syedzayyan/paper_mill_benchmark huggingface dataset:
Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis presenting in a patient with human immunodeficiency virus and reactivated Hepatitis B infection.

Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (hlh) is a rare clinical syndrome of inappropriate immune activation which can present at any age and is commonly associated with other conditions of either excessive or impaired immune response, such as malignancy, infection, autoimmunity or immunodeficiency.In cases associated with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection, an additional trigger such as acute infection or malignancy is frequently identified.We report a case of hlh presenting in a patient with uncontrolled hiv and reactivated hepatitis b infection, which to our knowledge has only been reported once before.Given challenges with diagnosis and its life-threatening course, hlh is an important consideration especially in critically ill patients with underlying hiv and nonspecific presentations such as fevers, cytopenias and encephalopathy.

Journal: IDCases (2022)
Publication types: Case Reports;Journal Article
Behavioral strategies for periodontal health.

The impact of lifestyle factors has been increasingly studied and discussed in oral healthcare.Positive lifestyle factors are important in maintaining oral health or controlling disease, but they are not easy to adopt over the long term.Along with public health initiatives within communities and groups, there is a role for behavior change interventions delivered in dental practice settings to improve the periodontal health of individuals.Behavior management is now seen as a part of both prevention and therapy of periodontal diseases.This article summarizes the evidence on behavioral strategies for periodontal health to inform and assist oral healthcare professionals in implementing behavior change in their practice.In addition, strategies for education and training in communication and behavior change techniques are considered.

Journal: Periodontology 2000 (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article;Review;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Upregulation of ATF4-LAMP3 Axis by ORF45 Facilitates Lytic Replication of Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus.

Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv) is a γ-oncogenic herpesvirus, and both lytic and latent infections play important roles in its pathogenesis and tumorigenic properties.Multiple cellular pathways and diverse mediators are hijacked by viral proteins and are used to support kshv lytic replication.In previous studies, we revealed that kshv orf45 promoted kshv transcription and translation by inducing sustained p90 ribosomal s6 kinase (rsk) activation and the phosphorylation of its substrates c-fos and e if4b.However, the cellular mediators required for lytic replication remain largely unknown.Here, we reveal that orf45 activates e if2α phosphorylation and atf4 translation and then upregulates the expression of lysosome-associated membrane protein 3 (lamp3) in an atf4-dependent manner during kshv lytic replication.Consequently, lamp3 promotes akt and erk activation and then facilitates lytic gene expression and virion production.Furthermore, atf4 enhances lytic replication through lamp3, and lamp3 acts in an atf4-independent manner.Our findings suggest that the atf4-lamp3 axis is upregulated by orf45 through er stress activation during the kshv lytic life cycle and, in turn, facilitates optimal lytic replication.importancethe lytic replication of kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv) reprograms cellular transcription and translation to generate viral proteins and virion particles.Here, we show that the mediator of er stress atf4 and the expression of the downstream gene lamp3 are upregulated by orf45 during lytic replication.Consequently, increased lamp3 expression activates akt and erk and promotes lytic replication.Although several upr transcription factors are able to promote kshv lytic replication, the proviral effect of atf4 on lytic replication is attenuated by lamp3 silencing, whereas the effect of lamp3 does not directly require atf4 expression, indicating that lamp3 primarily exerts effects on kshv lytic replication downstream of atf4 and er stress.Taken together, our findings suggest that the orf45-upregulated atf4-lamp3 axis plays an essential role in kshv lytic replication.

Journal: Journal of virology (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Association between lipoprotein(a) concentrations and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk in patients with familial hypercholesterolemia: an analysis from the HELLAS-FH.

