syedzayyan/paper_mill_benchmark huggingface dataset:
A Possible Sterilizing Cure of HIV-1 Infection Without Stem Cell Transplantation.

A sterilizing cure of hiv-1 infection has been reported in 2 persons living with hiv-1 who underwent allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantations from donors who were homozygous for the ccr5δ32 gene polymorphism.However, this has been considered elusive during natural infection.Objective to evaluate persistent hiv-1 reservoir cells in an elite controller with undetectable hiv-1 viremia for more than 8 years in the absence of antiretroviral therapy.Design detailed investigation of virologic and immunologic characteristics.Setting tertiary care centers in buenos aires, argentina, and boston, massachusetts.Patient a patient with hiv-1 infection and durable drug-free suppression of hiv-1 replication.Measurements analysis of genome-intact and replication-competent hiv-1 using near-full-length individual proviral sequencing and viral outgrowth assays, respectively; analysis of hiv-1 plasma rna by ultrasensitive hiv-1 viral load testing.Results no genome-intact hiv-1 proviruses were detected in analysis of a total of 1.188 billion peripheral blood mononuclear cells and 503 million mononuclear cells from placental tissues.Seven defective proviruses, some of them derived from clonally expanded cells, were detected.A viral outgrowth assay failed to retrieve replication-competent hiv-1 from 150 million resting cd4+t cells.No hiv-1 rna was detected in 4.5 m l of plasma.Limitations absence of evidence for intact hiv-1 proviruses in large numbers of cells is not evidence of absence of intact hiv-1 proviruses.A sterilizing cure of hiv-1 can never be empirically proved.Conclusion genome-intact and replication-competent hiv-1 were not detected in an elite controller despite analysis of massive numbers of cells from blood and tissues, suggesting that this patient may have naturally achieved a sterilizing cure of hiv-1 infection.These observations raise the possibility that a sterilizing cure may be an extremely rare but possible outcome of hiv-1 infection.Primary funding source national institutes of health and bill & melinda gates foundation.

Journal: Annals of internal medicine (2022)
Publication types: Case Reports;Journal Article;Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural;Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Pollution and risk assessment of heavy metals in rivers in the antimony capital of Xikuangshan.

Xikuangshan (xks) is the world's largest antimony mining region, and its exploitation for hundreds of years has also resulted in serious soil erosion, fragile ecology, contaminated water, and shortage water.Through systematic and scientific collection samples from the rivers in xks, the nemerow index (ni), modified heavy metal pollution index (m-hpi), ecological risk index, and health risk indexeswere used to evaluate and analyze the water quality, pollution levels and risks of heavy metals (sb, as, mn, pb, zn, hg, cd) to ecology and humans in xks.The results showed that the average concentrations of tn, tp, sb, as and hg in surface water were 0.48 mg/l (0-4.34 mg/l), 2.58 mg/l (0-4.34 mg/l), 1.05 mg/l (0.0009-5.33 mg/l), 1.06 mg/l (bdl-19.60 mg/l) and 0.00084 mg/l (ldbl-0.0036 mg/l), respectively, exceeding the limits of the chinese surface water quality standards.Based on the m-hpi method, only 8.57% of the sampling points are classified as the worst water quality.However, according to the ni method, about 7.14% and 87.16% of the sampling points in the study area are moderately and severely polluted, respectively.The results of heavy metal pollution based on the ni evaluation is were more serious than that on the m-hpi method.The values of ecological risk assessment varied from 22.69 to 7351.20, revealed that heavy metals pose a very serious risk to the surface water ecosystem at more than 50% of the sampling sites, and sb and as are the main pollutants, followed by hg.The total non-carcinogenic risk index (tcr) for adults and children were 47.70 and 90.10 respectively, sb and as is the main non-carcinogenic risk factor.For adults and children, the average carcinogenic risk (cr) of as was 6.49 × 10-3and 1.05 × 10-2, respectively, and exceeded the threshold of 1 × 10-4, indicating a high carcinogenic risk.

Journal: Scientific reports (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Study of the Fluidized Separation Process of Irregular Coarse-Grained Pulverized Coal Agglomerates Based on Modified Computational Fluid Dynamics-Population Balance Method.

