syedzayyan/paper_mill_benchmark huggingface dataset:
Equitable, effective, and feasible approaches for a prospective fossil fuel transition.

Most fossil fuel resources must remain unused to comply with the paris agreement on climate change.Scholars and policymakers debate which approaches should be undertaken to leave fossil fuels underground (lffu).However, existing scholarship has not yet inventoried and evaluated the array of approaches to lffu based on their effectiveness, equity, or feasibility.Hence, this review article asks:what lessons can we learn from reviewing scholarship on proposed approaches to leaving fossil fuels underground (lffu)?we identify 28 unique lffu approaches, of which only 12 are deemed environmentally effective (e.g., fossil fuel extraction taxes, bans and moratoria, and financial swaps); eight involve moderate-to-high (non-)monetary costs, and only four are deemed entirely just and equitable.Of the 12 environmentally effective approaches: only three were deemed cost-effective (regulating financial capital for fossil fuel projects, removing existing fossil fuel subsidies, and bans & moratoria); merely four were deemed equitable (asset write-offs, retiring existing fossil infrastructure, pursuing court cases/litigation, and financial swaps); and all were deemed institutionally problematic in terms of their feasibility (six were challenging to implement as they threatened the vested interests of powerful stakeholder groups).Moreover, the reviewed scholarship draws heavily on empirical studies of how these lffu approaches can be optimized in european, north american, and chinese contexts; fewer studies have explored the effectiveness and fairness of lffu approaches in the south and/or in a north-south context.Future research should particularly focus on north-south fossil fuel financial flows, which have received comparatively little attention.This article is categorized under:the carbon economy and climate mitigation > decarbonizing energy and/or reducing demand.

Journal: Wiley interdisciplinary reviews. Climate change (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article;Review
Effects of Vegetation Phenology on Ecosystem Water Use Efficiency in a Semiarid Region of Northern China.

Water use efficiency (wue) is an important ecosystem functional property for measuring coupled relationships of the carbon-water cycle.Both biotic and environmental factors significantly impact wue in terrestrial ecosystems.Relationships between environmental factors and wue have been well discussed in previous studies.Although the crucial role of vegetation phenology, a common indicator of climate-vegetation interactions, in regulating the wue has been widely reported, the underlying mechanism has not yet to be fully elucidated.Here, we utilized multiple long-term remote sensing datasets to analyze the interannual changes in seasonal wue, and discussed the potential associations between phenology and wue in the luanhe river basin, which is a typical semiarid region of china, from 1988 to 2015.Most of the pixels across luanhe river basin showed increasing spring wue and decreasing autumn wue.The start of the growing season (sos) was slightly advanced by an average of 0.06 days per year (d/y) in the whole study area, with a delayed trend (0.04 d/y) in the upper reaches region (ur) and an advanced trend (0.20 d/y) in the middle-lower reaches region (mlr).The end of the growing season (eos) showed a generally delayed trend (0.11 d/y) across the basin.Furthermore, negative correlations were detected between spring wue and sos in the ur, while positive correlations were detected in the mlr.The opposite patterns of the relationship of autumn wue and eos were also found between ur and mlr.The results were attributed to the balance and compensation of biotic and abiotic factors in the regulation of ecosystem wue.Our findings provide new insights into the interaction between vegetation dynamics and carbon-water cycle coupling.

Journal: Frontiers in plant science (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
Analysis of Breakthrough Reactions in 1,143 Desensitization Procedures in a Single Tertiary Hospital Using a One-Bag Desensitization Protocol.

Drug desensitization is helpful for patients who have experienced significant hypersensitivity reactions (hsrs) to antineoplastic agents.One-bag desensitization protocols, attracting attention in recent years, need to be validated on their safety and efficacy in a large number.Methods one-bag desensitization procedures conducted from 2018 to 2020 were analyzed; their outcomes and the risk factors for breakthrough reactions (btrs) were assessed in desensitization procedures to major drug types (platins, taxanes, and monoclonal antibodies).Results a total of 1,143 procedures of one-bag desensitization were performed in 228 patients with 99% completion rate.Btrs occurred in 26% of the total desensitization procedures-34% in platins, 12% in taxanes, and 18% in m abs.Btr occurrence rate decreased along the desensitization process with 80% of btrs occurring within the 6th desensitization attempts.Severe btr occurred more frequently with severe initial hsrs (1% in mild to moderate initial hsrs vs.16% in severe).Severe initial hsr was also a significant risk factor for moderate to severe btr in platins (odds ratio 1.56, 95% confidence interval [ci] 1.06-2.29,p= 0.025).The use of steroid was also associated with lower occurrence of moderate to severe btr (odds ratio 0.50, 95% ci 0.35-0.72,p< 0.001).Conclusion most patients with hsrs to antineoplastic agents can safely receive chemotherapy through a one-bag desensitization protocol.Further studies on each drug with larger sample size can help verify the risk factors of btrs and evaluate the efficacy of steroid premedication in improving the safety of desensitization in high-risk patients.

