syedzayyan/paper_mill_benchmark huggingface dataset:
What Happened in the Hippocampal Axon in a Rat Model of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder.

Studies from postmortem and animal models have revealed altered synapse morphology and function in the brain of posttraumatic stress disorder (ptsd).And the effects of ptsd on dendrites and spines have been reported, however, the effection on axon include microtubule (mt) and synaptic vesicles of presynaptic elements remains unknown.Hippocampus is involved in abnormal memory in ptsd.In the present study, we used the single prolonged stress (sps) model to mimic ptsd.Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (rt-q pcr) and high-throughput sequencing (gse153081) were utilized to analyze differentially expressed genes (degs) in the hippocampus of control and sps rats.Immunofluorescence and western blotting were performed to examine change in axon-related proteins.Synaptic function was evaluated by measuring miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents (m epscs).Rna-sequencing analysis revealed 230 significantly degs between the control and sps groups.Gene ontology analysis revealed upregulation in axonemal assembly, mt formation, or movement, but downregulation in axon initial segment and synaptic vesicles fusion in the hippocampus of sps rats.Increased expression in tau, β-tubulin map1b, kif9, ccdc40, dnah12 and decreased expression in p-tau, stathmin suggested sps induced axon extension.Increased protein expression in vamp, stx1a, munc18-1 and decreased expression in synaptotagmin-1 suggested sps induced more snare complex formation but decreased ability in synaptic vesicle fusion to presynaptic active zone membrane in the hippocampus of sps rats.Further, low m epsc frequency in sps rats indicated dysfunction in presynaptic membrane.These results suggest that axon extension and synaptic vesicles fusion abnormality are involved in dysfunction of ptsd.

Journal: Cellular and molecular neurobiology (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
Expansion of the dimensions in the current management of acute ischemic stroke.

Stroke is the fifth leading cause of death in the united states with a huge burden on health care.Acute ischemic stroke (ais) accounts for 87% of all stroke.The use of thrombolytic agents in ais treatment is well known since 1950 but no fda approval until 1996, due to lack of strong evidence showing benefits outweigh the risk of intracranial hemorrhage.The ninds trial led to the approval of intravenous tissue plasminogen activator treatment (iv recombinant t pa) within 3 h of stroke.Due to this limitation of 3-4.5 h.Window, evolution began in the development of effective endovascular therapy (evt).Multiple trials were unsuccessful in establishing the strong evidence for effectiveness of evt.In 2015, mr clean trial made progress and showed improved outcomes with evt in ais patients with large vessel occlusion (lvo), with 6-h window period.In 2018, two major trials-dawn and defuse 3-along with few other trials had shown improved outcomes with evt and stretched window period from 6 to 24 h.Aha stroke council is constantly working to provide focused guidelines and recommendations in ais management since 2013.Svin had started the initiative "mission thrombectomy-2020" to increase global evt utilization rate 202,000 procedures by 2020.Physicians are using safer and easier approach like brachial and radial approach for evt.Tele neurology and artificial intelligence also played a significant role in increasing the availability of iv recombinant t pa in ais treatment in remote hospitals and also in screening, triaging and identifying lvo patients for evt.In this review article, we aim to describe the history of stroke management along with the new technological advancements in ais treatment.

Journal: Journal of neurology (2021)
Publication types: Journal Article;Review
Clinicians' Views on the Need for Cultural Adaptation of Intervention for Children with ADHD from the Ultraorthodox Community.

