syedzayyan/paper_mill_benchmark huggingface dataset:
Elevated serum uric acid is a facilitating mechanism for insulin resistance mediated accumulation of visceral adipose tissue.

Serum uric acid (sua) has been associated with cardiometabolic conditions such as insulin resistance (ir) and visceral adipose tissue (vat) accumulation.Here, we aimed to clarify a unifying mechanism linking elevated sua to ir and vat.Methods we conducted analyses in 226 subjects from the uiem cohort with both euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp (ehc) and dual x-ray absorptiometry (dxa) measurements for ir and vat accumulation and explored the role of sua and adiponectin by developing a network of causal mediation analyses to assess their impact on ir and vat.These models were then translated to two population-based cohorts comprising 6337 subjects from nhanes 2003-2004 and 2011-2012 cycles in the us and ensanut medio camino 2016 in mexico, using homa2ir and adipo ir as indicators of peripheral and adipose tissue ir, and mets-vf as a surrogate for vat accumulation.Results sua has a mediating role inside a bidirectional relationship between ir and visceral obesity, which was similar using either gold standard measurements or surrogate measures for ir and vat.Furthermore, adiponectin acts as a linking mediator between elevated sua and both peripheral ir and vat accumulation.The proportion of the mechanism for ir-mediated (in either peripheral or adipose tissue) vat accumulation was greater, compared to vat-mediated ir accumulation (10.53% [9.23%-12.00%] to 5.44% [3.78%-7.00%]).Normal-range sua levels can be used to rule-out underlying cardio-metabolic abnormalities in both men and women.Conclusions elevated sua acts as a mediator inside the bidirectional relationship between ir and vat accumulation and these observations could be applicable at a phenotype scale.

Journal: Clinical endocrinology (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
Subcellular Dissection of a Simple Neural Circuit: Functional Domains of the Mauthner-Cell During Habituation.

Sensorimotor integration is a pivotal feature of the nervous system for ensuring a coordinated motor response to external stimuli.In essence, such neural circuits can optimize behavioral performance based on the saliency of environmental cues.In zebrafish, habituation of the acoustic startle response (asr) is a simple behavior integrated into the startle command neurons, called the mauthner cells.Whereas the essential neuronal components that regulate the startle response have been identified, the principles of how this regulation is integrated at the subcellular regions of the mauthner cell, which in turn modulate the performance of the behavior, is still not well understood.Here, we reveal mechanistically distinct dynamics of excitatory inputs converging onto the lateral dendrite (ld) and axon initial segment (ais) of the mauthner cell byin vivoimaging glutamate release using i glu sn fr, an ultrafast glutamate sensing fluorescent reporter.We find that modulation of glutamate release is dependent on nmda receptor activity exclusively at the ais, which is responsible for setting the sensitivity of the startle reflex and inducing a depression of synaptic activity during habituation.In contrast, glutamate-release at the ld is not regulated by nmda receptors and serves as a baseline component of mauthner cell activation.Finally, usingin vivocalcium imaging at the feed-forward interneuron population component of the startle circuit, we reveal that these cells indeed play pivotal roles in both setting the startle threshold and habituation by modulating the ais of the mauthner cell.These results indicate that a command neuron may have several functionally distinct regions to regulate complex aspects of behavior.

Journal: Frontiers in neural circuits (2021)
Publication types: Journal Article;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Gliomas, germ cell tumors, and craniopharyngioma.

This report summarizes the current multimodality treatment approaches for children with low- and high-grade gliomas, germinoma, and nongerminomatous germ cell tumors, and craniopharyngiomas used in the children's oncology group (cog) and the international society of pediatric oncology (siop).Treatment recommendations are provided in the context of historical approaches regarding the roles of surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy.Future research strategies for these tumors in both cog and siop are also discussed.

Journal: Pediatric blood & cancer (2021)
Publication types: Journal Article;Review
Comparative 6-Month Wild-Type and Delta-Variant Antibody Levels and Surrogate Neutralization for Adults Vaccinated with BNT162b2 versus mRNA-1273.

