syedzayyan/paper_mill_benchmark huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of APRI and FIB-4 for noninvasive assessment of significant fibrosis and cirrhosis in HBeAg-negative CHB patients with ALT ≤ 2 ULN: A retrospective cohort study.

To evaluate the performance of aspartate transaminase-to-platelet ratio index (apri) and fibrosis index based on four factors (fib-4) to predict significant fibrosis and cirrhosis in hepatitis b virus e antigen (hbe ag)-negative chronic hepatitis b (chb) patients with alanine transaminase (alt) ≤ twice the upper limit of normal (2 uln).histologic and laboratory data of 236 hbe ag-negative chb patients with alt ≤ 2 uln were analyzed.Predicted fibrosis stage, based on established scales and cut-offs for apri and fib-4, was compared with metavir scores obtained from liver biopsy.in this study, the areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves (aurocs) of apri were lower than that of fib-4 (0.62 vs 0.69; p = 0.019) for diagnosing significant fibrosis; however apri and fib-4 were comparable for diagnosing cirrhosis (0.77 vs 0.81; p = 0.374).When the cut-off proposed by who hbv guideline for apri (>2.0) was used, no cirrhotic patients were correctly predicted.For fib-4, the who proposed cut-off of 3.25 correctly identified significant fibrosis 83% of the time; but for apri, the who proposed cut-off of 1.5 identified significant fibrosis 56%.In ruling out significant fibrosis, the who proposed apri cut-off of 0.5 had a predictive value of 39%, and the fib-4 cut-off of 1.45 correctly identified lack of significant fibrosis in 47% of the patients.In this study, based on roc analysis, the optimal cut-offs were 0.46 and 0.65 for apri, and 1.05 and 1.29 for fib-4, for diagnosing significant fibrosis and cirrhosis, respectively.When the new cut-off of apri (>0.65) was used, 82% of the cirrhotic patients were correctly predicted.In ruling out significant fibrosis, the new apri cut-off (<0.46) had a predictive value of 80%, and new fib-4 cut-off (<1.05) correctly identified lack of significant fibrosis in 84% of the patients.the who guidelines proposed cut-offs might be higher for hbe ag-negative chb patients with alt ≤2 uln, and might underestimate the proportion of significant fibrosis and cirrhosis.A new set of cut-offs should be used to predict significant fibrosis and cirrhosis in this specific population.

Journal: Medicine (2017)
Publication types: Journal Article
Interventions at Hospital Discharge to Guide Caregivers in Medication Management for People Living with Dementia: a Systematic Review.

Hospital discharge has a significant impact on the continuity of care for people living with dementia.Clear guidance on medication management should be provided to caregivers of people living with dementia to ensure appropriate use of medications post-discharge.Aim identify and appraise the impact of interventions at hospital discharge to guide caregivers in the medication management for people living with dementia.Method a systematic search of original studies was performed in medline, embase, psyc info, and cinahl.Articles published in english that reported on interventions to guide caregivers in medication management for people living with dementia were included.Two authors independently reviewed titles and abstract.Full-text articles were assessed for eligibility and quality assessment was conducted by two authors.Results a total of five studies were included with a range of interventions that were typically delivered post-discharge by a multidisciplinary team and most targeted administration of medications by caregivers.Overall, three types of discharge interventions were identified including a pre-discharge caregiver educational intervention, a post-discharge multidisciplinary team intervention, and discharge summary documentation intervention at transitions of care.Of these, a pre-discharge caregiver education led to shorter hospital stay (25 days vs.31 days, p = 0.005).A post-discharge intervention that included follow-up visits resulted in lower use of high-risk medications (19% vs.40%), and reduction in 30-day re-hospitalization rates (11% vs.20%).In contrast, in another post-discharge intervention study, no difference in one-month re-hospitalization rates (8.4% vs.8.0%, p = 0.82) was demonstrated.In another study, a post-discharge hospital educational program provided to caregivers led to significantly reduced caregiver burden (31.7 ± 17.6 (sd) pre-intervention to 27.7 ± 16.9 (sd) post-intervention (p = 0.037)).Discussion current findings suggest there is a need for well-designed interventions to guide caregivers in all aspects of medication management for people living with dementia, and should include support for caregivers in care coordination.

Journal: Journal of general internal medicine (2021)
Publication types: Journal Article;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't;Review;Systematic Review
Understanding the Relationship Between Subjective Wellbeing and Gambling Behavior.

This paper examines the relationship between gambling behavior and subjective wellbeing.It is often asserted that populations consist of different types of gamblers: those for whom gambling is a harmless leisure activity and those (pathological/problem gamblers) for whom the activity has harmful effects.One might, therefore, assume that subjective wellbeing will be negativity associated with an individual's level of gambling addiction.Alternatively, gamblers may choose to gamble because they derive utility from participating in this activity and so the relationship between happiness and gambling might be positively correlated.In this paper we test this association, empirically, using data from the 2010 british gambling prevalence survey.The statistically significant findings from this analysis support the hypothesis that individual wellbeing falls as gambling disorder increases.

