syedzayyan/paper_mill_benchmark huggingface dataset:
T-cell immune response predicts the risk of critical SARS-Cov2 infection in hospitalized COVID-19 patients.

Introduction this study aimed to identify markers of disease worsening in patients hospitalized for sars-cov2 infection.Patients and methods patients hospitalized for severe recent-onset (<1 week) sars-cov2 infection were prospectively included.The percentage of t-cell subsets and plasma il-6 at admission (before any steroid therapy) were compared between patients who progressed to a critical infection and those who did not.Results thirty-seven patients (18 men, 19 women) were included; 11 (30%) progressed to critical infection.At admission, the critical infection patients were older (p = 0.021), had higher creatinine levels (p = 0.003), and decreased percentages of circulating b cells (p = 0.04), t cells (p = 0.009), and cd4+ t cells (p = 0.004) than those with a favorable course.Among t cell subsets, there was no significant difference between the two groups except for the percentage of th17 cells, which was two-fold higher in patients who progressed to critical infection (p = 0.028).Plasma il-6 at admission was also higher in this group (p = 0.018).In multivariate analysis, the percentage of circulating th17 cells at admission was the only variable associated with higher risk of progression to critical sars-cov2 infection (p = 0.021).Conclusion this study suggests that an elevated percentage of th17 cells in patients hospitalized for sars-cov2 infection is associated with an increased risk of progression to critical disease.If these data are confirmed in a larger study, this marker could be used to better target the population of patients in whom tocilizumab could decrease the risk of progression to critical covid-19.

Journal: European journal of internal medicine (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
Obtaining long-term stage-specific relative survival estimates in the presence of incomplete historical stage information.

Completeness of recording for cancer stage at diagnosis is often historically poor in cancer registries, making it challenging to provide long-term stage-specific survival estimates.Stage-specific survival differences are driven by differences in short-term prognosis, meaning estimated survival metrics using period analysis are unlikely to be sensitive to imputed historical stage data.Methods we used data from the surveillance, epidemiology, and end results (seer) program for lung, colon and breast cancer.To represent missing data patterns in less complete registry data, we artificially inflated the proportion of missing stage information conditional on stage at diagnosis and calendar year of diagnosis.Period analysis was applied and missing stage at diagnosis information was imputed under four different conditions to emulate extreme imputed stage distributions.Results we fit a flexible parametric model for each cancer stage on the excess hazard scale and the differences in stage-specific marginal relative survival were assessed.Estimates were also obtained from non-parametric approaches for validation.There was little difference between the 10-year stage-specific marginal relative survival estimates, regardless of the assumed historical stage distribution.Conclusions when conducting a period analysis, multiple imputation can be used to obtain stage-specific long-term estimates of relative survival, even when the historical stage information is largely incomplete.

Journal: British journal of cancer (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Examining the distribution of benefits of a free Maternal and Child Health programme in Enugu State, Nigeria: a benefit incidence analysis.

To determine the population groups that benefit from a free maternal and child health (fmch) programme in enugu state, south-east nigeria, so as to understand the equity effects of the programme.Method a community-based survey was conducted in rural and urban local government areas (lgas) to aid the benefit incidence analysis (bia) of the fmch.Data were elicited from 584 randomly selected women of childbearing age.Data on their level of utilisation of fmch services and their out-of-pocket expenditures on various fmch services that they utilised were elicited.Benefits of the fmch were valued using the unit cost of providing services while the net benefit was calculated by subtracting oop expenditures made for services from the value of benefits.Costs were calculated in local currency (naira (₦)) and converted to us dollars.The net benefits were disaggregated by urban-rural locations and socio-economic status (ses).Concentration indices were computed to provide the level of ses inequity in bia of fmch.Results the total gross benefit incidence was ₦2.681 million ($7660).The gross benefit that was consumed by the urban dwellers was ₦1.581 million ($4517.1), while the rural dwellers consumed gross benefits worth ₦1.1 million ($3608.20).However, oop expenditure for the supposedly fmch was ₦6 527 580 (us$18 650.2) in the urban area, while it was ₦3, 194, 706 (us$ 9127.7) among rural dwellers.There was negative benefit incidence for the fmch because the oop exceeded the gross benefits at the point of use of services.There was no statistically significant difference in the benefit incidence and oop expenditure between the urban and rural dwellers and across socio-economic groups.Conclusion the distribution of the gross benefits of the fmch programme indicates that it may not have achieved the desired aim of enhanced access particularly to the low-income population.Crucially, the high level of oop erased whatever societal gain the fmch was developed to provide.Hence, there is a need to review its implementation and re-strategise to reduce oop and achieve greater access for improved effectiveness of the programme.

