syedzayyan/paper_mill_benchmark huggingface dataset:
Risk factors and prevention strategies for cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma in transplant recipients.

It has been well established that organ transplant recipients (otrs) are at an increased risk of skin cancer.Studies vary on the exact degree of this risk, but it is likely somewhere between 60 and 100 times more likely that an otr patient will develop skin cancer.The management of skin cancer burden in otrs requires a multidisciplinary approach with the transplant team, dermatologists, and oncology.In many major hospital systems, there are dedicated transplant dermatology clinics that allow for specialized and more frequent screenings of this high-risk population.Here we discuss the pathogenesis, presentation, and treatment options used by dermatologists to prevent and treat commonly found skin cancers in this vulnerable population.

Journal: International journal of dermatology (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article;Review
A Unique Lens: Understanding What Nurses Are Best Positioned to Assess About Residents.

Resident feedback is generally elicited from attending physicians, although nurses can also provide feedback on distinct domains.Physicians may be hesitant to accept feedback from nurses if they perceive that nurses are being asked about areas outside their expertise.Understanding specific resident behaviors that nurses are best suited to assess is critical to successful implementation of feedback from nurses to residents.Objective to understand specific resident behaviors nurses are uniquely positioned to assess from the perspectives of both nurses and residents.Methods we performed a qualitative study using thematic analysis of 5 focus groups with 20 residents and 5 focus groups with 17 nurses at a large free-standing children's hospital in 2020.Two reviewers developed a codebook and subsequently analyzed all transcripts.Codes were organized into themes and subthemes.Thematic saturation was achieved prior to analyzing the final transcript.Results we identified 4 major themes.Nurses are positioned to provide feedback: (1) on residents' interprofessional collaborative practice; (2) on residents' communication with patients and their families; and (3) on behalf of patients and their families.Within each of these, we identified subthemes noting specific behaviors on which nurses can provide feedback.The fourth theme encompassed topics that may not be best suited for nursing feedback-medical decision-making and resident responsiveness.Conclusions nurses and residents described specific resident behaviors that nurses were best positioned to assess.

Journal: Journal of graduate medical education (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
Ketogenic diet for schizophrenia: Nutritional approach to antipsychotic treatment.

Schizophrenia is a mental disorder that mostly appears in the second or third decade of life with no consistent appearance.The first-line pharmacological treatment are antipsychotic drugs, which mainly act by suppressing the activity of dopamine.Unfortunately many of schizophrenic patients suffer from persistent positive or negative symptoms that cannot be fully treated with available medication.With exploration on the possible causes of the disease there is evidence on dopaminergic transmission defects, there is a need to find more holistic way in treating the disease and a diet regimen could be one of them.Ketogenic diet, which is a popular diet regimen that consists in low-carbohydrate (about 30-50 g/day), medium-protein (up to 1 g/kg daily) and high-fat intake (around 80% of daily calories) mainly known for its helpful role in weight-loss.The key mechanism is to generate ketosis.A state in which ketones bodies in the blood provides energy part of the body's energy comes from ketone bodies in the blood.Possible hypothesis can be that ketogenic diet changes the ratio of gaba:glutamate in favor of gaba, by suppressing the catabolism and increasing the synthesis of gaba as well as glutamate metabolism, which could help to compensate the disrupted gaba levels in schizophrenic brain, leading to possible better outcome of the disease regarding symptomatology and preventing the weight-gain regarding some medications used and the correlating diseases responsible for weight gain.

Journal: Medical hypotheses (2018)
Publication types: Journal Article
C3a and C5b-9 Differentially Predict COVID-19 Progression and Outcome.

