syedzayyan/paper_mill_benchmark huggingface dataset:
Leachability of heavy metals in loess-amended dredged sediment from Northwest of China.

Considerable studies have been done on heavy metal removing from aqueous solutions using loess.However, application of loess to heavy metal contaminated sediment is limited.The present study was to determine the effectiveness of loess to immobilize cu, zn, cd and pb in sediment.The loess was incubated with 10 kg wet sediment in doses of 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 5, 10 and 20 kg for 70 d and then subjected to the toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (tclp).The possible mechanisms for heavy metal immobilization were illustrated using x-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscope.Results from tclp confirmed loess reduced leaching rate of cu and zn achieving up to 42.4% and 17.6% reductions, respectively, when compared with untreated sediment.The loess could significantly immobilize cu and zn in sediment, and the optimum dose of loess in 10 kg wet sediment was 5 kg.However, loess was inefficient for cd and pb immobilization.Correlation analysis showed that tclp extraction method could be used to predict the toxicity of cu, zn, cd and pb in the loess-amended sediment.The p h, ec, om and ca co3of the loess-amended sediment played predominant roles in the tclp leaching test.

Journal: Ecotoxicology and environmental safety (2019)
Publication types: Journal Article
Knowledge of Tetrahydrocannabinol and Cannabidiol Levels Among Cannabis Consumers in the United States and Canada.

This study aimed to examine consumer knowledge of tetrahydrocannabinol (thc) and cannabidiol (cbd) levels for usual cannabis products.methods:data are from the international cannabis policy study conducted online in august-september 2018.Respondents included 6471 past 12-month cannabis users, aged 16-65 years, recruited from the nielsen global insights consumer panel using nonprobability methods.Respondents were recruited from canada, which had not yet legalized nonmedical cannabis (n=2354), and us states that had (n=2160) and had not (n=1957) legalized nonmedical cannabis.results:participants reported descriptive thc:cbd ratios (e.g., high thc, low cbd) and numeric thc and cbd levels (mg or %) for products they usually use in each of nine product categories.Few consumers knew and were able to report the numeric thc or cbd levels of their usual cannabis products.For example, only 10% of dried herb consumers reported the thc level, approximately 30% of whom reported implausible values.A greater proportion of consumers reported a descriptive thc:cbd ratio of their usual product, ranging from 50.9% of edible users to 78.2% of orally ingested oil users.Consumers were substantially more likely to report products high in thc versus low in thc for all products except topicals and tinctures, whereas similar proportions reported using products high and low in cbd.Despite some evidence of greater knowledge in legal jurisdictions, knowledge was still low in states with legal cannabis markets.conclusions:consumer knowledge of thc and cbd levels was low, with only modest differences between consumers living in jurisdictions that had and had not legalized nonmedical cannabis.The findings cast doubt on the validity of self-reported cannabinoid levels.

Journal: Cannabis and cannabinoid research (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
The epidemiology of falls in Portugal: An analysis of hospital admission data.

Falls are a common cause of injury and pose an increased risk of morbidity, mortality, and lifelong disability.Falls encompass a troublesome definition and can pose challenges in epidemiological studies.Data on fall-related hospital admissions in portugal remain unpublished.This study aimed to examine the epidemiology of fall-related hospital admissions in the portuguese population between 2010 and 2018.It also aimed to examine annual rates of fall-related hospital admissions using three methodological approaches.Methods the portuguese hospital morbidity database was used to identify all cases resulting in one or more inpatient admission in public hospitals related to falls from 2010 to 2018.Fall-related hospital admissions were described by age groups, sex, geographical area of residence, and type of fall.Annual rates were computed using three approaches: i) based on the number of inpatient admissions with an icd code of fall, ii) based on the number of patients admitted to inpatient care with an icd code of fall, and iii) based on the number of inpatient admissions with a principal diagnosis of injury.Results between 2010 and 2018, 383,016 fall-related admissions occurred in 344,728 patients, corresponding to 2.1% of the total number of hospitalizations during the same period.Higher rates were seen among the younger (20-25) and the oldest age groups (+85), males until the age of 60, females from the age of 60, and areas of residence with a higher aging index.An overall rate of falls per 100,000 population was estimated at 414 (based on number of admissions), 373 (based on number of patients) and 353 (based on number of admissions with a principal diagnosis of injury).Conclusions this study provides an overall picture of the landscape of falls in a scarcely explored setting.The results aim to contribute to identifying appropriate preventive interventions and policies for these populations.

