syedzayyan/paper_mill_benchmark huggingface dataset:
Effect of vitamin D supplementation on type 2 diabetes biomarkers: an umbrella of interventional meta-analyses.

Vitamin d supplementation exerts several supporting effects on improving glycemic status, however, results are inconclusive.Thus, in the present study, we aimed to conduct an umbrella of meta-analysis regarding the impact of vitamin d on type 2 diabetes (t2dm) biomarkers.Methods the scopus, pub med, web of science, embase, and google scholar online databases were searched up to march 2022.All meta-analyses evaluating the impact of vitamin d supplementation on t2dm biomarkers were considered eligible.Overall, 37 meta-analyses were included in this umbrella meta-analysis.Results our findings indicated that vitamin d supplementation significantly decreased fasting blood sugar (fbs) (wmd = - 3.08; 95% ci: - 3.97, - 2.19, p < 0.001, and smd = - 0.26; 95% ci: - 0.38, - 0.14, p < 0.001), hemoglobin a1c (hb a1c) (wmd = - 0.05; 95% ci: - 0.10, - 0.01, p = 0.016, and smd = - 0.16; 95% ci: - 0.27, - 0.05, p = 0.004), insulin concentrations (wmd = - 2.62; 95% ci: - 4.11, - 1.13; p < 0.001, and smd = - 0.33; 95% ci: - 0.56, - 0.11, p = 0.004), and homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (homa-ir) (wmd = - 0.67; 95% ci: - 1.01, - 0.32, p < 0.001, and smd = - 0.31; 95% ci: - 0.46, - 0.16, p < 0.001).Conclusion this umbrella meta-analysis proposed that vitamin d supplementation may improve t2dm biomarkers.

Journal: Diabetology & metabolic syndrome (2023)
Publication types: Journal Article;Review
Relationship between the target word form and children's productions: place of articulation in Consonant-Vowel-Consonant (C1VC2) words in American English.

The aim of the present study was to investigate relationships between characteristics of children's target words and their actual productions during the single-word period in american english.Word productions in spontaneous and functional speech from 18 children acquiring american english were analyzed.Consonant sequences in 3,328 consonant-vowel-consonant (c1vc2) target words were analyzed in terms of global place of articulation (labials, coronals, and dorsals).Children's actual productions of place sequences were compared between target words containing repeated place sequences (e.g.,mom, map, dad, not) and target words containing variegated place sequences (e.g.,mat, dog, cat, nap).Overall, when the target word contained two consonants at the same global place of articulation (e.g., labial-labial,map; coronal-coronal,not), approximately 50% of children's actual productions matched consonant place characteristics.Conversely, when the target word consisted of variegated place sequences (e.g.,mat, dog, cat, nap), only about 20% of the productions matched the target consonant sequences.These results suggest that children's actual productions are influenced by their own production abilities as well as by the phonetic forms of target words.

Journal: Phonetica (2021)
Publication types: Journal Article;Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Cerebrospinal fluid microRNAs as potential biomarkers in Alzheimer's disease.

Alzheimer's disease (ad) is the leading form of dementia worldwide, but its early detection and diagnosis remain a challenge.Micro rnas (mi rnas) are a group of small endogenous rna molecules that regulate m rna expression.Recent evidence suggests mi rnas play an important role in the five major hallmarks of ad pathophysiology: amyloidogenesis, tauopathy, neuroinflammation, synaptic dysfunction, and neuronal death.Compared to traditional biomarkers of ad, mi rnas display a greater degree of stability in cerebrospinal fluid.Moreover, aberrant changes in mi rna expression can be measured over time to monitor and guide patient treatment.Specific mi rna profiles and combinations may also be used to distinguish ad subjects from normal controls and other causes of dementia.Because of these properties, mi rnas are now being considered as promising and potential biomarkers of ad.This review comprehensively summarizes the diagnostic potential and regulatory roles mi rnas play in ad.

Journal: Frontiers in aging neuroscience (2023)
Publication types: Journal Article;Review
Middle Paleolithic complex technology and a Neandertal tar-backed tool from the Dutch North Sea.

