syedzayyan/paper_mill_benchmark huggingface dataset:
Change in distress about police brutality and substance use among young people, 2017-2020.

It is unknown whether increasing attention to police brutality is a source of stress associated with substance use risk among young people.Methods a longitudinal racially/ethnically diverse cohort from los angeles, california (n = 1797) completed baseline (2017; mean age: 17.9) and follow-up (2020; mean age: 21.2) surveys assessing level of concern, worry, and stress about police brutality (range: 0 'not at all' - 4 'extremely') and past 30-day nicotine, cannabis, alcohol, other drug, and number of substances used (0-19).Regression models, adjusted for demographic characteristics and baseline substance use, evaluated whether changes in distress about police brutality from 2017 to 2020 were associated with substance use in 2020 overall and stratified by race/ethnicity.Results distress about police brutality increased between 2017 (mean: 1.59) and 2020 (mean: 2.43) overall.Black/african american and hispanic/latino respondents consistently had the highest mean distress levels at both timepoints.In the full sample, each one-unit greater increase in distress about police brutality from 2017 to 2020 was associated with 11% higher odds of cannabis use, 13% higher odds of alcohol use, and 8% higher risk of using an additional substance for the number of substances used outcome.Race/ethnicity-stratified models indicated that greater increases in distress from 2017 to 2020 was associated with substance use among black/african american, hispanic, and multiracial respondents in 2020, but not asian american/pacific islander and white respondents.Conclusions distress about police brutality may be associated with substance use, particularly among certain racial/ethnic minority young people.Further investigation of whether police brutality affects health in disparity populations is needed.

Journal: Drug and alcohol dependence (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article;Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
The Clinical Significance of Dickkopf Wnt Signaling Pathway Inhibitor Gene Family in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

Dickkopf wnt signaling pathway inhibitor (dkk) gene family, which is known to inhibit the wnt regulation process, is widely found in cancers.However, the roles and functions of specific family members in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (hnscc) are still unclear.Material and methods online bioinformatics tools (oncomine, ualcan, kaplan-meier plotter, gepia, metascape, and string) were used to analyze the relationships between distinct dkks and hnscc.The transcriptome expression, clinical association, functions, pathways, and protein-protein interaction networks of dkks in hnscc were explored.Results the m rna expression of dkk1, dkk3, and dickkopf-like acrosomal protein 1 (dkkl1) in hnscc was significantly higher than in normal tissues, while that of dkk4 was lower.The m rna expression of dkk1, dkk3, and dkkl1 was elevated in higher-grade hnscc.The m rna expression of dkk1 and dkk3 was elevated in human papillomavirus (hpv)-negative hnscc, while dkkl1 had a higher m rna expression in hpv-positive hnscc.In addition, dkk1 was significantly associated with unfavorable overall survival in hnscc patients.Dkk3 was more likely to be a negative factor for the 5-year survival rate, while dkk4 was the opposite.Dkk1 function was mainly enriched in gtpase-mediated signal transduction.Porcupine o-acyltransferase, a key regulator of the wnt signaling pathway, was also associated with dkk1 in the protein-protein interaction network.Conclusions with regard to improving the therapeutic strategies of hnscc in the future, dkk1 could be an unfavorable prognostic biomarker.Dkk3, dkk4, and dkkl1 might be potential biomarkers for hnscc.

Journal: Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research (2020)
Publication types: Journal Article
Controlling the Heat Dissipation in Temperature-Matched Plasmonic Nanostructures.

Heat dissipation in a plasmonic nanostructure is generally assumed to be ruled only by its own optical response even though also the temperature should be considered for determining the actual energy-to-heat conversion.Indeed, temperature influences the optical response of the nanostructure by affecting its absorption efficiency.Here, we show both theoretically and experimentally how, by properly nanopatterning a metallic surface, it is possible to increase or decrease the light-to-heat conversion rate depending on the temperature of the system.In particular, by borrowing the concept of matching condition from the classical antenna theory, we first analytically demonstrate how the temperature sets a maximum value for the absorption efficiency and how this quantity can be tuned, thus leading to a temperature-controlled optical heat dissipation.In fact, we show how the nonlinear dependence of the absorption on the electron-phonon damping can be maximized at a specific temperature, depending on the system geometry.In this regard, experimental results supported by numerical calculations are presented, showing how geometrically different nanostructures can lead to opposite dependence of the heat dissipation on the temperature, hence suggesting the fascinating possibility of employing plasmonic nanostructures to tailor the light-to-heat conversion rate of the system.