Journal: Tropical medicine & international health : TM & IH (2020)
Publication types: Journal Article
Frequency and Clinical Characteristics of Unselected Korean Gastric Cancer Patients with a GermlineCDH1V832M Mutation.

Germline mutations in cdh1are associated with hereditary and early onset- diffuse gastric cancer.However, the frequency of cdh1germline mutation in unselected gastric cancer cases is not well established.aim:the aim of this study was to investigate the frequency and clinical characteristics of germline cdh1v832m mutation carriers in unselected korean gastric cancer cases.methods:direct sequencing was performed to determine the presence of cdh1v832m in 305 unselected korean gastric cancer patients.Lauren's histologic type, family history of gastric cancer, and age of cancer diagnosis were compared between v832m carriers and non-carriers.results:in the study population, seven gastric cancer patients (7/305, 2.29%) were found to have the cdh1v832m mutation.The cdh1v832m mutation carrier state was not significantly associated with phenotypes including lauren's histologic type, family history of gastric cancer, age of cancer diagnosis, and other cancer history in a patient.conclusion:this study demonstrates that the germline cdh1v832m mutation is common in sporadic, late onset, and intestinal type gastric cancer as well as familial, early onset, and diffuse type gastric cancer.Our finding suggests that guidelines for managing cdh1mutation carriers should be refined through additional data on penetration according to cdh1mutation type in sporadic cases.

Journal: Journal of Cancer (2020)
Publication types: Journal Article
The impact of catch-up bivalent human papillomavirus vaccination on cervical screening outcomes: an observational study from the English HPV primary screening pilot.

In england, bivalent vaccination (cervarix) against high-risk human papillomavirus (hr-hpv) genotypes 16/18 was offered in a population-based catch-up campaign in 2008-2010 to girls aged 14-17 years.These women are now entering the national cervical screening programme.We determined the impact of catch-up bivalent vaccination on their screening outcomes.Methods we studied the overall and genotype-specific screening outcomes in 108,138 women aged 24-25 (offered vaccination) and 26-29 years (not offered vaccination) included in the english hpv screening pilot between 2013 and 2018.Results at 24-25 years, the detection of high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (cin2+) associated with hpv16/18 decreased from 3 to 1% (p < 0.001), with estimated vaccine effectiveness of 87% (95% ci: 82-91%).The detection of any cin2+ halved from 6 to 3% (p < 0.001), with an estimated vaccine effectiveness of 72% (95% ci: 66-77%).The positive predictive value of a colposcopy for cin2+ decreased for both low-grade (p < 0.001) and high-grade (p = 0.02) abnormalities on triage cytology.The decreases in screen-detected abnormalities at age 26-29 were of a substantially smaller magnitude.Conclusions these data confirm high effectiveness of bivalent hpv vaccination delivered through a population-based catch-up campaign in england.These findings add to the rationale for extending screening intervals for vaccinated cohorts.

Journal: British journal of cancer (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article;Observational Study;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Equity in the allocation of public sector financial resources in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic literature review.

