syedzayyan/paper_mill_benchmark huggingface dataset:
Exploring the Impact of Informal Rape Myth Education in a Nonstudent Sample.

Sexual assault has come to the forefront in terms of prevention and education for many social institutions such as college campuses.However, with a growing body of research highlighting the importance and effectiveness of interventions, research examining the impact of sexual assault education (sae) on altering rape myth acceptance (rma) among nonstudent populations is severely lacking.This is particularly problematic when considering that the issue of sexual assault extends well beyond academia in the united states.Accordingly, this study aims to fill this gap by employing an experimental design with repeated measures.Using a sample of 137 nonstudents surveyed via amazon's mechanical turk, participants were randomly assigned to a treatment (rape myth intervention) or control (unrelated video content) group.To detect changes in rma after a short rape myth education intervention, pretest and posttest rma scores were generated for all participants using an altered version of the updated illinois rape myth adherence scale.The treatment video was roughly 10 min in length and constructed by the lead author for the current research.All participants were presented with common rape myths, and then, the treatment group was provided with information (e.g., available research and statistics) to "debunk" these myths, and ultimately decrease acceptance of myths.Analyses indicate support for a significant change in rma scores from pretest to posttest in the treatment group, finding support for the use of informal rape myth education in altering immediate rma scores of a nonstudent sample.The rma difference scores were also examined through a demographic lens to determine if the inclusion could further explain score changes.Demographics were not deemed significant predictors.Limitations and implications are discussed.

Journal: Journal of interpersonal violence (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article;Randomized Controlled Trial
Female Narcissism: Assessment, Aetiology, and Behavioural Manifestations.

Despite putative gender differences in the expression of narcissism, prominent theories have virtually dismissed the role of females in the development and manifestation of narcissism.The contention that narcissism is a pathology of the self that may partly differ in males and females is further evident in the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (dsm-5).The dsm-5 reports that up to 75% of those diagnosed with narcissistic personality disorder (npd) are men.Such figures suggest that the representation of narcissism as codified in the dsm-5 may only be marginally applicable to females, given its prominent focus and nature on capturing grandiose themes which closely resemble commonly masculine norms.The overemphasis on grandiose features extends to the empirical literature which defines narcissism as a normative personality trait and is widely assessed using the narcissistic personality inventory (npi), on which males obtain significantly higher scores than females.As this review will demonstrate, one limitation frequently occurring in the literature is the attempt to comprehend narcissistic manifestations in females through the lens of what has commonly been defined as narcissism (dsm/npi).In this review, the literature concerning the diagnostic assessment and conceptualisation of narcissistic personality disorder, aetiological factors, aggression, and partner violence perpetration will be discussed in relation to the importance of gender.This is followed by a review of existing gaps in theory and research, and suggestions for fruitful directions that can aid a richer and more meaningful literature on narcissism inclusive of gender issues.

Journal: Psychological reports (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article;Review
Nationwide handgrip strength values and factors associated with muscle weakness in older adults: findings from the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Aging (ELSI-Brazil).

Handgrip strength (hgs) is a simple, quick, inexpensive, and highly reliable method for the assessment of muscle strength in clinical practice and epidemiological studies.This study aimed at describing the hgs values by age group and sex in brazilians aged 50 years and over, determining age group- and sex-specific cutoff points for muscle weakness, and investigating sociodemographic and anthropometric variables associated with muscle weakness for each sex.Methods data from the second wave of the brazilian longitudinal study of aging (elsi-brazil) were analyzed.Hgs was measured in the dominant hand using a hydraulic hand dynamometer.Fractional polynomial regression models were fitted to estimate the percentiles (p5, p10, p20, p25, p50, p75, p90, and p95) of hgs by age group and sex.The p20 of the maximum hgs by age group and sex was used to define muscle weakness.Associations between sociodemographic (racial self-classification, place of residence, schooling, and monthly household income per capita in tertiles) and anthropometric variables (body mass index and waist circumference) and muscle weakness, by sex, were evaluated using logistic regression.Results the analytical sample included 7905 participants (63.1 ± 9.1 years; 60% women).Hgs reduced with increasing age in both sexes.Men presented higher hgs than women in all age groups.The cutoff points for muscle weakness ranged from 28 to 15 kg for men and from 17 to 9 kg for women.In the adjusted analyses, low schooling (0-4 years) was positively associated with muscle weakness in both sexes (in men, odds ratio (or) 2.45, 95% confidence interval (ci) 1.46-4.12; in women, or 1.90, 95%ci 1.18-3.06).Low and middle monthly household income per capita also had a positive association with muscle weakness among women (or 1.78, 95%ci 1.37-2.32; or 1.32, 95%ci 1.01-1.73, respectively).Overweight had a negative association with muscle weakness among men (or 0.66, 95%ci 0.52-0.83), and obesity was inversely associated with muscle weakness in both sexes (in men, or 0.49, 95%ci 0.31-0.78; in women, or 0.69, 95%ci 0.52-0.92).Conclusions this study provides hgs values and cutoff points for muscle weakness by age group and sex from a nationally representative sample of older brazilian adults.The variables associated with muscle weakness slightly differed between men and women.Hgs values and cutoff points generated can be used as benchmarks in clinical settings and foster future epidemiological research.