Journal: PloS one (2021)
Publication types: Journal Article;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Youth peer crowds and risk of cigarette use: The effects of dual peer crowd identification among hip hop youth.

Introduction recent research has found that the hip hop peer crowd has a strong link to risky health behaviors, including tobacco use.The current study expands on previous research on the hip hop peer crowd by investigating the nuances of the effects on cigarette risk that hip hop identification has in combination with other peer crowds.Methods targeted social media advertisements were used to recruit youth to complete an online survey.Participants (n= 4681) self-reported peer crowd identification via the i-base surveytm, and cigarette smoking status.Smoking status was compared between peer crowd groups consisting of participants who had identification with only one peer crowd, and those who had identification with the hip hop peer crowd and one other crowd (i.e., hip hop dual peer crowd identification).Results significant differences in cigarette status were observed among the dual and single peer crowd groups.Specifically, differences in cigarette non-susceptible non-triers and experimenters demonstrated that youth who identified as mainstream only were at lowest risk while youth who identified as hip hop/alternative had the highest rates of cigarette experimentation.There were no differences between peer crowd groups on proportions of susceptible non-triers.Conclusions examining dual peer crowd identifications provides a nuanced understanding of risk.Dual identification with hip hop seems to have differential effects compared to solo identification with other crowds, whereby hip hop identification may increase cigarette experimentation when combined with another peer crowd.Findings demonstrate the potential of considering multiple peer crowd identification to inform public education campaign development.

Journal: Addictive behaviors reports (2019)
Publication types: Journal Article
Lifelong multilineage contribution by embryonic-born blood progenitors.

Haematopoietic stem cells (hscs) arise in the embryo from the arterial endothelium through a process known as the endothelial-to-haematopoietic transition (eht)1-4.This process generates hundreds of blood progenitors, of which a fraction go on to become definitive hscs.It is generally thought that most adult blood is derived from those hscs, but to what extent other progenitors contribute to adult haematopoiesis is not known.Here we use in situ barcoding and classical fate mapping to assess the developmental and clonal origins of adult blood in mice.Our analysis uncovers an early wave of progenitor specification-independent of traditional hscs-that begins soon after eht.These embryonic multipotent progenitors (e mpps) predominantly drive haematopoiesis in the young adult, have a decreasing yet lifelong contribution over time and are the predominant source of lymphoid output.Putative e mpps are specified within intra-arterial haematopoietic clusters and represent one fate of the earliest haematopoietic progenitors.Altogether, our results reveal functional heterogeneity during the definitive wave that leads to distinct sources of adult blood.

Journal: Nature (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
Alkylating and oxidative stresses in smoking and non-smoking patients with COPD: Implications for lung carcinogenesis.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) is a disease characterized by chronic inflammation and irreversible airway obstruction.Cigarette smoking is the predominant risk factor for developing copd.It is well-known that the copd is also strongly associated with an increased risk of developing lung cancer.Cigarette smoke contains elevated concentrations of oxidants and various carcinogens (e.g., tobacco-derived nitrosamines) that can cause oxidative and alkylating stresses, which can also arise from inflammation.However, it is surprising that, except for oxidative stress, little information is available on the burden of alkylating stress and the detoxification efficiency of tobacco-derived carcinogens in copd patients.In this study, we used lc-ms/ms to measure the archetypical tobacco-specific carcinogenic 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (nnk), its major metabolite, 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (nnal), three biomarkers of oxidative stress (8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine, 8-oxo gua; 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine, 8-oxod guo; 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanosine, 8-oxo guo) and two biomarkers of alkylating stress (n7-methylguanine, n7-me gua and n3-methyladenine, n3-me ade), in the urine of smoking and non-smoking copd patients and healthy controls.Our results showed that not only was oxidative stress significantly elevated in the copd patients compared to the controls, but also alkylating stress.Significantly, levels of alkylating stress (i.e., n7-me gua) were highly correlated with the copd severity and not affected by age and smoking status.Furthermore, copd smokers had significantly higher ratios of free nnal to the total nnal than control smokers, implying a lower detoxification efficiency of nnk in copd smokers.This ratio was even higher in copd smokers with stages 3-4 than in copd smokers with stages 1-2.Taken together, our results demonstrated that the detoxification efficiency of tobacco-derived carcinogens (e.g., nnk) was associated with the pathogenesis and possibly the progression of copd.In addition to oxidative stress, alkylating stress derived from chronic inflammation appears to be also dominant in copd patients.

