syedzayyan/paper_mill_benchmark huggingface dataset:
Latent Class Analysis of Prescribing Behavior of Primary Care Physicians in the Veterans Health Administration.

Benzodiazepines, opioids, proton-pump inhibitors (ppis), and antibiotics are frequently prescribed inappropriately by primary care physicians (pcps), without sufficient consideration of alternative options or adverse effects.We hypothesized that distinct groups of pcps could be identified based on their propensity to prescribe these medications.Objective to identify pcp groups based on their propensity to prescribe benzodiazepines, opioids, ppis, and antibiotics, and patient and pcp characteristics associated with identified prescribing patterns.Design retrospective cohort study using va data and latent class regression analyses to identify prescribing patterns among pcps and examine the association of patient and pcp characteristics with class membership.Participants a total of 2524 full-time pcps and their patient panels (n = 2,939,636 patients), from january 1, 2017, to december 31, 2018.Main measures we categorized pcps based on prescribing volume quartiles for the four drug classes, based on total days' supply dispensed of each medication by the pcp to their patients (expressed as days' supply per 1000 panel patient-days).We used latent class analysis to group pcps based on prescribing and used multinomial logistic regression to examine patient and pcp characteristics associated with latent class membership.Key results pcps were categorized into four groups (latent classes): low intensity (23% of cohort), medium-intensity overall/high-intensity ppi (36%), medium-intensity overall/high-intensity opioid (20%), and high intensity (21%).Pcps in the high-intensity group were predominantly in the highest quartile of prescribers for all four drugs (68% in the highest quartile for benzodiazepine, 86% opioids, 64% ppis, 62% antibiotics).High-intensity pcps (vs.Low intensity) were substantially less likely to be female (or: 0.30, 95% ci: 0.21-0.42) or practice in the northeast versus other census regions (or: 0.10, 95% ci: 0.06-0.17).Conclusions va pcps can be classified into four clearly differentiated groups based on their prescribing of benzodiazepines, opioids, ppis, and antibiotics, suggesting an underlying typology of prescribing.High-intensity pcps were more likely to be male.

Journal: Journal of general internal medicine (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article;Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't;Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
Investigation on wound healing effect of Mediterranean medicinal plants and some related phenolic compounds: A review.

Ethnopharmacological relevance the human skin constitutes a biological barrier against external stress and wounds can reduce the role of its physiological structure.In medical sciences, wounds are considered a major problem that requires urgent intervention.For centuries, medicinal plants have been used in the mediterranean countries for many purposes and against wounds.Aim of this review provides an outlook on the mediterranean medicinal plants used in wound healing.Furthermore, the wound healing effect of polyphenolic compounds and their chemical structures are also summarized.Moreover, we discussed the wound healing process, the structure of the skin, and the current therapies in wound healing.Materials and methods the search was performed in several databases such as science direct, pub med, google scholar, scopus, and web of science.The following keywords were used individually and/or in combination: the mediterranean, wound healing, medicinal plants, phenolic compounds, composition, flavonoid, tannin.Results the wound healing process is distinguished by four phases, which are respectively, hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling.The mediterranean medicinal plants are widely used in the treatment of wounds.The finding showed that eighty-nine species belonging to forty families were evaluated for their wound-healing effect in this area.The asteraceae family was the most reported family with 12 species followed by lamiaceae (11 species).Tunisia, egypt, morocco, and algeria were the countries where these plants are frequently used in wound healing.In addition to medicinal plants, results showed that nineteen phenolic compounds from different classes are used in wound treatment.Tyrosol, hydroxytyrosol, curcumin, luteolin, chrysin, rutin, kaempferol, quercetin, icariin, morin, epigallocatechin gallate, taxifolin, silymarin, hesperidin, naringin, isoliquiritin, puerarin, genistein, and daidzein were the main compounds that showed wound-healing effect.Conclusion in conclusion, medicinal plants and polyphenolic compounds provide therapeutic evidence in wound healing and for the development of new drugs in this field.

