syedzayyan/paper_mill_benchmark huggingface dataset:
A Southeast Asian origin for present-day non-African human Y chromosomes.

The genomes of present-day humans outside africa originated almost entirely from a single out-migration ~ 50,000-70,000 years ago, followed by mixture with neanderthals contributing ~ 2% to all non-africans.However, the details of this initial migration remain poorly understood because no ancient dna analyses are available from this key time period, and interpretation of present-day autosomal data is complicated due to subsequent population movements/reshaping.One locus, however, does retain male-specific information from this early period: the y chromosome, where a detailed calibrated phylogeny has been constructed.Three present-day y lineages were carried by the initial migration: the rare haplogroup d, the moderately rare c, and the very common ft lineage which now dominates most non-african populations.Here, we show that phylogenetic analyses of haplogroup c, d and ft sequences, including very rare deep-rooting lineages, together with phylogeographic analyses of ancient and present-day non-african y chromosomes, all point to east/southeast asia as the origin 50,000-55,000 years ago of all known surviving non-african male lineages (apart from recent migrants).This observation contrasts with the expectation of a west eurasian origin predicted by a simple model of expansion from a source near africa, and can be interpreted as resulting from extensive genetic drift in the initial population or replacement of early western y lineages from the east, thus informing and constraining models of the initial expansion.

Journal: Human genetics (2021)
Publication types: Journal Article
Overlap of NatA and IAP substrates implicates N-terminal acetylation in protein stabilization.

Smac/diablo and htra2 are mitochondrial proteins whose amino-terminal sequences, known as inhibitor of apoptosis binding motifs (ibms), bind and activate ubiquitin ligases known as inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (iaps), unleashing a cell's apoptotic potential.Ibms comprise a four-residue, loose consensus sequence, and binding to iaps requires an unmodified amino terminus.Closely related, ibm-like n termini are present in approximately 5% of human proteins.We show that suppression of the n-alpha-acetyltransferase nat a turns these cryptic ibm-like sequences into very efficient iap binders in cell lysates and in vitro and ultimately triggers cellular apoptosis.Thus, amino-terminal acetylation of ibm-like motifs in nat a substrates shields them from iaps.This previously unrecognized relationship suggests that amino-terminal acetylation is generally protective against protein degradation in human cells.It also identifies iaps as agents of a general quality control mechanism targeting unacetylated rogues in metazoans.

Journal: Science advances (2021)
Publication types: Journal Article;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Severe hypoglycemia and hyponatremia caused by hypopituitarism in a female patient with type 1 diabetes: A case report.

Rationale the misdiagnosis of hypopituitarism is common due to its rarity and its nonspecific clinical manifestations.Our case report highlights the importance of critical evaluation regarding hypopituitarism as a cause of recurrent hypoglycemia, hyponatremia, and gastrointestinal symptoms in patients with t1dm, as misdiagnosis might be fatal to the patient.Patient concerns we herein report the case of 35-year-old female patient who presented with 18 years of history of well-controlled type 1 diabetes mellitus and a 6-month history of recurrent nausea and vomiting, generalized weakness, hyponatremia, and severe hypoglycemia, despite a reduction in the dose of insulin.She was considered as having "type 1 diabetes and gastroparesis." four months later, she was diagnosed with hypothyroidism, and 25 μg/d of levothyroxine was prescribed.However, the levothyroxine had to be discontinued 1 week later because of frequent vomiting by the patient.Diagnosis further evaluation in our hospital revealed low-normal adrenocorticotropic hormone, low-normal serum cortisol, and low 24-hours urinary cortisol excretion.Secondary hypothyroidism and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism were also demonstrated.Based on the endocrinological findings, she was diagnosed with hypopituitarism possibly due to lymphocytic hypophysitis.Diabetic nephropathy was another diagnosis made after kidney biopsy.Interventions the patient was treated with 100 mg/d of hydrocortisone intravenously for 2 weeks.After that, she continued on 15 mg/d of prednisone, and then 25 μg/d of levothyroxine was administered.Outcomes the patient's insulin requirement increased to a premorbid level, the severe hypoglycemia resolved, the physical discomforts were alleviated, and blood electrolytes returned to normal.Lessons this uncommon case reinforced the significance of a timely diagnosis and appropriate treatment of hypopituitarism.We recommend that physicians focus their awareness on this potentially life-threatening disease, as it is a condition potentially fatal to the patient if not recognized and treated.

