syedzayyan/paper_mill_benchmark huggingface dataset:
Primary lymphoma of the colon: report of two cases and review of literature.

Gastrointestinal tract is the most frequent site of extranodal lymphoma accounting for approximately 40% of all extranodal lymphomas; out of these, non-hodgkin's lymphoma (nhl) comprises 4% of total cases.Primary lymphoma arising in the colon is very rare comprising only 0.2-1% of all colonic malignancy.Patients and methods we report two cases of 13- and 20-year-old boys with nhl of colon presenting with abdominal pain and weight loss and discuss the approach to colonic lymphoma after a review of world literature to provide an overview on colonic lymphoma.Results colonic nhl most commonly affects older age group with mean age of diagnosis being 55 years.Abdominal pain and weight loss are the two most common presentations with palpable abdominal mass as physical examination finding in half of the cases.Conclusions colonic lymphoma in young adolescence is rare.Multimodality approach involving both surgery and chemotherapy is the principal mode of treatment.Radiotherapy is used in selected cases.If diagnosed preoperatively, non-surgical management can be attempted.

Journal: World journal of surgical oncology (2019)
Publication types: Case Reports;Journal Article;Review
Dysphagia in a Cancer Patient.

Hypercalcemia causes gastrointestinal symptoms such as anorexia, constipation, and pancreatitis but has not been commonly associated with dysphagia.In patients with cancer, dysphagia has been attributed to local tumor invasion or as a complication from surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy.However, there are cases of dysphagia in setting of malignancy with rapid resolution of symptoms after treatment of hypercalcemia.Excess calcium reduces neuromuscular excitability and leads to hypotonicity of the muscle, which could be mechanism by which dysphagia occurs.There are not enough data about dysphagia in association with hypercalcemia from benign etiologies, which could be due to less pronounced hypercalcemia.

Journal: Dysphagia (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
An overview of bats microbiota and its implication in transmissible diseases.

Recent pandemic events have raised the attention of the public on the interactions between human and environment, with particular regard to the more and more feasible transmission to humans of micro-organisms hosted by wild-type species, due to the increasing interspecies contacts originating from human's activities.Bats, due to their being flying mammals and their increasing promiscuity with humans, have been recognized as hosts frequently capable of transmitting disease-causing microorganisms.Therefore, it is of considerable interest and importance to have a picture as clear as possible of the microorganisms that are hosted by bats.Here we focus on our current knowledge on bats microbiota.We review the most recent literature on this subject, also in view of the bat's body compartments, their dietary preferences and their habitat.Several pathogenic bacteria, including many carrying multidrug resistance, are indeed common guests of these small mammals, underlining the importance of preserving their habitat, not only to protect them from anthropogenic activities, but also to minimize the spreading of infectious diseases.

Journal: Frontiers in microbiology (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article;Review
Chemical Structure of Stabilizing Layers of Negatively Charged Silver Nanoparticles as an Effector of Shifts in Soil Bacterial Microbiome under Short-Term Exposure.

In this work, we have assessed the exposure of soil bacteria from potato monoculture to three types of silver nanoparticles (ag nps) as well as silver ions (ag+ions) delivered in the form of silver nitrate and a commercially available fungicide.The diversity of the soil microbial community, enzymatic activity, and carbon source utilization were evaluated.It was found that only the fungicide significantly limited the abundance and activity of soil bacteria.Silver ions significantly reduced bacterial metabolic activity.In turn, one type of ag nps prepared with the use of tannic acid (ta) increased bacterial load and activity.There was found in all ag nps treated soils (1) a greater proportion of all types of persistent bacteria, i.e.,bacillus,paenibacillus,and clostridium; (2) a visible decrease in the proportion of nocardioides,arthrobacter,and candidatus solibacter; (3) almost complete depletion of pseudomonas; (4) increase in the number of low-frequency taxa and decrease in dominant taxa compared to the control soil.Despite the general trend of qualitative changes in the bacterial community, it was found that the differences in the chemical structure of the ag np stabilizing layers had a significant impact on the specific metabolic activity resulting from qualitative changes in the microbiome.

