syedzayyan/paper_mill_benchmark huggingface dataset:
Timing of antibiotics in the management of community-acquired sepsis: Can a randomised controlled trial of prehospital therapy provide answers?

Significant tension surrounds the application of antibiotics in suspected infection.Guidelines stress the importance of early empirical broad-spectrum therapy, with select observational data suggesting inferior outcomes when this is delayed.In contrast, microbiological resistance is an ever increasing global problem, with many advocating for a more restricted, culture-driven approach to antibiotic prescription.Controlled trial data are urgently needed, although many clinicians would find withholding of antibiotic therapy unethical.A trial of prehospital antibiotic administration (by paramedics) in patients with suspected sepsis would therefore provide crucial data, and go a long way to determining whether earlier empirical therapy does actually improve outcomes.

Journal: Emergency medicine Australasia : EMA (2018)
Publication types: Journal Article;Observational Study;Randomized Controlled Trial
Biometric refractive error after cataract and retina surgery: a systematic review and a benchmark proposal.

To systematically review studies on refractive error after phacovitrectomy and phacoemulsification and to investigate factors associated with larger error.Materials and methods a literature search was performed using pubmed and embase until may 2020.The articles were included in the study if they reported data about refractive error as the difference in spherical equivalent between actual vs.Target refraction in patients who underwent phacovitrectomy and phacoemulsification according to the type of biometry (ultrasound or optical).An inverse variance meta-analysis technique was used to pool errors; standard deviations (sds), which are an expression of random error, were reported descriptively as median and range of the 95% coefficient of reproducibility (95% cr: 1.96 sd).Results twenty-one studies (197,353 eyes) were included.The mean error obtained using optical biometry was negligible for phacoemulsification (0.04 d, 95% ci: -0.04 to 0.12; 8 studies, 587 eyes) and was consistent with larger datasets using mixed biometric methods (0.02, 95% ci -0.07 to 0.04; 5 studies, 194,522 eyes).A trend towards hyperopia was found with ultrasound biometry after phacoemulsification (+0.21 d, 0.00-0.42 d; 7 studies, 394 eyes).Mean error after phacovitrectomy was clinically insignificant with optical biometry (-0.10 d, -0.22 to 0.02;, 8 studies, 453 eyes), and) and a mild myopic shift was possible with ultrasound biometry (-0.39 d, 95% ci: -0.68 to -0.09 d; 6 studies, 529 eyes).The 95% cr was greater and more variable with ultrasound biometry in patients who underwent phacovitrectomy (median 1.75 d, range 0.47-2.5) while it was consistent and lower with optical biometry in patients who underwent phacoemulsification (median 0.96 d, range 0.60-1.2]).Conclusions phacovitrectomy causes a mild myopic shift compared to phacoemulsification, which is clinically relevant only with ultrasound biometry.Furthermore, our review provides estimates of fixed and random error for postoperative vs.Target spherical equivalent as a continuous variable, that is easy to use as benchmark for quality assurance.

Journal: Eye (London, England) (2021)
Publication types: Journal Article;Meta-Analysis;Systematic Review
A systematic review and meta-analysis on different stem fixation methods of radial head prostheses during long-term follow-up.

