syedzayyan/paper_mill_benchmark huggingface dataset:
The Melbourne epidemic thunderstorm asthma event 2016: a 5-year longitudinal study.

In 2016, melbourne was struck by the world's largest and most devastating epidemic thunderstorm asthma (etsa) episode.While affected individuals displayed worsened short-term asthma control, little is known about their longer-term natural history, nor about interventions that restore control.Objective we assessed the asthma symptomatology and related behaviours of etsa-affected individuals through a single-centre prospective 5-year longitudinal study.We embedded an open-label observational trial investigating the role of grass pollen sublingual tablet (oralair) allergen immunotherapy in improving asthma and allergic rhinitis symptoms.Methods allergic rhinitis symptom severity, frequency of asthma symptoms and inhaled corticosteroid usage were assessed via questionnaire yearly.In 2018, a subgroup of participants was enrolled in an observational study of oralair treatment compared to control.The active group received oralair from 2019 to 2021; both groups were followed-up for 5 years.Subgroup analyses were performed for participants with complete datasets, and who completed the trial per-protocol.Results year-on-year data across 5 years was available for 30 participants.The rate of persistent asthma symptoms declined from 37% to 7% in 2016 to 2021.Only 10%-27% of participants reported being completely asymptomatic in any given year.The inhaled preventer prescription rate was 67%, with only 35% being adherent.Twenty-seven participants with available data completed the oralair trial per-protocol.No significant difference was noted between control and active groups for allergic rhinitis symptoms or asthma control, although the oralair group saw a significant improvement in asthma control comparing 2019 with 2021.Conclusion this is the longest documented follow-up of etsa-affected individuals.Five years following sentinel event, there was progressive reduction but some persistence in asthma symptoms.Oralair allergen immunotherapy did not further improve allergic rhinitis or asthma symptoms compared to control, but there were no further etsa events to test a protective effect during the study period.

Journal: Asia Pacific allergy (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
Evidence of shifting racial biases?

Racial biases are not fixed; they shift over time as cultural narratives about various social groups shift.Such shifts are usually triggered by catalytic events such as the murder of george floyd.Dang et al.(2022) potentially document such a shift in brain responses to african americans experiencing police violence; participants engage brain mechanisms involved in mentalising more when witnessing such atrocities, evidence of a lack of dehumanisation.This commentary urges caution towards such interpretations of these findings and encourages future research to better understanding shifting racial biases over time.

Journal: NeuroImage (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article;Comment
Complexity of the eukaryotic dolichol-linked oligosaccharide scramblase suggested by activity correlation profiling mass spectrometry.

The oligosaccharide required for asparagine (n)-linked glycosylation of proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (er) is donated by the glycolipid glc3man9glc nac2-pp-dolichol.Remarkably, whereas glycosylation occurs in the er lumen, the initial steps of glc3man9glc nac2-pp-dolichol synthesis generate the lipid intermediate man5glc nac2-pp-dolichol (m5-dlo) on the cytoplasmic side of the er.Glycolipid assembly is completed only after m5-dlo is translocated to the luminal side.The membrane protein (m5-dlo scramblase) that mediates m5-dlo translocation across the er membrane has not been identified, despite its importance for n-glycosylation.Building on our ability to recapitulate scramblase activity in proteoliposomes reconstituted with a crude mixture of er membrane proteins, we developed a mass spectrometry-based 'activity correlation profiling' approach to identify scramblase candidates in the yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae.Data curation prioritized six polytopic er membrane proteins as scramblase candidates, but reconstitution-based assays and gene disruption in the protist trypanosoma brucei revealed, unexpectedly, that none of these proteins is necessary for m5-dlo scramblase activity.Our results instead strongly suggest that m5-dlo scramblase activity is due to a protein, or protein complex, whose activity is regulated at the level of quaternary structure.

Journal: Scientific reports (2021)
Publication types: Journal Article;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MEDI: Macronutrient Extraction and Determination from invertebrates, a rapid, cheap and streamlined protocol.

