syedzayyan/paper_mill_benchmark huggingface dataset:
Hormonal Treatment of Transgender Women with Oral Estradiol.

Maintaining cross-sex hormone levels in the normal physiologic range for the desired gender is the cornerstone of transgender hormonal therapy, but there are limited data on how to achieve this.We investigated the effectiveness of oral estradiol therapy in achieving this goal.methods:we analyzed data on all transgender females seen in our clinic since 2008 treated with oral estradiol.We looked at the success of achieving serum levels of testosterone and 17-β estradiol in the normal range on various doses of estradiol (with and without antiandrogens spironolactone and finasteride).results:there was a positive correlation between estradiol dose and 17-β estradiol, but testosterone suppression was less well correlated.Over 70% achieved treatment goals (adequate 17-β estradiol levels and testosterone suppression) on 4 mg daily or more.Nearly a third of patients did not achieve adequate treatment goals on 6 or even 8 mg daily of estradiol.Spironolactone, but not finasteride, use was associated with impairment of obtaining desired 17-β estradiol levels.Spironolactone did not enhance testosterone suppression, and finasteride was associated with higher testosterone levels.conclusions:oral estradiol was effective in achieving desired serum levels of 17-β estradiol, but there was wide individual variability in the amount required.Oral estradiol alone was not infrequently unable to achieve adequate testosterone suppression.Spironolactone did not aid testosterone suppression and seemed to impair achievement of goal serum 17-β estradiol levels.Testosterone levels were higher with finasteride use.We recommend that transgender women receiving estradiol therapy have hormone levels monitored so that therapy can be individualized.

Journal: Transgender health (2018)
Publication types: Journal Article
High genetic diversity and lack of pronounced population structure in five species of sympatric Pacific eels.

Understanding the population structure of tropical anguillids residing in the pacific is vital for their conservation management.Here, the population genetic structure of five sympatric freshwater eels (anguilla marmorata quoy & gaimard,a.Megastoma kaup,a.Obscura steindachner,a.Reinhardtii günther and a.Australis richardson) across 11 western south pacific (wsp) islands was investigated based on partial nucleotide sequences of the mt dna control region and the nuclear gth2b genes of 288 newly collected samples jointly with existing sequences.Wsp anguillids are characterised by overall high levels of genetic diversity.Both mt dna and nuclear sequences provided no evidence for distinct geographic clines or barriers in any of the species across the wsp.The occurrence of admixed individuals between a.Marmorataand a.Megastomawas confirmed, and a new possible occurrence of a further species was revealed (a.Interioris whitley on bougainville island).All species showed evidence for demographic population growth in the pleistocene, and a subsequent population reduction for a.Megastoma.Common spawning grounds and mixing of larvae by ocean currents could promote the lack of pronounced isolation by distance, a finding that has significant implications for the future management of anguillids in the area.

Journal: Fisheries management and ecology (2019)
Publication types: Journal Article
Draft genome sequence of the anatoxin-a producing cyanobacteriumTychonema bourrellyiB0820 isolated from the epilimnion of the deep Alpine Lake Garda.

We report the draft genome sequence of strain b0820 of the cyanobacterium tychonema bourrellyiisolated from the epilimnion of lake garda and assembled from a metagenome of a non-axenic culture.The strain analyzed was shown to produce anatoxin-a, a potent neurotoxin that can cause fatal intoxication in exposed organisms.

Journal: Microbiology resource announcements (2023)
Publication types: Journal Article
Home Noninvasive Ventilation in Pediatric Subjects With Neuromuscular Diseases: One Size Fits All.