Journal: Medicine (2019)
Publication types: Case Reports;Journal Article
The impacts of non-motorized traffic enforcement cameras on red light violations of cyclists at signalized intersections.

Introduction with a significant increase in accidents involving cyclists, more attention has been paid to cycling safety.Previous studies on traffic accident revealed that red-light violations of non-motorized vehicles have become the leading cause of crashes at signalized intersections.The objective of this study is to investigate the impact of non-motorized traffic enforcement cameras (ntecs) on the red-light running behavior of cyclists, including ordinary e-bike riders, delivery e-bike riders, and bicyclists.Method an observational study of 5,217 cyclists was conducted at six primary intersections in the downtown areas of nanjing, china.A random parameter logit model was used to explore the safety effect of the ntecs and other factors related to red-light violation behavior.Results the results indicate higher reductions in red-light violations at intersections with the ntecs compared than at the non-adjacent intersections without the ntecs.Furthermore, the ntecs demonstrated a beneficial but smaller impact on the reduction of violations at adjacent intersections.Another primary finding was that the effects of the ntecs varied among three types of cyclists (ordinary e-bike riders, delivery e-bike riders, and bicyclists).Conclusions the ntecs were found to be most effective in the case of delivery e-bike riders, followed by ordinary e-bike riders and bicyclists.In addition, the factors associated with the red-light violation behaviors of these three groups were also found to be different.In general, group size, maximum waiting time, waiting position, and visual search were significantly related to the probability of red-light violations in all three groups.Practical applications based on these findings, this study provides some feasible suggestions for improving the effect of the ntecs and for the future extension of the ntecs installation, such as the randomization of the enforcement and publicity campaigns.

Journal: Journal of safety research (2022)
Publication types: Observational Study;Journal Article;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Expression of CFTR, a hallmark gene of ionocytes, is downregulated in salivary glands of Sjögren's syndrome patients.

Introduction the autoimmune exocrinopathy, sjögren's syndrome (sj s), is associated with secretory defects in salivary glands.The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (cftr) of the chloride channel is a master regulator of fluid secretion, but its role in sj s has not been investigated.Our research found a link between cftr and sj s at the genetic and protein levels, as well as through clinical data.Methods we used single-cell rna sequencing to identify the presence of cftr in glandular epithelial cells of the human salivary gland (sc rna-seq) and confirmed the difference using immunofluorescence tests in labial glands and clinical data statistics from 44 non-sj s and 36 sj s patients.Results the changes of cftr expression in salivary glands of sj s patients was assessed at both m rna and protein levels.According to the sc rna-seq analyses, cftr was the hallmark gene of ionocytes.We firstly identified that sj s had a lower level of cftr expression in the labial glands than non-sj s at m rna level.Using immunofluorescence assays, we also found that cftr expression was decreased in sj s patients compared to non-sj s.The results of the clinical statistics revealed that cftr expression was adversely correlated with feelings of dry mouth, lymphocyte infiltration in the labial glands, and certain autoantibodies in serum (antinuclear antibody, anti-ro/ssa, and anti-la/ssb antibodies).Conclusion those findings above proved an obviously downregulated expression of cftr in salivary glands of sj s patients and its clinical significance.Dysfunction in cftr or ionocytes may contribute to sj s pathogenesis and represents a promising therapeutic target.

Journal: Arthritis research & therapy (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Family-Based Interventions with Transgender and Gender Expansive Youth: Systematic Review and Best Practice Recommendations.

