syedzayyan/paper_mill_benchmark huggingface dataset:
A Comprehensive Review: Computational Models for Obstructive Sleep Apnea Detection in Biomedical Applications

Obstructive s leep apnea (osa) is a sleep disorder characterized by periodic episodes of partial or complete upper airway obstruction caused by narrowing or collapse of the pharyngeal airway despite ongoing breathing efforts during sleep.Fall in the blood oxygen saturation and cortical arousals are prompted by this reduction in the airflow which lasts for at least 10 seconds.Impaired labor performance, debilitated quality of life, excessive daytime sleepiness, high snoring, and tiredness even after a whole night’s sleep are the primary symptoms of osa.In due course, the long‐standing contributions of osa culminate in hypertension, arrhythmia, cerebrovascular disease, and heart failure.The traditional diagnostic approach of osa is the laboratory‐based polysomnography (psg) overnight sleep study, which is a tedious and labor‐intensive process that exaggerates the discomfort to the patient.With the advent of computer‐aided diagnosis (cad), automatic detection of osa has gained increasing interest among researchers in the area of sleep disorders as it influences both diagnostic and therapeutic decisions.The research literature on sleep apnea published during the last decade has been surveyed, focusing on the varied screening approaches accustomed to identifying osa events and the developmental knowledge offered by multiple contributors from the software perspective.The current study presents an overview of the pathophysiology of osa, the detection methods, physiological signals related to osa, the different preprocessing, feature extraction, feature selection, and classification techniques employed for the detection and classification of osa.Consequently, the research challenges and research gaps in the diagnosis of osa are identified, critically analyzed, and presented in the best possible light.

Journal: BioMed Research International (2022)
Publication types: Review Article;
Zonisamide’s Efficacy and Safety on Parkinson’s Disease and Dementia with Lewy Bodies: A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review

Clinical data has recently shown an association between parkinson’s disease (pd), dementia with lewy bodies (dlb), and zonisamide.The purpose of this study was to thoroughly evaluate the efficacy and safety of zonisamide in pd and dlb.Methods .pubmed, the cochrane library, web of science, and embase databases were searched for all randomized clinical trials (rcts) on the role of zonisamide in pd and dlb that were completed by april 18, 2022.Updrs ii (off) total score, updrs iii total score, daily “off” time, and updrs part iv, nos.32, 33, and 34 were used as clinical efficacy endpoints.Adverse events reported in the rcts will be considered in the final safety analysis.To better understand the effect of zonisamide on the efficacy and safety of pd and dlb, the updrs iii total score and the six overlapping adverse events were examined in subgroups.Either a fixed effects model analysis (or) or a random effects model analysis (md) is used to figure out the mean difference (md) and the relative risk.Results .Seven articles involving 1749 patients (916 pd and 833 dlb) were included in this study.Compared to the control group, zonisamide could significantly reduce the updrs iii total score in patients with pd and dlb (wmd‐2.27 [95% ci: ‐3.06, ‐1.48], p &lt; 0.0001).For patients with pd, compared to the control group, zonisamide could significantly reduce the updrs ii (off) total score (wmd‐0.81 [95% ci: ‐1.36, ‐0.26], p = 0.004), daily “off” time (wmd‐0.67 [95% ci: ‐1.10, 0.24], p = 0.002), and updrs part iv, no.32 worsen (or‐3.48 [95% ci: 1.20, 10.10], p = 0.02).In terms of safety, compared with the control group, for patients with dlb, zonisamide could significantly increase the incidence of contusion (or‐0.60 [95% ci: 0.38, 0.96], p = 0.03) and may increase the probability of reduced appetite (or‐3.13 [95% ci: 1.61, 6.08], p = 0.0008).And for patients with pd, zonisamide may increase the probability of somnolence (or‐2.17 [95% ci: 1.25, 3.76], p = 0.006).Conclusions .For the analysis of the current study results, our results show that zonisamide could improve the motor function in patients with pd and dlb and improve the activities of daily living (off) and wearing off and decrease the duration of dyskinesia in patients with pd.In terms of safety, the use of zonisamide significantly increases the probability of contusion in patients with dlb and may increase the probability of reduced appetite in patients with dlb and somnolence in patients with pd.Zonisamide appears to be a new treatment option for patients with pd and dlb.However, the effectiveness and safety of zonisamide in the treatment of pd and dlb need to be further investigated.