Journal: Journal of gambling studies (2018)
Publication types: Journal Article
Multi-responsive, flexible, and structurally colored film based on a 1D diffraction grating structure.

In nature, many organisms (e.g., chameleons) protect themselves by changing their colors in response to environmental changes.Inspired by these organisms, we present a multi-responsive, flexible, and structurally colored hydrogel film with a one-dimensional (1d) ordered periodic groove structure.The groove structure endows the film with bright, highly angle-dependent structural colors, which can be reversibly tuned by stretching and releasing.In addition, because of the thermosensitive properties of the hydrogel, the film can be switched between colored state and opaque white state with temperature.In addition, the optical state of the film is sensitive to solvent and can be reversibly changed between colored state and transparent state with soaking and evaporation of the solvent.This reversible, multi-responsive, flexible, and structurally colored hydrogel film has great potential to be used in the fields of color display, sensors, anti-counterfeiting, and so on because of its flexible and diverse tuning methods, excellent optical performance, and convenient preparation process.

Journal: iScience (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
CT-707 Overcomes Resistance of Crizotinib through Activating PDPK1- AKT1 Pathway by Targeting FAK.

Crizotinib established the position of anaplastic lymphoma kinase-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (alk-tki) in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (nsclc) while the therapy- resistance hindered those patients from benefitting continuously from the treatment.Ct-707 is an inhibitor of alk/focal adhesion kinase (fak) and igfr-1.H2228cr (crizotinib resistance, cr) and h3122cr nsclc cell lines were generated from the parental cell line h2228 (eml4-alk, e6a/b:a20, variant 3) and h3122(eml4-alk, e13:a20, variant 1), respectively.Methods we investigated the antitumor effects ct-707 exerted against h3122cr in vitro /vivo.Results importantly, our study provided evidence that ct-707 overcomes resistance to crizotinib through activating pdpk1-akt1 pathway by targeting fak.Meanwhile, by using an in-vivo h3122cr xenograft model, we found ct-707 inhibited tumor growth significantly without obvious side effects.Conclusion these findings indicate that ct-707 may be a promising therapeutic agent against crizotinib- resistance in nsclc.

Journal: Current cancer drug targets (2019)
Publication types: Journal Article;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Erosive Effect of Acidic Beverages and Dietary Preservatives on Extracted Human Teeth-An In Vitro Analysis.

S frequent consumption of acidic beverages and dietary preservatives in younger generation, diet-conscious (celebrities), and obese individuals have a rapid impact on demineralization of the teeth.An attempt was made to analyze the erosive potential of various acidic beverages.Materials and methods one hundred and ninety extracted human permanent teeth were sectioned longitudinally, pre-weighed, randomly grouped, and placed in nine acidic beverages (200 m l) with predetermined p h, i.e., three commercially available fruit juices, three carbonated drinks, and three dietary preservatives.Statistical analysis the sectioned specimens (n= 10) were analyzed at time intervals of 12, 24, 48, and 96 days.Mean weight loss was calculated, and surface changes were assessed under a stereomicroscope.The demineralization pattern and microscopic changes were observed under a compound and polarizing microscope.One-way analysis of variance test followed by tukey's post-hoc analysis was employed.Results overall the maximum demineralizing effect was caused by vinegar and apple cider.In the fruit juices category, lemon juice induced significant changes, while in the carbonated drinks category coca-cola induced the maximum changes and in the category of food preservatives vinegar induced the maximum changes.Severe discoloration was seen with respect to coca-cola followed by mountain dew (carbonated drink).Conclusion the present study is unique as three different types of microscopes have been employed and both dentin and enamel of permanent teeth have been analyzed.In addition, the effect of dietary preservatives on hard tissues was evaluated.Oral health educators can reinforce important practices such as decreasing the frequency of consumption and time duration of beverage contact with the teeth.Also, the use of mouth rinses and buffering agents after the consumption of dietary beverages can be advocated along with regular fluoride application for those who are regular consumers.

Journal: European journal of dentistry (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
The development of a cognitive rehabilitation and psycho-social group programme for teenage and young adult survivors of brain tumours: A feasibility study.

