syedzayyan/paper_mill_benchmark huggingface dataset:
Investigating alexithymia in autism: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

New research suggests that, rather than representing a core feature of autism spectrum disorder (asd), emotional processing difficulties reflect co-occurring alexithymia.Autistic individuals with alexithymia could therefore represent a specific subgroup of autism who may benefit from tailored interventions.The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to explore the nature and prevalence of alexithymia in autism using the toronto alexithymia scale (tas).Methods online scientific databases were searched systematically for studies on asd popu lations using the tas.Meta-analyses were performed to evaluate differences in scores between the asd and neurotypical groups, and to determine the prevalence of alexithymia in these populations.Results 15 articles comparing autistic and neurotypical (nt) groups were identified.Autistic people scored significantly higher on all scores compared to the nt group.There was also a higher prevalence of alexithymia in the asd group (49.93% compared to 4.89%), with a significantly increased risk of alexithymia in autistic participants.Conclusions this review highlights that alexithymia is common, rather than universal, in asd, supporting a growing body of evidence that co-occurring autism and alexithymia represents a specific subgroup in the asd population that may have specific clinical needs.More research is needed to understand the nature and implications of co-occurring asd and alexithymia.

Journal: European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists (2019)
Publication types: Journal Article;Meta-Analysis;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't;Systematic Review
Efficacy of triclosan as an antimicrobial hand soap and its potential impact on antimicrobial resistance: a focused review.

Triclosan is a synthetic biocide found in many household products, including antimicrobial hand soap.Levels of triclosan have been found throughout the environment and in human urine, blood, and even breast milk.Increasing levels of exposure to triclosan have led to concerns over the development of resistance to triclosan and cross-resistance to other antimicrobials.We performed a literature search to assess whether the widespread use of triclosan displays a favorable benefit: risk ratio, defined by evaluation of triclosan's efficacy as an antimicrobial hand soap and its potential effect on the development of antimicrobial resistance.Data from laboratory-based studies regarding the efficacy of triclosan are conflicting, although well-designed studies suggest no significant difference in efficacy over nonantimicrobial soap.In addition, when triclosan was introduced in a community setting, no beneficial effects were observed on the reduction of infections over nonantimicrobial soap.Resistance to triclosan and cross-resistance to antimicrobials have been consistently demonstrated in laboratory settings, although overall resistance rates and cross-resistance rates in the community setting are low.Based on the available evidence, the risk of potential antimicrobial resistance outweighs the benefit of widespread triclosan use in antimicrobial soaps.

Journal: Pharmacotherapy (2015)
Publication types: Journal Article;Review
Laboratory-developed test regulation and the immunocompromised patient: uncertainty ahead.

Of the review laboratory-developed tests (ldts) are essential for the clinical care of immunocompromised individuals.These patients often require specialized testing not available from commercial manufacturers and are therefore dependent on the laboratory to create, validate, and perform these assays.Recent paradigm-shifting legislation could alter the way that ldts are operationalized and regulated.Recent findings on march 5th, 2020 the verifying accurate and leading-edge in-vitro clinical tests development act (valid) was introduced in the us congress.This statute would overhaul existing regulatory framework by unifying the oversight of ldts and commercial in-vitro diagnostic tests (ivds) through the fda.If enacted, ldts would be subject to regulatory requirements like those found in commercial submissions for market review.Stakeholders continue to discuss the details and scope of the proposed legislation in the setting of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 pandemic, where ldts are integral to the national covid-19 response.Summary congressional lawmakers have introduced legislation to alter the regulatory framework governing ldts.Moving forward, a balance must be struck to ensure the availability of safe and accurate testing without delays or overregulation that could be harmful to patients.The downstream implications of how valid and other legislation will impact laboratories, clinicians, and patients warrant close examination.

Journal: Current opinion in infectious diseases (2020)
Publication types: Journal Article;Review
Computational modeling implicates protein scaffolding in p38 regulation of Akt.

