syedzayyan/paper_mill_benchmark huggingface dataset:
Mental Health and Adherence to COVID-19 Protective Behaviors among Cancer Patients during the COVID-19 Pandemic: An International, Multinational Cross-Sectional Study.

A population-based cross-sectional study was conducted during the first covid-19 wave, to examine the impact of covid-19 on mental health using an anonymous online survey, enrolling 9565 individuals in 78 countries.The current sub-study examined the impact of the pandemic and the associated lockdown measures on the mental health, and protective behaviors of cancer patients in comparison to non-cancer participants.Furthermore, 264 participants from 30 different countries reported being cancer patients.The median age was 51.5 years, 79.9% were female, and 28% had breast cancer.Cancer participants reported higher self-efficacy to follow recommended national guidelines regarding covid-19 protective behaviors compared to non-cancer participants (p< 0.01).They were less stressed (p< 0.01), more psychologically flexible (p< 0.01), and had higher levels of positive affect compared to non-cancer participants.Amongst cancer participants, the majority (80.3%) reported covid-19, not their cancer, as their priority during the first wave of the pandemic and females reported higher levels of stress compared to males.In conclusion, cancer participants appeared to have handled the unpredictable nature of the first wave of the pandemic efficiently, with a positive attitude towards an unknown and otherwise frightening situation.Larger, cancer population specific and longitudinal studies are warranted to ensure adequate medical and psychological care for cancer patients.

Journal: Cancers (2021)
Publication types: Journal Article
Right watershed cerebral infarction following neck cannulation for veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in pediatric septic shock: a case series.

Children supported by extracorporeal membrane oxygenation present a high risk of neurological complications.Although carotid cannulation is known to be associated with neurologic injury, conflicting data exist with regard to the predominance of right- or left-sided lesions.We describe here two infants requiring veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for septic shock who encountered right watershed infarction ipsilateral to carotid artery cannulation.Hemodynamic failure seems to be the most probable underlying mechanism.The asymmetry of transcranial doppler metrics in one case and the low right regional cerebral oxygen saturation value observed soon after right cannulation in both cases suggest an insufficient cerebral collateral flow compensation.The risk of ipsilateral watershed injury should be considered before cervical cannulation, notably in the context of sepsis and an evaluation of the cerebral collateral blood flow before and just after cannulation may be interesting in order to identify infants with higher risk of ipsilateral ischemic lesions.

Journal: Perfusion (2021)
Publication types: Journal Article
Quality Indicators for Capsule Endoscopy and Deep Enteroscopy.

Introduction capsule endoscopy (ce) and deep enteroscopy (de) can be useful for diagnosing and treating suspected small-bowel disease.Guidelines and detailed recommendations exist for the use of ce/de, but comprehensive quality indicators are lacking.The goal of this task force was to develop quality indicators for appropriate use of ce/de by using a modified rand/ucla appropriateness method.Methods an expert panel of 7 gastroenterologists with diverse practice experience was assembled to identify quality indicators.A literature review was conducted to develop a list of proposed quality indicators applicable to preprocedure, intraprocedure, and postprocedure periods.The panelists reviewed the literature; identified and modified proposed quality indicators; rated them on the basis of scientific evidence, validity, and necessity; and determined proposed performance targets.Agreement and consensus with the proposed indicators were verified using the rand/ucla appropriateness method.Results the voting procedure to prioritize metrics emphasized selecting measures to improve quality and overall patient care.Panelists rated indicators on the perceived appropriateness and necessity for clinical practice.After voting and discussion, 2 quality indicators ranked as inappropriate or uncertain were excluded.Each quality indicator was categorized by measure type, performance target, and summary of evidence.The task force identified 13 quality indicators for ce and de.Discussion comprehensive quality indicators have not existed for ce or de.The task force identified quality indicators that can be incorporated into clinical practice.The panel also addressed existing knowledge gaps and posed research questions to better inform future research and quality guidelines for these procedures.

Journal: The American journal of gastroenterology (2022)
Publication types: Review;Journal Article
Two-Team Surgical Approach to Improve Retroperitoneal Nerve Identification in the Treatment of Groin Pain.

