syedzayyan/paper_mill_benchmark huggingface dataset:
Characterization of poultry house dust using chemometrics and scanning electron microscopy imaging.

Poultry house dust is composed of fine particles which likely originate from a diverse range of materials such as feed, litter, excreta, and feathers.Little is known about the contribution of these sources to broiler house airborne dust so the present study was designed to identify the relative contributions of these sources.Samples of feed, excreta, feather, and bedding, known mixtures of these and settled dust from 28 broiler chicken flocks were tested for the concentration of 18 chemical elements.A chemometrics approach (the application of multivariate statistical techniques to chemical analysis data) was used to identify the primary source material in broiler chicken house dust samples.Scanning electron microscopy (sem) was also used to analyze dust sample particulates based on examination of source materials.Excreta was found to be the main component of broiler chicken house dust, both by sem and chemometric analysis.Sem of experimental flock dust between 7 and 35 days of age (d) revealed that the contribution of excreta to dust increased with age from 60% at 7 d to 95% at 28 d (p < 0.001).The proportion of bedding and feed in dust declined with age while the contribution of feather material remained low throughout.This study demonstrates that excreta provides the bulk of the material in poultry dust samples with bedding material, feed and feather material providing lower proportions.The relative contributions of these materials to dust varies with age of birds at dust collection.Additional research is required to determine the health and diagnostic implications of this variation.

Journal: Poultry science (2021)
Publication types: Journal Article
Comparison of Oxidative Effects of Electronic Cigarette and Tobacco Smoke Exposure Performed Experimentally.

Cigarette smoking is a life-threatening habit that has rapidly spread in every socioeconomic part of the public worldwide.There exist mechanisms of nicotine delivery available to use in the hope of halting cigarette smoking, and the electronic cigarette (ec) is one of the common methods used for tobacco smoking replacement.This study aimed to investigate experimentally the oxidative effects of tobacco smoke and ec smoke which contain nicotine.Method we constructed smoke circuit rooms for exposing the rats to ec or tobacco smoke.Three groups were created, the control group (n = 8); the electronic cigarette group (n = 8), exposure to electronic cigarette smoke for 2 h per day; and the tobacco group (n = 8), exposure to traditional cigarette smoke for 2 h per day.After the first and second week of exposure, blood samples were obtained, and serum oxidative stress index (osi), paraoxonase 1 (pon1) activity, and prolidase levels were evaluated.Results higher values of osi and prolidase levels were detected in the first week of ec or tobacco smoke exposure in both study groups (p < 0.001) when compared with the control group, and partial decrements were observed in the second week.By contrast, elevated pon1 levels were observed in the second week after ec or tobacco smoke exposure.The highest osi levels were observed in the tobacco smoke group (p < 0.001).The lowest values of pon1 levels were detected in the first week of the electronic cigarette smoke group, and this decremental value was statistically different than normal, the second week of the electronic cigarette smoke group, the first week of the traditional cigarette smoke exposure group, and the second week of the traditional cigarette smoke exposure group values (p < 0.000).Conclusion our results indicate that ec smoke induced oxidative stress.Therefore, ecs are potentially risky for human health and can lead to important health problems.

Journal: European addiction research (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
Spaceflight Virology: What Do We Know about Viral Threats in the Spaceflight Environment?

Viruses constitute a significant part of the human microbiome, so wherever humans go, viruses are brought with them, even on space missions.In this mini review, we focus on the international space station (iss) as the only current human habitat in space that has a diverse range of viral genera that infect microorganisms from bacteria to eukaryotes.Thus, we have reviewed the literature on the physical conditions of space habitats that have an impact on both virus transmissibility and interaction with their host, which include uv radiation, ionizing radiation, humidity, and microgravity.Also, we briefly comment on the practices used on space missions that reduce virus spread, that is, use of antimicrobial surfaces, spacecraft sterilization practices, and air filtration.Finally, we turn our attention to the health threats that viruses pose to space travel.Overall, even though efforts are taken to ensure safe conditions during human space travel, for example, preflight quarantines of astronauts, we reflect on the potential risks humans might be exposed to and how those risks might be aggravated in extraterrestrial habitats.

Journal: Astrobiology (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't;Review
Maternal depression and child severe acute malnutrition: a case-control study from Kenya.