Macronutrients, comprising carbohydrates, proteins and lipids, underpin many ecological processes, but their quantification in ecological studies is often inaccurate and laborious, requiring large investments of time and bulk samples, which make individual-level studies impossible.This study presents macronutrient extraction and determination from invertebrates (medi), a protocol for the direct, rapid and relatively low-cost determination of macronutrient content from single small macroinvertebrates.macronutrients were extracted by a sequential process of soaking in 1:12 chloroform:methanol solution to remove lipid and then solubilising tissue in 0.1 m na oh.Proteins, carbohydrates and lipids were determined by colorimetric assays from the same individual specimens.the limits of detection of medi with the equipment and conditions used were 0.067, 0.065 and 0.006 mg/ml for proteins, carbohydrates and lipids respectively.Adjusting the volume of reagents used for extraction and determination can broaden the range of concentrations that can be detected.Medi successfully identified taxonomic differences in macronutrient content between five insect species.macronutrient extraction and determination from invertebrates can directly and rapidly determine macronutrient content in tiny (dry mass ~3 mg) and much larger individual invertebrates.Using medi, the total macronutrient content of over 50 macroinvertebrates can be determined within around 3 days of collection at a cost of ~$1.35 per sample.

Journal: Methods in ecology and evolution (2021)
Publication types: Journal Article
Cardiotoxicity and Chemotherapy-The Role of Precision Medicine.

Cancer and cardiovascular disease are the leading causes of death in the united kingdom.Many systemic anticancer treatments are associated with short- and long-term cardiotoxicity.With improving cancer survival and an ageing population, identifying those patients at the greatest risk of cardiotoxicity from their cancer treatment is becoming a research priority and has led to a new subspecialty: cardio-oncology.In this concise review article, we discuss cardiotoxicity and systemic anticancer therapy, with a focus on chemotherapy.We also discuss the challenge of identifying those at risk and the role of precision medicine as we strive for a personalised approach to this clinical scenario.

Journal: Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) (2021)
Publication types: Journal Article;Review
Hospitalization of Children Aged <5 Years Due to Influenza: Study Based on the National Hospitalization Registry

Influenza constitutes a significant health care burden that can be related to an increased morbidity and mortality.The aim of the study is to show up-to-date information on influenza hospitalization cases in poland in children aged <5 years.Methods: the data used in the study were hospitalization records from 2015−2019, which had been gathered in a nationwide general hospital morbidity study and made available by the national institute of public health.Results: 8565 records of patients with influenza were subject to analysis.The mean and median age of the patients were 2.2 and 2.1 years, respectively.Influenza hospitalization incidence was estimated at 90 per 100,000 person-years (py) in children aged <5 years.The number of hospitalization cases was significantly higher in patients living in urban regions than in those living in rural regions (97 vs.77 per 100,000 py; p < 0.001).The age of patients living in urban regions was significantly lower than the age of patients living in rural regions (2.2 vs.2.3 years; p < 0.001).A statistically significant increase in hospitalization was observed.Conclusions: the reported increasing trend in hospitalizations indicates the need to take focused measures.Presented data may be useful in comparative analyses in a european context.

Journal: Children (Basel, Switzerland) (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
Cultural Issues Related to ICD-11 Mental, Behavioural and Neurodevelopmental Disorders.

The challenge of producing a classificatory system that is truly representative of different regions and cultural variations is difficult.This can be conceptualized as an ongoing process, achievable by constant commitment in this regard from various stakeholders over successive generations of the classificatory systems.The objective of this article is to conduct a qualitative review of the process and outcome of the efforts that resulted in the icd-11 classification of mental, behavioural and neurodevelopmental disorders becoming a global classification.The icd-11 represents an important, albeit iterative, advance in the classification of mental, behavioural and neurodevelopmental disorders.Significant changes have been incorporated in this regard, such as the introduction of new, culturally-relevant categories, modifications of the diagnostic guidelines, based on culturally informed data and the incorporation of culture-related features for specific disorders.Notwithstanding, there are still certain significant shortcomings and areas for further improvement and research.Some of the key limitations of icd-11 relate to the paucity of research on the role of culture in the pathogenesis of illnesses.To ensure a classificatory system that is fair, reliable and culturally useful, there is a need to generate empirical evidence on diversity in the form of illnesses, as well as mechanisms that explain these in all the regions of the world.In this review, we try to delineate the various cultural challenges and their influences in the formulation of icd-11, along with potential shortcomings and areas in need of more improvement and research in this regard.

Journal: Consortium psychiatricum (2021)
Publication types: Journal Article;Review
Recent Progress in Iron-Based Microwave Absorbing Composites: A Review and Prospective.