An estimated 700,000 groin hernia repairs are performed in the united states each year.Studies have shown that up to 50% of patients who undergo groin hernia repair are affected by persistent pain beyond the first few days after surgery.At 2 to 5 years after either open or laparoscopic, mesh or without mesh, 10% to 12% of these patients will have persistent and disabling pain.If the ilioinguinal, iliohypogastric, or genitofemoral nerves are injured below the transversalis muscle layer, the traditional external, open approach to nerve resection will not help these patients.The traditional internal, laparoscopic, approach to the retroperitoneum can be used for nerve resection, but identification of the correct nerve is difficult.Therefore, we have developed a 2-team, dual approach, combining open and endoscopic approaches to solve this problem.Methods a retrospective review of the electronic medical records was performed to identify all patients who underwent a dual approach for groin denervation after persistent postherniorraphy pain.This dual approach included an external incision paired with a laparoscopic, retroperitoneal approach to identify and/or transect the ilioinguinal, iliohypogastic, lateral femoral cutaneous, and genital branch of the genitofemoral nerve.Inclusion criteria are persistent groin pain with alleviation after preoperative nerve block and either a failed attempt at an external approach groin denervation or pain after a primary laparotomy/laparoscopy procedure.Results thirteen patients met the inclusion criteria.All patients underwent a dual approach, and nerves were identified and confirmed in both the external groin and laparoscopic approaches.When placed on a scale from excellent/good to fair/poor relief of pain, 10 patients (77%) described excellent/good relief and 3 (23%) continued to have persistent pain.Conclusions a combined open surgical procedure, to identify the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve, and a laparoscopic procedure in the retroperitoneum have demonstrated the feasibility of this approach to identify correctly the nerve to be resected to relieve disabling groin pain.

Journal: Annals of plastic surgery (2019)
Publication types: Comparative Study;Journal Article
Emerging and future strategies in the management of recalcitrant Candida auris.

Candida auris is an emerging, multi drug resistant fungal pathogen that has caused infectious outbreaks in over 45 countries since its first isolation over a decade ago, leading to in-hospital crude mortality rates as high as 72%.The fungus is also acclimated to disinfection procedures and persists for weeks in nosocomial ecosystems.Alarmingly, the outbreaks of c.Auris infections in coronavirus disease-2019 (covid-19) patients have also been reported.The pathogenicity, drug resistance and global spread of c.Auris have led to an urgent exploration of novel, candidate antifungal agents for c.Auris therapeutics.This narrative review codifies the emerging data on the following new/emerging antifungal compounds and strategies: antimicrobial peptides, combinational therapy, immunotherapy, metals and nano particles, natural compounds, and repurposed drugs.Encouragingly, a vast majority of these exhibit excellent anti- c.Auris properties, with promising drugs now in the pipeline in various stages of development.Nevertheless, further research on the modes of action, toxicity, and the dosage of the new formulations are warranted.Studies are needed with representation from all five c.Auris clades, so as to produce data of grater relevance, and broader significance and validity.Lay summary elimination of candida auris that causes deadly infections to susceptible individuals is extremely challenging due to the lack of effective treatment options.Promising, new antifungal agents and strategies are being developed and further refinement will facilitate their clinical use in the near future.

Journal: Medical mycology (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article;Review
Early sensory gain control is dominated by obligatory and global feature-based attention in top-down shifts of combined spatial and feature-based attention.

What are the dynamics of global feature-based and spatial attention, when deployed together?In an attentional shifting experiment, flanked by three control experiments, we investigated neural temporal dynamics of combined attentional shifts.For this purpose, orange- and blue-frequency-tagged spatially overlapping random dot kinematograms were presented in the left and right visual hemifield to elicit continuous steady-state-visual-evoked-potentials.After being initially engaged in a fixation cross task, participants were at some point in time cued to shift attention to one of the random dot kinematograms, to detect and respond to brief coherent motion events, while ignoring all such events in other random dot kinematograms.The analysis of steady-state visual-evoked potentials allowed us to map time courses and dynamics of early sensory-gain modulations by attention.This revealed a time-invariant amplification of the to-be attended color both at the attended and the unattended side, followed by suppression for the to-be-ignored color at attended and unattended sides.Across all experiments, global and obligatory feature-based selection dominated early sensory gain modulations, whereas spatial attention played a minor modulatory role.However, analyses of behavior and neural markers such as alpha-band activity and event-related potentials to target- and distractor-event processing, revealed clear modulations by spatial attention.

Journal: Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991) (2023)
Publication types: Journal Article;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Correction: Population type influences the rate of ageing.

This article was originally published under standard license to publish, but has now been made available under a cc by 4.0 license.The pdf and html versions of the paper have been modified accordingly.

Journal: Heredity (2019)
Publication types: Published Erratum
Treatment Options for Lipodystrophy in Children.

Lipodystrophy includes a heterogeneous group of rare diseases characterized by different amounts of adipose tissue loss and several metabolic complications, including hypertriglyceridemia, steatohepatitis and particularly insulin resistance, that may lead to severe morbidity and, sometimes, mortality.Therefore, therapy for lipodystrophy primarily consists of a conventional approach that involves standard treatments of metabolic abnormalities.Given the evidence of leptin deficiency in lipodystrophy syndromes, leptin replacement therapy has been considered as a treatment option.Long-term studies on the use of therapy with a methionylated analog of human leptin, metreleptin, first on animals and subsequently on human patients, demonstrated enormous improvements of patients' clinical features and metabolic conditions.Recently, metreleptin was approved by food and drug administration (fda) for the treatment of generalized lipodystrophy and by european medicines agency (ema) for the treatment of both generalized and partial lipodystrophy.However, further research is being conducted for new and different therapeutic agents, especially helpful for the treatment of patients with partial lipodystrophy, as some of them do not have access to metreleptin therapy or show poor response.