Journal: International journal of environmental research and public health (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Long noncoding RNA WT1-AS regulates trophoblast proliferation, migration, and invasion via the microRNA-186-5p/CADM2 axis.

This study aimed to determine the role of long noncoding rna (lnc rna) wt1 antisense rna (wt1-as) in the occurrence and progression of preeclampsia (pe) and to determine the underlying molecular mechanisms.The associations between wt1-as and micro rna (mi r)-186-5p, and mi r-186-5p and cell adhesion molecule 2 (cadm2) were predicted using star base software and verified via dual-luciferase assays.To explore the role of the human chorionic trophoblast line htr-8/svneo, gene (wt1-as/mi r-186-5p) gain/loss of function experiments were performed.Qualitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) analysis was used to evaluate transfection efficiency.Cell proliferation, apoptosis, cell migration, and invasion were assessed using 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-h-tetrazolium bromide (mtt), flow cytometry, and transwell analysis, respectively.Moreover, cadm2 protein expression was measured by western blotting.The results indicated that overexpression of wt1-as inhibited cell viability, migration, and invasion, and induced apoptosis in htr-8/svneo cells.We observed that mi r-186a-5p directly targeted wt1-as, and mi r-186a-5p knockdown reversed the effects of wt1-as knockdown in htr-8/svneo cells.Binding sites were found between mi r-186-5p and cadm2, and cadm2-overexpression reversed the influence of mi r-186-5p mimic on htr-8/svneo cells.In summary, our findings demonstrated that lnc rna wt1-as participates in pe by regulating the proliferation and invasion of placental trophoblasts, through the mi r-186-5p/cadm2 axis.

Journal: Open medicine (Warsaw, Poland) (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
Organocatalytic stereoselective cyanosilylation of small ketones.

Enzymatic stereoselectivity has typically been unrivalled by most chemical catalysts, especially in the conversion of small substrates.According to the 'lock-and-key theory'1,2, enzymes have confined active sites to accommodate their specific reacting substrates, a feature that is typically absent from chemical catalysts.An interesting case in this context is the formation of cyanohydrins from ketones and hcn, as this reaction can be catalysed by various classes of catalysts, including biological, inorganic and organic ones3-7.We now report the development of broadly applicable confined organocatalysts for the highly enantioselective cyanosilylation of aromatic and aliphatic ketones, including the challenging 2-butanone.The selectivity (98:2 enantiomeric ratio (e.r.)) obtained towards its pharmaceutically relevant product is unmatched by any other catalyst class, including engineered biocatalysts.Our results indicate that confined chemical catalysts can be designed that are as selective as enzymes in converting small, unbiased substrates, while still providing a broad scope.

Journal: Nature (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Evaluation of the Insecticidal Activities of α-Pinene and 3-Carene onSitophilus zeamaisMotschulsky (Coleoptera: Curculionidae).

Pest management in most sub-saharan subsistence agriculture involves mainly the use of botanicals that are either applied as powders, solvent extracts, ash or essential oils.Two hydrogenated monoterpenes (α-pinene and 3-carene) from cupressus sempervirenswere tested against sitophilus zeamaisin the laboratory to evaluate the contact and fumigation effects on the mortality of adult and immature weevils, progeny production, and grain damage.Contact toxicity of the terpenes was investigated at these concentrations: 0.08, 4, 8 and 12 ppm (terpene/maize), while fumigant action was studied at the following doses: 1, 2, 3, and 4 ppm.The results indicate that insecticidal effects were concentration-dependent since mortality increased with dosage and exposure periods.After a 14-day exposure period at the concentration of 12 ppm of α-pinene and 3-carene/grain, more than 98% mortality of the mature weevils was observed at concentrations of 4.1333 and 1.642 ppm respectively and progeny production was reduced by 98% and 100%, respectively.When α-pinene and 3-carene were applied as fumigants, lc50s(lethal concentrations that generate 50% mortality) of 1.402 and 0.610 ppm were obtained after 24 h of exposure, respectively.At concentrations above 3 ppm, both monoterpenes acted as repellents to weevils and reduced grain damage by 80%.Both monoterpenes inhibited the development of immature stages of the weevil and reduced progeny by up to 94%.These compounds are very promising and effective and could be exploited as novel phytoinsecticides against the maize weevil.