In this work, the agglomeration, fragmentation, and separation process of coarse-grained pulverized coal agglomerates (cgpca) obtained from a power plant were achieved using gas-solid fluidized bed sorting and analyzed through a combination of numerical simulations and actual experiments with cgpca.To study the polydispersity and irregularity of cgpca, the cgpca surface fractal dimension was calculated using fractal dimension combined with scanning electron microscopy.The two-section fractal dimension of the particle size distribution was obtained by fitting the logarithmic particle size distribution of cgpca.On the basis of the obtained data, the polydisperse particle drag force model, the agglomeration kernel function, and the breakage kernel function were modified.Thus, an irregular polydisperse gas-solid two-phase eulerian-eulerian model was constructed to simulate the sorting process of cgpca in the fluidized bed.The results of the numerical simulation investigation were compared with the experimental results and showed that the simulation data, which considered the two section fractal dimension, was in better agreement with the experimental results.The cumulative logarithmic distribution of cgpca's size was segmented and fitted.The values of the two section fractals of the agglomerates were determined as d= 1.014 and d= 2.401, respectively.Analysis revealed that the optimal separation efficiency working condition in the simulation process, providing the highest separation efficiency of 54.7%, was generated at air velocity of 1.21 m/s.

Journal: ACS omega (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
Automatic Facial Palsy Diagnosis as a Classification Problem Using Regional Information Extracted from a Photograph.

The incapability to move the facial muscles is known as facial palsy, and it affects various abilities of the patient, for example, performing facial expressions.Recently, automatic approaches aiming to diagnose facial palsy using images and machine learning algorithms have emerged, focusing on providing an objective evaluation of the paralysis severity.This research proposes an approach to analyze and assess the lesion severity as a classification problem with three levels: healthy, slight, and strong palsy.The method explores the use of regional information, meaning that only certain areas of the face are of interest.Experiments carrying on multi-class classification tasks are performed using four different classifiers to validate a set of proposed hand-crafted features.After a set of experiments using this methodology on available image databases, great results are revealed (up to 95.61% of correct detection of palsy patients and 95.58% of correct assessment of the severity level).This perspective leads us to believe that the analysis of facial paralysis is possible with partial occlusions if face detection is accomplished and facial features are obtained adequately.The results also show that our methodology is suited to operate with other databases while attaining high performance, even though the image conditions are different and the participants do not perform equivalent facial expressions.

Journal: Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
Oxytocin reactivity to the therapeutic encounter as a biomarker of change in the treatment of depression.

Depression affects millions worldwide, thus underscoring the urgent need to optimize health care practices.To better understand the processes involved in psychotherapy gains, studies have emphasized the need to complement subjective reports with objective measures, in particular biological markers.Oxytocin (ot) has been proposed as a potential biomarker in the treatment of depression given its involvement in depression-related psychological and physiological functions and the formation of close relationships.Here, we assessed whether ot reactivity to therapeutic encounters (absolute and/or directional reactivity) is linked to improvements in depressive symptoms from session to session during psychotherapy.A total of 284 saliva samples were collected from 30 adult clients who underwent 16 sessions of manualized psychodynamic psychotherapy for depression in a university setting.Salivary ot was measured before and after five preselected sessions distributed evenly throughout the therapy.The beck depression inventory-ii (bdi-ii) was administered at the beginning of each session.Multilevel growth models indicated that clients exhibiting greater absolute ot reactivity showed greater improvement in depressive symptoms throughout treatment.Directional reactivity was not associated with depressive symptom change.In addition, clients with higher baseline ot levels displayed less change in depressive symptoms.These findings highlight reactivity of the ot system, in either direction, as an important feature of the treatment response.Consistent with recent models of the neurobiology of resilience, ot reactivity appears to serve as an important biomarker of psychotherapy gain in the treatment of depression.(psyc info database record (c) 2022 apa, all rights reserved).

Journal: Journal of counseling psychology (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
Social dynamics and individual hunting tactics of white sharks revealed by biologging.

Social foraging, where animals forage in groups, takes many forms but is less studied in marine predators as measuring social associations in the wild is challenging.We used biologging (activity, cameras and telemetry receivers) sensors to measure social associations and simultaneous behaviour, in white sharks (carcharodon carcharias) off guadalupe island, mexico.Animal-borne telemetry receivers revealed that sharks varied in the number of associations they formed and occurred most often when sharks were swimming in straight paths or when they were turning frequently.While many associations were likely random, there was evidence of some stronger associations.Sharks varied in the depths they used and their activity, with some individuals more active in shallow water while others were more active 200-300 m deep.We propose that white sharks associate with other individuals so they can inadvertently share information on the location or remains of large prey.However, there may be a wide range of individual variability in both behaviour and sociality.Biologging now enables social associations of animals to be measured, concurrent with measures of their behaviour, so that social foraging of large marine predators can be quantified in the wild.

Journal: Biology letters (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Embodied Space-pitch Associations are Shaped by Language.

Height-pitch associations are claimed to be universal and independent of language, but this claim remains controversial.The present study sheds new light on this debate with a multimodal analysis of individual sound and melody descriptions obtained in an interactive communication paradigm with speakers of dutch and farsi.The findings reveal that, in contrast to dutch speakers, farsi speakers do not use a height-pitch metaphor consistently in speech.Both dutch and farsi speakers' co-speech gestures did reveal a mapping of higher pitches to higher space and lower pitches to lower space, and this gesture space-pitch mapping tended to co-occur with corresponding spatial words (high-low).However, this mapping was much weaker in farsi speakers than dutch speakers.This suggests that cross-linguistic differences shape the conceptualization of pitch and further calls into question the universality of height-pitch associations.