Journal: Frontiers in endocrinology (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article;Review;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
The genetic structure of SARS-CoV-2 does not rule out a laboratory origin: SARS-COV-2 chimeric structure and furin cleavage site might be the result of genetic manipulation.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus (sars-co v)-2's origin is still controversial.Genomic analyses show sars-co v-2 likely to be chimeric, most of its sequence closest to bat co v ra tg13, whereas its receptor binding domain (rbd) is almost identical to that of a pangolin co v.Chimeric viruses can arise via natural recombination or human intervention.The furin cleavage site in the spike protein of sars-co v-2 confers to the virus the ability to cross species and tissue barriers, but was previously unseen in other sars-like co vs.Might genetic manipulations have been performed in order to evaluate pangolins as possible intermediate hosts for bat-derived co vs that were originally unable to bind to human receptors?Both cleavage site and specific rbd could result from site-directed mutagenesis, a procedure that does not leave a trace.Considering the devastating impact of sars-co v-2 and importance of preventing future pandemics, researchers have a responsibility to carry out a thorough analysis of all possible sars-co v-2 origins.

Journal: BioEssays : news and reviews in molecular, cellular and developmental biology (2021)
Publication types: Journal Article
Synthesis of a Rationally Designed Multi-Component Photocatalyst Pt:SiO2:TiO2(P25) with Improved Activity for Dye Degradation by Atomic Layer Deposition.

Photocatalysts for water purification typically lack efficiency for practical applications.Here we present a multi-component (pt:si o2:ti o2(p25)) material that was designed using knowledge of reaction mechanisms of mono-modified catalysts (si o2:ti o2, and pt:ti o2) combined with the potential of atomic layer deposition (ald).The deposition of ultrathin si o2layers on ti o2nanoparticles, applying ald in a fluidized bed reactor, demonstrated in earlier studies their beneficial effects for the photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants due to more acidic surface si-oh groups which benefit the generation of hydroxyl radicals.Furthermore, our investigation on the role of pt on ti o2(p25), as an improved photocatalyst, demonstrated that suppression of charge recombination by oxygen adsorbed on the pt particles, reacting with the separated electrons to superoxide radicals, acts as an important factor for the catalytic improvement.Combining both materials into the resulting pt:si o2:ti o2(p25) nanopowder exceeded the dye degradation performance of both the individual si o2:ti o2(p25) (1.5 fold) and pt:ti o2(p25) (4-fold) catalysts by 6-fold as compared to ti o2(p25).This approach thus shows that by understanding the individual materials' behavior and using ald as an appropriate deposition technique enabling control on the nano-scale, new materials can be designed and developed, further improving the photocatalytic activity.Our research demonstrates that ald is an attractive technology to synthesize multicomponent catalysts in a precise and scalable way.

Journal: Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) (2020)
Publication types: Journal Article
Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Hepatitis in an Immunocompetent Female After Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy.

We present a rare case of a healthy, non-pregnant, middle-aged and immunocompetent woman who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis with a post-operative course complicated by herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) hepatitis secondary to post-surgical inflammation.Her initial post-operative course was complicated by intermittent fevers, leukocytosis, jaundice, elevated transaminases, and right upper quadrant abdominal pain, and she was subsequently placed on broad-spectrum antibiotics with no improvement.During her hospital course, the patient developed herpes labialis, and hsv-1 hepatitis was confirmed by serology and hsv-1 polymerase chain reaction (pcr), in lieu of a liver biopsy.After this was discovered, the patient was placed on valacyclovir and had a successful response.The importance of this case is to emphasize the possibility of herpes simplex virus (hsv) hepatitis as a post-operative complication and the benefit of early empiric antiviral treatment.

Journal: Cureus (2020)
Publication types: Case Reports;Journal Article
Maternal sevoflurane exposure affects differentiation of hippocampal neural stem cells by regulating miR-410-3p and ATN1.

