syedzayyan/paper_mill_benchmark huggingface dataset:
Risk Factors and Outcomes Associated with Blunt Cerebrovascular Injury in Patients with Mild or Moderate Traumatic Brain Injury.

Blunt cerebrovascular injury (bcvi) represents a spectrum of traumatic injuries to the carotid and vertebral arteries that is an often-overlooked source of morbidity and mortality.Its incidence, risk factors, and effect on outcomes in patients with mild or moderate traumatic brain injury (m tbi) have not been studied independently.Methods the national trauma data bank from 2013 to 2017 was queried to identify patients with m tbi who suffered blunt injuries.Bcvi was identified using abbreviated injury scores and included blunt carotid artery injury (bcai) and blunt vertebral artery injury (bvai).A binary logistic regression was used to identify patient-related and injury-related factors associated with bcvi.Binary logistic regressions were also performed to evaluate the effect of bcvi on stroke, in-hospital mortality, nonroutine discharge disposition, total length of stay (los), intensive care unit los, and number of days mechanically ventilated.Results of 485,880 patients with m tbi, there were 4,382 (0.9%) with bcvi.Cervical spine fracture was the strongest factor associated with bcai (odds ratio [or], 1.97; 95% confidence interval [95% ci], 1.77-2.19), followed by mandible fracture and basilar skull fracture.Cervical spine fracture also had the strongest association with bvai (or, 18.28; 95% ci, 16.47-20.28), followed by spinal cord injury and neck contusion.Stroke was more common in patients with bcai (or, 5.50; 95% ci, 4.19-7.21) and bvai (or, 7.238; 95% ci, 5.929-8.836).Bvai increased the odds of mortality, but bcai did not.Both were associated with nonroutine discharge and increased los, intensive care unit los, and number of days mechanically ventilated.Conclusions the incidence of bcvi in patients with m tbi is low, and it usually does not require invasive treatment.However, it is associated with greater odds of stroke and negative outcomes.Knowledge of risk factors for bcvi may tailor further investigation to aid prompt diagnosis.

Journal: Annals of vascular surgery (2021)
Publication types: Journal Article
Erythropoietin Produces a Dual Effect on Carotid Body Chemoreception in Male Rats.

Erythropoietin (epo) regulates respiration under conditions of normoxia and hypoxia through interaction with the respiratory centers of the brainstem.Here we investigate the dose-dependent impact of epo in the cb response to hypoxia and hypercapnia.We show, in isolated "en bloc" carotid body (cb) preparations containing the carotid sinus nerve (csn) from adult male sprague dawley rats, that epo acts as a stimulator of csn activity in response to hypoxia at concentrations below 0.5 iu/ml.Under hypercapnic conditions, epo did not influence the csn response.Epo concentrations above 0.5 iu/ml decreased the response of the csn to both hypoxia and hypercapnia, reaching complete inhibition at 2 iu/ml.The inhibitory action of high-dose epo on the csn activity might result from an increase in nitric oxide (no) production.Accordingly, cb preparations were incubated with 2 iu/ml epo and the unspecific no synthase inhibitor (l-name), or the neuronal-specific no synthase inhibitor (7ni).Both no inhibitors fully restored the csn activity in response to hypoxia and hypercapnia in presence of epo.Our results show that epo activates the cb response to hypoxia when its concentration does not exceed the threshold at which no inhibitors masks epo's action.

Journal: Frontiers in pharmacology (2021)
Publication types: Journal Article
The effect of IGF-1 plasma concentration on COVID-19 severity.

