syedzayyan/paper_mill_benchmark huggingface dataset:
Citrus Pulp Replacing Corn in the Supplement Decreased Fibre Digestibility with No Impacts on Performance of Cattle Grazing Marandu Palisade Grass in the Wet-Dry Transition Period.

The wet-dry transition period brings unique challenges to cattle producers in the tropics as the forage quality starts to decrease and animal performance is negatively affected unless supplementation strategies are applied.Two experiments were conducted concomitantly to evaluate the performance and metabolic parameters of cattle supplemented with two different energy sources under a c4 tropical grass continuous grazing system in the wet-dry transition period.In experiment (exp) 1, the liveweight (lw) gain of 42 growing bos indicus nellore bulls allocated to 12 paddocks of uruchloa brizanthacv.Marandu, in a completely randomized block design, was evaluated to compare corn and citrus pulp-based supplements offered at 0.5% lw.Metabolism was evaluated in exp 2 with eight rumen-cannulated nellore steers in an incomplete replicated latin square design (rlsd) 4 × 2 (steers × treatment) fed the same two treatments as in exp 1.No differences in animal performance were observed between corn or citrus pulp-based supplements.Rumen p h, ammonia nitrogen, and blood urea nitrogen were lower in the rumen of animals supplemented with citrus pulp.Despite this, there were no differences in total dry matter intake amongst the two energy sources.The neutral detergent fibre digestibility of the diet containing corn decreased, but it neither affected performance nor liveweight gain per area.The findings suggest that corn can be replaced by citrus pulp with neither detrimental effects on animal performance nor indirect effects on pastures productivity.

Journal: Animals : an open access journal from MDPI (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
A nomogram for predicting screw loosening after single-level posterior lumbar interbody fusion utilizing cortical bone trajectory screw: A minimum 2-year follow-up study.

This study aims to investigate the risk factors for screw loosening after single-level posterior lumbar interbody fusion (plif) utilizing cortical bone trajectory (cbt) screw and establish a nomogram for predicting screw loosening.Methods a total of 79 patients (316 screws) who underwent single-level plif with cbt screw were included in the study.Preoperative, postoperative, and final follow-up demographic data, surgical data, and radiographic parameters were documented and analyzed to identify risk factors, and a predictive nomogram was established for screw loosening.The nomogram was assessed by concordance index (c-index), calibration plot, decision curve analysis (dca), and internal validation.Results the incidence of screw loosening was 26.6% in 79 patients and 11.4% in 316 screws.Multifactorial regression analysis confirmed that fixed to s1 (fs1, or = 3.82, 95% ci 1.12-12.71,p= 0.029), the coronal angle of the screw (ca, or = 1.07, 95% ci 1.01-1.14,p= 0.039), and cortical bone contacted layers (cbcls, or = 0.17, 95% ci 0.10-0.29,p< 0.001) were risk factors and incorporated in the nomogram for predicting screw loosening after single-level plif with a cbt screw.The c-index of the nomogram was 0.877 (95% ci 0.818-0.936), which demonstrated good predictive accuracy.The calibration plot indicated an acceptable calibration of the nomogram that also had a positive benefit in guiding treatment decisions.Conclusion fs1, ca, and cbcls are identified to be significant risk factors for screw loosening after single-level plif with the cbt technique.The nomogram we have established can be used to predict screw loosening and contribute to surgical decisions.

Journal: Frontiers in surgery (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
Context effects on object recognition in real-world environments: A study protocol.

