syedzayyan/paper_mill_benchmark huggingface dataset:
Assessment of prevalence, knowledge of polycystic ovary syndrome and health-related practices among women in klang valley: A cross-sectional survey.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (pcos) is a common metabolic and reproductive disorder affecting women of childbearing age.Its symptoms associated with androgen excess and menstrual abnormalities have great impact on the quality of life in women with pcos.Data on the knowledge of pcos and health-related practices among malaysian women is scarce.This study aimed to determine the prevalence, knowledge and health-related practices of pcos among women in klang valley, malaysia.Method a descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among women in klang valley, malaysia using a self-administered questionnaire.Participants were conveniently recruited through online platforms.Questionnaire consisted of four sections.The knowledge scores ranged from 0-20 where < 10 was classified as poor knowledge.Health-related practices scores ranged from 10-50, with score <30 was classified as poor practice.Descriptive statistics was used to report demographic characteristics.Inferential statistics was used to report the differentiation, association, and correlations of the variables.Results a total of 410 respondents participated in this survey.The finding revealed that 43 (10.49%) respondents had medical diagnosis of pcos, 11 (2.68%) were diagnosed with pcos based on signs and symptoms, and 135 (32.93%) were suspected with pcos.Nearly half of the respondents had poor knowledge (47.30%) and poor practice (47.60%) of pcos.Also, 46 (11.22%) respondents reported abnormal scalp hair loss and 30 (7.32%) respondents had diabetes.Educational levels and pcos history were significantly associated with pcos knowledge.Respondents with healthcare related educational background demonstrated good knowledge (p<0.01).Majority of respondents (n= 328, 80%) were unable to control their diets on weekends.Married participants and aged between 40 to 45 women showed better practice of pcos.Conclusion nearly half of the respondents had poor knowledge and health-related practices towards pcos.Women with suspected or diagnosed pcos should seek immediate medical help as early diagnosis and treatment for pcos are beneficial in improving their quality of life.

Journal: Frontiers in endocrinology (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
68Ga-PSMA-11 Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography for Primary Lymph Node Staging Before Radical Prostatectomy: Central Review of Imaging and Comparison with Histopathology of Extended Lymphadenectomy.

Results from prospective trials have shown higher accuracy of prostate-specific membrane antigen (psma)-based positron emission tomography (pet)/computed tomography (ct) in detection of lymph node metastasis (lnm) compared to conventional imaging.Objective to evaluate the accuracy of68ga-psma-11 pet/ct for lnm detection in patients undergoing radical prostatectomy (rp) and extended pelvic lymph node dissection (plnd).Design, setting, and participants between june 2014 and november 2020, 96 patients with68ga-psma pet/ct for primary staging underwent rp and extended plnd.Outcome measurements and statistical analysis the results from68ga-psma pet/ct were compared with histologic data from primary plnd in 96 patients.All68ga-psma pet/ct scans were centrally reviewed.Results and limitations of 96 patients, 15.6% (n = 15) harbored lnms.The median prostate-specific antigen at68ga-psma pet/ct was 8.0 ng/ml (interquartile range 5.5-11.7).The majority of patients had intermediate- (52.1%) or high-risk disease (41.7%).Biopsy grade group 4 and 5 was present in 22.9% and 15.6%, respectively.The68ga-psma pet/ct scans identified eight of 15 patients (53.3%) as ln-positive (true positive).The calculated per-patient sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy of68ga-psma pet/ct in the detection of lnm were 53.3%, 98.8%, 88.9%, 92.0%, and 91.7%, respectively.The per-patient sensitivity and specificity in the detection of lnms larger than 2 mm were 61.5% and 98.8%, respectively.The main limitation is the retrospective design of the study.Conclusions 68ga-psma pet/ct is accurate in lymph node staging and the results support its use for primary staging of prostate cancer.Patient summary we compared prostate-specific membrane antigen (psma)-based positron emission tomography (pet)/computed tomography (ct) findings with histopathology results after extended lymph node dissection and showed that it is accurate in detecting lymph node metastases.Our results support the use of psma pet/ct for primary staging of prostate cancer.

