syedzayyan/paper_mill_benchmark huggingface dataset:
Simultaneous detection of macroevolutionary patterns in phenotypic means and rate of change with and within phylogenetic trees including extinct species.

Recognizing evolutionary trends in phenotypic means and rates requires the application of phylogenetic comparative methods (pcms).Most pcms are unsuited to make full use of fossil information, which is a drawback, given the inclusion of such data improves, and in some cases even corrects, the proper understanding of trait evolution.Here we present a new computer application, written in r, that allows the simultaneous computation of temporal trends in phenotypic mean and evolutionary rate along a phylogeny, and to contrast such patterns among different clades within the tree.By using simulation experiments, we show the new implementation, names search.trend is as powerful as existing pcm tools in discerning macroevolutionary patterns in phenotypic means and rates, but differently from any other pcm allows comparing individual clades to each other, and provides rich information about trait evolution for all lineages in the tree.

Journal: PloS one (2019)
Publication types: Journal Article
Optimizing Light Flash Sequence Duration to Shift Human Circadian Phase.

Unlike light input for forming images, non-image-forming retinal pathways are optimized to convey information about the total light environment, integrating this information over time and space.In a variety of species, discontinuous light sequences (flashes) can be effective stimuli, notably impacting circadian entrainment.In this study, we examined the extent to which this temporal integration can occur.A group of healthy, young (n= 20) individuals took part in a series of 16-day protocols in which we examined the impact of different lengths of light flash sequences on circadian timing.We find a significant phase change of -0.70 h in response to flashes that did not differ by duration; a 15-min sequence could engender as much change in circadian timing as 3.5-h sequences.Acute suppression of melatonin was also observed during short (15-min) exposures, but not in exposures over one hour in length.Our data are consistent with the theory that responses to light flashes are mediated by the extrinsic, rod/cone pathway, and saturate the response of this pathway within 15 min.Further excitation leads to no greater change in circadian timing and an inability to acutely suppress melatonin, indicating that this pathway may be in a refractory state following this brief light stimulation.

Journal: Biology (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
Pain management, fluid therapy and thromboprophylaxis after pancreatoduodenectomy: a worldwide survey among surgeons.

The aim of this survey was to assess practices regarding pain management, fluid therapy and thromboprophylaxis in patients undergoing pancreatoduodenectomy on a global basis.Methods this survey study among surgeons from eight (inter)national scientific societies was performed according to the cherries guideline.Results overall, 236 surgeons completed the survey.Eras protocols are used by 61% of surgeons and respectively 82%, 93%, 57% believed there is a relationship between pain management, fluid therapy, and thromboprophylaxis and clinical outcomes.Epidural analgesia (50%) was most popular followed by intravenous morphine (24%).A restrictive fluid therapy was used by 58% of surgeons.Chemical thromboprophylaxis was used by 88% of surgeons.Variations were observed between continents, most interesting being the choice for analgesic technique (transversus abdominis plane block was popular in north america), restrictive fluid therapy (little use in asia and oceania) and duration of chemical thromboprophylaxis (large variation).Conclusion the results of this international survey showed that only 61% of surgeons practice eras protocols.Although the majority of surgeons presume a relationship between pain management, fluid therapy and thromboprophylaxis and clinical outcomes, variations in practices were observed.Additional studies are needed to further optimize, standardize and implement eras protocols after pancreatic surgery.

Journal: HPB : the official journal of the International Hepato Pancreato Biliary Association (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
Clinical Utility of Cerebrospinal Fluid Aβ42 and Tau Measures in Diagnosing Mild Cognitive Impairment in Early Onset Dementia.