Journal: Free radical biology & medicine (2021)
Publication types: Journal Article;Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Sorption-enhanced gasification of municipal solid waste for hydrogen production: a comparative techno-economic analysis using limestone, dolomite and doped limestone.

Sorption-enhanced gasification has been shown as a viable low-carbon alternative to conventional gasification, as it enables simultaneous gasification with in-situ co2capture to enhance the production of h2.Ca o-based sorbents have been a preferred choice due to their low cost and wide availability.This work assessed the technical and economic viability of sorption-enhanced gasification using natural limestone, doped limestone with seawater and dolomite.The techno-economic performance of the sorption-enhanced gasification using different sorbents was compared with that of conventional gasification.Regarding the thermodynamic performance, dolomite presented the worst performance (46.0% of h2production efficiency), whereas doped limestone presented the highest h2production efficiency (50.0%).The use of dolomite also resulted in the highest levelised cost of hydrogen (5.4 €/kg against 5.0 €/kg when limestone is used as sorbent), which translates into a co2avoided cost ranging between 114.9 €/t co2(natural limestone) and 130.4 €/t co2(dolomite).Although doped limestone has shown a co2avoided cost of 117.7 €/t co2, this can be reduced if the production cost of doped limestone is lower than 42.6 €/t.The production costs of new sorbents for co2capture and h2production need to be similar to that of natural limestone to become an attractive alternative to natural limestone.Supplementary information the online version contains supplementary material available at .

Journal: Biomass conversion and biorefinery (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
Early treatment for IgG4-related disease may prevent cognitive impairment caused by cerebral vasculitis: A case report and review of the literature.

Ig g4-related disease (ig g4-rd) is a recently recognized disease entity.A 74-year-old male presented with transient headache.He was diagnosed ig g4-rd by pancreatic biopsy at the age of 72.Magnetic resonance imaging (mri) showed disseminated cerebral microbleeds and microinfarctions in time and space.It suggested cerebral vasculitis, however any causative factor were not confirmed.Ig g4-rd rarely causes cerebral vasculitis.This might be a first case of an asymptomatic cerebral vasculitis due to ig g4-rd.Patient was started on oral prednisolone, and no neurological or neuropsychological symptom was clinically observed.The mri findings improved after treatment, and revealed no indication of newly lesions at 6-months follow-up.Early treatment for ig g4-rd may be recommended to prevent irreversible cognitive dysfunction.

Journal: eNeurologicalSci (2018)
Publication types: Case Reports;Journal Article
Navigating radial artery loops in neurointerventions.

