syedzayyan/paper_mill_benchmark huggingface dataset:
An impressive new species of mugadina from queensland with notes on a congeneric species (cicadidae: cicadettinae: cicadettini).

This contribution details the morphology, distribution, and song characteristics of a new grass cicada species within the genus mugadina moulds, 2012, previously represented by only two much smaller species.The new species is m.Superba sp.N.It occurs widely in central queensland, occurring in a broad curved zone between the western desert areas and the eastern coast.Details of the morphology and the ticking calling songs presented are given, and detailed comparisons are made of morphology and songs between m.Superba sp.N.And m.Marshalli (distant, 1911).

Journal: Zootaxa (2021)
Publication types: Journal Article
Effectiveness of Topical Ganciclovir 2% Monotherapy Versus Combined Steroid Therapy in Cytomegalovirus Endotheliitis.

We aimed to report the clinical manifestations of cytomegalovirus (cmv) corneal endotheliitis and the results of long-term treatment with topical ganciclovir 2% with and without steroids.This retrospective, interventional study included 15 eyes of 13 patients diagnosed with cmv corneal endotheliitis by positive cmv dna and treated with long-term topical ganciclovir 2% eye drops at a tertiary referral center and the median follow-up period was 17 months.Ocular manifestations included keratic precipitates (kps) (100%), elevated iop (93.3%), iritis (60%), corneal edema (60%), and moth-eaten iris atrophy (60%).After long-term treatment, corneal edema, iritis, and kps significantly decreased (effect size: 72%, 76% and 70%, respectively; p = 0.024, p = 0.006 and p < 0.001, respectively).Both the log mar acuity and iop significantly improved (median log mar was 0.52 before treatment and 0.22 after treatment; median iop was 42 mm hg before treatment and 12 mm hg after treatment; p = 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively).The ecd was maintained (effect size: 80%), and the percentage of hexagonal cell ratio of endothelial cells significantly improved after treatment (effect size: 82%; p = 0.035).Fewer anti-glaucoma medications were used in the non-steroid group (effect size: 79%; p = 0.034).Long-term maintenance treatment with topical ganciclovir 2% monotherapy not only provides effective therapy and reduces recurrence, but also decreases the high iop related to the combination of steroids used.

Journal: Journal of clinical medicine (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
Use of mathematics to guide target selection in systems pharmacology; application to receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) pathways.

A key element of the drug discovery process is target selection.Although the topic is subject to much discussion and experimental effort, there are no defined quantitative rules around optimal selection.Often 'rules of thumb', that have not been subject to rigorous exploration, are used.In this paper we explore the 'rule of thumb' notion that the molecule that initiates a pathway signal is the optimal target.Given the multi-factorial and complex nature of this question, we have simplified an example pathway to its logical minimum of two steps and used a mathematical model of this to explore the different options in the context of typical small and large molecule drugs.In this paper, we report the conclusions of our analysis and describe the analysis tool and methods used.These provide a platform to enable a more extensive enquiry into this important topic.

Journal: European journal of pharmaceutical sciences : official journal of the European Federation for Pharmaceutical Sciences (2017)
Publication types: Journal Article
Effectiveness and cost-effectiveness for the treatment of depressive symptoms in refugees and asylum seekers: A multi-centred randomized controlled trial.