We report the discovery of a 50,000-y-old birch tar-hafted flint tool found off the present-day coastline of the netherlands.The production of adhesives and multicomponent tools is considered complex technology and has a prominent place in discussions about the evolution of human behavior.This find provides evidence on the technological capabilities of neandertals and illuminates the currently debated conditions under which these technologies could be maintained.14c-accelerator mass spectrometry dating and the geological provenance of the artifact firmly associates it with a host of middle paleolithic stone tools and a neandertal fossil.The find was analyzed using pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, x-ray micro-computed tomography, and optical light microscopy.The object is a piece of birch tar, encompassing one-third of a flint flake.This find is from northwestern europe and complements a small set of well-dated and chemically identified adhesives from middle paleolithic/middle stone age contexts.Together with data from experiments and other middle paleolithic adhesives, it demonstrates that neandertals mastered complex adhesive production strategies and composite tool use at the northern edge of their range.Thus, a large population size is not a necessary condition for complex behavior and technology.The mitigation of ecological risk, as demonstrated by the challenging conditions during marine isotope stage 4 and 3, provides a better explanation for the transmission and maintenance of technological complexity.

Journal: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America (2019)
Publication types: Journal Article;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Bacterial Quorum-Quenching Lactonase Hydrolyzes Fungal Mycotoxin and Reduces Pathogenicity ofPenicillium expansum-Suggesting a Mechanism of Bacterial Antagonism.

Penicillium expansumis a necrotrophic wound fungal pathogen that secrets virulence factors to kill host cells including cell wall degrading enzymes (cwdes), proteases, and mycotoxins such as patulin.During the interaction between p.Expansumand its fruit host, these virulence factors are strictly modulated by intrinsic regulators and extrinsic environmental factors.In recent years, there has been a rapid increase in research on the molecular mechanisms of pathogenicity in p.Expansum; however, less is known regarding the bacteria-fungal communication in the fruit environment that may affect pathogenicity.Many bacterial species use quorum-sensing (qs), a population density-dependent regulatory mechanism, to modulate the secretion of quorum-sensing signaling molecules (qsms) as a method to control pathogenicity.N-acyl homoserine lactones (ahls) are gram-negative qsms.Therefore, qs is considered an antivirulence target, and enzymes degrading these qsms, named quorum-quenching enzymes, have potential antimicrobial properties.Here, we demonstrate that a bacterial ahl lactonase can also efficiently degrade a fungal mycotoxin.The mycotoxin is a lactone, patulin secreted by fungi such as p.Expansum.The bacterial lactonase hydrolyzed patulin at high catalytic efficiency, with akcatvalue of 0.724 ± 0.077 s-1and kmvalue of 116 ± 33.98 μm.The calculated specific activity (kcat/km) showed a value of 6.21 × 103s-1m-1.While the incubation of p.Expansumspores with the purified lactonase did not inhibit spore germination, it inhibited colonization by the pathogen in apples.Furthermore, adding the purified enzyme to p.Expansumculture before infecting apples resulted in reduced expression of genes involved in patulin biosynthesis and fungal cell wall biosynthesis.Some ahl-secreting bacteria also express ahl lactonase.Here, phylogenetic and structural analysis was used to identify putative lactonase in p.Expansum.Furthermore, following recombinant expression and purification of the newly identified fungal enzyme, its activity with patulin was verified.These results indicate a possible role for patulin and lactonases in inter-kingdom communication between fungi and bacteria involved in fungal colonization and antagonism and suggest that qq lactonases can be used as potential antifungal post-harvest treatment.

Journal: Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) (2021)
Publication types: Journal Article
Dendritic structured palladium complexes: magnetically retrievable, highly efficient heterogeneous nanocatalyst for Suzuki and Heck cross-coupling reactions.

