syedzayyan/paper_mill_benchmark huggingface dataset:
Antiplasmodial, antimalarial activities and toxicity of African medicinal plants: a systematic review of literature.

Malaria still constitutes a major public health menace, especially in tropical and subtropical countries.Close to half a million people mainly children in africa, die every year from the disease.With the rising resistance to frontline drugs (artemisinin-based combinations), there is a need to accelerate the discovery and development of newer anti-malarial drugs.A systematic review was conducted to identify the african medicinal plants with significant antiplasmodial and/or anti-malarial activity, toxicity, as wells as assessing the variation in their activity between study designs (in vitro and in vivo).Methods key health-related databases including google scholar, pub med, pub med central, and science direct were searched for relevant literature on the antiplasmodial and anti-malarial activities of african medicinal plants.Results in total, 200 research articles were identified, a majority of which were studies conducted in nigeria.The selected research articles constituted 722 independent experiments evaluating 502 plant species.Of the 722 studies, 81.9%, 12.4%, and 5.5% were in vitro, in vivo, and combined in vitro and in vivo, respectively.The most frequently investigated plant species were azadirachta indica, zanthoxylum chalybeum, picrilima nitida, and nauclea latifolia meanwhile fabaceae, euphorbiaceae, annonaceae, rubiaceae, rutaceae, meliaceae, and lamiaceae were the most frequently investigated plant families.Overall, 248 (34.3%), 241 (33.4%), and 233 (32.3%) of the studies reported very good, good, and moderate activity, respectively.Alchornea cordifolia, flueggea virosa, cryptolepis sanguinolenta, zanthoxylum chalybeum, and maytenus senegalensis gave consistently very good activity across the different studies.In all, only 31 (4.3%) of studies involved pure compounds and these had significantly (p = 0.044) higher antiplasmodial activity relative to crude extracts.Out of the 198 plant species tested for toxicity, 52 (26.3%) demonstrated some degree of toxicity, with toxicity most frequently reported with azadirachta indica and vernonia amygdalina.These species were equally the most frequently inactive plants reported.The leaves were the most frequently reported toxic part of plants used.Furthermore, toxicity was observed to decrease with increasing antiplasmodial activity.Conclusions although there are many indigenous plants with considerable antiplasmodial and anti-malarial activity, the progress in the development of new anti-malarial drugs from african medicinal plants is still slothful, with only one clinical trial with cochlospermum planchonii (bixaceae) conducted to date.There is, therefore, the need to scale up anti-malarial drug discovery in the african region.

Journal: Malaria journal (2021)
Publication types: Journal Article;Systematic Review
Influence of socioeconomic status on functional recovery after ARDS caused by SARS-CoV-2: a multicentre, observational study.

Introduction prognosis of patients with covid-19 depends on the severity of the pulmonary affection.The most severe cases may progress to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ards), which is associated with a risk of long-term repercussions on respiratory function and neuromuscular outcomes.The functional repercussions of severe forms of covid-19 may have a major impact on quality of life, and impair the ability to return to work or exercise.Social inequalities in healthcare may influence prognosis, with socially vulnerable individuals more likely to develop severe forms of disease.We describe here the protocol for a prospective, multicentre study that aims to investigate the influence of social vulnerability on functional recovery in patients who were hospitalised in intensive care for ards caused by covid-19.This study will also include an embedded qualitative study that aims to describe facilitators and barriers to compliance with rehabilitation, describe patients' health practices and identify social representations of health, disease and care.Methods and analysis the "functional recovery from acute respiratory distress syndrome (ards) due to covid-19: influence of socio-economic status" (recovids) study is a mixed-methods, observational, multicentre cohort study performed during the routine follow-up of post-intensive care unit (icu) functional recovery after ards.All patients admitted to a participating icu for pcr-proven sars-co v-2 infection and who underwent chest ct scan at the initial phase and who received respiratory support (mechanical or not) or high-flow nasal oxygen, and had ards diagnosed by the berlin criteria will be eligible.The primary outcome is the presence of lung sequelae at 6 months after icu discharge, defined either by alterations on pulmonary function tests, oxygen desaturation during a standardised 6 min walk test or fibrosis-like pulmonary findings on chest ct.Patients will be considered to be socially disadvantaged if they have an "evaluation de la précarité et des inégalités de santé dans les centres d'examen de santé" (epices) score ≥30.17 at inclusion.Ethics and dissemination the study protocol and the informed consent form were approved by an independent ethics committee (comité de protection des personnes sud méditerranée ii) on 10 july 2020 (2020-a02014-35).All patients will provide informed consent before participation.Findings will be published in peer-reviewed journals and presented at national and international congresses.Trial registration number nct04556513.