Cells process environmental cues by activating intracellular signaling pathways with numerous interconnections and opportunities for cross-regulation.We employed a systems biology approach to investigate intersections of kinase p38, a context-dependent tumor suppressor or promoter, with akt and erk, two kinases known to promote cell survival, proliferation, and drug resistance in cancer.Using live, single cell microscopy, multiplexed fluorescent reporters of p38, akt, and erk activities, and a custom automated image-processing pipeline, we detected marked heterogeneity of signaling outputs in breast cancer cells stimulated with chemokine cxcl12 or epidermal growth factor (egf).Basal activity of p38 correlated inversely with amplitude of akt and erk activation in response to either ligand.Remarkably, small molecule inhibitors of p38 immediately decreased basal activities of akt and erk but increased the proportion of cells with high amplitude ligand-induced activation of akt signaling.To identify mechanisms underlying cross-talk of p38 with akt signaling, we developed a computational model incorporating subcellular compartmentalization of signaling molecules by scaffold proteins.Dynamics of this model revealed that subcellular scaffolding of akt accounted for observed regulation by p38.The model also predicted that differences in the amount of scaffold protein in a subcellular compartment captured the observed single cell heterogeneity in signaling.Finally, our model predicted that reduction in kinase signaling can be accomplished by both scaffolding and direct kinase inhibition.However, scaffolding inhibition can potentiate future kinase activity by redistribution of pathway components, potentially amplifying oncogenic signaling.These studies reveal how computational modeling can decipher mechanisms of cross-talk between the p38 and akt signaling pathways and point to scaffold proteins as central regulators of signaling dynamics and amplitude.

Journal: Journal of theoretical biology (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't;Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Fate of a biobased polymer via high-solid anaerobic co-digestion with food waste and following aerobic treatment: Insights on changes of polymer physicochemical properties and the role of microbial and fungal communities.

Degradation of bioplastics in food-waste-treating anaerobic digestion (ad) plants is becoming an increasingly concerning issue as they are inevitably mixed with food waste during the waste collection process.The aim of this study was to assess the degradation of pbat/pla based biopolymer bags during mesophilic and thermophilic ad, co-digested with food waste, and subsequent aerobic post-treatment.After the ad process, no discernable biological degradation was observed for all of the pbat/pla polymers.The comparison of ftir, xrd, tg analysis and contact angle analysis between raw and degraded pbat/pla polymer revealed structural changes after anaerobic incubation.Subsequent aerobic treatment facilitated the degradation of the pbat/pla polymers from thermophilic ad, which was attributed to the polymer-degrading microorganisms brevundimonas and sphingobacterium.Physical disintegration of the pbat/pla polymer was observed under thermophilic conditions.Those undegraded polymer fragments could affect digestate quality and increase the risk of releasing microplastics into the environment.

Journal: Bioresource technology (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
Iridium-Catalyzed Enantioconvergent Borrowing Hydrogen Annulation of Racemic 1,4-Diols with Amines.

We present an enantioconvergent access to chiral n-heterocycles directly from simple racemic diols and primary amines, through a highly economical borrowing hydrogen annulation.The identification of a chiral amine-derived iridacycle catalyst was the key for achieving high efficiency and enantioselectivity in the one-step construction of two c-n bonds.This catalytic method enabled a rapid access to a wide range of diversely substituted enantioenriched pyrrolidines including key precursors to valuable drugs such as aticaprant and msc 2530818.

Journal: Journal of the American Chemical Society (2023)
Publication types: Journal Article
Persistent versus transient, and conventional plastic versus biodegradable plastic? -Two key questions about microplastic-water exchange of antibiotic resistance genes.

