syedzayyan/paper_mill_benchmark huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Non-Invasive Measurements of Oxygen Saturation and Heart Rate with an Apple Smartwatch: Comparison with a Standard Pulse Oximeter.

The most commonly used method to assess peripheral oxygen saturation (sp o2) in clinical practice is pulse oximetry.The smartwatch apple watch 6 was developed with a new sensor and an app that allows taking on-demand readings of blood oxygen and background readings, day and night.The present study aimed to assess the feasibility and agreement of the apple watch 6 compared with a standard sp o2 monitoring system to assess normal and pathological oxygen saturation.We recruited study participants with lung disease or cardiovascular disease and healthy subjects.A total of 265 subjects were screened for enrolment in this study.We observed a strong positive correlation between the smartwatch and the standard commercial device in the evaluation of sp o2 measurements (r = 0.89, p < 0.0001) and hr measurements (r = 0.98, p < 0.0001).A very good concordance was found between sp o2 (bias, −0.2289; sd, 1.66; lower limit, −3.49; and upper limit, 3.04) and hr (bias, −0.1052; sd, 2.93; lower limit, −5.84; and upper limit, 5.63) measured by the smartwatch in comparison with the standard commercial device using bland−altman analysis.We observed similar agreements and concordance even in the different subgroups.In conclusion, our study demonstrates that the wearable device used in the present study could be used to assess sp o2 in patients with cardiovascular or lung diseases and in healthy subjects.

Journal: Journal of clinical medicine (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
Gallic Acid Attenuated LPS-Induced Neuroinflammation: Protein Aggregation and Necroptosis.

Gallic acid (3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid, ga), a phenolic acid, is ubiquitous in almost all parts of the plant.In the present study, a neuroinflammatory rat model using intranigral infusion of lipopolysaccharides (lps, 4 μg/μl) was employed to study the neuroprotective effect of ga which was orally administered daily.Compared with the vehicle-treated rats, systemic administration of ga (100 mg/kg) significantly attenuated lps-induced increases in glial fibrillary acidic protein (a biomarker of activated astrocytes) and ed-1 (a biomarker of activated microglia), as well as inducible nitric oxide synthase (i nos, a proinflammatory enzyme) and interleukin-1β (a proinflammatory cytokine), in the lps-infused substantia nigra (sn) of rat brain.At the same time, ga attenuated lps-induced elevation in heme oxygenase-1 level (a redox-regulated protein) and α-synuclein aggregation (a hallmark of cns neurodegeneration), suggesting that ga is capable of inhibiting lps-induced oxidative stress and protein conjugation.Furthermore, ga prevented lps-induced caspase 3 activation (a biomarker of programmed cell death) and lps-induced increases in receptor-interacting protein kinase (ripk)-1 and ripk-3 levels (biomarkers of necroptosis), indicating that ga inhibited lps-induced apoptosis and necroptosis in the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system of rat brain.Moreover, an in vitro study was employed to investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of ga on bv2 microglial cells which were subjected to lps (1 μg/m l) treatment.Consistently, co-incubation of ga diminished lps-induced increases in i nos m rna and i nos protein expression in the treated bv-2 cells as well as no production in the culture medium.The anti-oxidative activity of ga was evaluated using iron-induced lipid peroxidation of brain homogenates.After 3-h incubation at 37 °c, ga was more potent than glutathione and less potent than trolox in inhibiting iron-induced lipid peroxidation.Conclusively, the present study suggests that ga is anti-inflammatory via attenuating lps-induced neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and protein conjugation.Furthermore, ga prevented lps-induced programmed cell deaths of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons of the rat brain, suggesting that ga may be neuroprotective by attenuating neuroinflammation in cns neurodegenerative diseases.

Journal: Molecular neurobiology (2020)
Publication types: Journal Article
The "Light Knife" for Gastric Cancer: Photodynamic Therapy.