Journal: BMC geriatrics (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
COVID-19 Vaccination Attitudes With Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorders: Vaccine Hesitancy and Coping Style.

Vaccination is an important method by which to stop the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) in a population.Patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (nmosd) have unstable immune function and receive immunosuppressive therapy frequently, so they are hardly to make a decision to receive vaccination.Our study investigated the vaccine hesitancy and coping styles in patients with nmosd to analyze the relationship between vaccine hesitancy and coping styles, and elucidate the factors influencing vaccine hesitancy.methods:a convenient sampling method was used to recruit participants.The adult vaccine hesitancy scale and medical coping modes questionnaire were used to measure the vaccine hesitancy and coping style of the participants.Pearson correlation, multiple stepwise, linear regression, and one-way analysis of variance were used to analyze the data.results:a total of 262 nmosd patients were investigated.The score of vaccine hesitancy in nmosd patients is lower (21.13 ± 4.355) than 25 points which indicated the patient is not considered to have vaccine hesitancy.The score for vaccine hesitancy was negatively correlated with the confrontation and avoidance coping styles (r= -0.481 andr= 0.423).That adoption of the coping styles of confrontation and avoidance as well as the residence of the patient were predictors of vaccine hesitation in nmosd patients (r2(adj) = 0.29,p 0.05).conclusions:this study reveals that the nmosd patients is not considered to have vaccine hesitancy, patients who tend to adopt confrontation and avoidance coping styles have less vaccine hesitancy.Health authorities and medical specialist teams should strengthen effective vaccination information for patients with nmosd, such as expert consensus or guidelines through various media to help them with decision-making.The significance of vaccination, the safety and side effects of covid-19 vaccination and predicting of epidemiological trends of covid-19 should be emphasized.More attention should be paid to nmosd patients who living in rural areas.

Journal: Frontiers in neurology (2021)
Publication types: Journal Article
Circulating tumor cell assay to non-invasively evaluate PD-L1 and other therapeutic targets in multiple cancers.

Biomarker directed selection of targeted anti-neoplastic agents such as immune checkpoint inhibitors, small molecule inhibitors and monoclonal antibodies form an important aspect of cancer treatment.Immunohistochemistry (ihc) analysis of the tumor tissue is the method of choice to evaluate the presence of these biomarkers.However, a significant barrier to biomarker testing on tissue is the availability of an adequate amount of tissue and need for repetitive sampling due to tumor evolution.Also, tumor tissue testing is not immune to inter- and intra-tumor heterogeneity.We describe the analytical and clinical validation of a circulating tumor cell (ctc) assay to accurately assess the presence of pd-l1 22c3 and pd-l1 28.8, er, pr and her2, from patients with solid tumors to guide the choice of suitable targeted therapies.Analytically, the test has high sensitivity, specificity, linearity and precision.Based on a blinded case control study, the clinical sensitivity and specificity for pd-l1 (22c3 and 28.8) was determined to be 90% and 100% respectively.The clinical sensitivity and specificity was 83% and 89% for er; 80% and 94% for pr; 63% and 89% for her2 (by icc); and 100% and 92% for her2 (by fish), respectively.The performance characteristics of the test support its suitability and adaptability for routine clinical use.

Journal: PloS one (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
Human Brain Project Partnering Projects Meeting: Status Quo and Outlook.

As the european flagship human brain project (hbp) ends in september 2023, a meeting dedicated to the partnering projects (pps), a collective of independent research groups that partnered with the hbp, was held on september 4-7, 2022.The purpose of this meeting was to allow these groups to present their results, reflect on their collaboration with the hbp and discuss future interactions with the european research infrastructure (ri) ebrains that has emerged from the hbp.In this report, we share the tour-de-force that the partnering projects that were present in the meeting have made in furthering knowledge concerning various aspects of brain research with the hbp.We describe briefly major achievements of the hbp partnering projects in terms of a systems-level understanding of the functional architecture of the brain and its possible emulation in artificial systems.We then recapitulate open discussions with ebrains representatives about the evolution of ebrains as a sustainable research infrastructure for the partnering projects after the hbp, and also for the wider scientific community.

Journal: eNeuro (2023)
Publication types: Journal Article;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Therapeutic Effect of Traditional Chinese Medicine on a Rat Model of Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion.

