syedzayyan/paper_mill_benchmark huggingface dataset:
Phosphorous removal and recovery from urban wastewater: Current practices and new directions.

Phosphate rocks are an irreplaceable resource to produce fertilizers, but their availability will not be enough to meet the increasing demands of agriculture for food production.At the same time, the accumulation of phosphorous discharged by municipal wastewater treatment plants (wwtps) is one of the main causes of eutrophication.In a perspective of circular economy, wwtps play a key role in phosphorous management.Indeed, phosphorus removal and recovery from wwtps can both reduce the occurrence of eutrophication and contribute to meeting the demand for phosphorus-based fertilizers.Phosphorous removal and recovery are interconnected phases in wwtp with the former generally involved in the mainstream treatment, while the latter on the side streams.Indeed, by reducing phosphorus concentration in the wwtp side streams, a further improvement of the overall phosphorus removal from the wwtp influent can be obtained.Many studies and patents have been recently focused on treatments and processes aimed at the removal and recovery of phosphorous from wastewater and sewage sludge.Notably, new advances on biological and material sciences are constantly put at the service of conventional or unconventional wastewater treatments to increase the phosphorous removal efficiency and/or reduce the treatment costs.Similarly, many studies have been devoted to the development of processes aimed at the recovery of phosphorus from wastewaters and sludge to produce fertilizers, and a wide range of recovery percentages is reported as a function of the different technologies applied (from 10-25% up to 70-90% of the phosphorous in the wwtp influent).In view of forthcoming and inevitable regulations on phosphorous removal and recovery from wwtp streams, this review summarizes the main recent advances in this field to provide the scientific and technical community with an updated and useful tool for choosing the best strategy to adopt during the design or upgrading of wwtps.

Journal: The Science of the total environment (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article;Review
Varying redox potential affects P release from stream bank sediments.

Sediments in streams that drain agricultural watersheds may be sinks that can adsorb p from the stream or sources that can release p to the stream.Sediment characteristics and environmental factors, including the oxidation-reduction (redox) potential of the water associated with the sediment, determine whether p will be adsorbed or released by the sediment.We investigated p adsorption and release by four sediments [three holocene-age sediments (camp creek, roberts creek and gunder) as well as pre-illinoian-age till] that occur in walnut creek, a second-order stream in jasper county, iowa, that is representative of many small streams in the glaciated upper midwest of the us.The effects of two redox potentials on phosphorus buffering capacity (pbc) and equilibrium phosphorus concentration (epc) were evaluated in batch adsorption experiments.We also simulated aerobic and anerobic conditions over a 24-day period and measured solution-phase p concentrations in stirred systems where the sediments were isolated from the water by dialysis tubing.The batch experiment indicated that the epcs of the three holocene-age sediments were similar to one another and increased with decreasing redox potential.In the stirred flow reactors, more dissolved p was released from the camp creek and roberts creek sediments under anaerobic conditions than from the other sediments.This observation suggests that these two sediments, which are younger and higher in the stratigraphic sequence, are more likely to be p sources in suboxic settings.The p buffering capacity was greatest in the till.Where it is in contact with the stream water, the till is likely to serve as an adsorbing sink for p in the water column.

Journal: PloS one (2018)
Publication types: Journal Article;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Current Trends and Predictors of Case Outcomes for Malpractice in Colonoscopy in the United States.

Over 14 million colonoscopies are performed annually, and this procedure remains the largest contributor to malpractice claims against gastroenterologists.The aim of this study was to evaluate reasons for litigation and predictors of case outcomes.Materials and methods cases related to colonoscopy were reviewed within the westlaw legal database.Patient demographics, reasons for litigation, case payouts, and verdicts were assessed.Multivariate regression was used to determine predictors of defendant verdicts.Results a total of 305 cases were included from years 1980 to 2017.Average patient age was 54.9 years (range, 4 to 93) and 52.8% of patients were female.Juries returned defendant and plaintiff verdicts in 51.8% and 25.2% of cases, respectively, and median payout was $995,000.Top reasons for litigation included delay in treatment (65.9%) and diagnosis (65.6%), procedural error (44.3%), and failure to refer (25.6%).Gastroenterologists were defendants in 71% of cases, followed by primary care (32.2%) and surgeons (14.8%).Cases citing informed consent predicted defendant verdict (odds ratio, 4.05; 95% confidence interval, 1.90-9.45) while medication error predicted plaintiff verdict (odds ratio, 0.18; 95% confidence interval, 0.04-0.59).Delay in diagnosis (p=0.060) and failure to refer (p=0.074) trended toward plaintiff verdict but did not reach significance.Most represented states were new york (21.0%), california (13.4%), pennsylvania (13.1%), massachusetts (12.5%).Conclusions malpractice related to colonoscopy remains a significant and has geographic variability.Errors related to sedation predicted plaintiff verdict and may represent a target to reduce litigation.Primary care physicians and surgeons were frequently cited codefendants, underscoring the significance of interdisciplinary care for colonoscopy.