Journal: BioMed Research International (2022)
Publication types: Meta-Analysis;
Yiqi-Huoxue Granule (YQHX) Downregulates Prothrombotic Factors by Modulating KLF2 and NF-iκ/iB in HUVECs following LPS Stimulation

The yiqi-huoxue granule (yqhx) is a traditional chinese medication widely used in the therapy of the traditional chinese medicine diagnosis “qi deficiency” or “blood stasis” in china.Both these symptoms are related to inflammation, but the mechanisms of yqhx against inflammation are largely unknown.Thus, our present study investigated the effects of yqhx on regulating inflammatory responses induced by lipopolysaccharides (lps) in huvecs.Our data found that yqhx remarkably inhibits the production of prothrombotic factors, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (pai-1) and tissue factor (tf), while it upregulates the protein expression of kruppel-like factor 2 (klf2).The increase in pai-1 and tf was significantly attenuated through a transgenic knockdown in klf2 with a lenti-sh klf2 vector.Yqhx also decreases the phosphorylation of nuclear factor- κ b (nf- κ b) p65 and i κ b following lps stimulation, and it effectively suppresses pai-1 and tf via a nf- κ b-dependent mechanism.Taken together, our results suggest that yqhx provides a notable antithrombotic activity via regulating the klf2 expression and nf- κ b signaling pathway in huvecs.The klf2 and nf- κ b may be potential therapeutic targets for interventions of inflammation associated with atherosclerosis.

Journal: Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity (2019)
Publication types: Research Article;
Watery Rose Apple: A Comprehensive Review of Its Traditional Uses, Nutritional Value, Phytochemistry, and Therapeutic Merits against Inflammation-Related Disorders

The myrtle family, myrtaceae, constitutes over 5500 species, and syzygium is considered the largest genus of the flowering plants within the family.The watery rose apple, syzygium aqueum, is a traditional medicinal plant with various bioactive compounds distributed in all plant parts.These include phenolic compounds, flavonoids, tannins, terpenoids, and essential oils.S.Aqueum extracts and their isolated compounds showed multiple beneficial biological effects such as antibacterial, antifungal, antidiabetic, analgesic, antimalarial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer activities.This review is aimed at discussing all the available information about the nutritional value, traditional uses, and therapeutic properties of the leaves, fruit, and stem bark of the plant, in addition to the distribution of phytoconstituents in its different parts as well as recommend future research directions on this species to promote its clinical uses.

Journal: Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity (2022)
Publication types: Review Article;
Vancomycin as an Antibacterial Agent Capped with Silver Nanoparticles: An Experimental Potential Analysis

For the treatment of various infections, a variety of antimicrobial drugs are formulated.Nevertheless, many bacterial infections now exhibit antibiotic resistance due to the widespread utilization antibiotics.Methicillin‐resistant among the most dangerous multidrug‐resistant bacteria is staphylococcus aureus (mrsa).Vancomycin became a viable therapy option due to mrsa resistance to methicillin medicines.One of the well‐informed antibacterial compounds with wideband antibacterial activity is silver nanoparticles (ag nps).Ag nps are thus suitable candidates for usage in conjunction alongside vancomycin to increase its antibacterial effect.The goal of the present research work is to boost the antibacterial potency of the glycopeptide antibiotic vancomycin towards gram‐positive (staphylococcus aureus) but also gram‐negative (escherichia coli) bacteria.The chemical reduction approach is used to create a colloidal solution of silver nanoparticles utilizing silver nitrate as a precursor in the environment of the ionic surfactant trisodium citrate that serves as covering including reducing reagent.Vancomycin was used to functionalize the synthesized nanoparticles and create the nanodrug complex (van@ag nps).The synergistic antibacterial potential of silver nanoparticles coated with vancomycin on both test pathogens was investigated using the agar well diffusion technique.The antibacterial potency for both classes of bacteria has significantly increased, according to the well diffusion test.It has been noted that this improvement is synergistic instead of additive.