The ubiquitous microplastics (mps) in water environment play an important role in the dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes (args) due to their exchange between floating mps and receiving waters.However, whether the arg exchange is persistent or transient and what are the differences in arg exchange between conventional plastics and biodegradable plastics are the two key issues to be addressed.In this study, biodegradable pbat and non-biodegradable pet mps were chosen to explore the mp-water arg exchange after the mps floated to the receiving waters.The results demonstrated that the active exchange of args between mps and receiving waters occurred, which, however, were transient for most of args.The relative abundance of args both on the mps and in the waters rapidly decreased to the initial or lower levels within 4 weeks.Approximately 25-50% (arg subtype number ratio) of studied arg subtypes were introduced into the receiving waters by mps, and 35-65% of studied arg subtypes went through fluctuation in terms of abundance on mps and in the receiving water.Args tended to converge between mps and the receiving waters with time.Furthermore, the arg exchange between mps and waters facilitated horizontal gene transfer (hgt).Int i1 and tnp a05 played the crucial roles in hgt, which was indicated by their correlated change with most args; in contrast, tnp a04 showed the obvious lagging responses.The biodegradable mp of pbat generally accumulated higher levels of most args including multidrug resistant genes than the non-biodegradable mp of pet.The transient exchange of most args between mps and water implies that the on-off hitchhiking of args on mps in aquatic environment may not exert significant influence on arg transmission.However, compared with the conventional plastics, the biodegradable mps might pose much higher arg dissemination risks due to the higher enrichment of args particularly with people's ever-increasingly usage.Enough attention must be paid to this emerging issue.

Journal: Water research (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
Diagnostic, Therapeutic, and Prognostic Value of the Thrombospondin Family in Gastric Cancer.

Gastric cancer (gc) is the fifth leading cancer in the world.The dysregulated expressions of the thrombospondin (thbs) family were reported to associate with gc, but their relations with tumor stage, prognosis, and correlations with tumor immunity have not been systematically reported.methods:we used versatile public databases such as oncomine, gepia, ualcan, kaplan-meier plotter, linked omics, string, c bio portal, timer, and tisidb to analyze the expression and mutations of different thbssin gc, along with their functional networks, survival analysis, and tumor-immune interactions.results:the m rna levels of thbs2,thbs4,and compwere significantly higher in the tumor tissues; the expression levels of thbs1,thbs2, and thbs4were higher in stages 2-4 than that of stage 1; patients with high expression of thbs1,thbs2,thbs4, and comphad poor os; the genes correlated with thbsswere enriched in focal adhesion, glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, ecm-receptor interaction, and hedgehog signaling pathway;thbs1and thbs4expression had significant correlations with tumor purity, and all the thbssexpression correlated with macrophage and dendritic cells infiltration.conclusions:thbs2, thbs4, and comp were potentially diagnostic markers for gc; thbs1, thbs2, thbs4, and comp were potentially prognostic markers for gc; investigating the relations of thbss and tumor immunology might help in immunotherapy of gc, while more studies are needed to confirm these results.

Journal: Frontiers in molecular biosciences (2021)
Publication types: Journal Article
An in vitro study into the antimicrobial and cytotoxic effect of Acticoat™ dressings supplemented with chlorhexidine.

Burn injuries can cause traumatic and debilitating physical trauma, with burn wounds prone to bacterial infection.This study examined in vitro the effectiveness of the silver nanoparticle based antimicrobial dressing, acticoattm, in combination with a range of antimicrobial compounds against staphylococcus aureus and pseudomonas aeruginosa and investigated potential cytotoxic effects in multi-layered differentiated keratinocyte models.Acticoattm with chlorhexidine was found to be highly effective against s.Aureus and p.Aeruginosa across a 3 day incubation period on pig skin models.Mtt assays and histological staining of keratinocyte models revealed acticoattm had a cytotoxic effect following initial contact with the cells and cytotoxicity was exacerbated when dressings were coated with chlorhexidine and antimicrobial peptide formulations.Spectrophotometric analysis suggested that the silver nanoparticles may mobilise from the dressing as nanoclusters or silver salts, which may relate to the observed cytotoxicity.The bacterial strains used in this study showed a substantial tolerance to acticoattm with biofilm-like communities observed on the dressing surfaces.This could be mitigated with chlorhexidine, albeit with an increase in cytotoxicity.The clinical significance of these findings in terms of infection control and wound healing remain to be determined; the potential benefit of bactericidal activity must be balanced against cytotoxicity, and the prevalence and potential transmission of the silver tolerant phenotype must also be assessed.