While m rna vaccines are highly efficacious against short-term covid-19, long-term immunogenicity is less clear.We compared humoral immunogenicity between bnt162b2 and m rna-1273 vaccines 6 months after the first vaccine dose, examining the wild-type strain and multiple delta-variant lineages.Using samples from a prospective observational cohort study of adult paramedics, we included covid-19-negative participants who received two bnt162b2 or m rna-1273 vaccines, and provided a blood sample 170 to 190 days post first vaccine dose.We compared wild-type spike ig g concentrations using the mann-whitney u test.We also compared secondary outcomes of: receptor binding domain (rbd) wild-type antibody concentrations, and inhibition of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ace-2) binding to spike proteins from the wild-type strain and five delta-variant lineages.We included 571 adults: 475 bnt162b2 (83%) and 96 m rna-1273 (17%) vaccinees, with a mean age of 39 (sd = 10) and 43 (sd = 10) years, respectively.Spike ig g antibody concentrations were significantly higher (p< 0.0001) for those who received m rna-1273 (gm 601 bau/m l [gsd 2.05]) versus bnt162b2 (gm 375 bau/m l [gsd 2.33) vaccines.Results of rbd antibody comparisons (p< 0.0001), and inhibition of ace-2 binding to the wild-type strain and all tested delta lineages (all p< 0.0001), were consistent.Adults who received two doses of m rna-1273 vaccines demonstrated improved wild-type and delta variant-specific humoral immunity outcomes at 6 months compared with those who received two doses of the bnt162b2 vaccine.importancethe bnt162b2 and m rna-1273 m rna sars-co v-2 vaccines have demonstrated high efficacy for preventing short-term covid-19.However, comparative long-term effectiveness is unclear, especially pertaining to the delta variant.We tested virus-specific antibody responses 6 months after the first vaccine dose and compared individuals who received the bnt162b2 and m rna-1273 sars-co v-2 vaccines.We found that individuals who received the m rna-1273 vaccine demonstrated superior serological markers at 6 months in comparison with those who received the bnt162b2 vaccine.

Journal: Microbiology spectrum (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article;Observational Study;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Partial inhibition of mitochondrial-linked pyrimidine synthesis increases tumorigenic potential and lysosome accumulation.

The correlation between mitochondrial function and oncogenesis is complex and is not fully understood.Here we determine the importance of mitochondrial-linked pyrimidine synthesis for the aggressiveness of cancer cells.The enzyme dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (dhodh) links oxidative phosphorylation to de novo synthesis of pyrimidines.We demonstrate that an inhibition of dhodh results in a respiration-independent significant increase of anchorage-independent growth but does not affect dna repair ability.Instead, we show an autophagy-independent increase of lysosomes.The results of this study suggest that inhibition of mitochondrial-linked pyrimidine synthesis in cancer cells results in a more aggressive tumor phenotype.

Journal: Mitochondrion (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Artificial Biomolecular Channels: Enantioselective Transmembrane Transport of Amino Acids Mediated by Homochiral Zirconium Metal-Organic Cages.

Natural transport channels (or carriers), such as aquaporins, are a distinct type of biomacromolecule capable of highly effective transmembrane transport of water or ions.Such behavior is routine for biology but has proved difficult to achieve in synthetic systems.Perhaps most significantly, the enantioselective transmembrane transport of biomolecules is an especially challenging problem both for chemists and for natural systems.Herein, a group of homochiral zirconium metal-organic cages with four triangular opening windows have been proposed as artificial biomolecular channels for enantioselective transmembrane transport of natural amino acids.These structurally well-defined coordination cages are assembled from six synthetically accessible binol-derived chiral ligands as spacers and fourn-bu3-cp3zr3clusters as vertices, forming tetrahedral-shaped architectures that feature an intrinsically chiral cavity decorated with an array of specifically positioned binding sites mediated from phenol to phenyl ether to crown ether groups.Fascinatingly, the transformation of single-molecule chirality to global supramolecular chirality within the space-restricted chiral microenvironments accompanies unprecedented chiral amplification, leading to the enantiospecific recognition of amino acids.By virtue of the highly structural stability and excellent biocompatibility, the orientation-independent cages can be molecularly embedded into lipid membranes, biomimetically serving as single-molecular chiral channels for polar-residue amino acids, with the properties that cage-1featuring hydroxyl groups preferentially transports the l-asparagine, whereas cage-2attaching crown ether groups spontaneously favor transporting d-arginine.We therefore develop a new type of self-assembled system that can potentially mimic the functions of transmembrane proteins in nature, which is a realistic candidate for further biomedical applications.