Home noninvasive ventilation (niv) improves disease courses of patients with respiratory insufficiency due to neuromuscular diseases.Data about appropriate ventilator settings for pediatric patients are missing.Methods in this retrospective study, ventilator settings of 128 subjects with neuromuscular disease aged 0-17 y with niv were compared between 4 age groups (< 1 y, 0-5 y, 6-11 y, and 12-17 y).Additionally, correlations of ventilator settings with age and vital capacity were investigated in an ungrouped approach.Results ventilator backup rate decreased significantly with age, leading to significant backup rate differences between all groups except the oldest two.Median (interquartile range) backup rates were 36 (11.5), 24 (4), 20 (4), and 20 (3) breaths/min in groups 1-4, respectively.Median [iqr] expiratory positive airway pressures (4 [0.5], 4 [0], 4 [0], 4 [1] cm h2o, respectively) and median [iqr] inspiratory positive airway pressures (12 [1.5], 12 [5], 12 [2.3], and 14 [4] cm h2o, respectively) showed no significant differences.However, correlation analyses indicated an increase of inspiratory positive airway pressure with age and decreasing fvc, as well as an increase of backup rates with decreasing fvc.Conclusions similar niv settings fit all age groups of pediatric subjects with neuromuscular disease.Thus, we propose an expiratory positive airway pressure of 4-5 cm h2o, an inspiratory pressure delta of 8-10 cm h2o, and an age-oriented backup rate as a starting point for niv titration.Patients with advanced disease stages might require slightly higher inspiratory positive airway pressures and backup rates.

Journal: Respiratory care (2021)
Publication types: Journal Article
Evolution of extravascular implantable defibrillator technologies.

The implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (icd) has been successfully treating patients with lethal ventricular arrhythmias for decades.The main acute and chronic complications of this therapy modality are related to the use of a transvenous lead.An entirely extravascular icd concept was developed over the last 20 years, with emergence of the subcutaneous icd (s-icd).This device was approved for clinical use seven years ago, and accumulating real-life experience confirms its safety and efficacy.The main limitations related to this system include the lack of pacing capabilities for bradycardia, tachycardia or resynchronization therapy, a large size, and relatively high energy requirements for effective defibrillation.This review article summarizes current knowledge and potential future developments of the extravascular icd technologies.

Journal: Progress in cardiovascular diseases (2019)
Publication types: Journal Article;Review
Adult-Onset Still's Disease-like Syndrome following COVID-19 Vaccination: A Case Report and Review of the Literature.

Adult-onset still's disease (aosd)-like syndrome has rarely been reported as a complication of covid-19 vaccination.This study reports a 31-year-old female patient who presented with fever, myalgia, arthralgia, pleuropericarditis, leukocytosis, and transaminitis following ch ad ox1 vaccination, and met yamaguchi's criteria.A pub med literature search, performed up until march 2022, identified 10 such cases.A total of 11 cases, including the one in this report, developed aosd-like syndrome after administration of the viral vector (ch ad ox1) vaccine (six patients) and m rna vaccine (five patients: bnt162b2 in four and m rna-1273 in one).There were four male and seven female patients, with their median (q1, q3) age and the onset of symptoms after vaccination being 36 years (29, 45) and 10 days (6, 13), respectively.Fever (100%), arthralgia/arthritis (90.9%), skin rashes (81.8%), and sore throat (81.8%) were the main clinical findings.Pericarditis (45.5%), myocarditis/cardiac dysfunction (36.4%), pleuritis (54.6%), and pulmonary infiltrations (36.4%) were also common.One patient developed macrophage activation syndrome.One patient responded well to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and the other six showed a good response to high-dose corticosteroids alone.Of the remaining four patients, who showed partial responses to high dose corticosteroids, showed good responses to biological agents.Aosd-like syndrome following covid-19 vaccination shared many similar clinical features and treatment outcomes to those of idiopathic aosd (but with a higher prevalence of cardiopulmonary involvement in the former).Physicians should be aware of this extremely rare complication to achieve early diagnosis and provide proper management.

Journal: Vaccines (2022)
Publication types: Case Reports;Journal Article
The Effect of Test Method on Visual Acuity in School Children Aged 4-5.