Radial head arthroplasty (rha) is typically performed for non-reconstructible radial head fractures with or without valgus stability.The fixation methods can be divided into cemented rigid fixation, such as screw fixation, and uncemented micromovement fixation, including smooth stem, press-fit, expanded device, in-growth stem, and grit-blasted stem fixations.Different fixation methods may impact long-term clinical outcomes and cause complications.This study aimed to compare the long-term follow-up outcomes of cemented and uncemented radial head prostheses.methods:a computerized literature search was performed in the pub med/medline, embase, cochrane library, and web of science databases for studies on radial head prostheses, replacement, and arthroplasty published from inception to april 2022.The prostheses fixation method was divided into cemented and uncemented fixation groups.The outcomes of interest included the participant characteristics, prostheses types, clinical outcomes, reoperation rates, and complication rates during long-term follow-up.results:a total of 57 studies involving 2050 patients who underwent rha were included in our analysis.Cemented fixation was used in 23 of these studies, uncemented fixation in 35 studies, and both cemented and uncemented fixations in one study.Both fixation groups showed significantly improved clinical outcomes after treatment.In particular, both the reoperation and complication rates were lower in the uncemented fixation group (12% and 22%, respectively) than that in the cemented fixation group (20% and 29%, respectively).Among the studies, uncemented monopolar fixation had the lowest reoperation rate (14%), while cemented monopolar fixation had the highest reoperation rate (36%).Regarding complication rates, uncemented bipolar fixation yielded the lowest rate (12%), while cemented bipolar fixation yielded the highest rate (34%).The range of motion and clinical outcome scores were good in both groups.conclusion:uncemented radial head prostheses had lower reoperation and complication rates than cemented prostheses.In particular, uncemented monopolar prostheses may yield the lowest reoperation rate, while uncemented bipolar prostheses may yield the lowest overall complication rate.

Journal: Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology (2022)
Publication types: Systematic Review;Journal Article
Optimization Model of Signal-to-Noise Ratio for a Typical Polarization Multispectral Imaging Remote Sensor.

The signal-to-noise ratio (snr) is an important performance evaluation index of polarization spectral imaging remote sensors.The snr-estimation method based on the existing remote sensor is not perfect.To improve the snr of this model, a partial detector check slant direction is presented in this study, and a polarization extinction ratio related to the internal snr model of a typical multispectral imaging remote sensor is combined with the vector radiative transfer model to construct the atmosphere 6sv-snr coupling model.The new result is that the central wavelength of the detection spectrum, the observation zenith angle, and the extinction ratio all affect the snr of the remote sensor, and the snr increases with the increase in the central wavelength of the detection spectrum.It is proved that the model can comprehensively estimate the snr of a typical polarization multispectral imaging remote sensor under different detection conditions, and it provides an important basis for the application evaluation of such remote sensors.

Journal: Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
Sphingolipids are involved in insect egg-induced cell death in Arabidopsis.

In brassicaceae, hypersensitive-like programmed cell death (hr-like) is a central component of direct defenses triggered against eggs of the large white butterfly (pieris brassicae).The signaling pathway leading to hr-like in arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana) is mainly dependent on salicylic acid (sa) accumulation, but downstream components are unclear.Here, we found that treatment with p.Brassicae egg extract (ee) triggered changes in expression of sphingolipid metabolism genes in arabidopsis and black mustard (brassica nigra).Disruption of ceramide (cer) synthase activity led to a significant decrease of ee-induced hr-like whereas sa signaling and reactive oxygen species levels were unchanged, suggesting that cer are downstream activators of hr-like.Sphingolipid quantifications showed that cer with c16:0 side chains accumulated in both plant species and this response was largely unchanged in the sa-induction deficient2 (sid2-1) mutant.Finally, we provide genetic evidence that the modification of fatty acyl chains of sphingolipids modulates hr-like.Altogether, these results show that sphingolipids play a key and specific role during insect egg-triggered hr-like.

Journal: Plant physiology (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Dentists' Attitude Towards Dental Treatment of Disabled Patients.

Dental care is widely acknowledged as one of the most significant challenges facing individuals with disabilities.These patients cannot care for themselves and more attention should be paid to these individuals, particularly in oral health care.Aim of the study this research investigates the knowledge and expertise of the dentists at ajman university regarding the treatment of individuals with disabilities and the factors influencing their ability to treat these patients in private practice.Materials and methods methods included a descriptive cross-sectional survey employing 18 fixed-choice questions administered to a representative sample of 150 dentists working in the ajman university area (both ajman and fujairah campuses).Results most participants admitted to a lack of ideal expertise in working with individuals with disability.However, being in the minority, such individuals have acceptable experience to provide the first line treatment.Conclusion the vast majority of participants expressed limitations with their training and limitations with an advanced level of care for this popular one.Other factors influencing the treatment of individuals with disabilities included the time it takes to treat the patients, inability to communicate with such patients, lack of patient collaboration, fear of causing harm to the patient and auxiliary staff and diminished patient compliance.

