syedzayyan/paper_mill_benchmark huggingface dataset:
Inter- and intra-rater reliability of a technique assessing the length of the Latissimus Dorsi muscle.

Evidence-based practice requires the use of objective, valid and reliable tests for measuring the length of a muscle.Latissimus dorsi is a muscle which undergoes length changes (loss of extensibility) and this muscle has a functional role in many aspects of sport and rehabilitation.The loss of extensibility may result in a decreased range of motion at the glenohumeral joint leading to dysfunction.Objectives the aim of this study was to assess the inter-rater and intra-rater reliability of a technique adapted by comerford and mottram in 2012 for assessing the length of latissimus dorsi (ld) muscle.Method fifty-six students from a university's physiotherapy department participated in this study.Four physiotherapists with clinical experience varying between 10 and 30 years independently performed the test for assessing the length of ld.The test was performed twice by each physiotherapist on every participant during two reading sessions.Results the intra-class correlation coefficient (icc) as determined in a mixed-effects, generalised least squares regression analysis was used to assess inter- and intra-rater reliability of the ld length test.A 0.05 level of significance was employed.A sample of 56 participants provided an icc that varied between 0.76 and 0.55, which is regarded as moderate to poor reliability.The icc between the experienced raters was found to be 0.48, with a novice rater having an icc of 0.48 as well.The icc between all the raters was 0.33, which constituted poor reliability.Conclusion the poor to moderate reliability of the technique testing the length of ld test is not suitable for application in a research setting.Clinical implications the small differences noted between reading 1 and reading 2 regarding the standard deviation of all the raters combined suggests that the ld length test may still prove to be useful in quantifying dysfunction in a clinical setting.

Journal: The South African journal of physiotherapy (2018)
Publication types: Journal Article
Effects of pomegranate peel and olive pomace supplementation on reproduction and oxidative status of rabbit doe.

The current study aimed to investigate the effects of pomegranate peel and olive pomace supplementation on the reproductive hormones, antioxidative status, reproductive capacity and maternal behaviour of rabbit does.Forty does were used for the experiments.The animals were randomly assigned to four groups of ten does.One group was fed on the control diet and was considered the control group (c).The second group was supplemented with 4.5% pomegranate peel in their diet (p), the third group was supplemented with 10% olive pomace in their diet (o), and the fourth group was supplemented with a mixture of pomegranate peel and olive pomace (po).Compared with the control does, group p showed significantly increased serum levels of gonadotropic hormones and oestradiol-17β two hours after mating, on the 20th day of lactation and after weaning; significantly increased progesterone levels at mid-pregnancy; and significantly increased in prolactin levels on the 10th day of lactation.Additionally, the results revealed significant increases in total dna, protein concentration, litter size, milk yield and nest traits of groups p and po.In conclusion, pomegranate peel supplementation improves the reproductive performance of does and increases their antioxidant parameters.

Journal: Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article;Randomized Controlled Trial, Veterinary
Identity of the oribatid miteOribatacurvaand transfer toTrichogalumna(Acari, Oribatida, Galumnidae), with discussion of nomenclatural and biogeographical issues in the 'curva' species-group.

Based on the study of type material, other historical specimens, and new collections, the adult of the thelytokous oribatid mite oribata curva ewing, 1907 (galumnidae) is redescribed and the name is recombined to trichogalumna curva (ewing, 1907) comb.Nov.A confusing history of synonymies and misidentifications is traced in detail, and their effect on published statements about biogeography is assessed.Reliable records of t.Curva are only those from north america.The tropical mite pergalumna ventralis (willmann, 1932) is not a subspecies of t.Curva.The widely-reported trichogalumna nipponica (aoki, 1966) and other similar species form a complex with t.Curva that needs further morphological and molecular assessment.

Journal: Zootaxa (2017)
Publication types: Journal Article
Bacterial colonization dynamics of different microplastic types in an anoxic salt marsh sediment and impact of adsorbed polychlorinated biphenyls on the plastisphere.