Depression is the leading cause of disease-related disability in women and adversely affects the health and well-being of mothers and their children.Studies have shown maternal depression as a risk factor for poor infant growth.Little is known about the situation in sub-saharan africa.The aim of our study was to examine the association between maternal depression and severe acute malnutrition in kenyan children aged 6-60 months.Methods a matched case-control study was conducted in general paediatric wards at the kenyatta national hospital.The cases were children admitted with severe acute malnutrition as determined by who criteria.The controls were age and sex-matched children with normal weight admitted in the same wards with acute ailments.Mothers of the cases and controls were assessed for depression using the phq-9 questionnaire.Child anthropometric and maternal demographic data were captured.Logistic regression analyses were used to compare the odds of maternal depression in cases and controls, taking into account other factors associated with child malnutrition status.Results the prevalence of moderate to severe depression among mothers of malnourished children was high (64.1%) compared to mothers of normal weight children (5.1%).In multivariate analyses, the odds of maternal depression was markedly higher in cases than in controls (adjusted or = 53.5, 95% ci = 8.5-338.3), as was the odds of having very low income (adjusted or = 77.6 95% ci = 5.8-1033.2).Conclusions kenyan mothers whose children are hospitalized with malnutrition were shown in this study to carry a significant mental health burden.We strongly recommend formation of self-help groups that offer social support, counseling, strategies to address food insecurity, and economic empowerment skills for mothers of children hospitalized for malnourishment.

Journal: BMC pediatrics (2018)
Publication types: Journal Article;Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
MITOCHONDRIA IN BIODOSIMETRY: FLOW CYTOMETRY ASSESMENT IN VITRO.

The jc-1 dye is widely used in apoptosis studies to monitor mitochondrial health.The probe was tested in vitro on two established cell lines and peripheral porcine blood lymphocytes after gamma irradiation (ir) to assess its potential in biodosimetric evaluation.In brief, we stained irradiated and non-irradiated cells with the jc-1 dye to determine the existing changes in mitochondrial membrane potential and monitor cell health through flow cytometry.The stage of injury in these cells was evaluated through an irradiated versus non-irradiated ratio (ivnir), comparing the relative proportion of polarised cells containing red jc-1 aggregates.We observed a decreasing ivnir as the radiation dose increased (i.e.0.5; 1; 2; 4; 6; 8 and 10 gy), performing the analysis at 4, 8 and 24 h after ir in all the tested cells.The results from the jc1-dye test showed that cd4 t lymphocytes were more sensitive to irradiation than other subpopulations.

Journal: Radiation protection dosimetry (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
Breeding seabirds as vectors of microplastics from sea to land: Evidence from colonies in Arctic Canada.

The presence and persistence of microplastics in the environment is increasingly recognized, however, how they are distributed throughout environmental systems requires further understanding.Seabirds have been identified as vectors of chemical contaminants from marine to terrestrial environments, and studies have recently identified seabirds as possible vectors of plastic pollution in the marine environment.However, their role in the distribution of microplastic pollution in the arctic has yet to be explored.We examined two species of seabirds known to ingest plastics: northern fulmars (fulmarus glacialis; n = 27) and thick-billed murres (uria lomvia; n = 30) as potential vectors for the transport of microplastics in and around breeding colonies.Our results indicated anthropogenic particles in the faecal precursors of both species.Twenty-four anthropogenic particles were found in the fulmar faecal precursor samples (m = 0.89, sd = 1.09; 23 fibres and one fragment), and 10 anthropogenic particles were found in the murre faecal precursor samples (m = 0.33, sd = 0.92; 5 fibres, 4 fragments, and one foam).Through the use of bird population surveys and the quantification of anthropogenic particles found in the faecal precursors of sampled seabirds from the same colony, we estimate that fulmars and murres may deposit between 3.3 (ciboot1.9 × 106-4.9 × 106) and 45.5 (ciboot9.1 × 106-91.9 × 106) million anthropogenic particles, respectively, per year into the environment during their breeding period at these colonies.These estimates indicate that migratory seabirds could be contributing to the distribution and local hotspots of microplastics in arctic environments, however, they are still likely a relatively small source of plastic pollution in terms of mass in the environment and may not contribute as much as other reported sources such as atmospheric deposition in the arctic.

Journal: The Science of the total environment (2021)
Publication types: Journal Article
Radical scavenging effects of 1-naphthol, 2-naphthol, and their sulfate-conjugates.

1-naphthol (1-nap) and 2-naphthol (2-nap) are phenolic isomers that may be subjected to sulfate conjugation in vivo.Phase-ii sulfate conjugation of phenolic compounds is generally thought to result in their inactivation.This study aimed to investigate the antioxidative effects of 1-nap s and 2-nap s, in comparison with their unsulfated counterparts, using established free radical scavenging assays.Based on the calculated ec50values, 1-nap s resulted in 5.60 to 7.35-times lower antioxidative activity than 1-nap.In contrast, 2-nap s showed comparable activities as did the unsulfated 2-nap.Collectively, the results obtained indicated that sulfate conjugation of the nap isomers did not always result in the decrease of their antioxidant activity, and the antioxidant activity that remained appeared to depend on the position of sulfation.

Journal: The Journal of toxicological sciences (2018)
Publication types: Comparative Study;Journal Article
Cryptic Prophages Contribution forCampylobacter jejuniandCampylobacter coliIntrogression.