Current evidence points towards a high prevalence of psychological distress in refugee populations, contrasting with a scarcity of resources and amplified by linguistic, institutional, financial, and cultural barriers.The objective of the study is to investigate the overall effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of a stepped care and collaborative model (sccm) at reducing depressive symptoms in refugees, compared with the overall routine care practices within germany's mental healthcare system (treatment-as-usual, tau).Methods a multicentre, clinician-blinded, randomised, controlled trial was conducted across seven university sites in germany.Asylum seekers and refugees with relevant depressive symptoms with a patient health questionnaires score of ≥ 5 and a refugee health screener score of ≥ 12.Participants were randomly allocated to one of two treatment arms (sccm or tau) for an intervention period of three months between april 2018 and march 2020.In the sccm, participants were allocated to interventions tailored to their symptom severity, including watchful waiting, peer-to-peer- or smartphone intervention, psychological group therapies or mental health expert treatment.The primary endpoint was defined as the change in depressive symptoms (patient health questionnaire-9, phq-9) after 12 weeks.The secondary outcome was the change in montgomery åsberg depression rating scale (madrs) from baseline to post-intervention.Findings the intention-to-treat sample included 584 participants who were randomized to the sccm (n= 294) or tau (n=290).Using a mixed-effects general linear model with time, and the interaction of time by randomisation group as fixed effects and study site as random effect, we found significant effects for time (p < .001) and time by group interaction (p < .05) for intention-to-treat and per-protocol analysis.Estimated marginal means of the phq-9 scores after 12 weeks were significantly lower in sccm than in tau (for intention-to-treat: phq-9 mean difference at t11.30, 95% ci 1.12 to 1.48, p < .001; cohen's d=.23; baseline-adjusted phq-9 mean difference at t10.57, 95% ci 0.40 to 0.74, p < .001).Cost-effectiveness and net monetary benefit analyses provided evidence of cost-effectiveness for the primary outcome and quality-adjusted life years.Robustness of results were confirmed by sensitivity analyses.Interpretation the sscm resulted in a more effective and cost-effective reduction of depressive symptoms compared with tau.Findings suggest a suitable model to provide mental health services in circumstances where resources are limited, particularly in the context of forced migration and pandemics.Funding this project is funded by the innovationsfond and german ministry of health [grant number 01vsf16061].The present trial is registered under clinical-trials.gov under the registration number: nct03109028.

Journal: The Lancet regional health. Europe (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
Mechanisms underlying protective effects of vitamin E against mycotoxin deoxynivalenol-induced oxidative stress and its related cytotoxicity in primary human brain endothelial cells.

Fusarium mycotoxins are one of the largest families of mycotoxins.Among these mycotoxins, deoxynivalenol is the most widespread pollutant of grains.However, the mechanism underlying the effect of deoxynivalenol on cytotoxicity in human brain endothelial cells was still unclear.This study examined whether deoxynivalenol induced oxidative stress-associated cytotoxicity in primary human brain endothelial cells (hbec-5i), and explored whether vitamin e (ve), a selective antioxidant, had protective effects on deoxynivalenol-treated cells.Deoxynivalenol (10-50 μm) concentration-dependently induced cytotoxicity in hbec-5i cells.Deoxynivalenol (ic50 = 20 μm) activated mitochondrial apoptotic pathway by modulating antioxidant protein expressions (nrf2, ho-1 and nqo1).More significantly, pre-treatment with ve (20 μm) attenuated the deoxynivalenol-induced cytotoxicity in this cell model.Together, ve significantly alleviated the apoptotic effects of deoxynivalenol in hbec-5i cells suggesting that it protected the cells against deoxynivalenol-induced oxidative damage.Our findings provided new insight that ve had the potential to ameliorate neurotoxicity of deoxynivalenol.

Journal: Environmental toxicology (2021)
Publication types: Journal Article
COVID-19 Prediction With Machine Learning Technique From Extracted Features of Photoplethysmogram Morphology.

At present, covid-19 is spreading widely around the world.It causes many health problems, namely, respiratory failure and acute respiratory distress syndrome.Wearable devices have gained popularity by allowing remote covid-19 detection, contact tracing, and monitoring.In this study, the correlation of photoplethysmogram (ppg) morphology between patients with covid-19 infection and healthy subjects was investigated.Then, machine learning was used to classify the extracted features between 43 cases and 43 control subjects.The ppg data were collected from 86 subjects based on inclusion and exclusion criteria.The systolic-onset amplitude was 3.72% higher for the case group.However, the time interval of systolic-systolic was 7.69% shorter in the case than in control subjects.In addition, 12 out of 20 features exhibited a significant difference.The top three features included dicrotic-systolic time interval, onset-dicrotic amplitude, and systolic-onset time interval.Nine features extracted by heatmap based on the correlation matrix were fed to discriminant analysis, k-nearest neighbor, decision tree, support vector machine, and artificial neural network (ann).The ann showed the best performance with 95.45% accuracy, 100% sensitivity, and 90.91% specificity by using six input features.In this study, a covid-19 prediction model was developed using multiple ppg features extracted using a low-cost pulse oximeter.

