syedzayyan/paper_mill_benchmark huggingface dataset:
Site Readiness Framework to Improve Health System Preparedness for a Potential New Alzheimer's Disease Treatment Paradigm.

New therapies that address the underlying pathophysiology of alzheimer's disease (ad), coupled with the growth of the ad population, will transform the ad care pathway and present significant challenges to health systems.We explored real-world challenges health systems may face in delivering potential new ad therapies with diverse stakeholders.Key challenges in care included integrating primary care providers into assessment and management, availability of memory care specialists, understanding payment and coverage issues and training mid-level providers to help coordinate care and serve as a shared resource across the system.This input informed a novel site readiness framework for ad, comprising self-assessment exercises to identify health system capabilities and gaps and a framework of core strategies and responsive tools to help prepare to integrate new ad therapies.These resources may help health systems improve readiness to modify care pathways to integrate new therapies for ad.

Journal: The journal of prevention of Alzheimer's disease (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
A Leigh syndrome caused by compound heterozygous mutations on NDUFAF5 induce early infant death: A case report.

The nadh:ubiquinone oxidoreductase complex assembly factor gene (ndufaf5) has been linked to the occurrence of leigh syndrome, but few causative mutations have been identified.Here we report a rare case of leigh syndrome in an infant who died in the early postnatal period.Methods we performed whole-exome sequencing (wes) and mutation analysis of ndufaf5 to obtain genetic data on the patient and describe the clinical and genetic characteristics.Results the proband was a 2-month-old male infant who suffered from recurrent vomiting and persistent seizure and died at 2 months of age after early medical support and treatment.His parents reported the unexplained death of the infant's older brother at 1 year of age.Wes of the patient's dna revealed c.357c>g and c.611c>t compound heterozygous mutations in ndufaf5; analysis with the mutation taster application indicated that both were pathogenic (p = 0.99).Significant structural changes in the transport domain of the protein were predicted using swiss-model.We estimated the stability of the mutant protein using a mutation cutoff scanning matrix and found reductions in gibbs free energy (-0.623 kcal/mol for p.d119e and -0.813 kcal/mol for p.a204v), indicating that the mutations led to an unstable protein structure.We speculated that the patient died as a result of impaired mitochondrial function caused by the ndufaf5 mutations, and made a diagnosis of leigh syndrome.Conclusion our results demonstrate that molecular genetic screening is useful for the diagnosis of mitochondrial diseases, especially in children with a positive family history.Leigh syndrome should be considered in the diagnosis of patients presenting with severe recurrent vomiting and feeding difficulties with persistent seizure.Our findings expand the mutation spectrum of the ndufaf5 gene and contribute to the genotype-phenotype map of mitochondrial respiratory chain complex i deficiency.

Journal: Molecular genetics & genomic medicine (2022)
Publication types: Case Reports;Journal Article;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Chemical Profiling and Antioxidant and Anti-Amyloid Capacities ofSalvia fruticosaExtracts from Greece.

An increasingly common ailment in elderly persons is alzheimer's disease (ad), a neurodegenerative illness.Present treatment is restricted to alleviating symptoms; hence, there is a requirement to develop an effective approach to ad treatment.salvia fruticosa(sf) is a medicinal plant with a documented neuroprotective potential.To identify extracts of increased neuroprotectivity, we partitioned the methanolic extract of sf aerial parts from greece into several fractions, by employing solvents of different polarities.The fractions were chemically identified and evaluated for their antioxidancy and anti-neurotoxic potential against amyloid beta peptides 25-35 (aβ25-35).Carnosol and carnosic acid were among the prominent compounds, while all partitions showed significant antioxidant capacity, with the diethyl ether and ethyl acetate partitions being the most potent.These, along with the aqueous and the butanolic fractions, demonstrated statistically significant anti-neurotoxic potential.Thus, our findings further validate the neuroprotective potential of sf and support its ethnopharmacological usage as an antioxidant.The particular properties found define sf as a promising source for obtaining extracts or bioactive compounds, possibly beneficial for generating ad-related functional foods or medications.Finally, our results encourage plant extract partitioning for acquiring fractions of enhanced biological properties.

