syedzayyan/paper_mill_benchmark huggingface dataset:
Neuroeconomic predictors of smoking cessation outcomes: A preliminary study of delay discounting in treatment-seeking adult smokers.

Large proportions of smokers are unsuccessful in evidence-based smoking cessation treatment and identifying prognostic predictors may inform improvements in treatment.Steep discounting of delayed rewards (delay discounting) is a robust predictor of poor smoking cessation outcome, but the underlying neural predictors have not been investigated.Forty-one treatment-seeking adult smokers completed a functional magnetic resonance imaging (f mri) delay discounting paradigm prior to initiating a 9-week smoking cessation treatment protocol.Behavioral performance significantly predicted treatment outcomes (verified 7-day abstinence, n = 18; relapse, n = 23).Participants in the relapse group exhibited smaller area under the curve (d = 1.10) and smaller auc was correlated with fewer days to smoking relapse (r = 0.56, p < 0.001) neural correlates of discounting included medial and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, posterior cingulate, precuneus and anterior insula, and interactions between choice type and relapse status were present for the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, precuneus and the striatum.This initial investigation implicates differential neural activity in regions associated with frontal executive and default mode activity, as well as motivational circuits.Larger samples are needed to improve the resolution in identifying the neural underpinnings linking steep delay discounting to smoking cessation.

Journal: Psychiatry research. Neuroimaging (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article;Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
The protective role of work self-efficacy on wellbeing during COVID-19 pandemic: Results from a longitudinal year-long study.

In this study, we focused on four work self-efficacy dimensions and their relationship with wellbeing during the covid-19 pandemic.We adopted a person-centered approach and investigated whether individuals with different work self-efficacy profiles would have different wellbeing experiences at 6 and 12 months from the beginning of the pandemic.Data were collected in the uk across three waves (january 2020, october 2020 and january 2021) on a sample of 393 full-time employees.Results showed that being in two at-risk profiles significantly increases the likelihood of experiencing lower wellbeing during the pandemic.In particular, the probability of belonging to the profile 3 "low self-efficacy but high empathic" significantly increased the risk of lower wellbeing in the shorter and longer timeframe.In addition, the probability of belonging to the profile 2 "high assertive and task self-efficacy but low emotional" also significantly increased the risk of lower wellbeing in the longer timeframe.

Journal: Personality and individual differences (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
An asymmetric acetate-Mannich reaction of chiral isatin derived ketimines and its applications.

A highly efficient tmsotf-mediated asymmetric acetate-mannich reaction of isatin derived tert-butylsulfinyl ketimines and s-phenyl thioacetate was developed to afford the direct synthesis of indole-based β3,3-amino acid thioester with excellent selectivity (dr > 98 : 2).Syntheses of (+)-ag-041r and 3-aminopyrroloindoline have been accomplished utilizing the developed method.

Journal: Organic & biomolecular chemistry (2017)
Publication types: Journal Article
"Such conversations are not had in the families": a qualitative study of the determinants of young adolescents' access to sexual and reproductive health and rights information in Rwanda.

Access to sexual and reproductive health and rights (srhr) information during adolescence has become a global concern.This study explored factors that enable or prevent young adolescents from accessing to srhr information from the perspective of the key informants in rwanda.Methods we conducted a qualitative study using semi-structured interviews with 16 purposively selected key informants from public and private institutions in rwanda.This selection was based on their positions and expertise in delivering srhr information to adolescents.The interview guide questions were designed based on the social-ecological theoretical framework of adolescent health.The interview transcripts were recorded, transcribed, translated and thematically analysed in nvivo 11.Results the study reflected that multiple enablers and barriers at the individual, relationship, community and societal levels determined young adolescents' access to srhr information.These determinants include information-seeking behaviour and age of starting sexuality education at the individual level; and parents' limited communication with young adolescents due to taboos, lack of skills, limited parental availability, beliefs, lack of appropriate language and peer norms at the relationships level.Enablers and barriers at the community level were the diversity of srhr sources, the scope of sexuality education programmes, and cultural and religious beliefs.Finally, the perceived enablers and barriers at the societal level consisted of inadequate resources, inappropriate srhr policy-making processes and unfriendly srhr laws.Conclusion enabling access to srhr information requires addressing multiple factors within the social-ecological environment of young adolescents.Addressing these factors may facilitate improved access to srhr information for this age group.