Journal: Frontiers in public health (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Effects of oxidation-based tea processing on the characteristics of the derived polysaccharide conjugates and their regulation of intestinal homeostasis in DSS-induced colitis mice.

Different cultivars and processing technologies involved in producing tea result in the high heterogeneity of derived polysaccharide conjugates, which limits the understanding of their composition and structure, and biological activity.Here, raw tea leaves from the same cultivar were used to produce dried fresh tea leaves, green tea, and black tea, and three polysaccharide conjugates derived from dried fresh tea leaves (ftps), green tea (gtps), and black tea (btps) were prepared accordingly.Their physiochemical characteristics and bioactivities were investigated.The results showed that the oxidation during tea processing increased the phenolics and proteins while decreasing the gal a in the derived tps conjugates; meanwhile, it reduced the molecular weight and particle size of btps but enhanced their antioxidant activity in vitro.Furthermore, all three tps conjugates improved intestinal homeostasis by reducing tj protein loss and inflammation and alleviated dss-induced colitis symptoms in mice.In addition, the three tps conjugates showed differential regulation of the intestinal microbiome and altered the produced scfas, which contributed to the prevention of colitis.Our findings suggest that tps conjugates could be applied in colitis prevention in association with the regulation of gut microbiota, and their efficacy could be optimized by employing suitable tea processing technologies.

Journal: International journal of biological macromolecules (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
Evaluation of the merit of the methanolic extract ofAndrographis paniculatato supplement anti-snake venom in reversing secondary hemostatic abnormalities inducedby Naja najavenom.

Increasing evidence suggests a sizable involvement of hemotoxins in the morbidity associated with envenomation by the indian spectacled cobra,naja naja(n.n).This study investigates the ability of indian polyvalent anti-snake venom (asv), methanolic extract of andrographis paniculata(map) and their combination in reversing the hemostatic abnormalities, viz.Activated partial thromboplastin time(a ptt), prothrombin time(pt) and thrombin time(tt) in citrated plasma.These parameters were assessed in 2 groups of experiments.Group 1: without the prior incubation of plasma with venom and group 2: with prior incubation of plasma with venom for 90 min at 37°c.Venom caused significant (p< 0.001) prolongation in a ptt (175%), pt (49%) and tt (34%) in group 1 and asv could completely bring them back to normal.Map showed a concentration-dependent reversal in a ptt, normalization of pt and prolongation of tt.When low concentration of asv was supplemented with map, their combined effect in normalizing a ptt and pt improved by 37% and 26% respectively when compared to asv alone.In group 2, venom caused significant (p< 0.001) prolongation in a ptt (231%), pt (312%) and tt (245%).Asv had limited effect in reversing a ptt (52%), tt (31%) but completely normalized pt.Map was marginally effective in reversing the prolonged a ptt and pt but caused further prolongation of tt.Combination of asv and map was more effective than asv alone in reversing venom-induced increase in a ptt (52%) and pt (29%).The study proved that, a drastic reduction of asv by 70%, could be effectively supplemented by map in combating hemostatic abnormalities induced by nn venom.

Journal: 3 Biotech (2021)
Publication types: Journal Article
Behavioural intentions in response to a potential menthol cigarette sales ban: a survey examining smokers in Washington, DC public housing.