Photodynamic therapy (pdt) has been used clinically to treat cancer for more than 40 years.Some solid tumors, including esophageal cancer, lung cancer, head and neck cancer, cholangiocarcinoma, and bladder cancer, have been approved for and managed with pdt in many countries globally.Notably, pdt for gastric cancer (gc) has been reported less and is not currently included in the clinical diagnosis and treatment guidelines.However, pdt is a potential new therapeutic modality used for the management of gc, and its outcomes and realization are more and more encouraging.Pdt has a pernicious effect on tumors at the irradiation site and can play a role in rapid tumor shrinkage when gc is combined with cardiac and pyloric obstruction.Furthermore, because of its ability to activate the immune system, it still has a specific effect on systemic metastatic lesions, and the adverse reactions are mild.In this review, we provide an overview of the current application progress of pdt for gc; systematically elaborate on its principle, mechanism, and the application of a new photosensitizer in gc; and focus on the efficacy of pdt in gc and the prospect of combined use with other therapeutic methods to provide a theoretical basis for clinical application.

Journal: Pharmaceutics (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article;Review
Analysis of microsatellite markers in a Cuban water buffalo breed.

The aim of this regional research communication was to validate a panel of 30 microsatellite markers recommended by fao/isag for studies of biodiversity in cattle to improve the characterisation of cuban buffalo populations.The water buffalo (bubalus bubalis) is an economically important livestock species.Therefore, research focused on the study of the genetic relationships among water buffalo populations is useful to support conservation decisions and to design breeding schemes.Twenty-eight of the 30 tested regions were amplified, one of which (eth10) turned out to be monomorphic.A total of 143 alleles were observed in the cuban water buffalo population.The average number of alleles per locus was 5·04.The number of alleles per polymorphic locus ranged from two (inra 63 and mm12) to nine (eth185).The observed and expected heterozygosity ranged from 0·108 (haut24) to 0·851 (cssm66) and 0·104 (mm12) to 0·829(inra32), respectively.The polymorphic information content (pic) ranged from 0·097 (mm12) to 0·806 (inra32), and the overall value for these markers was 0·482.Within the population, inbreeding estimates (f is) was positive in 14 of the 30 loci analysed.This study thus highlights the usefulness of heterologous bovine microsatellite markers to assess the genetic variability in cuban water buffalo breeds.Furthermore, the results can be utilised for future breeding strategies and conservation.

Journal: The Journal of dairy research (2017)
Publication types: Journal Article
Development of a Fundus Image-Based Deep Learning Diagnostic Tool for Various Retinal Diseases.

Artificial intelligence (ai)-based diagnostic tools have been accepted in ophthalmology.The use of retinal images, such as fundus photographs, is a promising approach for the development of ai-based diagnostic platforms.Retinal pathologies usually occur in a broad spectrum of eye diseases, including neovascular or dry age-related macular degeneration, epiretinal membrane, rhegmatogenous retinal detachment, retinitis pigmentosa, macular hole, retinal vein occlusions, and diabetic retinopathy.Here, we report a fundus image-based ai model for differential diagnosis of retinal diseases.We classified retinal images with three convolutional neural network models: res net50, vgg19, and inception v3.Furthermore, the performance of several dense (fully connected) layers was compared.The prediction accuracy for diagnosis of nine classes of eight retinal diseases and normal control was 87.42% in the res net50 model, which added a dense layer with 128 nodes.Furthermore, our ai tool augments ophthalmologist's performance in the diagnosis of retinal disease.These results suggested that the fundus image-based ai tool is applicable for the medical diagnosis process of retinal diseases.

Journal: Journal of personalized medicine (2021)
Publication types: Journal Article
Clinical efficacy of Japanese herbal medicine daikenchuto in the management of fecal incontinence: A single-center, observational study.

S the purpose of this study was to investigate whether the symptoms of fecal incontinence (fi) or anal sphincter dysfunction are improved by daikenchuto (dkt).Methods this is a retrospective observational study that analyzes the effects of dkt.The study was conducted at kunimoto hospital.Patients who visited the hospital from january 2012 to december 2016 due to symptoms of fi with a certain degree of chronic constipation and who took dkt were enrolled.The drug to be evaluated was "tsumura daikenchuto extract granules for ethical use (tj-100)" manufactured by tsumura & co., tokyo, japan.The primary outcome measures were changes in the scores of the cleveland clinic incontinence score (ccis) and constipation scoring system (css) before and after the administration of dkt.Results a total of 157 patients were enrolled.On the ccis, "leakage of solid stool," "leakage of liquid stool," "pad use," and "total score" were significantly improved.On the contrary, on the css, the score of "type of assistance" was significantly improved after the administration of dkt, but no significant difference was found in the total score.On the bristol stool form scale, the administration of dkt showed a tendency to normalize stool consistency.Maximum resting anal pressure and maximum squeeze anal pressure significantly increased after the administration of dkt.No side effects caused by dkt were observed during the study.Conclusions dkt appears to be a safe and useful agent for the management of fi in patients with defecation disorders and internal anal sphincter dysfunction.

