syedzayyan/paper_mill_benchmark huggingface dataset:
Health and Demographic Surveillance System: A Potential Tool for Solving Challenges Associated with Epidemic Surveillance and Social Protection Scheme for COVID-19 Pandemic Response in Nigeria.

Nigeria recorded her first case of covid 19 in lagos state on 27th february 2019, and the number of confirmed cases of covid 19 has risen to 59 287, with 1113 deaths as of 4th october 2020.The commentary highlighted the importance of a health and demographic surveillance system (hdss) and its potential in addressing surveillance gap, and the inadequacy of existing sociodemographic database used for palliative administration.The authors examined the hdss in the context of the covid-19 pandemic response and learning from the nahuche model.The nahuche hdss model has the potential of identifying poor households as it collects standard data on the socio-economic status of each of the households within the demographic surveillance area (dsa).Standard questionnaire in assessing the household socio-economic status adapted from standard surveys, such as nigeria health and demographic survey and malaria indicator survey, was administered on the household heads of each household every 2 years to monitor socio-economic advancement of the households.Data on variables such as household possessions, including animals and livestock, were collected and analyzed using factor analysis to group the households into different wealth indices.Hdss provides an opportunity to ameliorate the challenges associated with halting the spread of the virus in the areas of surveillance and administration of palliatives in nigeria, where there is a paucity of reliable demographic and household-level socio-economic data.This paper calls for the setting up of a functioning hdss in each region of nigeria to address the dearth of reliable data for planning health and socio-economic interventions.

Journal: Journal of primary care & community health (2021)
Publication types: Journal Article
Association between Increased Bcl-2, Fas and FasL Levels and Inflammation Extent in Labial Salivary Glands During Primary Sjögren's Syndrome.

Primary sjögren syndrome (p ss) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by epithelial atrophy, mononuclear infiltration in exocrine glands resulting in the defective function of these glands.In p ss, atrophy of the epithelium is caused by an increased amount of apoptosis.Objective the main aim of this study is to investigate the role of the apoptosis-related factors by studying bcl-2, fas and fas l expression in relation to the extent of inflammation as well as the effect of therapy on the expression of these mediators.Methods in p ss patients (n=62) documented for their serological and clinical features, fas, fas l and bcl-2 plasma levels were assessed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays.In the same context, we investigated their expression by immunohistochemistry analysis in the labial salivary glands samples in association with the extent of inflammation.Results interestingly, our results indicated that in p ss patients, the plasmatic bcl-2, fas and fas l levels, which appeared to be associated with the severity of inflammation and were significantly elevated in comparison to the healthy controls.Moreover, a significant decrease in all these factors was observed in patients after combined corticosteroids-hydroxychloroquine therapy.Importantly, we report a strong positive correlation between bcl-2 and no levels.The immunohistochemical staining reveals a strong bcl-2 expression in infiltrating mononuclear cells and a total absence in the acinar cells.The bcl-2 level varies according to the severity of pathology.However, the expression of fas and fas l was less important and predominantly localized in infiltrating mononuclear cells.Conclusion our current study highlights the involvement of bcl-2, fas and fas l in p ss glands injury.These factors may act as useful predictor markers of a clinical course in p ss, suggesting a novel approach in the p ss patients monitoring.

Journal: Endocrine, metabolic & immune disorders drug targets (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
Planetary health and sustainability teaching in UK medical education: A review of medical school curricula.

