syedzayyan/paper_mill_benchmark huggingface dataset:
Resilient Event-Triggered Distributed State Estimation for Nonlinear Systems Against DoS Attacks.

This article investigates the resilient event-triggered (et) distributed state estimation problem for nonlinear systems under denial-of-service (do s) attacks.Different from the existing results mainly considering linear or specified nonlinear systems, more general nonlinear systems are considered in this study.Moreover, the considered do s attacks are able to compromise different communication links among estimators independently.In this context, by resorting to the techniques of incremental homogeneity, a nonlinear et distributed estimation scheme is designed to estimate the states and regulate the data transmission.Under this scheme, the resilient state estimation is achieved by employing a multimode switching estimator, and the problem of efficiency loss of the et mechanism caused by do s attacks is solved by designing a dynamic trigger threshold with switched update laws.Then, based on the decay rates of the lyapunov function corresponding to different communication modes, sufficient conditions are given to guarantee the stability of the estimation error system under do s attacks.Finally, simulation results are provided to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Journal: IEEE transactions on cybernetics (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
Chronic granulomatous disease presenting at age 52 with fulminant mulch pneumonitis.

Chronic granulomatous disease should be considered in adults of any age in the presence of refractory and/or atypical or fulminant pulmonary infections.This case of new large deletions in ncf1was presented with mulch pneumonitis without a significant history of infections.

Journal: The journal of allergy and clinical immunology. Global (2022)
Publication types: Case Reports;Journal Article
Metabolic cost of flight and aerobic efficiency in the rose chafer, Protaetia cuprea (Cetoniinae).

Rose chafer beetles (protetia cuprea) are pollinators as well as agricultural pests, flying between flowers and trees while foraging for pollen and fruits.Calculating the energy they expend on flying during foraging activity faces the challenge of measuring the metabolic rate (mr) of free-flying insects in an open space.We overcame this challenge by using the bolus injection of13c na-bicarbonate technique to measure their metabolic energy expenditure while flying in a large flight arena.Concurrently, we tracked the insects with high-speed cameras to extract their flight trajectory, from which we calculated the mechanical power invested in flying for each flight bout.We found that the chemical (metabolic) energy input converted to mechanical flight energy output at a mean efficiency of 10.4% ± 5.2%, with a trend of increased efficiency in larger conspecifics (efficiency scaled with body mass to the power of 1.4).The transition in the summer from a diet of pollen to that of fruits may affect the energy budget available for foraging.Starved p.Cuprea, feeding on apples ad libitum, increased their body mass by an average of 6% in 2 h.According to our calculations, such a meal can power a 630-m flight (assuming a carbohydrate assimilation efficiency of 90%).Pollen, with a low water and carbohydrate content but rich in proteins and lipids, has a higher caloric content and should assimilate differently when converting food to flight fuel.The high cost of aerial locomotion is inherent to the foraging behavior of rose chafers, explaining their short flight bouts followed by prolonged feeding activity.

Journal: Insect science (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
A distribution-free procedure for testing versatile alternative in medical multisample comparison studies.

We propose a test for multisample comparison studies that can be applied without strict assumptions, especially when the underlying population distributions are far from normal.The new test can detect differences not only in location or scale but also in shape parameters among parent population distributions.We are motivated by numerous medical studies, where the variables are not normally distributed and may present in the various groups more complex differences than simple differences in a particular aspect of underlying distributions, such as location or scale.In these situations, traditional anova and kruskal-wallis tests are unreliable since the underlying assumptions are not valid.The proposed procedure also allows the researcher to determine which aspects are more responsible for a significant result.This is an important practical advantage over procedures that test for general differences among the distribution functions but cannot identify which aspects lead to significant results.The asymptotic distribution of the test statistic is analyzed along with its small sample behavior against several competing tests.The practical advantages of the proposed procedure are illustrated with a multisample comparison study of a biomarker for liver damage in patients with hepatitis c.

Journal: Statistics in medicine (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
Understanding the clinical implications of differences between glucose management indicator and glycated haemoglobin.

Laboratory measured glycated haemoglobin (hb a1c) is the gold standard for assessing glycaemic control in people with diabetes and correlates with their risk of long-term complications.The emergence of continuous glucose monitoring (cgm) has highlighted limitations of hb a1c testing.Hb a1c can only be reviewed infrequently and can mask the risk of hypoglycaemia or extreme glucose fluctuations.While cgm provides insights in to the risk of hypoglycaemia as well as daily fluctuations of glucose, it can also be used to calculate an estimated hb a1c that has been used as a substitute for laboratory hb a1c.However, it is evident that estimated hb a1c and hb a1c values can differ widely.The glucose management indicator (gmi), calculated exclusively from cgm data, has been proposed.It uses the same scale (% or mmol/mol) as hb a1c, but is based on short-term average glucose values, rather than long-term glucose exposure.Hb a1c and gmi values differ in up to 81% of individuals by more than ±0.1% and by more than ±0.3% in 51% of cases.Here, we review the factors that define these differences, such as the time period being assessed, the variation in glycation rates and factors such as anaemia and haemoglobinopathies.Recognizing and understanding the factors that cause differences between hb a1c and gmi is an important clinical skill.In circumstances when hb a1c is elevated above gmi, further attempts at intensification of therapy based solely on the hb a1c value may increase the risk of hypoglycaemia.The observed difference between gmi and hb a1c also informs the important question about the predictive ability of gmi regarding long-term complications.

