syedzayyan/paper_mill_benchmark huggingface dataset:
Conditionally positive: a qualitative study of public perceptions about using health data for artificial intelligence research.

S given widespread interest in applying artificial intelligence (ai) to health data to improve patient care and health system efficiency, there is a need to understand the perspectives of the general public regarding the use of health data in ai research.Design a qualitative study involving six focus groups with members of the public.Participants discussed their views about ai in general, then were asked to share their thoughts about three realistic health ai research scenarios.Data were analysed using qualitative description thematic analysis.Settings two cities in ontario, canada: sudbury (400 km north of toronto) and mississauga (part of the greater toronto area).Participants forty-one purposively sampled members of the public (21m:20f, 25-65 years, median age 40).Results participants had low levels of prior knowledge of ai and mixed, mostly negative, perceptions of ai in general.Most endorsed using data for health ai research when there is strong potential for public benefit, providing that concerns about privacy, commercial motives and other risks were addressed.Inductive thematic analysis identified ai-specific hopes (eg, potential for faster and more accurate analyses, ability to use more data), fears (eg, loss of human touch, skill depreciation from over-reliance on machines) and conditions (eg, human verification of computer-aided decisions, transparency).There were mixed views about whether data subject consent is required for health ai research, with most participants wanting to know if, how and by whom their data were used.Though it was not an objective of the study, realistic health ai scenarios were found to have an educational effect.Conclusions notwithstanding concerns and limited knowledge about ai in general, most members of the general public in six focus groups in ontario, canada perceived benefits from health ai and conditionally supported the use of health data for ai research.

Journal: BMJ open (2020)
Publication types: Journal Article;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Seasonal variation of microbiota composition in Anopheles gambiae and Anopheles coluzzii in two different eco-geographical localities in Cameroon.

Understanding the environmental factors affecting the microbiota in malaria vectors may help in the development of novel vector control interventions, similar to paratransgenesis.This study evaluated seasonal and geographical variations in the microbial community of the two major malaria vectors.Adult anopheles mosquitoes were collected across two different eco-geographical settings in cameroon, during the dry and wet seasons.Dna was extracted from the whole individual mosquitoes from each group and processed for microbial analysis using illumina miseq sequencing of the v3-v4 region of the 16s r rna gene.Data analysis was performed using qiime2 and r software programs.A total of 1985 mosquitoes were collected and among them, 120 were selected randomly corresponding to 30 mosquitoes per season and locality.Overall, 97 bacterial taxa were detected across all mosquito samples, with 86 of these shared between dry and wet seasons in both localities and species.There were significant differences in bacterial composition between both seasons, with a clear separation observed between the dry and wet seasons (permanova comparisons of beta diversity, pseudo-f = 10.45; q-value = 0.01).This study highlights the influence of seasonal variation on microbial communities and this variation's impact on mosquito biology and vectorial capacity should be further investigated.

Journal: Medical and veterinary entomology (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Interoception is associated with anxiety and depression in pregnant women: A pilot study.

Pregnancy and postpartum are periods in which women develop psychosocially.However, becoming a mother is stressful, and mood disorders related to anxiety and depression often develop.In recent years, research on interoception-sensations related to the body's internal physiological state-has attracted attention.Interoception has multifaceted characteristics.It involves directly perceiving information in the body while also inferring and evaluating it.In this study, we examined interoception, anxiety, and depression in japanese pregnant women.Empirical examinations and questionnaire surveys were used to measure interoception in 32 pregnant women not at high risk of pregnancy.A japanese adaption of the multidimensional assessment of interoceptive awareness was used to measure interoceptive sensibility, and a heartbeat counting task performance was used to measure interoceptive accuracy.Anxiety and depression were measured using the japanese versions of the state-trait anxiety inventory and the edinburgh postnatal depression scale, respectively.A correlation analysis was performed between interoception, anxiety and depression and between differences between sensibility and accuracy of interoception, anxiety and depression.We revealed that interoceptive sensibility and differences between sensibility and accuracy of interoception were associated with anxiety.Based on results of this pilot study, it is necessary to investigate using longitudinal studies whether interoception might be an effective predictor tool for early detection of anxiety during pregnancy and postpartum.