Research on transgender and gender expansive (tge) youth has highlighted the disproportionate and challenging mental health and developmental outcomes faced by these young people.Research also largely suggests that family acceptance of tge youth's gender identity and expression is crucial to preventing poor psychosocial outcomes in this community.Recently, family-based treatment has become common practice with tge youth whose families are available for care, but it is unclear whether research provides outcome data for family interventions with tge youth.This study follows preferred systematic reviews and meta-analyses (prisma) guidelines to systematically review articles that provide outcome data or clinical recommendations for family-based interventions with tge youth and their families.No quantitative outcome data for family therapy with tge youth were found, but numerous articles spanning decades (n=32) provided clinical practice recommendations for family-based interventions with this population.Very few articles provided outcome data for family therapy with sexual minority youth (n=2).Over time, clinical strategies have moved from pathologizing to affirming of tge youths' gender journey.Common clinical strategies of affirming interventions include (1) providing psychoeducation, (2) allowing space for families to express reactions to their child's gender, (3) emphasizing the protective power of family acceptance, (4) utilizing multiple modalities of support, (5) giving families opportunities for allyship and advocacy, (6) connecting families to tge community resources, and (7) centering intersectional approaches and concerns.Future research should examine the efficacy of family-based interventions that incorporate these clinical strategies and collect quantitative data to systematically determine their effect on psychosocial outcomes.

Journal: Transgender health (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article;Review
Comparison of the morphological and biomechanical characteristics of keratoconus, forme fruste keratoconus, and normal corneas.

To explore the feasibility of corneal morphological and biomechanical parameters for keratoconus and forme fruste keratoconus diagnosis.methods: this case-control study included a total of 517 eyes from 408 keratoconus patients (kc group), 83 eyes from 83 forme fruste keratoconus patients (ffkc group), and 158 eyes from 158 patients with normal corneas (nl group).All subjects underwent routine ophthalmologic examinations.Pentacam and corneal visualization scheimpflug technology (corvis st) were used to obtain corneal morphological and biomechanical parameters.Differences between groups were compared using receiver operating characteristic (roc) curve analysis.results: roc analysis showed that all corneal morphological parameters and most biomechanical parameters distinguished kc from nl, with an area under the curve (auc) greater than 0.80, of which belin-ambrósio enhanced ectasia total deviation index (bad-d) and tomographic and biomechanical index (tbi) were most efficient.The auc for distinguishing kc from nl of the bad-d was 0.989 and the tbi was 0.993, which were not statistically significant (de long et al.,p= .232).The bad-d cut-off point of 1.595 provided 95.9% sensitivity for distinguishing kc from nl with 100% specificity.The tbi cut-off point of 0.515 provided 96.7% sensitivity for distinguishing kc from nl with 100% specificity.The ability of other parameters to distinguish kc from nl was lower than that of bad and tbi.Except for central astigmatism from the anterior corneal surface (astig f), the auc that distinguished ffkc from nl was 0.862.The astig f cut-off point of 4.65 provided 73.5% sensitivity for distinguishing ffkc from nl with 99.3% specificity.Other parameters distinguished ffkc from nl with low efficiency.Among them, the auc for distinguishing ffkc from nl of the tbi was 0.722, whose cut-off point of 0.273 provided 55.4% sensitivity for distinguishing kc from nl with 79.7% specificity.conclusion: bad-d and tbi have the highest efficiency, sensitivity, and specificity for distinguishing kc from nl.Except for astig f, other corneal morphological and biomechanical parameters have a relatively low ability to distinguish ffkc from nl.

Journal: Seminars in ophthalmology (2021)
Publication types: Journal Article
Silicone allergy mimicking shunt infection.