Journal: Diabetes, obesity & metabolism (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't;Review
Follow the trail: Using insights from the growth of palliative care to propose a roadmap for cancer rehabilitation.

Despite research explicating the benefits of cancer rehabilitation interventions to optimize physical, social, emotional, and vocational functioning, many reports document low rates of referral to and uptake of rehabilitation in oncology.Cancer rehabilitation clinicians, researchers, and policy makers could learn from the multidisciplinary specialty of palliative care, which has benefited from a growth strategy and has garnered national recognition as an important and necessary aspect of oncology care.The purpose of this article is to explore the actions that have increased the uptake and integration of palliative care to yield insights and multimodal strategies for the development and growth of cancer rehabilitation.After examining the history of palliative care and its growth, the authors highlight 5 key strategies that may benefit the field of cancer rehabilitation: 1) stimulating the science in specific gap areas; 2) creating clinical practice guidelines; 3) building clinical capacity; 4) ascertaining and responding to public opinion; and 5) advocating for public policy change.Coordinated and simultaneous advances on these 5 strategies may catalyze the growth, utilization, and effectiveness of patient screening, timely referrals, and delivery of appropriate cancer rehabilitation care that reduces disability and improves quality of life for cancer survivors who need these services.

Journal: CA: a cancer journal for clinicians (2019)
Publication types: Journal Article;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
C-reactive protein isoforms as prognostic markers of COVID-19 severity.

C-reactive protein (crp), an active regulator of the innate immune system, has been related to covid-19 severity.Crp is a dynamic protein undergoing conformational changes upon activation in inflammatory microenvironments between pentameric and monomeric isoforms.Although pentameric crp is the circulating isoform routinely tested for clinical purposes, monomeric crp shows more proinflammatory properties.Therefore, we aimed to determine the potential of monomeric crp in serum as a biomarker of disease severity in covid-19 patients (admission to intensive care unit [icu] and/or in-hospital mortality).We retrospectively determined clinical and biological features as well as pentameric and monomeric crp levels in a cohort of 97 covid-19 patients within 72h of hospital admission.Patients with severe disease had higher levels of both pentameric and monomeric crp.However, multivariate analysis showed increased m crp but not p crp to be independently associated to disease severity.Notably, m crp levels higher than 4000 ng/m l (or: 4.551, 95% ci: 1.329-15.58), together with number of co-morbidities, low lymphocyte count, and procalcitonin levels were independent predictors of disease severity in the multivariate model.Our results show the potential of m crp levels as a marker of clinical severity in covid-19 disease.

Journal: Frontiers in immunology (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Association of insomnia phenotypes based on polysomnography-measured sleep duration with suicidal ideation and attempts.

To assess the association of insomnia phenotypes, being insomnia with short sleep duration (issd) and insomnia with normal sleep duration (insd), with suicidality in a randomly selected population-based sample.Methods data were analyzed from the penn state adult cohort.Participants (n = 1741, 52.5 years, 57.4% female) were randomly recruited from the general population between january 1990 through march 1999 and mortality data were available through december 2018.Insomnia symptoms were defined as self-reports of moderate-to-severe difficulties initiating or maintaining sleep, early morning awakening and non-restorative sleep, or having chronic insomnia (n = 719).Short sleep duration was defined as <6 hours of in-lab polysomnography-measured sleep duration (n = 879).Suicidality (sai; n = 102) was ascertained by a lifetime history of suicidal ideation (si; n = 84), suicide attempts (sa; n = 48) or death by suicide (dbs; n = 10).Results compared to normal sleepers who slept ≥6 hours, participants with issd and insd were associated with 1.72-fold and 2.22-fold increased odds of sai, respectively; these associations were significant for si, with 2.09-fold and 2.24-fold increased odds, respectively, but not for sa, after adjusting for physical and mental health comorbidities.Issd and insd differed in sai age of onset and hospitalizations after sa.Conclusions the results of this cohort study suggest that both insd and issd phenotypes are associated with increased suicidal ideation, while the insd phenotype has an earlier age of onset and is more likely to experience hospitalizations after attempting suicide.These results highlight the importance of targeting insomnia symptoms to help prevent suicide.

