syedzayyan/paper_mill_benchmark huggingface dataset:
Necessity of Individualized Approach for Gastric Subepithelial Tumor Considering Pathologic Discrepancy and Surgical Difficulty Depending on the Gastric Location.

Depending on the location of gastric subepithelial tumors (sets), surgical access is difficult with a risk of postoperative complications.This study aimed to evaluate the clinicopathological characteristics of small-sized gastric sets and their surgical outcomes depending on location and provide considering factors for their treatment plans.Methods: this single-center, retrospective study reviewed patients who underwent surgical resection for gastric sets (size 65 years (odds ratio (or), 3.183; 95% confidence interval (ci), 1.310−7.735; p = 0.011), and non-cardiac sets (or, 2.472; 95% ci, 1.110−5.507; p = 0.030) were associated with a significant risk of malignancy.Compared to sets in other locations, cardiac sets showed more complications (3 versus 0; p = 0.000), and open conversion rates (2 versus 0; p = 0.003).However, the proportion of gists of sets in the cardia is not negligible (52.9%).Conclusions: considering the malignancy risk of sets, active surgical resection should be considered in old age and/or location in the non-cardiac area.However, in young patients, sets located in the gastric cardia have a considerably benign nature and are associated with poor short-term surgical outcomes.An individualized surgical approach for asymptomatic small sets according to the gastric location is warranted.

Journal: Journal of clinical medicine (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
Advances in the study of CDC42 in the female reproductive system.

Cdc42 is a member of the rho-gtpase family and is involved in a variety of cellular functions including regulation of cell cycle progression, constitution of the actin backbone and membrane transport.In particular, cdc42 plays a key role in the establishment of polarity in female vertebrate oocytes, and essential to this major regulatory role is its local occupation of specific regions of the cell to ensure that the contractile ring is assembled at the right time and place to ensure proper gametogenesis.The multifactor controlled 'inactivation-activation' process of cdc42 also allows it to play an important role in the multilevel signalling network, and the synergistic regulation of multiple genes ensures maximum precision during gametogenesis.The purpose of this paper is to review the role of cdc42 in the control of gametogenesis and to explore its related mechanisms, with the aim of further understanding the great research potential of cdc42 in female vertebrate germ cells and its future clinical translation.

Journal: Journal of cellular and molecular medicine (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't;Review
Development and pilot implementation of a patient-oriented discharge summary for critically Ill patients.

Patients leaving the intensive care unit (icu) often experience gaps in care due to deficiencies in discharge communication, leaving them vulnerable to increased stress, adverse events, readmission to icu, and death.To facilitate discharge communication, written summaries have been implemented to provide patients and their families with information on medications, activity and diet restrictions, follow-up appointments, symptoms to expect, and who to call if there are questions.While written discharge summaries for patients and their families are utilized frequently in surgical, rehabilitation, and pediatric settings, few have been utilized in icu settings.Aim to develop an icu specific patient-oriented discharge summary tool (pods-icu), and pilot test the tool to determine acceptability and feasibility.Methods patient-partners (i.e., individuals with lived experience as an icu patient or family member of an icu patient), icu clinicians (i.e., physicians, nurses), and researchers met to discuss icu patients' specific informational needs and design the pods-icu through several cycles of discussion and iterative revisions.Research team nurses piloted the pods-icu with patient and family participants in two icus in calgary, canada.Follow-up surveys on the pods-icu and its impact on discharge were administered to patients, family participants, and icu nurses.Results most participants felt that their discharge from the icu was good or better (n= 13; 87.0%), and some (n= 9; 60.0%) participants reported a good understanding of why the patient was in icu.Most participants (n= 12; 80.0%) reported that they understood icu events and impacts on the patient's health.While many patients and family participants indicated the pods-icu was informative and useful, icu nurses reported that the pods-icu was "not reasonable" in their daily clinical workflow due to "time constraint".Conclusion the pods-icu tool provides patients and their families with essential information as they discharge from the icu.This tool has the potential to engage and empower patients and their families in ensuring continuity of care beyond icu discharge.However, the pods-icu requires pairing with earlier discharge practices and integration with electronic clinical information systems to fit better into the clinical workflow for icu nurses.Further refinement and testing of the pods-icu tool in diverse critical care settings is needed to better assess its feasibility and its effects on patient health outcomes.

Journal: World journal of critical care medicine (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
Activation of LXR Nuclear Receptors Impairs the Anti-Inflammatory Gene and Functional Profile of M-CSF-Dependent Human Monocyte-Derived Macrophages.

