syedzayyan/paper_mill_benchmark huggingface dataset:
Early detection of hepatocellular carcinoma: roadmap for improvement.

Introduction hepatocellular carcinoma (hcc) has a poor prognosis, related, in part, to frequent late-stage diagnosis.Improved implementation of effective hcc surveillance is critical to reduce hcc mortality.Areas covered we performed a targeted literature review to identify intervention targets for improving hcc surveillance effectiveness, including enriched risk stratification tools, improved surveillance tools with higher accuracy for early hcc detection, and increasing surveillance adherence.Expert opinion hcc surveillance has been demonstrated to be efficacious in several cohort studies but has lower surveillance effectiveness in clinical practice.Hcc surveillance is currently recommended in all patients with cirrhosis, and improved risk stratification using clinical risk scores, genetic scores, and novel biomarkers are important to move from a 'one-size-fits-all' strategy to one more aligned with values of precision medicine.Current surveillance modalities, ultrasound, and afp, miss over one-third of hcc at an early stage and are associated with potential surveillance harms, underscoring a need for alternative surveillance strategies with higher accuracy.Mri- and biomarker-based surveillance strategies have promising early data in phase ii studies but require validation in phase iii cohorts before routine use in practice.Finally, surveillance is underused in clinical practice, highlighting a need for intervention strategies to increase utilization.

Journal: Expert review of anticancer therapy (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article;Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Apart, but still together: Separated parents living in limbo during COVID-19.

During the covid-19 pandemic, parents face unprecedented challenges linked to social isolation, uncertainty about the future, and financial, employment, and school-related stress.Individuals who planned to separate and divorce before the pandemic now find their lives on hold.In this exploratory study of 14 women who completed an online survey of open- and closed-ended questions regarding the divorce process and parenting challenges during covid-19, we were guided by family stress and resilience theory and a directed qualitative content analysis approach to generate a collective story of their experiences, which included four themes: (a) pile-up of tensions, challenges, and stressors, (b) living in limbo during the pandemic, (c) finding creative strategies and solutions to navigating parenting and relational dissolution, while still living together, and (d) reaching the breaking point.We conclude with implications for professionals seeking to support individuals, couples, and families during a time of unprecedented transition and uncertainty.

Journal: Journal of marital and family therapy (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
Systematic review and meta-analysis of myopia prevalence in African school children.

Increased prevalence of myopia is a major public health challenge worldwide, including in africa.While previous studies have shown an increasing prevalence in africa, there is no collective review of evidence on the magnitude of myopia in african school children.Hence, this study reviews the evidence and provides a meta-analysis of the prevalence of myopia in african school children.Methods this review was conducted using the 2020 preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (prisma) guidelines.Five computerized bibliographic databases, pubmed, scopus, web of science, pro quest, and africa index medicus were searched for published studies on the prevalence of myopia in africa from 1 january 2000 to 18 august 2021.Studies were assessed for methodological quality.Data were gathered by gender, age and refraction technique and standardized to the definition of myopia as refractive error ≥ 0.50 diopter.A meta-analysis was conducted to estimate the prevalence.Significant heterogeneity was detected among the various studies (i2 >50%), hence a random effect model was used, and sensitivity analysis was performed to examine the effects of outliers.Results we included data from 24 quality assessed studies, covering 36,395 african children.The overall crude prevalence of myopia over the last two decades is 4.7% (95% ci, 3.9-5.7) in african children.Although the prevalence of myopia was slightly higher in females (5.3%, 95%ci: 4.1, 6.5) than in males (3.7%, 95% ci, 2.6-4.7; p = 0.297) and higher in older [12-18 years 5.1% (95% ci, 3.8-6.3) than younger children (aged 5-11 years, 3.4%, 95% ci, 2.5-4.4; p = 0.091), the differences were not significant.There was a significantly lower prevalence of myopia with cycloplegic compared with non-cycloplegic refraction [4.2%, 95%ci: 3.3, 5.1 versus 6.4%, 95%ci: 4.4, 8.4; p = 0.046].Conclusions our results showed that myopia affects about one in twenty african schoolchildren, and it is overestimated in non-cycloplegic refraction.Clinical interventions to reduce the prevalence of myopia in the region should target females, and school children who are aged 12-18 years.