The differentiation of a preclinical or prodromal alzheimer's disease (ad) is challenging particularly in patients with early onset alzheimer's or related dementias (eoard).We report our experience on diagnostic lumbar puncture to diagnose eoard at a tertiary neurocognitive referral center in nottingham, england from march 2018 to october 2020.Objective to assess amyloid-β42 (aβ42), total tau, and thr181-phosphorylated tau (p-tau) measurements in the cerebrospinal fluid (csf) in patients with mild cognitive impairment (mci) and in relation to their follow-up cognitive performance.Methods thirty participants aged 32-68 years old (mean 59 years; 57% female) were included.Clinical diagnosis was based on clinical presentation, neurocognitive profile, neuroradiological features (mri, fdg-pet ct) and csf aβ42, total tau, and p-tau measurements.Results patients with mci who progressed to ad (prodromal ad) had significantly higher csf total (797.63 pg/ml) and p-tau (82.31 pg/ml), and lower aβ42 levels (398.94 pg/ml) in comparison to their counterparts with stable mci (total tau 303.67 pg/ml, p-tau 43.56 pg/ml, aβ42 873.44 pg/ml) (p < 0.01 for csf total and p-tau measures and p < 0.0001 for csf aβ42 measures).None of the csf biomarkers correlated with any of the cognitive performance measures.Principal component analysis confirmed that the clinical diagnosis of mci secondary to ad, namely prodromal ad (as per nia-aa criteria) in younger adults, was associated with decreased csf aβ42.Conclusion in early onset ad, low levels of csf aβ42 appear to be more sensitive than total and p-tau measures in differentiating ad mci from other forms of dementia.Further work on larger samples of eoard in clinical practice will address the cost effectiveness of making an earlier diagnosis.

Journal: Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Efficacy and safety of lacosamide in the treatment of status epilepticus in a patient with comorbidities.

Efficacy, safety and tolerability of lacosamide in the treatment of status epilepticus are well described.However, other evidence of its pharmacologic profile in elderly patients with other comorbidities seems warranted.We describe the case of an 80 year-old woman with an history of arterial hypertension, ischemic cardiomyopathy, copd, ckd, previous laryngeal cancer, a stoma positioning for diverticular disease and previous surgery for a left frontal meningioma.Since then, the patient developed focal epilepsy and she was on levetiracetam and valproic acid therapy.The patient was admitted to our department for a focal status epilepticus characterized by non-fluent aphasia and right facio-brachial clonic movements.She also presented with aspiration pneumonia and started intravenous antibiotic treatment.After failure of a first-line antiepileptic drug, lacosamide intravenous treatment was started, with complete reversal of the clinical picture.Eeg then showed focal slow waves mixed to interictal epileptiform discharges over the left fronto-temporal regions.The patient was then discharged home with an oral lacosamide treatment and at 3 months she was seizure-free.Our case report confirms the efficacy of lacosamide in status epilepticus, highlighting its safety and tolerability in an elderly and fragile patient with multiple comorbidities and drug therapy.

Journal: Acta bio-medica : Atenei Parmensis (2021)
Publication types: Case Reports;Journal Article
Knowledge, perception, and confidence of healthcare workers about COVID-19 preventive measures during the first wave of the pandemic: a cross-sectional study from Egypt.

Introduction the ongoing coronavirus-disease-19 (covid-19) pandemic had a variable history with differences in its various stages.This study evaluates the status of knowledge, perception, and confidence about covid-19 preventive measures during the first wave of the covid-19 pandemic among healthcare workers (hcws) in egypt.Methods a cross-sectional study was conducted during the first wave of the covid-19 pandemic, in july 2020, in egypt.An-online-based questionnaire was used to collect data.It included items to record demographic data, and an assessment of knowledge, the perception of healthcare facilities preparedness, and hcw confidence about applying infection prevention measures.Results a total of 465 responses were analyzed.Hcws' mean age was 36.76 ± 9.57 years, 94.2% (n=438) had an adequate level of knowledge, 31% (n=144) had an adequate perception level, and 39.4% (n=183) had an adequate confidence level.The main source of information was international organizations' websites 46.5% (n=216).The main barriers to applying preventive measures were the overcrowding of patient care areas 73.1% (n=339), and limited infection control supplies 68% (n=316).Factors associated with covid-19 among hcws were covid-19 infected family members (or: 5.86), inability to protect themselves and their families (or: 5.73), uncertainty about the available hand hygiene supplies (or: 3.76), male gender (or: 3.07), and single hcws (or: 2.88).Conclusions although the majority reported an adequate knowledge level, lower rates of adequate perception and confidence were observed.Revision of preparedness plans in different facilities should be further studied.Psychological support and gender differences should be considered in response programs.