Journal: Journal of clinical gastroenterology (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
Sustainable Use of Sludge from Industrial Park Wastewater Treatment Plants in Manufacturing Lightweight Aggregates.

The aim of this study was to investigate the development of a process for manufacturing lightweight aggregates (lwas) by incorporating sludge from wastewater treatment plants in industrial parks with reservoir sediments.The research was divided into two stages: laboratory-scale firing and large-scale firing.In the laboratory-scale stage, a high-temperature furnace was used for trial firing.In the large-scale stage, a commercial rotary kiln was used for trial firing for mass production.The test results showed that the water absorption, dry loose bulk density, and crushing strength of the sintered lwas were 14.2-26.9%, 634-753 kg/m3, and 1.29-2.90 mpa, respectively.Moreover, the water absorption of the sintered lwas increased as the percentage of added sludge increased.In addition, the dry loose bulk density of the sintered lwas gradually decreased as the percentage of added sludge increased.Moreover, the results of the heavy metal toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (tclp) dissolution test for the lwas produced by blending 30-50% sludge were all lower than the standard value required by the taiwan environmental protection agency for general industrial waste.The strength grade of the sintered lwas was 20 mpa.From this point of view, the sintered lwas that were studied under the test conditions could be used as aggregates for lightweight concrete and would allow it to have a reasonable strength of greater than 20 mpa.

Journal: Materials (Basel, Switzerland) (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
Glans Diameter and Meatus Localization Are the Sole Predictors of Primary Distal Hypospadias Surgery Complications: A Multivariate Analysis of Single Surgeon Series.

Introduction tubularized incised plate urethroplasty (tipu) surgery is among the most successful techniques for distal hypospadias.Our objective was the investigation of complication rates and their predictors.Methods between 2010 and 2021, 150 patients with distal hypospadias were operated on consecutively by a single surgeon using the tipu technique.The primary outcome was the complication rates including fistula, meatal stenosis, and glans dehiscence.Secondary outcomes were predictor factors of complications.Results the average glans diameter was 13.9 ± 0.10 mm and 57.0% of the patients had a glans diameter greater than 14 mm.Single-layer and double-layer urethroplasty were used in 55.3% (n = 83) and 44.7% (n = 67) of patients, respectively.Overall complication rate was 23.3% (n = 35), which included fistula (3.3%, n = 5), glans dehiscence (12.7%, n = 19), and meatal stenosis (8.6%, n = 13).Glandular meatus localization (or = 58.8, p = 0.001) and smaller glans diameter (or = 0.39, p = 0.001) were significant predictors in the multivariate analysis of overall complications.For fistula complications, only short operation time (or = 0.83, p = 0.03) was found as a significant predictor.Glans width (<14 mm) was the only significant predictor of both glans dehiscence (or = 3.4, p = 0.03) and stenosis (or = 5.67, p = 0.013) complication.Conclusion tipu technique for distal hypospadias has notable success and acceptable complication rates.Dartos augmented single-layer urethral closure seems adequate for complication prevention.Preoperative assessment of the glans width and meatus site is advised to predict complication rates.

Journal: Cureus (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
Cortical interneurons in autism.

The mechanistic underpinnings of autism remain a subject of debate and controversy.Why do individuals with autism share an overlapping set of atypical behaviors and symptoms, despite having different genetic and environmental risk factors?A major challenge in developing new therapies for autism has been the inability to identify convergent neural phenotypes that could explain the common set of symptoms that result in the diagnosis.Although no striking macroscopic neuropathological changes have been identified in autism, there is growing evidence that inhibitory interneurons (ins) play an important role in its neural basis.In this review, we evaluate and interpret this evidence, focusing on recent findings showing reduced density and activity of the parvalbumin class of ins.We discuss the need for additional studies that investigate how genes and the environment interact to change the developmental trajectory of ins, permanently altering their numbers, connectivity and circuit engagement.

Journal: Nature neuroscience (2021)
Publication types: Journal Article;Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't;Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.;Review
Loss of ATP5A1 enhances proliferation and predicts poor prognosis of colon adenocarcinoma.