Journal: PloS one (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Adolescent Gangs: Substance Misuse and Exposure to Adverse Childhood Experiences.

Adult gang members have higher substance misuse and adverse childhood experiences (ace) prevalence than non-gang involved individuals.The authors aimed to understand uk gang membership demographics and estimate substance misuse and ace prevalence among a community-based sample of children and young people (cyp) contrasting three groups; gang members, periphery and non-gang involved.method: the authors used the 2006 offending, crime and justice survey (ocjs) cross-sectional dataset, containing gang involvement, ace exposure and substance misuse data, sampling 2,443 individuals aged 13-17 years.Gang membership was self-identified.Gang periphery was cyp identifying as gang involved according to the eurogang youth survey questionnaire, but not self-identifying as members.Other cyp were non-gang involved.results: gang periphery participants were significantly more likely to misuse all substance types than non-gang involved cyp.The substance misuse likelihood was greatest for gang peripherals, then members, then non-gang involved.Gang periphery and members were significantly more likely to have been a victim of serious assault, less serious assault, any assault, any violence and to have committed any violent act in the last year than non-gang involved.conclusions: this is the first study comparing ace exposure and substance misuse prevalence among the uk, community-based cyp sample.Current research highlights younger children with complex needs, including girls, risk gang involvement and requires tailored support to enable safe exit from gangs.Factors relating to gang involvement, aces and substance misuse are interlinked and complex, demanding a holistic approach to support across education, children's social services, health and criminal justice settings.

Journal: Psychiatry (2021)
Publication types: Journal Article
Oral Absorption across Organotypic Culture Models of the Human Buccal Epithelium after E-cigarette Aerosol Exposure.

Inhaled aerosols are absorbed across the oral cavity, respiratory tract, and gastrointestinal tract.The absorption across the oral cavity, which is one of the exposure routes, plays an important role in understanding pharmacokinetics and physiological effects.After aerosol exposure from e-cigarettes, tissue viability studies, morphological observation, and chemical analyses at the inner and outer buccal tissues were performed using organotypic 3d in vitro culture models of the buccal epithelium to better understand the deposition and absorption on the inner and outer buccal tissues.The aerosol exposures did not affect the tissue viability and had no change to the tissue morphology and structure.The deposition ratio at the buccal tissue surface is relatively low.This shows that majority of aerosol transfers to the airway tissues.The distribution from the inner tissue to the outer tissue has selectivity among various compounds, depending on the affinity with the liquid crystal structure of phospholipids and glucosylceramide.Although nicotine absorption in the aqueous solution was well known to increase as the unprotonated state of nicotine increased, the nicotine absorption after the aerosol exposure is irrelevant to the protonated-unprotonated state.Furthermore, the results showed that half of nicotine that adhered to the oral cavity transferred to the inner tissue via the oral epithelium and the other half transferred to the gastrointestinal tract accompanying multiple executions of swallowing, while majority of the water-soluble compounds with the hydroxyl group such as propylene glycol and benzoic acid that adhered to the oral cavity were eluted with the saliva and transferred to the gastrointestinal tract by swallowing.

Journal: ACS omega (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
Glioblastoma-Specific Strategies of Vascularization: Implications in Anti-Angiogenic Therapy Resistance.

Angiogenesis has long been implicated as a crucial process in gbm growth and progression.Gbm can adopt several strategies to build up its abundant and aberrant vasculature.Targeting gbm angiogenesis has gained more and more attention in anti-cancer therapy, and many strategies have been developed to interfere with this hallmark.However, recent findings reveal that the effects of anti-angiogenic treatments are temporally limited and that tumors become refractory to therapy and more aggressive.In this review, we summarize the gbm-associated neovascularization processes and their implication in drug resistance mechanisms underlying the transient efficacy of current anti-angiogenic therapies.Moreover, we describe potential strategies and perspectives to overcome the mechanisms adopted by gbm to develop resistance to anti-angiogenic therapy as new potential therapeutic approaches.

