dynamic facial expression set (adfes).Participants were instructed to identify the emotion displayed correctly whilst eye movement metrics were recorded.Results results of analyses showed that tbi patients had first fixation to nose for all emotion stimuli, shorter fixation duration and lower fixation count to eyes, were generally slower to classify stimuli, and less accurate than non-tbi group for the static task.Those with tbi were also less accurate at identifying angry, disgust, and fear stimulus faces compared to the non-tbi group during the dynamic unfolding of an emotion.Conclusion in the present study, those with tbi had atypical eye scan patterns during emotion identification in the static emotion recognition task compared to the non-tbi group and were associated with lower identification accuracy on behavioral measures in both static and dynamic tasks.Findings suggest potential disruption to oculomotor systems vital for first stage perceptual processing.Arguably, these impairments may contribute to diminished social functioning.

Journal: Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Efficient T Cell Migration and Activation Require L-Plastin.

Rapid re-organization of the actin cytoskeleton supports t-cell trafficking towards immune sites and interaction with antigen presenting cells (apcs).F-actin rearrangement enables t-cell trafficking by stabilizing adhesion to vascular endothelial cells and promoting transendothelial migration.T-cell/apc immune synapse (is) maturation also relies upon f-actin-anchored lfa-1:icam-1 ligation.Therefore, efficient t-cell responses require tight regulation of f-actin dynamics.In this review, we summarize how the actin-bundling protein l-plastin (lpl) regulates t-cell activation and migration.Lpl enhances f-actin polymerization and also directly binds to the β2 chain of the integrin lfa-1 to support intercellular adhesion and is formation in human and murine t cells.Lpl- deficient t cells migrate slowly in response to chemo-attractants such as cxcl12, ccl19, and poorly polarize towards icam-1.Loss of lpl impairs thymic egress and intranodal motility.Lpl is also required for t-cell is maturation with apcs, and therefore for efficient cytokine production and proliferation.Lpl-/-mice are less susceptible to t-cell mediated pathologies, such as allograft rejection and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (eae).Lpl activity is regulated by its n-terminal "headpiece", which contains serine and threonine phosphorylation and calcium- and calmodulin-binding sites.Lpl phosphorylation is required for lamellipodia formation during adhesion and migration, and also for lfa-1 clustering during is formation.However, the precise molecular interactions by which lpl supports t-cell functional responses remain unclear.Future studies elucidating lpl-mediated regulation of t-cell migration and/or activation may illuminate pathways for therapeutic targeting in t-cell-mediated diseases.

Journal: Frontiers in immunology (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article;Review;Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Practical Nutrition Strategies to Support Basketball Performance during International Short-Term Tournaments: A Narrative Review.

A short-term (e.g., 6 days) basketball tournament is a shorter version of international tournaments, and qualification in it enables participation in international tournaments such as the olympics and world championships or preparation before major tournaments.Time for recovery between matches is shorter compared with major tournaments, resulting in an accentuated load on players, which can be repeated up to four times within the 6-day competition period.Therefore, nutritional strategies need to focus on faster and adequate recovery after each match as well as optimum fuelling and hydration before and during matches.Travelling can also create additional challenges when preparing and/or applying those nutritional strategies.There are some particular evidence-based sport foods and ergogenic aids that can improve intermittent activity and/or the execution of motor skills, which may facilitate basketball players' recovery and performance.The present review provides practical nutritional strategies to support short-term basketball tournaments based on players' physiological needs and current sport nutrition guidelines.

Journal: Nutrients (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article;Review
Financial Analysis of Closed Femur Fractures in 3- to 6-Year-Olds Treated With Immediate Spica Casting Versus Intramedullary Fixation.

