syedzayyan/paper_mill_benchmark huggingface dataset:
Cytokine production in myelofibrosis exhibits differential responsiveness to JAK-STAT, MAP kinase, and NFκB signaling.

The distinct clinical features of myelofibrosis (mf) have been attributed in part to dysregulated inflammatory cytokine production.Circulating cytokine levels are elevated in mf patients; a subset of which have been shown to be poor prognostic indicators.In this study, cytokine overproduction was examined in mf patient plasma and in mf blood cells ex vivo using mass cytometry.Plasma cytokines measured following treatment with ruxolitinib remained markedly abnormal, indicating that aberrant cytokine production persists despite therapeutic jak2 inhibition.In mf patient samples, 14/15 cytokines measured by mass cytometry were found to be constitutively overproduced, with the principal cellular source for most cytokines being monocytes, implicating a non-cell-autonomous role for monocyte-derived cytokines impacting disease-propagating stem/progenitor cells in mf.The majority of cytokines elevated in mf exhibited ex vivo hypersensitivity to thrombopoietin (tpo), toll-like receptor (tlr) ligands, and/or tumor necrosis factor (tnf).A subset of this group (including tnf, il-6, il-8, il-10) was minimally sensitive to ruxolitinib.All tpo/tlr/tnf-sensitive cytokines, however, were sensitive to pharmacologic inhibition of nfκb and/or map kinase signaling.These results indicate that nfκb and map kinase signaling maintain cytokine overproduction in mf, and that inhibition of these pathways may provide optimal control of inflammatory pathophysiology in mf.

Journal: Leukemia (2019)
Publication types: Journal Article;Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Clinical Considerations in the Selection of Preexposure Prophylaxis for HIV Prevention in Canada.

According to the public health agency of canada, approximately 62,050 people were living with hiv in canada in 2018, and of those, 13% were undiagnosed.Currently, no single strategy provides complete protection or is universally effective across all demographic groups at risk for hiv.However, hiv preexposure prophylaxis (pr ep) is the newest hiv prevention strategy that shows promise.To date, two products have received an indication for pr ep by health canada: emtricitabine/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (truvada®; ftc/tdf) and emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide (descovy®; ftc/taf).Despite the high efficacy of these pr ep intervention methods, access to pr ep in canada remains low.Identifying and addressing barriers to pr ep access, especially in high-risk groups, are necessary to reduce hiv transmission in canada.While guidelines published by the center for disease control and prevention (cdc) include ftc/taf information, the efficacy of ftc/taf for pr ep has not yet been considered in canada's clinical practice guidelines.Thus, the current paper reviews data regarding the use of ftc/tdf and ftc/taf for pr ep, which may be useful for canadian healthcare providers when counseling and implementing hiv prevention methods.The authors highlight these data in relation to various at-risk populations and review ongoing clinical trials investigating novel pr ep agents.Overall, ftc/tdf pr ep is effective for many populations, including men who have sex with men, transgender women, heterosexuals with partners living with hiv, and people who use drugs.While there is fewer data reported on the efficacy of ftc/taf to date, recent clinical trials have demonstrated noninferiority of ftc/taf in comparison to ftc/tdf.Notably, as studies have shown that ftc/taf maintains renal function and bone mineral density to a greater extent than ftc/tdf, ftc/taf may be a safer option for patients experiencing renal and/or bone dysfunction, for those at risk of renal and bone complications, and for those who develop ftc/tdf-related adverse events.

Journal: The Canadian journal of infectious diseases & medical microbiology = Journal canadien des maladies infectieuses et de la microbiologie medicale (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article;Review
Evaluation of serum YKL-40 level among clinical risk scores for early mortality in acute pulmonary thromboembolism.