Liver x receptors (lxr) control cholesterol metabolism and exert anti-inflammatory actions but their contribution to human macrophage polarization remains unclear.The lxr pathway is enriched in pro-inflammatory macrophages from rheumatoid arthritis as well as in tumors-associated macrophages from human tumors.We now report that lxr activation inhibits the anti-inflammatory gene and functional profile of m-csf-dependent human macrophages, and prompts the acquisition of a pro-inflammatory gene signature, with both effects being blocked by an lxr inverse agonist.Mechanistically, the lxr-stimulated macrophage polarization shift correlates with diminished expression of mafb and maf, which govern the macrophage anti-inflammatory profile, and with enhanced release of activin a.Indeed, lxr activation impaired macrophage polarization in response to tumor-derived ascitic fluids, as well as the expression of maf- and mafb-dependent genes.Our results demonstrate that lxr activation limits the anti-inflammatory human macrophage polarization and prompts the acquisition of an inflammatory transcriptional and functional profile.

Journal: Frontiers in immunology (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Tea Polyphenols as Prospective Natural Attenuators of Brain Aging.

No organism can avoid the process of aging, which is often accompanied by chronic disease.The process of biological aging is driven by a series of interrelated mechanisms through different signal pathways, including oxidative stress, inflammatory states, autophagy and others.In addition, the intestinal microbiota play a key role in regulating oxidative stress of microglia, maintaining homeostasis of microglia and alleviating age-related diseases.Tea polyphenols can effectively regulate the composition of the intestinal microbiota.In recent years, the potential anti-aging benefits of tea polyphenols have attracted increasing attention because they can inhibit neuroinflammation and prevent degenerative effects in the brain.The interaction between human neurological function and the gut microbiota suggests that intervention with tea polyphenols is a possible way to alleviate brain-aging.Studies have been undertaken into the possible mechanisms underpinning the preventative effect of tea polyphenols on brain-aging mediated by the intestinal microbiota.Tea polyphenols may be regarded as potential neuroprotective substances which can act with high efficiency and low toxicity.

Journal: Nutrients (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article;Review
Musculoskeletal disorders increases the insomnia severity in nurses.

S to determine prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders and the relationship between insomnia severity among nurses working in a training and research hospital.Material and methods this descriptive study was carried out with 293 nurses.Cornell musculoskeletal disorders questionnaire for musculoskeletal disorders and insomnia severity index were used to determine the insomnia severity.Results in our study, the severity of the discomfort was mostly moderate and mild in painful areas.There was a significant difference in terms of gender, educational status, marital status, seniority, types of working, and presence of chronic diseases for musculoskeletal disorders in different body regions (p<0.05).It was determined that the threshold level of insomnia was significantly higher in those with musculoskeletal disorders in other body regions except the knee and lower leg region (p<0.05).Conclusion in our study, it was determined that musculoskeletal disorders were common in the upper body areas and the severity of insomnia was at the threshold level.Neck, right shoulder and right upper arm were risky body areas for insomnia.

Journal: Sleep science (Sao Paulo, Brazil) (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
The role of heavy metals in thyroid cancer: A meta-analysis.

Introduction metal ions are known to accumulate in the thyroid and some play an important role in the function and homeostatic mechanisms of the thyroid gland.Certain metal ions are known endocrine disruptors while others are classified to be carcinogenic.Although higher thyroid cancer incidence rates have been reported in regions with high metal levels in soil and drinking water, including volcanic regions, the effect of heavy metals on the thyroid is still poorly understood.To investigate the association between heavy metals and thyroid cancer, a comprehensive meta-analysis was performed to draw a more evidence-based conclusion for individual metal ions.Material and methods nineteen studies were included in this meta-analysis, of which 9 studies reported blood metal ion levels, 8 studies reported tissue metal ion levels and 2 studies reported blood and tissue metal ion levels.The standardized mean difference (smd) was calculated between thyroid cancer patients group and a control group (benign thyroid patients group or healthy controls group) per study.Results a significant positive smd in manganese tissue levels between thyroid cancer patients and benign thyroid patients (smd: 0.56 (95 % ci: 0.16, 0.95)) and a significant negative smd in cobalt blood levels between thyroid cancer patients and healthy controls (smd: -2.03 (95 % ci: -3.95, -0.10)) was found.No difference in levels of other metals in blood or thyroid tissue between thyroid cancer patients and non-thyroid cancer patients was noted.Discussion and conclusion the present meta-analysis therefore demonstrates the urgent need for future studies, especially given the increasing exposure of the general population to various environmental pollutants, including metal ions, and the thyroid cancer burden worldwide.

Journal: Journal of trace elements in medicine and biology : organ of the Society for Minerals and Trace Elements (GMS) (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article;Meta-Analysis;Review
Extension of Collagen Deposition in COVID-19 Post Mortem Lung Samples and Computed Tomography Analysis Findings.