Journal: BMC public health (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Neonatal resuscitation monitoring: A low-cost video recording setup for quality improvement in the delivery room at the resuscitation table.

The quality of neonatal resuscitation after delivery needs to be improved to reach the sustainable development goals 3.2 (reducing neonatal deaths to <12/1,000 live newborns) by the year 2030.Studies have emphasized the importance of correctly performing the basic steps of resuscitation including stimulation, heart rate assessment, ventilation, and thermal control.Recordings with video cameras have previously been shown to be one way to identify performance practices during neonatal resuscitation.Methods a description of a low-cost delivery room set up for video recording of neonatal resuscitation.The technical setup includes rechargeable high-definition cameras with two-way audio, neo beat heart rate monitors, and the neo tap as data collection tools for i pad with direct data export of data for statistical analysis.The setup was field tested at mulago national referral hospital, kampala, uganda, and phu san hanoi hospital, hanoi, vietnam.Results the setup provided highly detailed resuscitation video footage including data on procedures and team performance, heart rate monitoring, and clinical assessment of the neonate.The data were analyzed with the free-of-charge neo tap as for i pad, which allowed fast and accurate registration of all resuscitative events.All events were automatically registered and exported to r statistical software for further analysis.Conclusions video analysis of neonatal resuscitation is an emerging quality assurance tool with the potential to improve neonatal resuscitation outcomes.Our methodology and technical setup are well adapted for low- and lower-middle-income countries settings where improving neonatal resuscitation outcomes is crucial.This delivery room video recording setup also included two-way audio communication that potentially could be implemented in day-to-day practice or used with remote teleconsultants.

Journal: Frontiers in pediatrics (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
Therapeutic drug monitoring of phenytoin and valproic acid in critically ill patients at Windhoek Central Hospital, Namibia.

Phenytoin and valproic acid, anticonvulsants, have a low therapeutic index and are highly plasma protein bound, mainly to albumin.Hypoalbuminaemia is common in critically ill patients and increases the unbound drug concentration.Thus, monitoring unbound rather than total plasma drug concentrations is recommended to optimise the dosing of these drugs.Objective this retrospective study determined unbound plasma concentrations of phenytoin and valproic as a more accurate value of drug levels than total plasma drug concentrations.Methods total plasma concentrations were retrieved for 56 intensive care unit patients for phenytoin and 93 for valproic acid.Total drug concentrations were converted to unbound concentrations using a serum albumin-based normalising equation.Results total phenytoin plasma concentration was below (41.1% of patients), within (46.4%) or above (12.5%) the therapeutic range (10 μg/m l - 20 μg/m l).However, the predicted unbound plasma concentration of phenytoin was above the therapeutic range (1 μg/m l - 2 μg/m l) in the majority of patients (57.1%).For valproic acid, the total plasma concentration of most patients (87.1%) was below the therapeutic range (50 μg/m l - 100 μg/m l); among remaining patients (12.9%), it was within the therapeutic range.In the majority of patients (91.4%), the predicted unbound plasma concentration of valproic acid was between 2.5 μg/m l and 20 μg/m l.Conclusion the usefulness of monitoring the total phenytoin or valproic acid levels for dose optimisation is limited as it is an inaccurate indicator of a patient's drug therapeutic state.Thus, the unbound plasma drug concentrations should be quantified experimentally or predicted in resource-limited settings.

Journal: African journal of laboratory medicine (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
Household air pollution and caste-ethnic differences in undernutrition among children in Nepal.

