syedzayyan/paper_mill_benchmark huggingface dataset:
A survey of healthcare workers' recommendations about human papillomavirus vaccination.

The human papillomavirus (hpv) vaccine is safe and effective for preventing hpv-related diseases.However, hpv vaccination rates in japan are low because the "ministry of health, labour and welfare" had stopped recommending vaccination.We assessed healthcare workers' (hcws) current recommendations regarding the hpv vaccine and how the provision of information about hpv vaccination affected their recommendations.Materials and methods a survey was conducted among nurses and physicians in nara prefecture from march 2021 to july 2021.The questionnaire asked about their understanding, recommendations, and opinions regarding hpv vaccination.Before answering the last two questions (optional), the hcws read evidence-based information quantifying the risks and benefits of hpv vaccination.Results a total of 441 hcws completed the questionnaire.Only 19% of hcws always recommended hpv vaccination for girls aged 12-16 years.The evidence-based information significantly improved the percentage of hcws who would "always recommend" vaccination.Conclusion this study showed that the proportion of hcws who recommend hpv vaccination to adolescent girls remains low in japan.However, we found that evidence-based information describing the causal relationship between adverse events and vaccination, quantifying the risks and benefits, noting the importance of hcw communications with families, and reporting the recommendations of national societies, might increase hcws' recommendations for hpv vaccination.

Journal: Clinical and experimental vaccine research (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
Fire ignition patterns to manage prescribed fire behavior: Application to Mediterranean pine forests.

Climate change and the accumulation of surface fuel are leading to global changes in the occurrence of increasingly severe fires.In light of current budgetary constraints, prescribed fire can be a very cost-efficient tool for both reducing wildfire hazards and managing fire-prone landscapes.However, despite its widespread use in some countries, social and administrative constraints arise when applied at the european or larger scales.Science-based knowledge concerning fire behavior, fuel load reduction, and tree impacts is required to support the use of prescribed fire.Spatial ignition patterns can increase or decrease the spread rate, flame length, and flame residence time according to the objectives of a prescribed fire.This work aims to analyze fire behavior using different fire ignition patterns (strip-heading fire, flanking fire, and spot-heading fire) and meteorological and fuel conditions.Seventy-seven observations or sampling units using twenty-three prescribed fires were established for fire monitoring.Non-linear models based on environmental variables were fitted for the spread rate and flame length.Our study proposes a novel way of sharing scientific knowledge in relation to the most common distances between ignition lines and ignition points used in the southern iberian peninsula.The spread rate and flame length can be increased in strip-heading fire, by more than 3.5-fold and more than 1.95-fold, respectively, by modifying only the distance between ignition lines.Flanking fire could lead to a decrease in the spread rate by approximately half.Although spot-heading fire can reduce the spread rate by more than 78% and flame length by more than 41%, the highest distances between points could increase the flame residence time by 39-132%.This research seeks to achieve a trade-off between fire intensity and the impacts of fire on trees, soil, and surface roots.

Journal: Journal of environmental management (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
Bioorthogonal Chemistry and Its Applications.

Bioorthogonal chemistry is a set of methods using the chemistry of non-native functional groups to explore and understand biology in living organisms.In this review, we summarize the most common reactions used in bioorthogonal methods, their relative advantages and disadvantages, and their frequency of occurrence in the published literature.We also briefly discuss some of the less common but potentially useful methods.We then analyze the bioorthogonal-related publications in the cas content collection to determine how often different types of biomolecules such as proteins, carbohydrates, glycans, and lipids have been studied using bioorthogonal chemistry.The most prevalent biological and chemical methods for attaching bioorthogonal functional groups to these biomolecules are elaborated.We also analyze the publication volume related to different types of bioorthogonal applications in the cas content collection.The use of bioorthogonal chemistry for imaging, identifying, and characterizing biomolecules and for delivering drugs to treat disease is discussed at length.Bioorthogonal chemistry for the surface attachment of proteins and in the use of modified carbohydrates is briefly noted.Finally, we summarize the state of the art in bioorthogonal chemistry and its current limitations and promise for its future productive use in chemistry and biology.