Journal: Germs (2021)
Publication types: Journal Article
Does a Low-Cost Act of Support Produce Slacktivism or Commitment? Prosocial and Impression-Management Motives as Moderators.

Increase or decrease in subsequent action following a low-cost act of support for a cause can be predicted from both commitment theory and the slacktivism effect.In this paper, we report on three studies that tested type of motivation (prosocial vs.Impression management) as a moderator of the effect of an initial act of support [wearing a badge (s1) and writing a slogan (s2 and 3)] has on support for blood donation.Small-scale meta-analysis performed on data from the three studies shows that activating prosocial motivation generally leads to greater support for the cause after an initial act of support compared to the control condition, while the effect from impression-management motivation can either be negative or null.

Journal: Frontiers in psychology (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
Long-Term Prognosis and Treatment of Crop Impaction in Chickens via Ingluviotomy with Local Infiltration Anesthetic: Case Report.

Two hens from two backyard chicken flocks were presented to a private veterinary practice specializing in poultry, both with a chief complaint of crop distention.Crop impaction was diagnosed based on physical examinations and radiographic findings.The hens were admitted for ingluviotomy surgery to remove the impacted fibrous material under local anesthesia.Even though one of the hens was diagnosed with pendulous crop, both hens recovered uneventfully after ingluviotomy and postoperative care.Follow-up examinations and interviews with the owners confirmed excellent long-term recovery.

Journal: Avian diseases (2022)
Publication types: Case Reports;Journal Article
Fulminant scleral abscess secondary to infected scleral buckle withMoraxellaspecies.

We here report a case of scleral buckle infection with fulminant scleral abscess secondary to moraxella species.A 54-year-old chronic alcoholic male with a history of retinal detachment repair, with scleral buckle 8 years prior, presented with complaints of severe pain, redness, and swelling in the right eye since 2 weeks.The patient was diagnosed with scleral buckle infection, the buckle was removed, and cultures revealed moraxella species.The postoperative course included fulminant scleral abscess treated with dual antibiotic therapy that included ceftriaxone and moxifloxacin.All systemic antibiotics were discontinued after 3 weeks, retina remained attached, and no recurrence occurred over a 1-year follow-up.Moraxella, though commonly associated with bacterial keratitis, can also lead to buckle infection, especially in chronic alcoholic and immunocompromised patients.In buckle infection, infected buckle along with sutures should be immediately removed without damaging underlying compromised sclera.Lastly, culture and drug sensitivity play a very important role in buckle infections.

Journal: Indian journal of ophthalmology (2019)
Publication types: Case Reports;Journal Article
Limitations of cognitive control on emotional distraction - Congruency in the Color Stroop task does not modulate the Emotional Stroop effect.

Emotional information receives prioritized processing over concurrent cognitive processes.This can lead to distraction if emotional information has to be ignored.In the cognitive domain, mechanisms have been described that allow control of (cognitive) distractions.However, whether similar cognitive control mechanisms also can attenuate emotional distraction is an active area of research.This study asked whether cognitive control (triggered in the color stroop task) attenuates emotional distraction in the emotional stroop task.Theoretical accounts of cognitive control, and the emotional stroop task alike, predict such an interaction for tasks that employ the same relevant (e.g., color-naming) and irrelevant (e.g., word-reading) dimension.In an alternating-runs design with color and emotional stroop tasks changing from trial to trial, we analyzed the impact of proactive and reactive cognitive control on emotional stroop effects.Four experiments manipulated predictability of congruency and emotional stimuli.Overall, results showed congruency effects in color stroop tasks and emotional stroop effects.Moreover, we found a spillover of congruency effects and emotional distraction to the other task, indicating that processes specific to one task impacted to the other task.However, bayesian analyses and a mini-meta-analysis across experiments weigh against the predicted interaction between cognitive control and emotional distraction.The results point out limitations of cognitive control to block off emotional distraction, questioning views that assume a close interaction between cognitive control and emotional processing.

