syedzayyan/paper_mill_benchmark huggingface dataset:
The complication rate following Neodymium-doped Yttrium Aluminum Garnet laser posterior capsulotomy for posterior capsular opacification in patients with and without comorbidities.

To study the complication rate following nd: yag posterior capsulotomy posterior capsular opacification (pco) in patients with and without comorbid conditions.Methods this was a prospective, interventional, comparative, and observational study.A total of 80 eyes, consisting of 40 eyes without ocular comorbidities (group a) and 40 eyes with ocular comorbidities (group b) that were being treated with nd: yag capsulotomy for pco, were included.Visual outcome and complications of nd: yag capsulotomy were studied.Results the mean age of group a patients was 61.65 ± 8.85 years and that of group b patients was 63 ± 10.46 years.Of the total, 38 (47.5%) were men and 42 (52.5%) were women.In group b, the ocular comorbidities were moderate nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (npdr) (n = 14 eyes; 14/40 = 35%), subluxated intraocular lens (iol; 5 mm hg from pre-yag levels was observed in one patient in each group on day 1 postprocedure, for which medical treatment was given to both patients for 7 days.One patient in each group had iol pitting.No patient had any other complications attributable to nd:yag capsulotomy.Conclusion nd:yag laser posterior capsulotomy is a safe procedure for pco in patients with comorbidities.Visual outcomes were excellent after nd:yag posterior capsulotomy.Although a transient increase in iop was noted, the response to treatment was good and a long-term increase in iop was not observed.

Journal: Indian journal of ophthalmology (2023)
Publication types: Observational Study;Journal Article
Relevance of prokaryotic subspecies in the age of genomics.

The availability of multiple gene sequences, and in particular full genome sequence data, for microbial strains has changed how taxonomists delineate subspecies belonging to the archaea and bacteria.Well-defined phylogenetic lineages that share higher genome similarity values compared to the widely used species thresholds are often described as subspecies, despite clear evidence of genetic isolation between them.These well-defined lineages, reflecting notable genetic isolation of the core genome represent more recently evolved, unique andsui generisevolutionary units.Because they bear all of the hallmarks of species, most contemporary subspecies likely represent species in their own right.Although there is considerable value in defining intraspecies variation (e.g., pathovar, serovar and symbiovar), the discriminating properties of such units are mostly encoded on accessory subgenomic compartments.We therefore argue that the taxonomic category of subspecies has become irrelevant and propose that its use should be discontinued.This will minimize inconsistencies related to the subjective nature of species-subspecies distinctions.Formal recognition of biologically relevant variation within species based on the accessory genome information will have practical significance in fields such as clinical, industrial and agricultural microbiology.

Journal: New microbes and new infections (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
Recurrent Plant-Specific Duplications of KNL2 and Its Conserved Function as a Kinetochore Assembly Factor.

Kinetochore null2 (knl2) plays key role in the recognition of centromeres and new cenh3 deposition.To gain insight into the origin and diversification of the knl2 gene, we reconstructed its evolutionary history in the plant kingdom.Our results indicate that the knl2 gene in plants underwent three independent ancient duplications in ferns, grasses and eudicots.Additionally, we demonstrated that previously unclassified knl2 genes could be divided into two clades αknl2 and βknl2 in eudicots and γknl2 and δknl2 in grasses, respectively.Knl2s of all clades encode the conserved santa domain, but only the αknl2 and γknl2 groups additionally encode the cenpc-k motif.In the more numerous eudicot sequences, signatures of positive selection were found in both αknl2 and βknl2 clades, suggesting recent or ongoing adaptation.The confirmed centromeric localization of βknl2 and mutant analysis suggests that it participates in loading of new cenh3, similarly to αknl2.A high rate of seed abortion was found in heterozygous βknl2 plants and the germinated homozygous mutants did not develop beyond the seedling stage.Taken together, our study provides a new understanding of the evolutionary diversification of the plant kinetochore assembly gene knl2, and suggests that the plant-specific duplicated knl2 genes are involved in centromere and/or kinetochore assembly for preserving genome stability.

