syedzayyan/paper_mill_benchmark huggingface dataset:
A subset of arachnoid granulations in humans drain to the venous circulation via intradural lymphatic vascular channels.

The discovery of dural lymphatics has spurred interest in the mechanisms of drainage of interstitial fluid from the cns, the anatomical components involved in clearance of macromolecules from the brain, mechanisms of entry and exit of immune components, and how these pathways may be involved in neurodegenerative diseases and cancer metastasis.In this study the authors describe connections between a subset of arachnoid granulations (ags) and the venous circulation via intradural vascular channels (ivcs), which stain positively with established lymphatic markers.The authors postulate that the ags may serve as a component of the human brain's lymphatic system.Methods ags and ivcs were examined by high-resolution dissection under stereoscope bilaterally in 8 fresh and formalin-fixed human cadaveric heads.The superior sagittal sinus (sss) and adjacent dura mater were immunostained with antibodies against lyve-1 (lymphatic marker), podoplanin (lymphatic marker), cd45 (panhematopoietic marker), and dapi (nuclear marker).Results ags can be classified as intradural or interdural, depending on their location and site of drainage.Interdural ags are distinct from the dura, adhere to arachnoid membranes, and occasionally open directly in the inferolateral wall or floor of the sss, although some cross the infradural folds of the dura's inner layer to meet with intradural ags and ivcs.Intradural ags are located within the leaflets of the dura.The total number of openings from the ags, lateral lacunae, and cortical veins into the sss was 45 ± 5.62 per head.On average each cadaveric head contained 6 ± 1.30 intradural ags.Some intradural ags do not directly open into the sss and use ivcs to connect to the venous circulation.Using immunostaining methods, the authors demonstrate that these tubular channels stain positively with vascular and lymphatic markers (lyve-1, podoplanin).Conclusions ags consist of two subtypes with differing modes of drainage into the sss.A subset of ags located intradurally use tubular channels, which stain positively with vascular and lymphatic markers to connect to the venous lacunae and ultimately to the sss.The present study suggests that ags may function as a component of brain lymphatics.This finding has important clinical implications for cancer metastasis to and from the cns and may shed light on mechanisms of altered clearance of macromolecules in the setting of neurodegenerative diseases.

Journal: Journal of neurosurgery (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
Seroprevalence and risk factors of Leptospira serovar Pomona and Leptospira serovar Hardjo infection in dairy cows in Jordan.

Introduction this study was carried out to determine the seroprevalence and risk factors associated with leptospira serovars pomona and hardjo infection in dairy cows.Methodology seroprevalence was determined using elisa using 160 healthy and 80 recently aborted cows.Risk factor assessment was carried out using a pre-validated questionnaire.Results the true farm seroprevalence of leptospira serovars pomona and hardjo was 92.3% (95% ci: 66%-98%).In healthy cows, the true and apparent cow seroprevalence of leptospira serovars pomona and hardjo were 26.9 (95% ci: 20-34%), 26.25% (95% ci: 20-33%) and 28.75% (95% ci: 22-36%) and 27.5% (95% ci: 21-35%), respectively.Semi-intensive management system (or = 11.43; p < 0.01), surface water as a source of drinking water (or = 1.21; p < 0.03), lack of special wear for visitors (or = 1.39; p < 0.05), and previous history of abortion (or = 1.02; p < 0.05) were associated with high rate of seropositivity against leptospira serovars pomona and hardjo.In recently aborted cows, the true and apparent seroprevalence rates of leptospira serovars pomona and hardjo were 53.25% (95% ci: 47.5-62%), 53.75% (95% ci: 48.5-63.2%) and 56% (95% ci: 49-61%), 56.25% (95% ci: 49.8-61.2%), respectively.Conclusions leptospirosis is an endemic disease in jordan and further studies are required to effectively control the disease in dairy cows.

Journal: Journal of infection in developing countries (2019)
Publication types: Journal Article;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Retracted: Protective Effect of Circular RNA (CircRNA) Ddx17 in Ovalbumin (OVA)-Induced Allergic Rhinitis (AR) Mice.

