syedzayyan/paper_mill_benchmark huggingface dataset:
The impact of the responsibility of teachers regarding reproductive healthcare to teenage learners.

The life orientation subject at school is meant to equip learners with important life skills and prepare them to be responsible adults that will contribute positively to the economy of the country.One of such skills is to avoid pregnancy while being a learner and therefore needs information about sex and sexuality.The school curriculum should thus include the subject reproductive health care and the teachers be allowed the responsibility to teach the subject.Teenage girls who become pregnant as learners are in many times compelled to drop out of school to raise the child as it becomes challenging to cope with studies and looking after the baby.The study used a qualitative exploratory research design aimed to determine the impact of the responsibility of teachers regarding reproductive healthcare to teenage learners.The objectives were to, explore the knowledge of school teachers with regard to reproductive healthcare.To explore and describe the views of the teachers with regard to their responsibility to teach the reproductive healthcare topic to teenage girls.Lastly, to develop guidelines for schools to assist teachers regarding their responsibility to teach the reproductive healthcare topic to teenage girls.The article will report on the first two objectives only.In-depth focus group interviews were conducted with twenty willing participants and a narrative questionnaire was completed.The data analysis method used was the spiral method which follows the process of coding and categorising transcribed data.The process allows data to be organised and setting it for several times so as to get a sense of the whole.Identifying general categories and themes of the data is the next step followed by integrating and summarising the data to get a response to the research question.Data analysis results were teachers who felt burdened with the responsibility.Some had a positive opinion of the subject as part of the school curriculum and thus the need for stakeholder collaboration for their assistance.In conclusion, teachers are in need of empowerment for the responsibility to teach reproductive healthcare.

Journal: African journal of reproductive health (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
On the formalism of the screening paradox.

Bayes' theorem imposes inevitable limitations on the accuracy of screening tests by tying the test's predictive value to the disease prevalence.The aforementioned limitation is independent of the adequacy and make-up of the test and thus implies inherent bayesian limitations to the screening process itself.As per the who's wilson - jungner criteria, one of the prerequisite steps before undertaking screening is to ensure that a treatment for the condition screened for exists.However, when applying screening programs in closed systems, a paradox, henceforth termed the "screening paradox", ensues.If a disease process is screened for and subsequently treated, its prevalence would drop in the population, which as per bayes' theorem, would make the tests' predictive value drop in return.Put another way, a very powerful screening test would, by performing and succeeding at the very task it was developed to do, paradoxically reduce its ability to correctly identify individuals with the disease it screens for in the future-over some time t.In this manuscript, we explore the mathematical model which formalizes said screening paradox and explore its implications for population level screening programs.In particular, we define the number of positive test iterations (pti) needed to reverse the effects of the paradox.Given their theoretical nature, clinical application of the concepts herein reported need validation prior to implementation.Meanwhile, an understanding of how the dynamics of prevalence can affect the ppv over time can help inform clinicians as to the reliability of a screening test's results.

Journal: PloS one (2021)
Publication types: Journal Article
The Ash2l SDI Domain Is Required to Maintain the Stability and Binding of DPY30.

Ash2l and dpy30 are important for the assembly and catalytic activity of the complex associated with set1 (compass), which catalyzes histone methylation and regulates gene expression.However, the regulations among compass components are not fully understood.Here, we leveraged a mouse model and cell lines to observe the outcome of ash2l depletion and found a significant decrease in dpy30.Analyzing ash2l ch ip-seq and rna-seq data excluded transcriptional and translational regulation of ash2l to dpy30.The decrease in dpy30 was further attributed to the degradation via the ubiquitin-mediated proteasomal pathway.We also verified that three amino acids in the ash2l sdc1 dpy30 interaction (sdi) domain are essential for the recognition and binding of dpy30.Lastly, we unexpectedly observed that overexpression of dpy30 in ash2l-depleted cells rescued the decrease in ccnd1 and the abnormal cell cycle, which indicates that dpy30 can participate in other complexes to regulate gene expression.Overall, our results, for the first time, reveal that the existence of dpy30 relies on the binding with ash2l, with degradation of dpy30 via the ubiquitin-proteasome system, and they further indicate that the function of dpy30 can be independent of ash2l.

Journal: Cells (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Epigenomic features revealed by ATAC-seq impact transgene expression in CHO cells.

