syedzayyan/paper_mill_benchmark huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Biophysical Variables in an Onion Crop (Allium cepaL.) with Nitrogen Fertilization by Sentinel-2 Observations.

The production of onions bulbs (allium cepa l.) requires a high amount of nitrogen.According to the demand of sustainable agriculture, the information-development and communication technologies allow for improving the efficiency of nitrogen fertilization.In the south of the province of buenos aires, argentina, between 8000 and 10,000 hectares per year-1are cultivated in the districts of villarino and patagones.This work aimed to analyze the relationship of biophysical variables: leaf area index (lai), canopy chlorophyll content (ccc), and canopy cover factor (f cover), with the nitrogen fertilization of an intermediate cycle onion crop and its effects on yield.A field trial study with different doses of granulated urea and granulated urea was carried out, where biophysical characteristics were evaluated in the field and in sentinel-2 satellite observations.Field data correlated well with satellite data, with an r2of 0.91, 0.96, and 0.85 for lai, f cover, and ccc, respectively.The application of nitrogen in all its doses produced significantly higher yields than the control.The lai and ccc variables had a positive correlation with yield in the months of november and december.A significant difference was observed between u250 (62 mg ha-1) and the other treatments.The u500 dose led to a yield increase of 27% compared to u250, while the difference between u750 and u500 was 6%.

Journal: Agronomy (Basel, Switzerland) (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
Updates in Pharmacologic Strategies in Adult Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder.

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (adhd) significantly worsens quality of life and long-term functional outcomes in adults.Individual impairments in adults with adhd can be further contextualized within considerable costs to society at large.Food and drug administration (fda) approved stimulants and nonstimulant medications can significantly improve adhd symptoms in adults.In the past 2 decades, the united states fda has expanded approval of pharmacotherapeutic options for adult adhd.However, limitations still persist in available psychotropics for certain patient populations such as those with comorbid substance use or cardiovascular illness.Clinicians therefore must appreciate several ongoing investigations into medications with unique mechanisms of action.This article reviews the current fda approved and emerging medication options while providing guidelines for pharmacologic management of adult adhd.

Journal: Child and adolescent psychiatric clinics of North America (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article;Review
Approaches to minimising the epidemiological impact of sources of systematic and random variation that may affect biochemistry assay data in UK Biobank.

Uk biobank is a large prospective study that recruited 500,000 participants aged 40 to 69 years, between 2006-2010.the study has collected (and continues to collect) extensive phenotypic and genomic data about its participants.In order to enhance further the value of the uk biobank resource, a wide range of biochemistry markers were measured in all participants with an available biological sample.Here, we describe the approaches uk biobank has taken to minimise error related to sample collection, processing, retrieval and assay measurement.methods: during routine quality control checks, the laboratory team observed that some assay results were lower than expected for samples acquired during certain time periods.Analyses were undertaken to identify and correct for the unexpected dilution identified during sample processing, and for expected error caused by laboratory drift of assay results.results: the vast majority (92%) of biochemistry serum assay results were assessed to be not materially affected by dilution, with an estimated difference in concentration of less than 1% (i.e.Either lower or higher) than that expected if the sample were unaffected; 8.3% were estimated to be diluted by up to 10%; very few samples appeared to be diluted more than this.Biomarkers measured in urine (creatinine, microalbumin, sodium, potassium) and red blood cells (hb a1c) were not affected.In order to correct for laboratory variation over the assay period, all assay results were adjusted for date of assay, with the exception of those that had a high biological coefficient of variation or evident seasonal variability: vitamin d, lipoprotein (a), gamma glutamyltransferase, c-reactive protein and rheumatoid factor.conclusions: rigorous approaches related to sample collection, processing, retrieval, assay measurement and data analysis have been taken to mitigate the impact of both systematic and random variation in epidemiological analyses that use the biochemistry assay data in uk biobank.