Journal: Molecular biology and evolution (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
Photoprotective activity of a cream containing lyophilized aqueous extract of Lepidium meyenii (MACA) against ultraviolet irradiation on mouse skin.

S to evaluate the photoprotective activity of a cream with lyophilized aqueous extract of maca (lem) against ultraviolet (uv) irradiation in the skin of mice.Materials and methods an experimental study was carried out on 35 balb/c mice.Treatment was applied topically on the dorsum of the animals, which were subsequently irradiated with ultraviolet b rays, and then we measured the thickness in microns (μm) of histological samples of the skin of the mice.Seven groups were assigned, divided into non-irradiated: blank (g1) and irradiated with uv light: no treatment (g2); with commercial sunscreen with sun protection factor (spf) 30 (g3); cream (placebo) (g4); lem at 15% in water (g5); lem cream at 5% (g6); and lem cream at 15% (g7).In vitro spf was determined using the mansur method.Absorbance readings were taken in an ultraviolet- visible spectrophotometer (uv-vis) and spfs were determined for the following formulations: lem cream at 5%, benzophenone-4 (bzf-4) and commercial sunscreen spf 30.Results mouse skin thickness in microns (μm) was 27.28 in g2; 18.31 in g3; 27.33 in g4; 19.51 in g5 and 18.04 in g6.There was no significant difference between the group not exposed to radiation (g1) and the 15% lem cream group (g7), both had the lowest thicknesses (12.76 and 14.20 μm, respectively).The spf of lem cream at 15% was 5.480 ± 0.020.Conclusions the formulation with lem cream showed photoprotective activity against uv irradiation, alkaloids were the phytochemical components mostly found and the formulation was compatible with the active principle (lem).

Journal: Revista peruana de medicina experimental y salud publica (2021)
Publication types: Journal Article
Dynamic Contrast-enhanced and Diffusion-weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Response Evaluation After Single-Dose Ablative Neoadjuvant Partial Breast Irradiation.

We aimed to evaluate changes in dynamic contrast-enhanced (dce) and diffusion-weighted (dw) magnetic resonance imaging (mri) scans acquired before and after single-dose ablative neoadjuvant partial breast irradiation (na-pbi), and explore the relation between semiquantitative mri parameters and radiologic and pathologic responses.Methods and materials we analyzed 3.0t dce and dw-mri of 36 patients with low-risk breast cancer who were treated with single-dose na-pbi, followed by breast-conserving surgery 6 or 8 months later.Mri was acquired before na-pbi and 1 week, 2, 4, and 6 months after na-pbi.Breast radiologists assessed the radiologic response and breast pathologists scored the pathologic response after surgery.Patients were grouped as either pathologic responders or nonresponders (<10% vs ≥10% residual tumor cells).The semiquantitative mri parameters evaluated were time to enhancement (tte), 1-minute relative enhancement (re1min), percentage of enhancing voxels (%ev), distribution of washout curve types, and apparent diffusion coefficient (adc).Results in general, the enhancement increased 1 week after na-pbi (baseline vs 1 week median - tte: 15s vs 10s; re1min: 161% vs 197%; %ev: 47% vs 67%) and decreased from 2 months onward (6 months median - tte: 25s; re1min: 86%; %ev: 12%).Median adc increased from 0.83 × 10-3mm2/s at baseline to 1.28 × 10-3mm2/s at 6 months.Tte, re1min, and %ev showed the most potential to differentiate between radiologic responses, and tte, re1min, and adc between pathologic responses.Conclusions semiquantitative analyses of dce and dw-mri showed changes in relative enhancement and adc 1 week after na-pbi, indicating acute inflammation, followed by changes indicating tumor regression from 2 to 6 months after radiation therapy.A relation between the mri parameters and radiologic and pathologic responses could not be proven in this exploratory study.