The purpose of this case report is to highlight silicone allergy as a rare cause of ventriculo-peritoneal shunt complication, often mimicking infection.Materials and methods information regarding the patient presented was obtained by review of their medical notes, both paper and electronically.A literature review was performed by searching pubmed using the following terms; silicone allergy and shunt allergy, to identify similar publications.Results nine publications between 1994 and 2019 formed the basis of the literature review.The primary aim was to identify clinical presentations that may help to identify silicone allergy as the cause of shunt complication.Conclusion silicone allergy is a rare cause of ventriculo-peritoneal (v-p) shunt failure and can mimic infection.This diagnosis should be consideredwith a predominantly lymphocytic csf leucocytosis and no bacteriological evidence of a responsible organism, a peripheral eosinophilia and an intense fibrosis around a recently placed v-p shunt, as described in this case report.

Journal: British journal of neurosurgery (2023)
Publication types: Review;Case Reports;Journal Article
Phosphate Group-Derivated Bipyridine-Ruthenium Complex and Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles for Electrochemical Sensing of Protein Kinase Activity.

Monitoring of protein kinase activity is of significance for fundamentals of biochemistry, biomedical diagnose, and drug screening.To reduce the usage of a relatively complicated bio-labeled signal probe, the phosphate group-derivated bipyridine-ruthenium (pbpy-ru) complex and titanium dioxide nanoparticles (ti o2nps) were employed as signal probes to develop an electrochemical sensor for evaluating the protein kinase a (pka) activity.Through the specific interaction between the phosphate groups and ti o2nps, the preparation of a pbpy-ru-ti o2np signal probe and its linkage with the phosphorylated pka substrate peptides could be performed in a simple and effective way.The tethering of pbpy-ru onto the ti o2np surface does not degrade the electrochemical property of the complex.The pbpy-ru-ti o2np probe exhibits well-defined redox signals at about 1.0 v versus ag/ag cl reference and notably has about fivefold current response than that of the ti o2nps with physically adsorbed tris-(bipyridine)-ru.The pka activity evaluation was realized by measuring the electrochemical response of the pbpy-ru-ti o2nps at the phosphorylated peptide-assembled electrode.Operating at optimal conditions, the cathodic signals at the potential of 1.03 v exhibit a good linearity with the pka concentrations of 0.5-40 u m l-1.The electrochemical sensor shows good selectivity, low detection limit (0.2 u m l-1, signal/noise = 3), qualified reproducibility, and satisfactory applicability for pka determination in the cell lysate.The pbpy-ru-ti o2nps/electrode system would be an excellent electrochemical platform for protein phosphorylation monitoring and sensing.

Journal: ACS sensors (2021)
Publication types: Journal Article;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Trends in educational disparities in preventive behaviours, risk perception, perceived effectiveness and trust in the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany.

Educational disparities in health and health behaviours have always been relevant in public health research and are particularly challenging in the context of the covid-19 pandemic.First studies suggest that factors important for the containment of the covid-19 pandemic, such as prevention behaviour, risk perception, perceived effectiveness of containment measures, and trust in authorities handling the pandemic, vary by educational status.This study builds on recent debate by examining trends in absolute and relative educational disparities in these factors in the first year of the covid-19 pandemic in germany.Methods data stem from four waves of the gesis panel surveyed between march and october 2020 in germany (15,902 observations from 4,690 individuals).Trends in absolute and relative disparities were examined for preventive behaviour, risk perception, perceived effectiveness of covid-19 containment measures, and trust in individuals and institutions handling the covid-19 pandemic by educational status using sex, age, residence, nationality, children under 16 living in household, family status, household size, the big five inventory, and income class as control factors.Descriptive statistics as well as unadjusted and adjusted linear regression models and random effects models were performed.Results we observed an initially rising and then falling trend in preventive behaviour with consistent and significant absolute and relative disparities with a lower preventive behaviour among low educated individuals.Indication of a u-shaped trend with consistent significantly lower values among lower educated individuals was found for risk perception, whereas perceived effectiveness and trust decreased significantly over time but did not significantly vary by educational status.Conclusions results indicate persistent educational disparities in preventive behaviour and risk perception and a general decline in perceived effectiveness and trust in the first year of the covid-19 pandemic in germany.To address this overall downward trend and existing disparities, comprehensive and strategic management is needed to communicate the risks of the pandemic and the benefits of covid-19 containment measures.Both must be adapted to the different needs of educational groups in particular in order to overcome gaps in preventive behaviour and risk perception by educational status.