Journal: Journal of ethnopharmacology (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article;Review
Stomatal density and mechanics are critical for high productivity: insights from amphibious ferns.

Angiosperm dominance in terrestrial landscapes is partially attributable to high photosynthetic capacities.Angiosperms benefit from diverse anatomical and physiological adaptations, making it difficult to determine which factors may have been prerequisites for the evolution of enhanced photosynthetic rates in this group.We employed a novel approach to this problem: comparisons between angiosperms and marsileaceae, a family of semi-aquatic ferns that are among the only land plants to match angiosperm photosynthetic rates.We found that marsileaceae have very high stomatal densities and, like angiosperms but unlike all other ferns previously studied, exhibit wrong-way stomatal responses to excision.These results suggest that stomatal density and a little-studied angiosperm trait, the capacity for lateral displacement of guard cells into neighboring epidermal cells, are crucial for facilitating high rates of gas exchange.Our analysis also associates these adaptations in marsileaceae with an increased risk of excessive water loss during drought.Our findings indicate that evolution in stomatal physiology was a prerequisite for high photosynthetic capacities in vascular plants and a key driver of the abrupt cretaceous rise of the angiosperms.

Journal: The New phytologist (2021)
Publication types: Journal Article;Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural;Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
Measuring the quality of life of long-term care service users in Japan: a cross-sectional questionnaire study.

In japan's super-aging society, the number of long-term care service providers is increasing, and the quality of care is a matter of concern.One aspect of the quality of care is the user's quality of life.The questionnaires eq-5d and who-5 are representative indicators of quality of life.Herein, we aimed to measure the quality of life in long-term care service users in japan and to clarify the relationship between quality of life and the level of care required.Methods a questionnaire study was conducted in 106 facilities of 22 corporations.In addition to the eq-5d and who-5, sex, age, and the level of care required were assessed by descriptive statistics.Bonferroni's multiple comparison test was used to analyze each quality of life score, and the differences by sex and age were analyzed multiple regression analyses, with each quality of life score as the objective variable.Results of 4647 cases collected, 2830 were analyzed, with no missing data.Both indicators tended to be lower than the general older population.Those scores tended to be higher in females than males (eq-5d: males, 0.58 ± 0.26; females, 0.60 ± 0.24; p = 0.06 and who-5: males, 13.8 ± 5.92; females 14.9 ± 5.70; p < 0.001).In terms of age, those under 65 years old with specific diseases had lower eq-5d scores than those in other age groups (p < 0.001); however, who-5 scores did not differ by age.Multiple regression analysis showed a significant association between the eq-5d score and level of care required, except for support-required level 1, which tended to worsen as the level of care required increased.Conversely, the who-5 score was significantly lower for care need levels 2, 4, and 5.Conclusions the quality of life of long-term care service users was worse than that of the general older population, it tended to be low among males and those under 65 years old with specific diseases.Furthermore, it gradually decreased as the level of care required increased.It is important to monitor users' quality of life as a quality indicator of care, to improve and manage it.

Journal: BMC geriatrics (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Isotopic analysis of otolith carbonates using laser heating: A fast method for obtaining high-resolution climate signal.

Rationale the stable isotopic compositions of biogenic carbonates like fish otoliths (ear bones) are widely used for palaeoclimatic reconstruction.The conventional method using acid-digestion of micro-milled samples is a multi-step time-consuming process.Here we report a fast method based on laser heating of otolith carbonates to obtain accurate and high-resolution stable isotopic compositions.Method otoliths of catfish from the gulf of kutch were analysed to check the precision, accuracy and time-resolution of the isotope ratios.The co2, generated by heating otoliths with a 50 w co2laser, was analysed for its oxygen and carbon isotope ratio [δ18o and δ13c, with precision: 0.12 and 0.17‰ (1σ), accuracy: 0.13 and 0.25‰, respectively] using a continuous-flow isotope ratio mass spectrometer.The effect of laser power (0.7-2 w) was assessed for reproducible data.Samples were roasted and analysed to account for the effect of the inherent organic matter on the isotopic values.Results roasting did not alter the δ18o of the otoliths but increased the δ13c slightly.High-resolution (125 μm) analysis of the right and left otolith of a fish yielded similar δ18o and δ13c values, suggesting the suitability of either of them for deriving the climate signal.An increase in δ18o values from ~ -2‰ to ~ -1‰, observed across the ontogeny, is consistent with the known migratory behaviour of the catfish between freshwater and the sea.Conclusions the otolith δ18o value of an adult fish records the sea surface temperature (with ~3°c uncertainty) on a monthly scale.The otolith δ13c values, with the knowledge of dietary δ13c, provide the mean annual δ13c value of dissolved inorganic carbon.The study provides a rapid method for retrieving high-resolution seasonal climate data from otoliths found aplenty in geological/archaeological records.

