syedzayyan/paper_mill_benchmark huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and correlates of sexual harassment in professional service firms.

Despite their significance, limited research has been conducted on sexual harassment in professional service firms (psfs).Methods survey data were gathered from 321 belgian employees (155 women, 166 men) of global accounting and law firms.The prevalence of sexual harassment in psfs based on traditional sexual harassment items and not-man-enough harassment items was reported.Correlations of respondents' experiences with workplace sexual harassment with perceived acceptance of sexual harassment by one's peers (social norms), personality traits, and demographic and job-related factors were examined.Results experiences of workplace sexual harassment were widespread in the current sample: 88.5% of women and 83.3% of men experienced at least once or twice some form of sexual harassment at work during the past 24 months.The most frequent types of sexual harassment reported are examples of (verbal) forms of gender harassment.Instances of traditional harassment were experienced equally often by men and women, while not-man-enough harassment was much more frequently experienced by women.Severe physical sexual harassment was less frequent.Workplace sexual harassment is positively correlated with perceived acceptance of sexual harassment by one's peers and negatively with job level.Conclusions results of the current study align with research that links workplace sexual harassment with workplace culture and suggest that both men and women in psfs experience enforcement of gender roles.It seems quintessential for firms to create working environments and cultures in which sexual harassment is clearly and unambiguously condemned and sanctioned.

Journal: Frontiers in public health (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
From mechanisms to markers: novel noninvasive EEG proxy markers of the neural excitation and inhibition system in humans.

Brain function is a product of the balance between excitatory and inhibitory (e/i) brain activity.Variation in the regulation of this activity is thought to give rise to normal variation in human traits, and disruptions are thought to potentially underlie a spectrum of neuropsychiatric conditions (e.g., autism, schizophrenia, downs' syndrome, intellectual disability).Hypotheses related to e/i dysfunction have the potential to provide cross-diagnostic explanations and to combine genetic and neurological evidence that exists within and between psychiatric conditions.However, the hypothesis has been difficult to test because: (1) it lacks specificity-an e/i dysfunction could pertain to any level in the neural system- neurotransmitters, single neurons/receptors, local networks of neurons, or global brain balance - most researchers do not define the level at which they are examining e/i function; (2) we lack validated methods for assessing e/i function at any of these neural levels in humans.As a result, it has not been possible to reliably or robustly test the e/i hypothesis of psychiatric disorders in a large cohort or longitudinal patient studies.Currently available, in vivo markers of e/i in humans either carry significant risks (e.g., deep brain electrode recordings or using positron emission tomography (pet) with radioactive tracers) and/or are highly restrictive (e.g., limited spatial extent for transcranial magnetic stimulation (tms) and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (mrs).More recently, a range of novel electroencephalography (eeg) features has been described, which could serve as proxy markers for e/i at a given level of inference.Thus, in this perspective review, we survey the theories and experimental evidence underlying 6 novel eeg markers and their biological underpinnings at a specific neural level.These cheap-to-record and scalable proxy markers may offer clinical utility for identifying subgroups within and between diagnostic categories, thus directing more tailored sub-grouping and, therefore, treatment strategies.However, we argue that studies in clinical populations are premature.To maximize the potential of prospective eeg markers, we first need to understand the link between underlying e/i mechanisms and measurement techniques.

Journal: Translational psychiatry (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article;Review;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
The Role of Urban Growth in Resilience of Communities Under Flood Risk.

Flood risk to urban communities is increasing significantly as a result of the integrated effects of climate change and socioeconomic development.The latter effect is one of the main drivers of rising flood risk has received less attention in comparison to climate change.Economic development and population growth are major causes of urban expansion in flood-prone areas, and a comprehensive understanding of the impact of urban growth on flood risk is an essential ingredient of effective flood risk management.At the same time, planning for community resilience has become a national and worldwide imperative in recent years.Enhancements to community resilience require well-integrated and enormous long-term public and private investments.Accordingly, comprehensive urban growth plans should take rising flood risk into account to ensure future resilient communities through careful collaboration between engineers, geologists, socialists, economists, and urban planners within the framework of life-cycle analysis.This paper highlights the importance of including urban growth in accurate future flood risk assessment and how planning for future urbanization should include measurement science-based strategies in developing policies to achieve more resilient communities.

Journal: Earth's future (2020)
Publication types: Journal Article;Review
Acquisition of Bioelectrical Signals with Small Electrodes.

Although the mechanisms of recording bioelectrical signals from different types of electrogenic cells (neurons, cardiac cells etc.) by means of planar metal electrodes have been extensively studied, the recording characteristics and conditions for very small electrode sizes are not yet established.Here, we present a combined experimental and computational approach to elucidate, how the electrode size influences the recorded signals, and how inherent properties of the electrode, such as impedance, noise, and transmission characteristics shape the signal.We demonstrate that good quality recordings can be achieved with electrode diameters of less than 10 μm, provided that impedance reduction measures have been implemented and provided that a set of requirements for signal amplification has been met.