Atp synthase f1 subunit alpha (atp5f1a), also named as atp5a1, is a subunit of mitochondrial atp synthase.Dysregulated expression of atp5a1 has been reported in several malignancies, nevertheless it showed either oncogenic or tumor-suppressing roles in different cancer types.Here we aimed to initially investigate the expression and role of atp5a1 in colon adenocarcinoma.Methods we firstly evaluated the transcription and m rna levels of atp5a1 using data from the cancer genome atlas (tcga).Besides, we tested its m rna and protein expression in our enrolled retrospective cohort (n = 115).Univariate and multivariate analyzes were conducted to assess its prognostic value.Cellular experiments and xenografts in mice model were performed to validate the role of atp5a1 in colon cancer.Results atp5a1 showed a significant lower level in colon adenocarcinoma than in adjacent nontumorous tissue.Advanced tumor stage was characterized with lower atp5a1 level.Lower atp5a1 was associated with poor prognosis in both tcga dataset (p = 0.041) and our cohort (p = 0.001).Furthermore, cox regression analysis demonstrated that atp5a1 was a novel independent prognostic factor for colon cancer patients (hr=0.43, p = 0.018).Finally, cellular and xenografts data confirmed that overexpressing atp5a1 can remarkably attenuate colon cancer growth.Conclusion low expression of atp5a1 may be a potential molecular marker for poor prognosis in colon cancer.Data availability data will be available upon request.

Journal: Pathology, research and practice (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
Cellular Interaction of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells with Polymer and Hydrogel 3D Microscaffold Templates.

Biomimicking biological niches of healthy tissues or tumors can be achieved by means of artificial microenvironments, where structural and mechanical properties are crucial parameters to promote tissue formation and recreate natural conditions.In this work, three-dimensional (3d) scaffolds based on woodpile structures were fabricated by two-photon polymerization (2pp) of different photosensitive polymers (ip-s and sz2080) and hydrogels (pegda 700) using two different 2pp setups, a commercial one and a customized one.The structures' properties were tuned to study the effect of scaffold dimensions (gap size) and their mechanical properties on the adhesion and proliferation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (bm-mscs), which can serve as a model for leukemic diseases, among other hematological applications.The woodpile structures feature gap sizes of 25, 50, and 100 μm and a fixed beam diameter of 25 μm, to systematically study the optimal cell colonization that promotes healthy cell growth and potential tissue formation.The characterization of the scaffolds involved scanning electron microscopy and mechanical nanoindenting, while their suitability for supporting cell growth was evaluated with live/dead cell assays and multistaining 3d confocal imaging.In the mechanical assays of the hydrogel material, we observed two different stiffness ranges depending on the indentation depth.Larger gap woodpile structures coated with fibronectin were identified as the most promising scaffolds for 3d bm-msc cellular models, showing higher proliferation rates.The results indicate that both the design and the employed materials are suitable for further assays, where retaining the bm-msc stemness and original features is crucial, including studies focused on bm disorders such as leukemia and others.Moreover, the combination of 3d scaffold geometry and materials holds great potential for the investigation of cellular behaviors in a co-culture setting, for example, mesenchymal and hematopoietic stem cells, to be further applied in medical research and pharmacological studies.

Journal: ACS applied materials & interfaces (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
PcWRKY11, an II-d WRKY Transcription Factor fromPolygonum cuspidatum, Enhances Salt Tolerance in TransgenicArabidopsis thaliana.

Being an invasive plant,polygonum cuspidatumis highly resilient and can survive in unfavorable environments for long periods; however, its molecular mechanisms associated with such environmental resistance are largely unknown.In this study, a wrky transcription factor (tf) gene,pc wrky11, was identified from p.Cuspidatumby analyzing methyl jasmonate (me ja)-treated transcriptome data.It showed a high degree of homology with wrky11 from arabidopsis thaliana, containing a wrky domain and a zinc finger structure and ii-d wrky characteristic domains of harf, a calmodulin-binding domain (c-motif), and a putative nuclear localization signal (nls) through sequence alignment and functional element mining.Q pcr analysis showed that the expression of pc wrky11 can be induced by na cl, osmotic stress, and uv-c.In this study, we also found that overexpression of pc wrky11in a.Thalianacould significantly increase salt tolerance.To explore its possible molecular mechanism, further investigations showed that compared with the wild type (wt), under salt stress, the transgenic plants showed a lower malondialdehyde (mda) content, higher expression ofascorbate peroxidase (apx) andsuperoxide dismutase(sod), and higher enzyme activity of peroxidase(pod), superoxide dismutase (sod), and catalase (cat).Moreover, the transgenic plants also showed higher expression of δ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthase (at p5cs), and higher contents of proline and soluble sugar.Taken together, these results indicate that pc wrky11may have a positive role in plants' adaptation to salinity conditions by reducing reactive oxygen species (ros) levels and increasing osmosis substance synthesis.

Journal: International journal of molecular sciences (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
Familial pathways to early-onset suicide attempt: a 5.6-year prospective study.