This study investigated whether the association between household air pollution (hap) and nutritional status (stunting, underweight, or wasting) among children differ by caste/ethnicity.Child anthropometry data for 9,914 children aged 0-59 months were analyzed linearly as zscores and as dichotomous categories.Exposure to hap was significantly associated with a decrease in child height-for-age and child weight-for-age, as well as with stunting and underweight.Children in low caste (dalits) had higher prevalence of stunting (odds ratio [or] = 1.21; 95% confidence intervals [ci] = 1.01, 1.44), underweight (or = 1.47; 95% ci = 1.24, 1.75), and wasting (or = 1.53; 95% ci = 1.21, 1.92) than those children in upper caste group.This association was modestly attenuated with adjustment for hap.Exposure to hap partly explained the caste-ethnic difference in undernutrition among children in nepal.

Journal: Archives of environmental & occupational health (2020)
Publication types: Journal Article;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't;Video-Audio Media
Method of self-harm and risk of self-harm repetition: findings from a national self-harm registry.

Risk of self-harm repetition has consistently been shown to be higher following self-cutting compared to intentional drug overdose (ido) and other self-harm methods.The utility of previous evidence is limited due to the large heterogeneous method categories studied.This study examined risk of hospital presented self-harm repetition according to specific characteristics of self-harm methods.Methods data on consecutive self-harm presentations to hospital emergency departments (2010-2016) were obtained from the national self-harm registry ireland.Associations between self-harm method and repetition were analysed using survival analyses.Results overall, 65,690 self-harm presentations were made involving 46,661 individuals.Self-harm methods associated with increased repetition risk included minor self-cutting, severe self-cutting, multiple drug idos involving psychotropic drugs and self-harm by blunt object.Minor self-cutting was the method associated with highest repetition risk (adjusted hazard ratio (ahr) 1.38, 95% ci 1.31-1.45).Risk of repetition was comparable following idos of four or more drugs involving psychotropic drugs (ahr = 1.29, 95% ci 1.20-1.39), severe self-cutting (ahr 1.25, 95% ci 1.16-1.34) and blunt object (ahr = 1.23, 95% ci 1.07-1.42).Limitations information was not available on suicide or other causes of mortality.Conclusions self-harm method and the associated risk of repetition should form a core part of biopsychosocial assessments and should inform follow-up care for self-harm patients.The observed differences in repetition associated with specific characteristics of ido underline the importance of safety planning and monitoring prescribing for people who have engaged in ido.

Journal: Journal of affective disorders (2019)
Publication types: Journal Article;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Trigeminal ganglion and sensory nerves suggest tactile specialization of elephants.

Sensory nerves are information bottlenecks giving rise to distinct sensory worlds across animal species.1here, we investigate trigeminal ganglion2,3and sensory nerves4of elephants.The elephant trigeminal ganglion is very large.Its maxillary branch, which gives rise to the infraorbital nerve innervating the trunk, has a larger diameter than the animal's spinal cord, i.e., trunk innervation is more substantive than connections of the brain to the rest of the body.Hundreds of satellite cells surround each trigeminal neuron, an indication of exceptional glial support to these large projection neurons.5-7fiber counts of asian elephant infraorbital nerves of averaged 4,00,000 axons.The infraorbital nerve consists of axons that are ∼10 μm thick and it has a large diameter of 17 mm, roughly 3 times as thick as the optic and 6 times as thick as the vestibulocochlear nerve.In most mammals (including tactile specialists) optic nerve fibers8-10greatly outnumber infraorbital nerve fibers,11,12but in elephants the infraorbital nerve fiber count is only slightly lower than the optic nerve fiber count.Trunk innervation (nerves and ganglia) weighs ∼1.5 kg in elephant cows.Our findings characterize the elephant trigeminal ganglion as one of the largest known primary sensory structures and point to a high degree of tactile specialization in elephants.

Journal: Current biology : CB (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Experience with sotrovimab treatment of SARS-CoV-2-infected patients in Denmark.