Journal: BMJ open (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article;Multicenter Study;Observational Study
Chest CT findings in RT-PCR positive asymptomatic COVID-19 patients.

To investigate chest computed tomography (ct) findings in asymptomatic patients tested positive for coronavirus disease (covid-19) by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr).Material and methods the chest ct images of 64 patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-co v-2) who were rt-pcr test-positive but asymptomatic were retrospectively evaluated for the appearance and distribution of abnormal parenchymal findings.Results of the 64 patients (mean age 59.4 ± 12; range 23-85), 42 (65%) were female, and 22 (35%) were male, and 16 (25%) of the patients had no abnormal findings on chest ct.Of the remaining 48 patients, lung involvement was bilateral in 32 (67%).Right upper lobe in 26 (54%), right middle lobe in 20 (42%), right lower lobe in 38 (79%), left upper lobe in 27 (56%), and left lower lobe were affected in 34 (71%) patients.The mean number of opacities detected in patients was 7.5 ± 5.7.The opacities were located only peripherally/subpleural in 22 (46%), only centrally/peribronchovascular in 5 (10%), and mixed in 21 (44%) patients.The frequency of pure ground glass opacities (ggo) was 63% ggo with a crazy-paving pattern or consolidation was 33%.Pure consolidation was detected in only two (4%) patients.Parenchymal opacities were only round in 27 (56%), only geographic demarcated in 3 (6%), only patchy in 2 (4%), and mixed in 16 (33%) patients.Conclusion chest ct was normal in only one-quarter of the asymptomatic patients.Ct findings in asymptomatic covid-19 patients were often peripherally located, mostly round-shaped ggo.

Journal: Clinical imaging (2021)
Publication types: Journal Article
Healthcare utilisation of patients with cholecystolithiasis in primary care: a multipractice comparative analysis.

S to examine general practitioners' (gp) management of cholecystolithiasis and to evaluate persisting abdominal complaints in the years after the diagnosis.Design retrospective analysis of registry data and a subset of individual medical records.Setting seventeen primary care practices affiliated with the radboudumc practice based research network in the netherlands.Participants 633 patients with cholecystolithiasis diagnosed between 2012 and 2016.Primary and secondary outcome measures the primary outcome of this study was the healthcare utilisation of patients with cholecystolithiasis diagnosed by the gp in terms of referrals to secondary care, laboratory diagnostics, prescribed medication and the prevalence of concomitant abdominal-related diagnoses in a time interval of 3 years before and 3 years after diagnosis of cholecystolithiasis.For secondary outcomes, electronic medical records were studied from seven practices to assess emergency department visits, operation rates and repeat visits for persistent abdominal symptoms.We compared the non-referred group with the referred group.Results in 57% of patients, concomitant abdominal-related diagnoses were recorded besides the diagnosis cholecystolithiasis.In-depth analyses of 294 patients showed a referral rate of 79.3% (n=233); 62.9% (n=185) underwent cholecystectomy.After referral, 55.4% (129/233) returned to the gp for persistent abdominal symptoms.Patients returning after referral were more often treated for another abdominal-related diagnosis before cholecystolithiasis was recorded (51.9% vs 28.8%, p<0.001).Conclusions the majority of patients in general practice with gallstones are referred and undergo cholecystectomy.Patients with concomitant abdominal-related diagnoses are likely to return to their physician.Gps should inform patients about these outcomes to improve the shared decision-making process before gallbladder surgery.

Journal: BMJ open (2021)
Publication types: Journal Article
Aspirin metabolite sodium salicylate selectively inhibits transcriptional activity of ATF6α and downstream target genes.

