syedzayyan/paper_mill_benchmark huggingface dataset:
The evolving challenges confronting adults living with HIV in three North African countries during the COVID-19 crisis: a survey-based study.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) has resulted in a huge burden on healthcare systems, especially on programs for chronic illnesses such as hiv.We aimed to assess the challenges confronting adult people living with hiv (plhiv) in three countries in north africa during the covid-19 crisis and their awareness of covid-19 non-pharmaceutical preventive measures.Methods this online survey included plhiv aged ≥18 y from three countries in north africa recruited by a snowball sampling technique, who were asked to complete a modified questionnaire originally developed by the university of antwerp in belgium, which was then disseminated through social media tools to assess the study outcomes.Results out of 369 respondents, 260 (70.5%) were males and 237 (64.2%) were aged 18-39 y.Adherence to covid-19 preventive measures, wearing facemasks (308 [83.2%]), applying hand-sanitizers (299 [80.8%]) and following cough etiquette (261 [70.5%]), were predominantly reported.Only 48 (13%) were vaccinated against influenza.One hundred and forty-five participants (42%) experienced flu-like symptoms, 29 (20%) were tested for covid-19, with only one confirmed case identified.Among 344 (93.2%) on antiretroviral therapy (73.8% efavirenz- vs 6.4% dolutegravir-based regimens), 219 (63.7%) attended their scheduled visits, 144 (41.9%) had limited access to care due to lockdown and 29 (8.4%) became less adherent to their antiretroviral therapy.Covariates associated with challenges during access to care were age ≥60 y (or=6.5; 95% ci 1.8 to 23.2) and receiving second-line hiv treatment such as protease inhibitors (or=2.7; 95% ci 1.3 to 5.8).Conclusion the pandemic adversely affected plhiv.New innovative strategies should be implemented to ensure the continuity of hiv services.

Journal: Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
Effects of diversity on thermal niche variation in bird communities under climate change.

Climate change alters ecological communities by affecting individual species and interactions between species.However, the impacts of climate change may be buffered by community diversity: diverse communities may be more resistant to climate-driven perturbations than simple communities.Here, we assess how diversity influences long-term thermal niche variation in communities under climate change.We use 50-year continental-scale data on bird communities during breeding and non-breeding seasons to quantify the communities' thermal variability.Thermal variability is measured as the temporal change in the community's average thermal niche and it indicates community's response to climate change.Then, we study how the thermal variability varies as a function of taxonomic, functional, and evolutionary diversity using linear models.We find that communities with low thermal niche variation have higher functional diversity, with this pattern being measurable in the non-breeding but not in the breeding season.Given the expected increase in seasonal variation in the future climate, the differences in bird communities' thermal variability between breeding and non-breeding seasons may grow wider.Importantly, our results suggest that functionally diverse wildlife communities can mitigate effects of climate change by hindering changes in thermal niche variability, which underscores the importance of addressing the climate and biodiversity crises together.

Journal: Scientific reports (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Quality Analysis of YouTube Videos Presenting Shoulder Exercises after Breast Cancer Surgery.

The prolonged immobilization suggested after breast cancer (bc) surgery causes morbidity.Patients search the internet, especially social networks, for recommended exercises.Objective the aim of this observational study was to assess the quality of you tube videos, accessible for any patient, about exercises after bc surgery.Methods a systematic search was performed on you tube.One hundred and fifty videos were selected and analyzed.Two statistical analyses were conducted based on machine-learning techniques.Videos were classified as "relevant" and "non-relevant" using principal component analysis models.Popularity was evaluated by video power index (vpi), informational quality and accuracy were measured using the discern scale and global quality scale (gqs).Scoring criteria for exercises were established according to the exercises recommended by the oncology section of the american physical therapy association (apta).Interobserver agreement and individual correlations were statistically examined.Results discern scored a mean of 50.97 (standard deviation [sd] 19.19).Honcode scored 78.30 (11.02) and gqs scored 3.49 (0.74).Average number of views was 53,963 (sd 67,376), mean duration was 9:42 min (9:15), mean days online was 2,158 (922), mean view ratio was 27.14 (30.24), mean likes was 245 (320.5), mean dislikes was 13.4 (14.2), and mean vpi was 93.48 (5.42).Conclusion the quality of you tube videos of recommended exercises post-bc surgery is high and can be a translational activity to improve patients' behavior.Health institutions and ngos, with higher popularity levels than academic institutions, should consider this information when implementing new policies focused on video quality which can contribute to adaptive behavior in patients.