Journal: European urology focus (2021)
Publication types: Comparative Study;Journal Article
Complex Behavior in the Dynamics of a Polymeric Biocomposite Material-"Liquid Wood". Experimental and Theoretical Aspects.

The purpose of the present paper is to analyze, both experimentally and theoretically, the behavior of the polymeric biocomposite generically known as "liquid wood", trademarked as arbofill.The experimental part refers to the mechanical performance in tension and compression, having as finality the possibility of using "liquid wood" as a material suitable for the rehabilitation of degraded wooden elements in civil structures (ex.Use in historical buildings, monuments etc.).The theoretical part refers to computer simulations regarding the mechanical behavior of "liquid wood" as well as to a theoretical model in the paradigm of motion, which describes the same behavior.This model is based on the hypothesis that "liquid wood" can be assimilated, both structurally and functionally, to a multifractal object, situation in which its entities are described through continuous, non-differentiable curves.Then, descriptions of the behavior of "liquid wood", both in the schrödinger-type and in hydrodynamic-type representations at various scale resolutions, become operational.Since in the hydrodynamic-type representation, the constitutive law of "liquid wood" can be highlighted, several operational procedures (ricatti-type gauge, differential geometry in absolute space etc.) will allow correlations between the present proposed model and the experimental data.The obtained results, both practical (81% bearing capacity in compression and 36% bearing capacity in tension, compared to control samples) and theoretical (validation of material performance in virtual environment simulations, stresses and strains correlations in a theoretical model) indicate that "liquid wood" could be used in the construction industry, as a potential rehabilitation material, but with more development clearly needed.

Journal: Polymers (2021)
Publication types: Journal Article
A unified and simple medium for growing model methanogens.

Apart from their archetypic use in anaerobic digestion (ad) methanogenic archaea are targeted for a wide range of applications.Using different methanogenic archaea for one specific application requires the optimization of culture media to enable the growth of different strains under identical environmental conditions, e.g., in microbial electrochemical technologies (met) for (bio)electromethanation.Here we present a new culture medium (bfs01) adapted from the dsm-120 medium by omitting resazurin, yeast extract, casitone, and using a low salt concentration, that was optimized for methanosarcina barkeri,methanobacterium formicicum,and methanothrix soehngenii.The aim was to provide a medium for follow-up co-culture studies using specific methanogens and geobacterspp.Dominated biofilm anodes.All three methanogens showed growth and activity in the bfs01 medium.This was demonstrated by estimating the specific growth rates (μ) and doubling times (td) of each methanogen.Theμandtdbased on methane accumulation in the headspace showed values consistent with literature values for m.Barkeriand m.Soehngenii.However,μandtdbased on methane accumulation in the headspace differed from literature data for m.Formicicumbut still allowed sufficient growth.The lowered salt concentration and the omission of chemically complex organic components in the medium may have led to the observed deviation fromμandtdfor m.Formicicumas well as the changed morphology.16s r rna gene-based amplicon sequencing and whole genome nanopore sequencing further confirmed purity and species identity.

Journal: Frontiers in microbiology (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
Low health literacy is associated with higher risk of type 2 diabetes: a cross-sectional study in Germany.