In response to er stress, activating transcription factor 6 (atf6) traffics from er to golgi apparatus where it is activated by cleavage before being translocated as transcription factor to the cell nucleus.In this work we describe atf6α as a newly target of the aspirin metabolite sodium salicylate (na sal).Na sal treatment of cells induces increases in atf6α m rna and protein levels, but these events are not accompanied by atf6 activation.Conversely, na sal inhibited atf6 transactivating activity elicited by various er stress-inducing stimuli in different cell types.This resulted in reduced expression of a subset of atf6α target genes.Mechanistically, exposure of cells to na sal results in atf6α trapping at the golgi apparatus, thus preventing nuclear translocation.This study provides evidence that na sal compound restrains the activity of atf6α, thereby preventing activation of a specific subset of er-stress responsive genes implicated in different cellular responses.

Journal: Scientific reports (2017)
Publication types: Journal Article;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Physical Simulation of Ultrasonic Imaging Logging Response.

Ultrasonic imaging logging can visually identify the location, shape, dip angle and orientation of fractures and holes.The method has not been effectively applied in the field; one of the prime reasons is that the results of physical simulation experiments are insufficient.The physical simulation of fracture and hole response in the laboratory can provide a reference for the identification and evaluation of the underground geological structure.In this work, ultrasonic scanning experiments are conducted on a grooved sandstone plate and a simulated borehole and the influence of different fractures and holes on ultrasonic pulse echo is studied.Experimental results show that the combination of ultrasonic echo amplitude imaging and arrival time imaging can be used to identify the fracture location, width, depth and orientation, along with accurately calculating the fracture dip angle.The evaluated fracture parameters are similar to those in the physical simulation model.The identification accuracy of the ultrasonic measurement is related to the diameter of the radiation beam of the ultrasonic transducer.A single fracture with width larger than or equal to the radiation beam diameter of the ultrasonic transducer and multiple fractures with spacing longer than or equal to the radiation beam diameter can be effectively identified.

Journal: Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
Safety Monitoring of COVID-19 Vaccine Booster Doses Among Adults - United States, September 22, 2021-February 6, 2022.

During september 22, 2021-february 6, 2022, approximately 82.6 million u.s.Residents aged ≥18 years received a covid-19 vaccine booster dose.* the food and drug administration (fda) has authorized a booster dose of either the same product administered for the primary series (homologous) or a booster dose that differs from the product administered for the primary series (heterologous).These booster authorizations apply to all three covid-19 vaccines used in the united states (1-3).†the advisory committee on immunization practices (acip) recommended preferential use of an m rna covid-19 vaccine (m rna-1273 [moderna] or bnt162b2 [pfizer-bio ntech]) for a booster, even for persons who received the ad26.cov2.s (janssen [johnson & johnson]) covid-19 vaccine for their single-dose primary series.§to characterize the safety of covid-19 vaccine boosters among persons aged ≥18 years during september 22, 2021-february 6, 2022, cdc reviewed adverse events and health impact assessments following receipt of a booster that were reported to v-safe, a voluntary smartphone-based safety surveillance system for adverse events after covid-19 vaccination, and adverse events reported to the vaccine adverse event reporting system (vaers), a passive vaccine safety surveillance system managed by cdc and fda.Among 721,562 v-safe registrants aged ≥18 years who reported receiving a booster, 88.8% received homologous covid-19 m rna vaccination.Among registrants who reported a homologous covid-19 m rna booster dose, systemic reactions were less frequent following the booster (58.4% [pfizer-bio ntech] and 64.4% [moderna], respectively) than were those following dose 2 (66.7% and 78.4%, respectively).The adjusted odds of reporting a systemic reaction were higher following a moderna covid-19 vaccine booster, irrespective of the vaccine received for the primary series.Vaers has received 39,286 reports of adverse events after a covid-19 m rna booster vaccination for adults aged ≥18 years, including 36,282 (92.4%) nonserious and 3,004 (7.6%) serious events.Vaccination providers should educate patients that local and systemic reactions are expected following a homologous covid-19 m rna vaccine booster; however, these reactions appear less common than those following dose 2 of an m rna-based vaccine.Cdc and fda will continue to monitor vaccine safety and provide data to guide vaccine recommendations and protect public health.