On the authors' request due to a need for verification and data supplementation.Reference: jiao liu, zhiwei cao: protective effect of circular rna (circ rna) ddx17 in ovalbumin (ova)-induced allergic rhinitis (ar) mice.Med sci monit 2020; 26:e919083..

Journal: Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research (2021)
Publication types: Journal Article;Retraction Notice
Rare Disorders: Diagnosis and Therapeutic Planning for Patients Seeking Orthodontic Treatment.

The available literature on the orthodontic treatment of patients with rare disorders is extremely scarce.The aim of this study was to analyze the diagnosis and orthodontic treatment of a group of 94 individuals with rare diseases, referred for orthodontic evaluation to a university special care dentistry center (university of santiago de compostela, spain).We created a control group of 94 systemically healthy individuals, paired by sex and age range.For all participants, we recorded their dental and skeletal abnormalities, oromotor dysfunctions and the characteristics of their orthodontic treatment.Some of the morphological and functional abnormalities were more prevalent in the rare disorders group than in the control group, including dental agenesis, microdontia, enamel defects, maxillary hypoplasia, overbite, cleft lip/palate, mouth breathing, atypical swallowing, lingual/labial interposition, labial incompetence, modified consistency diet, bruxism, and muscle tone abnormalities.Compared with the control group, the 56 patients with rare disorders who underwent orthodontic treatment required more desensitization sessions, used mixed appliances (fixed and removable) more often and for longer periods and had more frequent complications, such as gingivitis, caries, mucosal ulcers and recurrent debonding of the device.In conclusion, for selected patients with rare disorders, it is feasible to perform orthodontic treatment, whose planning will be determined by the dental-skeletal abnormalities and oromotor dysfunctions.Although complications are more frequent, they can typically be solved without having to stop treatment.

Journal: Journal of clinical medicine (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
Placement of Dermal Regeneration Template on Fibrotic Dura.

We report the case of a male presenting with a large, fungating marjolin ulcer over a prior craniectomy defect that had undergone several attempts at reconstruction.On presentation, he had a large area of exposed, fibrotic dura that ultimately required excision of the outer layer prior to placement of integra (integra life sciences, plainsboro, nj) and subsequent split-thickness skin grafting.Although there have been four other reports of dermal regeneration templates being used on exposed dura, this is the first case report of one being used on exposed dura that required dural preparation prior to placement.We discuss our rationale for this method of reconstruction, the histology of dermal regeneration template incorporation, and why this approach was necessary to allow for incorporation in this patient.

Journal: Cureus (2020)
Publication types: Case Reports;Journal Article
Obesity in women living with HIV aged 45-60 in England: An analysis of the PRIME study.

S menopause contributes to weight gain in women.We explored factors associated with obesity in women with hiv aged 45-60 years.Methods the present study is an analysis of cross-sectional questionnaire and clinic data from the positive transitions through the menopause (prime) study.We categorized body mass index (bmi) as normal/underweight ( 30 kg/m2).We used logistic regression to explore demographic, social, lifestyle and clinical factors associated with bmi.Results we included 396 women in this analysis.Median age was 49 years [interquartile range (iqr): 47-52].Most (83.6%) were not uk-born; the majority (69.4%) were black african (ba).Median (iqr) bmi was 28.6 (24.6-32.6) kg/m2; and 110 (27.8%), 127 (32.1%) and 159 (40.1%) of the women were normal/underweight, overweight and obese, respectively.Median (iqr) bmi did not differ in pre-, peri- and post-menopausal women (p = 0.90).In univariable analysis, being non-uk-born was associated with bmi > 30 kg/m2[odds ratio (or) = 1.94, 95% confidence interval (ci): 1.07-3.53].Compared with ba women, women of other black ethnicities were more likely to be obese (or = 2.37, 95% ci: 1.02-5.50) whereas white british women were less likely to be obese (or = 0.34, 95% ci: 0.17-0.68).Current smoking and increasing number of comorbid conditions were associated with increased bmi.We found no association between obesity and socioeconomic status.On multivariable analysis, only ethnicity remained associated with obesity (compared with ba: white british, or = 0.34, 95% ci: 0.17-0.68; other black, or = 2.50, 95% ci: 1.07-5.82).Conclusions nearly two-fifths of women had bmi > 30 kg/m2.Obesity was associated with black ethnicities but not with menopausal status.The combination of obesity and hiv may place women at increased risk of co-morbidities, requiring tailored and culturally appropriate interventions.

