syedzayyan/paper_mill_benchmark huggingface dataset:
Clinical-Forensic Autopsy Findings to Defeat COVID-19 Disease: A Literature Review.

The severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars)-co v-2 was identified for the first time in china, in december 2019.Confirmed cases of covid-19 have been reported around the world; indeed, this infection has been declared a pandemic.Consequently, the scientific community is working hard to gain useful information about the history of this virus, its transmission, diagnosis, clinical features, radiological findings, research and development of candidate therapeutics as well as vaccines.This review aims to analyze the diagnostic techniques used to ascertain the covid-19 infection, critically reviewing positive points and criticism for forensic implications, obviously including autopsy.Finally, this review proposes a practical workflow to be applied in the management of corpses during this outbreak of the covid-19 infection, which could be useful in cases of future infectious disease emergencies.Analyzing the diagnostic methods, to date, virus nucleic acid rt-pcr represents the standard method used to ascertain the covid-19 infection in living subjects and corpses, even if this technique has several criticisms: mainly, the staff should be highly specialized, working in high-throughput settings, able to handle high workloads and aware of health risks and the importance of the results.Thus, ig g/ig m serological tests have been developed, overcoming rt-q pcr duration, costs, and management, not requiring highly trained personnel.Nevertheless, serological tests present problems; the who recommends the use of these new point-of-care immunodiagnostic tests only in research settings.Furthermore, nothing has yet been published regarding the possibility of applying these methods during post-mortem investigations.In light of this scenario, in this review, we suggest a flow chart for the pathologist called on to ascertain the cause of death of a subject with historical and clinical findings of covid-19 status or without any anamnestic, diagnostic, or exposure information.Indeed, the literature data confirmed the analytical vulnerabilities of the kits used for laboratory diagnosis of covid-19, particularly during postmortem examinations.For these reasons, autopsy remains the gold standard method to ascertain the exact cause of death (from or with covid-19 infection, or other causes), to consequently provide real data for statistical evaluations and to take necessary measures to contain the risks of the infection.Moreover, performing autopsies could provide information on the pathogenesis of the covid-19 infection with obvious therapeutic implications.

Journal: Journal of clinical medicine (2020)
Publication types: Journal Article;Review
Simultaneous retrograde venous and anterograde arterial bullet embolism: a case report.

Bullet embolus is a rare condition following gunshot injuries and represents a clinical challenge regarding both diagnosis and management.Case presentation we report the case of a 35-year-old iranian (middle-eastern) male patient with a shotgun injury to both buttocks, which traveled to the heart and the popliteal area through the femoral vein and superficial femoral artery, respectively.Surgical intervention was applied for the popliteal pellet, and the patient was discharged without further complications.Conclusion although bullet emboli can be a clinical challenge, with the advent of modern procedures, removal has become safer.X-ray, computed tomography, and transthoracic and/or transesophageal echocardiography may be used as adjuncts to help establish the diagnosis.

Journal: Journal of medical case reports (2022)
Publication types: Case Reports;Journal Article
Elevated IsoPSA Selects for Clinically Significant Prostate Cancer Without a Preference for Any Particular Adverse Histopathologic or Radiographic Feature.

To explore if elevated iso psa selects for particular adverse radiographic or histopathologic features among men destined to undergo radical prostatectomy (rp) because of clinically significant prostate cancer identified at biopsy.Materials and methods single center, retrospective review of patients who had undergone iso psa testing, prostate biopsy and rp at our institution from 2019-2021.A consecutive cohort of patients whom had undergone rp within the same period without pre-operative iso psa served as controls.Pre-operative prostate magnetic resonance imaging (mri) was included in our analysis.Adverse histopathologic and mri features were compared between both groups.Concordance, downstaging, and upstaging grade group rates (gg) was evaluated.Pearson chi-square test was used to compare categorical variables, wilcoxon-rank sum test for quantitative variables, and binary logistic regression to identify predictors of upstaging at rp.Results eighty-three patients underwent iso psa and rp while 44 patients were controls.The iso psa group had significantly higher pre-operative psa (iso psa group: 7.8 ng/m l vs control group: 5.2 ng/m l, p 6.0) did not select for any specific adverse histopathologic features at rp.Excluding psa density, elevated iso psa was not selective for adverse mri features.There were no differences in concordance, downstaging, and upstaging gg rates from biopsy to rp.Iso psa testing was not a predictor of gg upstaging (odds ratio: 0.63, p .58).Conclusion elevated iso psa is a diagnostic tool that can detect clinically significant prostate at the time of biopsy.In doing so, it does not select for any particular adverse prostate mri or pathologic feature at rp.