Sars-co v-2 infection may result in severe pneumonia leading to mechanical ventilation and intensive care (icu) treatment.Complement activation was verified in covid-19 and implicated as a contributor to covid-19 pathogenesis.This study assessed the predictive potential of complement factors c3a and c5b-9 for covid-19 progression and outcome.We grouped 80 covid-19 patients into severe covid-19 patients (n = 38) and critically ill (n = 42) and subdivided into non-intubated (n = 48) and intubated (n = 32), survivors (n = 57) and non-survivors (n = 23).Results: a significant increase for c3a and c5b-9 levels was observed between: severely and critically ill patients (p < 0.001 and p < 0.0001), non-intubated vs intubated (p < 0.001 and p < 0.05), survivors vs non-survivors (p < 0.001 and p < 0.01).Roc analysis for the need for icu treatment revealed a higher auc for c5b-9 (0.764, p < 0.001) compared to c3a (auc = 0.739, p < 0.01).A higher auc was observed for c3a for the need for intubation (auc = 0.722, p < 0.001) or mortality (auc = 0.740, p < 0.0001) compared to c5b-9 (need for intubation auc = 0.656, p < 0.05 and mortality auc = 0.631, p = ns).Combining the two markers revealed a powerful prediction tool for icu admission (auc = 0.773, p < 0.0001), intubation (auc = 0.756, p < 0.0001) and mortality (auc = 0.753, p < 0.001).C3a and c5b-9 may be considered as prognostic tools separately or in combination for the progression and outcome of covid-19.

Journal: Life (Basel, Switzerland) (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
What is the impact on health and wellbeing of interventions that foster respect and social inclusion in community-residing older adults? A systematic review of quantitative and qualitative studies.

Many interventions have been developed to promote respect and social inclusion among older people, but the evidence on their impacts on health has not been synthesised.This systematic review aims to appraise the state of the evidence across the quantitative and qualitative literature.Methods eligible studies published between 1990 and 2015 were identified by scanning seven bibliographic databases using a pre-piloted strategy, searching grey literature and contacting experts.Studies were included if they assessed the impact (quantitatively) and/or perceived impact (qualitatively) of an intervention promoting respect and social inclusion on the physical or mental health of community-residing people aged 60 years and older.Titles and abstracts were screened for eligibility by one reviewer.A second reviewer independently screened a 10% random sample.Full texts were screened for eligibility by one reviewer, with verification by another reviewer.Risk of bias was assessed using standardised tools.Findings were summarised using narrative synthesis, harvest plots and logic models to depict the potential pathways to health outcomes.Results of the 27,354 records retrieved, 40 studies (23 quantitative, 6 qualitative, 11 mixed methods) were included.All studies were conducted in high and upper middle-income countries.Interventions involved mentoring, intergenerational and multi-activity programmes, dancing, music and singing, art and culture and information-communication technology.Most studies (n = 24) were at high or moderate risk of bias.Music and singing, intergenerational interventions, art and culture and multi-activity interventions were associated with an overall positive impact on health outcomes.This included depression (n = 3), wellbeing (n = 3), subjective health (n = 2), quality of life (n = 2), perceived stress and mental health (n = 2) and physical health (n = 2).Qualitative studies offered explanations for mediating factors (e.g.Improved self-esteem) that may lead to improved health outcomes and contributed to the assessment of causation.Conclusions whilst this review suggests that some interventions may positively impact on the health outcomes of older people, and identified mediating factors to health outcomes, the evidence is based on studies with heterogeneous methodologies.Many of the interventions were delivered as projects to selected groups, raising important questions about the feasibility of wider implementation and the potential for population-wide benefits.Systematic review registration prospero registration number crd42014010107.

Journal: Systematic reviews (2018)
Publication types: Journal Article;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't;Review;Systematic Review
A community-led mobile health clinic to improve structural and social determinants of health among (im)migrant workers.

