syedzayyan/paper_mill_benchmark huggingface dataset:
Participation in primary health care through community-level health committees in Sub-Saharan Africa: a qualitative synthesis.

Health committees are key mechanisms for enabling participation of community members in decision-making on matters related to their health.This paper aims to establish an in-depth understanding of how community members participate in primary health care through health committees in sub-saharan africa (ssa).Methods we searched peer-reviewed english articles published between 2010 and 2019 in medline, popline and cinahl databases.Articles were eligible if they involved health committees in ssa.Our search yielded 279 articles and 7 duplicates were removed.We further excluded 255 articles following a review of titles and abstracts by two authors.Seventeen abstracts were eligible for full text review.After reviewing the full-text, we further excluded two articles that did not explicitly describe the role of health committees in community participation.We therefore included 15 articles in this review.Two authors extracted data on how health committees contributed to community participation in ssa using a conceptual framework for assessing community participation in health.We derived our themes from five process indicators in this framework, namely, leadership, management and planning, resource mobilization from external sources, monitoring and evaluation and women involvement.Findings we found that health committees work well in voicing communities' concerns about the quality of care provided by health facility staff, day-to-day management of health facilities and mobilizing financial and non-financial resources for health activities and projects.Health committees held health workers accountable by monitoring absenteeism, quality of services and expenditures in health facilities.Health committees lacked legitimacy because selection procedures were often not transparent and participatory.Committee members were left out in planning and budgeting processes by health workers, who perceived them as insufficiently educated and trained to take part in planning.Most health committees were male-dominated, thus limiting participation by women.Conclusion health committees contribute to community participation through holding primary health workers accountable, voicing their communities' concern and mobilizing resources for health activities and projects.Decision makers, health managers and advocates need to fundamentally rethink how health committees are selected, empowered and supported to implement their roles and responsibilities.

Journal: BMC public health (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article;Review
Ventricular entry during surgical resection is associated with intracranial leptomeningeal dissemination in glioblastoma patients.

Glioblastoma (gbm) is associated with a poorer prognosis when leptomeningeal dissemination (lmd) occurs.Recently, the role of both ventricular entry (ve) during surgery and subventricular zone localization of tumors in promoting lmd in gbm patients has been debated.This article investigates the role of ve in causing lmd in gbm patients.Methods we conducted a retrospective analysis of gbms operated on at our institution between march 2018 and december 2020.We collected pre- and post-surgical images, anamnestic information, and surgical reports.Results two hundred cases were collected.The gbm localization was periventricular in 69.5% of cases, and there was a ve during the surgical procedure in 51% of cases.The risk of post-surgical lmd in the case of ve was 16%.The rate of lmd was higher in the case of ve than not-ve (27.4% vs.4%, p < 0.0001).The rate of lmd in periventricular gbm was 19% (p = 0.1131).Conclusion according to our data, ve is an independent factor associated with a higher rate of post-surgical lmd, and the periventricular localization is not independently correlated to this negative outcome.Neurosurgeons should avoid ve when possible.The correct surgical strategy should be founded on balancing the need for maximal eor and the risks associated with ve.

Journal: Journal of neuro-oncology (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
Ion accumulation-induced capacitance elevation in a microporous graphene-based supercapacitor.

High-performance porous 3d graphene-based supercapacitors are one of the most promising and challenging directions for future energy technologies.Microporous graphene has been synthesized by the pyrolysis method.The fabricated lightweight graphene with a few layers (flg) has an ultra-high surface area of 2266 m2g-1along with various-sized micropores.The defect-induced morphology and pore size distribution of the fabricated graphene are examined, and the results show that the micropores vary from 0.85 to 1.9 nm and the 1.02 nm pores contribute 30% of the total surface area.The electrochemical behaviour of the electrode fabricated using this graphene has been studied with various concentrations of the koh electrolyte.The highest specific capacitance of the graphene electrode of 540 f g-1(close to the theoretical value, ∼550 f g-1) can be achieved by using the 1 m koh electrolyte.This high specific capacitance contribution involves the counter ion adsorption, co-ion desorption, and ion permutation mechanisms.The formation of a helmholtz layer, as well as the diffusion of the electrolyte ions, confirms this phenomenon.The symmetrical solid-state supercapacitor fabricated with the graphene electrodes and pva-koh gel as the electrolyte exhibits excellent energy and power densities of 18 w h kg-1and 10.2 k w kg-1, respectively.This supercapacitor also shows a superior 100% coulombic efficiency after 6000 cycles.

Journal: RSC advances (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
Preoperative exercise training for adults undergoing elective major vascular surgery: A systematic review.