This study compared two different methods of testing visual acuity (va) in children aged 4-5 years (the uk's school vision screening target age).A conventional vision test method was compared to a reversed presentation order of log mar, where letters are presented in ascending size order up to vision threshold.Threshold va, test duration and concentration were compared, to assess the most accurate and efficient method of va testing in this age group, to determine the most clinically and cost-effective method for vision screening.Methods thirty-four participants completed the study (15 males, 19 females, age range 53-65 months, mean age 59 months' ±3.7 months).Va was measured in log mar.Keeler crowded log mar screening plates determined the starting line on the vision chart to ensure the initial optotype size was either seen or not seen for the conventional and reversed test methods respectively.Test duration was measured in seconds and a concentration score was given by the examiner.Results the median va was 0.17 log mar for each test method.There was no significant difference in the va outcomes between each test method (p = 0.46).The reversed method was significantly quicker to complete, with a median reduction in test duration of 28 seconds (p = 0.002).There was no difference in concentration levels between the test methods.Conclusion both test methods gave the same va threshold, and are therefore comparable.The reversed method was significantly quicker to complete which could benefit school vision screening services and busy clinical contexts.

Journal: The British and Irish orthoptic journal (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
Harvesting Electricity from Atmospheric Moisture by Engineering an Organic Acid Gradient in Paper.

Moisture-activated electric generators (megs) that harvest clean energy from atmospheric humidity offer exciting opportunities for upgraded energy conversions.However, it is challenging to obtain megs that are both easy to fabricate and of high output power, due to the requirement for particular functional materials and the cumbersome manufacturing process.Herein, a simple and general method is adopted to prepare megs with chemically gradient structures.As a specific example, a gradient distribution of citric acid was successfully constructed inside an a4 printer paper by asymmetric drying, which can generate a continuous voltage of tens of millivolts by ambient humidity, and even to volts (275 m v and 7.6 μa cm-2) under asymmetric humidity stimulation, and the maximum power density output was 2.1 μw cm-2.The driving force behind this energy conversion is a self-maintained ionic gradient created within the paper by the asymmetric ionization of gradient organic acids when exposed to gradient or nongradient humid air.This work broadens the class of materials and possibilities for the rapid development of megs, shedding new light on the revolution of generators that harvest green and sustainable energy for power generation.

Journal: ACS applied materials & interfaces (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
Comparable long-term survival of patients with colorectal or gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumors treated with endoscopic vs. surgical resection.

And aims with the development of endoscopic technology, endoscopic treatment has been widely used in gastrointestinal stromal tumors (gists).However, population-based studies comparing the long-term results of patients who received endoscopic treatment vs.Surgery are lacking.We used the surveillance, epidemiology, and end results (seer) database to analyze the long-term survival of colorectal or gastric gists who underwent primary tumor resection (endoscopic therapy or surgery) in the usa.Methods patients with colorectal or gastric gists were selected from the seer database between 2010 and 2015.Kaplan-meier analyses and log-rank tests were used to evaluate the difference in the long-term survival between the endoscopic therapy group and the surgery group.We examined the association between different treatments and survival after using the multivariate cox proportional hazards model to adjust the relevant covariates.Besides, we used propensity score matching (psm) to overcome the different distributions of covariates between the two groups and then further compare the survival difference.Results in total, 2355 patients were enrolled in our study, of which 1999 (84.9%) received surgical treatment and 356 (15.1%) received endoscopic treatment.There was no significant difference in overall survival (os) between the two groups before psm.The median os (73.5 months vs.72.2 months) and 5-year os rate (85.7% vs.81.5%) of endoscopic therapy were similar to surgical patients (p = 0.34).The median cancer-specific survival (css) and 5-year css rate in the endoscopic treatment group were higher than the surgical group before psm, with 81.3 months, 97.1% versus 78.8 months, 92.7% (p = 0.011).After adjusting for other clinical factors and psm, the long-term os and css did not significantly differ between those treated surgically and treated endoscopically.Conclusion based on the american population, we preliminarily found that the long-term os and css did not differ between patients undergoing endoscopic therapy and surgery.