Journal: Advances in medical education and practice (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
The role of angiotensin I converting enzyme insertion/deletion polymorphism in the severity and outcomes of COVID-19 patients.

The pandemic of coronavirus disease in 2019 has led to a global crisis.Covid-19 shows distinct clinical manifestations of the severity of symptoms.Numerous patients with no associated risk factors demonstrate acute respiratory distress syndrome (ards).The role of genetic factors in determining the severity and outcome of the disease remains unresolved.The purpose of this study was to see if a correlation exists between angiotensin i converting enzyme (ace) insertion/deletion (i/d) polymorphism and the severity of covid-19 patients' symptoms.120 covid-19 patients admitted to masih daneshvari hospital in tehran with their consent to participate entered the study.Based on the world health organization classification, patients were divided into moderate and severe groups, which were primarily affected by o2saturation levels.The effects of the patients'aceinsertion/deletion polymorphism, background disease, angiotensin receptor blocker (arb) drug consumption, and demographic parameters on the severity risk were calculated statistically.The aced allele was associated with an increased risk of disease severity (or = 6.766,p= 0.012), but had no effect on mortality.

Journal: Frontiers in genetics (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
Importance of the Graded Chronic Pain Scale as a Biopsychosocial Screening Instrument in TMD Pain Patient Subtyping.

S to compare the suitability of graded chronic pain scale (gcps) pain intensity and interference assessments (gcps version 1.0 vs 2.0) for the biopsychosocial screening and subtyping of finnish tertiary care referral patients with tmd pain.Methods altogether, 197 tmd pain patients participated in this study.All patients received axis ii specialist-level psychosocial questionnaires from the diagnostic criteria for temporomandibular disorders (dc/tmd-fin) and research diagnostic criteria for temporomandibular disorders (rdc/tmd-fin), as well as questionnaires for the assessment of additional pain-related, biopsychosocial, and treatment-related variables.Clinical examinations were performed according to the dc/tmd axis i protocol.The patients were categorized into tmd subtypes 1, 2, and 3 (gcps i and ii-low; ii-high; and iii and iv, respectively) based on their biopsychosocial profiles according to gcps versions 1.0 and 2.0.Results the distribution of tmd pain patients into tmd subtypes was similar according to the gcps 1.0 compared to the gcps 2.0.Over 50% of the patients were moderately (tmd subtype 2) or severely (tmd subtype 3) compromised.Patients in subtype 3 experienced biopsychosocial symptoms and reported previous health care visits significantly more often than patients in subtypes 1 and 2.Patients in subtype 2 reported intermediate biopsychosocial burden compared to subtypes 1 and 3.Conclusion tmd pain patients differ in their biopsychosocial profiles, and, similarly to the gcps 1.0, the gcps 2.0 is a suitable instrument for categorizing tmd tertiary care pain patients into three biopsychosocially relevant tmd subtypes.The gcps 2.0 can be regarded as a suitable initial screening tool for adjunct personalized or comprehensive multidisciplinary assessment.

Journal: Journal of oral & facial pain and headache (2021)
Publication types: Journal Article
Preoperative blood pressure and risk of delayed graft function in deceased donor kidney transplantation.