Journal: Insects (2020)
Publication types: Journal Article
Using Synchrotron Radiation Imaging Techniques to Elucidate the Actions of Hexarelin in the Heart of Small Animal Models.

The majority of the conventional techniques that are utilized for investigating the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease in preclinical animal models do not permit microlevel assessment ofin situcardiomyocyte and microvascular functions.Therefore, it has been difficult to establish whether cardiac dysfunction in complex multiorgan disease states, such as heart failure with preserved ejection fraction and pulmonary hypertension, have their origins in microvascular dysfunction or rather in the cardiomyocyte.Herein, we describe our approach of utilizing synchrotron radiation microangiography to, first, ascertain whether the growth hormone secretagogue (ghs) hexarelin is a vasodilator in the coronary circulation of normal and anesthetized sprague-dawley rats, and next investigate if hexarelin is able to prevent the pathogenesis of right ventricle (rv) dysfunction in pulmonary hypertension in the sugen chronic hypoxia model rat.We show that acute hexarelin administration evokes coronary microvascular dilation through ghs-receptor 1a and nitric oxide, and through endothelium-derived hyperpolarization.Previous work indicated that chronic exogenous administration of ghrelin largely prevented the pathogenesis of pulmonary hypertension in chronic hypoxia and in monocrotaline models.Unexpectedly, chronic hexarelin administration prior to sugen chronic hypoxia did not prevent rv hypertrophy or rv cardiomyocyte relaxation impairment.Small-angle x-ray scattering revealed that super relaxed myosin filaments contributed to diastolic dysfunction, and that length-dependent activation might contribute to sustained contractility of the rv.Thus, synchrotron-based imaging approaches can reveal novel insights into cardiac and coronary functionsin vivo.

Journal: Frontiers in physiology (2021)
Publication types: Journal Article
Safety evaluation of MA-T after ingestion in mice.

Ma-t (matching transformation system®) is a proprietary chemical mixture for on-demand production of aqueous chlorine dioxide that is used for the treatment of oral malodor.Ma-t is also an effective disinfectant against at least 39 pathological microorganisms, including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, and therefore may be useful as a disinfectant mouthwash to prevent the spread of infection.Accidental ingestion is the putative worst hazard scenario associated with mouthwash use; therefore, here we investigated the safety of ma-t ingestion in mice.Mice were provided drinking water containing 0-3000 μg/ml ma-t for 7 days followed by non-spiked drinking water for an additional 14 days.At day 7, mice ingesting 1000 or 3000 μg/ml ma-t showed significantly decreased body weight and significantly increased liver, kidney, and heart tissue injury biomarkers compared with control.However, at 14 days after stopping ma-t ingestion, body weight and tissue injury biomarkers had returned to normal.Histological analysis revealed that ma-t-induced injuries in liver, kidney, spleen, stomach, duodenum, colon, and rectum had also recovered at 14 days after stopping ma-t ingestion; however, mild vascular endothelial injuries remained in heart, jejunum, and ileum in the worst-case scenario.Taken together, ma-t may be potentially safety for further development as a disinfectant mouthwash by risk management, such as placing a caution of the label and adding a distinctive flavor.

Journal: Toxicology (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
Portal fibroblasts with mesenchymal stem cell features form a reservoir of proliferative myofibroblasts in liver fibrosis.