S lipoprotein(a) [lp(a)] is an independent risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ascvd) in the general population.However, such a role in patients with familial hypercholesterolemia (fh) is less documented.The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between lp(a) concentrations and ascvd prevalence in adult patients with fh.Methods this was a cross-sectional study from the hellenic familial hypercholesterolemia registry (hellas-fh).Patients were categorized into 3 tertiles according to lp(a) levels.Results a total of 541 adult patients (249 males) with possible/probable/definite fh heterozygous fh (he fh) were included (mean age 48.5 ± 15.0 years at registration, 40.8 ± 15.9 years at diagnosis).Median (interquartile range) lp(a) concentrations in the 1st, 2nd and 3rd lp(a) tertile were 6.4 (3.0-9.7), 22.4 (16.0-29.1) and 77.0 (55.0-102.0) mg/d l, respectively.There was no difference in lipid profile across lp(a) tertiles.The overall prevalence of ascvd was 9.4% in the first, 16.1% in the second and 20.6% in the third tertile (p = 0.012 among tertiles).This was also the case for premature ascvd, with prevalence rates of 8.5, 13.4 and 19.8%, respectively (p = 0.010 among tertiles).A trend for increasing prevalence of coronary artery disease (8.3, 12.2 and 16.1%, respectively; p = 0.076 among tertiles) was also observed.No difference in the prevalence of stroke and peripheral artery disease was found across tertiles.Conclusions elevated lp(a) concentrations are significantly associated with increased prevalence of ascvd in patients with possible/probable/definite he fh.

Journal: Endocrine (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
Accounting for variation in temperature and oxygen availability when quantifying marine ecosystem metabolism.

It is critical to understand how human modifications of earth's ecosystems are influencing ecosystem functioning, including net and gross community production (ncp and gcp, respectively) and community respiration (cr).These responses are often estimated by measuring oxygen production in the light (ncp) and consumption in the dark (cr), which can then be combined to estimate gcp.However, the method used to create "dark" conditions-either experimental darkening during the day or taking measurements at night-could result in different estimates of respiration and production, potentially affecting our ability to make integrative predictions.We tested this possibility by measuring oxygen concentrations under daytime ambient light conditions, in darkened tide pools during the day, and during nighttime low tides.We made measurements every 1-3 months over one year in southeastern alaska.Daytime respiration rates were substantially higher than those measured at night, associated with higher temperature and oxygen levels during the day and leading to major differences in estimates of gcp calculated using daytime versus nighttime measurements.Our results highlight the potential importance of measuring respiration rates during both day and night to account for effects of temperature and oxygen-especially in shallow-water, constrained systems-with implications for understanding the impacts of global change on ecosystem metabolism.

Journal: Scientific reports (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't;Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
Is concern for gynaecological alarm symptoms associated with healthcare-seeking? A Danish population-based cross-sectional study.

Diagnosing cancer at an early stage increases survival, and for most gynaecological cancers the diagnostic pathway is initiated, when women seek medical attention with symptoms.As many factors influence healthcare-seeking, knowledge about these factors is important.Concern can act as a barrier or a trigger for women experiencing gynaecological alarm symptoms.This study aimed to examine whether concern for the symptom or the current health was associated with healthcare-seeking among women with gynaecological alarm symptoms.Methods some 100,000 randomly selected danish citizens were invited to a national web-based survey.The questionnaire included items regarding symptom experiences, healthcare-seeking and concern for the experienced symptoms and current health.This study included 5019 women with self-reported gynaecological alarm symptoms (pelvic pain, pain during intercourse, bleeding during intercourse and postmenopausal bleeding).Concern was reported on a 5-point likert scale from 'not at all' to 'extremely'.Data were analysed using multivariate logistic regression models.Results women who were 'extremely' concerned about a gynaecological alarm symptom had two to six times higher odds of reporting healthcare-seeking compared to women who were 'not at all' concerned.Symptom concern was associated with higher odds of healthcare-seeking for all four gynaecological alarm symptoms and the odds increased with increasing levels of concern.Additionally, concern for current health was associated with higher odds of healthcare-seeking.Concern for current health as expressed by others was positively associated with healthcare-seeking but had only minor influence on the association between concern for current health and healthcare-seeking.Conclusions concern for a gynaecological alarm symptom and for current health was positively associated with healthcare-seeking.The results can be used for future informational health campaigns targeting individuals at risk of postponing warranted healthcare-seeking.