Journal: IEEE Biomedical Circuits and Systems Conference : healthcare technology : [proceedings]. IEEE Biomedical Circuits and Systems Conference (2018)
Publication types: Journal Article
Characteristics Associated With High-Intensity Binge Drinking in Alcohol Use Disorder.

High-intensity binge drinking, defined as consuming 2-3 times the level of a binge (4 or 5 drinks for women or men), increases the risks of overdose and alcohol-related cancer relative to lower levels of drinking.This study examined the relationship between high-intensity binge drinking and three domains hypothesized to contribute to alcohol use disorder (aud): incentive salience, negative emotionality, and executive function.This cross-sectional study at the national institute on alcohol abuse and alcoholism examined 429 adults with aud and 413 adults without a history of aud.Drinking was assessed using the 90-day timeline followback interview.The aud sample was divided into training and testing sets, and a machine learning model was generated in the training set and then applied to the testing set, to classify individuals based on if they had engaged in high-intensity binge drinking.We also conducted regression models for the following dependent variables: the presence of high-intensity binge drinking, frequency of high-intensity binge drinking, and number of drinks per of binge.Independent variables in these regression models were determined by variable selection from the machine learning algorithm and included time thinking about alcohol, depression rating, and positive urgency as representative variables for the three domains.These variables were assessed using self-report measures.The models were applied to the adults without a history of aud to determine generalizability.The machine learning algorithm displayed reasonable accuracy when classifying individuals as high-intensity binge drinkers (area under roc=0.74, 95% ci 0.67, 0.80).In adults with aud, greater depression rating (or=1.04, 95% ci 1.01, 1.070) and amount of time thinking about alcohol (or=1.48, 95% ci 1.20, 1.91) were associated with greater likelihood of high-intensity binge drinking.They were also associated with greater frequency of high-intensity binge drinking days and greater number of drinks on binge occasions.Our findings suggest that incentive salience may contribute to high-intensity binge drinking in both controls and individuals with aud.Negative emotionality was only associated with high-intensity binge drinking in individuals diagnosed with aud, suggesting that it may be a consequence rather than a cause of high-intensity binge drinking.

Journal: Frontiers in psychology (2021)
Publication types: Journal Article
Bone marrow adiposity in pediatric Crohn's disease.

Patients with crohn's disease often have low bone mineral density and an increased risk of osteoporosis.Although decreased bone formation can be seen at diagnosis, the underlying pathophysiology of suboptimal bone accrual remains poorly understood.We sought to evaluate a novel mechanism affecting osteogenesis in patients with crohn's disease.In this case series, we evaluated bone marrow composition at the distal femur and proximal tibia of the left knee measured via magnetic resonance (mr) spectroscopy and relaxometry in five adolescents with the diagnosis of crohn's disease.The subjects were enrolled prospectively between 2011 and 2013 at boston children's hospital.Additional clinical information, including dxa scans to evaluate bone mineral density and body composition, and crohn's disease history, such as glucocorticoid use and disease duration, were assessed.Healthy adolescents have persistent hematopoietic marrow with only 40 to 50 % fat in the long bone metaphyses.The current participants with crohn's disease had increased marrow adiposity, with a mean fat fraction of 67.8 %.There appeared to be a trend towards higher fat fraction with shorter disease duration, while participants with the longest disease duration had the lowest fat fraction.Participants also had decreased bone density, increased fat mass, and lower lean mass, as assessed by dxa and compared to pediatric reference data.Our mri results demonstrate increased marrow adiposity in children with crohn's disease, especially early in the course of the disease.Dxa may better demonstrate longer-term effects on bone.Additional studies are needed to evaluate bone marrow composition in these patients and to elucidate further the inverse relationship between marrow adipocytes and osteogenesis, as well as the relationship between bone marrow adiposity and body composition.

Journal: Bone (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
Modulation of dorsal premotor cortex differentially influences I-wave excitability in primary motor cortex of young and older adults.