Low health literacy is believed to be associated with behaviours that increase the risk of type 2 diabetes.But there is limited knowledge on the relation between health literacy (hl) and diabetes risk, and whether improving hl could be a potential prevention strategy.Therefore, the main purpose of this study was to examine the link between hl and diabetes risk among non-diabetic adults.Methods we used data from the hamburg diabetes prevention survey, a population-based cross-sectional study in germany.One thousand, two hundred and fifty-five non-diabetic subjects aged 18-60 years were eligible.The german diabetes risk score (gdrs, ranging 0 to 123 points) was used to determine the individual risk of type 2 diabetes.The short version of the european health literacy questionnaire (hls-eu-q16, ranging 0 to 16 points) was applied to assess the individual self-reported hl.Subjects were asked to self-estimate their diabetes risk, which was then compared with the calculated gdrs.Descriptive statistics were calculated to investigate group differences in the gdrs and self-estimated diabetes risk.Linear as well as logistic regression models were performed to analyse potential influencing variables of the gdrs as well as incorrect self-estimated diabetes risk.In three nested statistical models for each outcome, these analyses were adjusted for age, gender, educational level and the presence of chronic conditions.Results according to the criteria of the gdrs, 996 (79.4%) subjects showed "low risk", 176 (14.0%) "still low risk", 53 (4.2%) "elevated risk", and 30 (2.4%) "high to very high risk" to develop type 2 diabetes within the next 5 years.In the statistical models including all control variables, subjects with "inadequate hl" scored 2.38 points higher on the gdrs (95% ci 0.378 to 4.336; p = 0.020) and had a 2.04 greater chance to estimate their diabetes risk incorrectly (or 2.04; 95% ci 1.33 to 3.14; p = 0.001) compared to those with "sufficient hl".Conclusion the risk of type 2 diabetes is increased in people with inadequate self-reported hl.People with high diabetes risk and inadequate hl might be provided with educational programs to improve diabetes knowledge and reduce behavioural risk factors.

Journal: BMC public health (2021)
Publication types: Journal Article;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Snakebite epidemiology in humans and domestic animals across the Terai region in Nepal: a multicluster random survey.

Each year, 2 million people worldwide are bitten by snakes, resulting in an estimated 81 000-138 000 deaths.Who has added snakebite envenoming to the list of neglected tropical diseases, highlighting the need for stronger epidemiological evidence in endemic countries, such as nepal.Methods we conducted a cross-sectional survey in villages randomly geospatially selected from aerial images from across the nepal's terai lowlands region (excluding towns and cities).We collected data between nov 30, 2018 and may 7, 2019, and analysed snakebite incidence rates and outcomes in humans and domestic animals.Findings among 63 454 human participants living in 13 879 households (249 villages), 166 were bitten by a snake over the previous 12 months; 48·8% were envenomed and 7·8% died.This corresponded to an annual crude incidence rate of 262 snakebites (adjusted incidence of 251·1 [95% ci 201·7-312·6]) and 20 deaths (22·4 [11·9-42·1]) per 100 000 people, extrapolating to 26 749-37 661 yearly bitten people and 2386-3225 deaths.Bitten people had a median age of 30 years (iqr 20-45) and with available data, 64% were female.Children younger than 15 years (n=6; 46%) and females (n=10; 77%) were disproportionately affected among the 13 people who died.The incidence was higher in the eastern region, and mortality was higher in the central region.Of 183 949 animals, owners reported 144 snakebites, with an annual incidence rate of 42-202 per 100 000 and mortality of 79-100%, varying by animal type.Spatial and seasonal incidence were similar in humans and in animals.Interpretation this study provides the first epidemiological estimates of snakebite envenoming in humans and domestic animals across nepal's terai lowlands.It was also the first to use a community-based, transdisciplinary, and one health design.These findings call for a strengthening of preventive measures and better access to life-saving treatments.Funding swiss national science foundation project 315130_176271 (snake-byte).

Journal: The Lancet. Global health (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Standardized Care Pathways as a Means to Improve Patient Safety.

The literature overwhelmingly supports standardized, evidence-based care to improve patient safety in the surgical setting, including checklists and enhanced recovery programs.Although local culture, patient complexity, and hospital setting can represent barriers to implanting standardized practices, they can be overcome with thoughtful strategies.

Journal: The Surgical clinics of North America (2021)
Publication types: Journal Article;Review
Tannic acid extracted from gallnut prevents post-weaning diarrhea and improves intestinal health of weaned piglets.