S to evaluate the experience with use of sotrovimab following severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (sars-co v-2) infection in high-risk groups.Methods in a nationwide, population-based cohort study, we identified all individuals treated with sotrovimab (n = 2933) and stratified them by 4 high-risk groups: (a) malignant haematological disease, (b) solid organ transplantation, (c) anti-cd20 therapy ≤1 year and (d) other risks.Cox regression analysis was used to calculate hazard ratios for hospitalization, death and associated prognostic factors.Results of 2933 sotrovimab-treated individuals, 83% belonged to high-risk groups (37.6% haematological malignancy, 27.4% solid organ transplantation and 17.5% treatment with anti-cd20 ≤1 year).Only 17.8% had other risks (11.8% were pregnant, 10.7% primary immunodeficiency, 21.2% other malignancy, 4.3% received anti-cd20 >1 year and 52.0% other/unknown causes).Within 90 days of infusion, 30.2% were hospitalized and 5.3% died.The main prognostic factors were the predefined high-risk groups, mainly malignant haematological disease and age ≥65 years.Number of covid-19 vaccines (≥3) was associated with a decreased risk of hospitalization.The delta but not the omicron ba.2 variant was associated with a higher risk of death compared to the ba.1 variant.Conclusion more than 90% of the patients treated with sotrovimab belonged to the very high-risk groups as described in the danish guidelines.Sotrovimab-treated individuals remained at a high risk of hospitalization and death which was strongly associated with the underlying immunocompromised state and age.Having received >3 covid-19 vaccines was association with decreased risk of death and hospitalization.

Journal: British journal of clinical pharmacology (2023)
Publication types: Journal Article
Rituximab Administered for Recurrent Membranous Nephropathy in a Kidney Transplant Recipient Did Not Eliminate Donor-Specific Antibodies.

Chronic active antibody-mediated rejection is the leading cause of kidney transplant failure.Although various immunosuppressive agents have been tested, rituximab included, presently there is no effective treatment.There are reports about the beneficial role of certain immunosuppressive protocols that include rituximab to reduce donor-specific antibodies, the cause of chronic active antibody-mediated rejection.If an immunosuppressive agent reduces donor-specific antibodies, its administration before the occurrence of chronic active antibody-mediated rejection may be beneficial.We describe a case of a renaltransplantrecipient with recurrent membranous nephropathy and recent development of donor-specific antibodies but without histological evidence of active antibody-mediated rejection.The patient received 3 weekly doses of rituximab for recurrent membranous nephropathy, and complete remission was achieved.One year after, he has preserved an excellentrenal function without proteinuria.However, repeated measurements of donor-specific antibodies revealed that rituximab only modestly reduced donor-specific antibodies.Donor-specific antibody levels remained considerably higher than the laboratory reference value.Thus,rituximab alone may not have a role to prevent chronic active antibody- mediated rejection in patients with donor-specific antibodies.

Journal: Experimental and clinical transplantation : official journal of the Middle East Society for Organ Transplantation (2022)
Publication types: Case Reports;Journal Article
Novel drug delivery of dual acting prodrugs of hydroxychloroquine with aryl acetic acid NSAIDs: Design, kinetics and pharmacological study.

