syedzayyan/paper_mill_benchmark huggingface dataset:
Predator community and resource use jointly modulate the inducible defense response in body height of crucian carp.

Phenotypic plasticity can be expressed as changes in body shape in response to environmental variability.Crucian carp (carassius carassius), a widespread cyprinid, displays remarkable plasticity in body morphology and increases body depth when exposed to cues from predators, suggesting the triggering of an antipredator defense mechanism.However, these morphological changes could also be related to resource use and foraging behavior, as an indirect effect of predator presence.In order to determine whether phenotypic plasticity in crucian carp is driven by a direct or indirect response to predation threat, we compared twelve fish communities inhabiting small lakes in southeast norway grouped by four categories of predation regimes: no predator fish, or brown trout (salmo trutta), perch (perca fluviatilis), or pike (esox lucius) as main piscivores.We predicted the body shape of crucian carp to be associated with the species composition of predator communities and that the presence of efficient piscivores would result in a deeper body shape.We use stable isotope analyses to test whether this variation in body shape was related to a shift in individual resource use-that is, littoral rather than pelagic resource use would favor the development of a specific body shape-or other environmental characteristics.The results showed that increasingly efficient predator communities induced progressively deeper body shape, larger body size, and lower population densities.Predator maximum gape size and individual trophic position were the best variables explaining crucian carp variation in body depth among predation categories, while littoral resource use did not have a clear effect.The gradient in predation pressure also corresponded to a shift in lake productivity.These results indicate that crucian carp have a fine-tuned morphological defense mechanism against predation risk, triggered by the combined effect of predator presence and resource availability.

Journal: Ecology and evolution (2021)
Publication types: Journal Article
Establishing Standards for Centers of Excellence for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Lymphatic Disease.

Lymphatic disease patients make up a significant proportion of the us and world populations.Due to inadequate medical school training and underestimation of the impact of lymphatic circulation, lymphatic disease patients often have difficulty finding competent diagnosis and care.methods and results:the lymphatic education & research network has initiated a centers of excellence program to designate institutions that provide services for lymphatic disease patients.Committees of experts drafted standards for five types of centers of excellence.conclusions:the centers of excellence program is now launched, and the description of the formation process herein could provide other organizations guidance for similar ventures.

Journal: Lymphatic research and biology (2021)
Publication types: Journal Article
Dietary ω-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation Improves Murine Sickle Cell Bone Disease and Reprograms Adipogenesis.

Sickle cell disease (scd) is a genetic disorder of hemoglobin, leading to chronic hemolytic anemia and multiple organ damage.Among chronic organ complications, sickle cell bone disease (sbd) has a very high prevalence, resulting in long-term disability, chronic pain and fractures.Here, we evaluated the effects of ω-3 (fish oil-based, fd)-enriched diet vs.Ω-6 (soybean oil-based, sd)- supplementation on murine sbd.We exposed scd mice to recurrent hypoxia/reoxygenation (rec h/r), a consolidated model for sbd.In rec h/r ss mice, fd improves osteoblastogenesis/osteogenic activity by downregulating osteoclast activity via mi r205 down-modulation and reduces both systemic and local inflammation.We also evaluated adipogenesis in both aa and ss mice fed with either sd or fd and exposed to rec h/r.Fd reduced and reprogramed adipogenesis from white to brown adipocyte tissue (bat) in bone compartments.This was supported by increased expression of uncoupling protein 1(ucp1), a bat marker, and up-regulation of mi r455, which promotes browning of white adipose tissue.Our findings provide new insights on the mechanism of action of ω-3 fatty acid supplementation on the pathogenesis of sbd and strengthen the rationale for ω-3 fatty acid dietary supplementation in scd as a complementary therapeutic intervention.

Journal: Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) (2021)
Publication types: Journal Article
Understanding Daily, Emotional, and Physical Burdens and Needs of Parents Caring for Children with Type 1 Diabetes.