Journal: BMC public health (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Protection of Mono and Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids from Grapeseed Oil by Spray Drying Using Green Biopolymers as Wall Material.

One of the most common ways to protect oils is microencapsulation, which includes the use of encapsulating agents.Due to the environmental problems facing humanity, this study seeks to combine green biopolymers (microcrystalline cellulose and whey protein isolate) that function as encapsulating agents for grapeseed oil.Grapeseed oil that is obtained from agro-industrial waste has shown health benefits, including cardioprotective, anticancer, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory properties.These health benefits have been mainly associated with monounsaturated (mufa) and polyunsaturated (pufa) fatty acids.In this sense, it has been observed that grapeseed oil can be easily modified by environmental factors such as oxygen, high temperatures, and light, showing the instability and easy degradation of grapeseed oil.In this study, grapeseed oil was encapsulated using the spray-drying technique to conserve its lipidic profile.Powder recovery of the grapeseed oil microcapsules ranged from 65% to 70%.The encapsulation efficiency of the microcapsules varied between 80% and 85%.The ftir analysis showed chemical interactions that demonstrate chemisorption between the grapeseed oil and the encapsulating material, while the sem micrographs showed a correct encapsulation in a spherical shape.Gas chromatography showed that the lipid profile of grapeseed oil is preserved thanks to microencapsulation.Release tests showed 80% desorption within the first three hours at p h 5.8.Overall, whey protein and microcrystalline cellulose could be used as a wall material to protect grapeseed oil with the potential application of controlled delivery of fatty acids microcapsules.

Journal: Foods (Basel, Switzerland) (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
Heat-not-burn tobacco products and cardiovascular risk reduction: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials.

Heat-not-burn (hnb) technology by the u.s.Food and drug administration has been classified as a modified risk tobacco product, which can be a better option for those populations who cannot give up the habit of smoking.The outlook on the effects of these products is quite controversial in the scientific world.Objective to present the effect of hnb tobacco products on the cardiovascular system, with reference to the existence of possible benefits of the technology.Methods the literature search was conducted in pub med/medline, the cochrane central register of controlled trials (central), and clinical trials.gov databases, with reliance on a well-defined guiding research statement.Quality appraisal was performed using the casp checklist for randomized controlled trials.Results the search of three databases identified 167 records, and after selection process, 25 randomized controlled trials were eligible for our study's criteria.Twenty studies investigated the effects of hnb products on biomarkers of clinical relevance.Five studies evaluated other functional heart parameters rather than biomarkers.Conclusion with hnb tobacco products, significant reductions were found in biomarkers of exposure and biological effect related to pathways involved in cardiovascular disease, including inflammation, oxidative stress, lipid metabolism, platelet function, and endothelial dysfunction.

Journal: Technology and health care : official journal of the European Society for Engineering and Medicine (2023)
Publication types: Journal Article;Review;Systematic Review
2,4-D poisoning: a review with illustration of two cases.

2,4-d (2,4-dichlorphenoxyacetic acid) is a chlorphenoxy group pesticide.Its relative safety and broad leaf selectivity makes it a favourite herbicide of many home gardeners and agricultural workers.Severe systemic toxicity requiring hospital admission and intensive care usually occurs following intentional oral ingestion.2,4-d poisoning is an under-recognised cause of a potentially lethal toxic syndrome, especially in low- and middle-income countries, where such compounds are widely used in farming and readily available in households.It warrants close monitoring and high-quality supportive care along with plasma alkalinisation or extracorporeal removal of the toxin.We present a short review on 2,4-d poisoning and describe two illustrative cases with significant oral ingestion resulted in early and rapidly developing systemic toxicity.Both patients were admitted to the intensive care unit; one patient was managed with alkaline diuresis and other case required three sessions of haemodialysis.