Lung fibrosis has specific computed tomography (ct) findings and represents a common finding in advanced covid-19 pneumonia whose reversibility has been poorly investigated.The aim of this study was to quantify the extension of collagen deposition and aeration in postmortem cryobiopsies of critically ill covid-19 patients and to describe the correlations with qualitative and quantitative analyses of lung ct.Postmortem transbronchial cryobiopsy samples were obtained, formalin fixed, paraffin embedded and stained with sirius red to quantify collagen deposition, defining fibrotic samples as those with collagen deposition above 10%.Lung ct images were analyzed qualitatively with a radiographic score and quantitatively with computer-based analysis at the lobe level.Thirty samples from 10 patients with covid-19 pneumonia deceased during invasive mechanical ventilation were included in this study.The median [interquartile range] percent collagen extension was 6.8% (4.6-16.2%).In fibrotic compared to nonfibrotic samples, the qualitative score was higher (260 (250-290) vs.190 (120-270),p= 0.036) while the gas fraction was lower (0.46 (0.32-0.47) vs.0.59 (0.37-0.68),p= 0.047).A radiographic score above 230 had 100% sensitivity (95% confidence interval, ci: 66.4% to 100%) and 66.7% specificity (95% ci: 41.0% to 92.3%) to detect fibrotic samples, while a gas fraction below 0.57 had 100% sensitivity (95% ci: 66.4% to 100%) and 57.1% specificity (95% ci: 26.3% to 88.0%).In covid-19 pneumonia, qualitative and quantitative analyses of lung ct images have high sensitivity but moderate to low specificity to detect histopathological fibrosis.Pseudofibrotic ct findings do not always correspond to increased collagen deposition.

Journal: International journal of molecular sciences (2021)
Publication types: Journal Article
A case of thyrotoxicosis-induced anemia in a patient with painless thyroiditis.

There have been several reports of secondary anemia associated with graves' disease.There are no reports of secondary anemia resulting from thyrotoxicosis due to painless thyroiditis (silent thyroiditis).We report the case of a patient with pancreatic diabetes who developed anemia caused by thyrotoxicosis due to painless thyroiditis.Case presentation the patient was a 37-year-old man who visited the hospital complaining of fatigue, palpitations, and dyspnea.His hemoglobin was 110 g/l (reference range, 135-176), and mean corpuscular volume was 81.5 fl (81.7-101.6).His free thyroxine (ft4) was high, at 100.4 pmol/l (11.6-21.9); the free triiodothyronine (ft3) was high, at 27.49 pmol/l (3.53-6.14); tsh was low, at < 0.01 m iu/l (0.50-5.00); and tsh receptor antibody was negative.Soluble il-2 receptor (s il-2r) was high, at 1340 u/ml (122-496); c-reactive protein (crp) was high, at 6900 μg/l (< 3000); and reticulocytes was high, at 108 109/l (30-100).Serum iron (fe) was 9.5 (9.1-35.5), ferritin was 389 μg/l (13-401), haptoglobin was 0.66 g/l (0.19-1.70.Propranolol was prescribed and followed up.Anemia completely disappeared by 12 weeks after disease onset.Thyroid hormones and s il-2r had normalized by 16 weeks after onset.He developed mild hypothyroidism and was treated with l-thyroxine at 24 weeks.Conclusions this is the first case report of transient secondary anemia associated with thyrotoxicosis due to painless thyroiditis.The change in s il-2r was also observed during the clinical course of thyrotoxicosis and anemia, suggesting the immune processes in thyroid gland and bone marrow.

Journal: Thyroid research (2021)
Publication types: Journal Article
Survey on Use of Local and Systemic Corticosteroids in the Management of Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps: Identification of Unmet Clinical Needs.

Local and systemic corticosteroids have long been the workhorse in management of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (crsw np), although there is no universally accepted modality of prescription.We carried out a survey in italy to capture current trends in the use of topical and systemic corticosteroids in patients with crsw np.methods: a survey was set up on survey monkey®.Each author distributed the link to the survey in an ad hoc manner and a total of 437 participants filled out the survey.results: mometasone furoate (79.3%) was the most frequently prescribed, administered daily by 61.9% of participants; the remaining preferred to discontinue treatment for brief periods to reduce side effects or to modulate the therapy in mild cases.The majority believe that a short cycle of systemic steroids should be prescribed for re-exacerbation of symptoms and that the number of cycles in the previous year should be evaluated to define control of the disease even if international guidelines do not provide clear indications on this topic.A certain degree of divergence emerged from responses regarding how long and the maximal dose of systemic steroids which place patients at high risk for adverse events.Finally, systemic corticosteroids seem to offer only temporary benefit on recovery of smell without guaranteeing long-term control even if the patient is adherent to topical corticosteroids.conclusions: our results highlight the need for clear guidelines on oral steroids, which could help supporting the use of a precision medicine approach, including indications for new biological agents.