Importance suicide attempts are strong predictors of suicide, a leading cause of adolescent mortality.Suicide attempts are highly familial, although the mechanisms of familial transmission are not understood.Better delineation of these mechanisms could help frame potential targets for prevention.Objective to examine the mechanisms and pathways by which suicidal behavior is transmitted from parent to child.Design, setting, and participants in this prospective study conducted from july 15, 1997, through june 21, 2012, a total of 701 offspring aged 10 to 50 years (mean age, 17.7 years) of 334 clinically referred probands with mood disorders, 191 (57.2%) of whom had also made a suicide attempt, were followed up for a mean of 5.6 years.Main outcomes and measures the primary outcome was a suicide attempt.Variables were examined at baseline, intermediate time points, and the time point proximal to the attempt.Participants were assessed by structured psychiatric assessments and self-report and by interview measures of domains hypothesized to be related to familial transmission (eg, mood disorder and impulsive aggression).Results among the 701 offspring, 44 (6.3%) had made a suicide attempt before participating in the study, and 29 (4.1%) made an attempt during study follow-up.Multivariate logistic regression revealed that proband suicide attempt was a predictor of offspring suicide attempt (odds ratio [or], 4.79; 95% ci, 1.75-13.07), even controlling for other salient offspring variables: baseline history of mood disorder (or, 4.20; 95% ci, 1.37-12.86), baseline history of suicide attempt (or, 5.69; 95% ci, 1.94-16.74), and mood disorder at the time point before the attempt (or, 11.32; 95% ci, 2.29-56.00).Path analyses were consistent with these findings, revealing a direct effect of proband attempt on offspring suicide attempt, a strong effect of offspring mood disorder at each time point, and impulsive aggression as a precursor of mood disorder.Conclusions and relevance parental history of a suicide attempt conveys a nearly 5-fold increased odds of suicide attempt in offspring at risk for mood disorder, even after adjusting for the familial transmission of mood disorder.Interventions that target mood disorder and impulsive aggression in high-risk offspring may attenuate the familial transmission of suicidal behavior.

Journal: JAMA psychiatry (2015)
Publication types: Journal Article;Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Deficiency of autoimmune regulator impairs the immune tolerance effect of bone marrow-derived dendritic cells in mice.

As a transcription factor, autoimmune regulator (aire) participates in thymic negative selection and maintains immune tolerance mainly by regulating the ectopic expression of tissue-restricted antigens (tras) in medullary thymic epithelial cells (m tecs).Aire is also expressed in dendritic cells (dcs).Dcs are professional antigen-presenting cells (apcs) that affect the differentiation of t cells toward distinct subpopulations and participate in the immune response and tolerance, thereby playing an important role in maintaining homeostasis.To determine the role of aire in maintaining immune tolerance by bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (bmdcs), in the present study we utilized aire-knockout mice to examine the changes of maturation status and tras expression on bmdcs, additionally investigate the differentiation of cd4+t cells.The results showed that expression of costimulatory molecule and major histocompatibility complex class ii (mhc-ii) molecule was increased and expression of various tras was decreased in bmdcs from aire-knockout mice.Aire deficiency reduced the differentiation of naïve cd4+t cells into type 2t helper (th2) cells and regulatory t cells (tregs) but enhanced the differentiation of naïve cd4+t cells into th1 cells, th17 cells, and follicular helper t (tfh) cells.The results demonstrate that aire expressed by bmdcs plays an important role in the maintenance of homeostasis by regulating tra expression and the differentiation of t cell subsets.

Journal: Autoimmunity (2018)
Publication types: Journal Article;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't;Video-Audio Media
Advancements in Microfluidic Systems for the Study of Female Reproductive Biology.

The female reproductive tract is a highly complex physiological system that consists of the ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, cervix, and vagina.An enhanced understanding of the molecular, cellular, and genetic mechanisms of the tract will allow for the development of more effective assisted reproductive technologies, therapeutics, and screening strategies for female specific disorders.Traditional 2-dimensional and 3-dimensional static culture systems may not always reflect the cellular and physical contexts or physicochemical microenvironment necessary to understand the dynamic exchange that is crucial for the functioning of the reproductive system.Microfluidic systems present a unique opportunity to study the female reproductive tract, as these systems recapitulate the multicellular architecture, contacts between different tissues, and microenvironmental cues that largely influence cell structure, function, behavior, and growth.This review discusses examples, challenges, and benefits of using microfluidic systems to model ovaries, fallopian tubes, endometrium, and placenta.Additionally, this review also briefly discusses the use of these systems in studying the effects of endocrine disrupting chemicals and diseases such as ovarian cancer, preeclampsia, and polycystic ovarian syndrome.

Journal: Endocrinology (2021)
Publication types: Journal Article;Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't;Review