syedzayyan/paper_mill_benchmark huggingface dataset:
Social Determinants of Adherence to COVID-19 Preventive Guidelines in Iran: A Qualitative Study.

Introduction adherence to covid-19 preventative guidelines may be influenced by a variety of factors at the individual, societal, and institutional levels.The current study sought to investigate the social factors of adherence to those preventive measures from the perspective of health professionals.Methods in october 2020, we performed qualitative research in tehran, iran, using the directed content analysis method.For the preparation of our interview guide and data analysis, we employed the who conceptual framework of socioeconomic determinants of health.Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 15 health professionals and policymakers who were chosen using a purposive sampling approach.Maxqda-18 software was used to analyze the data.The goba and lincoln criteria were used to assess the quality of the results.Results there are 23 subcategories and 9 categories, which include socio-economic and political context (unstable macroeconomic environment, poor management of the pandemic, media and knowledge transfer), cultural and social values (fatalism, cultural norms, value conflicts, social customs), socio-economic positions (livelihood conditions), social capital (social cohesion, low trust), living conditions (housing conditions), occupational conditions (precarious employment), individual characteristics (demographic characteristics, personality traits, covid-19 knowledge, and attitude), psycho-social factors (normalization of the disease, social pressure, and stigma), and health system leadership (health system problems, not taking evidence-based decisions, non-comprehensive preventive guidelines, non-operational guidelines, inadequate executive committee) were obtained.Conclusion to limit the new covid-19 transmission, people must be encouraged to follow covid-19 prevention instructions.Improving adherence to covid-19 preventive guidelines necessitates dealing with the complexities of responding to social determinants of those guidelines.Increasing public health literacy and knowledge of covid-19, informing people about the consequences of social interactions and cultural customs in the spread of covid-19, strengthening regulatory lockdown laws, improving guarantees for adhering to preventive guidelines, providing easy access to preventive supplies, and strengthening financial support for households with precarious employment are all important.

Journal: Inquiry : a journal of medical care organization, provision and financing (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
Color morphology of Diaphorina citri influences interactions with its bacterial endosymbionts and 'Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus'.

Diaphorina citri is a vector of 'candidatus liberibacter asiaticus,' (clas), associated with huanglongbing, (hlb, or citrus greening) disease in citrus.D.Citri exhibits three different color morph variants, blue, gray and yellow.Blue morphs have a greater capacity for long-distance flight as compared to non-blue morphs, but little else is known about how color morphology influences vector characteristics.In this study, we show that the color morphology of the insect is derived from pigmented cells of the fat body.Blue morphs acquire a lower level of clas in their bodies from infected trees as compared to their gray and yellow conspecifics, referred to in this paper collectively as non-blue morphs.Accordingly, clas titer in citrus leaves inoculated by non-blue insects was 6-fold higher than in leaves inoculated by blue insects.Blue color morphs harbored lower titers of wolbachia and 'candidatus profftella armatura,' two of the d.Citri bacterial endosymbionts.Expression of hemocyanin, a copper-binding oxygen transport protein responsible for the blue coloration of hemolymph of other arthropods and mollusks, was previously correlated with blue color morphology and is highly up-regulated in insects continuously reared on clas infected citrus trees.Based on our results, we hypothesized that a reduction of hemocyanin expression would reduce the d.Citri immune response and an increase in the titer of clas would be observed.Surprisingly, a specific 3-fold reduction of hemocyanin-1 transcript levels using rna silencing in blue adult d.Citri morphs had an approximately 2-fold reduction on the titer of clas.These results suggest that hemocyanin signaling from the fat body may have multiple functions in the regulation of bacterial titers in d.Citri, and that hemocyanin is one of multiple psyllid genes involved in regulating clas titer.

Journal: PloS one (2019)
Publication types: Journal Article;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't;Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
Single best answer question-writing tips for clinicians.

