syedzayyan/paper_mill_benchmark huggingface dataset:
What Would It Take to Desegregate U.S. Metropolitan Areas? Pathways to Residential Desegregation by Race.

Patterns of household mobility across neighborhoods reproduce patterns of racial segregation at the metropolitan level.Substantial literature across the social sciences has explored the scale and predictors of household mobility as well as changes in metropolitan residential segregation over time.This study unifies these two strands of inquiry by connecting the sorting of households across neighborhoods to aggregate changes in segregation levels.Using discrete choice models of intrametropolitan mobility and restricted decennial census and american community survey data for 1960-2014, i model the correlates of household mobility and identify the counterfactual scenarios under which lower segregation levels can be achieved.The results show that even though the mobility flows of the white, black, hispanic, and asian populations across census tracts have become more similar over time, u.s.Metropolitan areas are far from experiencing large drops in segregation.

Journal: Demography (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article;Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Higher water and nutrient use efficiencies in savanna than in rainforest lianas result in no difference in photosynthesis.

Differences in traits between lianas and trees in tropical forests have been studied extensively; however, few have compared the ecological strategies of lianas from different habitats.Here, we measured 25 leaf and stem traits concerning leaf anatomy, morphology, physiology and stem hydraulics for 17 liana species from a tropical seasonal rainforest and for 19 liana species from a valley savanna in south-west china.We found that savanna lianas had higher vessel density, wood density and lower hydraulically weighted vessel diameter and theoretical hydraulic conductivity than tropical seasonal rainforest lianas.Compared with tropical seasonal rainforest lianas, savanna lianas also showed higher leaf dry matter content, carbon isotope composition (δ13c), photosynthetic water use efficiency, ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus, photosynthetic phosphorus use efficiency and lower leaf size, stomatal conductance and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium concentrations.Interestingly, no differences in light-saturated photosynthetic rate were found between savanna and tropical seasonal rainforest lianas either on mass or area basis.This is probably due to the higher water and nutrient use efficiencies of savanna lianas.A principal component analysis revealed that savanna and tropical seasonal rainforest lianas were significantly separated along the first axis, which was strongly associated with acquisitive or conservative resource use strategy.Leaf and stem functional traits were coordinated across lianas, but the coordination or trade-off was stronger in the savanna than in the tropical seasonal rainforest.In conclusion, a relatively conservative (slow) strategy concerning water and nutrient use may benefit the savanna lianas, while higher nutrient and water use efficiencies allow them to maintain similar photosynthesis as tropical seasonal rainforest species.Our results clearly showed divergences in functional traits between lianas from savanna and tropical seasonal rainforest, suggesting that enhanced water and nutrient use efficiencies might contribute to the distribution of lianas in savanna ecosystems.

Journal: Tree physiology (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Immunological signature of patients with thymic epithelial tumors and Good syndrome.

Thymic epithelial tumors (tets) are frequently accompanied by good syndrome (gs), a rare immunodeficiency, characterized by hypogammaglobulinemia and peripheral b cell lymphopenia.Tets can be also associated to other immunological disorders, both immunodeficiency and autoimmunity.Methods in this study, we enrolled tet patients with gs to address differences between patients with or without associated autoimmune diseases (ad).We analyzed the immunophenotype from peripheral blood of these patients focusing on selected immune cell subsets (cd4+t cells, cd8+t cells, t regulatory cells, nk cells, b-cells, monocytes, eosinophils, basophils, neutrophils) and serum levels of cytokines, chemokines and growth factors.Results we observed higher number of leucocytes, in particular lymphocytes, b lymphopenia and lower number of t regulatory cells in tet patients with associated ad compared to tet patients without ad.In the group of tet patients with ad, we also observed increased serum levels of il-15, vegf, ip-10, gm-csf, il-6, and mip-1α.Thus, we identified considerable differences in the lymphocyte profiles of tet patients with and without ads, in particular a reduction in the numbers of b lymphocytes and t-regulatory cells in the former, as well as differences in the serum levels of various immune modulators.Conclusions although the pathogenic mechanisms are still unclear, our results add new knowledge to better understand the disease, suggesting the need of surveilling the immunophenotype of tet patients to ameliorate their clinical management.

Journal: Frontiers in immunology (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Risk of Mental Illnesses in Patients With Hypopituitarism: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study.