Campylobacter coliand c.Jejuni, the causing agents of campylobacteriosis, are described to be undergoing introgression events, i.e., the transference of genetic material between different species, with some isolates sharing almost a quarter of its genome.The participation of phages in introgression events and consequent impact on host ecology and evolution remain elusive.Three distinct prophages, named c.Jejuniintegrated elements 1, 2, and 4 (cjie1, cjie2, and cjie4), are described in c.Jejuni.Here, we identified two unreported prophages,campylobacter coliintegrated elements 1 and 2 (ccie1 and ccie2 prophages), which are c.Colihomologues of cjie1 and cjie2, respectively.No induction was achieved for both prophages.Conversely, induction assays on cjie1 and cjie2 point towards the inducibility of these prophages.Ccie2-, cjie1-, and cjie4-like prophages were identified in a campylobacterspp.Population of 840 genomes, and phylogenetic analysis revealed clustering in three major groups: cjie1-ccie1, cjie2-ccie2, and cjie4, clearly segregating prophages from c.Jejuniand c.Coli, but not from human- and nonhuman-derived isolates, corroborating the flowing between animals and humans in the agricultural context.Punctual bacteriophage host-jumps were observed in the context of c.Jejuniand c.Coli, and although random chance cannot be fully discarded, these observations seem to implicate prophages in evolutionary introgression events that are modulating the hybridization of c.Jejuniand c.Colispecies.

Journal: Microorganisms (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
A Comparison of the Ligation Torque Expression of a Ribbonwise Bracket-Archwire Combination and a Conventional Combination: A Primary Study.

To assess the effect of the third-order mechanics of a new ribbonwise bracket-archwire combination using an orthodontic torque simulator.material and methods.An orthodontic torque simulator was used to measure the third-order moment of a maxillary central incisor as it changed from a neutral position to a 40° rotation in 1° increment.A new ribbonwise bracket (xinya, china) was compared with a conventional ligation bracket (american orthodontic, u.s.a.).The effects of different archwire sizes (i.e., 0.017′′ × 0.025′′ and 0.019′′ × 0.025′′) and materials (i.e., nickel-titanium, titanium-molybdenum alloy, and stainless steel) were analyzed.Paired samplet-tests were conducted to compare the moments between the two bracket types corresponding to each of the archwires.The effects of the stiffness of the bracket-archwire complexes were also assessed.Results statistically significant differences (p=0.05) between the moments from the two brackets were found.The ribbonwise bracket-archwire complex generated larger moments when the rotation angle was lower than 30°.The ribbonwise brackets produced moments that could reach a threshold of 5 nmm more quickly as the angle was increased.The higher the stiffness of the complex, the larger the moment.Conclusion the ribbonwise bracket-archwire complex reached the moment threshold limits earlier than the conventional complex.When the rotation angle is less than 30°, the ribbonwise bracket-archwire complex generated a greater torque moment in comparison with the conventional complex.

Journal: International journal of clinical practice (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
Management of Dyslipidemia in Patients with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease.

Of review patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (nafld), often considered as the hepatic manifestation of the metabolic syndrome, represent a population at high cardiovascular risk and frequently suffer from atherogenic dyslipidemia.This article reviews the pathogenic interrelationship between nafld and dyslipidemia, elucidates underlying pathophysiological mechanisms and focuses on management approaches for dyslipidemic patients with nafld.Recent findings atherogenic dyslipidemia in patients with nafld results from hepatic and peripheral insulin resistance along with associated alterations of hepatic glucose and lipoprotein metabolism, gut dysbiosis, and genetic factors.Since atherogenic dyslipidemia and nafld share a bi-directional relationship and are both major driving forces of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ascvd) development, early detection and adequate treatment are warranted.Thus, integrative screening and management programs are urgently needed.A stepwise approach for dyslipidemic patients with nafld includes (i) characterization of dyslipidemia phenotype, (ii) individual risk stratification, (iii) definition of treatment targets, (iv) lifestyle modification, and (v) pharmacotherapy if indicated.

Journal: Current atherosclerosis reports (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article;Review;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
When Should We Let Colorectal Cancer Screening Get Personal?

Although screening reduces colorectal cancer (crc) incidence and related mortality, national crc screening rates remain suboptimal.Identifying strategies to improve screening rates remains an area of intense focus, and previous literature supports an association between the perceived risk of crc and a likelihood or intent to complete screening.However, risk estimation alone through the validated national cancer institute colorectal cancer risk assessment tool does not improve screening uptake compared with general education.Future studies should couple risk estimation with patient navigation and decision support aids to build upon our existing armamentarium of effective interventions.