Journal: Rapid communications in mass spectrometry : RCM (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori among residents and their environments in the Nara prefecture, Japan.

Chronic infection with helicobacter pylori, specifically cag a-positive strains, is associated with gastric cancer.Thus, measures to prevent h.Pylori infection are required.This study was conducted to clarify the prevalence of h.Pylori in the community to identify the infection source and comprehensively assess the risk of h.Pylori infection.Methods we collected 90 human faecal samples and 73 environmental samples (water, vegetable, and animal faecal samples) from the residents in an area with a high incidence of gastric cancer in japan.Polymerase chain reaction assay was performed to detect the glm m housekeeping gene and the cag a virulence gene of h.Pylori.A questionnaire survey was conducted, and the responses were analyzed statistically.Results the glm m gene was detected in 18 of 90 (20%) faecal samples obtained from residents; among them, the cag a gene was detected in 33.3% (6/18), and in all who had undergone eradication therapy.H.Pylori was not detected in environmental samples.However, contact with dogs (or 3.89, 95% ci 1.15-13.15, p < 0.05) was associated with higher odds for glm m gene positivity in the questionnaire survey.Conclusions the prevalence of h.Pylori and cag a-positive strains among the residents was low.However, the study results suggest a correlation between recurrent infection and cag a-positive h.Pylori strains.Although h.Pylori genes were not detected in living environments, an association between contact with dogs and a glm m positive status was revealed.Further investigations targeting community-dwelling healthy people and their living environments would be required for h.Pylori infection control.

Journal: Journal of infection and public health (2021)
Publication types: Journal Article
Modeling intracranial electrodes. A simulation platform for the evaluation of localization algorithms.

Introduction intracranial electrodes are implanted in patients with drug-resistant epilepsy as part of their pre-surgical evaluation.This allows the investigation of normal and pathological brain functions with excellent spatial and temporal resolution.The spatial resolution relies on methods that precisely localize the implanted electrodes in the cerebral cortex, which is critical for drawing valid inferences about the anatomical localization of brain function.Multiple methods have been developed to localize the electrodes, mainly relying on pre-implantation mri and post-implantation computer tomography (ct) images.However, they are hard to validate because there is no ground truth data to test them and there is no standard approach to systematically quantify their performance.In other words, their validation lacks standardization.Our work aimed to model intracranial electrode arrays and simulate realistic implantation scenarios, thereby providing localization algorithms with new ways to evaluate and optimize their performance.Results we implemented novel methods to model the coordinates of implanted grids, strips, and depth electrodes, as well as the ct artifacts produced by these.We successfully modeled realistic implantation scenarios, including different sizes, inter-electrode distances, and brain areas.In total, ∼3,300 grids and strips were fitted over the brain surface, and ∼850 depth electrode arrays penetrating the cortical tissue were modeled.Realistic ct artifacts were simulated at the electrode locations under 12 different noise levels.Altogether, ∼50,000 thresholded ct artifact arrays were simulated in these scenarios, and validated with real data from 17 patients regarding the coordinates' spatial deformation, and the ct artifacts' shape, intensity distribution, and noise level.Finally, we provide an example of how the simulation platform is used to characterize the performance of two cluster-based localization methods.Conclusion we successfully developed the first platform to model implanted intracranial grids, strips, and depth electrodes and realistically simulate thresholded ct artifacts and their noise.These methods provide a basis for developing more complex models, while simulations allow systematic evaluation of the performance of electrode localization techniques.The methods described in this article, and the results obtained from the simulations, are freely available via open repositories.A graphical user interface implementation is also accessible via the open-source i electrodes toolbox.