Journal: Cognitive science (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Layer-by-Layer Growth of AA-Stacking MoS2for Tunable Broadband Phototransistors.

The stacking configuration has been considered as an important additional degree of freedom to tune the physical property of layered materials, such as superconductivity and interlayer excitons.However, the facile growth of highly uniform stacking configuration is still a challenge.Herein, the aa-stacking mo s2domains with a ratio up to 99.5% has been grown by using the modified chemical vapor deposition through introducing na cl molecules in the confined space.By tuning the growth time, mo s2domains would transit from an aa-stacking bilayer to an aaaaa-stacking five-layer.The epitaxial growth mechanism has been insightfully studied, revealing that the critical nucleation size of the aa-stacking bilayer is 5.0 ± 3.0 μm.Through investigation of the photoluminescence, the photoemission, especially the indirect photoexcitation, is dependent on both the stacking fashion and layer number.Furthermore, by studying the gate-tuned mo s2phototransistors, we found a significant dependence on the stacking configuration of mo s2of the photoexcitation and a different gate tunable photoresponse.The aaa-stacking trilayer mo s2phototransistor delivers a photoresponse of 978.14 a w-1at 550 nm.By correction of the external quantum efficiency with external field and illumination power density, it has been found that the photoresponse tunability is dependent on the layer number due to the strong photogating effect.This strategy provides a general avenue for the epitaxial growth of van der waals film which will further facilitate the applications in a tunable photodetector.

Journal: ACS applied materials & interfaces (2021)
Publication types: Journal Article
Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress in Rats Induces Colonic Inflammation.

Chronic psychological stress is associated with an increased risk for relapse of inflammatory bowel diseases (ibd) and impedes the treatment of this condition.However, the impact of stress on the risk of ibd onset remains unclear.The goal of the present study was to examine whether chronic unpredictable mild stress (cums) could initiate or aggravate the onset of colon inflammation in rats which, in turn, would be capable of triggering bowel disease.We found that cums exposure increased infiltration of cd-45 positive cells and mpo activity, as well as augmented the expression of the inflammatory cytokines, ifn-γ and il-6 within the colon of these rats.In addition, cums treatment changed the composition and diversity of gut microbiota and enhanced intestinal epithelial permeability, indicating the presence of a defect in the intestinal barrier.This cums-induced disruption of mucosal barrier integrity was associated with a reduction in expression of the tight junction protein, occludin 1, and an inhibition in mucosal layer functioning via reductions in goblet cells.Results from bacterial cultures revealed an increased presence of bacterial invasion after cums treatment as compared with that observed in controls.Thus, our data indicate that cums treatment induces alterations of the fecal microbiome and intestinal barrier defects, which facilitates bacterial invasion into colonic mucosa and further exacerbates inflammatory reactions within the colon.Accordingly, chronic stress may predispose patients to gastrointestinal infection and increase the risk of inflammation-related gut diseases.

Journal: Frontiers in physiology (2019)
Publication types: Journal Article
Integrating Principles of Safety Culture and Just Culture Into Nursing Homes: Lessons From the Pandemic.

Decades of concerns about the quality of care provided by nursing homes have led state and federal agencies to create layers of regulations and penalties.As such, regulatory efforts to improve nursing home care have largely focused on the identification of deficiencies and assignment of sanctions.The current regulatory strategy often places nursing home teams and government agencies at odds, hindering their ability to build a culture of safety in nursing homes that is foundational to health care quality.Imbuing safety culture into nursing homes will require nursing homes and regulatory agencies to acknowledge the high-risk nature of post-acute and long-term care settings, embrace just culture, and engage nursing home staff and stakeholders in actions that are supported by evidence-based best practices.The response to the covid-19 pandemic prompted some of these actions, leading to changes in nursing survey and certification processes as well as deployment of strike teams to support nursing homes in crisis.These actions, coupled with investments in public health that include funds earmarked for nursing homes, could become the initial phases of an intentional renovation of the existing regulatory oversight from one that is largely punitive to one that is rooted in safety culture and proactively designed to achieve meaningful and sustained improvements in the quality of care and life for nursing home residents.

Journal: Journal of the American Medical Directors Association (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
Effects of Aedes aegypti salivary protein on duck Tembusu virus replication and transmission in salivary glands.