With the rapid development of communication technology in civil and military fields, the problem of electromagnetic radiation pollution caused by the electromagnetic wave becomes particularly prominent and brings great harm.It is urgent to explore efficient electromagnetic wave absorption materials to solve the problem of electromagnetic radiation pollution.Therefore, various absorbing materials have developed rapidly.Among them, iron (fe) magnetic absorbent particle material with superior magnetic properties, high snoek's cut-off frequency, saturation magnetization and curie temperature, which shows excellent electromagnetic wave loss ability, are kinds of promising absorbing material.However, ferromagnetic particles have the disadvantages of poor impedance matching, easy oxidation, high density, and strong skin effect.In general, the two strategies of morphological structure design and multi-component material composite are utilized to improve the microwave absorption performance of fe-based magnetic absorbent.Therefore, fe-based microwave absorbing materials have been widely studied in microwave absorption.In this review, through the summary of the reports on fe-based electromagnetic absorbing materials in recent years, the research progress of fe-based absorbing materials is reviewed, and the preparation methods, absorbing properties and absorbing mechanisms of iron-based absorbing materials are discussed in detail from the aspects of different morphologies of fe and fe-based composite absorbers.Meanwhile, the future development direction of fe-based absorbing materials is also prospected, providing a reference for the research and development of efficient electromagnetic wave absorbing materials with strong absorption performance, frequency bandwidth, light weight and thin thickness.

Journal: Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article;Review
Two-fluid kinetic theory for dilute polymer solutions.

We provide a boltzmann-type kinetic description for dilute polymer solutions based on two-fluid theory.This boltzmann-type description uses a quasiequilibrium based relaxation mechanism to model collisions between a polymer dumbbell and a solvent molecule.The model reproduces the desired macroscopic equations for the polymer-solvent mixture.The proposed kinetic scheme leads to a numerical algorithm which is along the lines of the lattice boltzmann method.Finally, the algorithm is applied to describe the evolution of a perturbed kolmogorov flow profile, whereby we recover the major elastic effect exhibited by a polymer solution, specifically, the suppression of the original inertial instability.

Journal: Physical review. E (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
The generator site in acquired autoimmune neuromyotonia.

To investigate the origin of ectopic activity in neuromyotonia (nmt).Methods we studied two patients.In addition to routine studies, we tested synchronicity of spontaneous discharges in different motor units in simultaneous recordings made with two needle electrodes in the first dorsal interosseus muscle.Time-locked fasciculations in these double recordings would represent abnormal ectopic activity initiated in a nerve trunk with ephaptic stimulation of a nearby axon.In patient 1, this research protocol was applied once, 15years after regular intravenous immunoglobulin (iv ig) treatment.Patient 2 was investigated before and 1year after iv ig.Results both patients improved after ivig, mirrored by a striking decrease in the amount of spontaneous activity on electromyography.Moreover, our technique did not detect synchronous spontaneous activity (time-locked fasciculations) on the second assessment, although this was predominant before treatment in patient 2.Conclusions in nmt, abnormal discharges originate both in distal axonal branches and in more proximal segments.It appears that iv ig is more effective in blocking antibody activity in proximal axonal segments, perhaps related to factors such as blood-nerve barrier, temperature or differing ion channel distributions.Significance treatment effects can shed light on the origin of abnormal activity in nmt.

Journal: Clinical neurophysiology : official journal of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology (2017)
Publication types: Case Reports;Journal Article
'The cure for us is a lot of things': How young people with Prader-Willi syndrome view themselves and future clinical trials.

Despite work on the self-identities of people with intellectual disabilities, research has yet to describe the self-perceptions of people with prader-willi syndrome (pws).The perspectives of those with pws are also important for rapidly evolving clinical trials aimed at treating symptoms of pws.Method twenty-one young people with pws were administered a semi-structured interview that assessed how they perceive their syndrome and clinical trials.Transcribed interviews were reliably coded using content-driven, applied thematic analyses.Results five themes emerged: struggles with chronic hunger and food-seeking that impede goals and relationships; struggles with anxiety and outbursts, schedule changes and school; distancing from pws; needs for clinical trials that cure pws, reduce hunger or anxiety, and lead to improved outcomes; and needs for advocacy and awareness of pws.Conclusions findings shed new light on the self-perceptions of those with pws and have important implications for current interventions and future clinical trials.

Journal: Journal of applied research in intellectual disabilities : JARID (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
Preferences for dental decisional control and associations with quality of life among third molar patients attending public dental services.