Journal: Frontiers in neuroinformatics (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
Glycopolymers/PEI complexes as serum-tolerant vectors for enhanced gene delivery to hepatocytes.

Serum stability is a crucial factor for ideal polymeric gene vectors.In this work, a series of serum-tolerant and low-toxicity glycopolymers/poly(ethyleneimine) (pei) complexes were designed for gene delivery.Atomic transfer radical polymerization (atrp) was used to synthesize the comb-shaped random copolymers dextran-g-poly(2-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate-co-2-lactobionamidoethyl methacrylate) (ddr l).Then ddr ls/pei were investigated for their use as plasmid dna (p dna) vectors, which can completely condense the p dna into nanoparticles.The ddr ls/pei/p dna complexes in serum-containing media showed better stability than pei/p dna complexes.In vitro gene transfection studies showed that ddr ls/pei exhibited a remarkable transfection efficiency enhancement in the presence of serum compared to that in serum-free conditions.Moreover, the transfection level of ddr ls/pei were two orders of magnitude higher than that of pei alone in the presence of 30% serum.Ddr ls/pei complexes with galactose enhanced p dna delivery to hepatocytes, with higher protein expression in asgpr-presenting hep g2 than in he la cells, which lack the receptor.All of the ddr ls/pei/p dna complexes had lower cytotoxicity than pei/p dna.

Journal: Carbohydrate polymers (2019)
Publication types: Journal Article
Measurement of Serum IgG Anti-Integrin αvβ6 Autoantibodies Is a Promising Tool in the Diagnosis of Ulcerative Colitis.

Ig g anti-integrin αvβ6 autoantibodies (ig g anti-αvβ6) have been described as highly sensitive and specific markers of ulcerative colitis (uc) in the sera of japanese inflammatory bowel disease (ibd) patients.We aimed to evaluate the diagnostic performance of ig g anti-αvβ6 as a biomarker in swedish patients with ibd or irritable bowel syndrome (ibs).The study included adult uc (n = 59), crohn’s disease (cd, n = 38), and ibs patients (n = 100).Partial mayo score and harvey−bradshaw index were used to assess disease severity for uc and cd, respectively.Serum levels of ig g anti-αvβ6, reported as absorbance units (au), were measured using an in-house elisa where the 95th percentile of 76 healthy controls defined positivity.Faecal calprotectin (f cp) was measured using a commercial assay.The majority of the ibd patients were on medical treatment, and many were in remission (uc: 40.7%; cd: 47.4%).Seventy-one percent of the uc patients, 74.2% of cd patients, and 23.1% of the ibs patients had f cp test results >50 mg/kg.The uc group had significantly higher ig g anti-αvβ6 levels (median: 1.76 au) than the cd and ibs groups (0.34 and 0.31 au, both p < 0.0001).The diagnostic sensitivity of ig g anti-αvβ6 in uc was 76.3%, and the specificities were 79.0% (vs.Cd) and 96.0% (vs.Ibs).The ig g anti-αvβ6 levels related to disease severity of the uc patients (p < 0.01−0.05).Our study shows that ig g anti-αvβ6 is associated with uc in swedish ibd patients and that the levels of the autoantibodies reflect disease severity.Ig g anti-αvβ6 could be an attractive complement to f cp in the diagnostic work up of ibd patients.

Journal: Journal of clinical medicine (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
Quantifying Retinal Microvascular Morphology in Schizophrenia Using Swept-Source Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography.