Community-led interventions that address structural and social determinants of health are lacking among (im)migrant workers, especially seafood workers.This lack of medical attention is especially alarming given their high rate of injury and death.Methods community-based participatory research (cbpr), a relational model that values the participants as equal partners in research, dissemination, and implementation, guided the interviews and mobile clinic.Seafood workers were engaged throughout data collection, analysis, and interpretation and played a significant role in moving the findings from research into actionable change.Results to address the lack of healthcare options for (im)migrants, and at the request of the seafood workers participating in the ongoing cbpr study, we successfully implemented and treated workers in our mobile clinic.Discussion many of these individuals had not been seen by a healthcare provider in years, highlighting the importance of community trust and rapport building when addressing interconnected health and safety issues.Conclusions although cbpr and free (mobile) health clinics are in and of themselves not novel concepts, when applied to high-risk occupational settings with under-reached populations (e.g., (im)migrant workers), they have the ability to improve health and prevent injury.This intervention adds to the growing literature detailing the potential benefits of using cbpr, and meeting people where they are, especially with historically marginalized populations.

Journal: International journal for equity in health (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article;Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
A modular master regulator landscape controls cancer transcriptional identity.

Despite considerable efforts, the mechanisms linking genomic alterations to the transcriptional identity of cancer cells remain elusive.Integrative genomic analysis, using a network-based approach, identified 407 master regulator (mr) proteins responsible for canalizing the genetics of individual samples from 20 cohorts in the cancer genome atlas (tcga) into 112 transcriptionally distinct tumor subtypes.Mr proteins could be further organized into 24 pan-cancer, master regulator block modules (mrbs), each regulating key cancer hallmarks and predictive of patient outcome in multiple cohorts.Of all somatic alterations detected in each individual sample, >50% were predicted to induce aberrant mr activity, yielding insight into mechanisms linking tumor genetics and transcriptional identity and establishing non-oncogene dependencies.Genetic and pharmacological validation assays confirmed the predicted effect of upstream mutations and mr activity on downstream cellular identity and phenotype.Thus, co-analysis of mutational and gene expression profiles identified elusive subtypes and provided testable hypothesis for mechanisms mediating the effect of genetic alterations.

Journal: Cell (2021)
Publication types: Journal Article;Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't;Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
A simple and effective method for bladder blood clot evacuation using hydrogen peroxide.

Urinary retention caused by bladder clots can be frustrating because such blood clots are difficult to remove.We established a novel technique in which hydrogen peroxide is applied to evacuate bladder clots.Methods in this single-center retrospective study, we evaluated 31 patients with retention of blood clots in the bladder who underwent emergency evacuation using hydrogen peroxide.Results the patients comprised 17 men and 14 women with mean age of 61.2 years (range, 42-82 years).Hydrogen peroxide solution and a 20-fr three-cavity foley catheter with large-diameter side holes were used for manual bladder irrigation in all patients.The bladder blood clots were successfully removed in 27 patients.The remaining four patients could not tolerate the symptoms of urinary retention and had to resort to surgery.Conclusion hydrogen peroxide solution for manual bladder irrigation can improve the efficiency of bladder blood clot evacuation.This is a simple and effective option for managing bladder clot retention.

Journal: The Journal of international medical research (2020)
Publication types: Journal Article
Neuroplasticity-driven timing modulations revealed by ultrafast functional magnetic resonance imaging.

Detecting neuroplasticity in global brain circuits in vivo is key for understanding myriad processes such as memory, learning, and recovery from injury.Functional magnetic resonance imaging (f mri) is instrumental for such in vivo mappings, yet it typically relies on mapping changes in spatial extent of activation or via signal amplitude modulations, whose interpretation can be highly ambiguous.Importantly, a central aspect of neuroplasticity involves modulation of neural activity timing properties.We thus hypothesized that this temporal dimension could serve as a new marker for neuroplasticity.To detect f mri signals more associated with the underlying neural dynamics, we developed an ultrafast f mri (uf mri) approach facilitating high spatiotemporal sensitivity and resolution in distributed neural pathways.When neuroplasticity was induced in the mouse visual pathway via dark rearing, uf mri indeed mapped temporal modulations in the entire visual pathway.Our findings therefore suggest a new dimension for exploring neuroplasticity in vivo.

