syedzayyan/paper_mill_benchmark huggingface dataset:
Liver cirrhosis: Still an elusive risk factor in the current EuroSCORE system.

S liver cirrhosis increases the risk of death in patients having cardiac surgery, and the risk is markedly dependent on the actual stage.The euro score ii, however, does not specifically address the risk of death of patients with liver cirrhosis.We investigated the predictive power of euro score ii in patients with liver cirrhosis.Methods between 2000 and 2020, a total of 218 patients with liver cirrhosis underwent cardiac surgery.To improve the predictive value of the euro score ii, we calculated additional β-coefficients to include liver cirrhosis in the euro score iib.The control group included 5,764 patients without liver cirrhosis from the same period.Results of the 5,764 patients without cirrhosis, 8.9% died early.Of those with cirrhosis, 8.9% of 146 patients with child a stage, 52.9% of 51 patients with child b stage and 100% of 21 patients with child c stage died.Moreover, the euro score ii showed a poor predictive value for patients in child b and c stages.The resulting values of calculated β using the area under the curve of the receiver operating characteristic and bootstrapping for child stages as predictors of mortality were as follows: βa = 0.1640205, βb= 2.9911625 and βc= 6.2501248.By calculating the updated euro score iib and regenerating the receiver operating characteristic curves, we were able to demonstrate an improvement in area under the curve values.Postoperative complications, need for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation or intra-aortic balloon pump implants, intensive care unit stays and hospital stays were significantly higher in cirrhotic patients with cirrhosis compared with patients without cirrhosis.The most common cause of liver cirrhosis was alcohol abuse (55.5%).Conclusions although patients with liver cirrhosis represent only a small proportion of cardiac surgical cases, the poor outcomes are particularly relevant in patients with advanced stages of the disease.Our study results show that child class a patients show outcomes similar to those of patients without liver disease whereas child class c patients appear to be nearly inoperable, i.e.Can only be operated on with exceptional risks.Including these patients in the euro score ii calculation would thus represent an improvement in preoperative mortality risk assessment.

Journal: European journal of cardio-thoracic surgery : official journal of the European Association for Cardio-thoracic Surgery (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
Pharmacological Activation of Nrf2 Enhances Functional Liver Regeneration.

And aims the transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (nrf2) regulates an array of cytoprotective genes, yet studies in transgenic mice have led to conflicting reports on its role in liver regeneration.We aimed to test the hypothesis that pharmacological activation of nrf2 would enhance liver regeneration.Approach and results wild-type and nrf2 null mice were administered bardoxolone methyl (cddo-me), a potent activator of nrf2 that has entered clinical development, and then subjected to two-thirds partial hepatectomy.Using translational noninvasive imaging techniques, cddo-me was shown to enhance the rate of restoration of liver volume (mri) and improve liver function (multispectral optoacoustic imaging of indocyanine green clearance) in wild-type, but not nrf2 null, mice following partial hepatectomy.Using immunofluorescence imaging and whole transcriptome analysis, these effects were found to be associated with an increase in hepatocyte hypertrophy and proliferation, the suppression of immune and inflammatory signals, and metabolic adaptation in the remnant liver tissue.Similar processes were modulated following exposure of primary human hepatocytes to cddo-me, highlighting the potential relevance of our findings to patients.Conclusions our results indicate that pharmacological activation of nrf2 is a promising strategy for enhancing functional liver regeneration.Such an approach could therefore aid the recovery of patients undergoing liver surgery and support the treatment of acute and chronic liver disease.

Journal: Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.) (2021)
Publication types: Journal Article;Observational Study;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Analysis of the Face Mask Use by Public Transport Passengers and Workers during the COVID-19 Pandemic.