Journal: HIV medicine (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Characterization of the complete mitochondrial genome ofGlyptothorax minimaculatusand phylogenetic studies of Sisoridae.

The entire mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of glyptothorax minimaculatuswas sequenced; it spanned 16,536 bp in length and contained 13 protein-coding genes (pcgs), 2 ribosomal rnas, and 22 transfer rna genes.A total of 37 genes formed a typical vertebrate mitochondrial gene arrangement.The phylogenetic tree of sisoridae based on 13 pcgs was constructed and supported that g.Minimaculatuswas closely related to glyptothorax sinensis,glyptothorax zanaensis,glyptothorax longinema,glyptothorax granosusand glyptothorax lanceatus.The mitogenome of g.Minimaculatusdescribed in this study provided molecular evidence for its current taxonomic status and laid a groundwork for further study concerning phylogenetics within sisoridae.

Journal: Mitochondrial DNA. Part B, Resources (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
Environmental contaminants and male infertility: Effects and mechanisms.

The escalating prevalence of male infertility and decreasing trend in sperm quality have been correlated with rapid industrialisation and the associated discharge of an excess of synthetic substances into the environment.Humans are inevitably exposed to these ubiquitously distributed environmental contaminants, which possess the ability to intervene with the growth and function of male reproductive organs.Several epidemiological reports have correlated the blood and seminal levels of environmental contaminants with poor sperm quality.Numerous in vivo and in vitro studies have been conducted to investigate the effect of various environmental contaminants on spermatogenesis, steroidogenesis, sertoli cells, blood-testis barrier, epididymis and sperm functions.The reported reprotoxic effects include alterations in the spermatogenic cycle, increased germ cell apoptosis, inhibition of steroidogenesis, decreased leydig cell viability, impairment of sertoli cell structure and function, altered expression of steroid receptors, increased permeability of blood-testis barrier, induction of peroxidative and epigenetic alterations in spermatozoa resulting in poor sperm quality and function.In light of recent scientific reports, this review discusses the effects of environmental contaminants on the male reproductive function and the possible mechanisms of action.

Journal: Andrologia (2021)
Publication types: Journal Article;Review
The Problem Of The Color Line: Spatial Access To Hospital Services For Minoritized Racial And Ethnic Groups.

Examining how spatial access to health care varies across geography is key to documenting structural inequalities in the united states.In this article and the accompanying story map, our team identified zip code tabulation areas (zctas) with the largest share of minoritized racial and ethnic populations and measured distances to the nearest hospital offering emergency services, trauma care, obstetrics, outpatient surgery, intensive care, and cardiac care.In rural areas, zctas with high black or american indian/alaska native representation were significantly farther from services than zctas with high white representation.The opposite was true for urban zctas, with high white zctas being farther from most services.These patterns likely result from a combination of housing policies that restrict housing opportunities and federal health policies that are based on service provision rather than community need.The findings also illustrate the difficulty of using a single metric-distance-to investigate access to care on a national scale.

Journal: Health affairs (Project Hope) (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article;Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Meta-analysis reveals variance in tolerance to climate change across marine trophic levels.