The recyclable nanomagnetic pd-complex pamam g0-pd@γ-fe2o3is reported for catalytic c-c cross-coupling reactions of challenging substrates.Mainly, a great variety of aryl chlorides can be used as substrates for suzuki-miyaura and mizoroki-heck reactions under mild reaction conditions (60-90 °c) and low catalyst loading (<1 mol% pd) in aqueous media.The presence of numerous polar groups in the polymer matrix increases the solubility of the catalyst in water, thus facilitating its operation in aqueous environments.The immobilization of the catalyst on the surface of a magnetic platform allows its effective recovery and reuse without significant loss of catalytic activity for at least six cycles with total leaching of <1% palladium metal, meeting the requirements for acceptable metal residues in the pharmaceutical industry.

Journal: RSC advances (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
Cortical mediation of relationships between dopamine receptor D2 and cognition is absent in youth at risk of bipolar disorder.

Bipolar disorder is associated with cognitive deficits and cortical changes for which the developmental dynamics are not well understood.The dopamine d2 receptor (drd2) gene has been associated with both psychiatric disorders and cognitive variability.Here we examined the mediating role of brain structure in the relationship between drd2 genomic variation and cognitive performance, with target cortical regions selected based on evidence of association with drd2, bipolar disorder and/or cognition from prior literature.Participants (n = 143) were aged 12-30 years and comprised 62 first-degree relatives of bipolar patients (deemed 'at-risk'), 55 controls, and 26 patients with established bipolar disorder; all were unrelated caucasian individuals with complete data across the three required modalities (structural magnetic resonance imaging, neuropsychological and genetic data).A drd2 haplotype was derived from three functional polymorphisms (rs1800497, rs1076560, rs2283265) associated with alternative splicing (i.e., d2-short/-long isoforms).Moderated mediation analyses explored group differences in relationships between this drd2 haplotype, three structural brain networks which subsume the identified cortical regions of interest (frontoparietal, dorsal-attention, and ventral-attention), and three cognitive indices (intelligence, attention, and immediate memory).Controls who were homozygous for the drd2 major haplotype demonstrated greater cognitive performance as a result of dorsal-attention network mediation.However, this association was absent in the 'at-risk' group.This study provides the first evidence of a functional drd2-brain-cognition pathway.The absence of typical brain-cognition relationships in young 'at-risk' individuals may reflect biological differences that precede illness onset.Further insight into early pathogenic processes may facilitate targeted early interventions.

Journal: Psychiatry research. Neuroimaging (2021)
Publication types: Journal Article;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Simplified in vitro 3D co-culture-based blood-brain barrier model using transwell.

The blood-brain barrier (bbb) is a major hurdle for treatment of brain diseases.To overcome this, precise and reproducible bbb model is one of the key factors for successful evaluation of bbb-penetrating efficacy of developmental drugs.Thus, in vitro bbb model recapitulating the physiological structure of the bbb is a valuable tool for drug discovery and development for brain diseases.Here, we develop a simplified 3d co-culture-based bbb model using immortalized human brain endothelial cells and immortalized human astrocytes mixed with matrigel allowing model preparation within 30 min.We directly compare our 3d bbb model to a 2d bbb model comprised solely of immortalized brain endothelial cells, to demonstrate that our 3d bbb model blocks penetration of dextran molecules with various molecular weights, remain durable and impermeable even in a bbb-degrading condition, and rapidly form tight junctions while the 2d bbb model do not.In conclusion, this establishes our simplified 3d bbb model as a valuable tool for high throughput screening of drug candidates for brain diseases.

Journal: Biochemical and biophysical research communications (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on dental interns in Saudi Arabia.

The coronavirus disease (covid-19) has emerged as a global pandemic recognized by the world health organization.It has a significant impact on saudi arabia's educational process, resulting in several universities suspending on-campus teaching, exams, and training.Objective the study aimed to evaluate the effect of covid-19 on dental students' examination, internship placement, and subsequent impact on preparedness and confidence.Methods a cross-sectional study was conducted to gather data from dental interns in saudi arabia using a pre-tested online questionnaire.Convenient sampling was applied to collect data from 5th september to 15th september 2020.Data were analyzed using spss version 23.Descriptive data were presented as frequency and percentages.The chi-square test was used to evaluate the relationship between variables.Results data of 409 dental interns from 8 dental schools reported that 209 (51%) participants' exams were affected as the format was changed to online examination.130 (31.8%) dental interns strongly agreed that assistance in hospitals during the outbreak of covid-19 would complement their learning opportunities.Whereas 115(28.1%) respondents strongly agreed that dental schools' measures to modify their curriculum were necessary.the impact of covid-19 on dental intern preparedness discovered that the affected exams had a significant effect on final year students' readiness to begin the internship (p = 0.042).Considering students' confidence in starting the training earlier than expected, the student course had a statistically significant impact on their confidence (p = 0.002).Conclusion the current study demonstrates that covid-19 had disrupted dental interns' preparedness towards clinical rotation and decreased their confidence performing in the clinical setup.Due to being unprepared and having low confidence, most dental interns were not ready to start working in the hospital on time.