Assessment is essential for progression in medical careers.Thus, an important aspect of developing as a clinical teacher is the ability to produce high-quality assessments for junior colleagues.The single best answer (sba) question format is becoming ubiquitous in the assessment of the application of knowledge in clinical medicine; writing this style of examination question can be a challenge.This concise guide highlights key sba question-writing tips, aiming to help aspiring clinical teachers set high-quality knowledge assessments.

Journal: Postgraduate medical journal (2017)
Publication types: Journal Article
Drivers of the Intention to Receive a COVID-19 Booster Vaccine: Insights from the UK and Australia.

As the global pandemic perpetuates, keeping the population vaccinated will be imperative to maintain societal protection from the sars-co v-2 (covid-19) virus.However, while empirical evidence regarding predictors of the intention to receive a first covid-19 vaccine has amassed, our understanding regarding the psychological and behavioral drivers of continued covid-19 vaccination remains limited.In this pre-registered study (uk: as predicted#78370|australia: as predicted#81667), factors predicting the intention to receive a covid-19 booster vaccine were investigated in two adult samples from the uk (n= 1222) and australia (n= 1197) that were nationally representative on factors of age, gender, and geographic location.High levels of booster intent were found (73% and 67%, respectively).Exploratory structural equation modelling (esem) revealed three key predictors of the intention to receive a booster vaccine that emerged across both uk and australian samples: concern regarding the covid-19 virus, positive perceptions of the covid-19 vaccines, and the perceived severity of side effects experienced to the last covid-19 vaccine dose.Several additional factors (age, months since the last covid-19 vaccine, familiarity with side effects, and regularly receiving the influenza vaccine) were present in the australian dataset.These findings provide important evidence that targeting psychological perceptions of the covid-19 vaccine and virus may serve to maintain participation in the covid-19 vaccination programme, paving the way for future behavioural research in this area.

Journal: Vaccines (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
Relationship Between Spiritual Well-Being and Hope in Patients with Cardiovascular Disease.

Spirituality and hope have been identified as important constructs in health research, since both are thought to enhance a person's ability to cope with the consequences of serious illness.The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between spiritual well-being and hope in patients with cardiovascular disease.Using descriptive, correlational methodology, the investigator gathered data on a convenience sample of 500 patients with cardiovascular disease who were hospitalized in a medical institution in iran.The study was conducted over a four-month period.Participants completed a demographic questionnaire, the spiritual well-being scale (swbs) and the herth hope index (hhi).The mean score on the swbs and hhi was 86.21 (sd 12.46) and 34.80 (sd 5.05), respectively.Multivariate predictors for spiritual well-being were female gender (p = 0.047), religiosity (p = 0.018), and hope (p < 0.001).Significant predictors of hope were marital status (p < 0.001), educational status (p < 0.001), economic status (p < 0.001), and spiritual well-being (p < 0.001).Findings suggest that multiple factors may impact spiritual well-being and hope.Therefore, this study has implications for those providing care to patients with cardiovascular disease.

Journal: Journal of religion and health (2018)
Publication types: Journal Article
A Saccharomyces eubayanus haploid resource for research studies.

Since its identification, saccharomyces eubayanus has been recognized as the missing parent of the lager hybrid, s.Pastorianus.This wild yeast has never been isolated from fermentation environments, thus representing an interesting candidate for evolutionary, ecological and genetic studies.However, it is imperative to develop additional molecular genetics tools to ease manipulation and thus facilitate future studies.With this in mind, we generated a collection of stable haploid strains representative of three main lineages described in s.Eubayanus (pb-1, pb-2 and pb-3), by deleting the ho gene using crispr-cas9 and tetrad micromanipulation.Phenotypic characterization under different conditions demonstrated that the haploid derivates were extremely similar to their parental strains.Genomic analysis in three strains highlighted a likely low frequency of off-targets, and sequencing of a single tetrad evidenced no structural variants in any of the haploid spores.Finally, we demonstrate the utilization of the haploid set by challenging the strains under mass-mating conditions.In this way, we found that s.Eubayanus under liquid conditions has a preference to remain in a haploid state, unlike s.Cerevisiae that mates rapidly.This haploid resource is a novel set of strains for future yeast molecular genetics studies.