Journal: Tropical doctor (2018)
Publication types: Case Reports;Journal Article;Review
Automated Prediction of Kidney Failure in IgA Nephropathy with Deep Learning from Biopsy Images.

And objectives digital pathology and artificial intelligence offer new opportunities for automatic histologic scoring.We applied a deep learning approach to ig a nephropathy biopsy images to develop an automatic histologic prognostic score, assessed against ground truth (kidney failure) among patients with ig a nephropathy who were treated over 39 years.We assessed noninferiority in comparison with the histologic component of currently validated predictive tools.We correlated additional histologic features with our deep learning predictive score to identify potential additional predictive features.Design, setting, participants, & measurements training for deep learning was performed with randomly selected, digitalized, cortical periodic acid-schiff-stained sections images (363 kidney biopsy specimens) to develop our deep learning predictive score.We estimated noninferiority using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (auc) in a randomly selected group (95 biopsy specimens) against the gold standard oxford classification (mest-c) scores used by the international ig a nephropathy prediction tool and the clinical decision supporting system for estimating the risk of kidney failure in ig a nephropathy.We assessed additional potential predictive histologic features against a subset (20 kidney biopsy specimens) with the strongest and weakest deep learning predictive scores.Results we enrolled 442 patients; the 10-year kidney survival was 78%, and the study median follow-up was 6.7 years.Manual mest-c showed no prognostic relationship for the endocapillary parameter only.The deep learning predictive score was not inferior to mest-c applied using the international ig a nephropathy prediction tool and the clinical decision supporting system (auc of 0.84 versus 0.77 and 0.74, respectively) and confirmed a good correlation with the tubolointerstitial score (r=0.41,p<0.01).We observed no correlations between the deep learning prognostic score and the mesangial, endocapillary, segmental sclerosis, and crescent parameters.Additional potential predictive histopathologic features incorporated by the deep learning predictive score included (1) inflammation within areas of interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy and (2) hyaline casts.Conclusions the deep learning approach was noninferior to manual histopathologic reporting and considered prognostic features not currently included in mest-c assessment.Podcast this article contains a podcast at

Journal: Clinical journal of the American Society of Nephrology : CJASN (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
The burden of renal admissions in a tertiary Hospital in Sierra Leone.

The burden of both acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease is on the rise globally.In sierra leone, there has been no data on renal patients or admissions.This study intends to close this gap in knowledge and give preliminary data on the burden of renal disease in this country.Methods the study was a retrospective review of the case notes of patients admitted at connaught hospital, freetown over a 2 year period.Data extraction was done using a well- structured proforma.Results a 2.7% renal admission burden was obtained; mean duration of hospital stay was 15.1 ± 14.7; mean age of patients was 47.2 ± 17.5 with a female preponderance.The common risk factors for chronic kidney disease were systemic hypertension (43%) and diabetes mellitus (24%).The common risk factors for acute kidney injury were sepsis (77%) and hypovolemia (15%).The in- hospital mortality rate was 47% and 73% were non-compliant with haemodialysis probably due to financial reasons.Conclusion there is a significant burden of kidney disease in our environment, affecting mainly our young and middle-aged population.A rational approach is to embark on kidney disease prevention programs.

Journal: BMC nephrology (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
Nitroglycerin and Iloprost Improve Mitochondrial Function in Colon Homogenate Without Altering the Barrier Integrity of Caco-2 Monolayers.