S to investigate (1) daily, emotional, and physical caregiving burdens in parents of children with type 1 diabetes, (2) the sociodemographic and clinical predictors of three burdens, and (3) support measures that parents wish to receive.Methods the study was a multicenter cross-sectional survey conducted in nine german pediatric diabetes centers.A questionnaire assessing three types of burdens and wishes for support was distributed to parents with a child with type 1 diabetes visiting one of the pediatric centers for a routine check-up.Results data from 1,107 parents (83% mothers) were analyzed.Parents reported significantly higher emotional burdens compared to daily and physical burdens (p< 0.0001).Mothers felt more burdened than fathers did.Parents of younger children reported higher daily and physical burdens compared to the parents of older children, and similarly, parents of technology users reported higher daily and physical burdens compared to the parents of nontechnology users.However, emotional burdens did not differ in both comparisons.Other demographic factors (i.e., parent's age, migration status, and single-parent family status) predicted high levels of daily or physical burdens, but only hb a1c level and the parent's gender (mother) predicted a high emotional burden.Independent of the level of burden, 78% of parents wanted additional diabetes training.Conclusion despite parents reporting high emotional burdens in connection with diabetes care, hb a1c and the gender of the reporting parent were the only risk factors.As the child gets older, parents' daily and physical distress decrease but not the emotional burden.Diabetes training including regularly offered booster sessions as well as low-threshold interventions for mental health issues and practical self-care skills is recommended to provide continuous support for parents.

Journal: Journal of diabetes research (2022)
Publication types: Multicenter Study;Journal Article
Role of pre-operative transthoracic echocardiography in predicting post-operative atrial fibrillation after cardiac surgery: a systematic review of the literature and meta-analysis.

S this systematic review and meta-analysis aims to evaluate the role of pre-operative transthoracic echocardiography in predicting post-operative atrial fibrillation (poaf) after cardiac surgery.Methods and results electronic databases were searched for studies reporting on pre-operative echocardiographic predictors of poaf in pub med, cochrane library, and embase.A meta-analysis of echocardiographic predictors of poaf that were identified by at least five different publications was performed.Forty-three publications were included in this systematic review.Echocardiographic predictors for poaf included surrogate parameters for total atrial conduction time (tact), structural cardiac changes, and functional disturbances.Meta-analysis showed that prolonged pre-operative pa-tdi interval [5 studies, cohen's d = 1.4, 95% confidence interval (ci) 0.9-1.9], increased left atrial volume indexed for body surface area (lavi) (23 studies, cohen's d = 0.8, 95% ci 0.6-1.0), and reduced peak atrial longitudinal strain (pals) (5 studies, cohen's d = 1.4, 95% ci 1.0-1.8), were associated with poaf incidence.Left atrial volume indexed for body surface was the most important predicting factor in patients without a history of af.These parameters remained important predictors of poaf in heterogeneous populations with variable age and comorbidities such as coronary artery disease and valvular disease.Conclusion this meta-analysis shows that increased tact, increased lavi, and reduced pals are valuable parameters for predicting poaf in the early post-operative phase in a large variety of patients.

Journal: Europace : European pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac electrophysiology : journal of the working groups on cardiac pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac cellular electrophysiology of the European Society of Cardiology (2021)
Publication types: Journal Article;Meta-Analysis;Systematic Review
Knowledge, attitude and adherence to COVID-19 prevention among community health workers in Nigeria.

Introduction community health workers play important roles in curtailing the spread of covid-19.This study therefore investigated the knowledge, attitude and adherence to practice of covid-19 prevention-protocols among community health workers in selected states of nigeria.Methods purposive sampling method was adopted.A cohort of community health workers testing and enrolling human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) positive-clients into care were involved in the study.Questionnaire on microsoft forms was completed by 366 participants.Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical methods.Results key findings revealed that 87.80% have good knowledge of covid-19; 96.10% positive attitude towards covid-19 prevention-protocols and 97.20% adhere to the protocols.Demographics variables have significant positive effect on adherence to covid-19 prevention-protocol among the respondents as follows: marital status (x2: 21.91; p: <0.05), gender (x2: 9.01; p: 0.003), ethnic group (x2: 17.45; p: <0.05), state of residence (x2: 32.51; p: <0.05), education status (x2: 18.44; p: 0.005).Findings revealed there is no significant relationship between knowledge of covid-19 and the anxiety status of community health workers (p=0.90).There is positive relationship between knowledge of covid-19 and attitude to guidelines and adherence to covid-19 prevention-protocols.R=0.20 (<0.05) and 0.195 (<0.05) respectively.Conclusion the high knowledge of covid-19, positive attitude and adherence to the prevention-protocols among community health workers provides assurance of their ability to provide factual information to the community and their ability to promote good attitude and adherence to the prevention-protocols.Key sociodemographic variable like marital status, gender, ethnic groups, educational status and state of residents play significant roles in adherence to covid-19 prevention-protocols.

Journal: The Pan African medical journal (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
3D Inductive Frequency Selective Structures Using Additive Manufacturing and Low-Cost Metallization.