Different regions of a mammalian genome have different accessibilities to transcriptional machinery.The integration site of a transgene affects how actively it is transcribed.Highly accessible genomic regions called super-enhancers have been recently described as strong regulatory elements that shape cell identity.Super-enhancers have been identified in chinese hamster ovary (cho) cells using the assay for transposase-accessible chromatin sequencing (atac-seq).Genes near super-enhancer regions had high transcript levels and were enriched for oncogenic signaling and proliferation functions, consistent with an immortalized phenotype.Inaccessible regions in the genome with low atac signal also had low transcriptional activity.Genes in inaccessible regions were enriched for remote tissue functions such as taste, smell, and neuronal activation.A lentiviral reporter integration assay showed integration into super-enhancer regions conferred higher reporter expression than insertion into inaccessible regions.Targeted integration of an ig g vector into the plec super-enhancer region yielded clones that expressed the immunoglobulin light chain gene mostly in the top 20% of all transcripts with the majority in the top 5%.The results suggest the epigenomic landscape of cho cells can guide the selection of integration sites in the development of cell lines for therapeutic protein production.

Journal: Biotechnology and bioengineering (2021)
Publication types: Journal Article
Dysphagia as a Rare Presentation of Cervical Cancer with Mediastinal Metastasis.

Dysphagia has a broad aetiology and so it is essential to identify the precise cause.Cervical cancer metastasis is distinctive in that it usually involves local lymph node invasion; however, approximately 1% of cases have mediastinal involvement, which can cause severe compressive symptoms in rare situations.To highlight an uncommon severe manifestation of cervical cancer relapse, we describe a case of dysphagia in a woman with a history of cervical cancer.After a thorough investigation that included endoscopy, endoscopy with ultrasound, an oesophagogram and fine needle aspiration, we eventually reached the diagnosis of mediastinal metastatic cervical cancer.Following interventions, the patient's condition gradually improved, both clinically and radiographically.Learning points mediastinal lymph node enlargement causing dysphagia can be a presenting sign of a metastatic lesion from treated cervical cancer.a peg tube is helpful in relieving dysphagia caused by metastatic mediastinal lymph node enlargement and as bridge for nutrition during chemotherapy.the vegf inhibitor bevacizumab can be used in advanced metastatic cervical cancer.check-point inhibitors like pembrolizumab can be used in metastatic cervical cancer.

Journal: European journal of case reports in internal medicine (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
Post-operative Analgesic and Opioid-sparing Effect of a Single-dose Pre-operative Oral Pregabalin in Gynaecological Surgeries.

Post-operative pain treatment is a major challenge in our environment.Opioids may cause respiratory depression post-operatively.Therefore, any combination of opioid and non-opioid analgesics that provides quality post-operative pain control and reduces opioid consumption with its attendant side effects will be highly desirable.Objectives the aim of this article is to evaluate analgesic benefits and opioid-sparing effects of pre-operative oral pregabalin in patients who undergo abdominal gynaecological surgeries.Materials and methods a prospective randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study is carried out at university of ilorin teaching hospital, kwara state, nigeria.Eighty-two patients scheduled for gynaecological surgeries were randomized into two equal groups.The patients in the control and study groups received a placebo drug and oral pregabalin 150 mg, respectively, 1 h before induction of general anaesthesia.Post-operative pain intensity using a five-point verbal rating scale, time to first request for analgesia, and 24 h post-operative pethidine consumptions were assessed.Mean values were compared using student'st-test.Categorical data were compared with theχ2test.Level of significance was set at 5% (0.05) and power of the study was 80%.Results demographic characteristics were comparable between the two groups.The median pain score was 0-2 (no pain-moderate pain) throughout the study.Post-operative static and dynamic pain scores at 1, 4, and 12 h were significantly higher in the placebo group (<0.001).Twenty-four hours post-operatively, there were no significant differences in static and dynamic pain scores between the two groups (p=0.131 and p=0.384, respectively).Time to first analgesic requirement and total pethidine consumed within 24 h post-operative were 47 ± 19 vs.258 ± 137 min (p=0.001) and 326.19 ± 62.70 vs.192.86 ± 55.84 mg (p=0.001) in the control and study groups, respectively.The pre-operative use of pregabalin reduced post-operative opioid requirement by 40.9% in the study group.Nausea and vomiting were more common in the placebo group, whereas dizziness, blurring of vision, and sedation were more common in the pregabalin group.Conclusion a single pre-operative dose of 150 mg oral pregabalin had significantly greater analgesic effects compared with placebo and reduced post-operative opioid requirements in patients undergoing myomectomy or total abdominal hysterectomy.It should be considered an adjuvant in multimodal pain management regimens following gynaecological surgeries.

Journal: Journal of the West African College of Surgeons (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
Transforming L1000 profiles to RNA-seq-like profiles with deep learning.