Journal: Bioconjugate chemistry (2021)
Publication types: Journal Article;Review
Essential Oil Composition and Bioactivity of Two Juniper Species from Bulgaria and Slovakia.

Juniperus excelsa m.Bieb and j.Sabina l.Contain essential oil (eo), while j.Sabinaalso contains podophyllotoxin, which is used as a precursor for anti-cancer drugs.Two studies were conducted.The first assessed the variability in the eo profile and podophyllotoxin concentration of the two junipers, depending on the location and tree gender.The main eo constituents of j.Excelsawere α-cedrol, α-limonene and α-pinene, while the constituents in j.Sabinawere sabinene, terpinen-4-ol, myrtenyl acetate and α-cadinol.The podophyllotoxin yield of 18j.Sabinaaccessions was 0.07-0.32% (w/w), but this was not found in any of the j.Excelsaaccessions.The second study assessed the effect of hydrodistillation (clevenger apparatus) and steam distillation (in a semi-commercial apparatus) on the eo profile and bioactivity.The extraction type did not significantly alter the eo composition.The eo profiles of the two junipers and their accessions were different and may be of interest to the industry utilizing juniper leaf eo.Breeding and selection programs could be developed with the two junipers (protected species) in order to identify chemotypes with (1) a high eo content and desirable composition, and (2) a high concentration of podophyllotoxin in j.Sabina.Such chemotypes could be established as agricultural crops for the commercial production of podophyllotoxin and eo.

Journal: Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) (2021)
Publication types: Journal Article
Analysis of Factors Affecting Individuals' Online Consumer Credit Behavior: Evidence From China.

In the past two decades, a growing number of chinese young adults utilize online consumer credit to satisfy their increasing consumption demand.Although it is indeed boosting consumer markets, it has also caused many serious social problems.A number of previous studies discussed the authentication mechanism and legal supervision of online lending from a legal or economic perspective, and a small number of scholars explored factors affecting individuals' online consumer credit from the perspective of behavioral psychology.Based on the triandis model and existing studies on online lending, this paper constructs a theoretical model for the formation of individuals' online consumer credit.It then adopts smart pls 3.00 to analyze the data set that involves 302 respondents in total.This research found that affect, facilitating conditions, perceived consequences and social factors have a significant impact on individuals' online consumer credit.The findings of this study have political and practical implications.First, they can contribute to the rational consumption by china's young generation and promote the sound development of online consumer credit.In the meantime, this study also helps online consumer credit platforms to provide better services and improve public relations.

Journal: Frontiers in psychology (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
Contrast variation SAXS: Sample preparation protocols, experimental procedures, and data analysis.

Proteins and nucleic acids, alone and in complex are among the essential building blocks of living organisms.Obtaining a molecular level understanding of their structures, and the changes that occur as they interact, is critical for expanding our knowledge of life processes or disease progression.Here, we motivate and describe an application of solution small angle x-ray scattering (saxs) which provides valuable information about the structures, ensembles, compositions and dynamics of protein-nucleic acid complexes in solution, in equilibrium and time-resolved studies.Contrast variation (cv-) saxs permits the visualization of the distinct molecular constituents (protein and/or nucleic acid) within a complex.Cv-saxs can be implemented in two modes.In the simplest, the protein within the complex is effectively rendered invisible by the addition of an inert contrast agent at an appropriate concentration.Under these conditions, the structure, or structural changes of only the nucleic acid component of the complex can be studied in detail.The second mode permits observation of both components of the complex: the protein and the nucleic acid.This approach requires the acquisition of saxs profiles on the complex at different concentrations of a contrast agent.Here, we review cv-saxs as applied to protein-nucleic acid complexes in both modes.We provide some theoretical framework for cv-saxs but focus primarily on providing the necessary information required to implement a successful experiment including experimental design, sample quality assessment, and data analysis.