The use of additive manufacturing and different metallization techniques for prototyping radio frequency components such as antennas and waveguides are rising owing to their high precision and low costs.Over time, additive manufacturing has improved so that its utilization is accepted in satellite payloads and military applications.However, there is no record of the frequency response in the millimeter-wave band for inductive 3d frequency selective structures implemented by different metallization techniques.For this reason, three different prototypes of dielectric 3d frequency selective structures working in the millimeter-wave band are designed, simulated, and manufactured using vat photopolymerization.These prototypes are subsequently metallized using metallic paint atomization and electroplating.The manufactured prototypes have been carefully selected, considering their design complexity, starting with the simplest, the square aperture, the medium complexity, the woodpile structure, and the most complex, the torus structure.Then, each structure is measured before and after the metallization process using a measurement bench.The metallization used for the measurement is nickel spray flowed by the copper electroplating.For the electroplating, a detailed table showing the total area to be metallized and the current applied is also provided.Finally, the effectiveness of both metallization techniques is compared with the simulations performed using cst microwave studio.Results indicate that a shifted and reduced band-pass is obtained in some structures.On the other hand, for very complex structures, as in the torus case, band-pass with lower loss is obtained using copper electroplating, thus allowing the manufacturing of inductive 3d frequency selective structures in the millimeter-wave band at a low cost.

Journal: Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
Nanoscale Photoexcited Carrier Dynamics in Perovskites.

The optoelectronic properties of lead halide perovskite thin films can be tuned through compositional variations and strain, but the associated nanocrystalline structure makes it difficult to untangle the link between composition, processing conditions, and ultimately material properties and degradation.Here, we study the effect of processing conditions and degradation on the local photoconductivity dynamics in [(cs pb i3)0.05(fapb i3)0.85(mapb br3)0.15] and (fa0.7cs0.3pb i3) perovskite thin films using temporally and spectrally resolved microwave near-field microscopy with a temporal resolution as high as 5 ns and a spatial resolution better than 50 nm.For the latter facs formulation, we find a clear effect of the process annealing temperature on film morphology, stability, and spatial photoconductivity distribution.After exposure of samples to ambient conditions and illumination, we find spectral evidence of halide segregation-induced degradation below the instrument resolution limit for the mixed halide formulation, while we find a clear spatially inhomogeneous increase in the carrier lifetime for the facs formulation annealed at 180 °c.

Journal: The journal of physical chemistry letters (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
Italian recommendations for the assessment of cardiovascular risk in rheumatoid arthritis: a position paper of the Cardiovascular Obesity and Rheumatic DISease (CORDIS) Study Group of the Italian Society for Rheumatology.

S rheumatoid arthritis (ra) patients are at high risk of cardiovascular (cv) events.The aim of this position paper is to provide italian rheumatologists with an easy, feasible and time-saving cv risk assessment in their daily clinical practice.Methods a narrative review of the literature and an assessment of the methodological strength underlying the current evidence on cv risk assessment in patients with ra were performed.The evidence-based results were shared among the members of the steering committee of the cordis study group of the italian society of rheumatology.Subsequently, a unanimously agreed-upon algorithm was discussed and finally approved by the experts.Results ra patients should have their cv profile monitored using the italian 'progetto cuore' chart, according to the current eular recommendations for cv risk management, at least every 5 years.In the presence of high disease activity, or a multi-drug failure condition, when prolonged treatment with glucocorticoids and/or nsaids is required, or if hypertension, dyslipidaemia, or diabetes mellitus are concomitant, a more stringent cv risk assessment should be considered.When moderate cv risk is documented, patients should undergo intima-media thickening measurement.The condition of high cv risk requires a cardiological evaluation.Conclusions this position paper provides five italian recommendations for cv risk assessment in ra patients.A general and uniform approach to cv risk profiling may be useful to identify those patients who should undertake intensive preventive strategies to improve their cv outcomes.

Journal: Clinical and experimental rheumatology (2023)
Publication types: Review;Journal Article
Incidence and risk factors of surgical site infections after coronary artery bypass grafting surgery in Oman.

There is limited information about the incidence and risk factors of surgical site infections (ssis) after coronary artery bypass (cabg) surgeries in the omani population.Aim to estimate the prevalence and describe possible risk factors of ssis after cabg surgeries in oman.Method a retrospective nested case-control design was used to screen 596 patients who underwent cabg surgeries over 2 years (2016-2017) in two tertiary hospitals in oman.The cdc definition for ssis was used to identify the infected cases.Results prevalence rate of ssis was 17.4% and 17.5% in 2016 and 2017, respectively.The most isolated microorganism was gram-positive bacteria (45.2%).Risk factors of ssis include female gender (or = 3.2,p< 0.001), diabetes (or = 5.83,p< 0.001), overweight or obese (or = 2.14,p< 0.05) and shaving technique [using razor shaving] (or = 8.4,p< 0.001).Readmission rate for the case group was 44.2%.Conclusion the infection rate of ssis after cabg surgeries in developing countries, such as oman, is considerably high.There is an urgent need to establish ssis preventive program at the national level.Frequent and systematic assessment of infection control practices before and after cabg surgeries is fundamental and priority strategy to prevent ssis.