Journal: Advances in radiation oncology (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
Studies on Virulence and Extended-Spectrumβ-Lactamase-Producing Uropathogenic Escherichia coli Isolates and Therapeutic Effect of Fosfomycin in Acute Pyelonephritis Mice.

The understanding about virulence factors (vfs) and the drug resistance of uropathogenic escherichia coli(upec) helps us understand the pathogenesis of urinary tract infections (utis) and make better decisions for clinical treatment.This study examined the correlation between the extended-spectrumβ-lactamases (esbls) phenotype and vfs in upec strains.In addition, we validated the therapeutic potential of fosfomycin in acute pyelonephritis mice.From may 2017 to november 2018, 22 nonduplicate e coli.strains were isolated from uti patients.Pcr was utilized to detect the distribution of virulence genes.We also analyzed the esbl phenotype in e coli.We further evaluated the therapeutic effect of intravenous fosfomycin treatment in the acute pyelonephritis (apn) model.All 22 upec strains expressed the type 1 fimbriae (fim h) gene and more than 50% (12/22) of strains produced esbls.The detection rates of the iron acquisition-associated genes chu tand iut awere 77.3% (n= 17) and 50% (n= 11) and those of p fimbriapap aandpap cgenes were 45% (n= 10) and 50% (n= 11), respectively.Though the vfs were closely related with pathologenicity, the relationship between vfs and esbls still needs further investigation.Furthermore, intravenous fosfomycin 800 mg/kg significantly reduced the bacterial load and the inflammatory infiltration in the bladder and kidney, maintaining the structural integrity of the kidney.Intravenous fosfomycin administration can be used for the treatment of acute pyelonephritis caused by highly pathogenic and drug-resistant upec strains.

Journal: BioMed research international (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
Detection of Cell Morphological Changes of Ischemic Rabbit Liver Tissue Using Bioimpedance Spectroscopy.

Bioimpedance spectroscopy is a promising method for tissue ischemia monitoring; it is used in this research to study ischemia and cell morphology using bioimpedance measurements of rabbit liver tissue.This paper presents the evolution of cole parameters and cell parameters with time and establishes a relation between cellular morphological changes during cell ischemia with bioimpedance measurements at different frequencies.The general behavior of ischemic liver tissue has been analyzed.Evolution of cole parameters was extrapolated from bis measurements, and their behavior was studied with respect to time.Then, cell parameters were estimated from cole parameters.A detailed analysis of the changes of cell parameters was done in parallel with explanations for these changes depending on the physiological mechanism of ischemia and necrosis bioprocess.These explanations give a confirmation of the established relation between cell morphological changes and the corresponding bis measurements.

Journal: IEEE transactions on nanobioscience (2018)
Publication types: Journal Article
Older forensic mental healthcare patients in England: demographics, physical health, mental wellbeing, cognitive ability and quality of life [version 2; peer review: 2 approved].

Older individuals (e.g., 55 years and over) constitute a growing proportion of the forensic mental health patient population.As a group, they are vulnerable to health outcomes similar to other individuals with serious mental disorders of the same age; however, these concerns can be compounded by complex forensic-related care backgrounds and clinical presentations, lengthy periods of time spent in prison or psychiatric hospitals, substance use histories, and crime perpetration or victimisation.The healthcare needs and strengths of this group are not well understood.the aim of this study was to identify and describe the demographic, physical health, mental wellbeing, cognitive ability, and quality of life profiles of older forensic patients in community, low, medium, and high security settings in england.Methods a cross-sectional quantitative study design was used.N=37 forensic patients aged 55 years and over completed six questionnaires.Data were also collected from patient records.Results most patients were male and were diagnosed with psychosis.The most frequently committed index offence types were violent offences.Patients were prescribed 7.6 medications on average and had average anticholinergic effect on cognition scores of 2.4.Nearly half the sample had diabetes, with an average bmi score of 31.7 (indicating obesity).Possible cognitive impairment was identified in 65% of the sample.Patients' assessments of their recovery-related quality of life and mental wellbeing were comparable to published uk general population values.Assessments of quality of life were positively correlated with the ability to undertake everyday activities and cognitive performance.Conclusions we suggest that forensic services are well-placed to provide holistic mental and physical care to this group but that they should co-develop with patients a greater range of age-appropriate meaningful activities that are mindful of mobility issues and consider implementing more cognition-based and physical health interventions.