Introduction and aims treatment for childhood and adolescent brain tumours is often intensive, with significant neurocognitive and psycho-social late effects (zeltzer et al., 2009).This feasibility study aimed to inform the development of a cognitive rehabilitation and psycho-social group intervention for teenage and young adult (tya) survivors of brain tumours.Methods a group-based intervention incorporated ideas from the current evidence base, including psychoeducation and compensatory strategy training, with a focus on real-life goals and improving quality of life.Participants (n= 19, 13-24 years) were recruited from the university college london hospital tya oncology service.Participants had received treatment for a malignant brain tumour and had completed their treatment at least 1 year prior to participation.Four group-based, whole-day interventions ran every 3 months throughout a year.Feasibility criteria were established to answer questions about acceptability of the intervention and recruitment.Results qualitative and quantitative feedback from all four groups demonstrated acceptability and suitability of the intervention with regards to the content, structure and delivery.Recruitment presented more of a challenge with 35% fewer referrals than expected.Discussion and conclusion feedback suggests that the intervention is suitable and acceptable, whilst limitations include numbers of referrals and referral pathways.Future directions are discussed.

Journal: Clinical child psychology and psychiatry (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
RSDM-AHSnet: Designing a robust stochastic dynamic model to allocating health service network under disturbance situations with limited capacity using algorithms NSGA-II and PSO.

In the present study, health services networks were classified into low-level hospitals (provision of public health services) and high-level hospitals (providing specialized health services), which are at risk of being disrupted.They refer the patients to high-level hospitals for inpatient visits or emergencies by ambulance.In the present case, patients are divided into two categories: high priority (the category in which immediate service delivery is needed) and low priority.A stochastic robust dynamic mathematical model for location and allocation of health network regarding limited capacity and disturbance is developed to reduce the total costs and include the basic features of a real problem such as limited capacity.Regarding limited capacity for hospitals, the health network needs redefinition of different layers in the disturbance situation.In this study, we reduce the total costs by reducing hospital costs and costs such as transportation and service to patients.Two metaheuristic algorithms consisting of non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm ii (nsga-ii) and particle swarm optimization (pso) have been applied to solve the model.Taguchi method design minimizes the cost of parameter tuning, including the level of factors related to the proposed.The results showed the method's applicability for large-scale problems that could evaluate different tools for decision-makers to select effective management strategies in constructing a dependable and robust healthcare network.For example, the total cost is minimized in conditions considered in the genetic algorithm, the population parameter at the highest level, 150, the intersection parameters, and the probability of mutation at the lowest level, 0.7 and 0.1.

Journal: Computers in biology and medicine (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
Bioactive Natural Products Identification Using Automation of Molecular Networking Software.

Secondary metabolites from natural sources are promising starting points for discovering and developing drug prototypes and new drugs, as many current treatments for numerous diseases are directly or indirectly related to such compounds.Recent advances in bioinformatics tools and molecular networking methods have made it possible to identify novel bioactive compounds.In this study, a workflow combining network-based methods for identifying bioactive compounds found in natural products was streamlined by innovating an automated bioinformatics software.The workflow relies on global natural product social molecular networking (gnps), a web-based mass spectrometry ecosystem that aims to be an open-access knowledge base for community-wide organization and sharing of raw, processed, or annotated fragmentation mass spectrometry data.By combining computational tools including mzmine2, gnps, and cytoscape, the integrated dashboard quickly creates bioactive molecular networks with minimal user intervention and reduces the processing time of the original workflow by over 80%.This newly automated workflow quickens the process of discovering bioactive compounds from natural products.This study uses extracts from psidium guajavaleaves to demonstrate the application of our automated software.

Journal: Journal of chemical information and modeling (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
Screening for tyrosinase inhibitors from actinomycetes; identification of trichostatin derivatives from Streptomyces sp. CA-129531 and scale up production in bioreactor.

In the course of a primary screening of 614 microbial actinomycete extracts for the discovery of tyrosinase inhibitors, the et oac extract of the fermentation broth of the strain streptomyces sp.Ca-129531 isolated from a martinique sample, exhibited in cell free and cell-based assays the most promising activity (ic50value of 63 μg/m l).Scaled-up production in a bioreactor led to the isolation of one new trichostatic acid analogue, namely trichostatic acid b (1), along with six known trichostatin derivatives (2-7), four diketopiperazines (8-11), two butyrolactones (12-13) and one hydroxamic acid siderophore (14).Among them, trichostatin a (4) showed a ki value of 6.1 μm and six times stronger anti-tyrosinase activity (ic502.18 μμ) than kojic acid (ic5014.07 μμ) used as a positive control.Deoxytrichostatin a (6) displayed also strong inhibitory activity against tyrosinase (ic5019.18 μμ).Trichostatin a production in bioreactor started together with the exponential phase of growth (day 4) and the maximum concentration was reached at day 9 (2.67 ± 0.13 μg/m l).Despite the cytotoxicity of some individual components, the et oac extract showed no cytotoxic effect on hep g2, a2058, a549, mcf-7 and mia pa ca-2 cell lines, (ic50>2.84 mg/m l) and against bg fibroblasts at the concentrations where the whitening effect was exerted, reassuring its safety and great tyrosinase inhibitory potential.