Currently, numerous animal studies have shown that exposure to commonly used general anesthetics during pregnancy may cause neurocognitive impairment in the offspring.Reportedly, exposure to sevoflurane during mid-trimester of pregnancy can inhibit proliferation of neural stem cells (nscs) and lead to early apoptosis.Whether exposure to sevoflurane during pregnancy affects the differentiation of nscs remains unclear.Methods in the present study, pregnant rats were exposed to 3% sevoflurane once for 2 h on gestational day 14 (g14) or 3 times for 2 h on g13, g14, and g15.Next, the differentiation of nscs was measured using neuron marker β-tubulin iii and astrocyte marker glial fibrillary acidic protein (gfap) in fetal brain tissues 24 h and 72 h after anesthesia and in hippocampus on postnatal day 28.Primary cultured rat nscs were exposed to 4.1% sevoflurane to explore the mechanism.Results the results showed that during mid-trimester, multiple exposures to sevoflurane can cause premature differentiation of nscs in developing brains of offspring and lead to long-term neuron reduction and astrocyte proliferation in hippocampus.The data from the present study indicated that repeated exposure to sevoflurane downregulated atrophin-1 (atn1) expression and caused early differentiation of nscs.Overexpression of atn1 via lentivirus transfection attenuated the influence of sevoflurane.Using dual luciferase assay, atn1 was found to be a target gene of micro rna-410-3p (mi r-410-3p).Mi r-410-3p suppression via lentivirus transfection recovered the atn1 expression and differentiation of nscs.Conclusions the results from the present study demonstrated that repeated exposure to sevoflurane leads to early differentiation of nscs and long-term effects via the mi r-410-3p/atn1 pathway.

Journal: Stem cell research & therapy (2020)
Publication types: Journal Article;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
A case study to investigate the impact of overcrowding indices in emergency departments.

Emergency department (ed) overcrowding is widespread in hospitals in many countries, causing severe consequences to patient outcomes, staff work and the system, with an overall increase in costs.Therefore, health managers are constantly looking for new preventive and corrective measures to counter this phenomenon.To do this, however, it is necessary to be able to characterize the problem objectively.For this reason, various indices are used in the literature to assess ed crowding.In this work, we explore the use of two of the most widespread crowding indices in an ed of an italian national hospital, investigate their relationships and discuss their effectiveness.Methods in this study, two of the most widely used indices in the literature, the national emergency department overcrowding scale (nedocs) and the emergency department working index (edwin), were analysed to characterize overcrowding in the ed of a.o.r.n."a.Cardarelli" of naples, which included 1678 clinical cases.The measurement was taken every 15 minutes for a period of 7 days.Results the results showed consistency in the use of edwin and nedocs indices as measures of overcrowding, especially in severe overcrowding conditions.Indeed, in the examined case study, both edwin and nedocs showed very low rates of occurrence of severe overcrowding (2-3%).In contrast, regarding differences in the estimation of busy to overcrowded ed rates, the edwin index proved to be less sensitive in distinguishing these variations in the occupancy of the ed.Furthermore, within the target week considered in the study, the results show that, according to both edwin and nedocs, higher overcrowding rates occurred during the middle week rather than during the weekend.Finally, a low degree of correlation between the two indices was found.Conclusions the effectiveness of both edwin and nedocs in measuring ed crowding and overcrowding was investigated, and the main differences and relationships in the use of the indices are highlighted.While both indices are useful ed performance metrics, they are not always interchangeable, and their combined use could provide more details in understanding ed dynamics and possibly predicting future critical conditions, thus enhancing ed management.

Journal: BMC emergency medicine (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
Metabolic changes from exposure to harmful Maillard reaction products and high-fat diet on Sprague-Dawley rats.

Rats were fed a high-fat diet and treated with acrylamide (21 mg/kg bw), harmane (7 mg/kg bw), nɛ-(carboxymethyl)lysine (cml; 10 mg/kg bw), or the co-accumulation of the three chemicals to investigate the effects of harmful maillard reaction products (mrps) generated by heat processing of potatoes.Damage to the liver, kidney, gastrocnemius, and nervous system was confirmed by serum biochemical testing and histopathology examination after six weeks of feeding.Serum metabolomic analysis was performed using gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry (gc-tof-ms).The metabolites detected by gc-tof-ms were processed using chemometric techniques, and the results were evaluated using a t-test (p 1.5).Significant changes (increase or decrease) were identified in 13 metabolites, compared with the control.These metabolites were gluconolactone, tyrosol, 5-hydroxytryptophan, erythrose 4-phosphate, quinolinic acid, 2-ketobutyric acid, tyrosine, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaric acid, desaminotyrosine, l-cysteine, ribonic acid, cysteamine, and tryptophan.Among these, cysteamine and tryptophan are metabolites unique to the co-accumulation of all three test compounds in the treated rats.This study demonstrates that these harmful mrps exert toxic effects on the liver, kidney, and nervous system via different metabolic pathways.Moreover, co-accumulation of these harmful mrps caused differing toxic effects and changes in a variety of metabolites.These changes may contribute to the interaction of those harmful mrps and also affect toxicity at the metabolic level.

Journal: Food research international (Ottawa, Ont.) (2021)
Publication types: Journal Article;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't