The severity and fatality of coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) infection are not the same in the infected population.The host immune response and immune-stimulating factors appear to play a role in covid-19 infection outcome.Insulin-like growth factor-1 (igf-1) affects the immune system by controlling the endocrine system.Recently, the effect of igf-1 levels on covid-19 prognosis has been considered.Objective to investigate the difference between circulating igf-1 and inflammatory cytokines concentration among covid-19 patients, infected patients admitted to the intensive care unit (icu) (n = 40; 35 ± 5 y) and patients with mild cases of covid-19 (n = 40; 35 ± 5 y) were screened prior to participation in the study.There was no significant difference between the groups in terms of gender and preexisting inflammatory state.Collected samples were evaluated by elisa for igf-1 and il-6.Results the study outcomes included a significant decrease in igf-1 and an increase in il-6 serum concentration, as an inflammatory marker, for infected patients admitted to the intensive care unit (icu) (p ≤ 0.001).Finally, there was a significant increase in the igf-1 and a decrease in the il-6 serum concentration of hospitalized patients.Discussion it appears that inflammatory cytokines (il-6) serum concentration in the severe form of corona virus-based infections causes reduced defenses because of suppressed igf-1.Conclusions our findings show that lower igf-1 concentrations are associated with a severe form of covid-19 disease.It seems, igf-1 supplementation or anti-inflammatory treatment rescued the severe form of covid-19 infection.Further studies are required to determine how to design covid-19 therapeutic strategies targeting the igf-1 pathway.

Journal: Microbial pathogenesis (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
Diabetic Ketoacidosis and Acute Kidney Injury Associated With Enfortumab Vedotin for Urothelial Carcinoma: A Case Report.

Enfortumab vedotin is a novel breakthrough therapy that received accelerated us food and drug administration approval in 2019 for the treatment of metastatic urothelial carcinoma in patients who have failed other lines of treatment.The characteristics of its adverse effects are not well understood.Diabetic ketoacidosis has been reported in 2 postmarketing reports presented as abstracts at the 2020 american thoracic society conference and the 2021 american society of nephrology conference.Both cases progressed rapidly and expired in <3 days.We present a similar case of a man in his late 50s with no history of diabetes who was diagnosed with urothelial carcinoma 2 years prior.Despite several lines of treatment, including platinum-based chemotherapy and immune checkpoint inhibitors, he developed metastasis and was started on enfortumab vedotin.After his second dose of enfortumab vedotin, he was admitted to the intensive care unit for diabetic ketoacidosis with an initial a1c level of 7.7%.He was intubated for airway protection, started on pressors, and developed oliguric acute kidney injury requiring continuous venovenous hemodialysis.Despite aggressive treatment, the patient died on hospital day 2.The lethality of this aggressive diabetic ketoacidosis despite therapy suggests some other effect of enfortumab vedotin on glucose metabolism in addition to insulin resistance and the need for prior diabetes screening.

Journal: Kidney medicine (2023)
Publication types: Case Reports;Journal Article
Mechanochemistry-driven engineering of 0D/3D heterostructure for designing highly luminescent Cs-Pb-Br perovskites.

Embedding metal-halide perovskite particles within an insulating host matrix has proven to be an effective strategy for revealing the outstanding luminescence properties of perovskites as an emerging class of light emitters.Particularly, unexpected bright green emission observed in a nominally pure zero-dimensional cesium-lead-bromide perovskite (cs4pb br6) has triggered intensive research in better understanding the serendipitous incorporation of emissive guest species within the cs4pb br6host.However, a limited controllability over such heterostructural configurations in conventional solution-based synthesis methods has limited the degree of freedom in designing synthesis routes for accessing different structural and compositional configurations of these host-guest species.In this study, we provide means of enhancing the luminescence properties in the nominal cs4pb br6powder through a guided heterostructural configuration engineering enabled by solid-state mechanochemical synthesis.Realized by an in-depth study on time-dependent evaluation of optical and structural properties during the synthesis of cs4pb br6, our target-designed synthesis protocol to promote the endotaxial formation of cs4pb br6/cs pb br3heterostructures provides key insights for understanding and designing kinetics-guided syntheses of highly luminescent perovskite emitters for light-emitting applications.

Journal: Nature communications (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
Social value orientation modulates fairness processing during social decision-making: evidence from behavior and brain potentials.