Journal: Sleep health (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article;Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Brain metastasis prognostic nomograms and brain metastasis velocity: a narrative review.

To provide a review of the current status of predictive nomograms and brain metastasis velocity (bmv) in the prognostication of brain metastasis outcomes.Background statistical analyses have been used for many years in an attempt to predict clinical outcomes of brain metastasis patients.Such models have attempted to predict such endpoints as survival and which patients would most benefit from stereotactic radiosurgery (srs) or whole brain radiotherapy (wbrt).Methods this narrative review includes documents the history of statistical models and nomograms through the stage migration of the brain metastasis population from a population with large symptomatic brain metastases to the modern population with small asymptomatic metastases found on surveillance imaging.It also tells the history of the derivation and validation of bmv, a recently identified biomarker for survival and neurologic death in the brain metastasis population treated with srs.Conclusions statistical models predicting brain metastasis behavior continue to evolve with the changing landscape of systemic therapy and the more aggressive use of srs.Previous models with ultimately need to integrate biologic data and will continue to be updated.

Journal: Chinese clinical oncology (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article;Review
Video colposcopy versus headlight for large loop excision of the transformation zone (LLETZ): a randomised trial.

To compare resected cone mass and resection margin status when performing large loop excision of the transformation zone (lletz) using video colposcopy (lletz-vc) versus a headlight (lletz-hl) in women with cervical dysplasia.Methods prospective, randomised trial (monocentric) at a specialised cervical dysplasia unit in a university hospital.Women with a biopsy-proven cin2 + or persisting cin1 or diagnostic lletz were recruited and randomised.Lletz was performed either under video colposcopic vision or using a standard surgical headlight.The primary endpoint was resected cone mass.Secondary endpoints were the rate of involved margins, fragmentation of the specimen, procedure time, time to complete haemostasis (tch), blood loss, pain, intra- and postoperative complications, and surgeon preference.Results lletz-vc and lletz-hl (109 women each) had comparable cone masses (1.57 [0.98-2.37] vs.1.67 [1.15-2.46] grams; p = 0.454).Tch was significantly shorter in the lletz-vc arm (60 [41-95.2] vs.90 [47.2-130.2] seconds; p = 0.008).There was no statistically significant difference in involved resection margins (6/87 [6.5%] vs.16/101 [13.7%], p = 0.068) and postoperative complications (13/82 [13.7%] vs.22/72 [23.4%], p = 0.085).Patient-reported outcomes favoured lletz-vc with a lower use of analgesics (6/80 [7.0%] vs.17/87 [16.3%]; p = 0.049).However, lletz-vc was more difficult to perform with significantly lower ratings for handling (7 [5-9] vs.9 [8-10]; p < 0.001) and general satisfaction (7.5 [5-9] vs.10 [8-10]; p < 0.001).Conclusion intraoperative video colposcopy for lletz has minimal benefits at the cost of surgeons' satisfaction.Clinical trial registration nct04326049 (clinical trials.gov).

Journal: Archives of gynecology and obstetrics (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article;Randomized Controlled Trial;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Own Pain Distress Mediates the Link Between the Lifestyle Facet of Psychopathy and Estimates of Pain Distress in Others.

Psychopathy is a multifaceted personality construct entailing interpersonal-affective disturbances, antisocial traits, and a tendency to lead an erratic lifestyle.Elevated levels of psychopathic traits have been linked to having an altered experience of pain, reduced responsivity to distress in others, and making poor moral choices that bring harm to others.In the context of moral decision-making, it is possible that the capacity to estimate the distress felt by others is linked to a limitation in the first-hand experience of distress, as the presence of psychopathic traits increases.We employed a model-based approach in a non-offender sample (n= 174) to investigate whether pain-related distress mediated the links between facets of psychopathy and estimates of the pain distress potentially experienced by others.Participants judged the permissibility of moral dilemmas and rated how much pain distress they would experience while making such judgements, as well as how much pain distress they believed the "victims" would feel as a result of the moral choice made by the participant.We found that ratings of own pain distress predicted beliefs about the distress others may experience, and elevated scores on the lifestyle facet of psychopathy uniquely predicted lower estimates of own pain distress.Furthermore, own pain distress mediated the relationship between the lifestyle facet and beliefs about others' distress.Finally, exploratory zero-order correlation analyses revealed that ratings of own pain distress decreased as the scores on multiple psychopathic traits increased.Only the lifestyle facet correlated in the negative direction with beliefs about others' distress.Taken together, our findings suggest that beliefs about how much pain distress others may experience is indeed mediated by own pain distress, and that the tendency to lead an erratic lifestyle is linked to alterations in this mechanism.

Journal: Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
Non-COVID-19 respiratory viral infection.