The l1000 technology, a cost-effective high-throughput transcriptomics technology, has been applied to profile a collection of human cell lines for their gene expression response to > 30,000 chemical and genetic perturbations.In total, there are currently over 3 million available l1000 profiles.Such a dataset is invaluable for the discovery of drug and target candidates and for inferring mechanisms of action for small molecules.The l1000 assay only measures the m rna expression of 978 landmark genes while 11,350 additional genes are computationally reliably inferred.The lack of full genome coverage limits knowledge discovery for half of the human protein coding genes, and the potential for integration with other transcriptomics profiling data.Here we present a deep learning two-step model that transforms l1000 profiles to rna-seq-like profiles.The input to the model are the measured 978 landmark genes while the output is a vector of 23,614 rna-seq-like gene expression profiles.The model first transforms the landmark genes into rna-seq-like 978 gene profiles using a modified cycle gan model applied to unpaired data.The transformed 978 rna-seq-like landmark genes are then extrapolated into the full genome space with a fully connected neural network model.The two-step model achieves 0.914 pearson's correlation coefficients and 1.167 root mean square errors when tested on a published paired l1000/rna-seq dataset produced by the lincs and gtex programs.The processed rna-seq-like profiles are made available for download, signature search, and gene centric reverse search with unique case studies.

Journal: BMC bioinformatics (2022)
Publication types: Case Reports;Journal Article
Effectiveness of Care for Child Development Program on the Sensitivity and Responsiveness Skills of Mothers.

S the present study was done to analyze the impact of the "care for child development" program on the sensitivity and responsiveness skills among mothers of children at risk of developmental delay.Materials & methods this study was a quasi-experimental research with a pretest-posttest design and experimental and control groups.The statistical population included all mothers with children at risk of developmental delay in tabriz.Fifty mothers were selected through purposive sampling.Then, they were divided into two groups of 25 cases (one experimental group and one control group) using simple random sampling.The experimental group received training about the "care for child development" program, while the control group received no training.The social-emotional assessment/evaluation measure family profile (seam tm family profile) and maternal caregiving quality scale were the research measurement tools.The obtained data were evaluated by analysis of covariance (ancova) and independent t-test using spss software version 20.Results there was a significant difference between the experimental and control groups in maternal caregiving quality and responsiveness, provision of appropriate activities, predictable programs, and provision of play environment and safe home (p <0.05).Conclusion the results showed that the care for child development program has positive effects on sensitivity and responsiveness skills of mothers of children at risk of developmental delays and can be considered and applied as a practical plan in national health policies.

Journal: Iranian journal of child neurology (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
Uncovering the Burden of Dengue in Africa: Considerations on Magnitude, Misdiagnosis, and Ancestry.

Dengue is a re-emerging neglected disease of major public health importance.This review highlights important considerations for dengue disease in africa, including epidemiology and underestimation of disease burden in african countries, issues with malaria misdiagnosis and co-infections, and potential evidence of genetic protection from severe dengue disease in populations of african descent.The findings indicate that dengue virus prevalence in african countries and populations may be more widespread than reported data suggests, and that the aedesmosquito vectors appear to be increasing in dissemination and number.Changes in climate, population, and plastic pollution are expected to worsen the dengue situation in africa.Dengue misdiagnosis is also a problem in africa, especially due to the typical non-specific clinical presentation of dengue leading to misdiagnosis as malaria.Finally, research suggests that a protective genetic component against severe dengue exists in african descent populations, but further studies should be conducted to strengthen this association in various populations, taking into consideration socioeconomic factors that may contribute to these findings.The main takeaway is that africa should not be overlooked when it comes to dengue, and more attention and resources should be devoted to this disease in africa.

Journal: Viruses (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article;Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural;Review
Safe Use of Acoustic Vestibular-Evoked Myogenic Potential Stimuli: Protocol and Patient-Specific Considerations.

Vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials (vemps) are commonly used clinical assessments for patients with complaints of dizziness.However, relatively high air-conducted stimuli are required to elicit the vemp, and ultimately may compromise safe noise exposure limits.Recently, research has reported the potential for noise-induced hearing loss (nihl) from vemp stimulus exposure through studies of reduced otoacoustic emission levels after vemp testing, as well as a recent case study showing permanent sensorineural hearing loss associated with vemp exposure.Purpose the purpose of this report is to review the potential for hazardous noise exposure from vemp stimuli and to suggest clinical parameters for safe vemp testing.Research design literature review with presentation of clinical guidelines and a clinical tool for estimating noise exposure.Results the literature surrounding vemp stimulus-induced hearing loss is reviewed, including several cases of overexposure.The article then presents a clinical calculation tool for the estimation of a patient's safe noise exposure from vemp stimuli, considering stimulus parameters, and includes a discussion of how varying stimulus parameters affect a patient's noise exposure.Finally, recommendations are provided for recognizing and managing specific patient populations who may be at higher risk for nihl from vemp stimulus exposure.A sample protocol is provided that allows for safe noise exposure.Conclusions vemp stimuli have the potential to cause nihl due to high sound exposure levels.However, with proper safety protocols in place, clinicians may reduce or eliminate this risk to their patients.Use of the tools provided, including the noise exposure calculation tool and sample protocols, may help clinicians to understand and ensure safe use of vemp stimuli.

Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Audiology (2017)
Publication types: Journal Article;Review
A real world analysis of first line treatment of advanced EGFR mutated non-small cell lung cancer: A multi-center, retrospective study.

Introduction the recently published flaura trial demonstrated that osimertinib has remarkable efficacy in front-line setting for non-small cell lung cancer (nsclc).While this has transformed current practice, there are no effective treatments following progression on osimertinib.The aim of our study was to compare progression-free survival (pfs) and overall survival (os) between patients initiated on osimertinib to those started on other egfrtkis.Methods this was a multicenter, retrospective study conducted at two large academic centers.Adult patients with egfr-mutated non-small cell lung cancer (nsclc) who received egfrtherapy between 2014 and 2019 were included.Patients were dichotomized based on front-line tki (osimertinib vs.Other).Pfs, os, and time-to-discontinuation were evaluated.Results one-hundred seventy-two patients were included in the final analysis.Fifty-two (30.2%) patients received osimertinib and 120 (69.8%) patients received another egfrtki.The pfs rates at 6, 12, and 18 months were 86.3%, 79.5%, 69.8% in the osimertinib group and 86.6%, 64.2%, 39.3% in the other egfrtki group, respectively (p < 0.0036).estimated os at 6, 12, and 18 months was similar for both groups: 94.2%, 94.2%, 80.2% and 95.7%, 93.9%, 84.1%, respectively [adjusted hr = 0.95 (95% ci, 0.37-2.44; p < 0.9128].Conclusion osimertinib demonstrated greater 12 and 18 month pfs compared to other egfrtkis.This finding is consistent with results of the flaura trial.However, unlike flaura, there were no differences in estimated os between the two groups in our study.Further research to evaluate optimal sequencing strategies in the real world of first, second and third generation tkis is needed.

Journal: Journal of oncology pharmacy practice : official publication of the International Society of Oncology Pharmacy Practitioners (2022)
Publication types: Multicenter Study;Journal Article
Selective divergent radical cyclization of 1,6-dienes with alkyl nitriles.

An efficient, selective, and step economical radical cyclization of 1,6-dienes with alkyl nitriles initiated by α-c(sp3)-h functionalization under the sc(otf)3and ag2co3system is described here.The selective divergent cyclization relies on the substitution effect at the α-position of the acrylamide moiety and nitriles, which is terminated by hydrogen abstraction, direct cyclization with the aryl ring, or further cyclization with the cn bond and hydrolysis, respectively.

Journal: Organic & biomolecular chemistry (2021)
Publication types: Journal Article;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Benefit-risk assessment of COVID-19 vaccine, mRNA (Comirnaty) for age 16-29 years.

Since authorization of the pfizer-bio ntech covid-19 vaccine, m rna (comirnaty), real-world evidence has indicated the vaccines are effective in preventing covid-19 cases and related hospitalizations and deaths.However, increased cases of myocarditis/pericarditis have been reported in the united states associated with vaccination, particularly in adolescents and young adults.Fda conducted a benefit-risk assessment to determine whether the benefits of vaccination outweigh the risks among various age (16-17, 18-24, 25-29) and sex (m/f) subgroups being considered for approved use of the vaccine.We conducted a simulation study with sensitivity analysis of the benefits and risks of the vaccine across possible pandemic scenarios.The model results show benefits outweigh the risks for all scenarios including the high-risk subgroup, males 16-17 years old.Our worst-case scenario used sex and age subgroup-specific incidences for covid-19 cases (47-98 per million per day) and hospitalizations (1-4 per million per day) which are the us covid-19 incidences as of july 10, 2021, vaccine efficacy of 70% against covid-19 cases and 80% against hospitalization, and unlikely, pessimistic, non-zero vaccine-attributable myocarditis death rate.For males 16-17 years old, the model predicts prevented covid cases, hospitalizations, icus, and deaths of 13577, 127, 41, and 1, respectively; while the predicted ranges for excess myocarditis/pericarditis cases, hospitalizations, and deaths attributable to the vaccine are [98-196], [98-196], and 0, respectively, for the worst-case scenario.Considering the different clinical implications of hospitalization due to covid-19 infection versus vaccine-attributable myocarditis/pericarditis cases, we determine the benefits still outweigh the risks even for this high-risk subgroup.Our results demonstrate that the benefits of the vaccine outweigh its risks for all age and sex subgroups we analyze in this study.Uncertainties exist in this assessment as both benefits and risks of vaccination may change with the continuing evolution of the pandemic.

Journal: Vaccine (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article