(1) background: the use of face masks and gloves in public places directly shows the commitment of the population to the established regulations.Public transport is one of the most-at-risk places of contamination.The aim of the study was to analyze the face mask use by public transport passengers and workers during the covid-19 pandemic.(2) methods: public transport passengers and workers were surveyed.Periodic intermittent selective observation was used to gauge the level of adherence to the established regulations among public transport passengers.Factor analysis was used to identify factors determining the face-mask-wearing comfort.(3) results: the majority of passengers (87.5%) and all transport workers (100%) used face masks and gloves.Most of the users wore only face masks.Only 41.6% of passengers and 74.7% of transport workers wore face masks correctly.Motivational attitudes at the implementation of preventive measures were determined: established regulations in the public place (55.8%) and the protection of one's own health and the health of family members (44.2%).Only 22.5% of those wearing face masks believed that doing so will have any effect on the spread of an infectious disease, and 10.8% wore masks to maintain the health of people around themselves.A low level of social responsibility was demonstrated.For 53.4% of workers, face mask wearing was uncomfortable.The majority of workers had adverse reactions to mask wearing: feeling short of breath (52.8%), hyperemia of face skin (33.8%), and facial hyperhidrosis (67.4%).(4) conclusions: the comfort of wearing a mask is determined by adverse reactions occurrence, the properties of the mask, working conditions, and the duration of wearing the face mask.It is necessary to develop recommendations to reduce wearing discomfort.These recommendations, along with methods of raising the social responsibility of the population, can contribute to a greater commitment of the population to non-specific prevention measures.

Journal: International journal of environmental research and public health (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Effect of DSS-Induced Ulcerative Colitis and Butyrate on the Cytochrome P450 2A5: Contribution of the Microbiome.

Several studies have indicated the beneficial anti-inflammatory effect of butyrate in inflammatory bowel disease (ibd) therapy implying attempts to increase butyrate production in the gut through orally administered dietary supplementation.Through the gut-liver axis, however, butyrate may reach directly the liver and influence the drug-metabolizing ability of hepatic enzymes, and, indirectly, also the outcome of applied pharmacotherapy.The focus of our study was on the liver microsomal cytochrome p450 (cyp) 2a5, which is a mouse orthologue of human cyp2a6 responsible for metabolism of metronidazole, an antibiotic used to treat ibd.Our findings revealed that specific pathogen-free (spf) and germ-free (gf) mice with dextran sulfate sodium (dss)-induced colitis varied markedly in enzyme activity of cyp2a and responded differently to butyrate pre-treatment.A significant decrease (to 50%) of the cyp2a activity was observed in spf mice with colitis; however, an administration of butyrate prior to dss reversed this inhibition effect.This phenomenon was not observed in gf mice.The results highlight an important role of gut microbiota in the regulation of cyp2a under inflammatory conditions.Due to the role of cyp2a in metronidazole metabolism, this phenomenon may have an impact on the ibd therapy.Butyrate administration, hence, brings promising therapeutic potential for improving symptoms of gut inflammation; however, possible interactions with drug metabolism need to be further studied.

Journal: International journal of molecular sciences (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
Ecology: Returning Caribbean Coral Reefs to Their Former Glory.

Once spectacular coral reefs have often become overrun by persistent seaweed.A new study reveals that elevating the density of herbivorous spider crabs to unnatural levels can reduce seaweed and help corals recover.

Journal: Current biology : CB (2021)
Publication types: Journal Article;Comment
Biomechanical comparison between various screw fixation angles for Latarjet procedure: a cadaveric biomechanical study.

The latarjet procedure is a reliable treatment for the management of anterior glenohumeral instability with glenoid bone loss.However, the biomechanical properties of different fixation angles between screw and glenoid surface (α angle) have rarely been studied.The aim of the study was to investigate and compare the fixation stability, failure load, and failure mechanism between different α angles for latarjet procedures, which were performed on cadaver specimens.Methods twenty-four shoulder specimens (8 in each of 3 groups) were dissected free of all soft tissue, and a 25% glenoid defect was created.The coracoid process was osteomized and fixed with 2 screws at 3 different α angles: 0° (group a), 15° (group b), and 30° (group c).Specimens were mounted to a testing apparatus, and cyclic loading (100 cycles at 1 hz) was applied with a staircase protocol (50, 100, 150, and 200 n).Gross graft displacement and interface displacement were measured.The ultimate failure loads and failure mechanisms were recorded.Results there was no significant difference in gross displacement under any cyclic load between 3 groups.However, a significant larger interface displacement was noted in group c than in group a in 150-n cyclic loading (p = .017).Under failure strength testing, all 24 specimens failed because of screw cutout from the glenoid, and the ultimate failure load was similar among the three groups.Conclusion compared with the 0° α angle, the displacement after cyclic loading did not significantly increase when the α angle was increased to 15° but significantly increased at 30° for latarjet procedures, which were performed on cadaver specimens.The results suggest that surgeons should apply the screws as parallel as possible to the glenoid surface when performing the latarjet procedure.Although mild deviation may not reduce fixation stability, α angles greater than 30° should be avoided.