Journal: Journal of the American Chemical Society (2021)
Publication types: Journal Article;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
The pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, and toxicity of spinosin: A mini review.

Spinosin, a natural flavone-c-glycoside that is mainly isolated from the seeds of ziziphus jujuba mill.var.spinosa.It exerts the effects to ameliorate the neurological disorders, such as hypnosis effects, improvement of cognitive function, sedation effects, and anxiolytic effects, as well as anti-melanogenic effect, cardioprotective effects, and anti-cancer activity.However, the insufficient basic research, unclear mechanisms, and poor bioavailability may limit the prospects of spinosin in clinical utilization.In this review, we comprehensively summarized the latest information on the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, toxicity, and nmr characteristic of spinosin, to evaluate its potential therapeutic for clinical application, hoping to provide some rational perspective for the innovative agent development and usage of spinosin in future.

Journal: Frontiers in pharmacology (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article;Review
15-20 Year Follow-up After Wrist Arthroplasty Surgery - Revisiting the Development and Introduction of a New Prototype Concept for Total Wrist Arthroplasty.

Wrist arthroplasties have not achieved clinical outcomes comparable to those of shoulders and knees, being offered low-demand patients due to a high failure rate.In the 90s, there were no wrist arthroplasties available for high-demand patients.An experimental setup for the development of a new wrist arthroplasty intended for all wrist patients were done.A long-term final follow-up to evaluate the performance of the experimental arthroplasty was performed.methods:a novel uncemented modular wrist prosthesis with conical threaded fixation, metal-on-metal coupling and ball-and-socket articulation was developed.In an experimental study, eight patients (7 men, 53 years of age) were operated between 2001 and 2003, to treat non-inflammatory primary or secondary osteoarthritis.Published mid-term results (7-9 years) demonstrated satisfactory function, but two arthroplasties were converted to arthrodesis due to infection.results:at final follow-up 15-20 years after primary surgery, the remaining six patients still had a wrist arthroplasty (in three the original) in situ.The clinical results were good.Low pain (median = 0), quick disability of arm, shoulder and hand (qdash median 11) and patient rated wrist and hand evaluation (prwhe median = 14) scores were reported.Wrist active range of motion (arom) was 64% and grip strength 86% compared to the opposite side.None regretted choosing arthroplasty knowing the outcome.conclusions:despite technical errors and the implementation of an incomplete prototype, this new concept for arthroplasty has demonstrated promising long-term fixation, a stable articulation with good range of motion, satisfactory function and pain reduction in high-demand patients.level of evidence:level iv (therapeutic).

Journal: The journal of hand surgery Asian-Pacific volume (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
Structural gender inequalities and symptoms of postpartum depression in 40 countries.