The environments that we live in impact on our ability to recognise objects, with recognition being facilitated when objects appear in expected locations (congruent) compared to unexpected locations (incongruent).However, these findings are based on experiments where the object is isolated from its environment.Moreover, it is not clear which components of the recognition process are impacted by the environment.In this experiment, we seek to examine the impact real world environments have on object recognition.Specifically, we will use mobile electroencephalography (m eeg) and augmented reality (ar) to investigate how the visual and semantic processing aspects of object recognition are changed by the environment.methods:we will use ar to place congruent and incongruent virtual objects around indoor and outdoor environments.During the experiment a total of 34 participants will walk around the environments and find these objects while we record their eye movements and neural signals.We will perform two primary analyses.First, we will analyse the event-related potential (erp) data using paired samples t-tests in the n300/400 time windows in an attempt to replicate congruency effects on the n300/400.Second, we will use representational similarity analysis (rsa) and computational models of vision and semantics to determine how visual and semantic processes are changed by congruency.conclusions:based on previous literature, we hypothesise that scene-object congruence would facilitate object recognition.For erps, we predict a congruency effect in the n300/n400, and for rsa we predict that higher level visual and semantic information will be represented earlier for congruent scenes than incongruent scenes.By collecting m eeg data while participants are exploring a real-world environment, we will be able to determine the impact of a natural context on object recognition, and the different processing stages of object recognition.

Journal: Wellcome open research (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
Fermentation-Guided Natural Products Isolation of a Grape Berry Triacylglyceride that Enhances Ethyl Ester Production.

A full understanding of the origin, formation and degradation of volatile compounds that contribute to wine aroma is required before wine style can be effectively managed.Fractionation of grapes represents a convenient and robust method to simplify the grape matrix to enhance our understanding of the grape contribution to volatile compound production during yeast fermentation.In this study, acetone extracts of both riesling and cabernet sauvignon grape berries were fractionated and model wines produced by spiking aliquots of these grape fractions into model grape juice must and fermented.Non-targeted spme-gcms analyses of the wines showed that several medium chain fatty acid ethyl esters were more abundant in wines made by fermenting model musts spiked with certain fractions.Further fractionation of the non-polar fractions and fermentation of model must after addition of these fractions led to the identification of a mixture of polyunsaturated triacylglycerides that, when added to fermenting model must, increase the concentration of medium chain fatty acid ethyl esters in wines.Dosage-response fermentation studies with commercially-available trilinolein revealed that the concentration of medium chain fatty acid ethyl esters can be increased by the addition of this triacylglyceride to model musts.This work suggests that grape triacylglycerides can enhance the production of fermentation-derived ethyl esters and show that this fractionation method is effective in segregating precursors or factors involved in altering the concentration of fermentation volatiles.

Journal: Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) (2018)
Publication types: Journal Article
Lupus Vasculitis: An Overview.

Lupus vasculitis (lv) is one of the secondary vasculitides occurring in the setting of systemic lupus erythematosus (sle) in approximately 50% of patients.It is most commonly associated with small vessels, but medium-sized vessels can also be affected, whereas large vessel involvement is very rare.Lv may involve different organ systems and present in a wide variety of clinical manifestations according to the size and site of the vessels involved.Lv usually portends a poor prognosis, and a prompt diagnosis is fundamental for a good outcome.The spectrum of involvement ranges from a relatively mild disease affecting small vessels or a single organ to a multiorgan system disease with life-threatening manifestations, such as mesenteric vasculitis, pulmonary hemorrhage, or mononeuritis multiplex.Treatment depends upon the organs involved and the severity of the vasculitis process.In this review, we provide an overview of the different forms of lv, describing their clinical impact and focusing on the available treatment strategies.

Journal: Biomedicines (2021)
Publication types: Journal Article;Review
Distribution characteristics of soil AM fungi community in soft sandstone area.