Journal: NeuroImage (2021)
Publication types: Journal Article;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Orai1 overexpression improves sepsis-induced T-lymphocyte immunosuppression and acute organ dysfunction in mice.

Immune paralysis induced by sepsis, especially dysfunction of cd4+t cells, leads to an increased risk of infection.In sepsis, abnormal differentiation of t lymphocytes is associated with multiorgan dysfunction syndrome.In t lymphocytes, the orai1/nuclear factor of activated t cells (nfat) pathway is a critical mediator of infection, inflammation, and autoimmunity.In this study, we confirmed immunosuppression of splenic cd4+t cells and abnormal differentiation of t lymphocytes in septic mice.Furthermore, we found that the orai1/nfat signaling pathway was inhibited in septic mice; however, the overexpression of orai1 not only improved immune function of t cells in sepsis but also reduced the mortality and organ damage in septic mice.Moreover, the overexpression of orai1 could reverse the increases in the numbers of t regulatory and t helper 17 cells in septic mice.These data suggest that the orai1-mediated nfat signaling pathway can improve sepsis-induced t-lymphocyte immunosuppression and acute organ dysfunction.

Journal: Heliyon (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
On the Ionic Conductivity of Cation Exchange Membranes in Mixed Sulfates Using the Two-Phase Model.

The concentration dependence of the conductivity of ion exchange membranes (iems), as well as other transport properties, has been well explained by the contemporary two-phase model (zabolotsky et al., 1993) considering a gel phase and an inter-gel phase filled with electroneutral solution.Here, this two-phase model has been adopted and first applied in electrolytes containing mixed counter-ions to investigate the correlation between the membrane ionic conductivity and its microstructure.For three representative commercial cation exchange membranes (cems), the total membrane conductivity (κt) when in equilibrium with mixed mg so4+ na2so4and h2so4+ na2so4electrolytes could be well predicted with the experimental composition of counter-ions in the gel and inter-gel phase, as well as the counter-ion mobility in the gel phase when the membrane is in a single electrolyte.It is found that the volume fraction of the inter-gel phase (f2) has little impact on the predicted results.The accuracy of the model can be largely improved by calculating the inter-gel phase conductivity (κin) with the ionic mobility being the same as that in the external solution (obtained via simulation in the oli studio), rather than simply as equivalent to the conductivity of the external solution (κs).Moreover, a nonlinear correlation between the cems' conductivities and the counter-ion composition in the gel phase is observed in the mixed mg so4+ na2so4solution, as well as for the nafion117 membrane in the presence of sulfuric acid.For cems in mixed mg so4+ na2so4electrolytes, the calculated conductivity values considering the interaction parameter σ, similar to the kohlrausch's law, are closer to the experimental ones.Overall, this work provides new insights into membrane conductivity with mixed counter-ions and testifies to the applicability of the contemporary two-phase model.

Journal: Membranes (2023)
Publication types: Journal Article
Comparative analysis of cognitive impairment prevalence and its etiological subtypes in a rural area of northern China between 2010 and 2015.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate changes in the prevalence and risk factors of cognitive impairment (ci) by analyzing and comparing two cross-sectional epidemiological surveys of ci and its subtypes were performed in a rural area of northern china between 2010 and 2015.Residents aged ≥60 years were drawn in northern china.The mini mental state examination (mmse) is recommended to test for ci.Dementia was further categorised into alzheimer's disease (ad), vascular dementia (va d), and dementia caused by other diseases (ods).Mild cognitive impairment (mci) was classified into mci caused by ad (mci-a), mci caused by va d (mci-vd), and mci caused by ods (mci-o).The prevalence of ci increased in china.The prevalence of all-cause ci was 30·5% (22.9% mci and 7.6% dementia) in 2010.The prevalence of all-cause ci was 38.3% (27.8% mci and 10.5% dementia) in 2015.Similar increases were observed for the prevalence of subtypes of dementia and mci.These findings suggest an increasing prevalence of ci and its subtypes in china, which may be related to alterations in sociodemographic factors, vascular risk factors and lifestyle changes over time in these cohorts.