Journal: Plants (Basel, Switzerland) (2023)
Publication types: Journal Article
The changes of electroencephalography in mountaineers on Mount Jade, Taiwan: An observational study.

The diagnosis of acute mountain sickness, which lacks a reliable and objective diagnostic tool, still depends on the clinical symptoms and signs and remains a major threat and unpredictable disease affecting millions of mountaineers.Objectives to record electroencephalography signals with small, convenient, wireless equipment and to test whether electroencephalography parameters, which are more sensitive and reliable markers, could predict the symptoms of acute mountain sickness.Methods twenty-five participants were enrolled and separated into two groups to climb mount jade in taiwan.We collected electrocardiography signals and arterial oxygen saturation data at ground, moderate (2,400 m), and high altitude (3,400 m).A spectral analysis of the electrocardiography was performed to assess the study subjects' electroencephalography activity at different frequencies (α, β, θ, δ) and the mean power frequency of electrocardiography.The clinical symptoms and lake louise acute mountain sickness scores of the subjects were recorded for comparison.Results a significant change in the δ power of electroencephalography was recorded in subjects ascending from the ground to a high altitude of 3,400 m in a 4-day itinerary.In addition, between the two groups of subjects with and without acute mountain sickness (lake louise acute mountain sickness scores < 3 and ≥ 3), the δ power of electroencephalography at the fronto-parietal 1 and parietal 3 electrodes at moderate altitude as well as the changes of δ power and mean power frequency of electrocardiography over parietal 4 at high altitude showed a significant difference.At moderate altitude, the increasing δ power of electroencephalography at the parietal 4 electrode was related to the headache symptom of acute mountain sickness before ascending to high altitude.Conclusion at moderate altitude, the δ power increase of electroencephalography at the p4 electrode could be a predictor of acute mountain sickness symptoms before ascending to high altitude.Thus, electroencephalography had the potential to identify the risk of acute mountain sickness.

Journal: PloS one (2022)
Publication types: Observational Study;Journal Article;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Revisiting the origin and identity specification of the spikelet: A structural innovation in grasses (Poaceae).

Spikelets are highly specialized and short-lived branches and function as a constitutional unit of the complex grass inflorescences.A series of genetic, genomic, and developmental studies across different clades of the family have called for and permitted a synthesis on the regulation and evolution of spikelets, and hence inflorescence diversity.Here, we have revisited the identity specification of a spikelet, focusing on the diagnostic features of a spikelet from morphological, developmental, and molecular perspectives.Particularly, recent studies on a collection of barley (hordeum vulgare l.), wheat (triticum spp.), and rice (oryza sativa l.) mutants have highlighted a set of transcription factors that are important in the control of spikelet identity and the patterning of floral parts of a spikelet.In addition, we have endeavored to clarify some puzzling issues on the (in)determinacy and modifications of spikelets over the course of evolution.Meanwhile, genomes of two sister taxa of the remaining grass species have again demonstrated the importance of genome duplication and subsequent gene losses on the evolution of spikelets.Accordingly, we argue that changes in the orthologs of spikelet-related genes could be critical for the development and evolution of the spikelet, an evolutionary innovation in the grass family.Likewise, the conceptual discussions on the regulation of a fundamental unit of compound inflorescences could be translated into other organismal groups where compound structures are similarly formed, permitting a comparative perspective on the control of biological complexity.

Journal: Plant physiology (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
A case of chest tightness variant asthma : the usefulness of fractional exhaled nitric oxide as a marker for the diagnosis and clinical improvement.