Rheumatoid arthritis (ra) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by restricted movements of joints of hand, feet, elbow, knees and neck but principally the synovial joints.Though etiopathology is not exactly known, treatment paradigms are evolving to provide a tighter control over symptoms and disease progression.Current trend is introduction of disease modifying anti-rheumatoid drugs (dmards) at early stages.Hydroxychloroquine (hcq) and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (nsaids) are two mechanistically different categories widely used in the management of ra where the first arrests the disease progression while the latter offers symptomatic relief.Present work aims at minimizing problems of slow onset and accumulation of hcq in non-targeted sites and local gastric intolerance to nsaids by designing their mutual ester prodrugs.Synthesis of prodrugs was achieved by cdi coupling and structures were confirmed by ir,1h-nmr,13c-nmr, mass spectroscopy and elemental analysis.Prodrugs resisted hydrolysis in acidic environment of the stomach but exhibited significant release in small intestine.Upon oral administration of prodrugs to rats, 40.5-49% hcq and 53.4-66.8% of nsaids were recovered in 8.5-10 h in blood.Urine and feces samples pooled over a period of 24 h exhibited 2.3-3.5% and 0.75-0.9% of hcq, respectively, without any presence of intact prodrugs or nsaids.Prodrugs were pharmacologically evaluated for analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities using standard animal models.Among all, prodrugs of hcq with licofelone (hl) and aceclofenac (ha) produced superior analgesia, improved weight gain, normalization of joint diameter/paw volume than hcq and physical mixtures of hcq and nsaids.Hematological and biochemical studies indicated significant step up in rbc, hb, platelet count, total protein nutrient (tpn) levels and step down in wbc, serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (sgot) and serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (sgpt) by the treatment with hl and ha.Through these novel codrugs, problems of slow onset and accumulation of hcq in non-targeted sites and local gastric intolerance to nsaids were well addressed.These dual acting mutual prodrugs of two mechanistically different anti-arthritic agents could be explored further as promising strategy for effective management of ra.

Journal: Drug delivery and translational research (2017)
Publication types: Journal Article;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
The fine-tuning of mycorrhizal pathway in sorghum depends on both nitrogen-phosphorus availability and the identity of the fungal partner.

Sorghum is an important worldwide source of food, feed and fibres.Like most plants, it forms mutualistic symbioses with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (amf), but the nutritional basis of mycorrhiza-responsiveness is largely unknown.Here, we investigated the transcriptional and physiological responses of sorghum to two different amf species, rhizophagus irregularis and funneliformis mosseae, under 16 different conditions of nitrogen (n) and phosphorus (p) supply.Our experiment reveals fine-scale differences between two amf species in the nutritional interactions with sorghum plants.Physiological and gene expression patterns (ammonium transporters: amt; phosphate transporters: pht) indicate the existence of generalist or specialist mycorrhizal pathway.While r.Irregularis switched on the mycorrhizal pathway independently of the plant nutritional status, f.Mosseae influenced the mycorrhizal pathway depending on the n-to-p plant ratio and soil supply.The differences between both amf species suggest some amt and pht as ideal candidates to develop markers for improving efficiency of nutrient acquisition in sorghum under p and n limitation, and for the selection of plant genotypes.

Journal: Plant, cell & environment (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Phagocytosis and activation of bone marrow-derived macrophages by Plasmodium falciparum gametocytes.

The innate immune response against various life cycle stages of the malaria parasite plays an important role in protection against the disease and regulation of its severity.Phagocytosis of asexual erythrocytic stages is well documented, but little and contrasting results are available about phagocytic clearance of sexual stages, the gametocytes, which are responsible for the transmission of the parasites from humans to mosquitoes.Similarly, activation of host macrophages by gametocytes has not yet been carefully addressed.Methods phagocytosis of early or late plasmodium falciparum gametocytes was evaluated through methanol fixed cytospin preparations of immortalized mouse c57bl/6 bone marrow-derived macrophages treated for 2 h with p.Falciparum and stained with giemsa, and it was confirmed through a standardized bioluminescent method using the transgenic p.Falciparum 3d7elo1-pfs16-cbg99 strain.Activation was evaluated by measuring nitric oxide or cytokine levels in the supernatants of immortalized mouse c57bl/6 bone marrow-derived macrophages treated with early or late gametocytes.Results the results showed that murine bone marrow-derived macrophages can phagocytose both early and late gametocytes, but only the latter were able to induce the production of inflammatory mediators, specifically nitric oxide and the cytokines tumour necrosis factor and macrophage inflammatory protein 2.Conclusions these results support the hypothesis that developing gametocytes interact in different ways with innate immune cells of the host.Moreover, the present study proposes that early and late gametocytes act differently as targets for innate immune responses.

Journal: Malaria journal (2021)
Publication types: Journal Article