This review aims to identify, assess and analyse the evidence on equity in the distribution of public health sector expenditure in low- and middle-income countries.Four bibliographic databases and five websites were searched to identify quantitative studies examining equity in the distribution of public health funding in individual countries or groups of countries.Two different types of studies were identified: benefit incidence analysis (bia) and resource allocation comparison (rac) studies.Quality appraisal and data synthesis were tailored to each study type to reflect differences in the methods used and in the information provided.We identified 39 studies focusing on african, asian and latin american countries.Of these, 31 were bia studies that described the distribution, typically across socio-economic status, of individual monetary benefit derived from service utilization.The remaining eight were rac studies that compared the actual expenditure across geographic areas to an ideal need-based distribution.Overall, the quality of the evidence from both types of study was relatively weak.Looking across studies, the evidence confirms that resource allocation formulae can enhance equity in resource allocation across geographic areas and that the poor benefits proportionally more from primary health care than from hospital expenditure.The lack of information on the distribution of benefit from utilization in rac studies and on the countries' approaches to resource allocation in bia studies prevents further policy analysis.Additional research that relates the type of resource allocation mechanism to service provision and to the benefit distribution is required for a better understanding of equity-enhancing resource allocation policies.

Journal: Health policy and planning (2015)
Publication types: Journal Article;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't;Review;Systematic Review
Reassessment of amphetamine- and phencyclidine-induced locomotor hyperactivity as a model of psychosis-like behavior in rats.

Locomotor hyperactivity induced by psychotomimetic drugs, such as amphetamine and phencyclidine, is widely used as an animal model of psychosis-like behaviour and is commonly attributed to an interaction with dopamine release and n-methyl-d-aspartate (nmda) receptors, respectively.However, what is often not sufficiently taken into account is that the pharmacological profile of these drugs is complex and may involve other neurotransmitter/receptor systems.Therefore, this study aimed to assess the effect of three antagonists targeting different monoamine pathways on amphetamine- and phencyclidine-induced locomotor hyperactivity.A total of 32 rats were pre-treated with antagonists affecting dopaminergic, noradrenergic and serotonergic transmission: haloperidol (0.05 mg/kg), prazosin (2 mg/kg) and ritanserin (1 mg/kg), respectively.After 30 min of spontaneous activity, rats were injected with amphetamine (0.5 mg/kg) or phencyclidine (2.5 mg/kg) and distance travelled, stereotypy and rearing recorded in photocell cages over 90 min.Pre-treatment with haloperidol or prazosin both reduced amphetamine-induced hyperactivity although pre-treatment with ritanserin had only a partial effect.None of the pre-treatments significantly altered the hyperlocomotion effects of phencyclidine.These findings suggest that noradrenergic as well as dopaminergic neurotransmission is critical for amphetamine-induced locomotor hyperactivity.Hyperlocomotion effects of phencyclidine are dependent on other factors, most likely nmda receptor antagonism.These results help to interpret psychotomimetic drug-induced locomotor hyperactivity as an experimental model of psychosis.

Journal: Journal of integrative neuroscience (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
Fabrication of zirconium (IV)-loaded chitosan/Fe3O4/graphene oxide for efficient removal of alizarin red from aqueous solution.

Zirconium(iv)-loaded chitosan/fe3o4/graphene oxide (zr-cmgo) was fabricated and applied to remove alizarin red (ar) from aqueous solution.Characterizations of zr-cmgo were performed using several techniques.The effects of initial ar p h, coexisted na cl, contact time and ar concentration were systematically investigated in batch mode.The increased p h had a negative effect on ar adsorption while there was little impact with salinity.Adsorption capacity toward ar reached up to 231 mg/g at 313 k.The kinetic and isotherm analyses indicated that pseudo-second-order kinetic model and freundlich model could predicted the uptake of ar.In addition, the mechanism of ar adsorption could be mainly complexation, electrostatic force, etc.There is antibacterial activity from test about zr-cmgo.Furthermore, the two-stage design could be applied for the theoretical support.Based on all results, zr-cmgo is a novel and selective adsorbent for practical applications.

Journal: Carbohydrate polymers (2020)
Publication types: Journal Article
The prevalence of lower urinary tract symptoms based on individual and clinical parameters in patients with multiple sclerosis.