Culture is a core context within occupational therapy, with a recent literature emphasizing the importance of cultural competence, as well as culturally sensitive assessment and intervention.The recent literature has indicated the efficacy of the cognitive-functional intervention (cog-fun) for children with adhd among the general israeli population, yet no studies to date have examined the necessity of cultural adaptations for minority groups.The current study examines the necessity of adapting the intervention protocol and process to the ultraorthodox (uo) population, as perceived by occupational therapists.The study included 28 occupational therapists certified to use the cog-fun intervention, who reported using this approach with uo children.Participants responded to an online questionnaire developed for this study, regarding characteristics of the uo population and necessary adaptions to the cog-fun intervention process and protocol.Findings were analyzed using descriptive statistics and qualitative content analysis.Results of the study point to the necessity of addressing various features of the uo community, including daily routines and habits, cultural values, knowledge regarding adhd, and accessibility of information.Participants also reported a need to adapt the graphic content of the intervention materials.The qualitative data expanded on the perceptions of the participants through four main themes: (a) knowledge regarding adhd diagnosis and intervention; (b) perceptions and attitudes regarding adhd diagnosis and medication; (c) factors affecting communication between the ot, parents, and teachers; and (d) adapting the intervention protocol to habits, routines, and lifestyle of uo families.This study has direct implications for therapists utilizing the cog-fun with uo children and may also provide insights relevant to occupational therapists using other treatment approaches with children from this culture, as well as other minority or traditional groups.Furthermore, this study may serve as an important addition to the limited literature describing cultural adaptations of evidence-based interventions.

Journal: Occupational therapy international (2021)
Publication types: Journal Article
Tangential Excision of Rhinophyma with the Disposable Razor Blade: Simple and Cost Efficient with Aesthetically Good Results.

Medical therapies for rhinophyma have been described but these only delay progression.Therefore, surgery is the method of choice.Plenty of modalities have been described including cold-knife surgery, electrosurgery, hydrosurgery, laser-assisted treatments, and dermabrasion.Settings and design in this two-center study, patients' charts and photodocumentation were analyzed retrospectively.Materials and methods surgery was performed under general anesthesia with an additional local anesthesia of the affected areas of the nose.We removed the hypertrophic tissue in thin layers with a sterile disposable razor blade under constant visual control of the underlying cartilage and adnexal structures.A dressing with mepithel and gauzes was applied.Patients presented weekly to monitor the wounds.Follow-up was 1 year.Results from 2016 to 2019, nine male patients with rhinophyma underwent surgical therapy at agaplesion markus hospital, frankfurt am main, germany and at the department of plastic, reconstructive and aesthetic surgery, innsbruck medical university, austria.The mean age of the patients was 66 years.Mean time to complete re-epithelization equaled 31.5 days.No recurrences were noted within the follow-up period of 1 year.Patients' satisfaction was very high.Only one patient had hypertrophic scars at the wing of the nose and another one developed a superficial fistula without connection to the nasal cavity.Conclusion to the best of our knowledge, this is the first case series describing the use of a disposable razor blade for rhinophyma treatment supporting its efficiency described in previous anecdotal publications.We can highly recommend the technique, as it is cost-efficient and simple and provides excellent aesthetic results.

Journal: Journal of cutaneous and aesthetic surgery (2021)
Publication types: Journal Article
Application of heart-cutting two-dimensional liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to the characterization of highly polar impurities in calcium gluconate injection.

The separation and characterization of small polar impurities in polar drugs such as calcium gluconate products are always challenging, due to their poor retention on traditional reversed phase (rp) columns.Although ion-pair reversed-phase liquid chromatography (iprp-lc) and hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (hilic) are commonly used methods for polar compound analysis, both methods have some drawbacks.For example, iprp-lc is incompatible with mass spectrometry (ms) due to the presence of non-volatile salts in its mobile phase and hilic has limited sensitivity due to the poor solubility of polar drugs in the organic-rich sample diluents used in hilic separations.In order to characterize the highly polar impurities in calcium gluconate injections, a heart-cutting two-dimensional liquid chromatography (2d-lc) method coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (q-tof/ms) was developed in this study.An iprp-lc method in the first dimension (1d) provided the selectivity for the separation of polar analytes, using a 100% aqueous mobile phase containing phosphate buffer and ion-pair reagent.Heart cuts of target peaks were collected with sample loops and transferred to the second dimension (2d) hilic column using an organic-rich mobile phase.In order to solve the mobile phase mismatch problem between the two dimensions, a make-up flow module was introduced in the 2d-lc system to dilute the1d-water-rich fractions with acetonitrile before entering the sample loops.By optimizing the loop size and dilution factor, good retention and peak shape of the highly polar impurities were obtained on the2d-hilic column, and the ion suppression effect for ms detection from the ion-pair reagent and non-volatile salt in the1d-effluent was minimized.A total of five impurities were identified through fragmentation studies by q-tof/ms analysis and their fragmentation pathways were proposed.Four of them were further confirmed by reference substances.This study not only provided useful information for quality control of calcium gluconate injections, but also provided an alternative method for polar impurity characterization in pharmaceuticals.