Journal: Burns : journal of the International Society for Burn Injuries (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
Combining transcranial direct current stimulation and peripheral electrical stimulation to improve upper limb function in a patient with acute central cord syndrome: a case report.

We report the immediate improvement of weakened muscles after combined treatment with transcranial direct current stimulation (t dcs) and peripheral electrical stimulation (pes) in a patient with acute central cord syndrome (ccs) who presented with severe upper limb motor dysfunction.A 70-year-old man sustained ccs with severe motor deficits in the left upper limb, which did not improve with conventional training until 6 days after injury.On the seventh day after the injury, the left upper limb was targeted with combined t dcs (1 m a for 20 minutes/day, anode on the right, cathode on the left) and pes (deltoid and wrist extensors, 20 minutes/day at the motor threshold), and his performance score immediately improved from 0 to 6 on the box and block test.After four sessions, the left upper limb function improved to 32 on the box and block test, and manual muscle test scores of the stimulated deltoid and wrist extensors improved from 1 to 2.This improvement of the left upper limb led to improved self-care activities such as eating and changing clothes.Exercise combined with t dcs and pes may be a novel treatment for upper limb movement deficits after acute ccs.

Journal: The Journal of international medical research (2022)
Publication types: Case Reports;Journal Article
The Finnish New Variant ofChlamydia trachomatiswith a Single Nucleotide Polymorphism in the 23S rRNA Target Escapes Detection by the Aptima Combo 2 Test.

In 2019, more than 200 cases of chlamydia trachomatisnegative/equivocal by the aptima combo 2 assay (ac2, target: 23s r rna) with slightly elevated relative light units (rlus), but positive by the aptima chlamydia trachomatisassay (act, target: 16s r rna) have been detected in finland to identify the cause of the ac2 ct false-negative specimens, we sequenced parts of the ct 23s r rna gene in 40 specimens that were ac2 negative/equivocal but act positive.A single nucleotide polymorphism (snp; c1515t in the c.Trachomatis23s r rna gene) was revealed in 39 ac2/act discordant specimens.No decrease in the number of mandatorily notified c.Trachomatiscases was observed nationally in finland in 2010-2019.When rlus obtained for ac2 negative specimens were retrospectively evaluated in 2011-2019, a continuous increase in the proportion of samples with rlus 10-19 was observed since 2014, and a slight increase in the proportion of samples with rlus 20-84 in 2017-2019, indicating that the finnish new variant of c.Trachomatismight have been spreading nationally for several years.This emphasizes that careful surveillance of epidemiology, positivity rate and test performance are mandatory to detect any changes affecting detection of infections.

Journal: Microorganisms (2019)
Publication types: Journal Article
Role of interventional oncology for treatment of liver metastases: evidence based best practice.

The presence of liver metastases is associated with a poor prognosis in many cancer diseases.Multiple studies during the last decades aimed to find out the best multimodal therapy to achieve an ideal, safe and highly effective treatment.In addition to established therapies such as systemic therapy, surgery and radiation therapy, interventional oncology with thermal ablation, transarterial chemoembolisation and radioembolisation, is becoming the fourth pillar of cancer therapies and is part of a personalised treatments' strategy.This review informs about the most popular currently performed interventional oncological treatments in patients with liver metastases.

Journal: The British journal of radiology (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article;Review
Adverse Events Following Cancer Immunotherapy: Obstacles and Opportunities.