Plastic debris dispersed into the environment provide a substrate for microbial colonization, constituting a new human-made ecosystem called "plastisphere", and altering the microbial species distribution in aquatic, coastal and benthic ecosystems.The study aims at exploring the interaction among microplastics (mps) made of different polymers, a persistent organic contaminant (polychlorinated biphenyls, pcbs), and the environmental microbial communities, in an anoxic marine sediment.Plastic pellets were incubated in the field in a salt marsh anoxic sediment, to observe the stages of plastisphere formation, by quantitative pcr and 16s r rna gene sequencing, and pcb dechlorination activity on the mps surface.Microbes from the sediment rapidly colonized the different microplastics types, with pvc recruiting a peculiar community enriched in sulfate-reducing bacteria.The composition of the plastisphere varied along the 1-year incubation possibly in response either to warmer temperatures in spring-summer or to microhabitat's changes due to the progressive plastic surface weathering.Even if pcb contaminated mps were able to recruit potentially dehalogenating taxa, actual dechlorination was not detectable after 1 year.This suggests that the concentration of potentially dehalorespiring bacteria in the natural environment could be too low for the onset of the dechlorination process on mp-sorbed contaminants.Our study, which is among very few available longitudinally exploring the plastisphere composition in an anoxic sediment context, is the first exploring the fate and possible biodegradation of persistent organic pollutants sorbed on mps reaching the seafloor.

Journal: Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987) (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
Monolayer Twisted Graphene-Based Schottky Transistor.

The outstanding properties of graphene-based components, such as twisted graphene, motivates nanoelectronic researchers to focus on their applications in device technology.Twisted graphene as a new class of graphene structures is investigated in the platform of transistor application in this research study.Therefore, its geometry effect on schottky transistor operation is analyzed and the relationship between the diameter of twist and number of twists are explored.A metal-semiconductor-metal twisted graphene-based junction as a schottky transistor is considered.By employing the dispersion relation and quantum tunneling the variation of transistor performance under channel length, the diameter of twisted graphene, and the number of twists deviation are studied.The results show that twisted graphene with a smaller diameter affects the efficiency of twisted graphene-based schottky transistors.Additionally, as another main characteristic, the id-vgsis explored, which indicates that the threshold voltage is increased by diameter and number of twists in this type of transistor.

Journal: Materials (Basel, Switzerland) (2021)
Publication types: Journal Article
Low-rank sparse feature selection with incomplete labels for Alzheimer's disease progression prediction.

How to predict the cognitive performance of alzheimer's disease (ad) and identify the informative neuroimaging markers is essential for timely treatment and possible delay of the disease.However, incomplete labeled samples and noises in neuroimaging data pose challenges to building reliable and robust prediction models.In this paper, we present a model named low-rank sparse feature selection with incomplete labels (lsfsil) for predicting cognitive performance and identifying informative neuroimaging markers with mri data and incomplete cognitive scores.Method we propose a sparse matrix decomposition method to decompose the incomplete cognitive score matrix into two parts for recovering missing scores and utilizing incomplete labeled data.The former is the recovered cognitive score matrix without missing values.To make the recovered scores close to the real ones, a manifold regularizer is devised to fit the label distribution for capturing the label correlations locally.The latter is a l1-norm regularized matrix which represents the associated errors.Next, a low-rank regression model that regards the recovered matrix as the target is developed to increase the robustness to noises and outliers.Besides, l2,1-norm is introduced into the objective function as a sparse regularization to identify the important features.Results experimental results demonstrate that lsfsil achieves higher performance and outperforms several state-of-the-art feature selection approaches.Moreover, the neuroimaging markers selected by lsfsil are consistent with the previous ad studies.Conclusions lsfsil is effective in informative neuroimaging marker identification for cognitive performance prediction with incomplete labeled data.

Journal: Computers in biology and medicine (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article;Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't;Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
Case study of the convergent evolution in the color patterns in the freshwater bivalves.

The class bivalvia (phylum mollusca) is one of the most successful at survival groups of animals with diverse color patterns on their shells, and they are occasionally preserved in the fossil record as residual color patterns.However, the fossil record of the residual color patterns in freshwater bivalves could be traced only to the miocene, greatly limiting color pattern evolution knowledge.We present the color patterns of the cretaceous freshwater bivalves belonging to three extinct families of the order trigoniida (hereinafter the kitadani freshwater bivalves) from japan, which is the oldest and the second fossil record of freshwater molluscan color patterns.The kitadani freshwater bivalves consists of two types of color patterns: stripes along the growth lines and radial rays tapered toward the umbo, which resemble that of the colored bands of extant freshwater bivalves.This resemblance of the color patterns between the kitadani freshwater bivalves and the extant species indicates that the color patterns of the freshwater bivalves represent the convergent evolution between trigoniida and unionida.To explain this convergent evolution, we advocate three conceivable factors: the phylogenetic constraints, monotonous habitats typical of freshwater ecosystems, and the predation pressure by visual predators in freshwater sediments.

Journal: Scientific reports (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
Estimation of Natural Selection and Allele Age from Time Series Allele Frequency Data Using a Novel Likelihood-Based Approach.