Branch retinal vein occlusion (brvo) is a common retinal vascular disorder leading to visual impairment.Currently, the general strategies for brvo are symptomatic therapies.Cardiovascular aspects are essential risk factors for brvo.The traditional chinese medicine hexuemingmu (hxmm), consisting of tanshinol and baicalin, dilates the vasculature and accelerates microcirculation.Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the efficacy and possible mechanism of hxmm in a brvo rat model established by laser photocoagulation.Successful brvo rat models were treated with different doses of hxmm.Fundus photography and fluorescein fundus angiography (ffa) of the animals were applied.The retinal layers were measured by optical coherence tomography (oct).Full-field electroretinography (ff erg) was applied to evaluate the retinal function.The ear vein flow velocity was measured via a microcirculation detector.The expression of the vascular endothelial growth factor (vegf-α) was measured via western blotting and immunofluorescent staining.Our study found that retinal edema predominantly occurred in the inner nuclear layer (inl) and outer nuclear layer (onl).The retinal edema of the treated groups was significantly relieved in the early stage of brvo as visualized via oct detection and he staining.The amplitudes of thebwave and oscillatory potentials (ops) waves of ff erg in the treated groups were increased compared with those of the control group at several detection points (3, 5, 7, 10, 14, and 21 d postocclusion).The expression of vegf-αwas reduced in the treated groups at an early stage of brvo.Furthermore, the ear vein flow velocity of the hxmm treatment groups was faster than that of the control group.Thus, our study indicates that the traditional chinese medicine hxmm could ameliorate retinal edema and rescue the retinal structure and function in brvo models through promoting occluded vein recanalization, improving microcirculation, and regulating the expression of vegf-α.

Journal: Journal of ophthalmology (2019)
Publication types: Journal Article
Effect of inoculum age and physical parameters on in vitro culture of the entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema feltiae.

Entomopathogenic nematodes (epns) of the families steinernematidae and heterorhabditidae have a symbiotic association with bacteria which makes them virulent against insects.Epns have been mass produced using in vivo and in vitro methods, including both solid and liquid fermentation.This study assessed the effect of nematode inoculum age on the production of steinernema feltiae in liquid, solid and biphasic processes.Several physical parameters were also assessed: the effect of medium viscosity, flask size and aeration speed on the recovery and yield of infective juveniles (ijs).Inoculum age treatments included inoculum liquid cultures that were 7, 14, 21 and 28 days old.Nematodes from the same inoculum were added to one liquid medium (liquid culture), one solid medium with bacteria previously grown in sponge (solid culture) and a variation of the solid medium (a biphasic culture), in which the bacteria were first grown in liquid and, then, soaked into the sponges, with the purpose of providing a more homogeneous bacterial culture before nematode inoculation.Experiments were conducted in erlenmeyer flasks.Eight treatments were established involving combinations of three variables: two media (with and without 0.2% agar), two flask sizes (250 and 150 ml) and two agitation speeds (180 and 280 rpm).The study showed increases in nematode yield for liquid cultures, but not for solid or biphasic cultures, with the advance of the inoculum age up to 28 days of growth.Furthermore, the addition of 0.2% agar to the liquid medium and increasing the aeration rate by using larger flasks with higher agitation speed may increase nematode recovery and final yield.The experiments were conducted using shake flasks but the results may also be applicable for bioreactors.

Journal: Journal of helminthology (2017)
Publication types: Journal Article
Outcomes associated with higher relational continuity in the treatment of persons with asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A systematic review.

Asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) are chronic conditions where relational continuity of care, as in regularly meeting the same health care provider, creates opportunities for monitoring and adjustment of treatment based on an individual's changing needs, potentially affecting quality of delivered care.The aim of this systematic review was to investigate the effects of relational continuity in the treatment of persons with asthma or copd.Methods eleven databases (cinahl, medline, psyc info, scopus, embase, cochrane library, database of systematic review of effects, dare, epistemonikos, nice evidence search, ksr evidence and ahrq) were searched between january 1, 2000, and february 1 - 4, 2021, for controlled and observational studies about relational continuity and health outcomes for persons with asthma and/or copd.Inclusion criteria were studies investigating an index or aspect relevant to relational continuity between a health professional/team of health professionals and patients.After screening, and assessment of study relevance and quality by at least two independent reviewers, studies with acceptable risk of bias were included and summary data was extracted from the publications.Main outcomes were mortality, morbidity (including health care utilization) and cost measures.Syntheses without metanalyses were performed due to considerable study heterogeneity.The certainty of the summarized result was assessed using grade (the grading of recommendations assessment, development and evaluation).Prospero study registration number: crd42020196518.Findings we identified 2824 unique references and included 15 studies (14 observational and 1 randomized controlled trial) in the review, from which results were derived for six outcomes.For persons with asthma or copd we found that higher compared to lower relational continuity of care prevents premature mortality (low certainty; 2 studies, 111 545 participants), lowers risk of emergency department visits (low certainty, 5 studies, 362 305 participates) and risk of hospitalization (moderate certainty, 9 studies, 525 716 participants), and lowers health care costs (low certainty; 4 studies, 390 682 participants).Results regarding treatment adherence (1 study, 971 participants) and patient perceptions (3 studies, 2026 participants) were assessed as having very low certainty.Interpretation low to moderate certainty evidence suggests that higher versus lower relational continuity of care for persons with asthma or copd prevents premature mortality, lowers risks of unplanned health care utilization and reduces health care costs.The results may be of value when planning care for individuals and for policymakers in organizing health care and developing guidelines for treatment and follow-up routines.Funding none.