The associations of mental illnesses and hypopituitarism have been reported.But, pituitary disorders are rare.The epidemiological studies have rarely addressed these associations between pituitary disorder and mental illnesses.Until now, no cohort study has been conducted to investigate the association.Methods we performed a nationwide, retrospective cohort study using the taiwanese national health insurance program dataset to analyze this relationship.In total, 1,194 patients diagnosed with hypopituitarism between 2000 and 2013 were identified.For the control group, 4,776 individuals without hypopituitarism and psychotic diseases were matched (1:4) according to age, sex, and index date.A cox proportional hazards model was used to determine the adjusted hazard ratio (a hr).Results patients with hypopituitarism had a significantly higher risk of incident depression and anxiety disorders than those without hypopituitarism.The a hrs of depressive and anxiety disorders were 2.98 and 1.67, respectively, for the hypopituitarism cohort.Furthermore, the risk of both hypopituitarism-associated depressive and anxiety disorders was significantly high in female subjects and subjects aged ≥18 years.A statistically significant increase was not observed in the risk of bipolar disorders, dementia, or schizophrenia in the hypopituitarism group compared with the control group.Conclusion although psychiatric morbidities were uncommon for the hypopituitarism cohort, the risk of developing depressive and anxiety disorders was significantly higher in those with hypopituitarism than in those without hypopituitarism.

Journal: Psychiatry investigation (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
Clinical Characteristics of COVID-19 Patients with Gastrointestinal Symptoms.

We aimed to assess the gastrointestinal (gi) manifestations of patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection and determine factors predicting disease prognosis and severity among patients with gi symptoms.Methods in this retrospective study, we evaluated laboratory confirmed (by real-time polymerase chain reaction) inpatient cases of coronavirus-associated disease 2019 (covid-19), referred to sina hospital, a tertiary educational hospital of tehran university of medical sciences, from march 10 to may 20, 2020.Demographic and clinical characteristics, laboratory data, outcomes and treatment data were extracted and analyzed using spss version 20.Results a total of 611 patients (234 women and 377 men) were included with 155 patients having gi symptoms.The most prevalent reported gi symptom was nausea/vomiting in 115 (18.8%) of patients.A total of 20 patients (3.2%) only had gi symptoms (without respiratory symptoms).There was no statistically significant difference in the clinical outcomes, disease severity, intensive care unit (icu) admission and mortality between patients with and without gi symptoms.Aspartate aminotransferase level was associated with 446% increased risk of disease severity (adjusted odds ratio: 5.46, 95% ci: 2.01 to 14.81) (p=0.040) among patients with gi symptoms.Additionally, we found that treatment with antibiotics in addition to mechanical ventilation was associated with increased survival among patients with gi symptoms (pearson chi square: 6.22;pvalue: 0.013).Conclusion more attention should be paid to patients with only gi symptoms for early patient detection and isolation.Moreover, patients with gi manifestations are not exposed to higher rates of disease severity or mortality.

Journal: Archives of Iranian medicine (2021)
Publication types: Journal Article
Myomectomy for intravenous leiomyomatosis: a retrospective series of 9 cases.

The current study aimed to evaluate the clinical outcomes of patients with intravenous leiomyomatosis (ivl) who underwent myomectomy.Clinical data were retrieved from our database from january 2001 to october 2018.Of 197 patients with ivl, 9 (4.6%) patients were included.The patients' age ranged from 24 to 46 (mean: 31.1 ± 7.3) years.Five (55.6%) patients had not yet given birth upon ivl diagnosis.Three patients were treated with gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists after surgery.The average follow-up time was 58.9 ± 27.8 (range: 29-122) months.Four patients presented with new uterine masses during follow-up.Three patients had natural pregnancies and live births.This information may provide a glimmer of hope to young patients with uterus-confined ivl who have fertility desires.However, future multicenter studies with larger sample sizes and longer follow-up periods are warranted.impact statement what is already known on this subject?the best treatment options for intravenous leiomyomatosis (ivl) are hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy and complete resection of intravenous extensions of the disease.what the results of this study add?nine patients with ivl underwent myomectomy.After a mean follow-up period of 58.9 ± 27.8 months, 3 patients had natural pregnancies and live births.what are the implications of these findings for clinical practice and/or further research?the result might provide a glimmer of hope to young patients with uterus-confined ivl who have fertility desires.

Journal: Journal of obstetrics and gynaecology : the journal of the Institute of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
From Dietary Cholesterol to Blood Cholesterol, Physiological Lipid Fluxes, and Cholesterol Homeostasis.

Dietary cholesterol (c) is a major contributor to the endogenous c pool, and it affects the serum concentration of total c, particularly the low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (ldl-c).A high serum concentration of ldl-c is associated with an increased risk for atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases.This concentration is dependent on hepatic c metabolism creating a balance between c input (absorption and synthesis) and c elimination (conversion to bile acids and fecal excretion).The daily c absorption rate is determined by dietary c intake, biliary c secretion, direct trans-intestinal c excretion (tice), and the fractional c absorption rate.Hepatic c metabolism coordinates c fluxes entering the liver via chylomicron remnants (cmr), ldl, high-density lipoproteins (hdl), hepatic c synthesis, and those leaving the liver via very low-density lipoproteins (vldl), biliary secretion, and bile acid synthesis.The knowns and the unknowns of this c homeostasis are discussed.