To explore the diversity and distribution characteristics of soil arbuscular mycorrhizae fungi (amf) communities in the soft sandstone area, thirteen arsenic sandstone rock samples were collected from three planting plots (si, sii and siii) and one bare control plot (ck), separately.The sampling locations are as follows: the top of the slope (denoted by the number 1), sunny slope (2), shady slope (3) and gully bottom (4).These samples were then tested with an illumina hi seq pe250 high-throughput sequencing platform.Experimental results show that the siii4 sample (from the gully bottom of the siii plot) has the highest moisture content of 9.1%, while the ck sample in the control plot has lowest moisture content.Si2 has the highest p h of 9.58 and ck has the lowest p h of 8.73.Sii1 has the highest available phosphorus (ap) content of 9.61 mg/kg, while sii3 has the lowest ap content of 2.29 mg/kg.Furthermore, si2 has the highest nh4-n content of 11.24 mg/kg, while sii1 has the lowest nh4-n of 4.09 mg/kg.Sii1 has the highest available potassium (ak) content of 48.92 mg/kg and ck has the lowest ak content of 1.82 mg/kg.In the observed-species index reflecting amf genetic diversity, si1 differences significantly from sii4 and siii3 (p < 0.05).In the shannon index, si1 is significantly different from si2, si3, si4; sii2 is significantly different from sii3; si2, si4, sii1 and sii3 are quite different from ck (p < 0.05).The dominant genera of amf in these plots include glomus (17.24%-65.53%), scutellospora (0.04%-67.38%), septoglomus (2.83%-43.03%) and kamienskia (0.64%-46.38%).The dominant genera of amf vary significantly between sunny slope and shady slope.Positive correlation exists between soil nh4-n and the am fungal community structure.There are prominent positive correlations exist among genetic diversity index chao1, observed-species, p h and ap (p < 0.05), and obviously negative correlation between observed species and ak (p < 0.05).The research findings on the distribution characteristics of am fungus community in the arsenic sandstone plot and their relationship with environmental factors can help with arsenic sandstone management in other similar areas.

Journal: Journal of environmental management (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
Leveraging the Massachusetts perinatal quality collaborative to address the COVID-19 pandemic among diverse populations.

We leveraged the massachusetts perinatal quality collaborative (pqc) to address the covid-19 pandemic.Our goals were to: (1) implement perinatal practices thought to reduce mother-to-infant sars-co v-2 transmission while limiting disruption of health-promoting practices and (2) do so without inequities attributable to race/ethnicity, language status, and social vulnerability.Methods main outcomes were cesarean and preterm delivery, rooming-in, and breastfeeding.We examined changes over time overall and according to race/ethnicity, language status, and social vulnerability from 03/20-07/20 at 11 hospitals.Results of 255 mothers with sars-co v-2, 67% were black or hispanic and 47% were non-english speaking.Cesarean decreased (49% to 35%), while rooming-in (55% to 86%) and breastfeeding (53% to 72%) increased.These changes did not differ by race/ethnicity, language, or social vulnerability.Conclusions leveraging the massachusetts pqc led to rapid changes in perinatal care during the covid-19 crisis in a short time, representing a novel use of statewide pqc structures.

Journal: Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association (2021)
Publication types: Journal Article
Anisotropy and Nanomechanics of Cellulose Nanocrystals/Polyethylene Glycol Composite Films.

The influence of shear flow on the nanomechanical properties of cellulose nanocrystal (cnc)/polyethylene glycol (peg) composite films and the distribution of anisotropic phases are investigated at various cnc/peg ratios.Here, the drying process of cnc/peg mixed suspensions is systematically traced by rheology, followed by the spatial mapping of local mechanical properties of cnc/peg films by nanoindentation.The detailed study of the morphology of cnc/peg films by polarized optical microscopy (pom) and image analysis revealed the link between the mechanical properties and the influence of shear flow.A comparison of the data obtained for shear-dried films with nonsheared films showed the improved reduced young's modulus (er) and hardness (h), and suppression of microphase separation in the shear-dried films.Based on this experimental evidence, a mechanism is proposed to explain the microstructural transition during the shear-drying process leading to the generation of the anisotropic domains containing the shear-induced assembled structure of cnc particles coexisting with the elongated peg microphases.

Journal: Biomacromolecules (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
A comparative study of two Mobile Mental Health Units in different catchment rural areas in Greece.