Journal: BMC public health (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Public Health and Economic Benefits of Influenza Vaccination of the Population Aged 50 to 59 Years without Risk Factors for Influenza Complications in Mexico: A Cross-Sectional Epidemiological Study.

The mexican influenza vaccination program does not include a recommendation for people aged 50-59 years without risk factors for influenza complications, and there are limited data regarding the cost-effectiveness of vaccinating this population.To explore the clinical and economic effects of including this population in the vaccination schedule, we performed a cross-sectional epidemiological study using records (2009-2018) from mexico's influenza surveillance system (sisveflu), death records (2010-2015) from the national mortality epidemiological and statistical system, and discharge and hospitalization records (2010-2015) from the automated hospital discharge system databases.A 1-year decision-analytic model was used to assess cost-effectiveness through a decision-tree based on data from sisveflu.The primary outcome was influenza cases avoided; with associated influenza-related events as secondary outcomes.Including the population aged 50-59 years without risk factors in mexico's influenza immunization program would have resulted in 199,500 fewer cases; 67,008 fewer outpatient consultations; 33,024 fewer emergency room consultations; 33,091 fewer hospitalizations; 12 fewer deaths.These reductions equate to a substantial public health benefit as well as an economic benefit; yielding net savings of 49.8 million us dollars over a typical influenza season.Expansion of the current mexican vaccination schedule to include these people would be a cost-saving and dominant strategy.

Journal: Vaccines (2021)
Publication types: Journal Article
Impact of the COVID 19 Pandemic on Radiological Imaging in Germany.

To analyze the impact of the covid-19 pandemic in 2020 on the radiological imaging volume in germany.Materials und methods in this retrospective multicenter study, we analyzed ct and mri examinations of 7 radiology institutes across germany from january to december 2020.The imaging volume was compared to 2019 (wilcoxon-mann-whitney test).Modality, patient service locations, and examined body parts were assessed in consideration of time periods of the pandemic.In addition, correlation with the incidence of sars-co v-2 cases and associated death was performed (spearman-test).Results in total, in 2020, imaging volume declined by 4 % (n = 8314) compared with 2019 (p < 0.05).The hard lockdown during the first pandemic wave (calendar week 12-16, march 22 - april 19) revealed the highest decrease with 29 % (n = 894, p < 0.01), with the greatest decrease in ct (36 % vs.Mri 26 %), outpatients (38 %, p < 0.01), and imaging of the spine and extremities (51-72 %, < 0.05 - p < 0.01).Examinations referred from the emergency department (-13 %, p < 0.05) and ct of the chest (-16 %, p < 0.05) were least affected.With the end of the first wave, gradual normalization of the imaging volume was observed and persisted until the end of the observation period.A reduction of imaging volume negatively correlated with the incidence of sars-co v-2-positive cases and associated deaths (r = 0.28 and 0.49, p < 0.05 and p < 0.001).Conclusion the covid-19 pandemic was associated with a significant temporary decline in imaging volume.After the first lockdown period, a quick recovery was observed with radiologic imaging examinations steadily approaching prior-year figures.Key points · this study assesses the impact of dynamic pandemic activity on radiological imaging in a multicenter analysis in germany..· the covid-19 pandemic was associated with a temporary decline in ct and mri scans..· relaxation of restrictions was associated with fast normalization of imaging volumes to prior-year levels, which persisted until the end of the year..· significant catch-up effects were not observed..Citation format · schmidbauer m, grenacher l, juchems ms et al.Impact of the covid 19 pandemic on radiological imaging in germany.Fortschr röntgenstr 2022; 194: 625 - 633.

Journal: RoFo : Fortschritte auf dem Gebiete der Rontgenstrahlen und der Nuklearmedizin (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article;Multicenter Study