Journal: Breast care (Basel, Switzerland) (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
Prospective Study of CRMP4 Promoter Methylation in Prostate Biopsies as a Predictor For Lymph Node Metastases.

For patients with prostate cancer (pca), the presence of pelvic lymph node metastasis (lnm) is a strong predictor of poor outcome.However, the approaches with promising sensitivity and specificity to detect lnm are still lacking.We investigated the value of collapsin response mediator protein 4 (crmp4) promoter methylation in biopsies as a predictor for lnm.Methods crmp4 promoter methylation at two previously identified cp g sites was determined in 80 case-matched biopsy samples (the training set) using bisulfite pyrosequencing.The predictive cutoff value was independently validated using cohort i of 339 pca patients (southern china) and cohort ii of 328 case patients (germany, across china).Mann-whitney u test, the receiver operating characteristic curve, mc nemar's test, and logistic regression were used to assess data.All statistical tests were two-sided.Results in the training set, crmp4 promoter methylation (≥15.0% methylated) was statistically significantly associated with lnm (p < 001).Successful validations were achieved in both cohorts i and ii (sensitivity = 92.3%, 95% confidence interval [ci] = 79.3 to 97.9, and sensitivity = 92.2%, 95% ci = 81.1 to 97.8, respectively; specificity = 92.7%, 95% ci = 80.2 to 99.1, and specificity = 91.3%, 95% ci = 87.4 to 94.4, respectively).The sensitivity of crmp4 promoter methylation is superior to conventional mri (cohort i: 92.3% vs 26.2%, p < 001; cohort ii: 92.2% vs 33.3%, p < 001).Crmp4 promoter methylation is an independent predictor of lnm (cohort i: hazard ratio [hr] = 8.35, 95% ci = 5.64 to 12.35, p < 001; cohort ii: hr = 12.46, 95% ci = 5.82 to 26.70, p < 001) in a multivariable analysis model.Conclusion crmp4 promoter methylation in diagnostic biopsies could be a robust biomarker for lnm in pca.

Journal: Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2017)
Publication types: Journal Article;Validation Study
Research Updates for Influenza Virus and Vaccine Development.

While the scientific community has been focusing on combating novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-co v-2) that is responsible for the current covid-19 pandemic, we also want to draw your attention to this special issue of vaccinesentitled "influenza virus and vaccine development" [...].

Journal: Vaccines (2021)
Publication types: Editorial
Concealed Tracheal Angiosarcoma Beneath a Large Thyroid Mass-An Unexpected Cause of Intractable Hemoptysis.

Angiosarcoma is a rare primary tracheal-bronchus origin tumor which was only reported in a few cases.The diagnosis and treatment for such a rare tumor has long been a challenge.In this case, a male hemoptysis patient who was initially misdiagnosed with thyroid carcinoma with tracheal invasion was finally diagnosed with tracheal angiosarcoma.A thick-walled cystic nodular mass was found preoperatively in the right thyroid lobe overlying the tracheal angiosarcoma, which contributed to our initial misdiagnosis.Flap bleeding and necrosis occured after the surgery and patient continued to cough blood even when we excised the whole flap, which suggested the intramural growth and local invasion of the angiosarcoma.This study also reviewed previous literactures on airway angiosarcoma and discussed the treatment strategy.

Journal: Ear, nose, & throat journal (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
Usefulness of dynamic ultrasound in the diagnosis of epigastric herniation of stomach.