Introduction pulmonary embolism (pe) often occurs secondary to deep vein thrombosis and is an important cause of mortality and morbidity.This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between ykl-40 level and clinical risk score in patients with pe.Methods the study included a total of 100 patients, 80 patients diagnosed with pe in the emergency department and 20 healthy controls.Patients with pe were divided into four groups: high-risk patients (n = 20), high-intermediate-risk patients (n = 20), low-intermediate-risk patients (n = 20), and low-risk patients (n = 20).Serum ykl-40 levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Pulmonary artery obstruction index (paoi) was calculated from computed tomography angiography images.Results paoi increased in correlation with pe risk and differed significantly between all patient groups (p < 0.001).Troponin-i levels were significantly higher in the high-risk and high-intermediate-risk groups compared to the other groups (p < 0.001), but did not differ significantly between high-risk and high-intermediate-risk patients (p = 0.09).Ykl-40 level was significantly higher in the high-risk pe group than the high-intermediate-risk group (p < 0.001).In receiving operator characteristic curve analysis assessing the discriminatory value of ykl-40 for high-risk pe patients, a cut-off value of 227.2 ng/m l had sensitivity of 85 % and specificity of 70 %.Discussion ykl-40 may be an important biomarker in decisions regarding early thrombolytic treatment in patients with high-intermediate-risk pe.In addition, medical treatments targeting ykl-40 may also reduce thrombotic tendency in high-risk patient groups.

Journal: Clinical biochemistry (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
Paramedic occupational violence mitigation: a comprehensive systematic review of emergency service worker prevention strategies and experiences for use in prehospital care.

Occupational violence is a significant issue within the context of prehospital healthcare with the majority of paramedics reporting some form of abuse, intimidation, physical or sexual assault during their career.Though the paramedic literature acknowledges the severity of this issue, there is limited literature examining occupational violence mitigation strategies.Despite this, the operational and environmental similarities that exist between paramedics and other emergency service workers such as the police and firefighters, provide an opportunity to review relatable occupational violence mitigation strategies and experiences.this review used joanna briggs institute guidance for systematic reviews of both qualitative evidence and effectiveness.Studies included in this review incorporated those published in english from 1990 to january 2020.two qualitative studies met the criteria for review.From these, a total of 22 findings were extracted and combined to form four categories from which two syntheses were developed.Twenty-four quantitative studies, encompassing six unique fields, met the criteria for review.mitigation strategies for emergency service worker occupational violence are not easily defined.They are dynamic, multilayered and encompass a variety of complex social, medical and psychological influences.In spite of this, there are clear benefits to their application in regard to the approaches and training of violence mitigation.The paramedic environment would benefit from strategies that are flexible to the ongoing needs of the workers and the specific cultural, environmental and social factors that encompass the paramedic organisation.

Journal: Occupational and environmental medicine (2021)
Publication types: Journal Article;Systematic Review
Pharmacokinetics of tranexamic acid after intravenous, intramuscular, and oral routes: a prospective, randomised, crossover trial in healthy volunteers.

In response to the world health organization call for research on alternative routes for tranexamic acid (txa) administration in women with postpartum haemorrhage, we examined the pharmacokinetics of txa after i.v., i.m., or oral administration.Methods we conducted a randomised, open-label, crossover trial in 15 healthy volunteers who received i.v.Txa 1 g, i.m.Txa 1 g, or oral txa solution 2 g.Blood samples were drawn up to 24 h after administration.Tranexamic acid concentration was measured with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, and the parameters of the pharmacokinetic models were estimated using population pharmacokinetics.Results the median time to reach a concentration of 10 mg l-1was 3.5 min for the i.m.Route and 66 min for the oral route, although with the oral route the target concentration was reached in only 11 patients.Median peak concentrations were 57.5, 34.4, and 12.8 mg l-1for i.v., i.m., and oral routes, respectively.A two-compartment open model with body weight as the main covariate best fitted the data.For a 70 kg volunteer, the population estimates were 10.1 l h-1for elimination clearance, 15.6 l h-1for intercompartmental clearance, 7.7 l for the volume of central compartment, and 10.8 l for the volume of the peripheral compartment.Intramuscular and oral bioavailabilities were 1.0 and 0.47, respectively, showing that i.m.Absorption is fast and complete.Adverse events were mild and transient, mainly local reactions and low-intensity pain.Conclusions the i.m.(but not oral) route appears to be an efficient alternative to i.v.Tranexamic acid.Studies in pregnant women are needed to examine the impact of pregnancy on the pharmacokinetics.Clinical trial registration eudra ct 2019-000285-38; nct03777488.