Journal: BioMed Research International (2022)
Publication types: Research Article;
Utilization of Bioinorganic Nanodrugs and Nanomaterials for the Control of Infectious Diseases Using Deep Learning

As one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality, viral infections have a major impact on the well‐being and economics of every nation in the globe.The ability to predictably diagnose viral infections improves the provision of good healthcare as well as the control and prevention of these conditions.Nanomaterials have gained widespread usage in the medical industry recently due to the rapid advancement of nanotechnology and their exceptional chemical and physical qualities, such as their small size and synthesized surface properties.The utilization of nanoparticles for illness detection, surveillance, control, preventive, and therapy, such as the treatment of bacterial infections, is referred to as nanomedicine.Nanomedicine is a comprehensive discipline that is founded on the usage of nanotechnology for clinical objectives.Nanoparticles, which have a nanoscale dimension and exhibit highly controllable optical and physical characteristics as well as the ability to bind to a large variety of chemicals, are among the most popular nanomaterials in nanomedicine.A deep learning framework of autoencoder for categorization study on viral infections is built based on actual hospital patient history of viral infections from august 2015 to august 2020.The information comprises of 10,950 cases, comprising outpatients and inpatients, encompassing the infectious diseases.Of such 10,950 instances, training set made up 70% or 7665 instances, and testing data made up 30% or 3285 instances.The data processing was done using the presented recurrent neural network‐artificial bee colony (rnn‐abc) method.Sparse data densifying processes are done through the autoencoder to enhance the system learning outcome.The suggested autoencoder system was also evaluated to other widely used models, including support vector machine, logistic regression, random forest, and naïve bayes.In comparison to other approaches, the study’s findings demonstrate how well the suggested autoencoder model can predict viral diseases.The methods used for this research can aid in removing reported lags in current monitoring systems, hence reducing society’s expenses.

Journal: BioMed Research International (2023)
Publication types: Research Article;
Urine Albumin/Creatinine Ratio and Microvascular Disease in Elderly Hypertensive Patients without Comorbidities

S .A high urine albumin/creatinine ratio (uacr) is associated with microvascular disease in hypertensive patients.However, hypertensive patients frequently have other comorbidities.Thus, it is difficult to distinguish the role of uacr from that of comorbidities in microvascular disease.The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between uacr and microvascular disease in elderly hypertension patients without comorbidities.Methods .A cross‐sectional cohort study of 2252 essential hypertension patients aged 65‐94 years without comorbidities between january 1, 2016, and december 31, 2017, was conducted.Microvascular disease was evaluated by hypertension retinopathy (hr).Multivariable adjusted odds of hr by uacr quartiles were determined using logistic regression.Results .The hr prevalence was 22.1% ( n = 472) among the cohort study and was significantly different among uacr quartiles (19.7%, 20.3%, 22.0%, and 26.4% in quartiles 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively, p = 0.036).After adjustment for covariates, higher uacr (odds ratio (or) = 1.42, 95% confidence interval (ci) 1.05‐1.92, quartile 4 versus 1) were significantly associated with hr.Among male patients, higher uacr (or = 1.65, 95% ci 1.07‐2.55, quartile 4 versus 1) were significantly associated with hr after adjustment for covariates.Among female patients, however, 64% and 40% increased odds of hr were noted in the highest and lowest uacr (quartiles 4 and 1, respectively) compared to uacr quartile 2.Conclusions .Microvascular disease was associated with higher uacr in elderly male essential hypertension patients without comorbidities but was associated with lower and higher uacr in female patients without comorbidities.