Journal: The American journal of gastroenterology (2021)
Publication types: Journal Article;Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural;Comment
Is CDAI comparable to DAS 28 and SDAI regarding inter-observer agreement and correlation to MHAQ in Egyptian RA patients?

Choosing between the different disease activity indices used for rheumatoid arthritis ra evaluation in clinical practice and research is often difficult.The aim of the current study was to compare clinical disease activity index (cdai) to simplified disease activity index (sdai), and disease activity score 28 (das28) regarding inter-observer reliability and correlation to the modified health assessment questionnaire (mhaq) in a cohort of egyptian ra patients.This study included one hundred ra patients.Every patient had an independent clinical evaluation made by two rheumatologists (professor and candidate) to evaluate disease activity using das28 with its 4 types, cdai and sdai.We used cohen's weighted kappa coefficient to measure the inter-observer agreement between the professor and candidate in different disease activity measures.Correlation between mhaq and disease activity measures was made with spearman's rho test.Inter-observer agreement in cdai and das28 values was almost perfect.A strong positive correlation was found between professor and candidate regarding the tested activity indices (p<0.001), and a positive correlation was found between mhaq and all disease activity scores made by both professor and candidate (p<0.001).Cdai proved to be comparable to other disease activity scores regarding inter-observer agreement and relation to mhaq.

Journal: Reumatismo (2020)
Publication types: Comparative Study;Journal Article
Clinical outcomes of patients with pT4a and pT4b oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma who had undergone surgery: Results from a Taiwanese registry-based, nationwide cohort study.

S while the nccn guidelines maintain that t4b oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (ocscc) should undergo either non-surgical treatments or clinical trials, promising outcomes of t4b ocscc having surgical excision have been reported.We analyzed and compared the clinical outcomes of taiwanese patients with p t4a and p t4b ocscc who had undergone surgical treatment.Methods from 2011 to 2017, a total of 4031 and 355 patients with first primary p t4a and p t4b ocscc were identified.A propensity score (ps)-matched analysis of patients (n = 351 each) for p t4a and p t4b tumors was also performed.Results the 5-year disease-specific and overall survival (dss/os) rates were more favorable in patients with p t4a than in those with p t4b ocscc (64%/55%, p < 0.0001; 55%/43%, p < 0.0001, respectively).Compared with p t4a, those with p t4b tumors had a higher burden of the following risk factors: buccal/retromolar/hard palate subsite, male sex, depth ≥ 10 mm, and positive margins.Before ps matching, multivariable analyses revealed that p t4b tumors (versus p t4a) were an adverse prognosticator for both 5-year dss and os (hazard ratios: 1.32 and 1.39, respectively).However, in the ps-matched cohort, no significant differences in 5-year dss and os rates were observed between p t4a and p t4b ocscc (57%/56%, p = 0.4024; 48%/44%, p = 0.1807, respectively) conclusions: no significant outcome differences were evident between p t4b and p t4a ocscc after ps matching.The most plausible hypothesis for the observed survival difference between t4a and t4b tumors is that it was driven by positive margins.We suggest that t4b ocscc should undergo initial surgical excision if adequate resection is possible.

Journal: Oral oncology (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Local treatment improves survival in patients with stage IVB cervical cancer.

To evaluate the value of local treatment in stage ivb cervical cancer (cc).Methods patients diagnosed with stage ivb cc between 2010 and 2015 were included using the data from the surveillance, epidemiology, and end results program.Propensity score matching (psm) was used to balance the clinicopathological variables of patients.Multivariate cox regression analyses were performed to analyze the risk factors associated with cause-specific survival (css).Results we identified 960 patients in this study, all patients had received chemotherapy.Of these patients, 818 patients were treated with local treatment (85.2%), including 724 (88.5%) and 94 (11.5%) patients receiving radiotherapy (rt) alone and surgery ± rt, respectively.Local treatment was the independent prognostic factor associated with better css.Before psm, patients who received rt (hazard ratio [hr] 0.633, 95% confidence interval [ci] 0.517-0.775, p < 0.001) or surgery (hr 0.391, 95% ci 0.277-0.552, p < 0.001) were independently associated with a better css compared to those with no local treatment.The 3-years css rate was 14.4%, 32.4%, and 54.8% in no local treatment, rt alone, and surgery groups, respectively (p < 0.001).Similar results were found after psm.Patients receiving rt (hr 0.643, 95% ci 0.436-0.947, p = 0.025) and surgery (hr 0.146, 95% ci 0.052-0.410, p < 0.001) had better css compared to patients with no local treatment after psm.While similar css was shown between rt alone cohort and the surgery cohort (hr 0.756, 95% ci 0.454-1.260, p = 0.284).Conclusions the addition of local surgery or rt to chemotherapy appears to confer improved survival outcomes in patients with stage ivb cc.

Journal: Gynecologic oncology (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't