Journal: Frontiers in allergy (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
Non-Linear Probabilistic Modification of Miner's Rule for Damage Accumulation.

A non-linear modification to miner's rule for damage accumulation is proposed to reduce the scatter between experimental fatigue life and fatigue life predicted according to the original miner's sum.Based on p-s-n probability distribution and design s-n curves, the modification satisfies the assumption of equality between the mean damage degree (at the critical level) and fatigue life random variables, which is not covered in the original formulation.The adopted formulation shows the discrepancies between the fatigue lives predicted according to the design s-n curves and the estimated probability distribution.It also proves that it is inappropriate to apply a normal distribution to fatigue life analysis and that the model becomes non-linear only for non-normal distributions.The predictions according to the established model were compared to the predictions obtained with miner's rule.

Journal: Materials (Basel, Switzerland) (2021)
Publication types: Journal Article
Polysaccharides from apple pomace exhibit anti-fatigue activity through increasing glycogen content.

The polysaccharides were isolated from apple pomace by hot-water extraction, and their anti-fatigue activity was evaluated in c2c12 muscle myoblasts and male kunming mice.The purified polysaccharides from apple pomace (pap) have a molecular weight of 1.74 × 105da and were composed of mannose, rhamnose, glucose, galactose and arabinose.In c2c12 myoblasts, pap showed no cytotoxicity in the concentrations of 0-300 μg/ml.Pap treatment increased the glycogen content, while the atp content was not affected in c2c12 myoblasts.Further investigation found that the activity and gene expression of glycogen synthase, rather than glycogen phosphorylase, were upregulated by pap treatment.The studies in vivo showed that pap treatment did not affect the food intake and weight again in mice.Importantly, pap prolonged the exhaustive swimming time, increased hepatic and skeletal muscle glycogen levels, and effectively inhibited the accumulation of blood lactic and blood urea nitrogen in mice.Taken together, the results suggested that pap exhibit anti-fatigue activity in vitro and in vivo through increasing glycogen content.

Journal: Journal of food science and technology (2023)
Publication types: Journal Article
The Role of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning During the Covid-19 Pandemic: A Review.

Covid-19 is one of the most significant infectious diseases that have faced humanity in the past century from clinical, economic, and social perspectives.Although the role of infectious diseases in human history has been vicious and is well known to humanity, covid-19 is a special case since it is the first worldwide outbreak in the era of advanced computing and telecommunications.For this reason, it was only logical to see artificial intelligence (ai) and machine learning (ml) on the top of the list of controls to compact the spread of covid-19.This paper goes through the applications of ai and ml that were reported in some of the major literature indexes and can be related to the main issues that face healthcare providers during the covid-19 pandemic.This paper also discusses the applicability of these applications to healthcare organizations and points out the main prerequisites before they can be adopted.

Journal: Studies in health technology and informatics (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article;Review
The effect ofChlorella vulgarison obesity related metabolic disorders: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials.

S chlorella vulgaris(cv) as a unicellular algae is a dietary supplement with beneficial nutritious content, used for decades in some countries.Positive effects for cv supplementation on metabolic parameters has been established in animal and human studies.However there is a gap for this results summary for a definite conclusion announce.This systematic review aimed to summarize the effects of cv on body weight, lipid profile, and blood glucose.Content prisma guidelines were charted in this review.Subject search was performed in medline, pro quest, pub med, isi web of sciences, google scholar, cochrane and scopus databases for randomized clinical trials published in english languages, until december 2020, which assessed the effects of cv on metabolic syndrome related symptoms in clinical trials.Summary out of 4,821 records screened, after duplicate and irrelevant exclusion by title and abstract, 20 articles remained for full text screening.Finally a total of 12 articles met the study inclusion criteria and were assessed for study method and results.Outlook the findings showed controversies in anthropometric, glycemic and lipid profile effects.Cv may have beneficial effects on obesity-related metabolic disorders; however, collected studies lacked statistical power to reach a definite conclusion.More well-designed studies are required.

Journal: Journal of complementary & integrative medicine (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article;Review
New classes of tests for the Weibull distribution using Stein's method in the presence of random right censoring.