Journal: Methods in enzymology (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article;Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.;Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Use of open-ended questionnaires to examine the effects of tinnitus and its relation to patient-reported outcome measures.

The primary aim of the study was to examine the automated linguistic analysis of the open-ended problem (pq) and life-effects (leq) questionnaires to understand the psychological effects of tinnitus.Design the study used a cross-sectional design.Participants completed online questionnaires which included demographic questions, several standardised patient-reported outcome measures (proms), and two open-ended questions focussing on pq and leq related to tinnitus.The response to open-ended questions was analysed using the linguistic inquiry word count (liwc) software to identify the frequency of text on various linguistic dimensions relevant to tinnitus.Study sample 336 individuals with tinnitus.Results the study results point to two broad findings.First, although pq and leq have some similarities with proms (e.g.The linguistic dimensionnegative emotionshaving a weak positive correlation with anxiety and depression), no correlation with the number of dimensions suggests that the open-ended questions identify additional elements that are not captured in proms.Second, more linguistic dimensions from the pq correlate with proms compared to leq suggesting that the current proms are problem-oriented.Conclusions the study results support the idea that the use of open-ended questions in addition to proms may help optimise the efforts in examining the effects of chronic conditions such as tinnitus.

Journal: International journal of audiology (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article;Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Metformin, chronic nephropathy and lactic acidosis: a multi-faceted issue for the nephrologist.

Metformin is currently considered a first-line therapy in type 2 diabetic patients.After issuing warnings for decades about the risks of lactic acidosis in patients with chronic nephropathy, metformin is now being re-evaluated.The most recent evidence from the literature has demonstrated both a low, acceptable risk of lactic acidosis and a series of favorable effects, which go beyond its hypoglycemic activity.Patients treated with metformin show a significant mortality reduction and lower progression towards end-stage renal disease in comparison with those treated with other hypoglycemic drugs.Concerning lactic acidosis, in the last few years it has been shown how lactic acidosis almost always developed when patients kept taking the drug in the face of a concomitant disease or situation such as sepsis, fever, diarrhea, vomiting, which reduced metformin renal clearance.Actually, clearance of metformin is mainly renal, both by glomerular filtration and tubular secretion (apparent clearance 933-1317 ml/min, half-life < 3 h).As regards treatment, in cases of lactic acidosis complicated by acute kidney injury, continuous renal replacement therapy (crrt) plays a crucial role.Besides the elimination of metformin, crrt improves survival by correcting acidosis, electrolyte alterations, and maintaining fluid balance.Lactic acidosis almost always develops because of preventable drug accumulation.Therefore, prevention is a key factor.Patients should be aware that discontinuation for a limited time does not affect their health, even when it may be inappropriate, but it may avoid a serious, potentially fatal adverse event.

Journal: Journal of nephrology (2021)
Publication types: Journal Article;Review
Designing transmissible viral vaccines for evolutionary robustness and maximum efficiency.

The danger posed by emerging infectious diseases necessitates the development of new tools that can mitigate the risk of animal pathogens spilling over into the human population.One promising approach is the development of recombinant viral vaccines that are transmissible, and thus capable of self-dissemination through hard to reach populations of wild animals.Indeed, mathematical models demonstrate that transmissible vaccines can greatly reduce the effort required to control the spread of zoonotic pathogens in their animal reservoirs, thereby limiting the chances of human infection.A key challenge facing these new vaccines, however, is the inevitability of evolutionary change resulting from their ability to self-replicate and generate extended chains of transmission.Further, carrying immunogenic transgenes is often costly, in terms of metabolic burden, increased competition with the pathogen, or due to unintended interactions with the viral host regulatory network.As a result, natural selection is expected to favor vaccine strains that down-regulate or delete these transgenes resulting in increased rates of transmission and reduced efficacy against the target pathogen.In addition, efficacy and evolutionary stability will often be at odds; as when longer, more efficacious antigens experience faster rates of evolutionary decay.Here, we ask how such trade-offs influence the overall performance of transmissible vaccines.We find that evolutionary instability can substantially reduce performance, even for vaccine candidates with the ideal combination of efficacy and transmission.However, we find that, at least in some cases, vaccine stability and overall performance can be improved by the inclusion of a second, redundant antigen.Overall, our results suggest that the successful application of recombinant transmissible vaccines will require consideration of evolutionary dynamics and epistatic effects, as well as basic measurements of epidemiological features.