Health care in america continues to place more importance on providing value-based medicine.Medicare reimbursements are increasingly being tied to this and future policy changes are expected to reinforce these trends.Recent literature has shown pediatric femur fractures in preschool-age children have equivalent clinical and radiographic outcomes when treated with spica casting or flexible intramedullary nails (imn).We compared hospital care statistics including charges for nonoperative versus operative treatment for closed femur fractures in 3- to 6-year-olds.Methods an irb-approved retrospective chart review was performed of 73 consecutive 3- to 6-year-olds treated at a regional level 1 pediatric hospital from january 1, 2009 to december 31, 2013 with an isolated, closed femoral shaft fracture.Exclusion criteria included open fractures, bilateral injury, and polytrauma.Immediate spica casting was performed in the emergency department or anesthesia procedure unit versus imn in the operating room.Results a total of 41 patients were treated with spica casting and 32 patients were treated operatively with flexible imns; 3 patients failed nonoperative care.After analysis of final treatment groups, significant differences included age at injury: 3.7 years for cast versus 5.3 years for imn (p<0.001), time to discharge 21 versus 41 hours (p<0.001), 3.2 versus 4.4 clinic visits (p<0.001), follow-up 3.5 versus 9.4 months (p<0.001).Orthopedic surgeon charges were $1500 for casted patients versus $5500 for imn (p<0.001).Total hospital charges were $19,200 for cast versus $59,700 for imn (p<0.001).No difference was found between clinic charges or number of radiographs between groups.In total, 76% of cast group were discharged <24 hours from admission versus 8.6% in operative group.In the operative group, 83% had implant removal with no statistically significant charge difference between those who had implant removal versus retention.Conclusions treatment of pediatric femur fractures in 3- to 6-year-olds with imn is associated with longer hospital stays, significantly greater hospital charges, longer follow-up and more clinic visits compared with spica casting.These findings are at odds with previous literature showing shorter hospital stays and decreased cost with nailing compared to traction and casting.This shows a clear difference between 2 treatments that yield similar clinical and radiographic outcomes.Level of evidence level iii-retrospective comparative study.

Journal: Journal of pediatric orthopedics (2019)
Publication types: Journal Article
How suitable are satellite rainfall estimates in simulating high flows and actual evapotranspiration in MelkaKunitre catchment, Upper Awash Basin, Ethiopia?

Understanding the suitability of satellite rainfall estimates (sres) in simulating high flows and actual evapotranspiration (aet) is crucial for developing flood monitoring systems.Therefore, this study aims to assess i) the suitability of sres in simulating both high flows and aet for different levels of model complexity, and ii) the effect of streamflow calibration on simulating aet for different rainfall inputs in melkakunitre catchment, upper awash basin, ethiopia.Three state-of-the-art sres (trmm 3b42v7, imerg v06b, and tamsat v3) were used and their usefulness in simulating high flows (q5), daily streamflow, and wet season flows (from june to september) was assessed using the hbv-light model for the period 2003-2015.The model was set up for two levels of complexity: with and without considering the effect of orography on rainfall and temperature.Moreover, the water balance derived aet was compared against three remotely sensed aet products, mod 16a2, gleam v3, and ssebob, so as to examine the effect of streamflow calibration on aet simulation.Results show that rainfall inputs and model complexity have a strong impact on simulating streamflow and aet.For all rainfall forcing datasets, the performance of the hydrological model improves when we consider the effects of orography on rainfall and temperature.The imerg v06b and tamsat v3 products showed the highest and least performances in simulating all the three flow conditions, respectively.Moreover, the modis-aet is the best remotely sensed aet product in reproducing the water balance-derived aet for all rainfall inputs except tamsat v3.The hbv-light model parameters calibrated with streamflow provided better results for simulating aet as well.On average, the usefulness of the imerg v06b product for simulating high flows and aet is outstanding and can be thus used for developing flood monitoring and management systems in the study catchment.

Journal: The Science of the total environment (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
Current trends in PLGA based long-acting injectable products: The industry perspective.

