syedzayyan/paper_mill_benchmark huggingface dataset:
Aggregating exposures and toxicity equivalence approach into an integrated probabilistic dietary risk assessment for perchlorate, nitrate, and thiocyanate: Results from the National food monitoring study and National Food Consumption Database.

Perchlorate, nitrate, and thiocyanate, namely thyroid disrupting chemicals (tdcs), are found ubiquitously in the environment, leading to broad human exposure and primary uptake through the food web and drinking water.Tdcs are all competitive inhibitors of thyroid iodide uptake activity, but limited studies have assessed the cumulative risk of dietary exposure to multiple tdcs.Thus, in this study, we analyzed the individual exposure risk from 310 food samples in 11 categories, and also assessed the cumulative health risks from tdcs for the taiwanese population using a perchlorate equivalent concentration (pec) approach.Consequently, this study not only demonstrated the non-carcinogenic health risks from individual exposure but also highlighted that the cumulative exposure to these tdcs may adversely affect human thyroid functioning.Vegetables, livestock, fruits, and dairy products are the most susceptible to pec exposure.We highlighted nitrate as the main contributor to pec exposure.Finally, controlling the overall tdc concentrations from vegetables, livestock, fruits, and dairy products is emphasized in this study.This is the first study to conduct a cumulative risk assessment of dietary exposure to tdcs using the pec approach for the taiwanese population through probabilistic and sensitivity analyses.

Journal: Environmental research (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Resuscitative Effect of Centhaquine (Lyfaquin®) in Hypovolemic Shock Patients: A Randomized, Multicentric, Controlled Trial.

Introduction centhaquine (lyfaquin®) showed significant efficacy as a resuscitative agent in animal models of haemorrhagic shock.Its safety and tolerability were confirmed in healthy human volunteers.In this study, our primary objective was to determine the safety, and the secondary objective was to assess the efficacy of centhaquine in patients with hypovolemic shock.Methods a prospective, multicentre, randomized phase ii study was conducted in male and female patients aged 18-70 years with hypovolemic shock having systolic bp ≤ 90 mm hg.Patients were randomized in a 1:1 ratio to either the control or centhaquine group.The control group received 100 ml of normal saline infusion over 1 h, while the centhaquine group received 0.01 mg/kg of centhaquine in 100 ml normal saline infusion over 1 h.Every patient received standard of care (soc) and was followed for 28 days.Results fifty patients were included, and 45 completed the trial: 22 in the control group and 23 in the centhaquine group.The demographics of patients in both groups were comparable.No adverse event related to centhaquine was recorded in the 28-day observation period.The baseline, injury scoring system score, haemoglobin, and haematocrit were similar in both groups.However, 91% of the patients in the centhaquine group needed major surgery, whereas only 68% in the control group (p = 0.0526).Twenty-eight-day all-cause mortality was 0/23 in the centhaquine group and 2/22 in the control group.The percent time in icu and ventilator support was less in the centhaquine group than in the control group.The total amount of vasopressors needed in the first 48 h of resuscitation was lower in the centhaquine group than in the control group (3.12 ± 2.18 vs.9.39 ± 4.28 mg).An increase in systolic and diastolic bp from baseline through 48 h was more marked in the centhaquine group than in the control group.Compared with the control group, blood lactate level was lower by 1.75 ± 1.07 mmol/l in the centhaquine group on day 3 of resuscitation.Improvements in base deficit, multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (mods) score and adult respiratory distress syndrome (ards) were greater in the centhaquine group than in the control group.Conclusion when added to soc, centhaquine is a well-tolerated and effective resuscitative agent.It improves the clinical outcome of patients with hypovolemic shock.Trial registration clinical trials.gov identifier number: nct04056065.

Journal: Advances in therapy (2021)
Publication types: Clinical Trial, Phase II;Journal Article;Multicenter Study;Randomized Controlled Trial;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Comparison of L1 CT-attenuation and cortical thickness in predicting osteoporosis by opportunistic CT.