Journal: Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters (2020)
Publication types: Journal Article;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Rates and Factors Associated With Documentation of Diagnostic Codes for Long COVID in the National Veterans Affairs Health Care System.

Importance some persons infected with sars-co v-2 experience symptoms or impairments many months after acute infection.Objectives to determine the rates, clinical setting, and factors associated with documented receipt of covid-19-related care 3 or more months after acute infection.Design, setting, and participants this retrospective cohort study used data from the us department of veterans affairs health care system.Participants included persons with a positive sars-co v-2 test between february 1, 2020, and april 30, 2021, who were still alive 3 months after infection and did not have evidence of reinfection.Data analysis was performed from february 2020 to december 2021.Exposures positive sars-co v-2 test.Main outcomes and measures rates and factors associated with documentation of covid-19-related international statistical classification of diseases and related health problems, tenth revision codes (u07.1, z86.16, u09.9, and j12.82) 3 or more months after acute infection (hereafter, long-covid care), with follow-up extending to december 31, 2021.Results among 198 601 sars-co v-2-positive persons included in the study, the mean (sd) age was 60.4 (17.7) years, 176 942 individuals (89.1%) were male, 133 924 (67.4%) were white, 44 733 (22.5%) were black, and 19 735 (9.9%) were hispanic.During a mean (sd) follow-up of 13.5 (3.6) months, long-covid care was documented in a wide variety of clinics, most commonly primary care and general internal medicine (18 634 of 56 310 encounters [33.1%]), pulmonary (7360 of 56 310 encounters [13.1%]), and geriatrics (5454 of 56 310 encounters [9.7%]).Long-covid care was documented in 26 745 cohort members (13.5%), with great variability across geographical regions (range, 10.8%-18.1%) and medical centers (range, 3.0%-41.0%).Factors significantly associated with documented long-covid care included older age, black or american indian/alaska native race, hispanic ethnicity, geographical region, high charlson comorbidity index score, having documented symptoms at the time of acute infection (adjusted odds ratio [aor], 1.71; 95% ci, 1.65-1.78) and requiring hospitalization (aor, 2.60; 95% ci, 2.51-2.69) or mechanical ventilation (aor, 2.46; 95% ci, 2.26-2.69).Patients who were fully vaccinated at the time of infection were less likely to receive long-covid care (aor, 0.78; 95% ci, 0.68-0.90).Conclusions and relevance long-covid care was documented in a variety of clinical settings, with great variability across regions and medical centers and was documented more commonly in older persons, those with higher comorbidity burden, those with more severe acute covid-19 presentation and those who were unvaccinated at the time of infection.These findings provide support and guidance for health care systems to develop systematic approaches to the evaluation and management of patients who may be experiencing long covid.

Journal: JAMA network open (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article;Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
Religious/spiritual struggles and well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic: Does "talking religion" help or hurt?

Research to date has suggested that religion might be a source of comfort and strength in times of crisis brought about by the covid-19 pandemic, but it may also be a form of stress if spiritual struggles are experienced.We posit the discussion of religious and spiritual matters as a potential feature of religious life that may be helpful or harmful for dealing with the impacts of spiritual struggles.Purpose this study has two objectives.First, we assess the association between religious/spiritual struggles and both perceptions of psychological distress and self-rated health, affording attention to the prevalence of religious struggles during this time.Second, drawing from social penetration theory, we consider both the potential helpful and harmful role of discussing religion with friends and family members for the well-being of those experiencing various degrees of religious/spiritual struggles.Methods using data from a nationally representative sample of americans collected in january 2021, nearly a year after the onset of the pandemic (n = 1,711), we conduct a series of ols and ordinal logistic regression models.Results results suggest that religious/spiritual struggles were somewhat common among americans during covid-19 and were associated with greater psychological distress and worse perceived self-rated health during the pandemic.In the context of high r/s struggles, both psychological distress and perceived self-rated health were more favorable when religious and spiritual matters were discussed very frequently, several times a week or more.Unlike for psychological distress, however, we found no evidence that discussion of religious matters in the face of greater r/s struggles exacerbated their ill effect on health.Supplemental analyses showed that these findings are not being driven by religious denominational differences across our focal variables.Conclusions and implications encouraged by discussions of faith with close network confidants, people experiencing r/s struggles might seek help in the form of counseling in both secular and/or religious settings.Exploring potential resilience factors, such as religious discussion, may help inform broader or more local strategies aimed at economic recovery.Our results therefore invite future investigation into the role of religious coping in mitigating the health effects of pandemic hardship.

Journal: Review of religious research (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article