Journal: Journal of chromatography. A (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
Navigating biosafety concerns within COVID-19 do-it-yourself (DIY) science: an ethnographic and interview study.

Non-establishment or do-it-yourself (diy) science involves individuals who may not have formal training conducting experiments outside of institutional settings.While prior scholarship has examined the motivations and values of those involved in the subset of diy science known as "diy biology," little research has addressed how these individuals navigate ethical issues in practice.The present study therefore aimed to understand how diy biologists identify, approach, and resolve one particular ethical issue-biosafety-in their work.We conducted a digital ethnography of just one giant lab (jogl), the primary hub for diy biology during the covid-19 pandemic, and subsequently conducted interviews with individuals involved with jogl.We found that jogl was the first global diy biology initiative to create a biosafety advisory board and develop formal biosafety guidelines that applied to different groups in multiple locations.There was disagreement, however, regarding whether the board should have an advisory role or provide mandatory oversight.We found that jogl practiced ethical gatekeeping of projects that fell outside the limits defined by the board.Our findings show that the diy biology community recognized biosafety issues and tried to build infrastructure to facilitate the safe conduct of research.Supplementary information the online version contains supplementary material available at .

Journal: BioSocieties (2023)
Publication types: Journal Article
IL-36 Cytokines Promote Inflammation in the Lungs of Long-Term Smokers.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) is a progressive inflammatory lung disease with high morbidity and mortality.The il-36 family are proinflammatory cytokines that are known to shape innate immune responses, including those critical to bacterial pneumonia.The objective of this study was to determine whether il-36 cytokines promote a proinflammatory milieu in the lungs of long-term smokers with and without copd.Concentrations of il-36 cytokines were measured in plasma and bal fluid from subjects in a pilot study (n= 23) of long-term smokers with and without copdin vivoand from a variety of lung cells (from 3-5 donors) stimulated with bacteria or cigarette smoke componentsin vitro.Pulmonary macrophages were stimulated with il-36 cytokinesin vitro, and chemokine and cytokine production was assessed.Il-36α and il-36γ are produced to varying degrees in murine and human lung cells in response to bacterial stimuli and cigarette smoke componentsin vitro.Moreover, whereas il-36γ production is upregulated early after cigarette smoke stimulation and wanes over time, il-36α production requires a longer duration of exposure.Il-36α and il-36γ are enhanced systemically and locally in long-term smokers with and without copd, and local il-36α concentrations display a positive correlation with declining ventilatory lung function and increasing proinflammatory cytokine concentrations.in vitro, il-36α and il-36γ induce proinflammatory chemokines and cytokines in a concentration-dependent fashion that requires il-36r and my d88.Il-36 cytokine production is altered in long-term smokers with and without copd and contributes to shaping a proinflammatory milieu in the lungs.