Temporally spaced genetic data allow for more accurate inference of population genetic parameters and hypothesis testing on the recent action of natural selection.In this work, we develop a novel likelihood-based method for jointly estimating selection coefficient and allele age from time series data of allele frequencies.Our approach is based on a hidden markov model where the underlying process is a wright-fisher diffusion conditioned to survive until the time of the most recent sample.This formulation circumvents the assumption required in existing methods that the allele is created by mutation at a certain low frequency.We calculate the likelihood by numerically solving the resulting kolmogorov backward equation backward in time while reweighting the solution with the emission probabilities of the observation at each sampling time point.This procedure reduces the two-dimensional numerical search for the maximum of the likelihood surface, for both the selection coefficient and the allele age, to a one-dimensional search over the selection coefficient only.We illustrate through extensive simulations that our method can produce accurate estimates of the selection coefficient and the allele age under both constant and nonconstant demographic histories.We apply our approach to reanalyze ancient dna data associated with horse base coat colors.We find that ignoring demographic histories or grouping raw samples can significantly bias the inference results.

Journal: Genetics (2020)
Publication types: Journal Article;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Social Network Analysis as a Cybernetic Modelling Facility for Participatory Design in Technology-Supported College Curricula.

Despite iterative learning design being increasingly implemented, such approaches are often delineated by well-defined periods of design/implementation.However, second-order cybernetics, which suggests a participatory approach to learning design, involves responsively adapting learning environments to meet students' needs, treating them as agentic participants in the classroom.In our mixed methods study, we investigate whether such a process can facilitate egalitarian participation and collaborative interactions in a technology-assisted classroom.We use the example of a graduate psychology class of 17 students and suggest that adaptation of live-chat activities by a participant observer on the reddit social media platform that supplemented the in-person lecture dynamically, using a network analysis and qualitative ethnography as a modelling facility mimicked the ongoing feedback loops of social media platforms, enabling students to use social media with a critical eye, and engage in productive collaboration.Our quantitative results present network graphs for weekly eigen centrality to understand the egalitarian nature of the network, and transitivity to understand the likelihood for collaboration between more than two agents.Our qualitative results elaborate selected reddit posts, and weekly field notes to explain how redesigning the chat weekly helped augment lecture-based discussion with the instructor and critique of student presentations, spurring egalitarian participation through a space-place dialectic.Students also provided end-semester feedback that was analyzed using inductive coding, to design future courseware.

Journal: Systemic practice and action research (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
Novel Approach to the Clinical Management of Completely Edentulous Hepatitis B Carrier Patient.

Incidence of infections is more common in the dental practice.In this article, we describe a novel approach to the clinical management of a completely edentulous patient who is in hepatitis b carrier state including infection control protocol for all clinical and laboratory steps.Furthermore, a novel method of incorporating patient's medical history in the form of a qr code in the processed denture is also described.

Journal: Journal of pharmacy & bioallied sciences (2021)
Publication types: Case Reports;Journal Article
Sun compass neurons are tuned to migratory orientation in monarch butterflies.

Every autumn, monarch butterflies migrate from north america to their overwintering sites in central mexico.To maintain their southward direction, these butterflies rely on celestial cues as orientation references.The position of the sun combined with additional skylight cues are integrated in the central complex, a region in the butterfly's brain that acts as an internal compass.However, the central complex does not solely guide the butterflies on their migration but also helps monarchs in their non-migratory form manoeuvre on foraging trips through their habitat.By comparing the activity of input neurons of the central complex between migratory and non-migratory butterflies, we investigated how a different lifestyle affects the coding of orientation information in the brain.During recording, we presented the animals with different simulated celestial cues and found that the encoding of the sun was narrower in migratory compared to non-migratory butterflies.This feature might reflect the need of the migratory monarchs to rely on a precise sun compass to keep their direction during their journey.Taken together, our study sheds light on the neural coding of celestial cues and provides insights into how a compass is adapted in migratory animals to successfully steer them to their destination.

Journal: Proceedings. Biological sciences (2021)
Publication types: Journal Article;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Effects of a 28-day early life stage exposure to carbaryl on fathead minnow long-term growth and reproduction.