Social value orientation (svo) characterizes stable individual differences by an inherent sense of fairness in outcome allocations.Using the event-related potential (erp), this study investigated differences in fairness decision-making behavior and neural bases between individuals with prosocial and proself orientations using the ultimatum game (ug).Behavioral results indicated that prosocials were more prone to rejecting unfair offers with stronger negative emotional reactions compared with proselfs.Erp results revealed that prosocials showed a larger p2 when receiving fair offers than unfair ones in a very early processing stage, whereas such effect was absent in proselfs.In later processing stages, although both groups were sensitive to fairness as reflected by an enhanced medial frontal negativity (mfn) for unfair offers and a larger p3 for fair offers, prosocials exhibited a stronger fairness effect on these erp components relative to proselfs.Furthermore, the fairness effect on the mfn mediated the svo effect on rejecting unfair offers.Findings regarding emotional experiences, behavioral patterns and erps provide compelling evidence that svo modulates fairness processing in social decision-making, whereas differences in neural responses to unfair vs fair offers as evidenced by the mfn appear to play important roles in the svo effect on behavioral responses to unfairness.

Journal: Social cognitive and affective neuroscience (2021)
Publication types: Journal Article;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Facial morphological characteristics of mouth breathers vs. nasal breathers: A systematic review and meta-analysis of lateral cephalometric data.

The present systematic review and meta-analysis was performed to assess the association between mouth breathing and facial morphological characteristics in children and adolescents.Pub med, medline, scopus and google scholar databases were searched for cross-sectional case-control studies published between 1st january 1980 and 1st april 2019.Studies comparing cephalometric data of mouth breathers and nasal breathers were included, while studies on adults were excluded.Meta-analysis was performed regarding 11 angular and 4 linear measurements.A total of 19 studies were included in the systematic review and data from 18 studies were extracted for the meta-analysis.The results indicated statistically significant decreases in sella-nasion-point a (sna) angle [mean difference (md)=-1.33; 95% ci -2.03 to -0.63; p=0.0002] and sella-nasion-point b (snb) angle of mouth breathers as compared to nasal breathers (md=-1.33; 95% ci -2.18 to -0.49; p=0.002).There was no difference in point a-nasion-point b (anb) angle between the two groups (md=0.25; 95% ci -0.26 to 0.75; p=0.34).Mouth breathers demonstrated an increased mandibular plane angle, total and lower anterior facial height and decreased posterior facial height.Within the limitations of the study, the results indicated that mouth breathers tended to have a retrognathic maxilla and mandible, vertical growth pattern with high mandibular plane angle, downward and backward rotation of the mandible and an increase in total and lower anterior facial height and decrease in posterior facial height.Further high-quality studies are required to strengthen the evidence on this subject.

Journal: Experimental and therapeutic medicine (2020)
Publication types: Journal Article
Evaluation of irrational drug use of individuals over the age of 18 who applied to a university hospital.

Irrational drug use not only causes a delay in the treatment of patients, failure to achieve full well-being, drug interactions and side effects, drug resistance but also creates economic negativities such as waste of resources and unnecessary workload.This study aims to investigate the irrational drug use behaviors of individuals over the age of 18 who applied to a university hospital.Methods this sectional study included 1247 people over the age of 18 who applied for gazi university health, research and application center.A questionnaire was applied to the applicants by face-to-face interview technique.Logistic regression analysis was performed among the factors associated with the subcomponents of irrational drug use.Results participants (20.1%) used medication without a doctor's prescription (self-medication), 3.4% did not comply with the recommended dose and duration for medications, 47.4% applied to the physician to prescribe the medication they wanted, 65% had medication for later use at home.It was determined that 24.1% of them used drugs without looking at the expiration date and 45.5% of them used drugs without reading the patient information leaflet.Among the risk groups identified for the different irrational drug use behaviors mentioned are the following: males, lower educational groups, housewives, not having social insurance, continuous drug users.Discussion irrational drug use behaviors are still observed in society.The fact that the risk is higher in lower education groups is an example of the negative consequences of limited health literacy.The fact that different risk groups have been identified for different behaviors related to irrational drug use shows that intervention studies on this subject should be directed to specific groups.The effect of having social security reveals its connection with universal health coverage and rational drug use.

Journal: Turkish journal of medical sciences (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
Removal of microorganic pollutants in aquatic environment: The utilization of Fe(VI).