Journal: Journal of infection prevention (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
Team leadership assessment after advanced life support courses comparing real teams vs. simulated teams.

Effective team leadership is essential during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (cpr) and is taught during international advanced life support (als) courses.This study compared the judgement of team leadership during summative assessments after those courses using different validated assessment tools while comparing two different summative assessment methods.Methods after als courses, twenty videos of simulated team assessments and 20 videos of real team assessments were evaluated and compared.Simulated team assessment used an instructor miming a whole team, whereas real team assessment used course participants as a team that acted on the team leader's commands.Three examiners individually evaluated each video on four different validated team leadership assessment tools and on the original european resuscitation council's (erc) scenario test assessment form which does not assess leadership.The primary outcome was the average performance summary score between all three examiners for each assessment method.Results the average performance summary score for each of the four assessment tools was significantly higher for real team assessments compared to simulated team assessments (allp-values < 0.01).The summary score of the erc's scenario test assessment form was comparable between both assessment methods (p= 0.569), meaning that participants of both assessments performed equally.Conclusion team leadership performance is rated significantly higher in real team summative assessments after als courses compared to simulated team assessments by four leadership assessment tools but not by the standard erc's scenario test assessment form.These results suggest that summative assessments in als courses should integrate real team assessments, and a new assessment tool including an assessment of leadership skills needs to be developed.

Journal: Frontiers in psychology (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
Cancer Needs a Robust "Metadata Supply Chain" to Realize the Promise of Artificial Intelligence.

Profound advances in computational methods, including artificial intelligence (ai), present the opportunity to use the exponentially growing volume and complexity of available cancer measurements toward data-driven personalized care.While exciting, this opportunity has highlighted the disconnect between the promise of compute and the supply of high-quality data.The current paradigm of ad-hoc aggregation and curation of data needs to be replaced with a "metadata supply chain" that provides robust data in context with known provenance, that is, lineage and comprehensive data governance that will allow the promise of ai technology to be realized to its full potential in clinical practice.

Journal: Cancer research (2021)
Publication types: Journal Article;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
An IoT-Based Wristband for Automatic People Tracking, Contact Tracing and Geofencing for COVID-19.

The coronavirus disease (covid-19) pandemic has triggered a huge transformation in the use of existing technologies.Many innovations have been made in the field of contact tracing and tracking.However, studies have shown that there is no holistic system that integrates the overall process from data collection to the proper analysis of the data and actions corresponding to the results.It is critical to identify any contact with infected people and to ensure that they do not interact with others.In this research, we propose an io t-based system that provides automatic tracking and contact tracing of people using radio frequency identification (rfid) and a global positioning system (gps)-enabled wristband.Additionally, the proposed system defines virtual boundaries for individuals using geofencing technology to effectively monitor and keep track of infected people.Furthermore, the developed system offers robust and modular data collection, authentication through a fingerprint scanner, and real-time database management, and it communicates the health status of the individuals to appropriate authorities.The validation results prove that the proposed system identifies infected people and curbs the spread of the virus inside organizations and workplaces.

Journal: Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
Eco-Friendly Synthesis of 3D Disordered Carbon Materials for High-Performance Dual Carbon Na-Ion Capacitors.

An eco-friendly and sustainable salt-templating approach was proposed for the production of anode materials with a 3d sponge-like structure for sodium-ion capacitors using gluconic acid as carbon precursor and sodium carbonate as water-removable template.The optimized carbon material combined porous thin walls that provided short diffusional paths, a highly disordered microstructure with dilated interlayer spacing, and a large oxygen content, all of which facilitated na ion transport and provided plenty of active sites for na adsorption.This material provided a capacity of 314 m ah g-1at 0.1 a g-1and 130 m ah g-1at 10 a g-1.When combined with a 3d highly porous carbon cathode (sbet≈2300 m2g-1) synthesized from the same precursor, the na-ion capacitor showed high specific energy/power, that is 110 wh kg-1at low power and still 71 wh kg-1at approximately 26 k w kg-1, and a good capacity retention of 70 % over 10000 cycles.

Journal: ChemSusChem (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article