Journal: Virus evolution (2021)
Publication types: Journal Article
Preparation, characterization, and analysis of multi-walled carbon nanotube-based nanofluid: an aggregate based interpretation.

Nanofluids are gaining attention as an attractive solution for the sustainable machining of difficult-to-cut materials.Despite the enormous recent work in the literature, there are still contradictions concerning the effect of different preparation factors on the characteristics of nanofluids and the underlying mechanisms governing them.In the present study, the effect of varying the preparation factors, namely, multi-walled carbon nanotube (mwcnt) concentration, sonication time, and surfactant amount on various nanofluid characteristics and the interactions among these characteristics were studied.The characteristics are divided into two categories: (a) dispersion/stability and (b) viscosity/wettability.The analysis showed strong interactions between these two categories which were mainly attributed to aggregates' formation and dynamics.For the stability/dispersion responses, the effect of aggregation and saturation phenomena is discussed in relation to the different preparation factors.Our analysis shows that the nanofluid viscosity is strongly dependent on aggregate morphology.As for wettability, a novel mechanism is proposed and used to explain the nanoparticles' influence on wettability based on the nanolayering theory.Finally, multi objective optimization (moo) based on grey relational analysis (gra) was performed.It was found that moderate mwcnt concentration, high sonication time, and low surfactant amount show the optimal characteristics within the current study design variables search domain.The novelty in the present study lies in its consideration of the simultaneous interaction between the nanofluids' properties and stability.Unlike the common practice in the literature, which focuses on one or two aspects of nanofluids, our approach broadens the analysis and provides in-depth insights into the nanofluid as a complete physical system.

Journal: RSC advances (2021)
Publication types: Journal Article
Testing-Specific Skating Performance in Ice Hockey.

Hajek, f, keller, m, taube, w, von duvillard, sp, bell, jw, and wagner, h.Testing-specific skating performance in ice hockey.J strength cond res 35(12s): s70-s75, 2020-skating performance generally determines overall performance in ice hockey but has not been measured adequately in the past.Consequently, the aim of the study was to develop and validate a specific overall skating performance test for ice hockey (sospt) that includes similar movements and intensities as in competition.Ten male elite under-14-year and under-18-year old ice hockey players performed the sospt (2 heats only) and a 40-m on-ice sprinting test twice within 8 days.Additionally, 14 under-15, 18 under-17, and 20 under-20 male elite ice hockey players performed only the sospt (4 heats).Time was measured from the first subject's movement during a v-start until crossing the line (40-m on-ice sprinting test), first touch of the shoulder on the mat (heat #1 in the sospt) or first touch of the puck with the stick (heat #2 in the sospt) using a hand stopwatch.We found a high test-retest reliability of the sospt and 40-m on-ice sprinting test (interclass correlation coefficient, >0.7; coefficient of variation, 0.70) between an expert rating and the sospt, and a low correlation between the 40-m on-ice sprinting test and the sospt in the under-14 and under-18 players.The results of the study reveal that the sospt is a reliable and valid test to determine the specific overall skating performance in ice hockey players and is more suitable compared with straight skating tests of the 40-m on-ice sprinting test.