Microorganic pollutants (mops) in aquatic environment with low levels but high toxicity are harmful to ecosystem and human health.Fe(vi) has a dual-functional role in oxidation and coagulation, and can effectively remove mops, heavy metal, phosphate, particulates and colloids.Moreover, fe(vi) can combine with traditional coagulants, or use as a pretreatment for membrane treatment because of its characters to generate nanoparticles by degradation in water.Based on the relevant toxicity experiments, fe(vi) had been proved to be safe for the efficient treatment of mops.For better utilization of fe(vi), its oxidation and coagulation mechanisms are summarized, and the knowledge about the control parameters, utilization methods, and toxicity effect for fe(vi) application are reviewed in this paper.P h, different valences of iron, environmental substances, and other parameters are summarized in this study to clarify the important factors in the treatment of mops with fe(vi).In the future study, aiming at cost reduction in fe(vi) preparation, transportation and storage, enhancement of oxidation in the intermediate state, and better understanding the mechanism between interface and fe(vi) oxidation will help promote the application of fe(vi) in the removal of mops.This study offers guidelines for the application and development of fe(vi) for the treatment of mops in aquatic environment.

Journal: Journal of environmental management (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article;Review
Cell-free protein synthesis of influenza virus hemagglutinin HA2-integrated virosomes for siRNA delivery.

It is well known that the difficulty of si rna therapeutic application is the lack of safe and effective delivery vector.Virosome is a nano vesicle composed of lipid membrane and membrane protein.It retains fusion protein without virus genetic material, and therefore has the reduced immunogenicity compared with viral vector.Virosomes have the potential to deliver protein and nucleic acid drugs, but the traditional preparation method of virosomes is quite limited.In this study, we firstly proposed to synthesize influenza virus hemagglutinin ha2 virosomes by cell-free protein synthesis.In this study, liposomes provided the hydrophobic lipid bilayer environment for the formation of ha2 protein multimer, which inhibited the aggregation of hydrophobic ha2 and improved ha2 protein expression.Chitosan as a rigid core adsorbed si rna and improved the encapsulation efficiency of si rna.In conclusion, the cell-free protein synthesis was used to prepare ha2 virosomes, which paves the way for constructing a novel nano vector with high delivery efficiency and biosafety for the delivery of si rna.

Journal: International journal of pharmaceutics (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
Effects of different feeding levels during a 14-week preweaning phase in dairy heifer calves on telomere length and mitochondrial DNA copy number in blood.

Telomeres cap the ends of eukaryotic chromosomes, and the telomere length (tl) is related to cellular age.The mitochondrial dna copy number (mt dnacn) reflects the abundance of mitochondria in a cell.In addition to generating energy, mitochondria are also the main producers of reactive oxygen species, which in turn can accelerate tl attrition and impair mitochondrial function.Nutrition in early life could influence mt dnacn and tl in later life.In the present study, we investigated the effects of feeding different levels of milk replacer (mr) on tl shortening and energetic status by examining mt dnacn of heifers during their first year of life.In this study, whole blood samples were obtained from german holstein heifer calves 36 to 48 h after birth (wk 1) and at wk 12 and wk 16 of life (n = 37), as well as from 31 calves when reaching 1 yr of age.Calves were fed either a high level of mr (14% solids) at 10 l/d (1.4 kg of mr/d; n = 18) or a restrictive low level at 5.7 l/d (0.8 kg of mr/d; n = 19) until linear weaning in wk 13 to 14 of life.Additional whole blood samples were taken from their respective dams 36 to 48 h after calving.Relative tl (q t) and mt dnacn in cells from whole blood were measured by multiplex quantitative pcr.The greatest q t values were observed in neonates (36-48 h after birth), with decreasing q t values thereafter.Delta q t values were calculated as δq t = q t (first year of life) - initial q t (36-48 h after birth).We found no effect of the feeding regimen on q t values, but q t decreased with age.The mt dnacn was lowest in neonates, increased until wk 12 of life, and then remained at a constant level until after weaning (wk 16).After the first year of life, mt dnacn was decreased and returned to levels comparable to those of the neonatal stage.No differences in mt dnacn were detectable between feeding groups within each time point.When comparing the values of q t and mt dnacn between the calves and their dams after calving (36-48 h after birth and after calving), greater values were observed in calves than in dams.Delta q t values were negative in all but 2 calves (on the restricted diet), indicating that the change in tl with age was not uniform among individual animals, whereas no difference in mean δq t values occurred between the feeding groups.Additional analyses of the correlation between q t, mt dnacn, and various indicators of oxidative status from birth until wk 16 of life did not indicate major interactions between oxidative status, q t and mt dnacn.The results of this study support an age-dependent decrease of tl in calves independent of the mr feeding level and show the dynamic changes of mt dnacn in early life.