Journal: Nano letters (2017)
Publication types: Journal Article;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Heterogeneity in the guidelines for the management of diabetic foot disease in the Caribbean.

The prevalence of diabetes mellitus, diabetic foot (df) disease and, as a result, lower extremity amputation rates remain high in the caribbean.This study was undertaken to determine whether caribbean countries have designated individuals that monitor df disease and whether there are df protocols consistent with the international working group on the diabetic foot (iwgdf) guidance documents.Relevant df health care personnel(s) from the caricom and dutch caribbean countries were called or sent questionnaires regarding the presence of structured programs to monitor and manage df problems in the population.All 25 countries (100%) responded.81% of respondents could not identify any ministry, hospital or individual initiatives that monitored the df.Only 9 (36%) countries had any guidelines in place.Only 3 countries with guidelines in place utilized iwgdf guidelines.Only 6 (24%) countries had podiatrists and 10 (40%) had vascular surgery availability.7 (28%) countries had the components for a multidisciplinary team.The presence or the appointment of a designated individual and/or a multidisciplinary approach within the countries for df disease was absent in the majority of respondent countries.Only a minority of countries implemented df guidelines or had expertise available to organize a df multidisciplinary team.Vascular surgery and podiatric care were noticeably deficient.These may be critical factors in the variability and reduced success in implementation of strategies for managing df problems and subsequent amputations amongst these caribbean countries.

Journal: PLOS global public health (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
Emotion regulation skills training enhances the efficacy of inpatient cognitive behavioral therapy for major depressive disorder: a randomized controlled trial.

Deficits in emotion regulation skills are possible factors maintaining major depressive disorder (mdd).Therefore, the aim of the study was to test whether integrating a systematic emotion regulation training (ert) enhances the efficacy of routine inpatient cognitive behavioral therapy (cbt) for mdd.Methods in a prospective randomized controlled trial, 432 inpatients meeting criteria for mdd were assigned to receive either routine cbt or cbt enriched with an intense emotion regulation skills training (cbt-ert).Results participants in the cbt-ert condition demonstrated a significantly greater reduction in depression (response rates - cbt: 75.5%, cbt-ert: 84.9%; remission rates - cbt: 51.1%, cbt-ert: 65.1%).Moreover, cbt-ert participants demonstrated a significantly greater reduction of negative affect, as well as a greater increase of well-being and emotion regulation skills particularly relevant for mental health.Conclusions integrating strategies that target emotion regulation skills improves the efficacy of cbt for mdd.

Journal: Psychotherapy and psychosomatics (2013)
Publication types: Comparative Study;Journal Article;Randomized Controlled Trial;Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Amino acid quality modifies the quantitative availability of protein for reproduction in Drosophila melanogaster.

Diet composition, especially the relative abundance of key macronutrients, is well known to affect animal wellbeing by changing reproductive output, metabolism and length of life.However, less attention has been paid to the ways the quality of these nutrients modify these macronutrient interactions.Nutritional geometry can be used to model the effects of multiple dietary components on life-history traits and to compare these responses when diet quality is varied.Previous studies have shown that dietary protein quality can be increased for egg production in drosophila melanogaster by matching the dietary amino acid proportions to the balance of amino acids used by the sum of proteins in the fly's in silico translated exome.Here, we show that dietary protein quality dramatically alters the effect of protein quantity on female reproduction across a broad range of diets varying in both protein and carbohydrate concentrations.These data show that when sources of ingredients vary, their relative value to the consumer can vastly differ and yield very different physiological outcomes.Such variations could be particularly important for meta analyses that look to draw generalisable conclusions from diverse studies.