Journal: PloS one (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article;Meta-Analysis;Systematic Review
Smartphone fundus photography: a narrative review.

The idea to use smartphone for fundus photography was put forward in 2010.Over the last decade, there has been a dramatic development in this field.This narrative review focuses on the principle of smartphone fundus photography, how to master this technique, problems encountered by the beginners, camera applications/devices designed for this purpose and the safety profile of smartphone flashlights for retinal photoreceptors.Discussion smartphone fundus photography using a condensing lens is based on the same principle as indirect ophthalmoscopy.Smartphone flashlight serves the purpose of light source or illuminating system.Real and inverted image of the retina is focused by the smartphone camera after adjustment of the filming distance.Beginners can face difficulties like adjustment of the filming distance, glare from condensing lens and reflection from the ceiling lights.Mobile camera applications and holding devices designed for this purpose can help the beginners to address these difficulties.There have been safety concerns about photo-biological risk for retinal photoreceptors by flashlight.Although the spectral irradiance on the retina, while using smartphone for fundus imaging is within the safety limits set by iso 15004-2.2.The safety profile of latest model flashlights which deliver more power compared to older flashlights, need to be assessed.Conclusion smartphone fundus photography is a cheap, cost effective, portable and a convenient method for retinal imaging.With practice and use of smartphone camera applications designed for this purpose, the beginners can master this technique.By training young ophthalmology residents and ophthalmic primary caretakers, this retinal imaging technique can be utilized for artificial intelligence, patient diagnostic and educational purposes.

Journal: International journal of retina and vitreous (2021)
Publication types: Journal Article;Review
Modeling mutational effects on biochemical phenotypes using convolutional neural networks: application to SARS-CoV-2.

Deep mutational scanning (dms) experiments have been performed on sars-co v-2's spike receptor-binding domain (rbd) and human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ace2) zinc-binding peptidase domain-both central players in viral infection and evolution and antibody evasion-quantifying how mutations impact biochemical phenotypes.We modeled biochemical phenotypes from massively parallel assays, using neural networks trained on protein sequence mutations in the virus and human host.Neural networks were significantly predictive of binding affinity, protein expression, and antibody escape, learning complex interactions and higher-order features that are difficult to capture with conventional methods from structural biology.Integrating the physicochemical properties of amino acids, such as hydrophobicity and long-range non-bonded energy per atom, significantly improved prediction (empirical p < 0.01).We observed concordance of the neural network predictions with molecular dynamics (multiple 500 ns or 1 μs all-atom) simulations of the spike protein-ace2 interface, with critical implications for the use of deep learning to dissect molecular mechanisms.

Journal: iScience (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
Post-traumatic stress spectrum symptoms in parents of children affected by epilepsy: Gender differences.

To investigate psychopathological reaction to traumatic stress, addressing in particular gender difference, in parental couples of children affected by epilepsy.Methods 50 mothers and 50 fathers, paired for one's child, of children followed at the pediatric unit of a major italian university hospital with a diagnosis of epilepsy were enrolled, screened by means of the semi-structured clinical interview for dsm-5 (scid-5) and filled the trauma and loss spectrum self-report (tals-sr), an international instrument to evaluate post-traumatic stress symptomatology.Results 25 % of the total sample presented a diagnosis of ptsd with a statistically higher prevalence of mothers (36 % and 14 %, respectively; p = .021).Furthermore, 44 % (48 % mothers and 40 % fathers) presented a partial ptsd.Important gender differences emerged also for all cluster dimensions of the tals-sr except for the avoidance.Finally, the analysis of the single items of the tals-sr evidenced that in mothers subgroup prevail cognitive symptoms of fear and sadness as well as somatic manifestations.Conclusions our results point out the differences between mothers and fathers in trauma response and underline the need to develop gender targeted models of healthcare prevention and assistance.