A 50-year-old woman was referred to our hospital for further examination of severe constricting pain at the right-side dominant anterior chest.She had medical history of outgrown childhood asthma and allergies to several animals.Chest auscultation revealed no wheezes, rhonchi and other crackles.Laboratory findings showed an eosinophilia and an elevation of total immunoglobulin e.The results of an electrocardiogram, a chest x-ray and a chest ct were unremarkable.A fractional exhaled nitric oxide value remarkably elevated, but the abnormalities in pulmonary function test were modest.Her chest pain was ameliorated after inhaling procaterol.Based on these findings, a diagnosis of chest tightness variant asthma was formulated, and we started treatment with inhaled corticosteroid / long acting β2 agonist.At two-weeks after treatment, her symptom markedly improved and a fractional exhaled nitric oxide value decreased, which led to a definitive diagnosis of chest tightness variant asthma.A fractional exhaled nitric oxide value further decreased to the normal range in consistent with symptom disappearance at 10-months after treatment, indicating the usefulness of fractional exhaled nitric oxide as a promising marker for the diagnosis and clinical improvement of chest tightness variant asthma.J.Med.Invest.68 : 389-392, august, 2021.

Journal: The journal of medical investigation : JMI (2021)
Publication types: Case Reports;Journal Article
Non-Hermitian Chern Bands.

The relation between chiral edge modes and bulk chern numbers of quantum hall insulators is a paradigmatic example of bulk-boundary correspondence.We show that the chiral edge modes are not strictly tied to the chern numbers defined by a non-hermitian bloch hamiltonian.This breakdown of conventional bulk-boundary correspondence stems from the non-bloch-wave behavior of eigenstates (non-hermitian skin effect), which generates pronounced deviations of phase diagrams from the bloch theory.We introduce non-bloch chern numbers that faithfully predict the numbers of chiral edge modes.The theory is backed up by the open-boundary energy spectra, dynamics, and phase diagram of representative lattice models.Our results highlight a unique feature of non-hermitian bands and suggest a non-bloch framework to characterize their topology.

Journal: Physical review letters (2018)
Publication types: Journal Article
Circumcision is a primary preventive against HIV infection: Critique of a contrary meta-regression analysis by Van Howe.

A meta-analysis by van howe of 109 populations confirms the well-known association of male circumcision (mc) with reduced hiv prevalence.He then performed meta-regression adjusting for location, risk and mc prevalence.When one or two of these adjustments in combination were applied mc appeared protective, but when all three were introduced the association remained significant in high-risk populations, but not in general populations within africa with a hypothetical mc prevalence of <25% or elsewhere with hypothetical mc prevalence of <75%.However, many mc prevalence values given differed from those reported in references cited (including all us studies).This and other problems invalidate his adjustments for mc prevalence, undermining most of his meta-regression results.Meta-regression is a highly sophisticated statistical tool and is prone to error if not applied correctly.The study contained a high risk of bias arising from confounding.We also question his use of crude, rather than adjusted, odds ratios and his inclusion of unpublished data, so precluding replication by others.Flawed statistics, opaque presentation of results and inclusion of previously repudiated arguments downplaying a role for mc in hiv prevention programmes should lead readers to be sceptical of the findings and conclusions of van howe's study.

Journal: Global public health (2018)
Publication types: Journal Article;Comment
The International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics (ISAPP) consensus statement on the definition and scope of synbiotics.

In may 2019, the international scientific association for probiotics and prebiotics (isapp) convened a panel of nutritionists, physiologists and microbiologists to review the definition and scope of synbiotics.The panel updated the definition of a synbiotic to "a mixture comprising live microorganisms and substrate(s) selectively utilized by host microorganisms that confers a health benefit on the host".The panel concluded that defining synbiotics as simply a mixture of probiotics and prebiotics could suppress the innovation of synbiotics that are designed to function cooperatively.Requiring that each component must meet the evidence and dose requirements for probiotics and prebiotics individually could also present an obstacle.Rather, the panel clarified that a complementary synbiotic, which has not been designed so that its component parts function cooperatively, must be composed of a probiotic plus a prebiotic, whereas a synergistic synbiotic does not need to be so.A synergistic synbiotic is a synbiotic for which the substrate is designed to be selectively utilized by the co-administered microorganisms.This consensus statement further explores the levels of evidence (existing and required), safety, effects upon targets and implications for stakeholders of the synbiotic concept.