Journal: Journal of shoulder and elbow surgery (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
Chemotherapy plus single/double immunotherapy in the treatment of non-oncogene addicted advanced non-small cell lung cancer: where do we stand and where are we going?

Introduction chemo-immunotherapy combinations have revolutionized our treatment algorithm with respect to naïve advanced nsclc; however, given the great number of developed and approved combinations, the question arises as to which combinations provide the best efficacy and safety.Areas covered this review assesses and discusses the available data concerning chemo-immunotherapy combinations in the treatment of naïve advanced nsclc, as well as presenting the most promising data involving combinations currently under investigation.Expert opinion pembrolizumab-containing chemo-immunotherapy combinations are associated with the most mature data available and presently represent the standard treatment in clinical practice in naïve advanced nsclc-affected patients.The nivolumab plus ipilimumab plus short-course chemotherapy combination, more recently approved by regulatory agencies, is an appealing alternative, thanks to the reduced rate of grade 3-5 traes and the limited chemotherapy administration.The new chemo-immunotherapy combinations currently under investigation will help us to better identify both the best immune checkpoints to target and the most effective combinations to administer.

Journal: Expert review of anticancer therapy (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article;Review
Numerical assessment of ultrasound supported coalescence of water droplets in crude oil.

In this study, a numerical assessment of the coalescence of binary water droplets in water-in-oil emulsion was conducted.The investigation addressed the effect of various parameters on the acoustic pressure and coalescence time of water droplets in oil phase.These include transducer material, initial droplet diameter (0.05-0.2 in), interfacial tension (0.012-0.082 n/m), dynamic viscosity (10.6-530 m pas), temperature (20-100 °c), us (ultra sound) frequency (26.04-43.53 k hz) and transducer power (2.5-40 w).The materials assessed are lead zirconate titanate (pzt), lithium niobate (li nb o3), zinc oxide (zn o), aluminum nitride (al n), polyvinylidene fluoride (pvdf), and barium titanate (ba ti o3).The numerical simulation of the binary droplet coalescence showed good agreement with experimental data in the literature.The us implementation at a fixed frequency produced enhanced coalescence (t = 5.9-8.5 ms) as compared to gravitational settling (t = 9.8 ms).At different ultrasound (us) frequencies and transducer materials, variation in the acoustic pressure distribution was observed.Possible attenuation of the us waves, and the subsequent inhibitive coalescence effect under various us frequencies and viscosities, were discussed.Moreover, the results showed that the coalescence time reduced across the range of interfacial tensions which was considered.This reduction can be attributed to the fact that lower interfacial tension produces emulsions which are relatively more stable.Hence, at lower interface tension between the water and crude oil, there was more resistance to the coalescence of the water droplets due to their improved emulsion stability.The increment of the weber number at higher droplet sizes leads to a delay in the recovery of the droplet to spherical forms after their starting deformation.These findings provide significant insights that could aid further developments in demulsification of crude oil emulsions under varying us and emulsion properties.

Journal: Ultrasonics sonochemistry (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
Psychopathy in a forensic sample - the factor structure of the PCL:SV in a Danish forensic sample.