Journal: Scientific reports (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
The role of p53 and p21 on 8-chloro-adenosine-induced cellular response.

8-chloro-adenosine (8-cl-ado) is currently in phase i clinical trial.Activation of p53 and transactivation of p21 regulate cell fate after genotoxic insult.Using hct-116-isogenic-cell-lines, we evaluated the role of p53/p21 after 8-cl-ado-mediated response.Following 30 μm 8-cl-ado treatment, rna synthesis was inhibited, p53 protein was stabilized, and p21 expression was activated.None of the cell types were arrested in g1/s phase, however, cells lacking p53 were blocked in g2/m.These cells had the least increase in apoptotic cells, although clonogenic survival demonstrated equal inhibition in all 4 cell types.Collectively, irrespective of p53 and p21 status, 8-cl-ado-induced cytotoxicity was similar.

Journal: Nucleosides, nucleotides & nucleic acids (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
Interfacial engineering of heterostructured Fe-Ni3S2/Ni(OH)2nanosheets with tailored d-band center for enhanced oxygen evolution catalysis.

Hydrogen production by electrochemical water splitting suffers from high kinetic barriers in the anodic oxygen evolution reaction (oer), which limits the overall efficiency.Herein, we report a structural and electronic engineering strategy by integrating self-standing fe-doped ni3s2(denoted by fe-ni3s2) nanosheet arrays with ni(oh)2subunits to form heterostructured fe-ni3s2/ni(oh)2on a ni foam substrate.The strong electronic interaction between the fe-ni3s2and ni(oh)2constituents contributes abundant catalytic sites and ensures high electron transfer.Moreover, the combined experimental and theoretical study revealed that the coupling of ni(oh)2onto the fe-ni3s2is favorable for lowering the activation energy of water oxidation for favorable oer kinetics and upshifting the ni d-band center to facilitate the adsorption of o-containing intermediates.Consequently, the optimized fe-ni3s2/ni(oh)2hybrid catalyst exhibits excellent oer performance in alkaline electrolytes with an ultralow overpotential of 202 m v at 10 m a cm-2, a small tafel slope of 50.6 m v dec-1, and long-term durability under high current density (0.25 a cm-2) for up to 60 h without significant deactivation.Moreover, a two-electrode fe-ni3s2/ni(oh)2||pt/c electrolyzer requires only a low voltage of 1.54 v at 10 m a cm-2for overall water splitting.This study emphasizes the importance of interface and surface engineering in achieving highly efficient electrocatalysts.

Journal: Dalton transactions (Cambridge, England : 2003) (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
Transstadial Transmission and Replication Kinetics of West Nile Virus Lineage 1 in Laboratory RearedIxodes ricinusTicks.

West nile virus (wnv) is a mosquito-borne agent that has also been isolated from several tick species.Vector competence of ixodes ricinus, one of the most common tick species in europe, has been poorly investigated for wnv to date.As such, to evaluate the vector competence, laboratory reared ixodes ricinusnymphs were in vitro fed with wnv lineage 1 infectious blood, allowed to molt, and the resulting females artificially fed to study the virus transmission.Furthermore, we studied the kinetics of wnv replication in ticks after infecting nymphs using an automatic injector.Active replication of wnv was detected in injected nymphs from day 7 post-infection until 28 dpi.In the nymphs infected by artificial feeding, the transstadial transmission of wnv was confirmed molecularly in 46.7% of males, while virus transmission during in vitro feeding of i.Ricinusfemales originating from infected nymphs was not registered.The long persistence of wnv in i.Ricinusticks did not correlate with the transmission of the virus and it is unlikely that i.Ricinusrepresents a competent vector.However, there is a potential reservoir role that this tick species can play, with hosts potentially acquiring the viral agent after ingesting the infected ticks.

Journal: Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) (2020)
Publication types: Journal Article
Lipase regulation of cellular fatty acid homeostasis as a Parkinson's disease therapeutic strategy.