Journal: MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
Long Noncoding RNA GAS5 Contained in Exosomes Derived from Human Adipose Stem Cells Promotes Repair and Modulates Inflammation in a Chronic Dermal Wound Healing Model.

Chronic recalcitrant wounds result from delayed or slowed healing processes.Underlying inflammation is a substantial risk factor for impaired dermal wound healing and often leads to chronic wound-related sequelae.Human adipose stem cells (h ascs) have shown tremendous potential in regenerative medicine.The goal of this project was to improve the outcome of chronic wounds by harvesting the exosomes from h ascs for therapeutic intervention.The results demonstrate that long noncoding rna gas5 is highly enriched in h asc exosomes and, further, that gas5 is central to promoting wound repair in vitro.To evaluate the outcome of wound healing in a chronic low-grade inflammatory environment, lipopolysaccharide-treated hdf cells were evaluated for their response to h asc exosome treatment.Ingenuity pathway analysis identified inflammation pathways and genes affected by exosomes in a gas5-dependent manner.Using si rna to deplete gas5 in hdf, the results demonstrated that toll-like receptor 7 (tlr7) expression levels were regulated by gas5.Importantly, the results demonstrate that gas5 regulates inflammatory pathway genes in a chronic inflammation environment.The results presented here demonstrate that h asc exosomes are a viable therapeutic that accelerate the healing of chronic recalcitrant wounds.

Journal: Biology (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
Advancing Fifth Percentile Hazard Concentration Estimation Using Toxicity-Normalized Species Sensitivity Distributions.

The species sensitivity distribution (ssd) is an internationally accepted approach to hazard estimation using the probability distribution of toxicity values that is representative of the sensitivity of a group of species to a chemical.Application of ssds in ecological risk assessment has been limited by insufficient taxonomic diversity of species to estimate a statistically robust fifth percentile hazard concentration (hc5).We used the toxicity-normalized ssd (ssdn) approach, (lambert, f.N.; raimondo, s.; barron, m.G.environ.Sci.Technol.2022,56,8278-8289), modified to include all possible normalizing species, to estimate hc5 values for acute toxicity data for groups of carbamate and organophosphorous insecticides.We computed mean and variance of single chemical hc5 values for each chemical using leave-one-out (loo) variance estimation and compared them to ssdn and conventionally estimated hc5 values.Ssdn-estimated hc5 values showed low uncertainty and high accuracy compared to single-chemical ssds when including all possible combinations of normalizing species within the chemical-taxa grouping (carbamate-all species, carbamate-fish, organophosphate-fish, and organophosphate-invertebrate).The ssdn approach is recommended for estimating hc5 values for compounds with insufficient species diversity for hc5 computation or high uncertainty in estimated single-chemical hc5 values.Furthermore, the loo variance approach provides ssd practitioners with a simple computational method to estimate confidence intervals around an hc5 estimate that is nearly identical to the conventionally estimated hc5.

Journal: Environmental science & technology (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article;Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
Calcium-Modified Fe3O4Nanoparticles Encapsulated in Humic Acid for the Efficient Removal of Heavy Metals from Wastewater.

Ca-modified fe3o4nanoparticles encapsulated in humic acid (ha-ca/fe3o4) were produced using a co-precipitation method.Furthermore, the adsorption performance of ha-ca/fe3o4as well as the effect of coexisting ions and mechanisms were evaluated.A good description of the adsorption process was given using pseudo-second-order kinetic and langmuir models.The adsorption capacities of ha-ca/fe3o4for pb2+, cu2+, and cd2+were 208.33, 98.33, and 99.01 mg g-1, respectively.The 0.02-0.1 times concentrations in alkali and alkaline-earth metals promoted pb2+and cd2+adsorption; however, any concentration of alkali and alkaline-earth metals inhibited cu2+-ion adsorption, probably owing to the differences in ionic radii between the interfering and heavy-metal ions.Pb2+, cu2+, and cd2+removal using ha-ca/fe3o4occurred via ion exchange, complexation of o-containing functional groups, mineral precipitation, and π-electron coordination.A method was proposed to calculate the contribution of these mechanisms to the adsorption process.In practice, ha-ca/fe3o4can remove 99% pb2+and 91% cu2+and cd2+from real wastewater samples.Following five adsorption-desorption cycles, ha-ca/fe3o4adsorption capacity did not change significantly.The aforementioned results indicated that ha-ca/fe3o4presented a good potential in removing heavy metals in wastewater.