Oncology has recently undergone a revolutionary change with widespread adoption of immunotherapy for many cancers.Immunotherapy using monoclonal antibodies against checkpoint molecules, including programmed death (pd)-1, pd ligand (pd-l)1, and cytotoxic t lymphocyte-associated antigen (ctla)-4, is effective in a significant subset of patients.However, immune-related adverse events (ir aes) have emerged as frequent complications of checkpoint blockade, likely due to the physiological role of checkpoint pathways in regulating adaptive immunity and preventing autoimmunity.As immunotherapy becomes more common, a better understanding of the etiology of ir aes and ways to limit these events is needed.At the same time, studying these new therapy-related disorders provides an opportunity to better understand naturally occurring human autoimmune and inflammatory disorders, with the potential to improve therapies for cancer and autoimmune diseases.

Journal: Trends in immunology (2019)
Publication types: Journal Article;Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't;Review
Reviewing the relationship between machines and radiology: the application of artificial intelligence.

The scope and productivity of artificial intelligence applications in health science and medicine, particularly in medical imaging, are rapidly progressing, with relatively recent developments in big data and deep learning and increasingly powerful computer algorithms.Accordingly, there are a number of opportunities and challenges for the radiological community.Purpose to provide review on the challenges and barriers experienced in diagnostic radiology on the basis of the key clinical applications of machine learning techniques.Material and methods studies published in 2010-2019 were selected that report on the efficacy of machine learning models.A single contingency table was selected for each study to report the highest accuracy of radiology professionals and machine learning algorithms, and a meta-analysis of studies was conducted based on contingency tables.Results the specificity for all the deep learning models ranged from 39% to 100%, whereas sensitivity ranged from 85% to 100%.The pooled sensitivity and specificity were 89% and 85% for the deep learning algorithms for detecting abnormalities compared to 75% and 91% for radiology experts, respectively.The pooled specificity and sensitivity for comparison between radiology professionals and deep learning algorithms were 91% and 81% for deep learning models and 85% and 73% for radiology professionals (p < 0.000), respectively.The pooled sensitivity detection was 82% for health-care professionals and 83% for deep learning algorithms (p < 0.005).Conclusion radiomic information extracted through machine learning programs form images that may not be discernible through visual examination, thus may improve the prognostic and diagnostic value of data sets.

Journal: Acta radiologica open (2021)
Publication types: Journal Article;Review
Acetazolamide in Decompensated Heart Failure with Volume Overload trial (ADVOR): baseline characteristics.

S to describe the baseline characteristics of participants in the acetazolamide in decompensated heart failure with volume overload (advor) trial and compare these with other contemporary diuretic trials in acute heart failure (ahf).Methods and results advor recruited 519 patients with ahf, clinically evident volume overload, elevated n-terminal pro-b-type natriuretic peptide (nt-pro bnp) and maintenance loop diuretic therapy prior to admission.All participants received standardized loop diuretics and were randomized towards once daily intravenous acetazolamide (500 mg) versus placebo, stratified according to study centre and left ventricular ejection fraction (lvef) (≤40% vs.&gt;40%).The primary endpoint was successful decongestion assessed by a dedicated score indicating no more than trace oedema and no other signs of congestion after three consecutive days of treatment without need for escalating treatment.Mean age was 78 years, 63% were men, mean lvef was 43%, and median nt-pro bnp 6173 pg/ml.The median clinical congestion score was 4 with an euro qol-5 dimensions health utility index of 0.6.Patients with lvef ≤40% were more often male, had more ischaemic heart disease, higher levels of nt-pro bnp and less atrial fibrillation.Compared with diuretic trials in ahf, patients enrolled in advor were considerably older with higher nt-pro bnp levels, reflecting the real-world clinical situation.Conclusion advor is the largest randomized diuretic trial in ahf, investigating acetazolamide to improve decongestion on top of standardized loop diuretics.The elderly enrolled population with poor quality of life provides a good representation of the real-world ahf population.The pragmatic design will provide novel insights in the diuretic treatment of patients with ahf.

Journal: European journal of heart failure (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article;Randomized Controlled Trial;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't