Journal: Journal of personalized medicine (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
Transforming an educational ecosystem for substance use disorders: A multi-modal model for continuous curricular improvement and institutional change.

Health professions curricula are created to prepare learners to effectively address health issues affecting individ uals and their communities.Ideally, curricula emphasize the predominant biopsychosocial influences impacting the health of diverse populations.However, despite decades of investment and advances in educational research and design, we have failed to create a health professional workforce capable of equitably meeting the health care needs of the public.Particular communities, geographic regions, and patients with stigmatized diagnoses continue to be underserved, and the potential contributions of multidisciplinary health professionals and advanced practice providers continue to be unrealized within a predominantly physician-centric health care model.Genuine educational transformation requires multidimensional, iterative strategies used to meaningfully evolve traditional classroom curricula, break from the implicit and "hidden" curricula, and enrich the educational ecosystem in which all operate.This manuscript elaborates the construct and process of "educational ecosystem transformation" as a tool for the evolution of the educational ecosystem and its situated curriculum that will eventually drive the enrichment of the healthcare workforce.Drawing from traditional models of curriculum development, recent work on transforming the hidden curriculum, the clinical learning environment, and change management strategies, this new approach uses a health equity and structural competence lens to interrogate and deconstruct a learning system in order to identify opportunities to change, strengthen, and deepen a learner's experience around a specific topic.This process requires an in-depth, multidimensional assessment followed by the identification of key change targets and a stepwise, iterative plan for improvement and transformation.The topic area of substance use disorders (sud) is used to illustrate how this complex process might be employed to improve the quality of care, realize and amplify the contributions of the entire healthcare team, stimulate interest in addiction medicine as a career, and reduce the stigma and disparities patients with suds often experience.

Journal: Substance abuse (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article;Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
Comparison of transverse versus longitudinal skin incisions for femoral endarterectomy and patchplasty.

Introduction access to the femoral artery for a femoral endarterectomy and patchplasty (cfe) can be undertaken either through transverse (ti) or longitudinal incision (li).Lis have been shown in previous studies to have higher groin complications though these were undertaken in multiple types of vascular procedures.We looked at wound complications for patients undergoing elective cfe procedures only with or without angioplasty via ti or li.Methods all patients who had undergone cfe were retrospectively analysed from a prospective database.Length of stay, wound complications and readmission rates were recorded.Factors for wound complication were looked at using logistic regression with backward elimination.Results 122 cfe procedures were performed (30 ti) over the study period.92 (76.7%) of patients had a prosthetic patch used, whilst 57 (46.7%) patients underwent an adjunctive endovascular procedure, namely, iliac angioplasty and stenting.Median length of stay was 3 days for both groups.The wound complication rate was 6.7% in the ti group and 22.6% in the li group.85.6% of the wound complications were identified after discharge.6/122 (4.9%) were readmitted for intravenous antibiotics, whilst others were managed in the outpatient setting.Ti (a or = 0.15; 95% 0.03-0.75) and combined open fe with endovascular revascularisation (a or = 0.33; 95% 0.11-0.95) had protective effects on wound complications.Type of the patch used was not associated with any wound complications (p= 0.07).Conclusion compared to traditional li, ti for cfe and ota have lower risk of wound complications and reduced readmission rates in our series.We advocate adopting ti as the standard for femoral artery procedures rather than li.

Journal: Vascular (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
Is prodrug design an approach to increase water solubility?

Water solubility has been identified as a critical parameter and the main responsible by affecting poor performance of oral drug delivery.Poorly soluble drugs can originate unsatisfactory adme properties leading to low oral bioavailability, insufficient chemical stability, low half-life, fast pre-systemic metabolism and difficulties in formulation.In this context, the prodrug design is an alternative in order to improve physicochemical, biopharmaceutical and pharmacokinetic properties such as permeability, solubility, bioavailability, chemical stability and metabolism of molecules presenting poor drug-like properties.In this article we highlight the importance of the prodrug design in the early stages of drug discovery and development process, in an attempt to diminish the attrition rate and end up falling into the valley of death.Selected examples of this strategy are provided in this review and they are classified by some basic functional groups that are amenable to the prodrug approach with the aim of increasing aqueous solubility of poorly water-soluble compounds.Over the past decade, the number of approved prodrugs is considerable among all drugs launched in the market, emphasizing the importance of this tool on drug design.It is reported that 10% of all marketed drug worldwide can be classified as prodrugs.Furthermore, prodrugs designed to be more water soluble launched in the past decade are summarized in a table to have a closer look and finally state that the prodrug design is an amenable approach to increase water solubility.

Journal: International journal of pharmaceutics (2019)
Publication types: Journal Article;Review