Locally applied nitroglycerin [nitric oxide (no) donor] and iloprost (analog of prostacyclin pgi2) improve regional gastric oxygenation and nitroglycerin preserves gastric mucosal barrier integrity.This suggests direct effects of these substances on oxygenation and barrier function.The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of iloprost and nitroglycerin on intestinal mitochondrial function and on mucosal barrier functionin vitro.Mitochondrial oxygen consumption (respirometry) was determined in colon homogenates from 16 healthy rats before (baseline) and 15 min after incubation with nitroglycerin (25 and 250 μg/ml) and iloprost (0.1 and 1 μg/ml).State 2 (substrate-dependent oxygen consumption) and state 3 respiration (adp-dependent oxygen consumption) were assessed and adp/o ratio (adp added/oxygen consumed) for complex i and ii were calculated.For permeability measurement we used the caco-2 monolayer.Fluorescein sulfonic acid (fs) (200 μg/ml) and the drugs were administered into the apical compartment of the transwell chamber.After 48 h, fs translocation was assessed as basolateral/apical fs.Both concentrations of nitroglycerin and iloprost reduced state 3 by stimulation via both complexes.Iloprost increased adp/o ratio after stimulation via both complexes at both concentrations.Nitroglycerin increased adp/o ratio at the higher concentration (250 μg/ml) after stimulation via complex i and at the lower concentration (25 μg/ml) via complex ii.Neither nitroglycerin nor iloprost influenced fs translocation.Iloprost and nitroglycerin reduce the maximal mitochondrial respiration and improve the efficacy of oxidative phosphorylation in colon homogenates.Both drugs have no direct influence on mucosal barrier integrity of caco-2 monolayers.

Journal: Frontiers in medicine (2018)
Publication types: Journal Article
Multicatalysis protocol enables direct and versatile enantioselective reductive transformations of secondary amides.

The catalytic asymmetric geminal bis-nucleophilic addition to nonreactive functional groups is a type of highly desirable yet challenging transformation in organic chemistry.Here, we report the first catalytic asymmetric reductive/deoxygenative alkynylation of secondary amides.The method is based on a multicatalysis strategy that merges iridium/copper relay catalysis with organocatalysis.A further combination with the palladium-catalyzed alkyne hydrogenation allows the one-pot enantioselective reductive alkylation of secondary amides.This versatile protocol allows the efficient synthesis of four types of α-branched chiral amines, which are prevalent structural motifs of active pharmaceutical ingredients.The protocol also features excellent enantioselectivity, chemoselectivity, and functional group tolerance to be compatible with more reactive functional groups such as ketone and aldehyde.The synthetic utility of the method was further demonstrated by the late-stage functionalization of two drug derivatives and the concise, first catalytic asymmetric approach to the κ-opioid antagonist aticaprant.

Journal: Science advances (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
Predictors of Health-Related Quality of Life in Indians with Metabolic Syndrome Undergoing Randomized Controlled Trial of Yoga-Based Lifestyle Intervention vs Dietary Intervention.

The present study explores the efficacy of 12-week yoga + diet-based lifestyle intervention (ybli) vs dietary intervention (di) on health-related quality of life (hrqo l) and identifies the predictors of change in hrqo l in indians with metabolic syndrome (met s).Data from the historical randomized controlled trial was used including adults (n= 260, 20-45 years) with met s.Four domains of hrqo l were measured at baseline, 2 and 12 weeks using whoqol-bref questionnaire.Generalized estimating equation and chi-square test was used to compare 12-week changes in hrqo l domains and proportion of subjects, respectively.Changes in hrqo l were predicted using regression models concerning changes in body mass index (bmi), physical activity, total calorie intake, adiponectin, and superoxide dismutase (sod) levels.Exploratory mediation analysis was carried out using baron & kenny approach.Ybli resulted in a significantly greater increase in the physical domain score of hrqo l than di.A significantly greater proportion of subjects in ybli group (71%) showed an increase in physical domain scores compared to di (51%).A unit change in bmi negatively predicted a unit change in physical, psychological and environmental health.Whereas, a unit change in adiponectin and sod levels positively predicted a unit change in physical and environmental health.Partial mediation between ybli intervention and physical hrqo l domain was observed via adiponectin.In conclusion, a 12-week ybli has a positive and greater effect on hrqo l physical domain score than following di alone.Changes in bmi, adiponectin, and sod levels may predict changes in hrqo l domains after lifestyle intervention.

Journal: Behavioral medicine (Washington, D.C.) (2021)
Publication types: Journal Article;Randomized Controlled Trial;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't