In vertebrae, the amount of cortical bone has been estimated at 30-60%, but 45-75% of axial load on a vertebral body is borne by cortical bone.Objective to compare the role of l1 ct-attenuation and cortical thickness in predicting osteoporosis by opportunistic ct and explore cortical thickness value in osteoporosis.Methods we collected data of 94 patients who underwent dxa and thoracic and/or abdominal ct to demonstrate an entire l1 for other indications in routine practice.Patients were divided into three groups according to t-score: osteoporosis, osteopenia, or normal.Ct-attenuation value and cortical thickness of l1 were measured.Anova analysis was utilized to analyze ct-attenuation and cortical thickness among the three groups.Sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve (auc) predicting low bmd were determined using roc.Pearson correlations were employed to describe relationship between l1 bmd and ct-attenuation value, bmd, as well as cortical thickness.Results the mean cortical thickness was 0.83±0.11, 0.72±0.10, and 0.64±0.09 mm for normal, osteopenia, and osteoporotic subgroups, respectively.A statistically significant difference was observed in cortical thickness and ct-attenuation value among these three subgroups.A mean ct-attenuation value threshold of > 148.7 yielded 73.0% sensitivity and 86.0% specificity for distinguishing low bmd from normal with an auc = 0.83.Pearson correlation analysis indicated that bmd was positively correlated with ct-attenuation (r = 0.666, p < 0.001) and cortical thickness (r = 0.604, p < 0.001).Conclusions l1 ct-attenuation and cortical thickness measured on opportunistic ct can help predict osteoporosis.Compared with cortical thickness, ct-attenuation is a more sensitive and accurate index for distinguishing low bmd from normal.

Journal: Journal of X-ray science and technology (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation improves postabsorptive and prandial protein metabolism in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a randomized clinical trial.

Disturbances in protein metabolism and impaired muscle health have been observed in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd).The ω-3 (n-3) pufas epa and dha are known for their anti-inflammatory and muscle health-enhancing properties.Objectives we examined whether daily epa + dha supplementation can improve daily protein homeostasis in patients with copd by reducing postabsorptive whole-body protein breakdown (pb) and enhancing the anabolic response to feeding in a dose-dependent way.Methods normal-weight participants with moderate to severe copd (n = 32) received daily for 4 wk, according to a randomized double-blind placebo controlled 3-group design, a high dose (3.5 g, n = 10) of epa + dha, a low dose (2.0 g, n = 10) of epa + dha, or placebo (olive oil, n = 12) via gel capsules.At pre- and postintervention, stable isotope tracers were infused to assess postabsorptive net pb [postabsorptive pb - protein synthesis (ps)] and the anabolic response (prandial net ps = prandial ps-pb) to a protein meal.In addition, muscle mass and function were measured.Results plasma phosphatidylcholine epa and dha concentrations were higher after 4 wk of supplementation in both epa + dha groups (p < 0.004), and there was a trend toward higher values for plasma epa after the high compared with the low dose of epa + dha (p = 0.065).Postabsorptive pb was lower after 4 wk of the high dose of epa + dha, whereas net pb was lower independent of the dose of epa + dha (low dose, p = 0.037; high dose, p = 0.026).Prandial net ps was increased only after the high dose of epa + dha (p = 0.03).Extremity lean mass but not muscle function was increased, independent of the epa + dha dose (p < 0.05).Conclusions daily n-3 pufa supplementation for 4 wk induces a shift toward a positive daily protein homeostasis in patients with copd in part in a dose-dependent way.Daily doses up to 3.5 g epa and dha are still well tolerated and lead to protein gain in these patients.This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as nct01624792.

Journal: The American journal of clinical nutrition (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article;Randomized Controlled Trial;Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Observational retrospective analysis of vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 and seizures: VACCI-COVID registry.