Journal: Nutrients (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article;Review
Surgical anatomy of the mid-vagina.

The mid-vagina (mv) represents level ii of the vagina.The surgical anatomy of the mv has not been recently subject to a comprehensive examination and description.Mv surgery involving anterior and posterior colporrhaphy represents a key part of surgery for a majority of pelvic organ prolapse (pop).Methods literature review and surgical observations of many aspects of the mv were performed including mv length and width; mv shape; immediate relationships; histological analysis; anterior and posterior mv prolapse assessment and anterior mv surgical aspects.Unpublished pre- and postoperative quantitative data on 300 women undergoing posterior vaginal compartment repairs are presented.Results the mv runs from the lower limit of the vaginal vault (vv) to the hymen.Its length is a mean of 5 cm.Its shape in section overall is a compressed rectangle.Its longitudinal shape is created by its anterior and posterior walls being inverse trapezoid in shape.Histology comprises three layers: (i) mucosa; (ii) muscularis; (iii) adventitia.Mv prolapse staging uses pelvic organ prolapse quantification (pop-q).Anterior mv prolapse can be quantitatively assessed using pop-q while posterior mv prolapse can be assessed with pop-q or pr-q.Around 50% of both cystocele and rectocele are due to vv defects.Pop will increase anterior mv width and length.Native tissue anterior colporrhaphy is the current conventional repair with mesh disadvantages outweighing advantages.Posteriorly, level ii (mv) defects are far smaller (mean 1.3 cm) than level i (mean 6.0 cm) and level iii (mean 2.9 cm).Conclusion an understanding of the surgical anatomy of the mv can assist anterior and posterior colporrhaphy.In particular, if vv support is employed, the level ii component of a posterior repair should be relatively small.

Journal: Neurourology and urodynamics (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article;Review
Melatonin as a Potential Neuroprotectant: Mechanisms in Subarachnoid Hemorrhage-Induced Early Brain Injury.

Subarachnoid hemorrhage (sah) is a common cerebrovascular disease with high mortality and disability rates.Despite progressive advances in drugs and surgical techniques, neurological dysfunction in surviving sah patients have not improved significantly.Traditionally, vasospasm has been considered the main cause of death and disability following sah, but anti-vasospasm therapy has not benefited clinical prognosis.Many studies have proposed that early brain injury (ebi) may be the primary factor influencing the prognosis of sah.Melatonin is an indole hormone and is the main hormone secreted by the pineal gland, with low daytime secretion levels and high nighttime secretion levels.Melatonin produces a wide range of biological effects through the neuroimmune endocrine network, and participates in various physiological activities in the central nervous system, reproductive system, immune system, and digestive system.Numerous studies have reported that melatonin has extensive physiological and pharmacological effects such as anti-oxidative stress, anti-inflammation, maintaining circadian rhythm, and regulating cellular and humoral immunity.In recent years, more and more studies have been conducted to explore the molecular mechanism underlying melatonin-induced neuroprotection.The studies suggest beneficial effects in the recovery of intracerebral hemorrhage, cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury, spinal cord injury, alzheimer's disease, parkinson's disease and meningitis through anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-apoptotic mechanisms.This review summarizes the recent studies on the application and mechanism of melatonin in sah.

Journal: Frontiers in aging neuroscience (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article;Review
Diet in the Prevention of Alzheimer's Disease: Current Knowledge and Future Research Requirements.

Alzheimer's disease is a progressive brain disease that is becoming a major health problem in today's world due to the aging population.Despite it being widely known that diet has a significant impact on the prevention and progression of alzheimer's disease, the literature data are still scarce and controversial.The application of the principles of rational nutrition for the elderly is suggested for alzheimer's disease.The diet should be rich in neuroprotective nutrients, i.e., antioxidants, b vitamins, and polyunsaturated fatty acids.Some studies suggest that diets such as the mediterranean diet, the dash (dietary approaches to stop hypertension) diet, and the mind (mediterranean-dash intervention for neurodegenerative delay) diet have a beneficial effect on the risk of developing alzheimer's disease.

Journal: Nutrients (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article;Review
Catheter ablation of ventricular tachycardia in dilated-phase hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: Substrate characterization and ablation outcome.