The role of structural gender inequality in macro-level differences in women's perinatal mental health remains largely unexplored.This short communication explores structural gender inequalities and their potential as a macro-level, upstream social determinant of postpartum depression (ppd).Methods we compiled meta-analytically derived national-level prevalence estimates of ppd symptoms - based on the edinburgh postnatal depression scale - with economic (e.g., income inequality), health (e.g., infant mortality rate), sociodemographic (e.g., urban population), and structural gender inequality variables (e.g., abortion policies) for 40 countries.Meta-regression techniques and traditional p-value based stepwise procedures, complemented with a bayesian model averaging approach, were used for a robust selection of variables associated with national-level ppd symptom prevalence.Results income inequality (β = 0.04, 95% ci = 0.02 to 0.07) and abortion policies (β = 0.02, 95% ci = 0.00 to 0.03) were the only variables selected in the final, adjusted model, accounting for 60.7% of cross-national variations in ppd symptoms.Limitations study quality of primary studies was not assessed and some national-level meta-analytical estimates were based on few primary studies.A fifth of world countries and territories could be included, with high-income regions overrepresented.High rate of missing national-level data for potential predictors of ppd.Cross-sectional analyses precludes causal inferences.Conclusions abortion policies are a significant macro-level social determinant of ppd, and its liberalization might be associated with women's mental health at a population level.Our findings should be a relevant argument for clinicians to advocate for changing discriminatory social norms against women.

Journal: Journal of affective disorders (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Effects of covalent modification with epigallocatechin-3-gallate on oleosin structure and ability to stabilize artificial oil body emulsions.

The purpose of this study was to enhance the stability and functional properties of artificial oil body (aob) emulsions.Herein, we covalently conjugated oleosin (ol) and epigallocatechin-3-gallate (egcg) under alkaline conditions to obtain ol-egcg conjugates.The results revealed that the structural characteristics of ol are improved by covalent binding to egcg, with the ol-egcg yield maximized at an egcg concentration of 150 μm.We prepared aob emulsions using native ol, the ol-egcg conjugates, phosphatidylcholine (pc), and soybean oil for embedding curcumin.The results show that the protein components and phospholipids are bound in the aob emulsion by hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions.The covalent ol-egcg/pc-stabilized emulsions exhibited more uniform droplet distributions, stronger thermal stabilities, and higher curcumin retentions than the other samples.These results indicated that the ol-egcg/pc complexes are potential stabilizers for aob emulsions and provided fresh insight into preparing highly stable emulsion embedding systems with good encapsulation efficiencies.

Journal: Food chemistry (2021)
Publication types: Journal Article
Effect of Ni atomic fraction on active species of graphene growth on Cu-Ni alloy catalysts: a density functional theory study.

Cu-ni alloys are promising catalysts for precisely controlling the number of graphene layers grown by chemical vapor deposition (cvd).However, the theoretical understanding of the effect of the ni atomic fraction on the active species, which helps determine the mechanism of graphene growth, is still limited.Here, we examine the energetics, electronic properties, and populations of potential carbon source species (ch3, ch2, ch, c) on cu-ni alloy catalysts with various ni atomic fractions under various cvd growth conditions using density functional theory combined with atomistic thermodynamics.An increased ni atomic fraction of the cu-ni alloy catalyst increases the d-band center and d-orbital delocalization of the ni atoms.Therefore, the stability of the carbon source adsorbed on the surface and subsurface of the catalyst increases.Relative population analysis shows that the ch and c monomers on the surface are the active species that drive surface-mediated growth on cu-ni catalysts with low ni atomic fractions.The dominance of ch and c species can be further tuned by adjusting the growth temperature and partial pressure of h2.In contrast, in a cu-ni catalyst with a high ni atomic fraction, the c monomer species on the subsurface has high stability and acts as an active species that controls the cooling-induced segregation growth mechanism.This study provides an essential insight into the atomistic mechanism of graphene growth in cu-ni alloy catalysts.

Journal: Physical chemistry chemical physics : PCCP (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
Imbalance of tyrosine by modulating TyrA arogenate dehydrogenases impacts growth and development of Arabidopsis thaliana.