Journal: Wellcome open research (2020)
Publication types: Journal Article
MiR-30b-5p attenuates neuropathic pain by the CYP24A1-Wnt/β-catenin signaling in CCI rats.

Micro rnas (mi rnas) has been reported to act as key regulators of neuronal function.Increasing evidence has showed that mi rnas exert significant effects in neuropathic pain.We explored the role of mi r-30b-5p in neuropathic pain by establishing a rat model of chronic constrictive injury (cci).The sciatic nerve of cci rats was used to induce chronic neuropathic pain.The expression and cellular distribution of mi r-30b-5p were determined by rt-q pcr and fish.The m rna level, protein level, and cellular distribution of cyp24a1 were detected by rt-q pcr, western blot, and immunofluorescence staining assays, respectively.The interaction between mi r-30b-5p and cyp24a1 was examined by a luciferase reporter assay.The behavioral effects of mi r-30b-5p were assessed after intrathecal administration.Mechanical stimuli and radiant heat were applied to assess mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia of rats.Elisa was performed to measure the concentration of inflammatory cytokines.Mi r-30b-5p expression was significantly downregulated in the spinal cord tissues and of cci rats.Overexpression of mi r-30b-5p attenuated symptoms of neuropathic pain, including mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia.Additionally, mi r-30b-5p overexpression suppressed neuroinflammation by reducing the levels of il-6, tnf-α and cox2 and elevating the levels of il-10 in cci rats.Mechanistically, cyp24a1 was a target of mi r-30b-5p, and its expression was negatively regulated by mi r-30b-5p.Moreover, cyp24a1 expression was upregulated in cci rats and knockdown of cyp24a1 attenuated neuropathic pain and neuroinflammation.Furthermore, mi r-30b-5p reduced the levels of the wnt pathway-related genes in cci rats by downregulating cyp24a1.Rescue assays showed that overexpression of cyp24a1 or activation of wnt pathway reduced the alleviative effects of mi r-30b-5p overexpression on neuropathic pain in cci rats.Overall, mi r-30b-5p inhibits neuropathic pain progression in cci rats by inhibiting the cyp24a1-wnt/β-catenin pathway.

Journal: Experimental brain research (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
Illuminating the Fc dependence of SARS-CoV-2 neutralization.

Monoclonal antibodies show efficacy in treating covid-19, but the functional requirements for protection are unclear.In this issue of immunity, ullah et al.(2021) develop a stable sars-co v-2 reporter virus and use bioluminescence imaging to longitudinally monitor infection and assess neutralizing monoclonal antibody interventions in mice.They find that antibody-mediated protection depends on the fc domain and fc-gamma receptor-expressing immune cells.

Journal: Immunity (2021)
Publication types: Journal Article;Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural;Comment
Sepsis Screening of Neonatal Abdominal Surgery and Its Outcomes.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the early indicators of sepsis (sepsis screening) and their statistical correlation with sepsis in neonatal abdominal surgery.Materials and methods a prospective observational study was performed on thirty consecutive neonate cases aged between 0 and 28 days with surgical abdomen at the paediatric surgery department, abvims and dr.Ram manohar lohia hospital, new delhi.The study duration was 18 months.Septic screening was done in all neonates on day 0, 1, 3, 7, and 14 days of surgery with serum procalcitonin, c-reactive protein, total leukocyte count, immature/total neutrophil ratio, and microerythrocyte sedimentation rate.A septic screening-positive patient (three or more positive parameters out of five) was correlated with sepsis and analysis was done.Results a total of 30 neonates of abdominal surgical cases were included consequently, out of which 56.7% (n= 17) were male and 43.3% (n= 13) were female.Maximum cases were of congenital diaphragmatic hernia 20% (n= 6) and then anorectal malformation 16.7% (n= 5).About 70% of neonates were sepsis screening positive.Fifty percentage of neonates were diagnosed to have sepsis on the clinical or laboratory findings, so sensitivity and specificity of sepsis screening were 93.33% and 40%, respectively.There was total 30% mortality in this study.Conclusion sepsis screening is an early marker of sepsis, which can be used to help in early detection of neonatal surgical sepsis and timely intervention that can lead to decrease mortality and morbidity in neonatal surgery.