Journal: Journal of the anus, rectum and colon (2019)
Publication types: Journal Article
Proposing a Unified Framework for Coordinated Community Response.

The csw65 agreed conclusions call for a multisectoral coordinated response to all forms of violence against women.The term coordinated community response (ccr) is commonly used in various models of such a response.However, the term itself has different meanings to various actors in the sector, and therefore it is difficult to evaluate its success with any degree of certainty.This article seeks to (i) propose a broader unified framework for thinking about the term; (ii) remove any underlying assumptions of its positive or negative connotations; and (iii) revisit the term from a theoretical standpoint.The goal of this effort is to (a) guide policy, programming, and advocacy efforts across different sectors that respond to vaw; (b) provide clarity to practitioners in the implementation of a ccr; and (c) make its effectiveness measurable in different contexts.

Journal: Violence against women (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
Fasting renders immunotherapy effective against low-immunogenic breast cancer while reducing side effects.

Immunotherapy is improving the prognosis and survival of cancer patients, but despite encouraging outcomes in different cancers, the majority of tumors are resistant to it, and the immunotherapy combinations are often accompanied by severe side effects.Here, we show that a periodic fasting-mimicking diet (fmd) can act on the tumor microenvironment and increase the efficacy of immunotherapy (anti-pd-l1 and anti-ox40) against the poorly immunogenic triple-negative breast tumors (tnbcs) by expanding early exhausted effector t cells, switching the cancer metabolism from glycolytic to respiratory, and reducing collagen deposition.Furthermore, fmd reduces the occurrence of immune-related adverse events (ir aes) by preventing the hyperactivation of the immune response.These results indicate that fmd cycles have the potential to enhance the efficacy of anti-cancer immune responses, expand the portion of tumors sensitive to immunotherapy, and reduce its side effects.

Journal: Cell reports (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Is there a role for diet monotherapy in adult epilepsy?

Ten adults were treated with ketogenic diet monotherapy for epilepsy.Four patients were naïve to antiseizure drugs (asds), and six previously tried and stopped asds.Of four treatment-naïve participants, two (50%) were free from disabling seizures on modified atkins diet (mad) monotherapy for > 1 year.Two (50%) stopped.Four of six patients (67%) who had previously tried asds became seizure-free on diet monotherapy, and two experienced > 50% seizure reduction.Side effects included amenorrhea, weight loss, osteoporosis, and hyperlipidemia.Diet monotherapy may be feasible, well-tolerated, and effective for adults with epilepsy who refuse pharmacotherapy and those for whom lifelong diet therapy is recommended.

Journal: Epilepsy & behavior case reports (2017)
Publication types: Case Reports;Journal Article
Metabolomics reveals primary response of wheat (Triticum aestivum) to irrigation with oilfield produced water.

The reuse of oilfield produced water (pw) for agricultural irrigation has received increased attention for utility in drought-stricken regions.It was recently demonstrated that pw irrigation can affect physiological processes in food crops.However, metabolomic evaluations are important to further discern specific mechanisms of how pw may contribute as a plant-environmental stressor.Herein, the primary metabolic responses of wheat irrigated with pw and matching salinity controls were investigated.Non-targeted gas chromatography mass spectrometry (gc-ms) metabolomics was combined with multivariate analysis and revealed that pw irrigation altered the primary metabolic profiles of both wheat leaf and grain.Over 600 compounds (183 annotated metabolites) were detected that varied between controls (salinity control and tap water) and pw irrigated plants.While some of these changed metabolites are related to salinity stress, over half were found to be unique to pw.The primary metabolites exhibiting changes in abundance in leaf and grain tissues were amines/amino acids, organic acids, and saccharides.Metabolite pathway analysis revealed that amino acid metabolism, sugar metabolism, and nitrogen remobilization are all impacted by pw irrigation, independent of regular plant responses to salinity stress.These data, when combined with prior physiological studies, support a multi-faceted, physio-metabolic response of wheat to the unique stressor imposed by irrigation with pw.