In kidney transplantation, delayed graft function (dgf) is associated with increased morbidity and a higher risk of graft failure.Prior research suggests that chronic hypotension increases dgf risk, but the relationship of preoperative blood pressure to dgf is unclear.Methods in this single center study of adult deceased donor kidney transplant recipients transplanted between 2015 and 2019, we evaluated the question of whether preoperative mean arterial pressure (map) affected dgf risk.Additionally, we investigated whether the risk of dgf was moderated by certain donor and recipient characteristics.For recipient characteristics associated with increased dgf risk and preoperative map, we performed a mediation analysis to estimate the proportion of dgf risk mediated through preoperative map.Results among 562 deceased donor kidney recipients, dgf risk decreased as preoperative map increased, with a 2% lower risk per 1 mm hg increase in map.This increased risk was similar, with no statistically significant interaction effect between preoperative map and donor (donation after circulatory death) and recipient characteristics (diabetes, body mass index, and use of anti-hypertensive medications).Preoperative map was negativity correlated with recipient bmi and duration of pre transplant dialysis.On mediation analysis, map accounted for 12% and 16% of the dgf risk associated with recipient bmi and pre-transplant dialysis duration, respectively.Conclusion in deceased donor kidney transplantation, each 1 mm hg increase in preoperative map was associated with 2% lower dgf risk.Preoperative map was influenced by recipient bmi and dialysis duration, and likely contributes to some of the high dgf risk from obesity and long dialysis vintage.

Journal: Clinical transplantation (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article;Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Interpersonal violence and other social-structural barriers associated with needing HIV treatment support for women living with HIV.

Women living with hiv (wlwh), experience disproportionate rates of violence, along with suboptimal hiv health outcomes, despite recent advancements in hiv treatment, known as antiretroviral therapy (art).The objectives of this study were to: (a) describe different types of support needed to take art and (b) investigate the social and structural correlates associated with needing support for art adherence among wlwh.Data are drawn from sexual health and hiv/aids: women's longitudinal needs assessment, a community-based open research cohort with cisgender and transgender wlwh, aged 14+ who live or access hiv services in metro vancouver, canada (2014-present).Baseline and semi-annual questionnaires are administered by community interviewers alongside a clinical visit with a sexual health research nurse.Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression using generalized estimating equations and an exchangeable working correlation matrix was used to model factors associated with needing supports for art adherence.Among 276 wlwh, 51% (n= 142) reported needing support for art adherence; 95% of participants reported lifetime gender-based violence and identified many interpersonal, structural, community, and clinical supports that would facilitate and support art adherence.In multivariable logistic regression, participants who were indigenous (adjusted odds ratio [aor]: 1.70, 95% confidence intervals [ci]: 1.07-2.72), or otherwise racialized (aor: 2.36, 95% ci : 1.09-5.12) versus white, experienced recent gender-based physical violence (aor : 1.54, 95% ci : 1.03-2.31), lifetime post-traumatic stress disorder (aor : 1.97, 95% ci : 1.22-3.18), and recent illicit drug use (aor : 2.15, 95% ci : 1.43-3.22), had increased odds of needing support for art adherence.This research suggests a need for trauma-informed, culturally safe and culturally responsive practice and services for wlwh along the hiv care continuum to support art adherence.All services should be developed by, with, and for wlwh and tailored according to gender identity, taking into account history, culture, and trauma, including the negative impacts of settler colonialism for indigenous people.

Journal: Journal of interpersonal violence (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Flow-assisted droplet assembly in a 3D microfluidic channel.

Self-assembly of soft matter, such as droplets or colloids, has become a promising scheme to engineer novel materials, model living matter, and explore non-equilibrium statistical mechanics.In this article, we present detailed numerical simulations of few non-brownian droplets in various flow conditions, specifically, focusing on their self-assembly within a short distance in a three-dimensional (3d) microfluidic channel, cf.[shen et al., adv.Sci., 2016, 3(6), 1600012].Contrary to quasi two-dimensional (q2d) systems, where dipolar interaction is the key mechanism for droplet rearrangement, droplets in 3d confinement produce much less disturbance to the underlying flow, thus experiencing weaker dipolar interactions.Using confined simple shear and poiseuille flows as reference flows, we show that the droplet dynamics is mostly affected by the shear-induced cross-stream migration, which favors chain structures if the droplets are under an attractive depletion force.For more compact clusters, such as three droplets in a triangular shape, our results suggest that an inhomogeneous cross-sectional inflow profile is further required.Overall, the accelerated self-assembly of a small-size droplet cluster results from the combined effects of strong depletion forces, confinement-mediated shear alignments, and fine-tuned inflow conditions.The deterministic nature of the flow-assisted self-assembly implies the possibility of large throughputs, though calibration of all different effects to directly produce large droplet crystals is generally difficult.