Synucleinopathy (parkinson's disease (pd); lewy body dementia) disease-modifying treatments represent a huge unmet medical need.Although the pd-causing protein α-synuclein (αs) interacts with lipids and fatty acids (fa) physiologically and pathologically, targeting fa homeostasis for therapeutics is in its infancy.We identified the pd-relevant target stearoyl-co a desaturase: inhibiting monounsaturated fa synthesis reversed pd phenotypes.However, lipid degradation also generates fa pools.Here, we identify the rate-limiting lipase enzyme, lipe, as a candidate target.Decreasing lipe in human neural cells reduced αs inclusions.Patient αs triplication vs.Corrected neurons had increased p ser129 and insoluble αs and decreased αs tetramer:monomer ratios.Lipe inhibition rescued all these and the abnormal unfolded protein response.Lipe inhibitors decreased p ser129 and restored tetramer:monomer equilibrium in αs e46k-expressing human neurons.Lipe reduction in vivo alleviated αs-induced dopaminergic neurodegeneration in caenorhabditis elegans.Co-regulating fa synthesis and degradation proved additive in rescuing pd phenotypes, signifying co-targeting as a therapeutic strategy.

Journal: NPJ Parkinson's disease (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
Photothermal Self-Excitation of a Phase-Controlled Microcantilever for Viscosity or Viscoelasticity Sensing.

This work presents a feedback closed-loop platform to be used for viscosity or viscoelasticity sensing of newtonian or non-newtonian fluids.The system consists of a photothermally excited microcantilever working in a digital phase-locked loop, in which the phase between the excitation signal to the cantilever and the reference demodulating signals is chosen and imposed in the loop.General analytical models to describe the frequency and amplitude of oscillation of the cantilever immersed in viscous and viscoelastic fluids are derived and validated against experiments.In particular, the sensitivity of the sensor to variations of viscosity of newtonian fluids, or to variations of elastic/viscous modulus of non-newtonian fluids, are studied.Interestingly, it is demonstrated the possibility of controlling the sensitivity of the system to variations of these parameters by choosing the appropriate imposed phase in the loop.A working point with maximum sensitivity can be used for real-time detection of small changes of rheological parameters with low-noise and fast-transient response.Conversely, a working point with zero sensitivity to variations of rheological parameters can be potentially used to decouple the effect of simultaneous external factors acting on the resonator.

Journal: Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
The effect of phenobarbital treatment on behavioral comorbidities and on the composition and function of the fecal microbiome in dogs with idiopathic epilepsy.

Phenobarbital (pb) is one of the most important antiseizure drugs (asds) to treat canine idiopathic epilepsy (ie).The effect of pb on the taxonomic changes in gastrointestinal microbiota (gim) and their functions is less known, which may explain parts of its pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties, especially its antiseizure effect and drug responsiveness or drug resistance as well as its effect on behavioral comorbidities.Fecal samples of 12 dogs with ie were collected prior to the initiation of pb treatment and 90 days after oral pb treatment.The fecal samples were analyzed using shallow dna shotgun sequencing, real-time polymerase chain reaction (q pcr)-based dysbiosis index (di), and quantification of short-chain fatty acids (scfas).Behavioral comorbidities were evaluated using standardized online questionnaires, namely, a canine behavioral assessment and research questionnaire (c barq), canine cognitive dysfunction rating scale (ccdr), and an attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (adhd) questionnaire.The results revealed no significant changes in alpha and beta diversity or in the di, whereas only the abundance of clostridiales was significantly decreased after pb treatment.Fecal scfa measurement showed a significant increase in total fecal scfa concentration and the concentrations of propionate and butyrate, while acetate concentrations revealed an upward trend after 90 days of treatment.In addition, the pb-responder (pb-r) group had significantly higher butyrate levels compared to the pb-non-responder (pb-nr) group.Metagenomics of functional pathway genes demonstrated a significant increase in genes in trehalose biosynthesis, ribosomal synthesis, and gluconeogenesis, but a decrease in v-atpase-related oxidative phosphorylation.For behavioral assessment, c barq analysis showed improvement in stranger-directed fear, non-social fear, and trainability, while there were no differences in adhd-like behavior and canine cognitive dysfunction (ccd) scores after 90 days of pb treatment.While only very minor shifts in bacterial taxonomy were detected, the higher scfa concentrations after pb treatment could be one of the key differences between pb-r and pb-nr.These results suggest functional changes in gim in canine ie treatment.