Patients undergoing major vascular surgery may have an increased risk of postoperative complications due to poor 'fitness for surgery'.Prehabilitation aims to optimise physical fitness and risk factors before surgery to improve outcomes.The role of exercise-based prehabilitation in vascular surgery is currently unclear.Therefore, the aim of this systematic review was to assess the benefits and harms of preoperative exercise training in adults undergoing elective vascular surgery.We searched medline, embase, cinahl, and central databases, trial registries, and forward and backward citations for studies published between january 2008 and april 2021.We included randomised trials that compared patients receiving exercise training with those receiving usual care or no training before vascular surgery.Outcomes included mortality, complications, and health-related quality of life (hrqol).Three trials with 197 participants were included.All studies involved people undergoing abdominal aortic aneurysm (aaa) repair.Low-certainty evidence could not differentiate between rates of all-cause mortality.Moderate-certainty evidence indicated that postoperative cardiac and renal complications were less likely to occur in people who participated in preoperative exercise training compared with those who did not.Low-certainty evidence also indicated better postoperative hrqol outcomes in people who undertook prehabilitation.There were no serious exercise-related adverse events.The evidence on preoperative exercise training for aaa patients is promising, but currently insufficiently robust for this intervention to be recommended in clinical guidelines.High-quality trials are needed to establish its clinical and cost-effectiveness.Research is also needed to determine the feasibility and effects of prehabilitation before lower-limb revascularisation.Trial registration: prospero id: crd42021245933.

Journal: PloS one (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article;Systematic Review
A Frailty Index based on clinical data to quantify mortality risk in dogs.

Frailty is defined as a decline in an organism's physiological reserves resulting in increased vulnerability to stressors.In humans, a single continuous variable, the so-called frailty index (fi), can be obtained by multidimensionally assessing the biological complexity of an ageing organism.Here, we evaluate this variability in dogs and compare it to the data available for humans.In dogs, there was a moderate correlation between age and the fi, and the distribution of the fi increased with age.Deficit accumulation was strongly related to mortality.The effect of age, when combined with the fi, was negligible.No sex-related differences were evident.The fi could be considered in epidemiological studies and/or experimental trials to account for the potential confounding effects of the health status of individual dogs.The age-related deficit accumulation reported in dogs is similar to that demonstrated in humans.Therefore, dogs might represent an excellent model for human aging studies.

Journal: Scientific reports (2019)
Publication types: Comparative Study;Journal Article;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Association between gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD) history and clinical outcomes in in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (IVF/ICSI) cycles.

Gestational trophoblastic disease (gtd) usually affects young women of childbearing age.After treatment for gtd, 86% of women wish to achieve pregnancy.On account of the impacts of gtd and treatments as well as patient anxiety, large numbers of couples turn to assisted reproductive technology (art), especially in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ivf/icsi).But few studies have investigated whether a history of gtd affects the outcomes of ivf/icsi in secondary infertile patients and how it occurs.We investigate whether a history of gtd affects the ivf/icsi outcomes and the live birth rates in women with secondary infertility.Methods this retrospective cohort study enrolled 176 women with secondary infertility who underwent ivf/icsi treatment at the reproductive medical center of nanjing drum tower hospital from january 1, 2016, to december 31, 2020.Participants were divided into the gtd group (44 women with gtd history) and control group (132 women without gtd history matched from 8318 secondary infertile women).The control group and the study group were matched at a ratio of 3:1 according to patient age, infertility duration, number of cycles and body mass index (bmi).We assessed retrieved oocytes and high-grade embryos, biochemical pregnancy, miscarriage, ectopic pregnancy, gestational age at delivery, delivery mode and live birth rates.Result(s) we found a significantly reduced live-birth rate (34.1% vs 66.7%) associated with ivf/icsi cycles in patients with a gtd history compared to those without a gtd history.The biochemical pregnancy and miscarriage rates of the gtd group were slightly higher than those of the control group.In addition, there was a difference in gestational age at delivery between the gtd and control groups (p < 0.001) but no differences in the mode of delivery (p = 0.267).Furthermore, the number of abandoned embryos in the gtd group was greater than that in the control group (p = 0.018), and the number of good-quality embryos was less than that in the control group (p = 0.019).The endometrial thickness was thinner (p < 0.001) in the gtd group.Immunohistochemistry (ihc) showed abnormal endometrial receptivity in the gtd group.Conclusion(s) the gtd history of patients undergoing ivf/icsi cycles had an impact on the live-birth rate and gestational age at delivery, which might result from the thinner endometrium and abnormal endometrial receptivity before embryo transfer.