Journal: Soft matter (2019)
Publication types: Journal Article
Detection of Neisseria gonorrhoeae or Chlamydia trachomatis from oral wash specimens using the Abbott RealTime CT/NG assay and the Cobas 4800 CT/NG assay: A prospective study.

Introduction isolating oropharyngeal neisseria gonorrhoeae (ng) and chlamydia trachomatis (ct) from oral wash specimens (owss) is uncommon.Therefore, we evaluated the performance of the abbott real time ct/ng assay and the cobas 4800 ct/ng assay in detecting ng and ct in owss.Methods this multicenter prospective study included 457 patients from 14 medical facilities suspected of having untreated male urethritis or female cervicitis from november 2014 to december 2015.Owss were collected and tested using the abbott and cobas assays.Finally, the discordant results were confirmed using the aptima combo 2 transcription-mediated amplification assay and retested using each assay.Results the sensitivity and specificity of the abbott assay were 100% and 97.2% for ng and 87.5% and 100% for ct, respectively, and of the cobas assay were 100% and 98.8% for ng and 93.8% and 99.8% for ct, respectively.Both assays had high negative but low positive predictive values for oropharyngeal ng (abbott assay: 65.7%, cobas assay: 82.1%).Based on the definition of "true positive," the prevalence of oropharyngeal ng and ct were 5.0% and 3.5%, respectively.Conclusions the abbott and cobas assays using owss had high sensitivity and specificity, which can help diagnose oropharyngeal ng and ct.We consider that if a positive result is obtained, the patient should be treated because the negative predictive values were high.However, limited data are available on oropharyngeal ng and ct detection, and further studies are needed to clarify the role of oropharyngeal sexually transmitted infections.

Journal: Journal of infection and chemotherapy : official journal of the Japan Society of Chemotherapy (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article;Multicenter Study
Using internet search data to explore the global public concerns in ankylosing spondylitis.

This study explored the changes of global public interest in internet search of ankylosing spondylitis (as) based on google trends (gt) data, in order to reflect the characteristics of as itself.Methods gt was used to obtain the search popularity scores of the term 'as' on a global scale, between january 2004 and december 2018, under the 'health' classification.Based on the global search data of as provided by gt, the cosinor analysis was used to test whether there was seasonality in as.Results in general, as related search volume demonstrated a decreasing trend from january 2004 to december 2014 and then remain stable from january 2015 to december 2018.No obvious seasonal variations were detected in as related search volume (amplitude=1.54; phase: month=3.9; low point: month=9.9; p>0.025), which peaked in april and bottomed out in october.The top 17 rising topics were adalimumab, spondylolisthesis, morbus, vladimir mikhailovich bekhterev, autoimmune disease, rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosis, hla- b27 positive, crohn's disease, rheumatology, spondylosis, arthritis, uveitis, rheumatism, sacroiliac, psoriatic arthritis and spondylitis.Conclusions globally, there is no significant seasonal variation in gt for as.The top fast-growing topics related to as may be beneficial for doctors to provide targeted health education of the disease to patients and their families.

Journal: Postgraduate medical journal (2021)
Publication types: Journal Article
An expectation maximization algorithm for high-dimensional model selection for the Ising model with misclassified states.

We propose the misclassified ising model: a framework for analyzing dependent binary data where the binary state is susceptible to error.We extend previous theoretical results of a model selection method based on applying the lasso to logistic regression at each node and show that the method will still correctly identify edges in the underlying graphical model under suitable misclassification settings.With knowledge of the misclassification process, an expectation maximization algorithm is developed that accounts for misclassification during model selection.We illustrate the increase of performance of the proposed expectation maximization algorithm with simulated data, and using data from a functional magnetic resonance imaging analysis.

Journal: Journal of applied statistics (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article