Journal: American journal of respiratory cell and molecular biology (2021)
Publication types: Journal Article;Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Functionalized PAMAM-based Nanoformulation for Targeted Delivery of 5-Fluorouracil in Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

The efficacy of a traditional anticancer drug is challenged by adverse effects of the drug, including its nonspecific bio-distribution, short half-life, and side effects.Dendrimer-based targeted drug delivery system has been considered a promising strategy to increase targeting ability and reduce adverse effects of anti-cancer drugs.Objective this study analyzed the feasibility of whether the anticancer drug 5-fluorouracil (5-fu) could be delivered by functionalized fifth-poly(amidoamine) (pamam) with the peptide wp05 and the acetic anhydride to the liver cancer cells, reducing the toxicity of the pamam and improving the targeting property of 5-fu during delivery.Methods the functionalized pamam-based nanoformulation (wp05-g5.0nhac-fua) was fabricated through an amide condensation reaction to improve the therapeutic efficacy of 5-fluorouracil (5-fu) in hepatocellular carcinoma (hcc).The physicochemical structure, particle size, zeta potential, stability, and in vitro release characteristics of wp05-g5.0nhac-fua were evaluated.In addition, the targeting, biocompatibility, anti-proliferation, and anti-migration of wp05-g5.0nhac-fua were investigated.The anti-tumor effect of wp05-g5.0nhac-fua in vivo was evaluated by constructing xenograft tumor models of human hepatoma cells (bel-7402) implanted in nude mice.Results the resultant wp05-g5.0nhac-fua displayed spherical-like nanoparticles with a size of 174.20 ± 3.59 nm.Zeta potential and the drug loading of wp05-g5.0nhac-fua were 5.62 ± 0.41m v and 28.67 ± 1.25%, respectively.Notably, the optimized 5-fu-loaded formulation showed greater cytotoxicity with an ic50of 30.80 ± 4.04 μg/m l than free 5-fu (114.93 ± 1.43 μg/m l) in bel-7402 cancer liver cells, but a significantly reduced side effect relative to free 5-fu in l02 normal liver cells.In vivo animal study further confirmed efficient tumor accumulation and enhanced therapeutic efficiency.Conclusion the developed nanoformulation is a promising platform for the targeting delivery of 5-fu and provides a promising solution for improving the efficacy of hepatocellular carcinoma chemotherapy.

Journal: Current pharmaceutical design (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Prevalence of Anatomical Variations in Patients with Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Undergoing Classical Open Carpal Tunnel Release.

To evaluate the prevalence of anatomical variations encountered in patients with carpal tunnel syndrome who underwent carpal tunnel classical open release.methods a total of 115 patients with a high probability of clinical diagnosis for carpal tunnel syndrome and indication for surgical treatment were included.These patients underwent electroneuromyography and ultrasound for diagnostic confirmation.They underwent surgical treatment by carpal tunnel classical open release, in which a complete inventory of the surgical wound was performed in the search and visualization of anatomical variations intra- and extra-carpal tunnel.results the total prevalence of anatomical variations intra- and extra-carpal tunnel found in this study was 63.5% (95% confidence interval [ci]: 54.5-72.4).The prevalence of the carpal transverse muscle was 57.4% (95% ci: 47.8-66.6%), of the bifid median nerve associated with the persistent median artery was 1.7% (95% ci: 0.0-4.2%), and the median bifid nerve associated with the persistent median artery and the transverse carpal muscle was 1.7% (95% ci: 0.0-4.2%).conclusion the most prevalent extra-carpal tunnel anatomical variation was carpal transverse muscle.The most prevalent intra-carpal tunnel anatomical variation was median bifid nerve associated with the persistent median artery.The surgical finding of an extra-carpal tunnel anatomical variation, such as the transverse carpal muscle, may indicate the presence of other associated carpal intra tunnel anatomical variations, such as the bifid median nerve, persistent median artery, and anatomical variations of the recurrent median nerve branch.

Journal: Revista brasileira de ortopedia (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
Beyond Bioisosteres: Divergent Synthesis of Azabicyclohexanes and Cyclobutenyl Amines from Bicyclobutanes.