Journal: Nature reviews. Gastroenterology & hepatology (2020)
Publication types: Consensus Development Conference, NIH;Journal Article;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't;Review
Inequalities in mental health, self-rated health, and social support among sexual minority young adults during the COVID-19 pandemic: analyses from the UK Millennium Cohort Study.

Young adults who self-identify as a sexual minority may have been particularly harmed by the consequences of lockdown, closure of educational institutions, and social distancing measures as they are likely to have been confined in households that may not be supportive of their sexual orientation.We examine inequalities in the mental health and self-rated health of sexual minority young adults, compared to their heterosexual peers, at the height of lockdown restrictions in the uk.Methods we analysed data from singletons who participated in waves 6, 7, and the wave 1 covid-19 survey (n = 2211) of the millennium cohort study, a nationally representative longitudinal study of infants born in the uk between september 2000 and january 2002.Regression models compared the mental health, self-rated health, and social support of sexual minority young adults to that of their heterosexual peers.Results one in four young adults self-identified with a sexual orientation or attraction other than completely heterosexual.Sexual minority young adults had significantly lower levels of social support (β = - 0.38, se 0.08), poorer self-rated health (or 3.91, 95% ci 2.41-6.34), and higher levels of psychological distress (β = 2.26, se 0.34), anxiety (β = 0.40, se 0.15), and loneliness (β = 0.66, se 0.18) when compared to heterosexual young adults.Conclusions sexual minority young adults in the uk have been detrimentally impacted by the coronavirus pandemic, experiencing inequalities in mental health, self-rated health, and social support when compared to heterosexual young adults.Implications for policy and practice include a stronger provision of safe spaces in the community and in institutions, and policies that address marginalisation and harassment.

Journal: Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
A novel approach for effective superior vena cava isolation using the CARTO electroanatomical mapping system.

Previous studies have demonstrated that some patients have spontaneous right atrium (ra)-superior vena cava (svc) conduction block, which could be utilized to isolate the svc effectively by using the rhythmia mapping system (boston scientific).However, employing this approach for svc isolation using the carto electroanatomical mapping system (biosense webster) has not yet been clarified.This study aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of svc isolation using the extended early meets late (eeml) tool with the carto system.Methods the patients who underwent svc isolation using the carto system were enrolled in this study.The ra-svc conduction block was visualized with an eeml tool.We prospectively assessed the safety and efficacy of svc isolation using this system.Results we analyzed 54 patients, and all svcs were successfully isolated with no complications.Altogether, 44 patients (81.5%) had spontaneous ra-svc conduction block, and the remaining 10 patients (18.5%) did not.The block group required fewer radiofrequency deliveries for the svc isolation than the nonblock group (10.7 ± 5.0 vs 15.5 ± 4.8,p= .009).The size of the isolated area in the block group was larger than that in the nonblock group (15.2 ± 5.1 cm2vs 12.4 ± 2.5 cm2,p= .017).Conclusions approximately 80% of the patients in this study developed a spontaneous ra-svc conduction block, which might contribute to shortening the time of ablation and avoiding complications.

Journal: Journal of arrhythmia (2021)
Publication types: Journal Article
Tissue-specific Physical and Biological Microenvironments Modulate the Behavior of Cervical Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