L-tyrosine is an essential aromatic amino acid required for the synthesis of proteins and a diverse array of plant natural products; however, little is known on how the levels of tyrosine are controlled in planta and linked to overall growth and development.Most plants synthesize tyrosine by tyr a arogenate dehydrogenases, which are strongly feedback-inhibited by tyrosine and encoded by tyr a1 and tyr a2 genes in arabidopsis thaliana.While tyr a enzymes have been extensively characterized at biochemical levels, their in planta functions remain uncertain.Here we found that tyr a1 suppression reduces seed yield due to impaired anther dehiscence, whereas tyr a2 knockout leads to slow growth with reticulate leaves.The tyra2 mutant phenotypes were exacerbated by tyr a1 suppression and rescued by the expression of tyr a2, tyr a1 or tyrosine feeding.Low-light conditions synchronized the tyra2 and wild-type growth, and ameliorated the tyra2 leaf reticulation.After shifting to normal light, tyra2 transiently decreased tyrosine and subsequently increased aspartate before the appearance of the leaf phenotypes.Overexpression of the deregulated tyr a enzymes led to hyper-accumulation of tyrosine, which was also accompanied by elevated aspartate and reticulate leaves.These results revealed that tyr a1 and tyr a2 have distinct and overlapping functions in flower and leaf development, respectively, and that imbalance of tyrosine, caused by altered tyr a activity and regulation, impacts growth and development of arabidopsis.The findings provide critical bases for improving the production of tyrosine and its derived natural products, and further elucidating the coordinated metabolic and physiological processes to maintain tyrosine levels in plants.

Journal: The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology (2019)
Publication types: Journal Article;Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
Association between clinical history in the radiographic request and diagnostic accuracy of thorax radiographs in dogs: A retrospective case-control study.

The effect of clinical history on the interpretation of radiographs has been widely researched in human medicine.There is, however, no data on this topic in veterinary medicine.Hypothesis/objectives diagnostic accuracy would improve when history was supplied.Animals thirty client-owned dogs with abnormal findings on thoracic radiographs and confirmation of the disease, and 30 healthy client-owned controls were drawn retrospectively.Methods retrospective case-control study.Sixty radiographic studies of the thorax were randomized and interpreted by 6 radiologists; first, with no access to the clinical information; and a second time with access to all pertinent clinical information and signalment.Results a significant increase in diagnostic accuracy was noted when clinical information was provided (64.4% without and 75.2% with clinical information; p = .002).There was no significant difference in agreement between radiologists when comparing no clinical information and with clinical information (kappa 0.313 and 0.300, respectively).Conclusions and clinical importance the addition of pertinent clinical information to the radiographic request significantly improves the diagnostic accuracy of thorax radiographs of dogs and is recommended as standard practice.

Journal: Journal of veterinary internal medicine (2023)
Publication types: Journal Article
Adapting and validating the log quadratic model to derive under-five age- and cause-specific mortality (U5ACSM): a preliminary analysis.

The mortality pattern from birth to age five is known to vary by underlying cause of mortality, which has been documented in multiple instances.Many countries without high functioning vital registration systems could benefit from estimates of age- and cause-specific mortality to inform health programming, however, to date the causes of under-five death have only been described for broad age categories such as for neonates (0-27 days), infants (0-11 months), and children age 12-59 months.Methods we adapt the log quadratic model to mortality patterns for children under five to all-cause child mortality and then to age- and cause-specific mortality (u5acsm).We apply these methods to empirical sample registration system mortality data in china from 1996 to 2015.Based on these empirical data, we simulate probabilities of mortality in the case when the true relationships between age and mortality by cause are known.Results we estimate u5acsm within 0.1-0.7 deaths per 1000 livebirths in hold out strata for life tables constructed from the china sample registration system, representing considerable improvement compared to an error of 1.2 per 1000 livebirths using a standard approach.This improved prediction error for u5acsm is consistently demonstrated for all-cause as well as pneumonia- and injury-specific mortality.We also consistently identified cause-specific mortality patterns in simulated mortality scenarios.Conclusion the log quadratic model is a significant improvement over the standard approach for deriving u5acsm based on both simulation and empirical results.

Journal: Population health metrics (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article;Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't