S local, national and international policies are being proposed to ban the sale of menthol-flavoured tobacco products.With more bans being implemented, it is increasingly important to understand reactions to these bans among smokers of low socioeconomic status.This study examined public housing residents' behavioural intentions if menthol-flavoured cigarettes were no longer sold.Setting 15 district of columbia housing authority properties between march 2019 and march 2021.Participants 221 district of columbia housing authority residents ages 18-80 years who reported smoking menthol cigarettes (83.3% african-american/black).Primary and secondary outcomes cigarette quitting and switching intentions due to a hypothetical menthol-flavoured cigarette sales ban.Results nearly one-half (48.0%) of residents said they intended to quit cigarette use if menthol-flavoured products were no longer sold, while 27.2% were unsure if they would quit, and 24.9% reported they would not quit.Older residents (or 0.94 per year, 95% ci 0.91 to 0.97), senior/disabled building versus family building residents (or 0.50, 95% ci 0.25 to 0.97), those who smoked within 30 min of waking (or 0.48, 95% ci 0.23 to 0.98) and daily smokers (or 0.42, 95% ci 0.21 to 0.84) had lower odds of reporting quit intentions associated with a menthol ban.Of those not intending to quit, 40.7% reported they would switch to non-menthol cigarettes, 20.4% to another non-menthol product, 13.0% to menthol e-cigarettes and 20.4% to another menthol product.Conclusions results suggest banning the sale of menthol-flavoured products has the potential to impact cigarette smoking cessation.Nearly three-quarters of smokers in public housing indicated a possibility of quitting smoking because of a menthol cigarette ban.Bans that include all flavours in all tobacco products may be most effective for facilitating overall tobacco cessation.

Journal: BMJ open (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article;Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Emergency Medicine Residency Does Not Reduce a Racial Minority-Based Test Performance Gap.

Health care inequity is corrected more readily when safe, high-quality care is provided by physicians who reflect the gender, race, and ethnicity of patient communities.It is important to train and evaluate racially diverse physicians involved in residency training.Objective this study sought to determine any test-taking differences for black emergency medicine (em) residents and whether any such differences would narrow as residency progressed.Methods this was an observational, cross-sectional study that reviewed performance (scaled scores) on the american board of emergency medicine (abem) in-training examination (ite) for 2018, 2019, and 2020.The study included em residents in 3-year programs who took the ite.A linear regression model was used for the variables of race, which included black physicians and white physicians (reference group), and level of training (em resident year 1 [em1] as the reference group).Results there were 9591 residents included; 539 were black and 9052 were white.Mean scaled scores were higher as a function of training level.Regression showed a scaled score intercept of 73.51.The ite score increased for all groups as a function of training level (em2 β = +5.45, p < 0.0001; em3 β = +8.09, p < 0.0001).The regression coefficient for black residents was -5.87 (p < 0.0001).There was relative improvement by training level compared with improvement in the reference group, but this difference was not materially or statistically significant.Conclusion in this study of the abem ite, a test-taking performance gap identified early in residency for black physicians persisted into late residency.

Journal: The Journal of emergency medicine (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article;Observational Study;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Effects of Lithium Slag on the Frost Resistance of Cement-Soil.

In this study, the effect of lithium slag (ls) on the frost resistance of cement-soil was evaluated.The results of freeze−thaw damage on the surface of the cement-soil, freeze−thaw mass loss, unconfined compression strength, triaxial shear strength, cohesion, and internal friction angle were tested at various freeze−thaw cycles after 90 days of curing when ls was incorporated into the cement-soil at different proportions (0%, 6%, 12%, and 18%).Combining nuclear magnetic resonance (nmr) t2 distribution and scanning electron microscopy (sem) microscopic images, the mechanism of the effect of ls on the cement-soil was also analyzed.The experiment confirmed that the surface freeze−thaw damage degree and mass loss value of the cement-soil decreased after incorporating different ls contents, and that the unconfined compression strength, triaxial shear strength, cohesion, and internal friction angle also improved significantly compared with the specimens without ls.In this experiment, the optimization level of the cement-soil performance with different ls content was ranked as 12% > 18% > 6% > 0%.According to the nmr and sem analysis results, the ls content of 12% can optimize the internal pore structure of the cement-soil and strengthen the bond between aggregate particles, hence inhibiting the extension of freeze-swelling cracks induced by freeze−thaw cycles.In conclusion, ls can effectively enhance the frost resistance of cement-soil, and the optimum content in this experiment is 12%.

Journal: Materials (Basel, Switzerland) (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
Extracellular Vesicle-Mediated Bone Remodeling and Bone Metastasis: Implications in Prostate Cancer.