Mental healthcare service delivery in rural and remote areas in greece is challenging due to socioeconomic and geographical reasons, and distant facilities.To address the needs of the underserved areas, the greek state has launched a number of mobile mental health units (mmhus).Aim the objective of the present study was to explore the differences among two mmhus, one being run by a university general hospital (mmhu uha) and the other being run by a nongovernmental organization (mmhu i-t).Methods the two mmhus deliver services in rural areas of northeast and northwest greece, respectively.Both mmhus use the infrastructures of the primary healthcare system and have the potential for domiciliary visits.Results medical and nursing staff is much more in the mmhu uha, whereas mmhu i-t has more psychologists, social workers and health visitors.Patients attended the mmhu i-t were significantly older than the patients attended the mmhu uha (mean age 64.5 vs.55.3 years) and the percentage of the elderly patients in treatment with the mmhu i-t (56.5%) is significantly higher than the corresponding percentage of the mmhu uha (20%).The proportion of patients that received home-based care by the two mmhus was almost identical.The percentage of patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders that attended the mmhu uha was significantly higher.Patients with affective disorders, anxiety disorders and organic brain disorders that attended the mmhu i-t were significantly more.Conclusions despite the similarities among the mmhus in rural greece, this study recorded some important differences.The differences in staffing may be accounted for by the availability of resources.The differences in the patients' population may be explained by the fact that the mmhu uha was designed from its beginning to treat patients with severe mental illnesses, mainly psychoses, and it accepts loss of referrals within the general hospital's network of psychiatric services.The mmhu i-t is an independent, locally based service that may be better perceived as an expansion of the primary care system.The results of the study could inform service practice and mental health policy.

Journal: The International journal of social psychiatry (2022)
Publication types: Comparative Study;Journal Article
Coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations of α-1,3-glucan.

In this paper we present a computational study of aggregation in aqueous solutions of α-1,3-glucan captured using a coarse-grained (cg) model that can be extended to other polysaccharides.This cg model captures atomistic geometry (i.e., relative placement of the hydrogen bonding donors and acceptors within the monomer) of the α-1,3-glucan monomer, the directional interactions due to the donor-acceptor hydrogen bonds, and their effect on aggregation of multiple α-1,3-glucan chains without the extensive computational resources needed for simulations with atomistic models.Using this cg model, we conduct molecular dynamics simulations to assess the effect of varying α-1,3-glucan chain length and hydrogen bond interaction strengths on the aggregation of multiple chains at finite concentrations in implicit solvent.We quantify the hydrogen bonding strength needed for multiple chains to aggregate, the distribution of inter- and intra-chain hydrogen bonds within the aggregate and in some cases, the shapes of the aggregate.We also explore the effect of substitution/silencing of some randomly selected or specific hydrogen bonding sites in the chain on the aggregation and aggregate structure.In the unmodified α-1,3-glucan solution, the inter-chain hydrogen bonds cause the chains to aggregate into sheets.Random silencing of hydrogen bonding donor sites only increases the hydrogen bond strength needed for aggregation but retains the same aggregate structure as the unmodified chains.Specific silencing of the hydrogen-bonding site on the c6 carbon leads to the chains aggregating into planar sheets that then fold over to form hollow cylinders at intermediate hydrogen bond strength - 4.7 to 5.3 kcal mol-1.These cylindrical aggregates assemble end-to-end to form larger aggregates at higher hydrogen bond strengths.

Journal: Soft matter (2019)
Publication types: Journal Article
Improved Sensitivity of Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering with Gold Nanoparticles-Insulator-Metal Sandwich Layers on Flat Sapphire Substrate.

Surface-enhanced raman scattering (sers) as a high sensitivity analytical method for molecule detection has attracted much attention in recent research.In this work, we demonstrated an improved sers substrate, which has the gold nanoparticles randomly distributed on a si o2interception layer over a gold thin film layer on the flat sapphire substrate (au np/si o2/au/sapphire), over the dispersed gold nanoparticles on a silicon substrate (au np/si), for detection of r6g (1 × 10-6m) in a raman microscope.The fabrication of sandwich layers on top of the sapphire substrate involves evaporation of a gold mirror as thick as 100 nm, plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition of the silica insulator layer 10 nm thick, and evaporation of a thin gold layer 10 nm thick for forming gold nanoparticles.For comparison, a gold thin film with a thickness of 5 nm and 10 nm was evaporated on a silicon substrate, respectively (au np/si), as the reference sers substrates in the experiment.The au np/si o2/au/sapphire substrate demonstrated improved sensitivity in detection of molecules in raman microscopy, which can enable the molecules to be recognizable at a low laser power as 8.5 × 10-3m w, 0.017 m w, 0.085 m w, and 0.17 m w for ultrashort exposure time.The simulation of au np/si o2/au/sapphire substrate and au np/si substrate, based on the finite-difference time-domain (fdtd) method, explained the improved sensitivity for detection of r6g molecules from the view of classical electromagnetics, and it suggested the optimized size for the gold nanoparticles and the optimized laser wavelength for raman microscopy for further research.