Journal: Seizure (2020)
Publication types: Journal Article
Major determinants of prolonged remission in systemic lupus erythematosus: retrospective study over a 41+ year period.

S to investigate predictors of sustained complete remission (cr) for 3 and 5 years, minimum.Methods retrospective observational study from january 1978 to december 2019, including systemic lupus erythmatosus (sle) patients who attended the lupus clinic in a tertiary hospital, for at least 3 years.We used the bilag score and serological profile to classify patients into cr, serologically active clinically quiescent (sacq) and serological remission (sr).Multivariable cox regression analysis was performed to investigate predictors of cr and kaplan-meier curves were obtained.Results we included 564 patients; 15% achieved cr, 7% sacq and 15% sr.Some 63% attained no remission.In the cr group, 73% sustained the remission for 5 years or more.Patients who did not reach any kind of sustained remission died significantly earlier (p 32 years) [hr 1.92 (1.24-2.97); p = 0.003]; absence of renal involvement [hr 2.55 (1.39-4.67); p = 0.002]; and of antiphospholipid syndrome (aps) [hr 4.92 (1.55-15.59); p = 0.007].Conclusion patients not achieving any kind of sustained remission have a higher risk of early mortality.White ethnicity, older age at diagnosis, absence of renal involvement and of aps were significantly associated with cr.Predictors for sustained cr do not change whether a 3-year or 5-year period is applied.

Journal: Rheumatology (Oxford, England) (2022)
Publication types: Observational Study;Journal Article;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Reducing drug and alcohol use and improving well-being for Indigenous and non-Indigenous Australians using the Community Reinforcement Approach: A feasibility and acceptability study.

There is a lack of evidence of effective and appropriate drug and alcohol treatment for aboriginal and torres strait islander peoples.This paper contributes to addressing the evidence gap by examining the feasibility and acceptability and conducting a pre/post-evaluation of the aboriginal-adapted community reinforcement approach (cra) delivered in new south wales, australia.Aboriginal and non-aboriginal clients (n = 55) received tailored cra delivery between march and november 2013.Compared to the original us version, tailored cra had reduced technical language, reduced number of treatment sessions, and the addition of group delivery option.An australian training manual with local case studies was developed.Alcohol, smoking and substance involvement test (assist), kessler-5 (k-5) and the growth empowerment measure were used.58% of participants were followed-up at 3 months.Tailored cra was feasible to deliver in a rural, community-based health setting, and rated by clients as highly effective and acceptable.Cra was associated with statistically significant reductions in the use of alcohol, tobacco, cannabis, amphetamine and over the counter medication, and levels of psychological distress, and an increase in levels of empowerment for aboriginal and non-aboriginal clients.This study provides evidence for the feasibility and acceptability of an aboriginal-adapted psychological intervention addressing drug, alcohol and mental health outcomes.

Journal: International journal of psychology : Journal international de psychologie (2020)
Publication types: Journal Article
Effect of low-power diode laser on infected root canals.