Journal: Journal of Indian Association of Pediatric Surgeons (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
Effects of splinting and three injection therapies (corticosteroid, autologous blood and prolotherapy) on pain, grip strength, and functionality in patients with lateral epicondylitis.

S this study aims to compare the efficacy of the wrist splint and the injection of corticosteroid, autologous blood, and hypertonic dextrose in the treatment of lateral epicondylitis (le).Patients and methods a total of 120 patients (43 males, 77 females; mean age: 45.7±7.7 years; range, 18 to 65 years) diagnosed with le between december 2013 and june 2015 were included in the study and randomized into four groups.The first group was administered 20 mg methylprednisolone acetate + 2 m l 2% prilocaine, the second group 2 m l venous blood + 0.5 m l prilocaine, and the third group 2 m l 30% dextrose + 0.5 m l prilocaine injections.A second injection was administered to the third group one month later.The fourth group was recommended to use only a wrist splint.Pre-treatment and post-treatment evaluations of the patients were carried out at one and six months by the visual analog scale (vas) in terms of pain, by patient-rated tennis elbow evaluation (prtee) questionnaire in terms of functional level, and by the jamar dynamometer in terms of grip strength.Results in all groups, vas values at one and six months after treatment were found to be lower in comparison to baseline.Except for the splint group, a significant improvement was observed in all three injection groups in terms of grip strength and prtee values at six months compared to the baseline values.In the comparison of the groups, no significant difference was observed in terms of improvement in vas scores and grip strength.While corticosteroid injection was significantly effective in terms of prtee pain, function, and total scores only at one month, the autologous injection was effective in terms of prtee function and total scores at only six months after treatment.There were no significant differences for splint and prolotherapy groups in terms of prtee scores.Conclusion corticosteroid injection, autologous blood injection, and prolotherapy are effective and safe long-term methods in le treatment.

Journal: Turkish journal of physical medicine and rehabilitation (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
X-ray Crystal Structure of a Cyclic-PIP-DNA Complex in the Reverse-Binding Orientation.

Elucidation of the details of the associating mode is one of the major concerns for the precise design of dna-binding molecules that are used for gene regulation.Pyrrole-imidazole polyamide (pip) is a well-established synthetic dna-binding molecule that has sequence-specificity for duplex dna.By the design of the sequence of pyrrole, imidazole, and other synthetic units, pip is bound to the target dna sequence selectively.Here, we report the x-ray crystal structure of newly synthesized chiral cyclic pip (c pip) complexed with dna at 1.5 å resolution and reveal that c pip binds in the reverse orientation in the dna minor groove.Analysis of the crystal structure revealed that the positions of the hydrogen bonds between the bases and the pyrrole-imidazole moieties of c pip were similar for both forward- and reverse-binding orientations and that the distortion of the b-form dna structure caused by c pip binding was also similar for both orientations.We further found that new hydrogen bonds formed between the amino groups on the γ-turn units and dna at both ends of the c pip molecule.Additionally, by comparing the reverse pip orientation with the forward orientation, we could clarify that the cause of the preference toward the reverse orientation in the s-form c pip as used in this study is the overall conformation of the c pip-dna complex, particularly the configuration of hydrogen bonds.These results thus provide an explanation for the different stereoselectivity of c pip binding in the minor groove.

Journal: Journal of the American Chemical Society (2020)
Publication types: Journal Article;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Protocol for mouse optogenetic fMRI at ultrahigh magnetic fields.