The doctors of the future need to be empowered to deliver healthcare sustainably while protecting their patients' health in the context of a degrading environment.This study aimed to objectively review the extent and nature of the teaching of planetary health and sustainability topics in uk medical education.Methods a multi-centre national review of the timetabled teaching sessions in medical courses in the uk during the academic year 2020/2021 against the general medical council's adopted 'educating for sustainable healthcare - priority learning outcomes'.Medical students were recruited and reviewed the entirety of their own institution's online teaching materials associated with core teaching sessions using a standardised data collection tool.Learning outcome coverage and estimated teaching time were calculated and used to rank participating medical schools.Results 45% of eligible uk medical schools were included in the study.The extent of teaching varied considerably amongst courses.Mean coverage of the 13 learning outcomes was 9.9 (sd:2.5) with a mean estimated teaching time of 140 min (sd:139).Courses with dedicated planetary health and sustainability sessions ranked best.Conclusion there is large disparity in the education that medical students receive on these topics.Teaching may not adequately prioritise sustainability or reflect advances in planetary health knowledge.[box: see text].

Journal: Medical teacher (2023)
Publication types: Review;Journal Article
Diagnostic Yield and Impact on Antimicrobial Management of 16S rRNA Testing of Clinical Specimens.

16s r rna gene sequencing is increasingly used in clinical practice for bacterial identification of clinical specimens.However, studies on its applicability to direct clinical specimens are limited.Here, we studied the diagnostic yield and impact of 16s r rna gene sequencing from direct clinical specimens on antimicrobial management.Adult inpatients whose attending physician requested 16s r rna gene sequencing and corresponding bacterial culture from a direct clinical specimen between january and december 2021 in a university hospital were prospectively included in this study.A total of 434 specimens from 374 patients were requested.Of these, 253 (58.3%) specimens were collected from patients whose final diagnosis indicated a bacterial infection, whereas 181 (41.7%) specimens were from nonbacterial infections.Using the final diagnosis as a "gold standard," the sensitivity and specificity of 16s r rna gene sequencing were 38.3% and 93.9%, respectively.Among the bacterial infection cases, the proportion of 16s r rna gene sequencing-positive and culture-positive cases was 32.4%, and the proportion of sequencing-positive and culture-negative cases was 5.9%.The impact on antimicrobial management was evident in 10 (2.3%) specimens, which all resulted in the continuation of antibiotics.The impact on antimicrobial management was highest in skin and soft tissue infections, followed by bone and joint infections.In this study, the long turnaround time of 16s r rna gene sequencing of clinical specimens was a limiting factor.In conclusion, the overall diagnostic yield of 16s r rna gene sequencing in bacterial infection cases was fair, being useful in selected cases.Restrictions on test requests may improve test utilization in this setting.importance16s r rna gene sequencing has been increasingly used in clinical practice.Using the final diagnosis as a gold standard, the sensitivity of 16s r rna gene sequencing was fair.In the setting with no 16s r rna gene sequencing test ordering restrictions, only small percentages of the test results had an impact on antimicrobial management.Restrictions on test requests should be developed to maximize the benefit of the test.

Journal: Microbiology spectrum (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
Typographic Changes in Package Leaflets of the European Union Based on the Example of German Versions Between 2005 and 2015.

Typography significantly influences the legibility and usability of patient information.This study investigated the implementation and changes of different typographic subjects in package leaflets used in the european union.Methods a randomly selected sample of all german package leaflets investigated in 2005 was reanalyzed in 2015 for different important and predefined typographic subjects.Results the 138 package leaflets revisited in 2015 showed significant increases in word count (average 2551 words), font size (1.43 mm x-height, 2.0 mm cap-height), line spacing (3.13 mm), use of text attributes (for example, lists in 94.2% and bold print in 83.2% package leaflet's body text), use of light-condensed or condensed font (34.1%), and use of portrait format (81.9%) ( p ≤ .015).Otherwise, line length significantly decreased to on average 62.6 characters per line ( p = .012) and the classes of fonts used remained almost unchanged.Conclusion to achieve any further increase of package leaflet font size and other typographic improvements, a significant decrease in text volume is essential.To this end, replacing the current 840-word qrd template with a 200-word version would allow optimization of typography in all package leaflets, without deleting information essential for patients or incurring any unfavorable format increase.