Journal: Surgical endoscopy (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
Eurycoma longifolia(Jack) Improves Serum Total Testosterone in Men: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Clinical Trials.

And objectives: male hypogonadism is a clinical disorder characterized by reduced serum testosterone in men.Although treatment using herbal medicines, including eurycoma longifolia,has been investigated, the benefits remain unclear.This study aims to investigate the efficacy of e.Longifoliaas a sole intervention to increase testosterone levels in males.materials and methods: we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials (rcts) according to the prisma guidelines.Relevant articles were retrieved from the databases pub med, scopus, web of science, cochrane, ovid/embase, and google scholar.results:after literature screening, a total of nine studies was included in the systematic review.Five rcts were included in the meta-analysis.A significant improvement in total testosterone levels after e.Longifoliatreatment was mostly reported in both healthy volunteers and hypogonadal men.The random model effect revealed a significant increase (smd = 1.352, 95% ci 0.565 to 2.138,p= 0.001) in the total testosterone levels in men receiving e.Longifoliasupplementation, which was confirmed in the hypogonadism subgroup.conclusions: this systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature supports the possible use of e.Longifoliasupplementation for enhancing testosterone production.Although more research is required before its use in clinical practice, this may represent a safe and promising therapeutic option, particularly in hypogonadal men.

Journal: Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) (2022)
Publication types: Systematic Review;Review;Journal Article
Study on Corrosion Mechanism of Different Concentrations of Na2SO4Solution on Early-Age Cast-In-Situ Concrete.

The deterioration of early-age concrete performance caused by so42-internal diffusion in concrete is a critical factor of concrete durability.In this study, the mechanical properties, heat of hydration, and pore structure of early-age cast-in-situ concrete with different sodium sulfate (na2so4) concentrations were studied.The mechanism of so42-internal corrosion was evaluated by measuring the dynamic elastic modulus, compressive strength, and heat of hydration rate.Scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, x-ray computed tomography, x-ray diffraction, thermogravimetry-derivative thermogravimetry, and differential scanning calorimetry were applied to analyze microstructural variations and complex mineral assemblages of concrete samples.The results indicated that during the hardening process of cast-in-situ concrete, na2so4first promoted and then hindered the hydration rate of cement, and also hindered the early strength development of the cement.As the concentration of na2so4solution increases, the corrosion products of ettringite (aft) and gypsum (gyp) gradually increase, causing cross cracks in the concrete.The proportion of small and medium pores first increases and then decreases, and the large pores first decrease and then increase.The mechanical properties of concrete gradually decrease and diminish the mechanical properties of the concrete (thereby accelerating the damage to the concrete).

Journal: Materials (Basel, Switzerland) (2021)
Publication types: Journal Article
Molecular cloning, and optimized production and characterization of recombinant cyclodextrin glucanotransferase fromBacillussp. T1.

Cyclodextrin glucosyltransferase (cgtase) is an enzyme which degrades starch to produce cyclodextrins (cds).In this study, the β-cgtase producing strain t1 was identified as bacillussp.By its morphological characteristics and 16s r dna sequence analysis.Thecgt-t1 gene was cloned and expressed in escherichiacoli.Cgtase-t1 was purified by ni-nitrilotriacetic acid agarose column and the molecular weight was determined as approximately 75 k da using sds-page analysis.For the expression of soluble proteins, the optimal induction conditions were 10 h at 25 °c with od600at 0.8.The purified cgtase-t1 exhibited maximum activity with an optimal p h and temperature of 6.0 and 65 °c.The enzyme was stable in a p h range of 7.0-10.0, retaining over 85% relative activity for 1 h.Cgtase-t1 activity can be significantly enhanced by adding 1 m m ba2+.Using a soluble starch substrate, the kinetic parameters were revealed with kmandkcat/kmvalues of 2.75 mg m l-1and 1253.97 s-1m l mg-1, respectively.Additionally, the four enzyme activities of cgtase-t1 were determined.The highest conversion rate to cds (40.9%) was achieved from soluble starch after 8 h of enzyme reaction, where mainly β-cd was produced (79.1% of the total cds yield), indicating that cgtase-t1 potentially has industrial application prospect.Supplementary information the online version contains supplementary material available at .