Journal: Environmental research (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Examination of VOC Concentration of Aroma Essential Oils and Their Major VOCs Diffused in Room Air.

This study analyzed temporal variation of the composition of volatile organic compounds (vocs) at different diffusion time of gaseous phase of aroma compounds of four essential oils, lavender, tea tree, eucalyptus, and melissa.Gc/ms methodology with the trace gas sampling by a thermal desorption tube is used to quantitatively determine the concentration of the corresponding 14 kinds of major and original vocs in four essential oils.This study revealed for the first time that the concentration level of gaseous phase composition is varied, with a diffusion time from that of the liquid phase at equilibrium with it and the vocs in the essential oils are classified into two groups, depending on whether their concentration with the time.It is verified that the total concentration of vocs of these essential oils in the room air diffused by the ultrasonic diffuser is as low as 0.6 ppb and decreased soon below 0.1 ppb.

Journal: International journal of environmental research and public health (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
Wastewater treatment plants act as essential sources of microplastic formation in aquatic environments: A critical review.

According to extensive in situ investigations, the microplastics (mps) determined in current wastewater treatment plants (wwtps) are mostly aged, with roughened surfaces and varied types of oxygen-containing functional groups (i.e., carbonyl and hydroxyl).However, the formation mechanism of aged mps in wwtps is still unclear.This paper systematically reviewed mp fragmentation and generation mechanisms in wwtps at different treatment stages.The results highlight that mps are prone to undergo physical abrasion, biofouling, and chemical oxidation-associated weathering in wwtps at different treatment stages and can be further decomposed into smaller secondary mps, including in nanoplastics (less than 1000 nm or 100 nm in size), suggesting that wwtps can act as a formation source for mps in aquatic environments.Sand associated mechanical crashes in the primary stage, microbes in active sewage sludge-related biodegradation in the secondary stage, and oxidant-relevant chemical oxidation processes (light photons, cl2, and o3) in the tertiary stage are the dominant causes of mp formation in wwtps.For mp formation mechanisms in wwtps, external environmental forces (shear and stress forces, uv radiation, and biodegradation) can first induce plastic chain scission, destroy the plastic molecular arrangement, and create abundant pores and cracks on the mp surface.Then, the physicochemical properties (modulus of elasticity, tensile strength and elongation at break) of mps shift consequently and finally breakdown into smaller secondary mps or nanoscale plastics.Overall, this review provides new insights to better understand the formation mechanism, occurrence, fate, and adverse effects of aged microplastics/nanoplastics in current wwtps.

Journal: Water research (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article;Review
Immune-responsive gene 1 protects against liver injury caused by concanavalin A via the activation Nrf2/HO-1 pathway and inhibition of ROS activation pathways.