The mechanisms controlling the aggressiveness and survival of cervical scc cells remain unclear.We investigated how the physical and biological microenvironments regulate the growth, apoptosis and invasiveness of cervical cancer cells.Dynamic flow and air exposure were evaluated as physical microenvironmental factors, and stromal fibroblasts were evaluated as a biological microenvironmental factor.To investigate any regulatory effects of these microenvironmental factors, we established a new culture model which concurrently replicates fluid streaming, air exposure and cancer-stromal interactions.Three cervical cancer cell lines were cultured with or without nih 3t3 fibroblasts.Air exposure was realized using a double-dish culture system.Dynamic flow was created using a rotary shaker.Dynamic flow and air exposure promoted the proliferative activity and decreased the apoptosis of cervical cancer cells.Fibroblasts regulated the invasive ability, growth and apoptosis of cervical cancer cells.Extracellular signal-regulated kinase and p38 signaling were regulated either synergistically or independently by dynamic flow, air exposure and cellular interactions, depending on the cervical cancer cell type.This study demonstrates that the physical and biological microenvironments interact to regulate the aggressiveness and survival of cervical cancer cells.Our simple culture system is a promising model for developing further treatment strategies for various types of cancer.

Journal: Acta histochemica et cytochemica (2021)
Publication types: Journal Article
Single-Cell RNA-Seq of Bone Marrow Cells in Aplastic Anemia.

Aplastic anemia (aa) is an autoimmune disease characterized by peripheral blood pancytopenia and bone marrow failure.Recently, a research study verified bone marrow failure of aa patients resulting from hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (hspc) attack by active t cells.Nonetheless, whether b cells, as one of the important immune cells, destruct the hematopoiesis is still unclear.Here, a large-scale single-cell transcriptomic sequencing of 20,000 bone marrow cells from aa patients and healthy donors was performed.A total of 17 clusters and differentially expressed genes were identified in each cluster relative to other clusters, which were considered potential marker genes in each cluster.The top differentially expressed genes in hspcs (s100a8, retn, and tnfaip3), monocytes (cxcl8, jun, and il1b), and neutrophils and granulocytes (cxcl8, nfkbia, and mt-cyb) were related to immune and inflammatory injury.Then, the b-cell receptor (bcr) diversities and pairing frequencies of v and j genes were analyzed.The highest pairing frequencies in aa patients were ighv3-20-igkj2, ighv3-20-igkj4, and ighv3-20-ighlj2.Meanwhile, there were 3 v genes, including ighv3-7, ighv3-33, and iglv2-11, with elevated expression in b cells from aa patients.Cell type-specific ligand-receptor was further identified in b-cell interaction with hematopoietic cells in the bone marrow.The changed ligand-receptor pairs involved antigen presentation, inflammation, apoptosis, and proliferation of b cells.These data showed the transcriptomic landscape of hematopoiesis in aa at single-cell resolution, providing new insights into hematopoiesis failure related with aberrance of b cells, and provide available targets of treatment for aa.

Journal: Frontiers in genetics (2021)
Publication types: Journal Article
Inhibitory effect of Buddlejasaponin IVb on porcine epidemic diarrhea virus in vivo and in vitro.

Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) is one of the main pathogens causing severe diarrhea in piglets.Infection of the host induces apoptosis, causing huge economic losses to the pig industry.At present, the preventive and therapeutic effects of commercial vaccines are not satisfactory, and it is necessary to develop new anti-pedv drugs.In this study, we screened the pedv-inhibiting drug buddlejasaponin ivb from the natural product library, and determined the inhibitory effect of buddlejasaponin ivb on pedv proliferation in a dose-dependent manner.By exploring the effect of buddlejasaponin ivb on the life cycle of pedv, it was found that buddlejasaponin ivb mainly inhibits the replication and release stages of pedv, but there is no report at home and abroad.In addition, buddlejasaponin ivb can inhibit pedv-activated nf-κb signaling pathway by downregulating pedv or lps induced elevation of cytokine levels (il-6, il-8, il-1β, tnf-α).Finally, we returned to in vivo experiments to explore the antiviral effects of the drug in pigs.The results show that buddlejasaponin ivb can effectively relieve the clinical symptoms and intestinal damage caused by pedv infection in pigs.Therefore, this study will provide an important basis for the research on antiviral drugs of pedv and its members, and at the same time provide guidance for the actual production, which has important application prospects.

Journal: Veterinary microbiology (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article