Journal: Journal of personalized medicine (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article;Review
Understanding the Value of Tourism to Seniors' Health and Positive Aging.

The value of tourism has been included in studies of active aging, and the existing public health implications of the physical and mental health effects of tourism among seniors are recognized as important issues.This study uses a mixed methods research approach to explore the effects of tourism value on the health and mortality risk of older adults, referred to in this paper as seniors.Survival analysis and cohort analysis are combined with the narrative analysis of in-depth interviews with eight convenience-sampled seniors to construct a narrative framework of seniors' active aging tourism and its intrinsic drivers.The study found that the intrinsic framework of active aging tourism values for seniors has a three-stage continuum, an interaction, and orientation characteristics.There are six intrinsic key value drivers of tourism value and public health for seniors.In addition, this study identifies the personal characteristics and strengths of seniors as important influences on tourism value practices for active aging and public health.This study provides a positive psychological and behavioral research direction for existing research on the value of tourism in active aging.It provides an empirical basis for exploring the intrinsic mechanisms of tourism and public health.

Journal: International journal of environmental research and public health (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
A phase 2/3 randomized clinical trial followed by an open-label extension to evaluate the effectiveness of elamipretide in Barth syndrome, a genetic disorder of mitochondrial cardiolipin metabolism.

To evaluate effectiveness of elamipretide in barth syndrome (bths), a genetic condition of defects in taz, which causes abnormal cardiolipin on the inner mitochondrial membrane.Methods we performed a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial followed by an open-label extension in bths to test the effect of elamipretide, a mitochondrial tetrapeptide that interacts with cardiolipin.In part 1, 12 subjects were randomized to 40 mg per day of elamipretide or placebo for 12 weeks, followed by a 4-week washout and then 12 weeks on the opposite arm.Ten subjects continued on the open-label extension (part 2) of 40 mg per day of elamipretide, with eight subjects reaching 36 weeks.Primary endpoints were improvement on the 6-minute walk test (6mwt) and improvement on a bths symptom assessment (bths-sa) scale.Results in part 1 neither primary endpoint was met.At 36 weeks in part 2, there were significant improvements in 6mwt (+95.9 m, p = 0.024) and bths-sa (-2.1 points, p = 0.031).There were also significant improvements in secondary endpoints including knee extensor strength, patient global impression of symptoms, and some cardiac parameters.Conclusion in this interventional clinical trial in bths, daily administration of elamipretide led to improvement in bths symptoms.

Journal: Genetics in medicine : official journal of the American College of Medical Genetics (2021)
Publication types: Clinical Trial, Phase II;Clinical Trial, Phase III;Journal Article;Randomized Controlled Trial;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Effect of CYP3A4 metabolism on sex differences in the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of zolpidem.

To investigate pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic differences of zolpidem between males and females and their causes, including cyp3a4 activity.A single oral dose of zolpidem (10 mg) was administered to 15 male and 15 female healthy subjects.Blood samples were collected up to 12 h post-dose to determine plasma zolpidem concentrations.Pharmacokinetic parameters were obtained using non-compartmental analysis.Digit symbol substitution test, choice reaction time, and visual analog scale of sleepiness were used to evaluate pharmacodynamics.We measured cyp3a4 activity using 4β-hydroxycholesterol, an endogenous metabolite.Mean maximum plasma concentration and area under the plasma concentration-time curve were higher for females than for males (9.9% and 32.5%, respectively); other pharmacokinetic parameters showed no significant differences.Pharmacodynamic scores for females showed delayed recovery compared with that for males.Cyp3a4 activity was higher in females than in males (p = 0.030).There was no serious adverse event, and adverse event incidence was not different between the sexes.Zolpidem exposure was about 30% higher in females than in males.Delayed pharmacodynamic score recovery in females could be related to higher zolpidem concentrations.Although apparent clearance was lower in females, systemic clearance might not be the cause of the different exposures to zolpidem.