The us environmental protection agency conducts ecological risk assessments with a battery of fish toxicity tests that include acute, early life stage, and reproduction tests.While endpoints in these tests (survival, growth and reproduction) are conceptually related, because they are measured in separate exposures, the quantitative relationships between them are difficult to determine and largely ignored.In the current test, fathead minnows (fhm) were exposed for 28 days to 1 mg/l or 2 mg/l carbaryl, a well-studied carbamate insecticide, in early life stages and then reared in clean water until adulthood, when reproduction was assessed.Also.Weekly growth measurements were taken throughout the test to determine growth rates during and after exposure.Growth curves derived from these measurements were then compared to the reproductive output.The data indicate that carbaryl reduced growth rate only for a brief time early in the exposure.However, this brief effect impacted overall growth into adulthood and lowered the reproductive output of exposed fhm.The effect of a transient exposure early in life to carbaryl could have later population-level impacts by causing mortality, lowering growth rates, and reducing reproductive output.

Journal: Aquatic toxicology (Amsterdam, Netherlands) (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
Esophageal Ulcers in Primary Biliary Cholangitis: A Rare Cause of Hematemesis in the Setting of Portal Hypertension and Esophageal Varices.

Our patient with primary biliary cholangitis, previously termed as primary biliary cirrhosis, presented with an unexpected and unusual cause of hematemesis in the form of multiple esophageal ulcers in-between variceal columns.Given that upon endoscopic examination, the esophageal ulcers were found to bleeding instead of the varices; they should be considered in the differential in the etiology of hematemesis in primary biliary cholangitis and thoroughly searched for during an endoscopic procedure for early treatment and subsequent secondary prevention.

Journal: Gastroenterology research (2018)
Publication types: Case Reports;Journal Article
Adsorption Behavior of Divalent Metal Ions onto Surface-functionalized Mesoporous Silicate MCM-41 Having Schiff Base Structure.

Surface functionalized mesoporous silicates, mcm-41s, having 3-(2-pyridylmethylideneimino)propyl group (pi-mcm-41) or 3-(2-quinolylmethylideneimino)propyl group (qi-mcm-41) were prepared via schiff base reaction, and the adsorption behavior of metal ions onto the modified mcm-41s was investigated.The function groups on the modified mcm-41 surface were confirmed by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ft-ir), x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (xps), and elemental analysis.The metal ions examined, co2+, ni2+, cu2+, zn2+, cd2+, and pb2+, were quantitatively adsorbed on the pi-mcm-41 and qi-mcm-41, except for mn2+.In the complexation with these metal ions, it was suggested that imine-n and heterocyclic-n atoms act as donor atoms.In addition, it was considered that the hydrophobicity derived from the organo-functional groups modified on mcm-41 contributed to improving the adsorption ability.

Journal: Analytical sciences : the international journal of the Japan Society for Analytical Chemistry (2021)
Publication types: Journal Article
A new cognitive model of long-term memory for intentions.

In this paper, we propose a new mathematical model of retrieval of intentions from long-term memory.We model retrieval as a stochastic race between a plurality of potentially relevant intentions stored in long-term memory.Psychological theories are dominated by two opposing conceptions of the role of memory in temporally extended agency - as when a person has to remember to make a phone call in the afternoon because, in the morning, she promised she would do so.According to the working memory conception, remembering to make the phone call is explained in terms of the construction and maintenance of intentions in working-memory.According to the long-term memory conception, we should explain the episode in terms of an ability to store intentions in long-term memory.The two conceptions predict different processing profiles.The aim of this paper is to present a new mathematical model of the type of memory mechanism that could realise the long-term memory representations of intentions necessary for the long-term memory conception.We present and illustrate the formal model and propose a new type of experimental paradigm that could allow us to test which of the two conceptions provides the best explanation of the role of memory in temporally extended agency.

Journal: Cognition (2021)
Publication types: Journal Article;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Safety and efficacy of a feed additive consisting ofPediococcus pentosaceusDSM 32292 for all animal species (Marigot Ltd t/a Celtic Sea Minerals).

Following a request from the european commission, the panel on additives and products or substances used in animal feed (feedap) was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the safety and efficacy of pediococcus pentosaceus dsm 32292 as a technological additive for all animal species.The additive is intended to improve the production of silage at a proposed application rate of 5 × 107colony forming units (cfu)/kg forage.The bacterial species p.Pentosaceusis considered by efsa to be suitable for the qualified presumption of safety (qps) approach.As the identity of the strain has been established and no antimicrobial resistance determinants of concern were detected, the use of the strain as a silage additive is considered safe for livestock species, for consumers and for the environment.In the absence of data, the feedap panel cannot conclude on the potential of the additive to be a skin/eye irritant or a skin sensitiser.Given the proteinaceous nature of the active agent, the additive should be considered a respiratory sensitiser.The additive at the proposed application rate of 5 × 107cfu/kg forage has the potential to improve the production of silages from moderately difficult to ensile forages.

Journal: EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article