Journal: Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids (2021)
Publication types: Journal Article
Estimation of manufacturing development costs of cell-based therapies: a feasibility study.

Aims cell-based therapies (cbts) provide opportunities to treat rare and high-burden diseases.Manufacturing development of these innovative products is said to be complex and costly.However, little research is available providing insight into resource use and cost drivers.Therefore, this study aimed to assess the feasibility of estimating the cost of manufacturing development of two cell-based therapy case studies using a cbt cost framework specifically designed for small-scale cell-based therapies.Methods a retrospective costing study was conducted in which the cost of developing an adoptive immunotherapy of epstein-barr virus-specific cytotoxic t lymphocytes (ctls) and a pluripotent stem cell (psc) master cell bank was estimated.Manufacturing development was defined as products advancing from technology readiness level 3 to 6.The study was conducted in a scottish facility.Development steps were recreated via developer focus groups.Data were collected from facility administrative and financial records and developer interviews.Results application of the manufacturing cost framework to retrospectively estimate the manufacturing design cost of two case studies in one scottish facility appeared feasible.Manufacturing development cost was estimated at £1,201,016 for ctls and £494,456 for pscs.Most costs were accrued in the facility domain (56% and 51%), followed by personnel (20% and 32%), materials (19% and 15%) and equipment (4% and 2%).Conclusions based on this study, it seems feasible to retrospectively estimate resources consumed in manufacturing development of cell-based therapies.This fosters inclusion of cost in the formulation and dissemination of best practices to facilitate early and sustainable patient access and inform future cost-conscious manufacturing design decisions.

Journal: Cytotherapy (2021)
Publication types: Journal Article
Morphometric analysis of foramen magnum and occipital condyle using CT images for sex determination in a Saudi Arabian population.

Of the study the objective of this study was to evaluate fm and occipital condyles measurements morphometrically for sex determination by using discriminant function analysis and to note visually the variation in the shape of the foramen magnum in a saudi arabian population by using ct scan images.Material and methods this study included 472 ct scans (236 males and 236 females; age range, 18-72 years).The foramen magnum shapes were classified into 8 types: oval, egg, round, hexagonal, pentagonal, tetragonal, irregular (a) and irregular (b).The intraobserver and interobserver test was done to calculate the reliability of the measurement.Eight dimensions of the fm and occipital condyle were evaluated to determine the sexual dimorphism using an independent t-test.Sex determination was estimated using discriminate function analysis.Results the commonest shape of fm was hexagonal and the tetragonal shape was the least common type.Coefficient of reliability (r) was high, ranging between 0.89 and 0.99, which indicates the measurements are reliable and sufficiently precise.All the eight measurements, the fm length and width, fm index, fm area, the width and length of right and left occipital condyles were significantly greater in males than the female.Univariate discriminant function showed an accuracy rate varying from 61% to 66.6% based on fm or occipital condyles measurements.The multivariate analysis of fm and occipital condyle measurements increased the overall accuracy rate of sex determination to 71.6%.Conclusion the univariate analysis of fm and occipital condyle measurements indicates, that the fm area (66.1%), fml (62.5%), fmw (62.5%) and rocl (62.1%) could be reliable individual variables in sex determination.The multivariate analysis including all the eight variables of fm and occipital condyle increased the accuracy rate of sex determination to 71.6% in determining the sex as male (73.3%) or female (69.9%).The shape of the fm is not useful in sex estimation.The results obtained showed a low degree of sexual dimorphism in the basicranium, the use of this method in forensic anthropology could be helpful for assessment on highly fragmented skull bases.

Journal: Morphologie : bulletin de l'Association des anatomistes (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article