Although studies continue to demonstrate lower complications in neurointerventions using transradial access (tra) compared with transfemoral approaches, anatomic radial variants can be difficult to navigate and remain one of the frequent causes of access site conversion.Objective to evaluate predictors of tra failure in neuroendovascular patients with radial loops and suggest a protocol for managing these anomalies.Methods a prospective collection of patients undergoing tra at participating institutions from july 2018 to september 2020 was reviewed.Patients with a radial loop were identified.Patient demographics and procedural characteristics were evaluated to determine predictors of both tra failure and successful reduction of the radial loop.Results we identified 32 transradial neurointerventions in which patients had radial loops.Twenty-two (68.8%) were identified by diagnostic angiography, and the majority were performed for evaluation or treatment of an aneurysm (56.3%).Tra failure occurred in 13 (40.6%) of the cohort and happened more frequently in patients over 60 years of age (p=0.01) and those with recurrent radial artery diameters ≤2 mm (p=0.02).Of the 19 patients who had successful tra, 12 (63.2%) procedures were performed through the recurrent radial artery.Conclusion although radial loops are associated with high transradial failure rates, our results suggest that the presence of a loop is not an absolute contraindication to tra.Therefore, we recommend attempting loop navigation using our protocol.Patient age, vascular tortuosity, and recurrent radial artery size should help dictate when to convert to an alternative access site.

Journal: Journal of neurointerventional surgery (2021)
Publication types: Journal Article
Association of a novel Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor (GM-CSF)-3928C/T and GM-CSF(3606T⁄C) Promoter gene polymorphisms with the pathogenesis and severity of acne vulgaris: A case-controlled study.

Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (gm-csf) is believed to play an important role in the development of acne vulgaris.Aim of the work to investigate the presence of gm-csf 3928c/t and gm-csf 3606 t/c promoter gene polymorphisms in egyptian acne patients.Methods to examine whether gm-csf single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) are associated with susceptibility to acne vulgaris (av), we investigated the genotype and allele frequencies of the snp 3928c/t and 3606t⁄c of the gm-csf gene in 100 egyptian acne patients (29 with mild acne, 38 with moderate acne, and 33 with severe acne) and 100 controls, using a pcr restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) method.Results there was a highly significant difference in genotype and allele frequencies of the 3928c/t group between patients with acne vulgaris and controls for the snp site.Regarding the 3606 t/c subgroup only a marginal significant difference was found between cases and controls in tc pattern (p = 0.039); with the tc genotype appearing more in cases (53% of patients) than controls (35% of healthy controls).Conclusion we report a novel gm-csf 3928c/t promoter gene polymorphism contributing to the pathogenesis of acne in egyptian population.

Journal: Journal of cosmetic dermatology (2021)
Publication types: Journal Article
Quantitative STEM imaging of electron beam induced mass loss of epoxy resin sections.

In sample preparation of biological samples for electron microscopy, many types of embedding media are widely used.Unfortunately, none of them is perfectly resistant to beam induced damage.The article is focused on mass loss measuring of pure epoxy resin embed 812 that replaced epon - the most widely used embedding resin for biological electron microscopy, in a form of ultrathin sections with thicknesses ranging from 30 to 100 nm.The stem imaging was performed in a quantitative way which allowed us to estimate the mass loss directly up to the total dose of 3000 e-/nm2.For data acquisition we used sem equipped with a commercial stem detector working at a relatively low acceleration voltage of 30 k v.In this study we estimated the influence of various factors which can affect the endurance of the epoxy resin embed 812 ultrathin sections under an electron beam, such as the sample aging, differences between storing the samples in forms of ultrathin sections and whole blocks, ultrathin sections thicknesses, temperature of the sample, probe current, and one or two-sided carbon coating of ultrathin sections.The aim of this work is to investigate beam induced mass loss at electron energies of sem and find out how to reduce the mass loss.

Journal: Ultramicroscopy (2019)
Publication types: Journal Article;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
A hospital-based analysis of pseudomeningoceles after elective craniotomy in children: what predicts need for intervention?