Mouse optogenetic functional magnetic resonance imaging (opto-f mri) is critical for linking genes and functions and for mapping cell-type-specific neural circuits in the whole brain.Herein, we describe how opto-f mri images can be reliably obtained in anesthetized mice with minimal distortions at ultrahigh magnetic fields.The protocol includes surgical and anesthesia procedures, animal cradle modification, animal preparation and setup, animal physiology maintenance, and pilot f mri scanning.This protocol will enable reproducible mouse opto-f mri experiments.For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to jung et al.(2021),1jung et al.(2022),2and moon et al.(2021).3.

Journal: STAR protocols (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Ru(II)-Catalyzed Regioselective C(5)-H Functionalization of Quinazolinone-Coumarin Conjugates: Synthesis and Photophysical Studies.

The quinazolinone template offers an exciting potential for transforming molecules into useful bioactivity.Herein, we report the first regioselective c-5 alkenylation of quinazolinone-coumarin conjugates via ruthenium(ii) catalyst using amide as a weak directing group.This methodology permits excellent regioselectivity, extensive substrate tolerance, and mild reaction conditions.In addition, it generates interesting fluorophores that show positive solvatochromism in the range from 404 nm (toluene) to 541 nm (methanol).

Journal: The Journal of organic chemistry (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Dual-Energy CT-Based Bone Marrow Imaging in Multiple Myeloma: Assessment of Focal Lesions in Relation to Disease Status and MRI Findings.

Rationale and objectives to assess focal multiple myeloma bone lesions via dual-energy ct-based virtual noncalcium (vnca) bone marrow imaging in relation to the overall hematological disease status and mri findings.Materials and methods we retrospectively evaluated 103 focal osteolytic lesions of the axial skeleton in vnca bone marrow images of 32 patients.Region of interest-based attenuation measurements were correlated with t1w signal intensity and apparent diffusion coefficient (adc).Results were compared between patients in active and inactive disease.Receiver operating characteristic analysis was performed to determine a cut-off value of vnca attenuation for differentiation between the two groups.Standard of reference was the overall disease status according to international myeloma working group response criteria.Results mean attenuation difference between lesions and background bone marrow was significantly lower in inactive disease (16 hu, sd 30) compared to active disease (35 hu, sd 29).Vnca attenuation measurement allowed for differentiation between active and inactive disease with a sensitivity of 92% and a specificity of 58% at a cut-off value of -21 hu.Vnca attenuation was negatively correlated to t1w signal intensity (spearman's ρ -0.617, p < 0.001) and positively correlated to adc (spearman's ρ 0.521, p < 0.001).Conclusion quantitative assessment of attenuation of focal osteolytic lesions in vnca bone marrow images allows differentiation between overall active and inactive disease with higher attenuation signifying an increasing likelihood of active disease.This is supported by a significant positive correlation between the attenuation and the adc, as well as a corresponding inverse correlation to t1w signal intensity.

Journal: Academic radiology (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
Genotypic and Phenotypic Characterization of PathogenicEscherichia coli,Salmonellaspp., andCampylobacterspp., in Free-Living Birds in Mainland Portugal.

Birds are potential carriers of pathogens affecting humans and agriculture.Aiming to evaluate the occurrence of the top three most important foodborne pathogens in free-living birds in portugal, we investigated 108 individual fecal samples from free-living birds and one pooled sample of gull feces (n= 50) for the presence of escherichia coli(pathogenic and non-pathogenic),salmonellaspp.And campylobacterspp.Virulence- and antimicrobial resistance- (amr) associated genes were detected by pcr and whole-genome sequencing (wgs), and phenotypic (serotyping and amr profiles) characterization was performed.Overall, 8.9% of samples tested positive for pathogenic e.Coli, 2.8% for salmonellaspp., and 9.9% for campylobacterspp.Amr was performed on all pathogenic isolates and in a fraction of non-pathogenic e.Coli, being detected in 25.9% of them.Ten of the tested e.Coliisolates were multidrug-resistant (mdr), and seven of them were extended-spectrum β-lactamase (esbl) producers.Among salmonella(n= 3) and campylobacter(n= 9), only one strain of c.Jejuniwas identified as mdr.Most of the identified serotypes/sequence types had already been found to be associated with human disease.These results show that free-living birds in portugal may act as carriers of foodborne pathogens linked to human disease, some of them resistant to critically important antimicrobials.