We develop two new classes of tests for the weibull distribution based on stein's method.The proposed tests are applied in the full sample case as well as in the presence of random right censoring.We investigate the finite sample performance of the new tests using a comprehensive monte carlo study.In both the absence and presence of censoring, it is found that the newly proposed classes of tests outperform competing tests against the majority of the distributions considered.In the cases where censoring is present we consider various censoring distributions.Some remarks on the asymptotic properties of the proposed tests are included.We present another result of independent interest; a test initially proposed for use with full samples is amended to allow for testing for the weibull distribution in the presence of censoring.The techniques developed in the paper are illustrated using two practical examples.

Journal: Computational statistics (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
Impact of interstitial lung disease on postoperative morbidity and 90-day mortality after pulmonary resection.

To evaluate the effect of interstitial lung disease (ild) on postoperative morbidity and mortality in pulmonary resection and identify the factors of ae-ild.Methods we retrospectively analyzed 1,309 patients underwent pulmonary operation between january 2010 and january 2018 in our hospital.Clinical data including age, sex, history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd), smoking history, smoking index, american society of anesthesiologists (asa) classification, charlson comorbidity index (cci), forced expiratory volume in 1 s (fev1) % predict, surgical procedure, video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (vats) or not, intraoperative blood transfusion, anesthesia time, operation time/one-lung ventilation time, blood loss, histology, postoperative morbidity, 90-day mortality, onset of acute exacerbation of ild (ae-ild), and postoperative stay were collected and analyzed.Results there were 97 (7.4%) and 1,212 (92.6%) patients in the ild and non-ild groups, respectively.Ae-ild occurred in 6 patients (0.5%), with a mortality of 83.3%, and was the leading cause of 90-day mortality (55.6%).Age (p<0.001) was an independent risk factor for ild.There were 6 and 91 patients in the ae-ild and non-ae-ild groups, respectively.Asa classification (p=0.038) were independent risk factors for ae-ild.Multivariate regression analysis identified that the sex (p=0.003), ild (p<0.001), copd (p=0.007), surgical procedure (p<0.001), blood loss (p<0.001), cci (p=0.049) were independent risk factors for postoperative morbidity.Ild (p=0.001) and postoperative morbidity (p=0.003) were independent risk factors for 90-day mortality in multivariate analysis.Conclusions patients with ild had a higher incidence of postoperative morbidity and 90-day mortality.Asa classification was an important influencing factor for ae-ild.Based on the obvious postoperative morbidity and mortality, special attention and management should be given to ild patients.

Journal: Translational cancer research (2020)
Publication types: Journal Article
A Link between Intrahepatic Cholestasis and Genetic Variations in Intracellular Trafficking Regulators.

Intrahepatic cholestasis is characterized by the accumulation of compounds in the serum that are normally secreted by hepatocytes into the bile.Genes associated with familial intrahepatic cholestasis (fic) include atp8b1(fic1),abcb11(fic2),abcb4(fic3),tjp2(fic4),nr1f4(fic5) and myo5b(fic6).With advanced genome sequencing methodologies, additional mutated genes are rapidly identified in patients presenting with idiopathic fic.Notably, several of these genes,vps33b,vipas39,scyl1, and ap1s1, together with myo5b, are functionally associated with recycling endosomes and/or the golgi apparatus.These are components of a complex process that controls the sorting and trafficking of proteins, including those involved in bile secretion.These gene variants therefore suggest that defects in intracellular trafficking take a prominent place in fic.Here we review these fic-associated trafficking genes and their variants, their contribution to biliary transporter and canalicular protein trafficking, and, when perturbed, to cholestatic liver disease.Published variants for each of these genes have been summarized in table format, providing a convenient reference for those who work in the intrahepatic cholestasis field.

Journal: Biology (2021)
Publication types: Journal Article;Review
Chest Pain from Pneumopericardium with Gastropericardial Fistula.

Introduction gastropericardial fistula, a connection between the upper gastrointestinal tract and pericardium, is a rare clinical finding most commonly associated with postsurgical complications, as well as direct tissue invasion from gastric cancer.case report.We report a case of a 58-year-old caucasian woman with metastatic colon cancer treated with folfox, a combination chemotherapy regimen, and bevacizumab who presented with chest pain.She was ruled out for acute coronary syndrome, aortic dissection, or pulmonary embolism.A computed tomography (ct) scan of her chest showed pneumopericardium.A barium swallow ruled out esophageal ulceration, and esophagogastroduodenoscopy (egd) showed a large penetrating gastric ulcer with no evidence of gastric dysplasia or malignancy or evidence of helicobacter pylori (h.Pylori).The patient underwent median sternotomy with gastric ulcer resection and repair, as well as pericardial washout and pericardial chest tube placement.After an uncomplicated course, she was safely discharged home.Conclusion given that gastrointestinal ulceration and perforation are known phenomena in patients taking vascular endothelial growth factor (vegf) inhibitors, surveillance endoscopy may be beneficial to discover them before they result in potentially fatal complications such as gastropericardial fistulas.