S to explore (1) the prevalence of dental decisional control preferences (ddcp) among third molar (tm) patients attending public dental services and associated individual's characteristics, and (2) the association between ddcp and quality of life (qo l).Method participants were adult public dental patients with internet access referred for tm consultation.Collected data included patients' socio-demographic variables, the control preferences scale (cps), the oral health impact profile (ohip-14) and the euro qol eq-5d-5l.Results participants (n=163) were mainly females (73.6%) with a mean age of 26.2 years (sd=8.3).Most participants preferred an active ddcp (n=71, 44.1%) or a collaborative ddcp (n=60, 37.3%) while a minority preferred a passive ddcp (n=30, 18.6%).Gender (p=.05) and education (p=.03) were associated with ddcp.In a multinomial logistic regression model for ddcp, females were more likely to have an active ddcp (or=2.73, p=.04) as were participants who had tertiary education (or=2.72, p=.04).In a linear regression model for ohip-14, active (p=.05) and collaborative ddcp (p=.04) were associated with less impact on oral health-related qo l.Conclusion patients attending public dental services preferred to be involved (either actively or collaboratively) in dental treatment decision-making.Being a female and/or having tertiary education were associated with an active ddcp.The positive association between patients' involvement in decision-making and oral health-related qo l might support the benefit for enhancing patients' involvement in decision-making.

Journal: Community dental health (2017)
Publication types: Journal Article
Switching Among Biosimilars: A Review of Clinical Evidence.

Biological medicines have improved patients' outcomes, but their high costs may limit access.Biosimilars, alternatives that have demonstrated high similarity in terms of quality, safety, and efficacy to an already licensed originator biological product, could increase competition and decrease prices.Given the expanding number of biosimilars, patients may switch from originator to biosimilar or among biosimilars.Randomized trials and observational studies conducted with multiple biosimilars over many disease areas confirmed the safety and efficacy of switching from originator to biosimilar.This study summarizes evidence on switching between biosimilars for which there are concerns to provide future guidance.A systematic search (medline, embase, and cochrane library) for studies on anti-tnf agents, assessing clinical efficacy and safety of biosimilar-to-biosimilar switch in chronic inflammatory diseases, was performed.We retrieved 320 records and included 19 clinical studies.One study with historical control compared switching between biosimilars to maintenance of the same biosimilar.Ten were controlled cohort studies comparing switching between two biosimilars vs.Switching from originator to a biosimilar or vs.Multiple switches.Eight were single-arm cohort studies, where participants switched from one biosimilar to another, and the outcomes were compared before and after the switch.Overall, these studies did not highlight significant concerns in switching between biosimilars.Therefore, switching studies seem difficult to perform and unnecessary with the body of evidence suggesting no real problems in practice coupled with stringent regulatory requirements.Monitoring the use of biosimilars in clinical practice could support clinical decision-making, rational use of biological medicines, and help to further realize possible savings.

Journal: Frontiers in pharmacology (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
Probing hole spin transport of disorder quantum dots via Pauli spin-blockade in standard silicon transistors.

Single hole transport and spin detection is achievable in standard p-type silicon transistors owing to the strong orbital quantization of disorder based quantum dots.Through the use of the well acting as a pseudo-gate, we discover the formation of a double-quantum dot system exhibiting pauli spin-blockade and investigate the magnetic field dependence of the leakage current.This enables attributes that are key to hole spin state control to be determined, where we calculate a tunnel couplingtcof 57μe v and a short spin-orbit lengthl soof 250 nm.The demonstrated strong spin-orbit interaction at the interface when using disorder based quantum dots supports electric-field mediated control.These results provide further motivation that a readily scalable platform such as industry standard silicon technology can be used to investigate interactions which are useful for quantum information processing.

Journal: Nanotechnology (2021)
Publication types: Journal Article
Comparative Analysis of a New Hybrid EDOF-Multifocal Diffractive Intraocular Lens with a Trifocal Diffractive Intraocular Lens.

To compare visual acuity, defocus curve and visual quality of life performances of a new hybrid refractive-diffractive intraocular lens (iol) and a trifocal diffractive iol.Methods patients who underwent cataract surgery with bilateral implantation of zfr00v or tfnt00 iols were enrolled in this study.The main outcomes were defined as uncorrected distant, intermediate and near visual acuities (udva, uiva and unva, respectively), defocus curve and vf-14 questionnaire aimed for visual performance.Results fifty patients, of whom 30 had bilateral zfr00v implantation, were enrolled in the study.Patients with zfr00v had significantly better uiva than patients with tfnt00 (0.05 ± 0.03 vs.0.07 ± 0.04 log mar,p= 0.02).Defocus curve showed significantly higher visual acuity in intermediate range for zfr00v iol between -1.00 and -1.50 dioptres (all p< 0.05).All patients had good visual performance with mean vf-14 scores above 3 points with no significant difference between two iol models.Spectacle independence was 100% for both distant and near vision in both group of patients.Conclusion bilateral implantation of zfr00v in cataract patients shows better intermediate visual acuity scores and similar daily visual performance when compared with trifocal tfnt00 iol.

Journal: European journal of ophthalmology (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article