In pediatric patients, the development of a postoperative pseudomeningocele after an elective craniotomy is not unusual.Most will resolve with time, but some may require intervention.In this study, the authors analyzed patients who required intervention for a postoperative pseudomeningocele following an elective craniotomy or craniectomy and identified factors associated with the need for intervention.Methods an institutional operative database of elective craniotomies and craniectomies was queried to identify all surgeries associated with development of a postoperative pseudomeningocele from january 1, 2010, to december 31, 2017.Demographic and surgical data were collected, as were details regarding postoperative events and interventions during either the initial admission or upon readmission.A bivariate analysis was performed to compare patients who underwent observation with those who required intervention.Results following 1648 elective craniotomies or craniectomies, 84 (5.1%) clinically significant pseudomeningoceles were identified in 82 unique patients.Of these, 58 (69%) of the pseudomeningoceles were diagnosed during the index admission (8 of which persisted and resulted in readmission), and 26 (31%) were diagnosed upon readmission.Forty-nine patients (59.8% of those with a pseudomeningocele) required one or more interventions, such as lumbar puncture(s), lumbar drain placement, wound exploration, or shunt placement or revision.Only race (p < 0.01) and duraplasty (p = 0.03, or 3.0) were associated with the need for pseudomeningocele treatment.Conclusions clinically relevant pseudomeningoceles developed in 5% of patients undergoing an elective craniotomy, with 60% of these pseudomeningoceles needing some form of intervention.The need for intervention was associated with race and whether a duraplasty was performed.

Journal: Journal of neurosurgery. Pediatrics (2020)
Publication types: Journal Article
PotentialTreponema denticola-based periodontal vaccine to resolve a global public health challenge: a narrative literature review.

Introduction periodontitis is a diseased condition of the gum which imposes considerable costs on healthcare systems.It progresses further beyond the inflammation of supportive tissues of the teeth, and the collateral damages are closely associated with alzheimer's disease, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes mellitus.Areas covered a comprehensive literature review was performed to summarize published studies in english during the period of 1990-2021 to discuss the rationales for developing periodontal vaccine, cost-effectiveness analyses on the prevention of periodontitis,treponema denticola-based vaccine candidates, as well as immunological mechanisms in animal models.Expert opinion preventive strategies against periodontitis may halt the onset of gum inflammation and the consequent chronic diseases.Considering the multi-microbial condition of periodontitis, an ideal periodontal vaccine should target multiple pathological pathways.Preventive approaches compared to surgical treatments evidently have significant impact on the healthcare budget and long-term health of the individuals in different communities.Despite many advances in periodontal vaccine research, there are still significant hurdles to overcome in developing a vaccine.Investment in research and development activities on key periodontal pathogens including treponema denticolaand porphyromonas gingivalisin the foreseeable future is a worthy and cost-effective approach for the policymakers to prevent deleterious impacts of periodontitis.

Journal: Expert review of vaccines (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article;Review
The extracellular matrix molecules versican and hyaluronan in urethral and vaginal tissues in stress urinary incontinence.

Abnormal extracellular matrix (ecm) changes are correlated with stress urinary incontinence (sui).The ecm components versican (vcan) and hyaluronan (ha) play key roles in regulating tissue inflammation and maintaining connective tissue homeostasis.We analyzed the localization and expression of these ecm components in urethral and vaginal tissues from a rat model of urinary incontinence and from human clinical specimens.Methods nulliparous rats underwent vaginal distension (vd), a rodent model of sui, or a sham procedure.Tissues were harvested from six rats per group at days 1, 4, and 21 for immunohistochemistry and rna expression analysis of ecm components.Periurethral vaginal samples from female patients with sui were also examined.Results high-intensity staining for vcan was observed 1 day after procedure in both control and vd animals.This level of abundance persisted at day 4 in vd compared to control, with concurrent reduced messenger rna (m rna) expression of the vcan-degrading enzymes adamts5 and adamts9 and reduced staining for the vcan cleavage epitope dpeaae.Abundance of ha was not different between vd and control, however m rna expression of the ha synthase has2 was significantly reduced in vd tissues at day 4.Abundant vcan staining was observed in 60% of sui patient samples, which was strongest in regions of disrupted elastin.Conclusion reduction of vcan-degrading enzymes and ha synthases at day 4 postsurgery indicates a potential delay in ecm turnover associated with sui.Abundant vcan is associated with inflammation and elastin fiber network disruption, warranting further investigation to determine its role in sui pathogenesis.

Journal: Neurourology and urodynamics (2021)
Publication types: Journal Article;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't