Journal: International journal of environmental research and public health (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Referring Physicians Assess the Quality of Outpatient Diagnostic Imaging Services: Development and Psychometric Evaluation of a Questionnaire.

Goal in order to ensure high-quality cooperation between referring physicians and imaging services, it is important to assess the quality of imaging services as perceived by referring physicians.The present study aimed to develop and validate a questionnaire for referring physicians to assess the quality of outpatient diagnostic imaging services.Materials & methods the questionnaire was developed by discussing and modifying an existing instrument by the german association of surgeons.After qualitative pretesting, the instrument was tested with physicians referring to four outpatient diagnostic imaging services in switzerland.The results were first assessed using descriptive statistics.The final instrument was tested for validity using the concept of known-groups validity.The hypothesis underlying this procedure was that physicians referring frequently to services estimated the quality of these services to be higher than physicians who referred less often to services.The differences in ratings were assessed using a one-sided two-sample wilcoxon test.The final questionnaire was tested for internal consistency and reliability using cronbach's alpha.Results results show a high level of satisfaction of referring physicians with the relevant services but also potential for quality improvement initiatives.The psychometric evaluation of the final questionnaire shows that it is a valid instrument, showing significant differences between the ratings of physicians referring with high and low frequency.Furthermore, the instrument proves to be consistent and reliable.Conclusion the final instrument presents a valid, consistent and reliable option for assess the quality of outpatient diagnostic imaging services as perceived by referring physicians.Results can be used as a basis for quality improvement.Key points · a newly developed questionnaire assesses the quality of outpatient diagnostic imaging services as perceived by referring physicians.The questionnaire was developed and tested in switzerland..· psychometric evaluation showed the questionnaire to be a valid, consistent and reliable instrument..· results are of interest for imaging services as well as for initiatives encompassing several services..Citation format · jossen m, valeri f, heilmaier c et al.Referring physicians assess the quality of outpatient diagnostic imaging services: development and psychometric evaluation of a questionnaire.Fortschr röntgenstr 2019; 191: 725 - 731.

Journal: RoFo : Fortschritte auf dem Gebiete der Rontgenstrahlen und der Nuklearmedizin (2019)
Publication types: Evaluation Study;Journal Article
Adaptive Governance of River Deltas Under Accelerating Environmental Change.

Many deltas are increasingly threatened by environmental change, including climate change-induced sea-level rise, land subsidence and reduced sediment delivery.Dealing with these challenges is a pressing necessity because deltas are home to many people and are important centres for economic and agricultural development.Successfully adapting to climate change requires a social-ecological system (ses) perspective, emphasising that social and ecological components of deltas are intertwined.Various modes of governance have been suggested to deal with uncertainty associated with environmental change in sess, such as adaptive governance.Adaptive governance underlines the need for governance systems to be flexible enough to adapt to variable degrees of uncertainty in sess.In this paper, we analyse the dutch delta programme (ddp) and the mekong delta plan (mdp) to explore their strengths and limitations relating to nine principles for adaptive governance proposed by de caro and others.We evaluate the suitability of this framework for the rhine and mekong deltas and contribute to the current understanding of delta governance in light of climate change.Most of the principles outlined by de caro and others are present in the ddp and mdp.However, adaptive governance is context dependent.The rhine and mekong deltas display different obstacles to adaptive governance, some of which are not sufficiently emphasised in this academic adaptive governance framework.Instead of relying on one framework as a blueprint for adaptive governance, using principles from different frameworks depending on the case may be the best approach for addressing environmental challenges in deltas.

Journal: Utrecht law review (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article