Journal: Reproductive biology and endocrinology : RB&E (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
Rapid Neurocognitive Deterioration and Mortality in a Healthcare Professional With Spongiform Encephalopathy: Implications for Neurologic and End-of-Life Care.

Spongiform encephalopathy (se) is a rare prion disorder characterized by progressive cognitive dysfunction and mortality.Affected patients can observe a wide variety of neurological symptoms, such as myoclonus, dementia, cerebellar signs, and others.We present a case of laboratory-confirmed se in an otherwise healthy 57-year-old medical professional who initially presented with nonspecific and unique "head in a fish-bowl" dissociation and cognitive decline.No social risk factors were ever identified other than his healthcare career, but subsequent neuroimaging, serology, and lumbar puncture confirmed a diagnosis of sporadic se due to unknown etiology.He was then treated symptomatically and referred ultimately to palliative care.The patient passed while in hospice care with time from the initial diagnosis to mortality being only 42 days.Given his vague but uniquely rapid deterioration and subsequent mortality, we highlight an opportunity to discuss diagnosis, management, quality improvement, and ethical concerns associated with se prognosis.We aim to help primary care physicians and neurologists better elucidate the risk factors, signs and symptoms, and pathophysiology of se to make an early diagnosis.Symptoms can then be managed effectively and palliative services coordinated via a legal and compassionate shared decision-making approach.We recommend that once a diagnosis is made, a discussion with the patient and their family about advance directives and end-of-life care be coordinated as soon as reasonably possible.This should be carried out by a multidisciplinary team consisting of the patient's primary care physician and neurologist, as well as a social worker, palliative care physician, and counselor (spiritual or otherwise).It is our hope that through a better understanding of these factors in se care, quality of life improvement protocols in similarly-debilitating neurocognitive diseases can be developed.

Journal: Cureus (2021)
Publication types: Case Reports;Journal Article
Gauging the impacts of urbanization on CO2emissions from the construction industry: Evidence from China.

The construction industry has aided rapid urbanization in china, significantly contributing to co2emissions.However, few studies have investigated the impacts of urbanization on co2emissions from the construction industry and the regional heterogeneity or considered the construction-related factors for urban construction scale to represent urbanization.To compensate for these limitations, this study aimed to explore the impacts of urbanization on co2emissions from the construction industry.Herein, the urban construction scale was used to represent urbanization, along with population size, economic growth, and technology level.An augmented stochastic impacts by regression on population, affluence, and technology model was used to estimate the cross-province panel data from three regions in china during 2008-2017.The heterogeneity due to regional differences in urbanization levels was addressed by classifying china into three regions- urbanized, urbanizing, and under-urbanized.The findings suggest that population size, economic growth, construction of residential buildings, and technology level were the primary factors impacting co2emissions, and the impact presented a declining trend from the urbanized to the urbanizing and under-urbanized regions.Specifically, an inverted u-shaped relationship existed between co2emissions and urban economic growth, and the urbanized region indicated a higher inflection point than other regions.The urbanization ratio was negatively correlated with co2emissions, while the energy intensity, per capita floor space of urban residential buildings, and per capita length of drainpipes were positively correlated with the co2emissions in all three regions.Further, the technology level was conducive to co2emissions reduction, however, it requires further improvement.The per capita area of paved roads exerted significantly negative effects in the urbanized region and insignificant in the urbanizing and under-urbanized regions.Overall, these results can help formulate policies to mitigate the construction industry's carbon emissions.

Journal: Journal of environmental management (2021)
Publication types: Journal Article
Effect of adverse events on non-adherence and study non-completion in malaria chemoprevention during pregnancy trial: A nested case control study.