Journal: BioMed Research International (2021)
Publication types: Research Article;
Urinary Angiogenin as a Marker for Bladder Cancer: A Meta-Analysis

S.Bladder cancer (bca) is a common cancer in north america and europe that carries considerable morbidity and mortality.A reliable biomarker for early detection of the bladder is crucial for improving the prognosis of bca.In this meta‐analysis, we examine the diagnostic role of the angiogenin (ang) protein in patients’ urine with bladder neoplasm.Methods.We performed a systematic literature search using science direct, web of science, pub med/medline, scopus, google scholar, and embase, up to 10 th october 2020 databases.Meta‐disc v.1.4 and comprehensive meta‐analysis v.2.2 software calculated the pooled specificity, sensitivity, area under the curve (auc), diagnostic odds ratio (dor), positive likelihood ratio (lr + ), negative likelihood ratio (lr - ), q ∗ index, and summary receiver‐operating characteristic (sroc) for the role of ang as a urinary biomarker for bca patients.Results.Four case‐control studies were included with 656 participants (417 cases and 239 controls) in this meta‐analysis.The pooled sensitivity of 0.71 (95% ci: 0.66–0.75), specificity of 0.78 (95% ci: 0.73–0.81), lr + of 3.34 (95% ci: 2.02–5.53), lr - of 0.37 (95% ci: 0.32–0.44), dor of 9.99 (95% ci: 4.69–21.28), and auc of 0.789 and q ∗ index of 0.726 demonstrate acceptable diagnostic precision of ang in identifying bca.Conclusion.This meta‐analysis showed that ang could be a fair biomarker for the diagnosis of bca patients.

Journal: BioMed Research International (2021)
Publication types: Meta-Analysis;
Two Myricetin-Derived Flavonols from Morella rubra Leaves as Potent α-Glucosidase Inhibitors and Structure-Activity Relationship Study by Computational Chemistry

Diabetes mellitus (dm) is a chronic disease characterized by hyperglycemia, and oxidative stress is an important cause and therapeutic target of dm.Phytochemicals such as flavonols are important natural antioxidants that can be used for prevention and treatment of dm.In the present study, six flavonols were precisely prepared and structurally elucidated from morella rubra leaves, which were screened based on antioxidant assays and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities of different plant tissues.Myricetin-3-o-(2′′-o-galloyl)-α-l-rhamnoside (2) and myricetin-3-o-(4′′-o-galloyl)-α-l-rhamnoside (3) showed excellent α-glucosidase inhibitory effects with ic50 values of 1.32 and 1.77 μm, respectively, which were hundredfold higher than those of positive control acarbose.Molecular docking simulation illustrated that the presence of galloyl group altered the binding orientation of flavonols, where it occupied the opening of the cavity pocket of α-glucosidase along with pi-anion interaction with glu304 and pi-pi stacked with his279.Pi-conjugations generated between galloyl moiety and key residues at the active site of α-glucosidase reinforced the flavonol-enzyme binding, which might explain the greatly increased activity of compounds 2 and 3.In addition, 26 flavonols were evaluated for systematic analysis of structure-activity relationship (sar) between flavonols and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity.By using their p ic50 (-log ic50) values, three-dimensional quantitative sar (3d-qsar) models were developed via comparative molecular field analysis (co mfa) and comparative similarity index analysis (co msia), both of which were validated to possess high accuracy and predictive power as indicated by the reasonable cross-validated coefficient ( q 2 ) and non-cross-validated coefficient ( r 2 ) values.Through analyzing 3d contour maps of both co mfa and co msia models, qsar results were in agreement with in vitro experimental data.Therefore, such results showed that the galloyl group in compounds 2 and 3 is crucial for interacting with key residues of α-glucosidase and the established 3d-qsar models could provide valuable information for the prediction of flavonols with great antidiabetic potential.

Journal: Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity (2022)
Publication types: Research Article;
Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha Disrupts Cx43-Mediated Corneal Endothelial Gap Junction Intercellular Communication

Connexin43 (cx43)-mediated gap junctions are vital in maintaining corneal endothelium homeostasis.Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (tnf-α) is among the most important inflammatory factors which cause corneal endothelial dysfunction in various eye diseases.However, the effect of tnf-α on cx43-mediated gap junctions of the corneal endothelium remains undefined.In the current research, we determined the effect of tnf-α on gap junction intercellular communication (gjic) in rabbit corneal endothelium.To evaluate alterations of gjic, if any, we treated ex vivo cultured rabbit corneal endothelium with different concentrations of tnf-α (2-20 ng/ml).The localization of cx43 was analyzed by immunostaining, while rt-q pcr and western blot were used to profile the expression of cx43 and zonula occludens-1 (zo-1).The association between zo-1 and cx43 was evaluated using immunoprecipitation and double staining.Gjic activity was determined by the scrap loading and dye transfer assay (sldt).Our data demonstrated that a high concentration of tnf-α (10 ng/ml and 20 ng/ml) disrupts the cx43 mediated gap junction distribution in rabbit corneal endothelium and suppresses the expression of cx43 protein.Furthermore, rabbit corneal endothelial gjic was inhibited due to the decreased association between the zo-1 and cx43 proteins.Current results demonstrate that tnf-α inhibits corneal endothelial gjic via decreasing the association between zo-1 and cx43, disrupting the distribution of cx43, and downregulating the expression of cx43 protein.This study offers a new theoretical foundation for diagnosing and treating corneal endothelial cell decompensation induced by elevated tnf-α in various eye diseases.