Journal: Journal of insect physiology (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Computational study of the structural ensemble of CC chemokine receptor type 5 (CCR5) and its interactions with different ligands.

Cc chemokine receptor 5 (ccr5), a member of the superfamily of g protein-coupled receptors (gpcrs), is an important effector in multiple physiopathological processes such as inflammatory and infectious entities, including central nervous system neuroinflammatory diseases such as alzheimer's disease, recovery from nervous injuries, and in the hiv-aids infective processes.Thus, ccr5 is an attractive target for pharmacological modulation.Since maraviroc was described as a ccr5 ligand that modifies the hiv-aids progression, multiple efforts have been developed to describe the functionality of the receptor.In this work, we characterized key structural features of the ccr5 receptor employing extensive atomistic molecular dynamics (md) in its apo form and in complex with an endogenous agonist, the chemokine ccl5/rantes, an hiv entry inhibitor, the partial inverse agonist maraviroc, and the experimental antagonists compound 21 and 34, aiming to elucidate the structural features and mechanistic processes that constitute its functional states, contributing with structural details and a general understanding of this relevant system.

Journal: PloS one (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Dermoscopic assessment of skin toxicities in patients with melanoma during treatment with vemurafenib.

Introduction the use of vemurafenib in melanoma has improved the survival of patients; however, it is associated with skin toxicities.Aim to assess skin toxicities by dermoscopy in patients treated with vemurafenib.Material and methods eight patients with braf v600 mutation positive metastatic melanoma were examined dermoscopically during vemurafenib treatment.All skin lesions occurring during therapy were assessed clinically and dermoscopically using a hand-held dermoscope with polarised and non-polarised light.Skin lesions suspected for malignancy appearing during therapy were totally surgically excised with consecutive histopathological examination.Results all 8 examined patients developed skin toxicity.The majority of patients (7/8) presented g1 skin toxicity according to ctcae version 4.3.Only 1 of them had g2 skin toxicity.The most common dermoscopy findings in our study were hyperkeratotic verrucas in 5 patients (5/8) with structureless pattern.In some of them we also observed central dots, exophytic proliferation, hairpin vessels and homogeneous haemorrhage.Other findings were hyperkeratosis of the nipples (5/8) with brownish to yellowish, angular clods with a tendency to be more confluent in dermoscopy.Palmar plantar erythrodysaesthesia (3/8) showed dermoscopically a yellowish, homogeneous pattern.Four melanocytic skin lesions in 2 patients were surgically excised due to suspected malignant transformation.In most of them we observed an atypical pigmented network (abrupt cut-off, big holes), atypical globules and a homogeneous blue pattern; however, histopathological diagnosis excluded any malignancy.Conclusions dermoscopy seems to be an easily performed and valuable method for assessment of skin toxicities during oncological therapy, at any time of the treatment.

Journal: Postepy dermatologii i alergologii (2018)
Publication types: Journal Article
The Burden of Cold Agglutinin Disease on Patients' Daily Life: Web-Based Cross-sectional Survey of 50 American Patients.

Cold agglutinin disease (cad) is a rare disorder, affecting 15% of patients with autoimmune hemolytic anemia.Few studies have assessed cad symptoms and their impact on daily life, but these studies did not address the patients' perspectives.Objective the aims of this study were to increase the knowledge about cad through a patient-centric survey and to gain a better understanding of the burden of this disease.Methods we conducted an internet-based survey in september 2020 among american patients registered on the cad unraveled website and members of the cold agglutinin disease foundation.Results a total of 50 respondents were included in this study.Totally, 90% (45/50) of the patients reported having experienced fatigue.Fatigue was mainly reported on a daily basis, and approximately one-third of these patients (13/45, 29%) said that their fatigue was constant throughout the day.It has also been shown that cad has a great impact on patients' physical well-being, emotional well-being, social life, and household finances.The disease varies over time, with or without symptoms.A total of 88% (44/50) of the patients reported previous episodes of the increased intensity or sensitivity of their cad symptoms, with a mean of 4.5 (sd 5.4) episodes reported during the past year.More than half of the patients (27/50, 54%) considered their disease to be moderate or severe, and 42% (21/50) of the study group reported that their symptoms had worsened since the time of diagnosis.Conclusions our study has provided new data on cad symptoms, particularly data on the importance and type of fatigue and the fluctuation of cad symptoms.