Introduction abdominal wall hernia contents usually consist of omental or mesenteric fat or loops of small or large bowel.Gastric involvement has been only rarely reported.Case report we present a case of a 62-year-old woman who was admitted to our hospital due to epigastric pain and vomiting.On physical examination, the only observed abnormality was a soft, painless, epigastric bulge located in the upper midline.Based on the clinical presentation, the patient was diagnosed with a probable epigastric hernia.Dynamic ultrasound evaluation of the palpable bulge confirmed the presence of epigastric hernia demonstrating the movement of abdominal contents through a large wall defect.Surprisingly, the herniated contents were found to contain also the anterior wall of the distal stomach together with omental fat and vessels.The patient opted for surgery, which confirmed the presence of an epigastric hernia containing the distal portion of stomach.Discussion in this case, dynamic ultrasound provided added value over computed tomography by clearly demonstrating stomach passing from the abdominal cavity to enter into the hernia sac and it is therefore reported for both its rarity and interest.To our knowledge, this is the first such ultrasound-based case report presented in literature and certainly the best sonographically documented.Conclusion we anticiapte that this case report will promote the use of dynamic ultrasound in current practice as an effective imaging tool to recognise unusual types of hernias.

Journal: Ultrasound (Leeds, England) (2022)
Publication types: Case Reports;Journal Article
Current trends in the use of human serum albumin for drug delivery in cancer.

Introduction human serum albumin is the most abundant transport protein in plasma, which has recently been extensively utilized to form nanoparticles for drug delivery in cancer.The primary reason for selecting albumin protein as drug delivery cargo is its excellent biocompatibility, biodegradability, and non-immunogenicity.Moreover, the albumin structure containing three homologous domains constituted of a single polypeptide (585 amino acid) incorporates various hydrophobic drugs by non-covalent interactions.Albumin shows active tumor targeting via their interaction with gp60 and sparc proteins abundant in the tumor-associated endothelial cells and the tumor microenvironment.Areas covered the review discusses the importance of albumin as a drug-carrier system, general procedures to prepare albumin nps, and the current trends in using albumin-based nanomedicines to deliver various chemotherapeutic agents.The various applications of albumin in the nanomedicines, such as nps surface modifier and fabrication of hybrid/active-tumor targeted nps, are delineated based on current trends.Expert opinion nanomedicines have the potential to revolutionize cancer treatment.However, clinical translation is limited majorly due to the lack of suitable nanomaterials offering systemic stability, optimum drug encapsulation, tumor-targeted delivery, sustained drug release, and biocompatibility.The potential of albumin could be explored in nanomedicines fabrication for superior treatment outcomes in cancer.

Journal: Expert opinion on drug delivery (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
The Burden of Geriatric Trauma at the University College Hospital, Ibadan Nigeria.

Geriatric populations presently account for 9% of the world population and this is expected to increase.Injuries to the elderly accounted for 5.8 million accident and emergency visits in the us as well as 4% of patients treated for traumatic injuries in abuja, nigeria.Traumatic injury is therefore a major cause of morbidity in the elderly as such the need for the study in our environment.Aims and objectives the aim of this study was to review the incidence and types of traumatic injury among the elderly population that presented at the university college hospital ibadan and to determine the causes of traumatic injury involving the geriatric age group in our environment.Materials and methods a retrospective hospital-based study involving the records of geriatric patients that presented with traumatic injuries between january 2014 and june 2021 at the geriatric center and the accident and emergency department of the hospital.The record was retrieved from the total quality management unit of the hospital.Results approximately 7.61% of the traumatic injury that presented at the accident and emergency department within the study period involved geriatric patients with a male-to-female ratio of 1:1.08, whereas 0.3% of the patients for inpatient care at the geriatric center had a traumatic injury.Fall was the most common cause of traumatic injury observed and fracture was the most common traumatic injury observed.Conclusion less than 10% of the patients with the traumatic injury that presented at the university college hospital ibadan are in the geriatric age group.Most of the traumatic injury involving geriatric patients in our environment is due to low energy falls and fracture is the most common injury observed with the femur being the most affected bone.Therefore, interventions directed at reducing the incidence of falls in our environment will hopefully help in reducing the incidence of traumatic injuries in older person.