Marine ecosystems are currently facing a variety of anthropogenic perturbations, including climate change.Trophic differences in response to climate change may disrupt ecological interactions and thereby threaten marine ecosystem function.Yet, we still do not have a comprehensive understanding of how different trophic levels respond to climate change stressors in marine ecosystems.By including 1278 experiments, comprising 236 different marine species from 18 different phyla in a meta-analysis of studies measuring the direct effect of ocean acidification and ocean warming on marine organisms, we found that higher trophic level species display greater tolerance to ocean acidification but greater sensitivity to warming.In contrast, marine herbivores were the most vulnerable trophic level to both acidification and warming.Such imbalances in the community and a general reduction of biodiversity and biomass in lower trophic levels can significantly disrupt the system and could drive negative bottom-up effects.In conclusion, with ocean acidification and elevated temperatures, there is an alarming risk that trophic disparity may disrupt species interactions, and thereby drive community destabilization under ocean climate change.

Journal: The Science of the total environment (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article;Meta-Analysis;Review
Pembrolizumab-induced toxic epidermal necrolysis: case report.

A 63-year-old man with metastatic lung adenocarcinoma presented with biopsy confirmed toxic epidermal necrolysis (ten).Symptoms commenced following 3 cycles of carboplatin, pemetrexed and pembrolizumab, with the first cycle given ~9.5 weeks prior to presentation.The patient was managed with immunosuppressive therapy including high dose methylprednisolone, cyclosporine, intravenous immunoglobulin, antibiotics and optimal skin care, and achieved excellent recovery of the skin lesions with minimal sequelae.This rare occurrence of pembrolizumab-induced ten has only been reported previously in a few cases with limited evidence on management.Given the increasing use of immune checkpoint inhibitors and the long half-life of these agents, our case highlights the importance of recognizing this complication and of a multidisciplinary approach to management.

Journal: Oxford medical case reports (2022)
Publication types: Case Reports;Journal Article
Identification of new candidate genes for spina bifida through exome sequencing.

Neural tube defects are a group of birth defects caused by failure of neural tube closure during development.The etiology of ntd, requiring a complex interaction between environmental and genetic factors, is not well understood.Methods we performed whole-exome sequencing (wes) in six trios, with a single affected proband with spina bifida, to identify rare/novel variants as potential causes of the ntd.Results our analysis identified four de novo and ten x-linked recessive variants in four of the six probands, all of them in genes previously never implicated in ntd.Among the 14 variants, we ruled out six of them, based on different criteria and pursued the evaluation of eight potential candidates in the following genes: rxrγ, dtx1, col15a1, arhgap36, tktl1, amot, gpr50, and nkrf.The de novo variants where located in the rxrγ, dtx1, and col15a1 genes while arhgap36, tktl1, amot, gpr50, and nkrf carry x-linked recessive variants.This analysis also revealed that four patients presented multiple variants, while we were unable to identify any significant variant in two patients.Conclusions our preliminary conclusion support a major role for the de novo variants with respect to the x-linked recessive variants where the x-linked could represent a contribution to the phenotype in an oligogenic model.

Journal: Child's nervous system : ChNS : official journal of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery (2021)
Publication types: Journal Article
Cross-sectional prevalence and pattern of non-anaemia severe malaria among 2-10 year olds in Sokoto in Northwestern Nigeria.

Malaria is highly prevalent in nigeria and accounts for approximately 40% of global malaria mortality.However, most reports on severe malaria in nigeria are from hospital-based studies without accurate information from communities; thus, malaria-related deaths in the community are left untracked.This study aimed to describe the prevalence and pattern of severe malaria in a community in northwestern nigeria.A cross-sectional study was conducted among 2-10-year-old children in sokoto, in august and december 2016, to determine the endemicity of malaria based on plasmodium falciparum prevalence rate (pf pr2-10) and to describe the disease pattern.Severe malaria was diagnosed according to the world health organisation criteria.Data were described using stata version 15.The prevalence of non-anaemia severe malaria was higher than expected (2.6%), considering the endemicity pattern which was mesoendemic based on a pf pr2-10 of 34.8%.The mean age of children with severe malaria was 3.73 years, and the male-female ratio was 2:1.However, 54.0% of the patients had hyperparasitaemia.A relatively high prevalence of non-anaemia severe malaria was found in wamakko.This finding suggests the need to identify and treat cases in the community using modifications of current strategies, particularly seasonal malaria chemoprophylaxis.