Journal: JMIR formative research (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
Classification of 12-lead ECGs: the PhysioNet/Computing in Cardiology Challenge 2020.

Vast 12-lead ecgs repositories provide opportunities to develop new machine learning approaches for creating accurate and automatic diagnostic systems for cardiac abnormalities.However, most 12-lead ecg classification studies are trained, tested, or developed in single, small, or relatively homogeneous datasets.In addition, most algorithms focus on identifying small numbers of cardiac arrhythmias that do not represent the complexity and difficulty of ecg interpretation.This work addresses these issues by providing a standard, multi-institutional database and a novel scoring metric through a public competition: the physio net/computing in cardiology challenge 2020.Approach a total of 66 361 12-lead ecg recordings were sourced from six hospital systems from four countries across three continents; 43 101 recordings were posted publicly with a focus on 27 diagnoses.For the first time in a public competition, we required teams to publish open-source code for both training and testing their algorithms, ensuring full scientific reproducibility.Main results a total of 217 teams submitted 1395 algorithms during the challenge, representing a diversity of approaches for identifying cardiac abnormalities from both academia and industry.As with previous challenges, high-performing algorithms exhibited significant drops ([formula: see text]10%) in performance on the hidden test data.Significance data from diverse institutions allowed us to assess algorithmic generalizability.A novel evaluation metric considered different misclassification errors for different cardiac abnormalities, capturing the outcomes and risks of different diagnoses.Requiring both trained models and code for training models improved the generalizability of submissions, setting a new bar in reproducibility for public data science competitions.

Journal: Physiological measurement (2021)
Publication types: Journal Article;Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Social Support is Associated with Survival in Patients Diagnosed with Gastrointestinal Cancer.

The aim of this study was to examine the link between psychological, behavioral, and social factors and survival in patients diagnosed with gastrointestinal cancer.Methods a cohort of gastrointestinal cancer patients were administered a battery of questionnaires that assessed trauma, depression, social support, sleep, diet, exercise, quality of life, tobacco and alcohol use, pain, and fatigue.Analyses included pearson's correlations, analyses of variance, kaplan meier survival, and cox regression analyses.Results of the 568 patients, the majority were male (57.9%) and caucasian (91.9%), with a mean age of 61 (s.d.= 10.7).The level of perceived social support was comparable to patients with other medical conditions.Sociodemographic predictors of social support included the number of years of education (r = 0.109, p = 0.05), marital status (f(6,387) = 5.465, p ≤ 0.001), and whether the patients' income met the family's basic needs (f(1,377) = 25.531, p < 0.001).Univariate analyses revealed that older age (p < 0.001), male gender (p = 0.007), being black (p = 0.005), diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (p = 0.046), higher body mass index (p = 0.022), larger tumor size (p = 0.032), initial treatment including chemotherapy rather than surgery (p < 0.001), and lower level of perceived social support (p = 0.037) were associated with poorer survival.Using multivariate cox regression and adjusting for all factors found to be significant in univariate survival analyses, older age (p = 0.024) and lower perceived social support (hr = 0.441, 95% ci = 0.233, 0.833; p = 0.012) were the factors that remained significantly associated with poorer survival.Conclusion there are several biological and psychosocial factors that predict cancer mortality.Social support appears to be a robust factor affecting mortality in gastrointestinal cancer patients.

Journal: Journal of gastrointestinal cancer (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
Qing-Wen-Jie-Re Mixture Ameliorates Poly (I:C)-Induced Viral Pneumonia Through Regulating the Inflammatory Response and Serum Metabolism.