Journal: NIHR open research (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
Revealing Fine Structures of the Retinal Receptive Field by Deep-Learning Networks.

Deep convolutional neural networks (cnns) have demonstrated impressive performance on many visual tasks.Recently, they became useful models for the visual system in neuroscience.However, it is still not clear what is learned by cnns in terms of neuronal circuits.When a deep cnn with many layers is used for the visual system, it is not easy to compare the structure components of cnns with possible neuroscience underpinnings due to highly complex circuits from the retina to the higher visual cortex.Here, we address this issue by focusing on single retinal ganglion cells with biophysical models and recording data from animals.By training cnns with white noise images to predict neuronal responses, we found that fine structures of the retinal receptive field can be revealed.Specifically, convolutional filters learned are resembling biological components of the retinal circuit.This suggests that a cnn learning from one single retinal cell reveals a minimal neural network carried out in this cell.Furthermore, when cnns learned from different cells are transferred between cells, there is a diversity of transfer learning performance, which indicates that cnns are cell specific.Moreover, when cnns are transferred between different types of input images, here white noise versus natural images, transfer learning shows a good performance, which implies that cnns indeed capture the full computational ability of a single retinal cell for different inputs.Taken together, these results suggest that cnns could be used to reveal structure components of neuronal circuits, and provide a powerful model for neural system identification.

Journal: IEEE transactions on cybernetics (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
Enhanced Performance and Diffusion Robustness of Phase-Change Metasurfaces via a Hybrid Dielectric/Plasmonic Approach.

Materials of which the refractive indices can be thermally tuned or switched, such as in chalcogenide phase-change alloys, offer a promising path towards the development of active optical metasurfaces for the control of the amplitude, phase, and polarization of light.However, for phase-change metasurfaces to be able to provide viable technology for active light control, in situ electrical switching via resistive heaters integral to or embedded in the metasurface itself is highly desirable.In this context, good electrical conductors (metals) with high melting points (i.e., significantly above the melting point of commonly used phase-change alloys) are required.In addition, such metals should ideally have low plasmonic losses, so as to not degrade metasurface optical performance.This essentially limits the choice to a few noble metals, namely, gold and silver, but these tend to diffuse quite readily into phase-change materials (particularly the archetypal ge2sb2te5alloy used here), and into dielectric resonators such as si or ge.In this work, we introduce a novel hybrid dielectric/plasmonic metasurface architecture, where we incorporated a thin ge2sb2te5layer into the body of a cubic silicon nanoresonator lying on metallic planes that simultaneously acted as high-efficiency reflectors and resistive heaters.Through systematic studies based on changing the configuration of the bottom metal plane between high-melting-point diffusive and low-melting-point nondiffusive metals (au and al, respectively), we explicitly show how thermally activated diffusion can catastrophically and irreversibly degrade the optical performance of chalcogenide phase-change metasurface devices, and how such degradation can be successfully overcome at the design stage via the incorporation of ultrathin si3n4barrier layers between the gold plane and the hybrid si/ge2sb2te5resonators.Our work clarifies the importance of diffusion of noble metals in thermally tunable metasurfaces and how to overcome it, thus helping phase-change-based metasurface technology move a step closer towards the realization of real-world applications.

Journal: Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) (2021)
Publication types: Journal Article
Alterations in oxytocin and vasopressin in men with problematic pornography use: The role of empathy.