Previous research using transcranial magnetic stimulation (tms) has demonstrated weakened connectivity between dorsal premotor cortex (pmd) and motor cortex (m1) with age.While this alteration is probably mediated by changes in the communication between the two regions, the effect of age on the influence of pmd on specific indirect (i) wave circuits within m1 remains unclear.The present study therefore investigated the influence of pmd on early and late i-wave excitability in m1 of young and older adults.Twenty-two young (mean ± sd, 22.9 ± 2.9 years) and 20 older (66.6 ± 4.2 years) adults participated in two experimental sessions involving either intermittent theta burst stimulation (i tbs) or sham stimulation over pmd.Changes within m1 following the intervention were assessed with motor-evoked potentials (meps) recorded from the right first dorsal interosseous muscle.We applied posterior-anterior (pa) and anterior-posterior (ap) current single-pulse tms to assess corticospinal excitability (pa1m v; ap1m v; pa0.5m v, early; ap0.5m v, late), and paired-pulse tms short intracortical facilitation for i-wave excitability (pa sicf, early; ap sicf, late).Although pmd i tbs potentiated pa1m vand ap1m vmeps in both age groups (both p < 0.05), the time course of this effect was delayed for ap1m vin older adults (p = 0.001).Furthermore, while ap0.5m v, pa sicf and ap sicf were potentiated in both groups (all p < 0.05), potentiation of pa0.5m vwas only apparent in young adults (p < 0.0001).While pmd influences early and late i-wave excitability in young adults, direct pmd modulation of the early circuits is specifically reduced in older adults.Key points: interneuronal circuits responsible for late i-waves within primary motor cortex (m1) mediate projections from dorsal premotor cortex (pmd), but this communication probably changes with advancing age.We investigated the effects of intermittent theta burst stimulation (i tbs) to pmd on transcranial magnetic stimulation (tms) measures of m1 excitability in young and older adults.We found that pmd i tbs facilitated m1 excitability assessed with posterior-anterior (pa, early i-waves) and anterior-posterior (ap, late i-waves) current tms in young adults, with a stronger effect for ap tms.M1 excitability assessed with ap tms also increased in older adults following pmd i tbs, but there was no facilitation for pa tms responses.We conclude that changes in m1 excitability following pmd i tbs are specifically reduced for the early i-waves in older adults, which could be a potential target for interventions that enhance cortical excitability in older adults.

Journal: The Journal of physiology (2023)
Publication types: Journal Article;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Hepatocyte steatosis inhibits hepatitis B virus secretion via induction of endoplasmic reticulum stress.

The effects of hepatocyte steatosis on hepatitis b virus (hbv) dna replication and hbv-related antigen secretion are incompletely understood.The aims of this study are to explore the effects and mechanism of hepatocyte steatosis on hbv replication and secretion.Stearic acid (sa) and oleic acid (oa) were used to induce hep g2.2.15 cell steatosis in this study.The expressions of glucose-regulated protein 78 (grp78), phosphorylation of protein kinase r-like endoplasmic reticulum (er) kinase (p-perk), and eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2α (p-e if2α) were detected by western blotting (wb).Hbv dna, hbs ag, and hbe ag in the supernatant were determined by real-time fluorescent polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Intracellular hbv dna, hbs ag level, and hbv rna were measured by real-time fluorescent pcr, wb, and real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase-pcr, respectively.The results showed that sa and oa significantly increased intracellular lipid droplets and triglyceride levels.Sa and oa significantly induced grp78, p-perk, and p-e if2α expressions from 24 to 72 h.4-phenylbutyric acid (pba) alleviated er stress induced by sa.Sa promoted intracellular hbs ag and hbv dna accumulation; however, it inhibited the transcript of hbv 3.5 kb m rna and s m rna.The secretion of hbs ag and hbv dna inhibited by sa or oa could be partially restored by pretreatment with pba but not by inhibiting grp78 expression with si rna.Hepatocyte steatosis inhibits hbs ag and hbv dna secretion via induction of er stress in hepatocytes, but not via induction of grp78.

Journal: Molecular and cellular biochemistry (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
Landscape of Artificial Intelligence in Breast Cancer (2000-2021): A Bibliometric Analysis.

Breast cancer remains one of the leading malignancies in women with distinct clinical heterogeneity and intense multidisciplinary cooperation.Remarkable progresses have been made in artificial intelligence (ai).A bibliometric analysis was taken to characterize the current picture of development of ai in breast cancer.Materials and methods search process was performed in the web of science core collection database with analysis and visualization performed by r software, vosviewer, cite space and gephi.Latent dirichlet allocation (lda), a machine learning based algorithm, was used for analysis of topic terms.Results a total of 511 publications in the field of ai in breast cancer were retrieved between 2000 to 2021.A total of 103 publications were from usa with 2482 citations, making usa the leading country in the field of ai in breast cancer, followed by china.Mem sloan kettering canc ctr, radboud univ nijmegen, peking univ, sichuan univ, screen point med bv, lund univ, duke univ, univ chicago, harvard med sch and univ texas md anderson canc ctr were the leading institutions in the field of ai in breast cancer.Ai, breast cancer and classification, mammography were the leading keywords.Lda topic modeling identified top fifty topics relating the ai in breast cancer.A total of five primary clusters were found within the network of fifty topics, including radiology feature, lymph node diagnosis and model, pathological tissue and image, dataset classification and machine learning, gene expression and survival.Conclusions this research depicted ai studies in breast cancer and presented insightful topic terms with future perspective.