Journal: Scientific reports (2019)
Publication types: Comparative Study;Journal Article;Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Distribution of bacterial single cell parameters and their estimation from turbidity detection times.

The stochastic growth of homogeneous bacterial populations in the wells of a microtiter plate was studied as a function of the random initial cell number and their random individual lag times.These significantly affected the population growth in the well, while the maximum specific growth rate of the population was constant (or its variance was negligible) for each well.We showed the advantages of the mathematical assumption that a transformation of the single cell lag time, called the single cell physiological state (or, more accurately, that of the sub-population generated by the single cell) follow the beta distribution.Simulations demonstrated what patterns would such assumption generate for the distribution of the detection times observed in the wells.An estimation procedure was developed, based on the beta-assumption, that resulted in an explicit expression for the expected value of the single cell physiological state as a function of measured "time to detection" values using turbidity experiments.The method was illustrated using laboratory data with escherichia coli, salmonella enterica subsp.Enterica strains.The results gave a basis to quantify the difference between the studied organisms in terms of their single-cell kinetics.

Journal: Food microbiology (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
The prognostic value of machine learning techniques versus cox regression model for head and neck cancer.

Accurate prognostic prediction for head and neck cancer (hnc) is important for the improvement of clinical management.We aimed to compare the prognostic value of various machine learning techniques (mlts) and statistical cox regression model for different types of hnc.Methods clinical data of hnc patients were extracted from the surveillance, epidemiology, and end results (seer) database from 1974 to 2016.The prediction performance of five ml models, including random forest (rf), gradient boosting decision tree (gbdt), support vector machine (svm), neural network (nn) and deep learning (dl), were compared with the statistical cox regression model by estimating the concordance index (c-index), integrated brier score (ibs), time-dependent receiver operating characteristic (roc) curve and the area under the curve (auc).Results our results showed that the rf model outperformed all other models in prognostic prediction for all tumor sites of hnc, particularly for major salivary gland cancer (msgc, c-index: 88.730 ± 0.8700, ibs: 7.680 ± 0.4800), oral cavity cancer (occ, c-index: 84.250 ± 0.6700, ibs: 11.480 ± 0.3300) and oropharyngeal cancer (opc, c-index: 82.510 ± 0.5400, ibs: 10.120 ± 0.1400).Meanwhile, we analyzed the importance of each clinical variable in the rf model, in which age and tumor size presented the strongest positive prognostic effects.Additionally, similar results can be observed in the internal (6thedition of the ajcc tnm staging system cohort) and external validations (the tcga hnc cohort).Conclusions the rf model is a promising prognostic prediction tool for hnc patients, regardless of the anatomic subsites.

Journal: Methods (San Diego, Calif.) (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Self-Powered Long-Life Microsystem for Vibration Sensing and Target Recognition.

Microsystems play an important role in the internet of things (io t).In many unattended io t applications, microsystems with small size, lightweight, and long life are urgently needed to achieve covert, large-scale, and long-term distribution for target detection and recognition.This paper presents for the first time a low-power, long-life microsystem that integrates self-power supply, event wake-up, continuous vibration sensing, and target recognition.The microsystem is mainly used for unattended long-term target perception and recognition.A composite energy source of solar energy and battery is designed to achieve self-powering.The microsystem's sensing module, circuit module, signal processing module, and transceiver module are optimized to further realize the small size and low-power consumption.A low-computational recognition algorithm based on support vector machine learning is designed and ported into the microsystem.Taking the pedestrian, wheeled vehicle, and tracked vehicle as targets, the proposed microsystem of 15 cm3and 35 g successfully realizes target recognitions both indoors and outdoors with an accuracy rate of over 84% and 65%, respectively.Self-powering of the microsystem is up to 22.7 m w under the midday sunlight, and 11 min self-powering can maintain 24 h operation of the microsystem in sleep mode.

Journal: Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article