Journal: Frontiers in veterinary science (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
Tetramethylpyrazine inhibits the proliferation, invasiveness and migration of cervical cancer C33A cells by retarding the Hedgehog signaling pathway.

Cervical carcinoma (cc) ranks among the top four most common cancers in women worldwide.Over the last 10 years, several studies have confirmed the inhibitory effects of tetramethylpyrazine (tmp) on numerous types of cancer.To investigate the inhibitory effect of tmp on the cc c33a cell line, mtt and colony formation assays were performed to determine how tmp affects c33a cell survival and proliferation.Proliferation-, migration- and hedgehog (hh) signaling pathway-related protein expression levels were analyzed via western blotting.Wound-healing and transwell assays were used to detect the migration and invasion abilities of c33a cells, respectively.The results indicated that tmp markedly reduced the c33a cell survival rate compared with the cervical epithelial ect1 cell line, which was unaffected by tmp treatment.C33a cell proliferation was downregulated by tmp treatment in a dose-dependent manner.Tmp treatment also significantly inhibited c33a cell migration and invasiveness in a dose-dependent manner.Furthermore, tmp inhibited the hh signaling pathway, as demonstrated by a dose-dependent reduction in hh-related protein expression levels following tmp treatment.Subsequently, treatment with smoothened agonist increased the proliferation, invasiveness and migration abilities of tmp-treated c33a cells.In conclusion, tmp inhibited the proliferation, migration and invasiveness of cc cells via inhibition of the hh signaling pathway.

Journal: Oncology letters (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
Endoscopic mucosal healing and histologic remission in ulcerative colitis: a systematic literature review of clinical, quality-of-life and economic outcomes.

This systematic literature review (slr) assessed the effects of endoscopic mucosal healing and histologic remission on clinical, quality-of-life (qo l), and economic outcomes in adults with ulcerative colitis (uc) in the real-world setting.Methods literature searches of embase and medline (6 july 2020) and conference proceedings (2017-2020) were performed according to preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses guidelines.Eligible studies included adults with uc with documented endoscopic mucosal healing or histologic remission.Clinical, qo l, and economic outcomes were extracted and narratively synthesized.Results of 1603 studies screened, 25 met eligibility criteria and collectively included 2813 patients (mean age: 34-60 years).The most commonly reported indices were mayo endoscopic score (mes) for endoscopic mucosal healing (n= 22, 88%) and geboes score (n= 5, 20%) for histologic outcomes.The most frequently reported clinical outcome was relapse-free survival (n= 15, 60%).Less commonly reported outcomes were avoidance of colectomy (n= 5, 20%), hospitalization (n= 4, 16%), clinical remission (n= 4, 16%), and steroid-free clinical remission (n= 3, 12%).Most studies reported relapse-free survival rates up to 50% over 6-48 months of follow-up in endoscopic mucosal healing cohorts.Studies reporting results by mes demonstrated higher relapse-free survival rates among patients with mes 0 than with mes 1 (32%-100% vs 26%-86%, respectively).Similarly, patients with histologic remission had better relapse-free survival rates over 12-24 months of follow-up compared with those without histologic remission (72%-91% vs 40%-63%, respectively).Rates of clinical remission, steroid-free remission, hospitalization, and colectomy avoidance were also better among patients with endoscopic mucosal healing and histologic remission.Two studies examining qo l reported endoscopic mucosal healing was associated with improved qo l.No study reported economic outcomes.Conclusions this slr demonstrated consistent evidence of improved clinical outcomes among uc patients with endoscopic mucosal healing and histologic remission.

Journal: Current medical research and opinion (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article;Systematic Review;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't