Journal: Therapeutic innovation & regulatory science (2017)
Publication types: Journal Article
Specific Therapy for Transthyretin Cardiac Amyloidosis: A Systematic Literature Review and Evidence-Based Recommendations.

The emergence of specific therapies for transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis (ca) warrants the need for a systematic review of the literature.Methods and results a systematic review of the literature was conducted according to preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (prisma) guidelines.A systematic search was performed on medline, pub med, and embase databases on november 29, 2019.Studies were selected based on the following predefined eligibility criteria: english-language randomized controlled trials (rcts), non-rcts, or observational studies, which included adult patients with variant/wild-type transthyretin-ca, assessed specific therapies for transthyretin-ca, and reported cardiovascular outcomes.Relevant data were extracted to a predefined template.Quality assessment was based on national institute for health and care excellence recommendations (rcts) or a checklist by downs and black (non-rcts).From 1203 records, 24 publications were selected, describing 4 rcts (6 publications) and 16 non-rcts (18 publications).Tafamidis was shown to significantly improve all-cause mortality and cardiovascular hospitalizations and reduce worsening in 6-minute walk test, kansas city cardiomyopathy questionnaire-overall summary score, and nt-pro bnp (n-terminal pro-b-type natriuretic peptide) in variant/wild-type transthyretin-ca.Patisiran showed promising results in a subgroup analysis of patients with variant transthyretin-ca, which have to be confirmed in rcts.Inotersen showed conflicting results on cardiac imaging parameters.The one study on ag10 had only a 1-month duration and cardiovascular end points were exploratory and limited to cardiac biomarkers.Limited evidence from noncomparative single-arm small non-rcts existed for diflunisal, epigallocatechin-3-gallate (green tea extract), and doxycycline+tauroursodeoxycholic acid/ursodeoxycholic acid.Conclusions this systematic review of the literature supports the use of tafamidis in wild-type and variant transthyretin-ca.Novel therapeutic targets including transthyretin gene silencers are currently under investigation.

Journal: Journal of the American Heart Association (2020)
Publication types: Journal Article;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't;Systematic Review
Bovine Immunology: Implications for Dairy Cattle.

The growing world population (7.8 billion) exerts an increased pressure on the cattle industry amongst others.Intensification and expansion of milk and beef production inevitably leads to increased risk of infectious disease spread and exacerbation.This indicates that improved understanding of cattle immune function is needed to provide optimal tools to combat the existing and future pathogens and improve food security.While dairy and beef cattle production is easily the world's most important agricultural industry, there are few current comprehensive reviews of bovine immunobiology.High-yielding dairy cattle and their calves are more vulnerable to various diseases leading to shorter life expectancy and reduced environmental fitness.In this manuscript, we seek to fill this paucity of knowledge and provide an up-to-date overview of immune function in cattle emphasizing the unresolved challenges and most urgent needs in rearing dairy calves.We will also discuss how the combination of available preventative and treatment strategies and herd management practices can maintain optimal health in dairy cows during the transition (periparturient) period and in neonatal calves.

Journal: Frontiers in immunology (2021)
Publication types: Journal Article;Review
N,N-Dimethyldithiocarbamate Elicits Pneumococcal Hypersensitivity to Copper and Macrophage-Mediated Clearance.

Streptococcus pneumoniae is a gram-positive, encapsulated bacterium that is a significant cause of disease burden in pediatric and elderly populations.The rise in unencapsulated disease-causing strains and antimicrobial resistance in s.Pneumoniae has increased the need for developing new antimicrobial strategies.Recent work by our laboratory has identified n,n-dimethyldithiocarbamate (dmdc) as a copper-dependent antimicrobial against bacterial, fungal, and parasitic pathogens.As a bactericidal antibiotic against s.Pneumoniae, dmdc's ability to work as a copper-dependent antibiotic and its ability to workin vivowarranted further investigation.Here, our group studied the mechanisms of action of dmdc under various medium and excess-metal conditions and investigated dmdc's interactions with the innate immune systemin vitroandin vivo.Of note, we found that dmdc plus copper significantly increased the internal copper concentration, hydrogen peroxide stress, nitric oxide stress, and thein vitromacrophage killing efficiency and decreased capsule.Furthermore, we found thatin vivo dmdc treatment increased the quantity of innate immune cells in the lung during infection.Taken together, this study provides mechanistic insights regarding dmdc's activity as an antibiotic at the host-pathogen interface.