Journal: British journal of anaesthesia (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article;Randomized Controlled Trial
Quantitative Distinction between Noble Metals Located in Mesopores from Those on the External Surface.

We compare three methods for quantitatively distinguishing the location of noble metal (nm) particles in mesopores from those found on the external support surface.Mcm-41 and sba-15 with nm located in mesopores or on the external surface were prepared and characterized by tem.31p mas nmr spectroscopy was used to quantify arylphosphines in complexes with nm.Phosphine/nm ratios drop from 2.0 to 0.2 when increasing the probe diameter from 1.08 to 1.54 nm.The reaction between nm and triphenylphosphine (tpp) within 3.0 nm mcm-41 pores takes due to confinement effects multiple weeks.In contrast, external nm react with tpp instantly.A promising method is filling the pores by using the pore volume impregnation technique with tetraethylorthosilicate (teos).Tpp loading revealed that 66 % of nms are located on the external surface of mcm-41.The pore filling method can be used in association with any probe molecule, also for the quantification of acid sites.

Journal: Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) (2021)
Publication types: Journal Article
Left atrial volume index and pulmonary arterial pressure predicted MACE among patients with STEMI during 8-year follow-up: experience from a tertiary center.

It is important to identify patients that are at high risk following primary percutaneous coronary intervention (p-pci) for the treatment of st-segment elevation myocardial infarction (stemi).Left ventricular ejection fraction (lvef) is the most important parameter obtained from transthoracic echocardiography (tte) for risk stratification.The authors evaluated the value of pulmonary artery pressure (pap) and left atrial volume index (lavi) for the prediction of major adverse cardiovascular events (mace) in patients with stemi that underwent p‐pci.Methods a total of 92 patients that underwent p‐pci for stemi were included in the study.All patients underwent tte examination before discharge.The composite primary outcome of the study was all-cause mortality and new onset heart failure (hf) during an 8-year follow-up period.Results the mean age of patients was 61.6 ± 12.4 years and 15 were female (16.3%).Major adverse cardiovascular events (mace) defined as all-cause mortality and new onset hf occurred in 30 (41%) patients during a mean of 6 ± 2.7 years of follow-up.In the backward multivariate cox regression analysis lvef (odds ratio [or] = 0.933, 95% confidence interval [ci]: 0.876-0.994, p = 0.031), lavi (or = 1.069, 95%ci: 1.017-1.124, p = 0.009), pap (or = 1.137, 95% ci: 1.057-1.223, p = 0.001) and creatinine level (or = 1.730, 95% ci: 1.350-1.223, p = 0.029) were found to independently predict mace during long-term follow-up.Receiver operating characteristic (roc) curve analysis was performed, revealing that s pap >24.5 mm hg had a sensitivity and specificity of 72 and 66%, respectively; lavi >31 ml/m2had a sensitivity and specificity of 72.2 and 83.3%, respectively.Conclusion in patients that underwent p‐pci for the treatment for stemi, lvef, lavi, pap and creatinine level independently predicted all-cause mortality and new onset hf during long-term follow-up.

Journal: Herz (2021)
Publication types: Journal Article
A Possible Novel Effect for Dapagliflozin in the Management of Subcutaneous Insulin Resistance Syndrome: A Report of Two Cases.