Journal: Scientific reports (2021)
Publication types: Clinical Trial, Phase I;Journal Article;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Molecular dynamics simulation studies of the structure and antifouling performance of a gradient polyamide membrane.

The polyamide (pa) layer on the surface of thin-film-composite reverse osmosis membranes is the core aspect of membrane-based desalination technology.In recent years, molecular dynamics simulations have been increasingly used to disclose the physicochemical properties of the pa layer.However, the currently reported all-atom pa layer models do not exhibit gradient variation of the structural properties of the layer, and they can only represent the innermost region of the pa layer.With the help of our recently developed universal toolkit "membr factory", this paper reports a modeling method that can be used to construct a gradient crosslinking model and surface grafting model for the pa layer.A fully atomistic model of the pa layer was constructed, in which the degree of crosslinking (dc) was changed gradiently along the thickness direction.The structure of the pa layer model and the transport dynamics of the water molecules within it were systematically investigated using equilibrium molecular dynamics simulations.We found that the dc is the lowest and the water molecules have the strongest self-diffusion ability in the interfacial region of the pa layer model.Meanwhile, the pore size is distributed widely in the region.Subsequently, we modified the surface of the pa layer model with peg coatings, and their coverage ratio was around 75%.The radial distribution function analysis showed that water molecules prefer to coordinate with the oxygen atoms in peg.Furthermore, two contaminant molecules, 1-ethyl-2-methyl benzene and n-decane, were selected to investigate the antifouling properties of the peg-modified pa layer.By analysing the trajectories of the pollutants and calculating the potential of the mean force, we found that the antifouling performance of a peg-modified pa layer is not only related to the hydrophobicity and the size of the pollutant, but is also related to the coverage ratio of the peg layer.

Journal: Physical chemistry chemical physics : PCCP (2019)
Publication types: Journal Article
Perioperative Hydrocortisone Reduces Major Complications After Pancreaticoduodenectomy: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

S the aim of this study was to study whether post-pancreaticoduodenectomy complications (ppdc) in high-risk patients can be reduced with hydrocortisone.Background soft pancreas is a well-known risk factor for ppdc.Previously, we have shown that patients with >40% acini in the pancreatic transection line are most prone to ppdc.Recent studies have demonstrated that surgical trauma leads to inflammation of the pancreatic remnant, which precedes ppdc.Methods on the basis of power analysis, randomized controlled trial (rct) (clinicaltrials.gov nct01460615), 155 patients (february 2011-may 2015) scheduled for pancreaticoduodenectomy were randomized to intravenous (i.v.) treatment with hydrocortisone 100 mg or placebo.All patients received the first dose at the induction of anesthesia.During the operation, the percentage of acini was calculated from pancreatic transection line frozen samples by a pathologist.As planned, only the high-risk patients with >40% acini (n = 62) continued in the study to receive in total 8 doses of randomization-based hydrocortisone/placebo every 8 hours.Primary endpoints were urine trypsinogen positive days and overall complications (clavien-dindo iii-iv).Postoperative pancreatic fistulas (popfs), postpancreatectomy hemorrhage (pph), and delayed gastric emptying (dge) were also graded.Results hydrocortisone treatment did not alter trypsinogen release (2 or more positive days 46% vs 50%), but it significantly reduced overall complications compared with placebo in the high-risk patients (18% vs 41%; p < 0.05; clavien-dindo iii-iv).Also, clinically significant popf (11% vs 27%), pph (14% vs 24%), and dge (29% vs 44%) tended to be lower in the hydrocortisone group.Ninety-day mortality was zero.Conclusions this rct shows that in high-risk patients, overall ppdc can be significantly reduced with hydrocortisone treatment.Inflammation may be an important mediator of ppdc.