Addictive behaviors share clinical, genetic, neurobiological and phenomenological parallels with substance addictions.Despite the prevalence of compulsive sexual behaviors, particularly problematic pornography use (ppu), how neuroendocrine systems relate to ppu is not well understood.Preclinical studies demonstrate alterations in oxytocin and arginine vasopressin (avp) function in animal models of addiction, but no human study has tested their involvement in ppu.Method participants included 122 males; 69 reported ppu, and 53 were demographically-matched participants without ppu.Plasma oxytocin and avp levels and oxytocin-to-avp balance were measured at baseline.Salivary oxytocin was assessed at baseline and in response to four videos depicting neutral/positive social encounters.Participants reported on empathy and psychiatric symptoms.Results baseline plasma avp levels were elevated in men with ppu, and the ratio of oxytocin-to-vasopressin suggested avp dominance.Men with ppu reacted with greater oxytocin increases to presentation of neutral/positive social stimuli.Decreased empathic tendencies were found in men with ppu, and this reduced empathy mediated links between oxytocin and pornography-related hypersexuality.Structural equation modeling revealed three independent paths to pornography-related hypersexuality; two direct paths via increased avp and higher psychiatric symptoms and one indirect path from oxytocin to pornography-related hypersexuality mediated by diminished empathy.Conclusions findings are among the first to implicate neuropeptides sustaining mammalian attachment in the pathophysiology of pornography-related hypersexuality and describe a neurobiological mechanism by which oxytocin-avp systems and psychiatric symptomatology may operate to reduce empathy and lead to pornography-related hypersexuality.

Journal: Journal of behavioral addictions (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
Attributes of dysgeusia and anosmia of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in hospitalized patients.

S while chemosensory dysfunctions, dysgeusia and anosmia/hyposmia, are recognized as distinctive symptoms of covid-19, their temporality of presentation and association with the patient age, gender, disease severity, and comorbidities has been sparsely studied.Hence, we evaluated the latter associations of chemosensory dysfunction, in hospitalized covid-19 patients in the united arab emirates (uae).Materials and methods information on chemosensory dysfunction and history of chronic systemic comorbidities, if any, was obtained from 149 covid-19 patients in an infectious disease hospital in uae, using their medical records, as well as from a face-to-face questionnaire survey.Additionally, a modified snot-22 questionnaire that measures disease-specific quality of life in patients with upper respiratory tract affections was also administered.Results chemosensory dysfunction was reported by 94.6% of the cohort, and anosmia with dysgeusia was significantly more in males than females with severe covid-19.Males with moderate covid-19 and systemic comorbidities were more likely to present with chemosensory dysfunction in comparison with females.Snot-22 questionnaire revealed that nasal blockage and runny nose were more prevalent in mild/moderate, than in the severe, state of covid-19.Conclusion our data confirm the commonality of chemosensory dysfunction during covid-19 progression, and the significantly more pronounced combined dysfunction in males with severe covid-19, and comorbidities.

Journal: Oral diseases (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
A Study on the Use of Milieu Teaching to Promote Overseas Marketers' Communication Skills and Confidence in Language Learning.

Language plays an extremely important role for people in terms of engaging in various learning activities.Due to the progress of network technologies, it is an immediate goal for enterprises to take a completely new development direction with the application of network technology.Nevertheless, they encounter many difficulties in carrying out overseas marketing such as localization transformation, jet lag, lack of professional marketers, problems with sellers' product quality, problems with customers' credit checks, international payment problems, and logistics and delivery problems.These problems mainly result from a difference in language families.The current study was conducted as an experimental study with the participation of overseas marketers in hebei province.Milieu teaching was implemented with an experimental group and traditional teaching was maintained in the control group for a 20-week (3 h per week) experimental procedure.The research results revealed significantly positive effects of (1) milieu teaching on communication skills, (2) milieu teaching on language learning confidence, and (3) communication skills on language learning confidence.Based on the results, it can be stated that the study is expected to help effectively enhance the communication skills and language learning confidence of overseas marketers to achieve the goals of promoting oral expression and language-use skills.

Journal: Frontiers in psychology (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article