In drug trials, adverse events (aes) burden can induce treatment non-adherence or discontinuation.The non-adherence and discontinuation induce selection bias, affecting drug safety interpretation.Nested case-control (ncc) study can efficiently quantify the impact of the aes, although choice of sampling approach is challenging.We investigated whether ncc study with incidence density sampling is more efficient than ncc with path sampling under conditional logistic or weighted cox models in assessing the effect of aes on treatment non-adherence and participation in preventive antimalarial drug during pregnancy trial.Methods using data from a trial of medication to prevent malaria in pregnancy that randomized 600 women to receive chloroquine or sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine during pregnancy, we conducted a ncc study assessing the role of prospectively collected aes, as exposure of interest, on treatment non-adherence and study non-completion.We compared estimates from ncc study with incidence density against those from ncc with path sampling under conditional logistic and weighted cox models.Results out of 599 women with the outcomes of interest, 474 (79%) experienced at least one ae before delivery.For conditional logistic model, the hazard ratio for the effect of ae occurrence on treatment non-adherence was 0.70 (95% ci: 0.42, 1.17; p = 0.175) under incidence density sampling and 0.68 (95% ci: 0.41, 1.13; p = 0.137) for path sampling.For study non-completion, the hazard ratio was 1.02 (95% ci: 0.56, 1.83; p = 0.955) under incidence density sampling and 0.85 (95% ci: 0.45, 1.60; p = 0.619) under path sampling.We obtained similar hazard ratios and standard errors under incidence density sampling and path sampling whether weighted cox or conditional logistic models were used.Conclusion ncc with incidence density sampling and ncc with path sampling are practically similar in efficiency whether conditional logistic or weighted cox analytical methods although path sampling uses more unique controls to achieve the similar estimates.Trial registration clinical trials.gov: nct01443130.

Journal: PloS one (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article;Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Interrogating Plant-Microbe Interactions with Chemical Tools: Click Chemistry Reagents for Metabolic Labeling and Activity-Based Probes.

Continued expansion of the chemical biology toolbox presents many new and diverse opportunities to interrogate the fundamental molecular mechanisms driving complex plant-microbe interactions.This review will examine metabolic labeling with click chemistry reagents and activity-based probes for investigating the impacts of plant-associated microbes on plant growth, metabolism, and immune responses.While the majority of the studies reviewed here used chemical biology approaches to examine the effects of pathogens on plants, chemical biology will also be invaluable in future efforts to investigate mutualistic associations between beneficial microbes and their plant hosts.

Journal: Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) (2021)
Publication types: Journal Article;Review
Penile cancer in Ireland - A national review.

Penile cancer is a rare malignancy, with a reported incidence of 1.5/100,000 males in the republic of ireland in 2015.The aim of this study was to perform the first national review and to evaluate clinicopathological factors affecting survival.Subjects and methods all cases of penile cancer in ireland between 1995 and 2010 were identified through the national cancer registry ireland (ncri) and analysed to identify factors affecting survival.Results 360 cases of penile cancer were identified, with a mean age at diagnosis of 65.5 years and 88% (n = 315) of cases occurred in those over 50.91% (n = 328) of cases were squamous cell carcinomas (scc).The majority of patients were treated surgically (n = 289), with 57% (n = 206) and 24% (n = 87) undergoing partial penectomy and total penectomy respectively.Only 18% (n = 65) received radiotherapy, and 8% (n = 27) received chemotherapy.Mean overall survival (os) was 113 months, and five year disease specific survival (dss) was 70% (95%ci: 59.1-77.8%).Age at diagnosis, nodal status and presence of metastatic disease were independent prognostic markers on multivariate analysis.Conclusion this study represents the first national review of penile cancer in ireland.The annual incidence and survival rates are comparable to european figures, though superior dss has previously been reported from our institution, highlighting the role for centralisation of care in ireland.Level of evidence 2b.

Journal: The surgeon : journal of the Royal Colleges of Surgeons of Edinburgh and Ireland (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article;Review
The effect of different restoration approaches on vegetation development in metal mines.

Mining is the most destructive human activity towards ecosystems through changing the terrain, substrate properties, and vegetation community structure.Vegetation succession, the theoretical basis of restoration, is influenced by site conditions and anthropogenic intervention.In order to provide general practical applications for mine restoration, it is critical to identify the optimal intervention that promotes succession, and the influence of climates.Here, we hypothesized that high-intervention contributes to positive characteristics and more successful succession, while increasing climatic severity presents negative characteristics and succession is hard to succeed.In this study, we collected 55 global studies (n = 804) on the vegetation succession of abandoned metal mines, and evaluated the ecological characteristics and successional trends under spontaneous succession and anthropogenic intervention conditions by conducting meta-analyses.Furthermore, we considered factors that may affect the vegetation succession after closing mines, including geological conditions, mining area (area of degraded land in mine field) and mining time (duration of mining operations).Species richness and evenness increased with the age of succession under low- and non- intervention conditions, while coverage increased under high-intervention, and species diversity decreased significantly with increasing mining time in cold areas.There were significant differences in succession trends under different climate types.The vegetation structure was more likely to develop towards the target vegetation in megathermal and mesothermal than in microthermal regions.We contend that a low level of intervention can help succession, while high-intervention will not.Vegetation succession can be achieved more easily with less climatic severity, and the reduction of large-scale mining processes (area and time) can increase vegetation evenness, especially for continental or microthermal regions.

Journal: The Science of the total environment (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article