Itaconate is produced by an enzyme encoded by the immune-responsive gene 1 (irg1) and exerts antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects via multiple mechanisms.However, the role of irg1/itaconate in liver injury caused by concanavalin a (con a) is not fully understood.In this study, we explored the therapeutic effect of irg1/four-octyl itaconate (4-oi), a derivative of itaconate, on liver injury caused by con a and its possible underlying mechanisms.In vivo experiments, we found that con a promoted irg1 expression in the liver tissue.Deletion of irg1 in mice aggravated con a-induced liver injury.Compared to wild-type (wt) mice, the inflammatory response, hepatocyte apoptosis, and serum cytokine levels were significantly increased, while the antioxidant capacity was significantly attenuated in irg1-/-mice.In addition, we found that con a promoted the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 inflammasome, caspase-1, and gasdermin d activation, and pyroptosis was more obvious in irg1-/-mice, while 4-oi inhibited pyroptosis.In vivo experiments showed that con a promoted hepatocyte apoptosis by promoting reactive oxygen species (ros) expression, and 4-oi reduced ros-mediate apoptosis in nctc 1469 cells.In raw264.7 cells, we demonstrated that 4-oi inhibited the inflammatory response by promoting the nuclear factor erythroid 2 [nf-e2]-related factor 2 (nrf2)/heme oxygenase-1 (ho-1) pathway and inhibiting the nuclear factor-kappa b (nf-κb)/mitogen-activated protein kinases signaling pathway.To further confirm that nrf2 is the target of itaconate, we pretreated wt mice with ml385, an nrf2 inhibitor, and found that ml385 could weaken the protection of 4-oi in con a-induced liver injury mouse model.Furthermore, when we knocked down the nrf2 gene in nctc 1469 and raw264.7 cells, the effect of 4-oi in inhibiting inflammation and apoptosis also decreased.In conclusion, our study shows the importance of irg1 in inflammation and oxidative stress, and suggests that it plays a vital protective role in con a-induced liver injury.These findings indicate irg1/itaconate is a potential therapeutic strategy for immune liver injury, which requires further clinical exploration.

Journal: Free radical biology & medicine (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Geographic variation and trends in opioid-involved crash deaths in Maryland: 2006-2017.

The objective of this study was to describe trends in the prevalence of opioids in driver fatalities and examine geographic variation in opioid-involved crashes at a county level.Using comprehensive toxicological data from the office of the chief medical examiner in maryland, we examined the prevalence of opioids in all motor vehicle crash fatalities in maryland between 2006-2017 and tested for trends to assess the statistical significance of changes in the prevalence of prescription opioids detected in these drivers over time.Opioid-involved crash deaths accounted for 10.0% of all driver deaths during the study period.The prevalence of opioids detected in fatally injured drivers increased from 8.3% in 2006 to 14.1% in 2017, (z = -1.9, p < .05).The trends in opioid deaths do not follow broader trends in motor vehicle crash deaths; opioid-involved crashes appear to be increasing while overall motor vehicle crashes appear to be decreasing over the same period.To determine if the increase in opioid-involved crash deaths was the result of changes in pain management related to injuries sustained from the crash, we analyzed a subgroup of cases where death occurred at the scene of the crash.Within this group, there was no statistically significant increase in opioid-involved crashes during the study period.Opioid prevalence was higher in middle aged, and white drivers, and in crashes occurring in rural counties.Geographic distribution of opioid-involved crash deaths reflect broader patterns of opioid deaths overdose across the state.Irrespective of the timing of the deaths, of the drivers testing positive for opioids, 28% had elevated blood alcohol concentrations (‡ 0.01 g/d l), and 45% tested positive for other drugs.

Journal: Accident; analysis and prevention (2019)
Publication types: Journal Article
The Relationships Between Glycated Hemoglobin and Bone Turnover Markers in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes but No Diabetic Nephropathy.

To investigate the relationships between glycated hemoglobin (hb a1c) level and bone turnover markers (btms) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (t2dm) but no diabetic nephropathy.Patients and methods patients with t2dm were recruited at hebei general hospital in china.The participants were allocated to three groups: an hb a1c <7% group, an hb a1c 7%-9% group, and an hb a1c ≥9% group.Their general characteristics, biochemical indices, and btm concentrations were recorded.Results the ages of the hb a1c <7% group and the hb a1c 7%-9% group were significantly higher than that of the hb a1c ≥9% group (p<0.05).The prevalence of a history of hypertension in the hb a1c 7%-9% group was significantly higher than that in the hb a1c ≥9% group.The circulating low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol concentration in the hb a1c ≥9% group and the apolipoprotein b concentration in the hb a1c 7%-9% group were significantly higher than those in the hb a1c <7% group (p<0.05).Compared with that in the hb a1c <7% group, the circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin d (25ohd) concentration was significantly lower in the hb a1c ≥9% group (p<0.05).Additionally, the circulating 25ohd and osteocalcin (oc) concentrations negatively correlated with hb a1c (p<0.05).Conclusion an increase in hb a1c is associated with gradual decreases in the circulating concentrations of 25ohd and oc.

Journal: International journal of general medicine (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article