And aims in liver fibrosis, myofibroblasts derive from hscs and as yet undefined mesenchymal cells.We aimed to identify portal mesenchymal progenitors of myofibroblasts.Approach and results portal mesenchymal cells were isolated from mouse bilio-vascular tree and analyzed by single-cell rna-sequencing.Thereby, we uncovered the landscape of portal mesenchymal cells in homeostatic mouse liver.Trajectory analysis enabled inferring a small cell population further defined by surface markers used to isolate it.This population consisted of portal fibroblasts with mesenchymal stem cell features (pmscs), i.e., high clonogenicity and trilineage differentiation potential, that generated proliferative myofibroblasts, contrasting with nonproliferative hsc-derived myofibroblasts (-mf).Using bulk rna-sequencing, we built oligogene signatures of the two cell populations that remained discriminant across myofibroblastic differentiation.Slit2, a prototypical gene of pmsc/pmsc-mf signature, mediated profibrotic and angiogenic effects of these cells, which conditioned medium promoted hsc survival and endothelial cell tubulogenesis.Using pmsc/pmsc-mf 7-gene signature and slit guidance ligand 2 fluorescent in situ hybridization, we showed that pmscs display a perivascular portal distribution in homeostatic liver and largely expand with fibrosis progression, contributing to the myofibroblast populations that form fibrotic septa, preferentially along neovessels, in murine and human liver disorders, irrespective of etiology.We also unraveled a 6-gene expression signature of hscs/hsc-mfs that did not vary in these disorders, consistent with their low proliferation rate.Conclusions pmscs form a small reservoir of expansive myofibroblasts, which, in interaction with neovessels and hsc-mfs that mainly arise through differentiation from a preexisting pool, underlie the formation of fibrotic septa in all types of liver diseases.

Journal: Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.) (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Evaluation of MU2net as an online secondary dose check for MR guided radiation therapy with the Elekta unity MR linac.

During the adaptive workflow associated with mrg rt, a secondary dose calculation is required and mu2net (dosisoft, france) is one commercial option.The suitability of mu2net to be used in conjunction with the online monaco treatment planning system of the elekta unity (elekta ab, stockholm, sweden), is evaluated in this work.Monaco and mu2net point doses are compared for various fields on and off axis and at different ssds.To investigate the comparative effects of attenuation due to the cryostat, couch and posterior coil, measured, mu2net and monaco dose outputs at the isocentre, as a function of gantry angle, were compared.Point doses for the beams of nine step and shoot imrt (ssimrt) test plans (courtesy elekta) were calculated with monaco v5.4 and compared to corresponding doses computed with mu2net.In addition, monaco v5.4 and mu2net point doses were compared for 1552 beams treated on the unity at our facility.For the on-axis fields investigated the agreement between mu2net and measured data is acceptable.Mu2net and monaco point doses for the elekta ssimrt test plans were within ± 5.0% and ± 6.4% for beams delivered from gantry zero and at planned beam angles, respectively.For the 1552 beams delivered approximately 80.0% of mu2net and monaco point doses agree within ± 5.0%, therefore it is recommended to correlate mu2net dose reference points (drps) with pre and post treatment dosimetry verification.Computational accuracy of mu2net could be enhanced with improved modelling of attenuation due to the couch, cryostat and posterior mr imaging coil.

Journal: Physical and engineering sciences in medicine (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
Elemental composition, total fatty acids, soluble sugar content and essential oils of flowers and leaves ofMoringa oleiferacultivated in Southern Portugal.

The evaluation of the elemental content of moringa leaves and flowers by energy dispersive x-ray fluorescence spectrometry revealed that the leaves are a good source of some macro (ca and k) and micronutrients (mn) beyond the presence of important polyunsaturated fatty acids (pufas), essential in human nutrition.Total soluble sugars prevail in the flowers which may be linked to insect attraction and the pollination process.m.Oleiferaleaves, flowers and seeds essential oils (eos) were isolated by hydrodistillation.Gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis (gc-ms) showed eos dominated by alkanes and fatty acids in diverse ratios in the analyzed plant parts.The nutritional characterization of m.Oleiferacultivated in portugal showed some important nutrients to human physiology.Further studies will allow determining if its consumption may overcome the nutritional imbalances of daily modern households, preventing the emergence of hypertension and diabetes.

Journal: Heliyon (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
Anti-leishmanial Nanotherapeutics: A Current Perspective.