Journal: Frontiers in bioscience (Landmark edition) (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
Oral manifestations of delusional infestation: a case series.

Delusional infestation (di) is a rare psychotic disorder characterized by a patient's false belief that the body is infested with living or non-living organisms in the absence of clinical evidence of disease.Based on the underlying etiology, di can be classified into primary and secondary forms based on the presence or absence of an underlying condition or previously diagnosed psychiatric disorder.This paper discusses a condition that is not commonly reported in the literature.Case presentation here, we describe four patients diagnosed with di of the oral cavity.In each case, the patients' intraoral examinations revealed either traumatic lesions or no signs of mucosal disease.Management involved symptom management, medical therapy, and/or a referral to the primary care provider.Conclusion because oral health care providers may encounter patients with di, they should familiarize themselves with this unusual condition in order to recognize the condition and initiate prompt referral to a psychiatrist.

Journal: BMC oral health (2022)
Publication types: Case Reports;Journal Article
Lithium, a Treatment Option for Alzheimer's Disease? A Review of Existing Evidence and Discussion on Future Perspectives.

After over 50 years of use, lithium-salts remain the first-line therapy for the management of bipolar disorder.Throughout this period, the potential for lithium salts has been extensively studied and numerous data favor its use in the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders such as alzheimer's disease (ad).We reviewed existing evidence gathered from clinical case reports and studies on the effect of lithium on neuropsychological symptoms of ad and as a disease-modifying treatment acting on cognitive symptoms.The review summarizes the molecular pathways, involving gsk-3β inhibition and neuroprotection, through which lithium is proposed to exert its effect.Limitations to its current use in ad are discussed and future perspectives as a potential treatment option for ad are considered in regard to ongoing clinical trials using different forms of lithium.

Journal: Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD (2023)
Publication types: Journal Article;Review;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Assessing the actions of the Brazilian Federal Government to respond to the 2019 mysterious oil spill: a perpective of the national environmental agency.

On august 30, 2019, in the state of paraíba, an oil spill of unprecedented characteristics reached brazil, affecting 1009 coastal locations, in eleven states (from maranhão to rio de janeiro).The objective of this paper is to present a description of the incident scenario from the perspective of the brazilian federal government.Furthermore, the analysis of its performance regarding the actions and tools employed focuses on the role of the federal environment agency (ibama).Ibama led the federal government's initiatives for managing the spill when its true scale was yet unknown.Once the emergency was officially recognized, the government acted through the implementation of the national contingency plan for oil pollution incidents in waters under national jurisdiction.From then on, the spill management was under the command of the "grupo de acompanhamento e avaliação" (composed of ibama, the brazilian petroleum agency, and the navy).The performance of other entities was crucial to make response actions feasible.Management tools were added to help the standardization, speed, and consolidation of the information collected in the field.Considering the specificities and limitations imposed by this event, we conclude that the federal management of the spill was adequate, although opportunities for improvement were identified.

Journal: Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciencias (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
Opioid Prescribing to Medicare Part D Enrollees, 2013-2017: Shifting Responsibility to Pain Management Providers.

To examine opioid prescribing frequency and trends to medicare part d enrollees from 2013 to 2017 by medical specialty and provider type.Methods we conducted a retrospective, cross-sectional, specialty- and provider-level analysis of medicare part d prescriber data for opioid claims from 2013 to 2017.We analyzed opioid claims and prescribing trends for specialties accounting for ≥1% of all opioid claims.Results from 2013 to 2017, pain management providers increased medicare part d opioid claims by 27.3% to 1,140 mean claims per provider in 2017; physical medicine and rehabilitation providers increased opioid claims 16.9% to 511 mean claims per provider in 2017.Every other medical specialty decreased opioid claims over this period, with emergency medicine (-19.9%) and orthopedic surgery (-16.0%) dropping opioid claims more than any specialty.Physicians overall decreased opioid claims per provider by -5.2%.Meanwhile, opioid claims among both dentists (+5.6%) and nonphysician providers (+10.2%) increased during this period.Conclusions from 2013 to 2017, pain management and pmr increased opioid claims to medicare part d enrollees, whereas physicians in every other specialty decreased opioid prescribing.Dentists and nonphysician providers also increased opioid prescribing.Overall, opioid claims to medicare part d enrollees decreased and continue to drop at faster rates.

Journal: Pain medicine (Malden, Mass.) (2020)
Publication types: Journal Article;Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural;Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.