This study evaluated the effect of photodynamic therapy (pdt) on infected root canals.Twenty-one human teeth were selected, and 18 were infected by e.Faecalis for 60 days.The antimicrobial strategies tested were: g1.Root canal preparation (rcp) using niquel-titanium (ni ti) rotary instruments, 2.5% na ocl, and final irrigation with 17% edta, followed by pdt with methylene blue photosensitizer and laser diode low power; g2.Rcp using stainless steel files and the same irrigation and pdt protocols as g1; g3.Same rcp protocol as g1 without pdt; g4.Only irrigation with 2.5% na ocl; g5.Same pdt protocol as g1 without rcp; g6.Negative control; g7.Positive control.Samples for microbiological tests were collected initially (s1), after rcp (s2), and after pdt (s3).Subsequently, the roots were sectioned and prepared for scanning electron microscopy (sem) analysis.Bacterial growth was analyzed according to the turbidity of the culture medium, followed by spectrophotometric optical density (nm).The effect of pdt on the dentinal structure was evaluated at magnifications 1,600x and 5,000x and described qualitatively.The wilcoxon test was used for the comparisons from the same specimens, and the mann-whitney test was used to compare groups ((=5%).Bacteria were found in all experimental groups' microbiological samples (s1, s2 and s3).The optical density of culture media was lower in s2 than in s1 of g1, 2, 3, and 4 (p> 0.05).After pdt (s3) in g1 and 2, there was an additional reduction in optical density of the culture medium, respectively (p>0.05).In group 5, the analysis of culture media at s2 revealed an increase in optical density compared to s1(p>0.05).In sem images of g1, 2, and 5, dentin with melting and recrystallization areas were evidenced.After preparation of the root canal with the rotary system or manually associated with 2.5% na ocl, pdt was not able to completely eliminate e.Faecalis present in the root canal.

Journal: Brazilian dental journal (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
Osteotomies for the Treatment of Adult Spinal Deformities: A Critical Analysis Review.

» spinal osteotomies are powerful deformity correction techniques that may be associated with serious complications.» the anatomical spinal osteotomy classification system proposes 6 grades of resection corresponding to different anatomic bone, disc, facet, and ligament interventions.» surgeons should be aware of the nuances of 3-column osteotomies with regard to spinal level selection, construct composition, and posterior column reconstruction and closure techniques.» there is a global tendency toward avoiding 3-column osteotomies as much as possible because of the growing evidence regarding the effectiveness of posterior column osteotomies and halo-gravity traction.

Journal: JBJS reviews (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
The first year of COVID-19 vaccine roll-out in Africa: challenges and lessons learned.

Introduction in the first year following the introduction of covid-19 vaccines, only 6.8% of the total population in the 47 countries in the who african region have received full vaccination.In an emergency context, the intra-action review helps countries to assess their progress and document what has worked and not worked.Methods we reviewed and identified the key lessons and challenges documented in the reports from intra-action review of covid vaccine roll out in 22 african countries.Results all countries documented high level political commitment, but a serious shortage of covid-19 vaccines and funding.Seven countries identified gaps in microplanning because of lack of funding or due to the unpredictability in the type and volume of vaccine supplies.The shortage of operational funding also affected training of health workers and hampered the expansion of service delivery.The countries implemented multi-channel communications and social mobilisation activities, alongside social media engagement and social listening.However, country capacity was limited in terms of timely responding to infodemics.Hesitancy among health workers and the general population was a challenge in most of the countries.Conclusion countries have gained valuable experiences exploring various covid-19 vaccination delivery models, including implementing the integration of covid-19 vaccination within routine health care programs.There is a need to regularly monitor or do studies measuring public perceptions towards covid-19 vaccination in order to drive the demand generation efforts, as well as use evidence in addressing hesitancy.

Journal: The Pan African medical journal (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article;Review
Nano-Biohybrid DNA Engager That Reprograms the T-Cell Receptor.

Although engineered t cells with transgenic chimeric antigen receptors (cars) have made a breakthrough in cancer therapeutics, this approach still faces many challenges in the specificity, efficacy, and self-safety of genetic engineering.Here, we developed a nano-biohybrid dna engager-reprogrammed t-cell receptor (en-tcr) system to improve the specificity and efficacy, mitigate the excessive activation, and shield against risks from transgenesis, thus achieving a diversiform and precise control of the t-cell response.Utilizing modular assembly, the en-tcr system can graft different specificities on t cells via antibody assembly.Besides, the designability of dna hybridization enables precise target recognition by the library of multiantigen cell recognition circuits and allows gradual tuning of the t-cell activation level by the signaling switch and independent control over different types of t cells.Furthermore, we demonstrated the effectiveness of the system in tumor models.Together, this study provides a nongenetic t-cell engineering strategy to overcome major hindrances in t-cell therapy and may be extended to a general and convenient cell engineering strategy.