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of different levels of tannic acid (ta) on growth performance, diarrhea rate, nutrient digestibility and intestinal health in weaned piglets.A total of 180 weaned piglets (duroc × landrace × yorkshire, 24 d of age, initial average bw = 7.77 ± 0.17 kg) were allotted to 5 groups (6 pigs/pen and 6 replicates/group) in a randomized complete block design according to their gender and body weight.Piglets were fed a basal diet, or the basal diet supplemented with 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.2% or 0.4% ta for 28 d.The supplementary levels of ta in the diets were obtained by adding tannalbin containing 51% ta and 40.17% protein.The results showed that, compared with the con group, dietary ta did not affect adfi, adg or f:g, and linearly reduced (p< 0.01) the diarrhea rate and diarrhea index of piglets.There were no significant effects on apparent total tract digestibility (attd) in the 0.05%, 0.1% and 0.2% ta groups, while negative effects (p< 0.05) on apparent digestibility of crude protein and gross energy were observed in the 0.4% ta group.In addition, the nutrient digestibility of dry matter, crude protein and gross energy linearly decreased (p< 0.01) with the increase of ta dosage.Supplementation of ta increased (p< 0.05) the villus height of the duodenum and jejunum, as well as increased (p< 0.05) catalase (cat) activity in serum.Dietary ta improved (p< 0.05) the bacilluscounts in cecal digesta.Further, ta significantly improved (p< 0.05)bacilluscounts and reduced (p< 0.05) the escherichia colicounts in colonic digesta.The concentration of acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid and isovaleric acid in cecal digesta were significantly increased (p< 0.05).The m rna expression level of zonula occludens-1 (zo-1), zonula occludens-2 (zo-2), and claudin-2 (cldn-2) in the jejunum were greater (p< 0.05) in ta supplemented groups.The study showed that, compared to the control, ta prevented post-weaning diarrhea and improved intestinal health of weaned piglets, and the appropriate level of ta supplementation would be from 0.1% to 0.2%.

Journal: Animal nutrition (Zhongguo xu mu shou yi xue hui) (2021)
Publication types: Journal Article
Raf Kinase Inhibitory Protein regulates the cAMP-dependent protein kinase signaling pathway through a positive feedback loop.

Raf kinase inhibitory protein (rkip) maintains cellular robustness and prevents the progression of diseases such as cancer and heart disease by regulating key kinase cascades including map kinase and protein kinase a (pka).Phosphorylation of rkip at s153 by protein kinase c (pkc) triggers a switch from inhibition of raf to inhibition of the g protein coupled receptor kinase 2 (grk2), enhancing signaling by the β-adrenergic receptor (β-ar) that activates pka.Here we report that pka-phosphorylated rkip promotes β-ar-activated pka signaling.Using biochemical, genetic, and biophysical approaches, we show that pka phosphorylates rkip at s51, increasing s153 phosphorylation by pkc and thereby triggering feedback activation of pka.The s51v mutation blocks the ability of rkip to activate pka in prostate cancer cells and to induce contraction in primary cardiac myocytes in response to the β-ar activator isoproterenol, illustrating the functional importance of this positive feedback circuit.As previously shown for other kinases, phosphorylation of rkip at s51 by pka is enhanced upon rkip destabilization by the p74l mutation.These results suggest that pka phosphorylation at s51 may lead to allosteric changes associated with a higher-energy rkip state that potentiates phosphorylation of rkip at other key sites.This allosteric regulatory mechanism may have therapeutic potential for regulating pka signaling in disease states.

Journal: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't;Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Geographic Distribution of Regional Quota Program Graduates of Japanese Medical Schools: A Nationwide Cohort Study.