Introduction poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (plga) has been used in many long-acting drug formulations, which have been approved by the us food and drug administration (fda).Plga has unique physicochemical properties, which results in complexities in the formulation, characterization, and evaluation of generic products.To address the challenges of generic development of plga-based products, the fda has established an extensive research program to investigate novel methods and tools to aid product development and regulatory review.Areas covered this review article intends to provide a comprehensive review on physicochemical properties of plga polymer, characterization, formulation, analytical aspects, manufacturing conditions on product performance, in-vitro release testing, and bioequivalence.Current research on formulation development was done as per qb d in vitro release testing methods, regulatory research outcomes, and bioequivalence.Expert opinion the development of plga-based long-acting injectables is promising and challenging when considering the numerous interrelated delivery-related factors.Achieving a successful formulation requires a thorough understanding of the critical interactions between polymer/drug properties, release profiles over time, up-to-date knowledge on regulatory guidance, and elucidation of the impact of multiple in vivo conditions to methodically evaluate the eventual clinical efficacy.

Journal: Expert opinion on drug delivery (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article;Review
Loss of the abasic site sensor HMCES is synthetic lethal with the activity of the APOBEC3A cytosine deaminase in cancer cells.

Analysis of cancer mutagenic signatures provides information about the origin of mutations and can inform the use of clinical therapies, including immunotherapy.In particular, apobec3a (a3a) has emerged as a major driver of mutagenesis in cancer cells, and its expression results in dna damage and susceptibility to treatment with inhibitors of the atr and chk1 checkpoint kinases.Here, we report the implementation of crispr/cas-9 genetic screening to identify susceptibilities of multiple a3a-expressing lung adenocarcinoma (luad) cell lines.We identify hmces, a protein recently linked to the protection of abasic sites, as a central protein for the tolerance of a3a expression.Hmces depletion results in synthetic lethality with a3a expression preferentially in a tp53-mutant background.Analysis of previous screening data reveals a strong association between a3a mutational signatures and sensitivity to hmces loss and indicates that hmces is specialized in protecting against a narrow spectrum of dna damaging agents in addition to a3a.We experimentally show that both hmces disruption and a3a expression increase susceptibility of cancer cells to ionizing radiation (ir), oxidative stress, and atr inhibition, strategies that are often applied in tumor therapies.Overall, our results suggest that hmces is an attractive target for selective treatment of a3a-expressing tumors.

Journal: PLoS biology (2021)
Publication types: Journal Article;Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MicroRNA-454-3p inhibits cell proliferation and invasion in esophageal cancer by targeting insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA-binding protein 1.

Esophageal cancer (esca) is the eighth most common cause of cancer-associated mortality in humans.An increasing number of studies have demonstrated that micro rnas (mi rs) serve important roles in mediating tumor initiation and progression.Mi r-454-3p has been found to be involved in the development of various human malignancies; however, little is known about the role of mi r-454-3p in esophageal cancer.In the present study, the protein and gene expression levels of mi r-454-3p in esca tissues and cells were downregulated compared with adjacent normal tissues and normal human esophageal epithelial cells.Additionally, mi r-454-3p downregulation resulted in improved survival rates in patients with esca, and mi r-454-3p overexpression significantly suppressed cell proliferation, migration and invasion and promoted apoptosis in four esca cell lines (ec9706, eca109, te-1 and te-8).It was found that mi r-454-3p overexpression inhibited the expression of insulin-like growth factor 2 m rna-binding protein 1 (igf2bp1) at the protein and m rna expression levels.Furthermore, it was demonstrated that mi r-454-3p inhibited esca cell proliferation, migration and apoptosis by targeting igf2bp1 via the erk and akt signaling pathways in a subcutaneous xenograft tumor mouse model.These results showed that mi r-454-3p functioned as an important tumor suppressor in esca by targeting igfbp1.Therefore, mi r-454-3p may be a novel prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for patients with esca.

Journal: Oncology letters (2020)
Publication types: Journal Article