Journal: Journal of the West African College of Surgeons (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
CBCRisk model to determine the risk of contralateral breast cancer in sporadic breast cancer.

Introduction the great majority of breast cancer (bc) cases are diagnosed in women who have no known family history of the disease and are not carriers of any risk mutation.During the past few decades an increase in the number of contralateral prophylactic mastectomy (cpm) has been produced in these patients.The cbcrisk model calculates the absolute risk of suffering from contralateral breast cancer (cbc); thus, it can be used to counselling patients with sporadic breast cancer.Method an observational, retrospective study including sporadic breast cancer patients treated with contralateral prophylactic mastectomy has been conducted between 2017 and 2019.A descriptive and comparative study with one variation of logistic regression has been carried out in order to identify predictive factors of occult tumors (ot) and medium/high risk damage (mhrd).Evaluation of the cbcrisk model published in 2017 and different limit values for the cpm recommendation.Results 42 patients were selected.Incidence of mhrd and ot was lower than that described in the literatura (9.52% mhrd, 2.38% ot).None of the evaluated variables reached statistical significance for predicting injuries.The average value of cbcrisk 5 years ahead found in patients with pathological findings was 2.08 (sd 0.97), higher than the average value of the whole group (1.87 ± 0.91) and the subgroup without pathological findings (1.84 ± 0.91).Only values ≥ 3 for cbcrisk were considered statistically significant (p = 0.04) for the prediction of histological lesions.Conclusion patients with sporadic breast cancer should be adequately informed about the estimated risks and benefits of undergoing a contralateral prophylactic mastectomy.The cbcrisk may be useful for the counseling of these patients, but it requires validation in larger and prospective cohorts.

Journal: Cirugia espanola (2020)
Publication types: Journal Article
Exploring the role of external experts in supporting staff to implement psychosocial interventions in care home settings: results from the process evaluation of a randomized controlled trial.

Psychosocial interventions offer opportunities to improve care for people with dementia in care homes.However, implementation is often led by staff who are not well prepared for the role.Some interventions use external experts to support staff.However little is known about external expert, care home staff and manager perceptions of such support.This paper addresses this gap.Methods multi-methods study within a process evaluation of a cluster randomised controlled trial of dementia care mappingtm (dcm).Interviews were conducted with six external experts who also completed questionnaires, 17 care home managers and 25 care home staff responsible for dcm implementation.Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and template analysis.Results three themes were identified: the need for expert support, practicalities of support and broader impacts of providing support.Expert support was vital for successful dcm implementation, although the five-days provided was felt to be insufficient.Some homes felt the support was inflexible and did not consider their individual needs.Practical challenges of experts being located at a geographical distance from the care homes, limited when and how support was available.Experts gained knowledge they were able to then apply in delivering dcm training.Experts were not able to accurately predict which homes would be able to implement dcm independently in future cycles.Conclusions an external expert may form a key component of successful implementation of psychosocial interventions in care home settings.Future research should explore optimal use of the expert role.

Journal: BMC health services research (2019)
Publication types: Journal Article;Randomized Controlled Trial
Mechanistic study of the gas-phase chemistry during the spray deposition of Zn(O,S) films by mass spectrometry.