We aimed to assess the risk of developing new-onset seizures or seizure decompensations in people with epilepsy (pwe) associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-co v-2) vaccines.Methods a retrospective observational study in a tertiary hospital was conducted.Clinical records of all patients attended because of seizures or epilepsy at outpatient clinics, emergency department, or admitted to our hospital from january to december 2021 were reviewed, including patients older than 16 years who received some dose of coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) vaccines.Results a total of 418 vaccinated pwe were analyzed: 6.2% presented an increase in seizure frequency and 1% reported different seizure types during the next month after vaccination.However, 61.5% had another possible cause for this decompensation.Having monthly seizures (1-3/month) was the only associated risk factor (or 4.9, p 1 year had a protective role (or 0.36, p = 0.019).Patients with epileptic encephalopathies or a history of covid-19 infection were not at increased risk of seizure decompensation.Besides this, 15 patients presented new-onset seizures within the first month post-vaccination, mean time from vaccination 15 ± 8 days, 67% after the second dose.Again, 53.3% had another possible trigger for seizures.Eight debuted with status epilepticus or cluster of seizures.Conclusions a small proportion of pwe (6.2%) had an increase in seizure frequency after covid-19 vaccination and 15 patients had new-onset seizures during the first month after vaccination, though another reason for seizure exacerbation was identified in 61.5% and 53.3%, respectively.Severe acute respiratory syndrome covid-19 vaccines appear to have little impact on the generation or decompensation of seizures.

Journal: Epilepsy & behavior : E&B (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article;Observational Study
Physicochemical parameters, lipids stability, and volatiles profile of vacuum-packaged fresh Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) loins preserved by hyperbaric storage at 10 °C.

Lipid stability, physical properties and volatiles profile of vacuum-packaged fresh atlantic salmon (salmo salar) loins were evaluated after hyperbaric storage at low temperature (hs/lt: 60 mpa/10 °c) and compared to atmospheric pressure and conventional refrigeration (ap/5 °c) after 5, 15 and 30 days, and at low temperature (ap/10 °c), after 5 and 15 days.No variations in drip loss and water holding capacity were observed for hs/lt samples.Compared to ap, hs/lt caused lower changes on muscle fibres, visible by scanning electron micrographs, and a decrease of resilience property (only after 30 days).In addition, myofibrillar fragmentation index did not change at hs/lt.Fatty acids were generally not affected by the different storage conditions, while the polyene index at hs/lt was similar to fresh samples during the 30 days of storage, confirmed by the lower lipid oxidation state of these samples, compared to ap.According to the volatile profile (spme-gc/ms), hs samples showed to be more similar to the fresh ones, retaining fresh-like alcohols and aldehydes, generally not detected in ap samples after 15 days, the latter presenting spoilage-related compounds probably derived from microbial activity.According to these results, hs/lt represents a promising preservation methodology for fresh salmon loins (and fish in general), retaining better important physicochemical properties for 30 days, when compared to the conventional refrigeration.

Journal: Food research international (Ottawa, Ont.) (2020)
Publication types: Journal Article;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Modelling sexual violence in male rats: the sexual aggression test (SxAT).

Sexual assault and rape are crimes that impact victims worldwide.Although the psychosocial and eco-evolutionary factors associated with this antisocial behavior have repeatedly been studied, the underlying neurobiological mechanisms are still largely unknown.Here, we established a novel paradigm to provoke and subsequently assess sexual aggression (sx a) in adult male wistar rats: the sexual aggression test (sx at).Briefly, male wistar rats are sexually aroused by a receptive female, which is exchanged by a non-receptive female immediately after the first intromission.This protocol elicits forced mounting and aggressive behavior toward the non-receptive female to different degrees, which can be scored.In a series of experiments we have shown that sx a behavior is a relatively stable trait in rats and correlates positively with sexual motivation.Rats with innate abnormal anxiety and aggressive behavior also show abnormal sx a behavior.In addition, central infusion of oxytocin moderately inhibits aggressive behavior, but increases forced mounting.Finally, we identified the agranular insular cortex to be specifically activated by sx a, however, inhibition of this region did not significantly alter behavior in the sx at.Altogether, the sx at is a paradigm that can be readily implemented in behavioral laboratories as a valuable tool to find answers regarding the biological mechanisms underlying sx a in humans, as well as social decision-making in general.