Journal: Work (Reading, Mass.) (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
Emotional modulation of cortical activity during gum chewing: A functional near-infrared spectroscopy study.

Distinct brain regions are known to be associated with various emotional states.Cortical activity may be modulated by emotional states that are triggered by flavors during food intake.We examined cortical activity during chewing with different flavors and assessed the emotional modulation of cortical activity using multichannel near-infrared spectroscopy.Thirty-six right-handed volunteers participated in this crossover trial.The participants experienced positive and negative emotions from chewing flavorful (palatable) or less flavorful (unpalatable) gums, respectively for 5 min.Participants rated the taste, odor, and deliciousness of each gum using a visual analog scale.Bilateral hemodynamic responses in the frontal and parietal lobes, bilateral masseter muscle activation, and heart rate were measured during gum chewing.Changes in all measured data during gum chewing were also evaluated.The ratings of the tastes and odors of each gum significantly differed among the participants (p< 0.001).Hemodynamic response changes were significantly elevated in the bilateral primary sensorimotor cortex during gum-chewing, in comparison to resting.The difference in hemodynamic responses between palatable and unpalatable gum conditions was detected in the left frontopolar/dorsolateral prefrontal cortex.Muscle activation and heart rate were not significantly different between different gum types.Our findings indicate that differential processing in the left prefrontal cortex might be responsible for the emotional states caused by palatable and unpalatable foods.

Journal: Frontiers in neuroscience (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
Diurnal variation of human tear meniscus volume measured with tear strip meniscometry self-examination.

Tear secretion is critical for maintenance of healthy ocular surface and vision.Most of normal subjects and dry eye patients feel worsening of ocular dryness in the afternoon, however, diurnal variation of tear meniscus volume has not been directly measured because there was no appropriate method.We used a simple, non-invasive technique, tear strip meniscometry (sm) by self-examination.Previous investigations indicated the values of sm correlated strongly with those of the schirmer test, tests of tear break up time, and tear meniscus height measurement by anterior optical coherence tomography.The purpose of this study was to capture diurnal variation of aqueous availability at the tear meniscus by measuring wetted length using sm through self-examination.Methods thirty-six medical personnel (mean age; 35.7 years) participated and sm self-examination was performed using a mirror seven times a day.The strip is applied for 5 seconds to the lateral side of the lower lid tear meniscus without touching the ocular surface.Results the measured sm value was the highest upon awakening (4.44 ± 3.14 mm) and gradually decreased in the evening; 3.81 ± 3.12 at 9:00, 3.31 ± 2.72* at 12:00, 2.89 ± 1.88* at 15:00, 2.92 ± 1.87* at 18:00, 2.78 ± 1.85* at 21:00, and 2.89 ± 1.75* at bedtime with statistical significance compared to the value upon awakening (*p < 0.05, dunnett's multiple comparison test).Proportion of number of subjects with low sm value (< 4 mm) to total number of subjects was 52.8% upon awakening and 83.3% at 21:00, and gradually increased toward evening.Conclusion our results could identify diurnal variation of tear meniscus volume in the general population.

Journal: PloS one (2019)
Publication types: Journal Article
Efficacy and safety of anlotinib combined with carboplatin and pemetrexed as first-line induction therapy followed by anlotinib plus pemetrexed as maintenance therapy inEGFR/ALKwild-type advanced non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer in China: a multicenter, single-arm trial.