The mass spectrometer, is a powerful tool to identify species and investigate reactions in the gas phase.In this work, the mechanism of aerosol assisted chemical vapor deposition (aacvd) of zn(o,s) films prepared from h2s and zinc acetylacetonate (zn(acac)2) precursor solutions is elucidated by mass spectrometry.The thermochemical behavior of zn(acac)2is investigated by characterizing the influence of the solvent (h2o or ethanol), the p h value of the precursor solution and the effect of the reactant h2s, and by tracking gaseous intermediate products using mass spectrometry.Based on these results, a proton-promoted thermolysis mechanism for the aacvd zn(o,s) film formation is then proposed, which is initiated by the hydrolysis with h2o as the first stage, followed either by the rearrangement with an intramolecular proton or by the reaction with an extramolecular proton to produce zn o or zn(o,s).A real time mass tracking of the aacvd process reveals that only an adequate amount of h2s promotes the chemical gas-phase decomposition and sulfurization process, while an excess of h2s depletes the gaseous zn(acac)2concentration and consequently reduces the film growth rate.The knowledge of the thermal decomposition process helps to optimize synthesis conditions and to adjust film properties to meet the requirement of the application in chalcopyrite or kesterite thin film solar cells.

Journal: Ultrasonics sonochemistry (2021)
Publication types: Journal Article
Closure device use for common femoral artery antegrade access is higher risk than retrograde access.

Although the use of closure devices (cd) for femoral artery antegrade access (aa) is not in the instructions for use (ifu) for many devices, aa has been reported to be associated with a lower incidence of access site complications compared to manual compression alone.We hypothesized that cd use for aa would not be associated with a clinically significant increased odds of access site complications compared to cd use for retrograde access (ra).Methods this was a retrospective review of the vascular quality initiative from 2010 to 2019 for infrainguinal peripheral vascular interventions with common femoral artery access closed with a cd.Patients who had a cutdown or multiple access sites were excluded.Cases were then stratified into whether access was antegrade or retrograde.Hierarchical multivariable logistic regressions controlling for hospital level variation were used to examine the independent association between aa and access site complications.The primary outcomes were access site hematoma, stenosis, or occlusion as defined in the vqi.The secondary outcome was the development of an access site hematoma requiring an intervention, which was defined as transfusion, thrombin injection, or surgery.Sensitivity analyses after coarsened exact matching were performed to reduce residual bias.Results overall, 72,463 cases were identified and 6,070 (8.4%) had aa.Patients with aa were less likely to be smokers (27.2% vs 33.0%) or obese (31.5% vs 35.6%; all p<0.05).Patients with aa were more likely to be on dialysis (12.8% vs 10.1%) and have ultrasound-guided access (76.4% vs 66.2%; p<0.05 for all).Compared to ra, patients with aa were more likely to develop any access site hematoma (2.5% vs 1.8%; p<0.01) and a hematoma requiring intervention (0.7% vs 0.5%; p=0.03), but had no difference in access site stenosis or occlusion (0.3% vs 0.2%; p=0.21).On multivariable analyses, aa had increased odds of developing any access site hematoma (or=1.46; 95% ci=1.22-1.76) and a hematoma requiring intervention (or=1.48; 95% ci=1.10-1.98).Sensitivity analyses after coarsened exact matching confirmed these findings.Conclusion in this nationally representative sample, the use of cds for femoral access was associated with an overall low rate of access site complications.However, there was an increased odds of access site hematomas with aa.Patient selection for aa remains important and ultrasound guided access should be the standard of care for this approach.

Journal: Annals of vascular surgery (2021)
Publication types: Comparative Study;Journal Article
The Goldwater Rule: a bastion of a bygone era?

In tandem with the changing political landscape in recent years, interest in the goldwater rule has re-emerged within psychiatric discourse.Initiated in 1973, the goldwater rule is an ethical code specific to psychiatry created by the american psychiatric association in response to events surrounding the usa presidential election of 1964, in which the integrity of the psychiatric profession was challenged.Current detractors view the rule as an antiquated entity which obfuscates psychiatric pragmatism and progression.Proponents underscore its role in maintaining both respectful objectivity and diagnostic integrity within the psychiatric assessment process.This essay aims to explore the origin of the rule, and critique its applicability to modern-day psychiatric practice.

Journal: History of psychiatry (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article