Introduction catheter ablation is a therapeutic option to suppress ventricular tachycardia (vt) in the setting of dilated-phase hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (dhcm).However, the characteristics of the arrhythmogenic substrate and the ablation outcome are not fully illustrated.Method a total of 23 ablation procedures for drug-refractory sustained monomorphic vts in 13 dhcm patients (60 ± 11 years, one female, the left ventricular [lv] ejection fraction 39% ± 9%, the lv mass index 156 ± 39 g/m2) were performed.The distribution of vt substrate as endocardial or epicardial/intramural was based on detailed mapping and ablation response during vt.Result two patients underwent ablation of sustained monomorphic vt that was not scar-mediated tachycardia.Of the remaining 11 patients, eight (73%) patients had vt substrate in the basal regions, most frequently at the epicardial and/or intramural basal antero-septum.None of the patients had vt substrate located at the lv inferolateral region.Ablation at the right ventricular septum and the aortic cusps was done in four and five patients, respectively.Other approaches including bipolar and chemical ablations, were done in three and two patients, respectively.Six (55%) out of 11 patients (two patients lost follow-up) had vt recurrence.All the six patients had basal substrate.However, anti-tachycardia pacing was sufficient for vt termination except in one patient.Conclusion catheter ablation of vt in patients with dhcm is challenging because of the predominant basal anteroseptal epicardial/intramural location of arrhythmogenic substrate.An ablation approach from multiple sites and/or adjunctive interventional techniques are often required.

Journal: Pacing and clinical electrophysiology : PACE (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
Mysterious Outbreak of Acute Neurological Syndrome in Eluru, Andhra Pradesh, India: A Post-outbreak Geo-Spatial Analysis.

An outbreak characterized by sudden-onset seizures, loss of consciousness, and complete recovery within a few hours was reported from eluru town in andhra pradesh on december 6, 2020.This study was conducted to assess the environmental correlates of the outbreak using geo-mapping tools.Methods a post-outbreak survey was conducted among affected cases in january-february, 2021.A house-to-house survey tool collected information on demographics, clinical profile, and environmental and psychological aspects (impact of event scale).Geo-mapping and news media content analyses were done using qgis and atlas.ti software, respectively.Results a total of 394 cases were studied.The median (interquartile range [iqr]) age of the participants was 27 (17-39) years and comprised mostly male students.There was no clustering of cases within 48 hours of illness onset in the spatial analysis.Loss of consciousness was the first (50.7%) and the most common symptom.All cases were taken to a health facility and were discharged after a median duration of 48 minutes.Covid-19-related and environmental practices were not associated with the clinical manifestations.Awareness about pesticides was low.The outbreak reportedly had a psychological impact on 24.4% of the participants.The most common co-occurring themes in the news media analysis were water contamination and pesticides.Conclusion the geo-spatial analysis did not find case clustering or points of convergence during the incubation period.The geo-locations did not distribute around water bodies or suspected landmarks although news media projected water contamination and pesticides as probable causes of the outbreak.

Journal: Cureus (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
Cervical Ripening Efficacy of Synthetic Osmotic Cervical Dilator Compared With Oral Misoprostol at Term: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

To evaluate whether a synthetic osmotic cervical dilator is noninferior to oral misoprostol for cervical ripening.Methods in an open-label, noninferiority randomized trial, pregnant women undergoing induction of labor at 37 weeks of gestation or more with bishop scores less than 6 were randomized to either mechanical cervical dilation or oral misoprostol.Participants in the mechanical dilation group underwent insertion of synthetic osmotic cervical dilator rods, and those in the misoprostol group received up to six doses of 25 micrograms orally every 2 hours.After 12 hours of ripening, oxytocin was initiated, with artificial rupture of membranes.Management of labor was at the physician's discretion.The primary outcome was the proportion of women achieving vaginal delivery within 36 hours of initiation of study intervention.Secondary outcomes included increase in bishop score, mode of delivery, induction-to-delivery interval, total length of hospital stay, and patient satisfaction.On the basis of a noninferiority margin of 10%, an expected primary outcome frequency of 65% for misoprostol and 71% for mechanical methods, and 85% power, a sample size of 306 participants was needed.Results from november 2018 through january 2021, 307 women were randomized, with 151 evaluable participants in the synthetic osmotic cervical dilator group and 152 in the misoprostol group (there were four early withdrawals).The proportion of women achieving vaginal delivery within 36 hours was higher with mechanical cervical dilation compared with misoprostol (61.6% vs 59.2%), with an absolute difference of 2.4% (95% ci -9% to 13%), indicating noninferiority for the prespecified margin.No differences were noted in the mode of delivery.Tachysystole was more frequent in the misoprostol group (70 [46.4%] vs 35 [23.3%]; p=.01).Participants in the synthetic osmotic cervical dilator group reported better sleep, less unpleasant abdominal sensations, and lower pain scores (p<.05).Conclusion synthetic osmotic cervical dilator is noninferior to oral misoprostol for cervical ripening.Advantages of synthetic osmotic cervical dilator include a better safety profile and patient satisfaction, less tachysystole, lower pain scores, and u.s.Food and drug administration approval.Clinical trial registration clinical trials.gov, nct03670836.Funding source medicem technology s.r.o., czech republic.

Journal: Obstetrics and gynecology (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article;Randomized Controlled Trial;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't