The research literature reveals an ongoing debate regarding the most appropriate conceptualization of psychopathic personality disorder.Specifically, it is discussed to what degree antisocial behavior is part of the conceptualization of the psychopathy construct and what constitutes the best factor model of the psychopathy checklist scales.The aim of the present study is to consider the underlying factor structure of the pcl:sv (psychopathy checklist screening version) in a danish sample as well as considering the role of antisocial behavior in the psychopathy construct.Data from a danish forensic patient sample (n = 225) was used and item response theory (irt), aonfirmatory factor analyses (cfa) and structural equations model (sem) analyses were carried out.Overall, the findings suggest appropriate item and model fit for the pcl:sv as well as superiority of the three-factor model over the four-factor model.The results are discussed in relation to the broader concept of personality disorder as well as clinical practice in regards to violence risk assessments and treatment of psychopathy.

Journal: Scandinavian journal of psychology (2019)
Publication types: Journal Article
Cellular Interactions and Fatty Acid Transporter CD36-Mediated Uptake of Per- and Polyfluorinated Alkyl Substances (PFAS).

Per- and polyfluorinated alkyl substances (pfas) are a class of widely used compounds in an array of commercial and industrial applications.Due to their extensive use and chemical stability, pfas persist in the environment and bioaccumulate in humans and wildlife.Pfas exposure have been linked to several negative health effects, including the formation of various cancers, disruption of the endocrine system, and obesity.However, there is a major gap in understanding how structural differences in pfas impact their interactions within a biological system.In this study, we examined the toxicity of pfas with differences in chain length, head group, and degree of fluorination in human retinal epithelial cells.We focused on fluorotelomeric and fully fluorinated sulfonates and carboxylates and measured their uptake.Our results showed that sulfonates are taken up at higher levels as compared to their fluorotelomer and carboxylate counterparts.Furthermore, pfas with 8 and 10 carbons (c8 and c10) are taken up at a higher level compared to those with six carbons (c6).We also investigated the role of the fatty acid transporter cd36 in pfas uptake and found that increased cd36 levels result in higher levels of pfas in cells.Overall, our results suggest that the head group structure of pfas impacts toxicity, with sulfonates inducing a higher decrease in cell viability (∼50%) than carboxylates.Our results also link the activity of cd36 to pfas uptake into cells.

Journal: Chemical research in toxicology (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article;Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
Effects of an immersive psychosocial training program on depression and well-being: A randomized clinical trial.

Psychiatry stands to benefit from brief non-pharmacological treatments that effectively reduce depressive symptoms.To address this need, we conducted a single-blind randomized clinical trial assessing how a 6-day immersive psychosocial training program, followed by 10-min daily psychosocial exercises for 30 days, improves depressive symptoms.Forty-five adults were block-randomized by depression score to two arms: (a) the immersive psychosocial training program and 10-min daily exercise group (36 days total; total n = 23; depressed at baseline n = 14); or (b) a gratitude journaling control group (36 days total; total n = 22; depressed at baseline n = 13).The self-report phq-9 was used to assess depression levels in both groups at three time points: baseline, study week one, and study week six.Depression severity improved over time, with a significantly greater reduction in the psychosocial training program group (-82.7%) vs.The control group (-23%), p = 0.02 for baseline vs.Week six.The effect size for this reduction in depression symptoms was large for the intervention group (d = -1.3; 95% ci, -2.07, -0.45; p < 0.001) and small for the control group (d = -0.3; 95% ci, -0.68, 0.03; p = 0.22).Seventy-nine percent (11/14) of depressed participants in the intervention condition were in remission (phq-9 ≤ 4) by week one and 100% (14/14) were in remission at week six.Secondary measures of anxiety, stress, loneliness, and well-being also improved by 15-80% in the intervention group (vs.0-34% in the control group), ps < 0.05.Overall, this brief, immersive psychosocial training program rapidly and substantially improved depression levels and several related secondary outcomes, suggesting that immersive interventions may be useful for reducing depressive symptoms and enhancing well-being.

Journal: Journal of psychiatric research (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article;Randomized Controlled Trial;Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Gauging the donor strength of iron(0) complexesviatheir N-heterocyclic carbene gold(I) adducts.