Leishmaniasis is a dreaded disease caused by protozoan parasites belonging to the genus leishmania which results in significant morbidity and mortality worldwide.There are no vaccines available currently for the treatment of leishmaniasis and chemotherapy still remains the mainstay for anti-leishmanial therapeutics.However, toxicity, reduced bioavailability, high cost and chemoresistance are the principal problems which limit the use of the available drugs.In this context, anti-leishmanial nanotherapeutics may show the way for effective treatment of this dreaded disease.Methods we carried out extensive literature search of bibliographic database using keywords strictly within the scope of the present study for peer reviewed research articles.We focused specifically on articles related to the application of nanotechnology in drug development, drug delivery and vaccine delivery for anti-leishmanial therapeutics.Results this study shows the immense potential of the application of nanotechnology in the field of anti-leishmanial therapeutics.This will aid the targeted delivery of different drugs which is expected to increase the bioavailability, reduce toxicity and also address the problem of chemoresistance.Conclusion we surmise that exciting research in the field of anti-leishmanial nanotherapeutics is already showing the promise for effective applicability.Though direct use of nanoparticles as therapeutic agents does not seem to be a good option, the application of nanotechnology in this field for vaccine development is still in its early days.The nano based drug delivery system for anti-leishmanial therapeutics has evolved considerably over the past ten years and holds the potential to drastically change the landscape of anti-leishmanial therapeutics.

Journal: Current drug metabolism (2019)
Publication types: Journal Article;Review
Management of Hypothyroidism and Hypothyroxinemia During Pregnancy.

To review the diagnosis and management of hypothyroidism during pregnancy, in the preconception period, and in the postpartum period.Methods a literature review of english-language papers published between 1982 and 2022, focusing on the most recent literature.Results during pregnancy, thyroid function laboratory tests need to be interpreted with regard to gestational age.Overt hypothyroidism, regardless of the thyroid-stimulating hormone (tsh) level, should always be promptly treated when it is diagnosed before conception or during pregnancy or lactation.Most women with pre-existing treated hypothyroidism require an increase in levothyroxine (lt4) dosing to maintain euthyroidism during gestation.Lt4-treated pregnant patients need close monitoring of their serum tsh levels to avoid overtreatment or undertreatment.There is no consensus about whether to initiate lt4 in women with mild forms of gestational thyroid hypofunction.However, in light of current evidence, it is reasonable to treat women with subclinical hypothyroidism with lt4, particularly if the tsh level is >10 m iu/l or thyroperoxidase antibodies are present.Women who are not treated need to be followed up to ensure that treatment is initiated promptly if thyroid failure progresses.Additional studies are needed to better understand the effects of the initiation of lt4 in early gestation in women with subclinical hypothyroidism and hypothyroxinemia and determine optimal strategies for thyroid function screening in the preconception period and during pregnancy.Conclusion the diagnosis and management of hypothyroidism in the peripregnancy period present specific challenges.While making management decisions, it is essential to weigh the risks and benefits of treatments for not just the mother but also the fetus.

Journal: Endocrine practice : official journal of the American College of Endocrinology and the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article;Review
Mild Cognitive impairment Occurs in Rats During the Early Remodeling Phase of Myocardial Infarction.

Cognitive impairment is a common health problem among people with heart failure (hf).Increases in oxidative stress, brain inflammation, and microglial hyperactivity have been reported in preclinical models of myocardial infarction (mi)-induced hf.We tested the hypothesis that oxidative stress, brain inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and cell death participate in cognitive impairment in the early remodeling phase of mi.Rats underwent either a sham or permanent left anterior descending coronary ligation to induce mi.1-week post-operation, mi rats with % left ventricular ejection fraction (%lvef) ≥50 were assigned as a hf with preserved ejection fraction (hfp ef) group and mi rats with %lvef <50 were assigned as a hf with reduced ejection fraction (hfr ef) group.Cognitive function and biochemical markers were assessed at week 5.The mean value of %lvef in hfp ef and hfr ef were 63.62 ± 8.33 and 42.83 ± 3.93 respectively, which were lower than in the sham group, suggesting that these rats developed mi with cardiac dysfunction.Hippocampal dependent cognitive impairment was observed in mi rats.Serum, brain, and mitochondrial oxidative stress were all increased in mi rats, along with apoptosis, resulting in dendritic spine loss.However, brain inflammation and ad proteins did not change.In conclusion, during the early remodeling phase of mi, a high level of oxidative stress appears to be a major contributor of cellular damage which is associated with mild cognitive impairment.However, the severity of mi, as evidenced by the %lvef, was not associated with the degree of cognitive impairment.

Journal: Neuroscience (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't