Journal: 3 Biotech (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
Evaluating group-sequential non-inferiority clinical trials following interim stopping: The HIV Prevention Trials Network 083 trial.

The hiv prevention trials network 083 trial was a group-sequential non-inferiority trial designed to compare hiv incidence under a novel experimental regimen for hiv prevention, long-acting injectable cabotegravir, with an active-control regimen of daily oral tenofovir disoproxil fumarate/emtricitabine (brand name truvada).In march of 2020, just as the trial had completed enrollment, the covid-19 pandemic threatened to prevent trial participants from attending study visits and obtaining study medication, motivating the study team to update the interim monitoring plan.The data and safety monitoring board subsequently stopped the trial at the first interim review due to strong early evidence of efficacy.Methods here we describe some unique aspects of the trial's design, monitoring, analysis, and interpretation.We illustrate the importance of computing point estimates, confidence intervals, and p values based on the sampling distribution induced by sequential monitoring.Results accurate analysis, decision-making and interpretation of trial results rely on pre-specification of a stopping boundary, including the scale on which the stopping rule will be implemented, the specific test statistics to be calculated, and how the boundary will be adjusted if the available information fraction at interim review is different from planned.After appropriate adjustment for the sampling distribution and overrun, the hiv prevention trials network 083 trial provided strong evidence that the experimental regimen was superior to the active control.Conclusions for the hiv prevention trials network 083 trial, the difference between corrected inferential statistics and naive results was quite small-as will often be the case-nevertheless, it is appropriate to report and publish the most accurate and unbiased statistical results.

Journal: Clinical trials (London, England) (2022)
Publication types: Clinical Trial;Journal Article;Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Type of measurement used influences central and peripheral contributions to quadriceps weakness after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction.

The relative contribution of muscle size and voluntary activation (va) on quadriceps strength after anterior cruciate ligament (acl) reconstruction remains inconclusive.Here, we aimed to determine the contributions of muscle size and va on quadriceps strength in acl-reconstructed patients and determine if contributions were similar if unilateral outcomes (i.e.Acl-reconstructed limb) or the lsi was used.Design a cross-sectional study.Setting a university research laboratory.Participants sixteen individuals 6-12 months after acl reconstruction (age: 22.3 ± 6.0yr, height: 1.7 ± 0.1 m, mass: 68.7 ± 11.5 kg) were recruited.Main outcome measures quadriceps isometric strength and va, via the interpolated triplet technique, were assessed bilaterally.Ultrasound images were acquired of the vastus lateralis to calculate cross-sectional area (csa) in both legs.Lsi's were computed for all variables by expressing values of the reconstructed leg as a percent of the non-reconstructed leg.Separate stepwise linear regressions were performed to examine the contribution of va and csa on quadriceps strength.Model 1 used lsi for all outcomes and model 2 used outcomes from the reconstructed leg.Results we observed between limb deficits of 27.78% in quadriceps strength, 13.61% in vastus lateralis csa, and 13.18% in va (p < 0.05).Strength lsi was significantly predicted by va lsi (r2= 0.45, p < 0.01), but not by csa lsi (r2= 0.01, p =0.87).Reconstructed leg strength was significantly predicted by vl csa (r2= 0.50, p < 0.01) but not quadriceps va (r2= 0.08, p =0.11).Conclusions the contributions of va and csa on quadriceps pt differed greatly if lsi or reconstructed leg outcomes were used.Evaluation of va and csa in unison may be provide a more holistic understanding of the sources of muscle weakness after acl reconstruction.

Journal: Physical therapy in sport : official journal of the Association of Chartered Physiotherapists in Sports Medicine (2020)
Publication types: Journal Article