Journal: Frontiers of medicine (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
The 'land of fires': epidemiological research and public health policy during the waste crisis in Campania, Italy.

The region of campania, south italy rose to prominence in the mid-2000s due to the illegal disposal of waste by the camorra during the local waste management crisis.Several lines of evidence have identified a link between exposure to toxic waste and adverse health outcomes in the local populations.Critically, studies since 2017 have strongly suggested that this link is causal in nature.The uncertainty of evidence polarised the italian epidemiological community and partly undermined the precautionary principle in public health policy, leading to years of delay in the deployment of appropriate interventions.The crisis also sparked concerns about pollution of soil, water, and agricultural products.The contrast between political responses and protests from local communities shows analogies with environmental emergencies of a larger scale.Beyond law enforcement actions to prosecute illegal waste disposal activity, future mitigation of risks for affected populations will require coordinated efforts in environmental policy (land reclamation, improved waste management) and public health (i.e.Extensive epidemiological surveillance, screening and prevention programs).By summarising evidence over the last two decades, this review aims to construct a cohesive interdisciplinary narrative of the events in the campanian waste crisis.

Journal: Heliyon (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article;Review
Self-reported diabetes and factors associated with it in the Brazilian adult population: National Health Survey, 2019.

This study aims to analyze the prevalence of self-reported diabetes and its associated factors in the brazilian adult population.It is a cross-sectional study using the 2019 national health survey.Prevalence and crude prevalence ratios (prc) and adjusted prevalence ratios (pra) of self-reported diabetes were estimated, with confidence intervals (95% ci), using poisson regression.In the 82,349 adults, the prevalence of self-reported diabetes was 7.7%.Positively associated factors were: advanced age with greater association after 60 years (pra 24.87; 95%ci 15.78-39.18); living in the northeast (pra 1.16; 95%ci 1.04-1.29), southeast (pra 1.27; 95% ci 1.14-1.43), south (pra 1.18; 95%ci 1, 05-1.34), and midwest (pra 1.21; 95%ci 1.06-1.38); being a former smoker (pra 1.17; 95%ci 1.09-1.27); self-assessment of regular health (pra 2.41; 95%ci 2.21-2.64), bad/very bad (pra 3.45; 95%ci 3.06-3.88); having heart disease (pra 1.81; 95%ci 1.64-2.00), hypertension (pra 2.84; 95%ci 2.60-3.69), high cholesterol (pra 2.22; 95%ci 2.05-2.41), overweight (pra 1.49; 95%ci 1.36-1.64), and obesity (pra 2.25; 95%ci 2.05-2.47).It could be concluded that diabetes in brazilian adults is associated with sociodemographic factors, aging, lifestyle, and morbidities.These results can guide public policies for the prevention and control of disease in brazil.

Journal: Ciencia & saude coletiva (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
High Li-Ion Selectivity of Five-Coordinate Layered Titanate K2Ti2O5.

Selectivity of ion exchangers is an important topic in adsorption science owing to its specific application in resource recovery and environmental remediation.In this study, the cation exchange property of the submillimeter-sized five-coordinate k2ti2o5(kto) crystals is demonstrated.Adsorption isotherm measurements were performed on kto crystals ion-exchanged with alkali metal cations including li+, na+, rb+, and cs+.The maximum adsorption amounts of li+, na+, rb+, and cs+on kto were 2.70, 1.15, 0.59, and 0.42 mmol g-1, respectively, which is contradictory to the "normal" selectivity sequence (cs+> rb+> k+> na+> li+) of conventional ion exchangers, including clays and organic resins.The kielland plots for the li+and cs+exchange experiments showed preferential li+adsorption on kto, which supports the high li+selectivity.The interlayer distance for m+-exchanged kto (m = li, na, rb, and cs) was dependent on cation type.Raman and x-ray absorption near-edge structure spectroscopic analyses of the kto samples indicated that certain ti species in kto underwent hydrolysis, and thereby formed hydroxyl groups on the kto surface during ion exchange.The origin of the high li+selectivity of kto is discussed herein based on experimental characterization results.

Journal: Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article