Retinovascular changes are reported on fundus imaging in schizophrenia (sz).This is the first study to use swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography (oct-a) to comprehensively examine retinal microvascular changes in sz.Methods this study included 30 patients with sz/schizoaffective disorder (8 early and 15 chronic) and 22 healthy controls (hcs).All assessments were performed at beth israel deaconess medical center and massachusetts eye and ear.All participants underwent swept-source oct-a of right (oculus dextrus [od]) and left (oculus sinister [os]) eye, clinical, and cognitive assessments.Macular oct-a images (6 × 6 mm) were collected with the dri topcon triton for superficial, deep, and choriocapillaris vascular regions.Microvasculature was quantified using vessel density (vd), skeletonized vessel density (svd), fractal dimension (fd), and vessel diameter index (vdi).Results twenty-one hcs and 26 sz subjects were included.Compared to hcs, sz patients demonstrated higher overall od superficial svd, od choriocapillaris vd, and od choriocapillaris svd, which were primarily observed in the central, central and outer superior, and central and outer inferior/superior, respectively.Early-course sz subjects had significantly higher od superficial vd, od choriocapillaris svd, and od choriocapillaris fd compared to matched hcs.Higher bilateral (ou) superficial vd correlated with lower positive and negative syndrome scale (panss) positive scores, and higher ou deep vdi was associated with higher panss negative scores.Conclusions and relevance these results suggest the presence of microvascular dysfunction associated with early-stage sz.Clinical associations with microvascular alterations further implicate this hypothesis, with higher measures being associated with worse symptom severity and functioning in early stages and with lower symptom severity and better functioning in later stages.

Journal: Schizophrenia bulletin (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article;Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Assessment of the serum glucose/potassium GLU/K ratio as a predictor of intermediate syndrome following acute anticholinesterase exposure.

The widespread use of anticholinesterase-containing pesticides accounts for the considerable morbidity and mortality in egypt and worldwide.Aim few studies have investigated the predictors of intermediate syndrome (ims).Therefore, in this study, we assessed the adequacy of the serum glucose/potassium (glu/k) ratio as an early reliable tool to predict ims incidence following intoxication with acute anticholinesterase compounds.Methods a prospective cross-sectional study was conducted among patients who presented to tanta university poison control center, egypt, and were diagnosed with acute anticholinesterase intoxication between january and august, 2021.Patients were categorized based on the primary outcome into ims (+) and ims (-) groups.Results overall, 243 patients were included, among whom 44 (18.1%) had ims as the complication.Younger individuals with age ranging between 18 and 41.07%, the glu/k ratio could significantly predict ims (areas under the curves = 0.971, p < 0.001) with 93% accuracy, 93.2% sensitivity, and 93% specificity.Conclusion although the clear pathophysiology of ims remains to be elucidated, our results provide insight into the significant contribution of neurological affection, apart from the well-known direct toxic effect on muscles.Moreover, we demonstrated a significant association between the development of ims and severity of organophosphorus compounds' exposure.Physicians should be vigilant to detect ims early upon admission using the glu/k ratio, which is a useful early ims predictor.

Journal: Neurotoxicology (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
Secure attachment primes reduce fear consolidation.

Recent studies have found that attachment security primes can inhibit fear acquisition.This current study aimed to examine whether a brief imaginal prime of one's attachment figure could impact on fear consolidation.Methods a total of 75 participants underwent fear conditioning on day 1 and fear recall was tested on day 2.Immediately following conditioning, half the participants were instructed to imagine an attachment figure while the other half imagined a nonattachment positive situation.Fear-potentiated startle and subjective expectancy of shock ratings were used as the measures of fear learning across trials.Results the attachment group showed significantly lower levels of fear recall on day 2 at both physiological and subjective levels.Furthermore, this effect was moderated by attachment anxiety, such that it was greatest for individuals who were securely attached.Conclusions these findings suggest that attachment relationships are protective during the consolidation of fear memories, and may have implications for how social attachments may impact how anxiety disorders can develop.

Journal: Depression and anxiety (2021)
Publication types: Journal Article;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't