Journal: Translational psychiatry (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Bachelor of Science in Nursing students' perceptions of being a nurse: A scoping review.

High attrition rates in new graduate nurses maybe attributed to unrealistic perceptions of being a nurse.It is therefore important to identify nursing students' perceptions and the factors that influence them.Aim the present study was conducted to identify and describe the literature relating to nursing students' perceptions of being a nurse.Research questions guiding the review were: (1) what are nursing students' perceptions of nursing?(2) what factors influence nursing students' perceptions of nursing?Method a scoping literature review was conducted between the years 2008 and march 2022 to capture nursing student perceptions from multiple countries, and year levels of study to note the changes in perceptions overtime.The data sources consisted of five electronic data bases; cinahl, medline, psych info, scopus, and web of science and search engine google scholar revealed 39 relevant sources.A scoping review methodology informed by the joanna briggs institute and a published scoping review checklist guided this review.An inductive thematic analysis identified five key themes.Results key themes: attributes and characteristics of nurses; nursing as a profession; skills required for nursing; gender perceptions; and influence of time and previous health work experience.Findings provide insight for future research to ensure the adequacy of curricula experiences in preparing new graduates for having realistic perceptions for practice.Conclusion for nursing students to be prepared for the role of a nurse they must have realistic perceptions of what it means to be a nurse.Whilst it is evident that perceptions can be influenced by a variety of sources, this review highlights a lack of research pertaining to perceptions related to the physical, emotional, and social effects on an individual from being a nurse.

Journal: Journal of professional nursing : official journal of the American Association of Colleges of Nursing (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article;Review
Interplay between chromophore binding and domain assembly by the B12-dependent photoreceptor protein, CarH.

Organisms across the natural world respond to their environment through the action of photoreceptor proteins.The vitamin b12-dependent photoreceptor, car h, is a bacterial transcriptional regulator that controls the biosynthesis of carotenoids to protect against photo-oxidative stress.The binding of b12to car h monomers in the dark results in the formation of a homo-tetramer that complexes with dna; b12photochemistry results in tetramer dissociation, releasing dna for transcription.Although the details of the response of car h to light are beginning to emerge, the biophysical mechanism of b12-binding in the dark and how this drives domain assembly is poorly understood.Here - using a combination of molecular dynamics simulations, native ion mobility mass spectrometry and time-resolved spectroscopy - we reveal a complex picture that varies depending on the availability of b12.When b12is in excess, its binding drives structural changes in car h monomers that result in the formation of head-to-tail dimers.The structural changes that accompany these steps mean that they are rate-limiting.The dimers then rapidly combine to form tetramers.Strikingly, when b12is scarcer, as is likely in nature, tetramers with native-like structures can form without a b12complement to each monomer, with only one apparently required per head-to-tail dimer.We thus show how a bulky chromophore such as b12shapes protein/protein interactions and in turn function, and how a protein can adapt to a sub-optimal availability of resources.This nuanced picture should help guide the engineering of b12-dependent photoreceptors as light-activated tools for biomedical applications.

Journal: Chemical science (2021)
Publication types: Journal Article
UHPLC-HRMS study of pharmacokinetics of a novel hybrid cholinesterase inhibitor K1234: A comparison between in silico, in vitro and in vivo data.

Alzheimer's disease (ad) is one of the most common forms of dementia.Current anti-ad therapeutics exploit the cholinergic hypothesis of its pathophysiology; they aim to inhibit cerebral cholinesterases.K1234 is a novel hybrid molecule derived from huperzine a and 7-meota-huperzine which shows increased potency in acetylcholinesterase inhibition in vitro compared to the compounds themselves.The study focused on description of the pharmacokinetic behaviour of k1234, blood-brain barrier penetration, identification of the main in vitro and in vivo metabolites.K1234 is relatively non-toxic compound, that is rapidly absorbed after i.p.Administration reaching cmaxwithin minutes, with extensive distribution into tissues and fast metabolism in mice.The dominant metabolic pathway appears to be glucuronidation of the parent molecule and its phase-i metabolites.The passage of k1234 across the blood-brain-barrier in mice appears to be limited, as it reached only approximately one third of the auc of plasma.