Journal: Annals of surgery (2016)
Publication types: Journal Article;Randomized Controlled Trial
Reliability assessment of tissue classification algorithms for multi-center and multi-scanner data.

Gray and white matter volume difference and change are important imaging markers of pathology and disease progression in neurology and psychiatry.Such measures are usually estimated from tissue segmentation maps produced by publicly available image processing pipelines.However, the reliability of the produced segmentations when using multi-center and multi-scanner data remains understudied.Here, we assess the robustness of six publicly available tissue classification pipelines across images acquired from different mr scanners and sites.Methods we used 90 t1-weighted images of a single individual, scanned in 73 sessions across 27 different sites to assess the robustness of the tissue classification tools.Variability in dice similarity index values and tissue volumes was assessed for atropos, bison, classify_clean, fast, free surfer, and spm12.Results bison had the highest overall dice coefficient for gm, followed by spm12 and atropos; while atropos had the highest overall dice coefficient for wm, followed by bison and spm12.Bison had the lowest overall variability in its volumetric estimates, followed by free surfer, and spm12.All methods also had significant differences between some of their estimates across different scanner manufacturers (e.g.Bison had significantly higher gm estimates and correspondingly lower wm estimates for ge scans compared to philips and siemens), and different signal-to-noise ratio (snr) levels (e.g.Fast and free surfer had significantly higher wm volume estimates for high versus medium and low snr tertiles as well as correspondingly lower gm volume estimates).Conclusions our comparisons provide a benchmark on the reliability of the publicly used tissue classification techniques and the amount of variability that can be expected when using large multi-center and multi-scanner databases.

Journal: NeuroImage (2020)
Publication types: Journal Article;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
The C-X-C signalling system in the rodent vs primate testis: impact on germ cell niche interaction.

In zebrafish, action of the chemokine cxcl12 is mediated through its g-protein-coupled seven-transmembrane domain receptor cxcr4 and the atypical receptor cxcr7.Employing this animal model, it was revealed that this cxcl12 signalling system plays a crucial role for directed migration of primordial germ cells (pgc) during early testicular development.Importantly, subsequent studies indicated that this regulatory mechanism is evolutionarily conserved also in mice.What is more, the functional role of the cxcl12 system does not seem to be limited to early phases of testicular development.Data from mouse studies rather demonstrate that cxcl12 and its receptors are also involved in the homing process of gonocytes into their niches at the basal membrane of the seminiferous tubules.Intriguingly, even the spermatogonial stem cells (sscs) present in the adult mouse testis appear to maintain the ability to migrate towards a cxcl12 gradient as demonstrated by functionalin vitromigration assays andin vivogerm cell transplantation assays.These findings not only indicate a role of the cxcl12 system throughout male germ cell development in mice but also suggest that this system may be evolutionarily conserved.In this review, we take into account the available literature focusing on the localization patterns of the cxcl12 system not only in rodents but also in primates, including the human.Based on these data, we discuss whether the cxcl12 system is also conserved between rodents and primates and discuss the known and potential functional consequences.

Journal: Reproduction (Cambridge, England) (2018)
Publication types: Journal Article;Review
Oral administration of salmon cartilage proteoglycan extends the survival of allografts in mice.

Proteoglycan (pg) is a complex glycohydrate that is widely distributed in the extracellular matrix.Oral administration of pg extracted from salmon nasal cartilage has been reported to attenuate the severity and proinflammatory cytokine responses in mouse experimental colitis, autoimmune encephalomyelitis, collagen-induced arthritis and obesity-induced inflammation.In the present study, the effects of salmon nasal cartilage pg on skin allografts were investigated in a mouse model.Oral administration of pg prolonged the survival of skin grafts within 10 days of transplantation.Although pg failed to inhibit allograft rejection at the final stage of transplantation, pg attenuated the cell infiltration in the skin under the transplanted site.

Journal: Biomedical reports (2018)
Publication types: Journal Article