The efficacy and safety of chemotherapy strategies combining the multi-target receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor in patients with advanced egfr/alkwild-type non-squamous non-small-cell lung cancer (nsq-nsclc) are undetermined.We aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of anlotinib combined with carboplatin/pemetrexed-based chemotherapy followed by maintenance therapy (anlotinib plus pemetrexed) in advanced egfr/alkwild-type nsq-nsclc.Methods eligible patients with wild-type egfr/alkadvanced nsq-nsclc who received first-line therapy in henan province from march 2019 to february 2021 were recruited.All patients were treated with anlotinib in combination with carboplatin/pemetrexed-based chemotherapy, followed by maintenance therapy (anlotinib plus pemetrexed).The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (pfs).The secondary endpoints included overall survival (os), disease control rate (dcr), objective response rate (orr), and adverse events (aes).Response and aes were assessed based on the response evaluation criteria in solid tumors (1.1) and national cancer institute - common terminology criteria for adverse events v.4.0.3, respectively.The follow-up interval for survival was 6 weeks and the safety follow-up was performed until the end of treatment.Kaplan-meier analysis was used to calculate the median pfs and os.Results thirty-eight participants with median age of 62 (range, 33-75) years were evaluated.Five participants were still on maintenance therapy until the end of the study.The majority were non-smokers (68.4%).The median follow-up was 13.6 (range, 12.3-14.9) months.The median pfs (m pfs) was 10.5 (95% ci: 4.1, 17.0) months, and the median os was 23.4 [95% ci: not evaluable (ne), ne] months.The dcr and orr were 94.7% and 60.5%, respectively.Grade 3 and above treatment-related adverse events (traes) happened to 12 participants.The most common traes were hypertension (23.7%), neutropenia (19.4%), and bone marrow toxicity (10.5%).Seven patients discontinued treatment, including two patients during induction and five patients during maintenance treatment.No grade 5 trae was reported.In the non-smoker participants, the m pfs was 14.5 (95% ci: 4.0-25.0) months.Conclusions anlotinib in combination with carboplatin/pemetrexed-based chemotherapy followed by anlotinib plus pemetrexed as maintenance therapy might be an effective choice in treating patients with wild-type egfr/alkadvanced nsq-nsclc.

Journal: Translational lung cancer research (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
Structural Chromosomal Rearrangements Require Nucleotide-Level Resolution: Lessons from Next-Generation Sequencing in Prenatal Diagnosis.

In this exciting era of "next-gen cytogenetics," integrating genomic sequencing into the prenatal diagnostic setting is possible within an actionable time frame and can provide precise delineation of balanced chromosomal rearrangements at the nucleotide level.Given the increased risk of congenital abnormalities in newborns with de novo balanced chromosomal rearrangements, comprehensive interpretation of breakpoints could substantially improve prediction of phenotypic outcomes and support perinatal medical care.Herein, we present and evaluate sequencing results of balanced chromosomal rearrangements in ten prenatal subjects with respect to the location of regulatory chromatin domains (topologically associated domains [tads]).The genomic material from all subjects was interpreted to be "normal" by microarray analyses, and their rearrangements would not have been detected by cell-free dna (cf dna) screening.The findings of our systematic approach correlate with phenotypes of both pregnancies with untoward outcomes (5/10) and with healthy newborns (3/10).Two pregnancies, one with a chromosomal aberration predicted to be of unknown clinical significance and another one predicted to be likely benign, were terminated prior to phenotype-genotype correlation (2/10).We demonstrate that the clinical interpretation of structural rearrangements should not be limited to interruption, deletion, or duplication of specific genes and should also incorporate regulatory domains of the human genome with critical ramifications for the control of gene expression.As detailed in this study, our molecular approach to both detecting and interpreting the breakpoints of structural rearrangements yields unparalleled information in comparison to other commonly used first-tier diagnostic methods, such as non-invasive cf dna screening and microarray analysis, to provide improved genetic counseling for phenotypic outcome in the prenatal setting.

Journal: American journal of human genetics (2016)
Publication types: Journal Article