Most patients with multiple sclerosis (ms) suffer from bladder dysfunction during the course of the disease.This study was conducted to examine the prevalence of these complications among patients with ms.Methods this cross-sectional study was performed on 602 patients with ms who referred to the neurology clinics of kashani and alzahra hospitals affiliated to isfahan university of medical sciences, isfahan, iran.Multistage random cluster sampling was performed and the informed consent form was signed by the subjects.Then, all the data were collected through interviews using the lower urinary tract symptom score (lutss) developed in accordance with the definitions presented by the international continence society (ics) and the international prostate symptom score (i-pss) and dass-21 questionnaire.The data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical tests in spss.Results the prevalence rate of lower urinary tract symptoms (luts) was 87.6% among all the subjects, with a similar rate among women (88.0%) and men (86.0%).There was a significant difference between men and women in terms of the prevalence of stress urinary incontinence (sui), intermittent urine flow, hesitancy, straining, and dribbling (p 0.050).A significant difference was observed in the degree of luts with age, marital status, marriage duration, education, illness duration, clinical course, disability, anxiety, depression, and stress (p< 0.05).Moreover, logistic regression analysis revealed that there was a higher probability of a urinary problems among patients with ms and a high edss score [0.67 (0.507-0.903), p = 0.008].Conclusions a high prevalence of luts was found among patients with ms.There was a higher probability of a urinary tract problem among patients with ms and a high edss score.Therefore, it is recommended that the health system take the necessary measures regarding timely detection and treatment of luts among these patients in order to prevent secondary outcomes and improve the quality of life (qol) of patients with ms.

Journal: BMC neurology (2020)
Publication types: Journal Article
Pinoxaden resistance in Lolium perenne L. is due to both target-site and non-target-site mechanisms.

Application of herbicides inhibiting acetyl co a carboxylase (accase) has been one of the main strategies for selectively controlling grass weed species such as perennial ryegrass (lolium perenne l.) in wheat and barley crops in new zealand.In this study, we have confirmed and characterized resistance to pinoxaden, an accase-inhibiting herbicide, in a population of l.Perenne.Dose-response experiments were conducted to assess the level of pinoxaden resistance, and based on the ld50values, the studied population was 41.4-times more resistant to pinoxaden than a susceptible population.Application of malathion, an inhibitor of the cytochrome p450s, preceding pinoxaden treatment reduced the level of resistance to 9.7-fold.However, pre-treatment with the glutathione s-transferase (gst) inhibitor 4-chloro7- nitrobenzoxadiazole prior to pinoxaden treatment did not affect pinoxaden resistance.Partial sequencing of the accase gene revealed that the resistant population had an isoleucine to valine replacement at position 2041.These results suggest that both cytochrome p450-based and target-site mechanisms are jointly associated with this instance of pinoxaden resistance in l.Perenne.The pinoxaden-resistant l.Perenne individuals were also resistant to quizalofop-p-ethyl (108.6-fold), but they were susceptible to clethodim, which can, therefore, be used to manage this pinoxaden-resistant l.Perenne.This is the first report of a l.Perenne population in which a rare target-site mutation works in concert with enhanced cytochrome p-450 activity to confer pinoxaden resistance.Evolution of resistance to accase-inhibiting herbicides in this l.Perenne population indicates that integrated weed management practices are required to prevent widespread resistance developing in new zealand cereal crop systems.

Journal: Pesticide biochemistry and physiology (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
Outcomes of Conversion Surgery for Metastatic Gastric Cancer Compared with In-Front Surgery Plus Palliative Chemotherapy or In-Front Surgery Alone.