Journal: Infection and immunity (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article;Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Genotoxic Potential of Nanoparticles: Structural and Functional Modifications in DNA.

The rapid advancement of nanotechnology enhances the production of different nanoparticles that meet the demand of various fields like biomedical sciences, industrial, material sciences and biotechnology, etc.This technological development increases the chances of nanoparticles exposure to human beings, which can threaten their health.It is well known that various cellular processes (transcription, translation, and replication during cell proliferation, cell cycle, cell differentiation) in which genetic materials (dna and rna) are involved play a vital role to maintain any structural and functional modification into it.When nanoparticles come into the vicinity of the cellular system, chances of uptake become high due to their small size.This cellular uptake of nanoparticles enhances its interaction with dna, leading to structural and functional modification (dna damage/repair, dna methylation) into the dna.These modifications exhibit adverse effects on the cellular system, consequently showing its inadvertent effect on human health.Therefore, in the present study, an attempt has been made to elucidate the genotoxic mechanism of nanoparticles in the context of structural and functional modifications of dna.

Journal: Frontiers in genetics (2021)
Publication types: Journal Article;Review
How Does Ride-Hailing Influence Individual Mode Choice? An Examination Using Longitudinal Trip Data from the Seattle Region.

This study investigates the impacts of ride-hailing, which we define as mobility services consisting of both conventional taxis and app-based services offered by transportation network companies, on individual mode choice.We examine whether ride-hailing substitutes for or complements travel by driving, public transit, or walking and biking.The study overcomes some of the limitations of convenience samples or cross-sectional surveys used in past research by employing a longitudinal dataset of individual travel behavior and socio-demographic information.The data include three waves of travel log data collected between 2012 to 2018 in transit-rich areas of the seattle region.We conducted individual-level panel data modeling, estimating independently pooled models and fixed-effect models of average daily trip count and duration for each mode, while controlling for various factors that affect travel behavior.The results provide evidence of substitution effects of ride-hailing on driving.We found that cross-sectionally, participants who used more ride-hailing tended to drive less, and that longitudinally, an increase in ride-hailing usage was associated with fewer driving trips.No significant associations were found between ride-hailing and public transit usage or walking and biking.Based on detailed travel data of a large population in a major us metropolitan area, the study highlights the value of collecting and analyzing longitudinal data to understand the impacts of new mobility services.

Journal: Transportation research record (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
Study of HLA-G gene 14-bp ins/del and codon 93 (CAC/CAT) polymorphisms association with spontaneous abortion in a Tunisian population.

In the recent years, spontaneous abortion (sa) frequency increased awareness about medical and social-economic related problems.Human leukocyte antigen-g (hla-g) is a non-classic hla i molecule initially described in trophoblastic tissue in foeto-maternal interface.Hla-g polymorphism association with sa has been extensively studied.One amongst the foremost studied variants was hla-g 14-bp insertion (ins)/deletion (del) polymorphism.Nevertheless, such a study was not performed in tunisian population yet.We aim to investigate two hla-g polymorphisms, 14-bp ins/del 3'utr, and for the first time, codon 93 (cac/cat) polymorphisms association with sa risk in the tunisian population.The results revealed hla-g 14-bp ins/del polymorphism and cins haplotype association with sa.No association of the hla-g codon 93 (cac/cat) polymorphism to sa was observed.Considering both polymorphism together, female's homozygosity for 14-bp ins/del and for codon 93 (cac/cat) polymorphism may increase the risk of sa susceptibility.