Journal: Journal of the American Chemical Society (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Assessment of agricultural waste-derived activated carbon in multiple applications.

To minimize waste production and reduce reliance on fossil fuels, agricultural waste such as rice straw has been actively used in biochemical production.In taiwan, cellulosic waste has been used in anaerobic digestion for bioethanol production.This process produces a large amount of biomass-associated sludge that may become a serious environmental issue.Therefore, in this study, the anaerobic digestion sludge was recycled for the production of activated carbon via pyrolysis and activation by koh.Surface characterization showed increased surface area and development of microporous structure upon activation.The ftir image showed that high temperature activation eliminated most functional groups in the activated carbon, except for co and c-o groups.The results showed that the activated carbon could be used for pollutant adsorbents such as molecular dyes (methylene blue: 217 mg g-1) and metal ions (copper: 169 mg g-1) from aqueous solution.In addition, the as-synthesized activated carbon can be used for co2capture and capacitor.Instead of focusing on one single application, we proposed that centralized production of activated carbon could be used in various applications, while further modification could be adopted depending on the need of its specific application.

Journal: Environmental research (2020)
Publication types: Journal Article;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Intravenous Immunoglobulin Combined With Corticosteroids for the Treatment of Stevens-Johnson Syndrome/Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis: A Propensity-Matched Retrospective Study in China.

Stevens-johnson syndrome (sjs) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (ten) are rare but life-threatening severe adverse drug reactions.The use of corticosteroids and intravenous immunoglobulin (ivig) in sjs/ten remains controversial.methods:in this single-center, observational, propensity-matched, retrospective study, we collected a total of 224 patients with sjs/ten who were hospitalized in our department from 2008 to 2019; according to treatment with ivig combined with corticosteroids or with corticosteroids alone, patients were divided into combination therapeutic group (163 patients) and monotherapeutic group (61 patients).Patients from the two groups were matched by their propensity score in blocks of 2:1.Comparisons of the clinical characteristics and prognoses between propensity-matched sjs/ten patients treated with ivig combined with corticosteroids and corticosteroids alone were made.results:after our propensity matching, a total of 145 patients were yielded, including 93 patients treated with ivig and 52 patients not treated with ivig.All of the 23 variables reflected good matching between patients treated with/without ivig, and no significant difference was observed.Although there was no significant difference between the totally predicted and actual mortality in both of our groups, the actual mortality was lower than it was predicted in patients treated with ivig [p> 0.250, the standardized mortality ratio (smr) was 0.38, 95% ci 0.00-0.91] and patients treated without ivig (p= 1.000, the smr was 0.75, 95% ci 0.00-1.76).Ivig tended toward reducing the time to arrest of progression by 1.56 days (p= 0.000) and the length of hospital stay by 3.37 days (p= 0.000).The mortality rate was 45% lower for patients treated with ivig combined with corticosteroids than those only treated with corticosteroid therapy, although it was not statistically significant (p= 0.555).The incidence of skin infections was significantly lower in the combined therapy group (p< 0.025), and the total infection rate of patients treated with combination therapy tended to decrease by 67% compared to patients treated with corticosteroids alone (p= 0.047).conclusion:the actual mortality rate of patients treated with corticosteroids alone or ivig combined with corticosteroids tended to be lower than those predicted by ten-specific severity-of-illness score (scorten), although there was no significance.Compared with those treated by corticosteroids alone, combination therapy was prone to bring a better prognosis for sjs/ten patients.

Journal: Frontiers in pharmacology (2021)
Publication types: Journal Article