Implemented control measures brought about by the coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) pandemic have changed the prevalence of other respiratory viruses, often relegating them to a secondary plan.However, it must not be forgotten that a diverse group of viruses, including other human coronaviruses, rhinoviruses, respiratory syncytial virus, human metapneumoviruses, parainfluenza and influenza, continue to be responsible for a large burden of disease.In fact, they are among the most common causes of acute upper and lower respiratory tract infections globally.Viral respiratory infections can be categorised in several ways, including by clinical syndrome or aetiological agent.We describe their clinical spectrum.Distinctive imaging features, advances in microbiological diagnosis and treatment of severe forms are also discussed.Educational aims to summarise the knowledge on the spectrum of disease that respiratory viral infections can cause and recognise how often they overlap.to learn the most common causes of respiratory viral infections and acknowledge other less frequent agents that may target certain key populations (e.g.immunocompromised patients).to improve awareness of the recent advances in diagnostic methods, including molecular assays and helpful features in imaging techniques.to identify supportive care strategies pivotal in the management of severe respiratory viral infections.

Journal: Breathe (Sheffield, England) (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article;Review
A meta-analysis suggests the association of reduced serum level of vitamin D and T-allele of Fok1 (rs2228570) polymorphism in the vitamin D receptor gene with celiac disease.

As an immune-modulator, vitamin d is known to regulate immune response and is implicated in disease pathogenesis.Celiac disease (cd) is a systemic autoimmune disease and susceptibility conferred by vitamin d metabolism is under investigation.Studies on the association of vitamin d metabolism and genetic polymorphisms are expected to explain cd pathogenesis.We performed a systematic review-based meta-analysis to investigate the 25(oh)d serum levels and susceptibility conferred by the genetic variants of vdr in cd.Methods systematic review was conducted through a web-based literature search following stringent study inclusion-exclusion criteria.The newcastle-ottawa scale and grade tools were used to assess the quality of evidence in studies and the study outcome.Cohen's κ value was estimated to access the reviewer's agreement.Rev man 5.4.1 was used to perform the meta-analyses.Weighted mean difference and metap-value was assessed for 25(oh)d serum levels.Meta-odds ratio and z-testp-value were evaluated to estimate the allelic susceptibility of vdrvariants.Results a total of 8 out of 12 studies were evaluated for "25(oh)d" serum level, while four studies were found eligible for snps (bsm1, apa1, fok1, and taq1) of vdr.Significantly higher levels [wmd = 5.49,p< 0.00001] of 25(oh)d were observed in healthy controls than in patients with cd.Rs2228570-t (fok1) [meta-or = 1.52,p= 0.02] was confirmed to be predisposing allele for cd.Conclusion reduced serum level of 25(oh)d and association of fok1t-allele of vdrconfirmed in this study plays a critical role in immunomodulation and maintaining barrier integrity, which is majorly implicated in cd.

Journal: Frontiers in nutrition (2022)
Publication types: Systematic Review;Journal Article
Evaluating the Clinical Outcomes of Parotid Hemangiomas in the Pediatric Patient Population.

Introduction infantile hemangiomas (ihs) are the most common tumor of the parotid gland in children; however, there is no standard protocol for the treatment of ih.The generally accepted practice is to begin the patient on β-blocker therapy if there are no contraindications.Objective the purpose of this study is to better understand the challenges and successes of management of pediatric patients with parotid ih.Methods this retrospective study analyzed 15 patients diagnosed with parotid ih from 2009 to 2016 who were cared for at a tertiary care center.Demographic information, lesion characteristics, and treatment course were obtained through patient chart review.Results fifteen pediatric patients with parotid ih were evaluated.The female:male ratio was 4:1; the average age of diagnosis was 8.75 months.Most lesions were greater than 3 cm in their widest dimension (73.3%), and 13 patients underwent imaging to further clarify the parotid mass in their clinical workup.Fourteen patients began treatment with propranolol; 10 patients saw complete resolution of their ih (66.7%) and 3 had a partial response to β-blocker therapy (20%).After discontinuation of propranolol, 2 patients had regrowth 2 to 3 months later after regression and were restarted on therapy.The average duration of treatment was 9.9 ± 8.45 months.The known adverse effects of propranolol-hypoglycemia, hypotension, bradycardia, and bronchospasm-were not observed in any patient.Conclusion in the treatment of parotid ih, propranolol is the generally accepted first-line therapy, as compared to corticosteroid or interferon α injections of years past.Parotid hemangiomas, however, have a lower response rate to propranolol and a similar recurrence rate compared to ih at other sites.The treatment duration necessary tends to be longer.Future studies will aim at identifying and evaluating potential predictors of outcomes to help inform the management of parotid hemangiomas.

Journal: Ear, nose, & throat journal (2021)
Publication types: Evaluation Study;Journal Article