Journal: Case reports in cardiology (2021)
Publication types: Case Reports;Journal Article
Fetal growth restriction and a single umbilical artery are independent predictors of hypospadias during pregnancy.

Introduction little is known about the association between hypospadias and small fetuses, as well as the pathological implications of fetal growth restriction (fgr).Thus, we aimed to investigate the association between hypospadias and small fetuses using a database of fetal ultrasound and obstetric events.Methods a cohort of male singleton infants delivered after 22 weeks of gestation at keio university hospital between 2013 and 2019 was retrospectively reviewed.Fgr was defined according to the delphi criteria.Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the significant predictors of hypospadias.Placental pathology was reviewed in cases with hypospadias.Results of the 2,040 male infants included in the present study, 23 had hypospadias.The prevalences of a single umbilical artery (sua), small for gestational age, maternal hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, and a small placenta, were significantly higher in infants with hypospadias.Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that fgr (odds ratio [or] = 9.39; 95% confidence interval [ci], 2.50-35.3) and the presence of a sua (or = 33.4; 95% ci, 8.00-139.5) were independently and significantly associated with hypospadias.When fgr was stratified by the time of onset, its association with hypospadias was significant regardless of the time of onset.Moreover, placental histological findings suggested that fetal vascular malperfusion might play a role in hypospadias.Discussion fgr and suas are independent prenatal predictors of the development of hypospadias, and fetal vascular malperfusion of the placenta may be involved in the etiology of hypospadias.

Journal: Placenta (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Reinforcement-learning in fronto-striatal circuits.

We review the current state of knowledge on the computational and neural mechanisms of reinforcement-learning with a particular focus on fronto-striatal circuits.We divide the literature in this area into five broad research themes: the target of the learning-whether it be learning about the value of stimuli or about the value of actions; the nature and complexity of the algorithm used to drive the learning and inference process; how learned values get converted into choices and associated actions; the nature of state representations, and of other cognitive machinery that support the implementation of various reinforcement-learning operations.An emerging fifth area focuses on how the brain allocates or arbitrates control over different reinforcement-learning sub-systems or "experts".We will outline what is known about the role of the prefrontal cortex and striatum in implementing each of these functions.We then conclude by arguing that it will be necessary to build bridges from algorithmic level descriptions of computational reinforcement-learning to implementational level models to better understand how reinforcement-learning emerges from multiple distributed neural networks in the brain.

Journal: Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article;Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural;Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural;Review
Comparative outcomes of heart failure among existent classes of anti-diabetic agents: a network meta-analysis of 171,253 participants from 91 randomized controlled trials.

The cardiovascular (cv) safety in terms of heart failure among different classes of treatment remains largely unknown.We sought to assess the comparative effect of these agents on heart failure outcomes.Methods this study was registered in the international prospective register of systematic reviews (crd 42016042063).Medline, embase, and the cochrane library central register of controlled trials were searched.For the primary outcomes reported previously, studies between jan 1, 1980 and june 30, 2016 were screened, and subsequently updated till jan 24, 2019.We performed network meta-analysis to obtain estimates for the outcomes of heart failure, in particular by rankograms for ranking of heart failure risk as well as by pairwise comparisons among all classes of anti-diabetic medications.Results a total of 91 trials were included, among which were 171,253 participants and 4163 reported cases of heart failure events.As for rankograms, the surface under the cumulative ranking curves (sucra) of sodium-glucose co-transporters 2 and thiazolidinediones were 93.4% and 4.3%, respectively, signifying the lowest and highest risk of heart failure, respectively.As for pairwise comparisons in the network, sodium-glucose co-transporters 2 were significantly superior to insulin (or: 0.75, 95% ci 0.62-0.91), dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors (or: 0.68, 95% ci 0.59-0.78), glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (or: 0.65, 95% ci 0.54-0.78), and thiazolidinediones (or: 0.46, 95% ci 0.27-0.77) in terms of heart failure risk.Furthermore, in an exploratory analysis among subjects with underlying heart failure or at risk of heart failure, the superiority of sodium-glucose co-transporters 2 was still significant.Conclusions in terms of heart failure risk, sodium-glucose co-transporters 2 were the most favorable option among all classes of anti-diabetic medications.

Journal: Cardiovascular diabetology (2019)
Publication types: Journal Article;Meta-Analysis;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't;Systematic Review