We isolate and characterize the gold(i)-iron(0) adducts [(i pr2-bimy)au-fe(co)3(pme3)2][bar f4] and [au-{fe(co)3(pme3)2}2][bar f4] (i pr2-bimy = 1,3-diisopropylbenzimidazolin-2-ylidene, bar f4= tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate).Dft analysis reveals that the gold-iron interaction in [(i pr2-bimy)au-fe(co)3(pme3)2][bar f4] is predominantly a σ-donation from iron to gold.We further extend this class of compounds to include [(i pr2-bimy)au-fe(co)3(pr3)2][bar f4] (pr3= pph3, pcy3, pcy ph2, pme ph2, pme2ph, p(4-c6h4f)3) and [(i pr2-bimy)au-fe(co)4(pph3)][bar f4] and correlate thei pr2-bimy carbenic13c nmr signal with the relative donor strength of the iron(0) ligand.This approach allows for a fast and simple approach to gauge relative donor strength of fe(0) donors.

Journal: Chemical communications (Cambridge, England) (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
Emergent stenting after intravenous thrombolysis for isolated basilar artery dissection in a patient with acute ischemic stroke: a case report.

Isolated basilar artery dissection (ibad) is a rare but important cause of ischemic stroke.Anti-thrombotic therapy is often used to treat ibad-related ischemic stroke, but selected cases might need more aggressive treatment.There is no previous report of emergent stenting for ibad-related ischemic stroke after intravenous thrombolysis.Case presentation a 53-year-old japanese woman was admitted to our hospital with disturbance of consciousness, right hemiplegia, severe dysarthria, and total gaze paralysis.Brain magnetic resonance imaging revealed no ischemic lesion, but magnetic resonance angiography showed stenosis in the basilar artery.After initiation of intravenous thrombolysis, her neurological symptoms dramatically improved.Five hours later, however, her symptoms deteriorated again.Cerebral angiography showed ibad.Emergent stenting was successfully performed.At 90 days after stroke onset, she had no significant disability, with a modified rankin scale score of 1.Conclusions emergent stenting can be an effective treatment for patients with ibad-related ischemic stroke who are resistant to iv-rt pa.

Journal: Journal of medical case reports (2021)
Publication types: Case Reports;Journal Article
Predictors and Consequences of Sac Shrinkage after Endovascular Infrarenal Aortic Aneurysm Repair.

Aneurysm shrinkage has been proposed as a marker of successful endovascular aneurysm repair (evar).We evaluated the impact of sac shrinkage on secondary interventions, on survival and its association with endoleaks, and on compliance with instructions for use (ifu).methods:this observational retrospective study was conducted on all consecutive patients receiving evar for an infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm (aaa) using exclusively endurant ii/iis endograft from 2014 to 2018.Sixty patients were entered in the study.Aneurysm sac shrinkage was defined as decrease ≥5 mm of the maximum aortic diameter.Univariate methods and kaplan-meier plots assessed the potential impact of shrinkage.results:twenty-six patients (43.3%) experienced shrinkage at one year, and thirty-four (56.7%) had no shrinkage.Shrinkage was not significantly associated with any demographics or morbidity, except hypertension (p= 0.01).No aneurysm characteristics were associated with shrinkage.Non-compliance with instructions for use (ifu) in 13 patients (21.6%) was not associated with shrinkage.Three years after evar, freedom from secondary intervention was 85 ± 2% for the entire series, 92.3 ± 5.0% for the shrinkage group and 83.3 ± 9% for the no-shrinkage group (logrank:p= 0.49).Survival at 3 years was not significantly different between the two groups (85.9 ± 7.0% vs.79.0 ± 9.0%, logrank;p= 0.59).Strict compliance with ifu was associated with less reinterventions at 3 years (92.1 ± 5.9% vs.73.8 ± 15%, logrank:p= 0.03).Similarly, survival at 3 years did not significantly differ between strict compliance with ifu and non-compliance (81.8 ± 7.0% vs.78.6 ± 13.0%, logrank;p= 0.32).conclusion: this study suggests that shrinkage ≥5 mm at 1-year is not significantly associated with a better survival rate or a lower risk of secondary intervention than no-shrinkage.In this series, the risk of secondary intervention regardless of shrinkage seems to be linked more to non-compliance with ifu.Considering the small number of patients, these results must be confirmed by extensive prospective studies.

Journal: Journal of clinical medicine (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article