Journal: Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity (2022)
Publication types: Research Article;
Toxicological Effects of Sewage Water on Chick Embryonic Development

For toxicity research, a total of 100 fertilized nonincubated eggs were used for this study.There were two trials in this experiment which were further divided into 2 phases based on a different days of sewage water treatment and observation days.In each trial, 50 eggs were used and divided into 5 groups.Group a, b, and c were treated with three different concentrations of pure and diluted sewage water (100%, 70%, and 30%), respectively.Control group d was given 0.3 ml saline solution (0.9% na cl) and group e was uninjected.Different parameters such as the embryo’s body weight, body length, forelimb length, hindlimb length, and head diameter were determined.In trial 1, eggs were treated with sewage water on 7 th day of incubation and opened on 8 th day (phase i) and 9 th day (phase ii).When the trial 1 (phase i) findings were compared to the control groups, it was observed that body weight, body length, forelimb length, and hindlimb length were highly statistically significant differences ( p &lt; 0.01), but the head diameter was not significant ( p &gt; 0.05).Phase ii result showed embryo’s head diameter was a highly statistically significant difference ( p &lt; 0.01), whereas forelimb length was significant ( p &lt; 0.05), and body weight, body length, and hindlimb length were nonsignificant ( p &gt; 0.05).In trial 2, eggs were treated with sewage water on 14 th day of incubation and opened on 15 th day (phase i) and 16 th day (phase ii).Results of 15 th day showed a highly statistically significant ( p &lt; 0.01) difference in hindlimb length, while body weight, body length, forelimb length, and head diameter were nonsignificant ( p &gt; 0.05).Phase ii of trial 2 showed that on 16 th day, body weight, body length, forelimb length, hindlimb length, and head diameter showed a nonsignificant ( p &gt; 0.05) difference between experimental and control groups.Embryos were observed to be deforming on the 9 th day (after 48 hours of exposure to sewage water).Other phases showed no signs of deformation.Except on 8 th day of incubation, dose‐related mortalities were present in experimental groups, while the control group showed no mortality.

Journal: BioMed Research International (2022)
Publication types: Research Article;
Toxicological and Teratogenic Effect of Various Food Additives: An Updated Review

Scientific evidence is mounting that synthetic chemicals used as food additives may have harmful impacts on health.Food additives are chemicals that are added to food to keep it from spoiling, as well as to improve its colour and taste.Some are linked to negative health impacts, while others are healthy and can be ingested with little danger.According to several studies, health issues such as asthma, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (adhd), heart difficulties, cancer, obesity, and others are caused by harmful additives and preservatives.Some food additives may interfere with hormones and influences growth and development.It is one of the reasons why so many children are overweight.Children are more likely than adults to be exposed to these types of dietary intakes.Several food additives are used by women during pregnancy and breast feeding that are not fully safe.We must take specific precaution to avoid consuming dangerous compounds before they begin to wreak havoc on our health.This study is intended to understand how the preservatives induce different health problem in the body once it is consumed.This review focuses on some specific food additives such as sodium benzoate, aspartame, tartrazine, carrageenan, and potassium benzoate, as well as vitamin a.Long‐term use of food treated with the above‐mentioned food preservatives resulted in teratogenicity and other allergens, according to the study.Other health issues can be avoided in the future by using natural food additives derived from plants and other natural sources.

Journal: BioMed Research International (2022)
Publication types: Review Article;