Introduction subcutaneous insulin resistance syndrome (sirs) is a rare condition in which patients poorly respond to subcutaneous (sc) insulin but maintain a normal response to intravenous (iv) insulin.The underlying pathophysiology remains elusive.Several treatment regimens have been tested for the management of sirs, none of which included a sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor (sglt-2).Case presentation two cases of type 1 diabetes initially achieved adequate glycemic control with subcutaneous insulin.Both cases later progressed into recurrent diabetic ketoacidosis that would resolve following iv insulin administration.Further investigation revealed unresponsiveness to sc, but not iv, insulin and the clinical diagnosis of sirs was established accordingly.Hb a1c values for cases 1 and 2 were 11% on 400 units/day of sc insulin, and 12% on 350 - 400 units/day of sc insulin, respectively.The patients required very high doses of intramuscular (im) insulin.Subsequently, dapagliflozin as adjunct therapy significantly reduced the patients' im insulin requirements beyond the anticipated dose reduction.Ultimately, case 1 achieved an hb a1c of 7 - 8% on 90 units/day of im insulin and 10 mg/day of dapagliflozin, and case 2 achieved an hb a1c of 7 - 8% on 120 units/day of im insulin and 10 mg/day of dapagliflozin.Conclusions these are the first reported cases of sirs in which dapagliflozin, an sglt-2 inhibitor, was used.The substantial reduction in the im insulin dose following the addition of dapagliflozin in our reported cases of sirs suggests a possible novel mechanism for dapagliflozin beyond its glucosuric effects.In this report, we present a hypothetical basis for this possible novel mechanism.

Journal: International journal of endocrinology and metabolism (2022)
Publication types: Case Reports;Journal Article
Triamcinolone Acetonide in the Treatment of Perennial Allergic Rhinitis: A post hoc Analysis of Quality of Life during a Phase III Study.

Introduction allergic rhinitis (ar) is a disease that affects ≤24% of people in russia, significantly impairing quality of life (qo l).Intranasal corticosteroids, such as triamcinolone acetonide (taa), are considered effective drugs for treatment.A post hoc analysis of data (phase iii nasanif trial) examined weekly qo l changes in patients receiving taa for the treatment of perennial ar (par).Methods nasanif (nct03317015) was a double-blind, parallel group, multicenter, prospective, noninferiority, phase iii clinical trial.Patients with par were randomized (1:1) to receive taa or fluticasone propionate (fp) for 4 weeks.Here, a post hoc analysis measures qo l using a shortened rhinoconjunctivitis quality of life questionnaire (mini rqlq).Differences in mini rqlq score were evaluated using a mixed linear model and descriptive statistics.A subgroup analysis was performed in patients with a previous diagnosis of allergic conjunctivitis.Results of 260 patients eligible for randomization, 128 each completed treatment with taa or fp.Overall and individual domain scores progressively improved and were significantly different versus baseline at week 4 in both treatment groups: ls mean difference taa: -30.92 (95% ci [-33.01 to -28.83]), p < 0.001, and fp: -31.13 (-33.23 to -29.04), p < 0.001.In both arms of the subgroup, there was a significant reduction in eye symptoms.There was no significant difference between the taa and fp treatment groups in any analyses.Conclusions taa is effective in improving overall and individual domains of qo l in patients with par, over 4 weeks.Patients with a previous diagnosis of allergic conjunctivitis experienced significant improvements in qo l related to the resolution of these symptoms.

Journal: International archives of allergy and immunology (2022)
Publication types: Clinical Trial, Phase III;Journal Article;Multicenter Study;Randomized Controlled Trial
An Overview of the World Current and Future Assessment of Novel COVID-19 Trajectory, Impact, and Potential Preventive Strategies at Healthcare Settings.

This study is an overview of the current and future trajectory, as well as the impact of the novel coronavirus (covid-19) in the world and selected countries including the state of kuwait.The selected countries were divided into two groups: group a (china, switzerland, and ireland) and group b (usa, brazil, and india) based on their outbreak containment of this virus.Then, the actual data for each country were fitted to a regression model utilizing the excel solver software to assess the current and future trajectory of novel covid-19 and its impact.In addition, the data were fitted using the susceptible-infected-recovered (sir) model.The group a trajectory showed an "s" shape trend that suited a logistic function with r2> 0.97, which is an indication of the outbreak control.The sir models for the countries in this group showed that they passed the expected 99% end of pandemic dates.Group b, however, exhibited a continuous increase of the total covid-19 new cases, that best suited an exponential growth model with r2> 0.97, which meant that the outbreak is still uncontrolled.The sir models for the countries in this group showed that they are still relatively far away from reaching the expected 97% end of pandemic dates.The maximum death percentage varied from 3.3% (india) to 7.2% with usa recording the highest death percentage, which is virtually equal to the maximum death percentage of the world (7.3%).The power of the exponential model determines the severity of the country's trajectory that ranged from 11 to 19 with the usa and brazil having the highest values.The maximum impact of this covid-19 pandemic occurred during the uncontrolled stage (2), which mainly depended on the deceptive stage (1).Further, some novel potential containment strategies are discussed.Results from both models showed that the group a countries contained the outbreak, whereas the group b countries still have not reached this stage yet.Early measures and containment strategies are imperative in suppressing the spread of covid-19.