Journal: Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article;Meta-Analysis;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Age-dependent associations of body mass index with myocardial infarction, heart failure, and mortality in over 9 million Koreans.

S while obesity is a well-known cardiovascular risk factor, little is known whether age has a modifying effect.The aim of this study is to determine the age-dependent associations of body mass index (bmi) with cardiovascular outcomes.Methods and results a population-based cohort of 9 278 433 koreans without prior cardiovascular disease were followed up for the incidence of myocardial infarction (mi), heart failure (hf), and all-cause death.The effect of bmi with optimal normal weight (18.5-22.9 kg/m2) as reference was analysed according to age groups [young (20-39 years), middle-aged (40-64 years), and elderly (≥65 years)] and age decades.During 8.2 years, mi, hf, and all-cause death occurred in 65 607 (0.71%), 131 903 (1.42%), and 306 065 (3.30%), respectively.Associations between bmi and all outcomes were significantly modified by age (p-for-interaction &lt; 0.001).There was a proportional increase in incident mi according to bmi in young subjects; this relationship became u-shaped in middle-aged subjects and inversely proportional/plateauing in elderly subjects.A u-shaped relationship between bmi and incident hf was observed, but the impact of obesity was stronger in young subjects while the impact of underweight was stronger in middle-aged and elderly subjects.Meanwhile, lower bmi was associated with higher all-cause mortality in all ages, although this association was attenuated at the young age, and pre-obesity was associated with the greatest survival benefit.These associations were independent of sex, smoking, physical activity, and comorbidities.Conclusion the impact of bmi on cardiovascular risk differs according to age.Weight loss may be recommended for younger overweight subjects, while being mildly overweight may be beneficial at old age.

Journal: European journal of preventive cardiology (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
The value of referral information and assessment - a cross sectional study of radiographers' perceptions.

Radiology professionals are frequently confronted with referrals containing insufficient clinical information, which hinders delivery of safe and quality medical imaging services.There is however lack of knowledge on why and how referral information is important for radiographers in clinical practice.This study explores what purposes referral information is used/ useful for the radiographers, and the benefits of involving them in assessing referrals.Methods a cross sectional study was conducted of radiographers recruited through the international society of radiographers and radiological technologists (isrrt) networks.A questionnaire was developed and distributed consisting of 5-point likert scale questions on a) use/usefulness of referral information for 12 listed purposes and b) the benefits of radiographers assessing referrals for 8 possible reasons.The questionnaire was validated using a test-retest reliability analysis.Kappa values ≥0.6 were accepted.Spss software was used for data analysis and chi-square tests to determine associations between using referral information and background variables.Results total respondents were 279 (n = 233 currently in clinical practice and n = 46 in other positions).The participants in clinical practice ranked high all 12 listed purposes for use of referral information, and all except one received ≥60% 'frequent'/'very frequent' responses.Use for patient identification purposes received the highest score (97% 'frequently'/'very frequently' responses), followed by ensuring imaging of the correct body region (79% 'very frequently' responses).Radiographers not currently working in clinical practice ranked the 'usefulness' of listed items similarly.Significant associations between frequent use of referral information and education level were not observed, and only three items were significantly associated with modality of practice.All items on benefits of radiographers assessing referrals received ≥75% 'agree'/'strongly agree' scores.The items ranked highest were promotes radiographers' professional responsibility and improves collaboration with radiologists and referring clinicians, with 72 and 67% strongly agreed responses, respectively.Conclusion radiographers use referral information frequently for several purposes.The referral information is needed for justifying and optimising radiological procedures, hence crucial for ensuring patient safety and high-quality services.This further emphasis why radiographers perceive several benefits of being involved in assessing the referral information.