To show the practice location of graduates from two japanese programs recruiting physicians to rural areas: a regional quota program of medical schools and a prefecture scholarship program (a prefecture is an administrative geographic division).Graduates of each program must work in a designated rural prefecture for a fixed period.Method a nationwide cohort study was conducted for three groups of participants graduating between 2014 and 2016: quota graduates without scholarship (quota alone), nonquota graduates with scholarship (scholarship alone), and quota graduates with scholarship.A questionnaire was sent via medical school or prefecture office to each potential subject to collect baseline individual data, including home prefecture and graduation year.Data were connected through physician identification number to the physician census 2016 of the ministry of health, labour and welfare to identify the subjects' practice location and compared with data for other physicians in the census.Comparisons were conducted with mann-whitney and chi-square tests.Results the proportion of physicians working in nonmetropolitan municipalities for quota alone (185/244; 75.8%), scholarship alone (305/363; 84.0%), and quota with scholarship (341/384; 88.8%) was significantly higher than for other physicians (13,299/22,906; 58.1%).Median population density of the municipalities where subjects worked for quota alone (1,042.4 persons per square kilometer), scholarship alone (613.5), and quota with scholarship (547.4) was significantly lower than that for other physicians (3,214.0).These disparities increased with number of years since graduation.Conclusions the regional quota and prefecture scholarship programs succeeded in producing physicians who practiced in rural areas of japan.

Journal: Academic medicine : journal of the Association of American Medical Colleges (2019)
Publication types: Evaluation Study;Journal Article
Encapsulated sour cherry pomace extract: Effect on the colour and rheology of cookie dough.

In this study, the effect of encapsulated sour cherry pomace extract on the physical characteristics of the cookie dough (colour, textural and rheological properties) was investigated.Sour cherry pomace extract encapsulated in whey (we) and soy proteins (se) was incorporated in cookie dough, replacing 10% (we10 and se10) and 15% (we15 and se15) of wheat flour.The dough samples containing encapsulates had the grey-blue colour ( b* values significantly decreased compared to control sample).Due to the presence of anthocyanins, a* values of the dough colour increased significantly with the addition of encapsulates.The addition of soy protein encapsulate increased hardness, resistance to extension and viscosity of cookie dough and decreased deformation compliance ( j), while the addition of whey encapsulate caused dough softness, higher deformation compliance and lower values of viscosity compared to control sample.Values of storage and loss modulus, g' and g′′, significantly decreased when wheat flour was replaced with we and increased when the flour was replaced with soy protein encapsulate.The addition of soy protein encapsulate resulted in higher cookie hardness.

Journal: Food science and technology international = Ciencia y tecnologia de los alimentos internacional (2019)
Publication types: Journal Article
Astaxanthin Alleviates Ochratoxin A-Induced Cecum Injury and Inflammation in Mice by Regulating the Diversity of Cecal Microbiota and TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB Signaling Pathway.

Ochratoxin a (ota) is a common environmental pollutant found in a variety of foods and grains, and excessive ota consumption causes serious global health effects on animals and humans.Astaxanthin (ast) is a natural carotenoid that has anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic, immunomodulatory, antitumor, antidiabetes, and other biological activities.The present study is aimed at investigating the effects of ast on ota-induced cecum injury and its mechanism of action.Eighty c57 mice were randomly divided into four groups, including the control group, ota group (5 mg/kg body weight), ast group (100 mg/kg body weight), and ast intervention group (100 mg/kg body weight ast+5 mg/kg body weight ota).It was found that ast decreased the endotoxin content, effectively prevented the shortening of mouse cecum villi, and increased the expression levels of tight junction (tj) proteins, consisting of occludin, claudin-1, and zonula occludens-1 (zo-1).Ast increased the number of goblet cells, the contents of mucin-2 (muc2), and defensins (defa5 andβ-p d2) significantly, while the expression of mucin-1 (muc1) decreased significantly.The 16s r rna sequencing showed that ast affected the richness and diversity of cecum flora, decreased the proportion of lactobacillus, and also decreased the contents of short-chain fatty acids (scfas) (acetate and butyrate).In addition, ast significantly decreased the expression of tlr4, my d88, and p-p65, while increasing the expression of p65.Meanwhile, the expression of inflammatory factors including tnf-αand inf-γdecreased, while the expression of il-10 increased.In conclusion, ast reduced ota-induced cecum injury by regulating the cecum barrier function and tlr4/my d88/nf-κb signaling pathway.

Journal: Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity (2021)
Publication types: Journal Article