The development of two divergent and complementary lewis acid catalyzed additions of bicyclobutanes to imines is described.Microscale high-throughput experimentation was integral to the discovery and optimization of both reactions.N-arylimines undergo formal (3+2) cycloaddition with bicyclobutanes to yield azabicyclo[2.1.1]hexanes in a single step; in contrast, n-alkylimines undergo an addition/elimination sequence to generate cyclobutenyl methanamine products with high diastereoselectivity.These new products contain a variety of synthetic handles for further elaboration, including many functional groups relevant to pharmaceutical synthesis.The divergent reactivity observed is attributed to differences in basicity and nucleophilicity of the nitrogen atom in a common carbocation intermediate, leading to either nucleophilic attack (n-aryl) or e1 elimination (n-alkyl).

Journal: Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English) (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
CT metal artifacts in patients with total hip replacements: for artifact reduction monoenergetic reconstructions and post-processing algorithms are both efficient but not similar.

S this study compares metal artifact (ma) reduction in imaging of total hip replacements (thr) using virtual monoenergetic images (vmi), for ma-reduction-specialized reconstructions (mar) and conventional ct images (ci) from detector-based dual-energy computed tomography (sdct).Methods twenty-seven sdct-datasets of patients carrying thr were included.Ci, mar and vmi with different energy-levels (60-200 ke v) were reconstructed from the same scans.Ma width was measured.Attenuation (hu), noise (sd) and contrast-to-noise ratio (cnr) were determined in: extinction artifact, adjacent bone, muscle and bladder.Two radiologists assessed ma-reduction and image quality visually.Results in comparison to ci, vmi (200 ke v) and mar showed a strong artifact reduction (ma width: ci 29.9±6.8 mm, vmi 17.6±13.6 mm, p<0.001; mar 16.5±14.9 mm, p<0.001; ma density: ci -412.1±204.5 hu, vmi -279.7±283.7 hu; p<0.01; mar -116.74±105.6 hu, p<0.001).In strong artifacts reduction was superior by mar.In moderate artifacts vmi was more effective.Mar showed best noise reduction and cnr in bladder and muscle (p<0.05), whereas vmi were superior for depiction of bone (p<0.05).Visual assessment confirmed that vmi and mar improve artifact reduction and image quality (p<0.001).Conclusions mar and vmi (200 ke v) yielded significant ma reduction.Each showed distinct advantages both regarding effectiveness of artifact reduction, mar regarding assessment of soft tissue and vmi regarding assessment of bone.Key points • spectral-detector computed tomography improves assessment of total hip replacements and surrounding tissue.• virtual monoenergetic images and mar reduce metal artifacts and enhance image quality.• evaluation of bone, muscle and pelvic organs can be improved by sdct.

Journal: European radiology (2018)
Publication types: Journal Article
Novel Cofacial Porphyrin-Based Homo- and Heterotrimetallic Complexes of Transition Metals.

We present a straightforward and generally applicable synthesis route for cofacially linked homo- and heterotrimetallic trisporphyin complexes.The protocol encompasses synthesising the first aryl-based, trans-o-phenylene trisporphyrin starting from pyrrole and benzaldehyde with an overall yield of 3.6 %.It also allows investigating the respective cis-isomer as the first conformationally restricted planar-chiral trisporphyrin.The free-base ligand was used in subsequent metalation reactions to afford the corresponding homotrimetallic mn(iii)-, fe(iii)-, ni(ii)-, cu(ii)-, zn(ii)- and pd(ii) complexes - additionally, a small adaptation of the protocol resulted in the defined ni(ii)fe(iii)ni(ii) complex in a total yield of 2.3 %.By monitoring ni(ii) insertion into the empty trimeric ligands, we affirmed that the outer porphyrin rings are filled before the internal ring.The molecular species were characterised by1h nmr, uv-vis, photoluminescence, ir, ms, cid, and high-resolution ims measurements.

Journal: Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) (2021)
Publication types: Journal Article