The survival benefits of conversion surgery in patients with metastatic gastric cancer (m gc) remain unclear.Thus, this study aimed to determine the outcomes of conversion surgery compared to in-front surgery plus palliative chemotherapy (pct) or in-front surgery alone for m gc.We recruited 182 consecutive patients with m gc who underwent gastrectomy, including conversion surgery, in-front surgery plus pct, and in-front surgery alone at linkou chang gung memorial hospital from 2011 to 2019.The tumor was staged according to the 8th edition of the american joint committee on cancer.Patient demographics and clinicopathological factors were assessed.Overall survival (os) was evaluated using the kaplan−meier curve and compared among groups.Conversion surgery showed a significantly longer median os than in-front surgery plus pct or in-front surgery alone (23.4 vs.13.7 vs.5.6 months; log rank p < 0.0001).The median os of patients with downstaging (pathological stage i−iii) was longer than that of patients without downstaging (stage iv) (30.9 vs.18.0 months; p = 0.016).Our study shows that conversion surgery is associated with survival benefits compared to in-front surgery plus pct or in-front surgery alone in patients with m gc.Patients who underwent conversion surgery with downstaging had a better prognosis than those without downstaging.

Journal: Journal of personalized medicine (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
Multiphasic CT-Based Radiomics Analysis for the Differentiation of Benign and Malignant Parotid Tumors.

This study aims to investigate the value of machine learning models based on clinical-radiological features and multiphasic ct radiomics features in the differentiation of benign parotid tumors (bpts) and malignant parotid tumors (mpts).Methods this retrospective study included 312 patients (205 cases of bpts and 107 cases of mpts) who underwent multiphasic enhanced ct examinations, which were randomly divided into training (n= 218) and test (n= 94) sets.The radiomics features were extracted from the plain, arterial, and venous phases.The synthetic minority oversampling technique was used to balance minority class samples in the training set.Feature selection methods were done using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (lasso), mutual information (mi), and recursive feature extraction (rfe).Two machine learning classifiers, support vector machine (svm), and logistic regression (lr), were then combined in pairs with three feature selection methods to build different radiomics models.Meanwhile, the prediction performances of different radiomics models based on single phase (plain, arterial, and venous phase) and multiphase (three-phase combination) were compared to determine which model construction method and phase were more discriminative.In addition, clinical models based on clinical-radiological features and combined models integrating radiomics features and clinical-radiological features were established.The prediction performances of the different models were evaluated by the area under the receiver operating characteristic (roc) curve (auc) and the drawing of calibration curves.Results among the 24 established radiomics models composed of four different phases, three feature selection methods, and two machine learning classifiers, the lasso-svm model based on a three-phase combination had the optimal prediction performance with auc (0.936 [95% ci = 0.866, 0.976]), sensitivity (0.78), specificity (0.90), and accuracy (0.86) in the test set, and its prediction performance was significantly better than with the clinical model based on lr (auc = 0.781,p= 0.012).In the test set, the combined model based on lr had a lower auc than the optimal radiomics model (auc = 0.933 vs.0.936), but no statistically significant difference (p= 0.888).Conclusion multiphasic ct-based radiomics analysis showed a machine learning model based on clinical-radiological features and radiomics features has the potential to provide a valuable tool for discriminating benign from malignant parotid tumors.

Journal: Frontiers in oncology (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
Dating of a large tool assemblage at the Cooper's Ferry site (Idaho, USA) to ~15,785 cal yr B.P. extends the age of stemmed points in the Americas.

The timing and character of the pleistocene peopling of the americas are measured by the discovery of unequivocal artifacts from well-dated contexts.We report the discovery of a well-dated artifact assemblage containing 14 stemmed projectile points from the cooper's ferry site in western north america, dating to ~16,000 years ago.These stemmed points are several thousand years older than clovis fluted points (~13,000 cal yr b.p.) and are ~2300 years older than stemmed points found previously at the site.These points date to the end of marine isotope stage 2 when glaciers had closed off an interior land route into the americas.This assemblage includes an array of stemmed projectile points that resemble pre-jomon late upper paleolithic tools from the northwestern pacific rim dating to ~20,000 to 19,000 years ago, leading us to hypothesize that some of the first technological traditions in the americas may have originated in the region.

Journal: Science advances (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article