Journal: Journal of dairy science (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
Effects of an Informational Video About Anesthesia on Pre- and Post-Elective Cesarean Section Anxiety and Recovery: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Showing an informational anesthesia video can reduce the preoperative anxiety of parturients undergoing elective cesarean section (cs).However, the best method for presenting such videos remains unclear, and whether such videos can reduce the anxiety level of women during the entire perioperative period for cs (including preoperative and postoperative) has not been studied yet.Material and methods this study was a single-center prospective randomized trial.We randomly divided 121 pregnant women who were scheduled to undergo elective cesarean section (cs) into 2 groups: one group was shown an informational video (video group) and another group was not (control group).Spielberger's state-trait anxiety inventory was used to evaluate the perioperative anxiety level of parturient women at 3 time points: 1 day before cs, after video education, and 2 days after cs.Salivary cortisol level was evaluated to assess the patients' anxiety level at these 3 time points.Finally, the maternal satisfaction scale for cs and an obstetric quality-of-recovery score (obs qo r-11) were used to evaluate the satisfaction and recovery of the parturient women 2 days after cs.Results watching a video about anesthesia significantly reduced the anxiety level of the parturient women during the perioperative period (1 day before cs: p=1.00, p=0.96; after video education: p<0.01, p=0.004; 2 days after cs: p=0.01, p=0.01).The postoperative satisfaction scores were significantly improved in the video group (p=0.007).Obs qo r-11 scores in the video group and control group were not significantly different (p=0.48).Maternal anxiety level was moderately positively correlated with cortisol hormone level.Conclusions showing an informational video about anesthesia (video+education) can significantly reduce perioperative anxiety and improve satisfaction after cs.Although it did not improve the postoperative recovery, it was still significant for anesthesia.

Journal: Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research (2020)
Publication types: Journal Article;Randomized Controlled Trial
Molecular heterogeneities in the thermal expansivity of polyalcohols.

Density is the key quantity for nearly all the numerous theories of the (dynamic) glass transition of supercooled liquids and melts.As mean field quantity, it is used to describe correlations and heterogeneities between regions consisting of several molecules.In contrast, the question how density is created by the interactions (i.e., bonds) within a molecule and to its nearest neighbors is almost unexplored.To investigate this for the example of a homologous series of polyalcohols (glycerol, threitol, xylitol, and sorbitol), fourier-transform infra red (ftir) spectroscopy is carried out in a wide range of temperatures from far above to far below the calorimetric glass transition tg.This enables us to determine the potentials and hence the bond lengths of specific intramolecular and intermolecular interactions.While the former has an expansion coefficient of (∼0.1 pm/100 k) with only smooth changes, the latter shows a 30-40 times stronger response with pronounced kinks at tg.A comparison with the overall expansion based on mass density reveals that one has to separate between strong (oh⋅⋅⋅o) and weak (ch⋅⋅⋅o) intermolecular hydrogen (h)-bridges.Despite the fact that the latter dominates glassy dynamics, their expansivity is 5 times smaller than that of the weak h-bridges.It is to be expected that such heterogeneities on intramolecular and intermolecular scales are a general phenomenon in liquids and glassy systems demonstrating especially the necessity of atomistic simulations.

Journal: The Journal of chemical physics (2021)
Publication types: Journal Article