Qing-wen-jie-re mixture (qwjr) has been used in the treatment of the coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) in china.However, the protective mechanisms of qwjr on viral pneumonia remain unclear.In the present study, we first investigated the therapeutic effects of qwjr on a rat viral pneumonia model established by using polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly (i:c)).The results indicated that qwjr could relieve the destruction of alveolar-capillary barrier in viral pneumonia rats, as represented by the decreased wet/dry weight (w/d) ratio in lung, total cell count and total protein concentration in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (balf).Besides, qwjr could also down-regulate the expression of inflammatory factors such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (tnf-α), interleukin (il)-1β and il-6.More m1-type macrophage polarization was detected by calculating cd86+cells and cd206+cells and validated by the decline of inducible nitric oxide synthase (i nos) and elevated arginase-1 (arg-1) in lung.Finally, serum untargeted metabolomics analysis demonstrated that qwjr might take effect through regulating arginine metabolism, arachidonic acid (aa) metabolism, tricarboxylic acid (tca) cycle, nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism processes.

Journal: Frontiers in pharmacology (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
Are there sex differences in crash and crash-related injury between men and women? A 13-year cohort study of young drivers in Australia.

Young men have long been known to be disproportionately impacted by road crash and crash-related injury compared to young women and older drivers.However, there is limited insight into how sex differences in crash and crash-related injury changes over time as men and women get older and gain more driving experience.To explore sex differences in crash and crash-related injury, we undertook a sex disaggregated analysis in a large longitudinal cohort of over 20,000 young drivers in new south wales, australia, for up to 13 years after they first attained their independent car driver licence.Methods drive study survey data from 2003-04 were linked with police, hospital and deaths data up to 2016.Sex differences were analysed using cumulative incidence curves investigating time to first crash and in negative binominal regression models adjusted for driver demographics and crash risk factors.Results after adjusting for demographics and driving exposure, compared with women, men had 1.25 (95% ci 1.18-1.33), 2.07 (1.75-2.45), 1.28 (95% ci 1.13-1.46), 1.32 (95% ci 1.17-1.50) and 1.59 (95% ci 1.43-1.78) times higher rates of any crash, single vehicle crash, crash on streets with a speed limit of 80 km/h or above, crash in wet conditions and crash in the dark, respectively.By contrast, men were less likely to be involved in crashes that resulted in hospitalisation compared to women 0.73 (95% ci 0.55-0.96).Conclusions young men are at increased risk of crash, and this risk persists as they get older and gain more driving experience.Despite lower risk of crash, women are at higher risk of crash related injury requiring hospitalisation.These differences in men's and women's risk of crash and injury signal the need for better understanding of how sex and/or gender may contribute to risk of crash and injury across the life-course.

Journal: SSM - population health (2021)
Publication types: Journal Article
Study on chronic toxicity of rhubarb extract in Sprague-Dawley rats.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety of rhubarb extract.Methods sd rats were treated with rhubarb extract at 0, 101, 405 and 1620 mg/kg/day for 52 weeks.Food consumption and body weights were recorded.Blood and urine samples were collected for serum biochemical evaluation and urinalysis, and organ tissues were collected for histopathological examination.Results the rats of 1620 mg/kg group developed diarrhea symptoms with dark brown loose stool after exposure; decreased body weight and increased food consumption were observed in the 1620 mg/kg and 405 mg/kg groups; urine wbc and nit was significantly increased in the male and female rats of 1620 mg/kg group, and the urine p h was decreased in male rats of 1620 mg/kg group; renal tubular pigmentation was observed in the 1620 mg/kg group.Conclusion the noael of rhubarb extract on chronic toxicity (52 weeks) of sprague-dawley rats was 101 mg/kg in female and 94 mg/kg in male, and the loael was 408 mg/kg in female and 381 mg/kg in male.The target organ of toxicity was the kidney, and the target cells was tubular epithelial cells.

Journal: Heliyon (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article