Journal: African journal of reproductive health (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
Prevalence and extent of low back pain and low back-related disability in non-care-seeking working-age adults.

To explore the prevalence and extent of low back pain (lbp) and low back-related disability in working-age adults not seeking care.Methods a convenience sample of 101 working-age adults not seeking care for lbp completed the oswestry disability index (odi) and roland-morris disability questionnaire (rmdq) as measures of disability and completed questionnaires that collected information on various demographic and health-related variables.Those reporting current lbp also completed a numeric pain rating scale (nprs).Prevalence was assessed based on a dichotomization of whether any disability or pain was reported and also as a continuous variable to assess the extent of pain and disability present for each participant.Results of the 101 participants, 72.3% reported some level of disability (odi mean = 7.91%, rmdq mean = 2.63) and 46.5% reported some level of pain (nrps mean = 3.68).Previous care-seeking for lbp was associated with increased odds of reporting disability (odi odds ratio [or] 7.91, 95% confidence interval [ci], 2.43 to 31.18; rmdq or 2.69, 95% ci, 1.05 to 7.24), as was reporting any current lbp (odi or 9.45, 95% ci, 3.15 to 33.21; rmdq or 7.03, 95% ci, 2.82 to 18.89).No other demographic or health-related variables were associated with the presence or extent of pain or disability.Conclusion many non-care-seeking individuals reported some level of lbp and/or disability, suggesting that some level of pain and disability may be considered normal, acceptable, or manageable.One-third of individuals with no pain reported some disability.

Journal: Musculoskeletal science & practice (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
Methodology Matters: Designing a Pilot Study Guided by Indigenous Epistemologies.

Indigenous individuals and communities have experienced historic and ongoing negative interactions with western health care and biomedical research.To rebuild trust and mitigate power structures between researchers and indigenous peoples, researchers can adopt indigenous epistemologies in methodologies, such as nonhierarchical approaches to relationship.This article shares models developed to bridge indigenous epistemologies with western qualitative and quantitative research methods and demonstrates how these epistemologies can be used to guide the authors' development of a pilot study on traumatic spinal cord injury.

Journal: Human biology (2020)
Publication types: Journal Article
Author Correction: Establishment of the most comprehensive ITS2 barcode database to date of the traditional medicinal plant Rhodiola (Crassulaceae).

A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the html and pdf versions of this paper.The error has been fixed in the paper.

Journal: Scientific reports (2018)
Publication types: Published Erratum
Low Rate of Spontaneous Closure in Premature Infants Discharged with a Patent Ductus Arteriosus: A Multicenter Prospective Study.

S to assess the rate of spontaneous closure and the incidence of adverse events in infants discharged home with a patent ductus arteriosus.Study design in a prospective multicenter study, we enrolled 201 premature infants (gestational age of 23-32 weeks at birth) discharged home with a persistently patent ductus arteriosus (pda) and followed their pda status at 6-month intervals through 18 months of age.The primary study outcome was the rate and timing of spontaneous ductal closure.Secondary outcomes included rate of assisted closure and the incidence of serious adverse events.Results spontaneous ductal closure occurred in 95 infants (47%) at 12 months and 117 infants (58%) by 18 months.Seventeen infants (8.4%) received assisted closure with surgical ligation or device assisted occlusion.Three infants died (1.5%).Although infants with spontaneous closure had a higher mean birth weight and gestational age compared with infants with a persistent pda or assisted closure, we did not identify other factors predictive of spontaneous closure.Conclusions spontaneous closure of the pda occurred in slightly less than one-half of premature infants discharged with a patent ductus by 1 year, lower than prior published reports.The high rate of assisted closure and/or adverse events in this population warrants close surveillance following discharge.Trial registration clinical trials.gov: nct02750228.

Journal: The Journal of pediatrics (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article;Comment