Bone metastasis is the tendency of certain primary tumors to spawn and dictate secondary neoplasia in the bone.The process of bone metastasis is regulated by the dynamic crosstalk between metastatic cancer cells, cellular components of the bone marrow microenvironment (osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and osteocytes), and the bone matrix.The feed-forward loop mechanisms governs the co-option of homeostatic bone remodeling by cancer cells in bone.Recent developments have highlighted the discovery of extracellular vesicles (evs) and their diverse roles in distant outgrowths.Several studies have implicated ev-mediated interactions between cancer cells and the bone microenvironment in synergistically promoting pathological skeletal metabolism in the metastatic site.Nevertheless, the potential role that evs serve in arbitrating intricate sequences of coordinated events within the bone microenvironment remains an emerging field.In this chapter, we review the role of cellular participants and molecular mechanisms in regulating normal bone physiology and explore the progress of current research into bone-derived evs in directly triggering and coordinating the processes of physiological bone remodeling.In view of the emerging role of evs in interorgan crosstalk, this review also highlights the multiple systemic pathophysiological processes orchestrated by the evs to direct organotropism in bone in prostate cancer.Given the deleterious consequences of bone metastasis and its clinical importance, in-depth knowledge of the multifarious role of evs in distant organ metastasis is expected to open new possibilities for prognostic evaluation and therapeutic intervention for advanced bone metastatic prostate cancer.

Journal: Sub-cellular biochemistry (2021)
Publication types: Journal Article;Review
A theory for the stabilization of polar crystal surfaces by a liquid environment.

Polar crystal surfaces play an important role in the functionality of many materials and have been studied extensively over many decades.In this article, a theoretical framework is presented that extends existing theories by placing the surrounding solution environment on an equal footing with the crystal itself; this is advantageous, e.g., when considering processes such as crystal growth from solution.By considering the polar crystal as a stack of parallel plate capacitors immersed in a solution environment, the equilibrium adsorbed surface charge density is derived by minimizing the free energy of the system.In analogy to the well-known diverging surface energy of a polar crystal surface at zero temperature, for a crystal in solution it is shown that the "polar catastrophe" manifests as a diverging free energy cost to perturb the system from equilibrium.Going further than existing theories, the present formulation predicts that fluctuations in the adsorbed surface charge density become increasingly suppressed with increasing crystal thickness.We also show how, in the slab geometry often employed in both theoretical and computational studies of interfaces, an electric displacement field emerges as an electrostatic boundary condition, the origins of which are rooted in the slab geometry itself, rather than the use of periodic boundary conditions.This aspect of the work provides a firmer theoretical basis for the recent observation that standard "slab corrections" fail to correctly describe, even qualitatively, polar crystal surfaces in solution.

Journal: The Journal of chemical physics (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
Neurofilament light as a predictive biomarker of unresolved chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy in subjects receiving paclitaxel and carboplatin.

Management of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (cipn) remains a significant challenge in the treatment of cancer.Risk mitigation for cipn involves preemptive reduction of cumulative dose or reduction of dose intensity upon emergence of symptoms, despite the risk of reduced tumor efficacy.A predictive biomarker for dose-limiting cipn could improve treatment outcomes by allowing providers to make informed decisions that balance both safety and efficacy.To identify a predictive biomarker of cipn, markers of neurodegeneration neurofilament-light (nf l), glial fibrillary acidic protein (gfap), tau and ubiquitin c-terminal hydrolase l1 (uchl1) were assessed in serum of up to 88 subjects drawn 21 days following the first of 6 treatments with chemotherapeutics paclitaxel and carboplatin.Serum nf l and gfap were increased with chemotherapy.Further, nf l change predicted subsequent onset of grade 2-3 cipn during the remainder of the trial (mean treatment duration = 200 days) and trended toward stronger prediction of cipn that remained unresolved at the end of the study.These results confirm previous reports that serum nf l is increased in cipn and provide the first evidence that nf l can be used to identify subjects susceptible to dose-limiting paclitaxel and carboplatin induced cipn prior to onset of symptoms.

Journal: Scientific reports (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article