Journal: International journal of environmental research and public health (2020)
Publication types: Journal Article;Review
Analysis of Structural Development and Defects during the Anisotropic Growth of Silicon.

High-performance polysilicon (p-si) is fundamental as a resource for manufacturing semiconductor devices with high photoelectric properties.However, experimentally characterizing the solidification process in detail has been difficult on account of the extremely rapid cooling rate and limited available characterization methods.Therefore, this study used molecular dynamics (md) to investigate si crystallization behavior through directional solidification at different cooling rates.The entire system was first analyzed in terms of energy and radial distribution function, after which the microstructural evolution was characterized by visualization.Results indicated that the cooling rate significantly affected the directional solidification of si, and an excessively high cooling rate resulted in a decrease in the long-range order of the system.At the same cooling rate, the crystallization rates of (1 0 0), (1 1 0), and (1 1 1) crystal faces followed a descending order.The configurations of the s-l interface with different crystal faces were distinct.Specifically, while the atom numbers of defect structures that were formed in systems of (1 0 0) and (1 1 0) crystal faces were few, those formed in the (1 1 1) crystal face were more.It was difficult for the (1 0 0) crystal face to form dislocations regardless of the crystallization degree at different cooling rates, and the (1 1 0) crystal face only formed a few dislocations at high cooling rates.Dislocations formed at all cooling rates during the directional solidification of the (1 1 1) crystal face, and there was a weak correlation between the number of dislocations and cooling rates.Twinning mainly occurred during the solidification process of the (1 1 1) crystal face, and there was no obvious linear relation between its number and the cooling rate.Moreover, when high-energy dislocations occurred more often, the system stability decreased.Overall, this work will be helpful to understand the commonness and difference in directional solidification of si with different crystal faces at different cooling rates.

Journal: The journal of physical chemistry. B (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
Simultaneous determination of succinylcholine and its metabolite in animal-derived foods by solid-phase extraction combined with ultra-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry.

Rationale succinylcholine has been increasingly used in the theft of animals.Because of the presence of residual levels of succinylcholine in poisoned animals, it is harmful for people to eat foods derived from these animals.Therefore, a method should be immediately established to determine succinylcholine and its metabolite in animal-derived foods.Methods a fast, highly sensitive method, combining solid-phase extraction (spe) with ultra-performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (uplc/esi-ms/ms), was developed for the determination of succinylcholine and its metabolite in animal-derived foods.The sample was initially extracted with heptafluorobutyric acid and then further cleaned up using an spe cartridge.Succinylcholine and its metabolite were separated using acetonitrile: 0.1% formic acid in 5 mmol l-1ammonium acetate as the mobile phase.Quantitative results were based on positive ion esi multiple reaction monitoring mode.Results the results show good linearity over a wide range with correlation coefficients of determination of more than 0.998.Both the limits of detection of succinylcholine and succinylmonocholine are 0.2 μg kg-1.The intra- and inter-day accuracies of the method are in the range 91.4%-104.6%, and the intra- and inter-day precisions are in the range 2.5%-6.6%.Conclusions this method can be used for the determination of succinylcholine as an illicit drug in animal-derived foods.It was successfully applied to the identification and quantification of succinylcholine and succinylmonocholine in animal-derived foods collected from a local farmers market in jilin province of china.

Journal: Rapid communications in mass spectrometry : RCM (2020)
Publication types: Journal Article