Journal: BMC health services research (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
Olinciguat, a stimulator of soluble guanylyl cyclase, attenuates inflammation, vaso-occlusion and nephropathy in mouse models of sickle cell disease.

And purpose reduced bioavailability of no, a hallmark of sickle cell disease (scd), contributes to intravascular inflammation, vasoconstriction, vaso-occlusion and organ damage observed in scd patients.Soluble guanylyl cyclase (s gc) catalyses synthesis of c gmp in response to no.C gmp-amplifying agents, including no donors and phosphodiesterase 9 inhibitors, alleviate tnfα-induced inflammation in wild-type c57bl/6 mice and in 'humanised' mouse models of scd.Experimental approach effects of the s gc stimulator olinciguat on intravascular inflammation and renal injury were studied in acute (c57bl6 and berkeley mice) and chronic (townes mice) mouse models of tnfα-induced and systemic inflammation associated with scd.Key results acute treatment with olinciguat attenuated increases in plasma biomarkers of endothelial cell activation and leukocyte-endothelial cell interactions in tnfα-challenged mice.Co-treatment with hydroxyurea, an fda-approved scd therapeutic agent, further augmented the anti-inflammatory effect of olinciguat.In the berkeley mouse model of tnfα-induced vaso-occlusive crisis, a single dose of olinciguat attenuated leukocyte-endothelial cell interactions, improved blood flow and prolonged survival time compared to vehicle-treated mice.In townes scd mice, plasma biomarkers of inflammation and endothelial cell activation were lower in olinciguat- than in vehicle-treated mice.In addition, kidney mass, water consumption, 24-h urine excretion, plasma levels of cystatin c and urinary excretion of n-acetyl-β-d-glucosaminidase and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin were lower in townes mice treated with olinciguat than in vehicle-treated mice.Conclusion and implications our results suggest that the s gc stimulator olinciguat attenuates inflammation, vaso-occlusion and kidney injury in mouse models of scd and systemic inflammation.

Journal: British journal of pharmacology (2021)
Publication types: Journal Article;Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Optimization model for ultrasonic-assisted and scale-up extraction of anthocyanins from Pyrus communis 'Starkrimson' fruit peel.

Ultrasonic effect on extraction of cyanidin-3-galactoside (cy3-gal) from pear fruit peel was investigated and compared with conventional extraction (ce) method.Different process factors were tested to determine the optimum conditions for ultrasonic-assisted extraction (uae).Results revealed that under optimized uae conditions (ultrasonic power = 162 w, temperature = 71 °c, trifluoroacetic acid = 3%, ethanol = 57%, ultrasonication time = 11 min, and sample to solvent ratio = 1:30 g/ml), cy3-gal yield was significantly higher (0.34 3± 0.005 mg/g) than from ce (0.266 ± 0.004 mg/g), whereas the extract viscosity during uae showed a negative impact.Uplc-triple-tof/ms analysis detected a total number of 13 anthocyanin compounds, out of which 8 were identified and that mainly consisted of cyanidin, delphinidin and petunidin compounds.Higher yield of cy3-gal under uae compared to ce was also justified by higher deformations in the cell structure.The possible mechanism of ultrasonication effect during the extraction process is also proposed in the present study.During scale-up uae process, the extraction yield of cy3-gal was recorded higher under batch scale-up compared to continuous operation.The present study is an attempt to optimize uae of valuable anthocyanins from pyrus communis 'starkrimson' fruit peel and further scaled-up for higher volume extraction which can be utilized for industrial applications.

Journal: Food chemistry (2019)
Publication types: Journal Article