Duck tembusu virus (dtmuv) infection is an arthropod-borne viral disease that affects many poultry species, including ducks, chickens, and geese.Aedes aegypti mosquito is an important vector of dtmuv.This study sought to determine whether any individual ae.Aegypti salivary protein modulated dtmuv replication in the mosquito salivary gland.Ae.Aegypti salivary gland protein of 34 k da (aa sg34) was found to be expressed explicitly in mosquito salivary glands and was upregulated following dtmuv infection.Thus, aa sg34 was silenced in mosquitoes via rna interference using double strand rna (ds rna), and the mosquitoes were then infected with dtmuv to elucidate their effects on dtmuv replication and transmission.Transcripts of the dtmuv genome in salivary glands and virus titer in saliva were significantly diminished when aa sg34 was silenced, indicating that its presence enhances dtmuv replication in the salivary glands and dtmuv dissemination to saliva.Furthermore, the expression of antimicrobial peptides (amps) was upregulated upon aa sg34 silenced.Our results demonstrate that aa sg34 may play a vital role in the suppression of antiviral immune responses to enhance dtmuv replication and transmission.We thus provide new information on the effect of the aa sg34 salivary protein on dtmuv replication in ae.Aegypti as the mechanism of blocking virus transmission to the host.

Journal: Acta tropica (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
Coumarin-Tetrapyrrolic Macrocycle Conjugates: Synthesis and Applications.

This review covers the synthesis of coumarin-porphyrin, coumarin-phthalocyanine and coumarin-corrole conjugates and their potential applications.While coumarin-phthalocyanine conjugates were obtained almost exclusively by tetramerization of coumarin-functionalized phthalonitriles, coumarin-porphyrin and coumarin-corrole conjugates were prepared by complementary approaches: (a) direct synthesis of the tetrapyrrolic macrocycle using formylcoumarins and pyrrole or (b) by functionalization of the tetrapyrrolic macrocycle.In the last approach a range of reaction types were used, namely 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions, hetero-diels-alder, sonogashira, alkylation or acylation reactions.This is clearly a more versatile approach, leading to a larger diversity of conjugates and allowing the access to conjugates bearing one to up to 16 coumarin units.

Journal: Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) (2017)
Publication types: Journal Article;Review
Characteristics and outcomes of the Finnish ectopic ACTH syndrome cohort.

Ectopic acth syndrome (eas) is rare.We established a national cohort to increase awareness and address unmet needs.Methods the finnish national eas cohort includes 60 patients diagnosed in 1997-2016.We assessed clinical features, diagnostic work-ups, treatments, incidence, and outcomes of subgroups occult tumor (ot), well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumor g1/g2 (netg1/g2) and net g3/neuroendocrine carcinoma (netg3/nec).Results the distribution of ot, netg1/g2, and netg3/nec was 10 (17%), 20 (33%), and 30 (50%), respectively; and median follow-up 22 months (0-249).Annual incidence (0.20-0.93 per million inhabitants) and tumor subgroups (ot vs.Nec) varied across the country.The longest diagnostic delay from eas onset to radiological tumor identification was 48 months.In net/nec, 6/50 (12%) were diagnosed 1-24 years before eas onset.Osteoporotic fractures (32%) and severe infections (55%) were common.The crh stimulation test accurately diagnosed eas in 25/31 (81%).Metyrapone (≤6 g daily, prescribed in 88%) was well tolerated.In netg1/g2, 13/20 (65%) underwent curative resection of the primary tumor; four experienced recurrence within 2-12 years.In ot, 70% underwent bilateral adrenalectomy.Five-year overall survival in ot, netg1/g2, and netg3/nec was 90%, 55%, and 0%, respectively (p 10 years after successful primary surgery.Tumor subgroup (ot, netg1/g2, nec) was an independent predictor of survival.

Journal: Endocrine (2021)
Publication types: Journal Article
Bipolar Depression: A Historical Perspective of the Current Concept, with a Focus on Future Research.

The aim of this narrative review is to trace the origin of the concept of bipolar depression and to expose some of its limitations.Bipolar depression is a broad clinical construct including experiences ranging from traditional melancholic and psychotic episodes ascribed to "manic-depressive insanity," to another heterogeneous group of depressive episodes originally described in the context of binary models of unipolar depression (e.g., psychogenic depression, neurotic depression).None of the available empirical evidence suggests, however, that these subsets of "bipolar" depression are equivalent in terms of clinical course, disability, family aggregation, and response to treatment, among other relevant diagnostic validators.Therefore, the validity of the current concept of bipolar depression should be a matter of concern.Here, we discuss some of the potential limitations that this broad construct might entail in terms of pathophysiological, clinical, and therapeutic aspects.Finally, we propose a clinical research program for bipolar depression in order to delimit diagnostic entities based on empirical data, with subsequent validation by laboratory or neuroimaging biomarkers.This process will then aid in the development of more specific treatments.

Journal: Harvard review of psychiatry (2021)
Publication types: Journal Article;Review