Journal: Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) (2021)
Publication types: Journal Article
Alignment of CanMEDS-based Undergraduate and Postgraduate Pharmacy Curricula in The Netherlands.

In this article the design of three master programs (msc in pharmacy) and two postgraduate specialization programs for community or hospital pharmacist is described.After a preceding bsc in pharmacy, these programs cover the full pharmacy education capacity for pharmacists in primary and secondary health care in the netherlands.All programs use the can meds framework, adapted to pharmacy education and specialization, which facilitates the horizontal integration of pharmacists' professional development with other health care professions in the country.Moreover, it is illustrated that crossing the boundary from formal (university) education to experiential (workplace) education is eased by a gradual change in time spent in these two educational environments and by the use of comparable monitoring, feedback, and authentic assessment instruments.A reflection on the curricula, based on the principles of the integrative pedagogy modeland the self-determination theory, suggests that the alignment of these educational programs facilitates the development of professional expertise and professional identity of dutch pharmacists.

Journal: Pharmacy (Basel, Switzerland) (2020)
Publication types: Journal Article
Incidence and Prevalence of Pediatric Noninfectious Uveitis in Korea: A Population-Based Study.

Uveitis is less common in children than in adults; however, pediatric uveitis has a relatively severe disease course that affects the quality of life.Although it is important to understand the epidemiological characteristics of pediatric uveitis, few studies have been conducted in large populations without referral bias.This study investigated the nationwide incidence and prevalence of pediatric uveitis in south korea according to period, age, anatomic type, and systemic associations.Methods this nationwide population-based cohort study used data from the korean national health insurance service from 2002 to 2018.This study included patients younger than 19 years of age with noninfectious uveitis with at least three claims of diagnostic codes of uveitis on separate days with at least once claim of prescription codes of steroid and immunosuppressive agents.All the cases were classified as anterior or non-anterior uveitis, and the overall incidence and prevalence were estimated by age, sex, and period.Patients with noninfectious uveitis were categorized by the presence of associated systemic conditions.Results a total of 10,862,616 patients over 128,688,078 person-years were evaluated from 2005 to 2016.Overall, 5,368 cases of anterior uveitis and 604 cases of non-anterior uveitis were identified.The incidence and prevalence of pediatric noninfectious uveitis were 4.64 per 100,000 person-years (95% confidence interval [ci], 4.52-4.76) and 8.25 per 100,000 persons (95% ci, 8.09-8.41).Both the incidence and prevalence of pediatric uveitis increased with age.Anterior uveitis accounted for 84.7% of pediatric noninfectious uveitis prevalent cases (6.99 per 100,000 persons).Cases of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (jia)-associated uveitis accounted for 8.7% (926 cases) of pediatric noninfectious uveitis cases with a prevalence of 0.72 per 100,000 (95% ci, 0.67-0.77).The proportion of systemic associations was higher and jia-related uveitis accounted for 11.2% (803 cases) of recurrent or chronic noninfectious uveitis cases with a prevalence of 0.62 per 100,000.Conclusion this is the first population-based study investigating the largest population of pediatric patients with uveitis in korea.The nationwide incidence and prevalence of pediatric noninfectious uveitis in 2005-2016 were 4.64 per 100,000 person-years and 8.25 per 100,000, respectively.The proportion of jia in pediatric noninfectious uveitis was 8.7%.These population-based study findings provide a better understanding of the public health burden and aid in the planning of health-care strategies for pediatric patients with uveitis.

Journal: Journal of Korean medical science (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article