Journal: Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
A distributional approach to measuring lifespan stratification.

The study of the mortality differences between groups has traditionally focused on metrics that describe average levels of mortality, for example life expectancy and standardized mortality rates.Additional insights can be gained by using statistical distance metrics to examine differences in lifespan distributions between groups.Here, we use a distance metric, the non-overlap index, to capture the sociological concept of stratification, which emphasizes the emergence of unique, hierarchically layered social strata.We show an application using finnish registration data that cover the entire population over the period from 1996 to 2017.The results indicate that lifespan stratification and life-expectancy differences between income groups both increased substantially from 1996 to 2008; subsequently, life-expectancy differences declined, whereas stratification stagnated for men and increased for women.We conclude that the non-overlap index uncovers a unique domain of inequalities in mortality and helps to capture important between-group differences that conventional approaches miss.

Journal: Population studies (2023)
Publication types: Journal Article
Janus Particle Preparation through UV-Induced Partial Photodegradation of Spin-Coated Particle Films.

Janus particles contain two or more chemical properties typically on opposing faces.With various property combinations possible, there are several potential applications, such as surfactants and drug delivery.However, scaling up the particle production process at reasonable cost is a limiting factor, and the method reported here aims to circumvent this issue.The process is based on a top-down destructive strategy that consists of two steps.Photocatalytic titanium dioxide particles prefunctionalized with a surface coating were assembled as particle films via spin-coating on a substrate.The particle films were placed directly under an ultraviolet light source, which induced the photodegradation of the surface coating only on the particle surfaces exposed to the light.The generated janus particles were amphiphobic-amphiphilic in character.The janus particles had a theoretical janus balance close to ideal and remained attached at a hexane/water interface after disruption.They were able to make pickering emulsions of water in silicone oil with a low energy input.The reported method may be easily scaled up to facilitate the production of gram-scale yields.The use of uv is clean and efficient and can be applied to semiconductor particles with surface coatings that are susceptible to photodegradation, making this method highly versatile.

Journal: Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids (2021)
Publication types: Journal Article
Injectable Filler Technique for Face Lifting Based on Dissection of True Facial Ligaments.

Strengthening weakened ligament tissues with injectable fillers to improve their supportive effect may achieve the aesthetic goal of face lifting.Objectives the aim of the study was to design an injectable technique for enhancing the true facial ligaments and dissect the ligaments to provide anatomical guidance for effective injection.Methods six true facial ligaments were chosen as target anatomical sites for injection.Specimens were dissected, and 3-dimensional (3d) images were reconstructed to confirm the exact location of each injection site and to confirm that the proposed injection routes will not cause dangerous vascular damage.A total of 5 patients received the injections; 3d images were taken before and after the injections for comparison and clinical outcome assessments.Results the injection technique was designed to target 6 true facial ligaments, as follows.Site 1 targeted the temporal ligamentous adhesion region to lift the lateral ends of the eyebrows.Site 2 targeted the region of the lateral orbital thickening to lift the lateral canthus.Site 3 and site 4 targeted the zygomatic retaining ligaments and zygomatic cutaneous ligaments, respectively, to augment the soft tissues of the midface.Site 5 targeted the region of the maxillary ligament to lessen the nasolabial folds, and site 6 targeted the mandibular ligament to reduce the marionette line.Conclusions this site-specific injection technique targeting the true ligaments may lead to increased efficiency and accuracy of face rejuvenation and exert a lifting effect.Level of evidence: 4

Journal: Aesthetic surgery journal (2021)
Publication types: Journal Article