Journal: Journal of strength and conditioning research (2021)
Publication types: Journal Article
Invasive infections due toMagnusiomyces capitatus: case report and review of its prevalence in China.

Magnusiomyces capitatusis an emerging opportunistic yeast, thus far mainly reported from the western world where fungemia is the most frequent presentation in immunocompromised patients with high mortality.We described a rare case of magnusiomyces capitatusinfection from our hospital in china and reviewed six further cases published to date in chinese literature.It is noted that half more of the cases (4/7) presented with fungemia in younger, immunosuppressed patients, whereas the remaining cases were with pneumonia in elderly, immunocompetent patients.All seven chinese cases had favourable outcome with antifungal therapy.Based on the limited in vitro and clinical data, a combination of amphotericin b either with 5-fluorocytosine or voriconazole for fungemia in immunocompromised patients, and although fluconazole is not recommended as first-line therapy in the guideline, in our study, fluconazole alone or with 5-fluorocytosine for local pulmonary infection in immunocompetent patients is effective with good outcome.

Journal: Mycology (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
Safety considerations with biologics and new inflammatory bowel disease therapies.

Of review the safety profile of therapies is an important issue that should always be shared with patients when choosing their treatment.The introduction of biologics over the past 2 decades represented a breakthrough in the management of inflammatory bowel diseases (ibds).With better understanding of the pathophysiology of the disease, emerging therapies targeting different mechanisms of action have been developed including targeted monoclonal antibodies and small molecules.However, increasing concerns about the safety and side effects of these drugs have been challenging clinicians in clinical practice.Recent findings comparative safety data between different therapies are lacking in the literature.Most safety recommendations are based on adverse events reported in clinical trials and register-based cohorts.An extensive literature review addressing the risk of infections, malignancies, immunogenicity, and metabolic disorders was performed for biologics and new ibd therapies based on reported adverse events in pivotal trials, long-term extension trials and real-world studies.Summary in this article, we summarize the most recent data on safety of biologics and new ibd therapies and propose hierarchical positioning of drugs regarding safety based on expert opinion recommendations.

Journal: Current opinion in gastroenterology (2020)
Publication types: Journal Article;Review
Gd-/CuS-Loaded Functional Nanogels for MR/PA Imaging-Guided Tumor-Targeted Photothermal Therapy.

The second near-infrared (nir-ii, 1000-1700 nm) light-based diagnosis and therapy have received extensive attention for neoplastic disease treatments because of the fact that light in the nir-ii window possesses less photon scattering along with deeper tissue penetration than that in the nir-i (700-950 nm) window.Herein, we present a gd- and copper sulfide (cu s)-integrated nanogel (ng) platform for magnetic resonance (mr)/photoacoustic (pa) imaging-guided tumor-targeted photothermal therapy (ptt).In our approach, we prepared cross-linked polyethylenimine (pei) ngs via an inverse emulsion method, modified the pei ngs with gd chelates, targeting ligand folic acid (fa) through a polyethylene glycol (peg) spacer and 1,3-propanesultone, and finally loaded cu s nanoparticles (nps) within the functional ngs.The as-synthesized gd/cu s@pei-fa-ps ngs with a mean size of 85 nm exhibit a good water dispersibility and protein resistance property, admirabler1relaxivity (11.66 m m-1s-1), excellent nir-ii absorption feature, high photothermal conversion efficiency (26.7%), and fa-mediated targeting specificity to cancer cells overexpressing fa receptor (far).With these properties along with the good cytocompatibility, the developed gd/cu s@pei-fa-ps ngs enable mr/pa dual-mode imaging-guided targeted ptt of far-overexpressing tumors under the irradiation of an nir-ii (1064 nm) laser.The designed gd/cu s@pei-fa-ps ngs may be used as a promising theranostic agent for mr/pa dual-mode imaging-guided ptt of other far-expressing tumors.

Journal: ACS applied materials & interfaces (2020)
Publication types: Journal Article