Journal: EClinicalMedicine (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
Exciton-polaron interactions in metal halide perovskite nanocrystals revealed via two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy.

Metal halide perovskite nanocrystals have been under intense investigation for their promise in optoelectronic devices due to their remarkable physics, such as liquid/solid duality.This liquid/solid duality may give rise to their defect tolerance and other such useful properties.This duality means that the electronic states are fluctuating in time, on a distribution of timescales from femtoseconds to picoseconds.Hence, these lattice induced energy fluctuations that are connected to polaron formation are also connected to exciton formation and dynamics.We observe these correlations and dynamics in metal halide perovskite nanocrystals of cs pb i3 and cs pb br3 using two-dimensional electronic (2de) spectroscopy, with its unique ability to resolve dynamics in heterogeneously broadened systems.The 2de spectra immediately reveal a previously unobserved excitonic splitting in these 15 nm ncs that may have a coarse excitonic structure.2d lineshape dynamics reveal a glassy response on the 300 fs timescale due to polaron formation.The lighter br system shows larger amplitude and faster timescale fluctuations that give rise to dynamic line broadening.The 2de signals enable 1d transient absorption analysis of exciton cooling dynamics.Exciton cooling within this doublet is shown to take place on a slower timescale than within the excitonic continuum.The energy dissipation rates are the same for the i and br systems for incoherent exciton cooling but are very different for the coherent dynamics that give rise to line broadening.Exciton cooling is shown to take place on the same timescale as polaron formation, revealing both as coupled many-body excitation.

Journal: The Journal of chemical physics (2023)
Publication types: Journal Article
Sepsis and septic shock: current approaches to management.

Sepsis, defined as life-threatening organ dysfunction due to a dysregulated host response to infection, is recognised by the world health organization as a global health priority.Each year, 5000 of the 18 000 adults with sepsis treated in australian intensive care units die, with survivors suffering long-term physical, cognitive and psychological dysfunction, which is poorly recognised and frequently untreated.There are currently no effective pharmacological treatments for sepsis, making early recognition, resuscitation and immediate treatment with appropriate antibiotics the key to reducing the burden of resulting disease.The majority of sepsis, around 70-80%, is community acquired making emergency departments and primary care key targets to improve recognition and early management.Case fatality rates for sepsis are decreasing in many countries with the reduction attributed to national or regional screening and quality improvement programmes focused on early identification and immediate treatment.The optimum approach to treating established sepsis has been informed by high-quality, multicentre investigator initiated randomised trials with much of the valuable data coming from national health and medical research council-funded trials run from australia.While early recognition and improved management of the acute episode are important steps in reducing death and disability from sepsis, a substantial reduction in the burden of sepsis-related disease requires action across the entire healthcare system.In this narrative review, we provide a summary of current knowledge on epidemiology of sepsis and septic shock and recommendations on the optimum approach to the management of these conditions in adults.

Journal: Internal medicine journal (2019)
Publication types: Journal Article;Review
Supramolecular structures of self-assembled oligomers under confinement.

We study the molecular origin of a prepeak (pp) observed at lowqvalues in the structure factors of three oligomers in a bulk (poly(mercaptopropyl)methylsiloxane, pmms, poly(methylmercaptopropyl)-grafted-hexylmethacrylate, pmms-g-hma, and poly(methylphenyl)siloxane, pmps) in order to understand the lowering of the pp intensity detected for oligomers confined in cylindrical pores with low diameter.For this purpose, we use a combination of x-ray diffraction measurements and coarse-grained bead-spring molecular dynamics simulations.Our molecular modelling demonstrated that the planarity of the pendant groups triggers the self-association of oligomers into nanoaggregates.However, the formation of oligomeric nanodomains is not sufficient for building-up the pp.The latter requires spatial disturbance in the arrangement of the side groups of oligomers within clusters.Importantly, our numerical analysis revealed that the increasing degree of the confinement of oligomers limits their aggregation and consequently lowers the amplitude of the pp observed in the experimental data.

Journal: Soft matter (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article