Journal: Urology (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
International travel in the pandemic era: Implications for health advice.

International travel is resuming, but the covid-19 pandemic has radically changed the context in terms of regulation, risks and models of travel.Objective providing travel health advice is an important role for general practice.The aim of this article is to cover the changed context and wide-ranging implications of the covid‐19 pandemic for travel health advice.Discussion travel in the covid-19 era requires travellers to be well informed and prepared to comply with complex and evolving public health measures.There are changing patterns of infectious disease risk related to the impacts of the pandemic, increasing antimicrobial resistance and climate change.New models of travel include a shift towards greater environmental sustainability.

Journal: Australian journal of general practice (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
PHIP hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate and [1-13C]acetate esters via PH-INEPT polarization transfer monitored by13C NMR and MRI.

Parahydrogen-induced polarization of13c nuclei by side-arm hydrogenation (phip-sah) for [1-13c]acetate and [1-13c]pyruvate esters with application of ph-inept-type pulse sequences for1h to13c polarization transfer is reported, and its efficiency is compared with that of polarization transfer based on magnetic field cycling (mfc).The pulse-sequence transfer approach may have its merits in some applications because the entire hyperpolarization procedure is implemented directly in an nmr or mri instrument, whereas mfc requires a controlled field variation at low magnetic fields.Optimization of the ph-inept-type transfer sequences resulted in13c polarization values of 0.66 ± 0.04% and 0.19 ± 0.02% for allyl [1-13c]pyruvate and ethyl [1-13c]acetate, respectively, which is lower than the corresponding polarization levels obtained with mfc for1h to13c polarization transfer (3.95 ± 0.05% and 0.65 ± 0.05% for allyl [1-13c]pyruvate and ethyl [1-13c]acetate, respectively).Nevertheless, a significant13c nmr signal enhancement with respect to thermal polarization allowed us to perform13c mr imaging of both biologically relevant hyperpolarized molecules which can be used to produce useful contrast agents for the in vivo imaging applications.

Journal: Scientific reports (2021)
Publication types: Journal Article;Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Heterogeneous Catalytic Hydrogenation of Levulinic Acid to γ-Valerolactone with Formic Acid as Internal Hydrogen Source.

As one of the most promising biomass-based platform molecules, γ-valerolactone (gvl) can be synthesized from a variety of lignocellulosic feedstocks through different hydrogen supply pathways.Among these transformation routes, the hydrogenation of levulinic acid (la) to gvl by using formic acid (fa) as the internal hydrogen source is regarded as a critical path for the sustainable development of renewable energy systems.Although a large number of studies on the synthesis of gvl have been reported, the fa/la catalytic system has not been interpreted as thoroughly as it should be.In this minireview, core concerns are focused on key issues and their effects in this fa/la catalytic system.The catalytic mechanism, together with competitive adsorption behavior between fa and la on heterogeneous catalysts, is presented.The effects of active metal species and catalyst supports on the overall catalytic performance are summarized, and the influences of key condition parameters, including the time, temperature, fa/la molar ratios, and aqueous solvent, are discussed.In particular, impacts and improvements of coke deposition and metal leaching, which could greatly affect the catalyst stability, are analyzed in detail.Additionally, several feasible suggestions for the enhancement of the catalytic efficiency and stability are also proposed.

Journal: ChemSusChem (2020)
Publication types: Journal Article;Review
Comparisons of corneal biomechanical and tomographic parameters among thin normal cornea, forme fruste keratoconus, and mild keratoconus.

To compare the dynamic corneal response (dcr) and tomographic parameters of thin normal cornea (tnc) with thinnest corneal thickness (tct) (≤ 500 μm), forme fruste keratoconus (ffkc) and mild keratoconus (mkc) had their central corneal thickness (cct) matched by scheimpflug imaging (pentacam) and corneal visualization scheimpflug technology (corvis st).Methods cct were matched in 50 eyes with ffkc, 50 eyes with mkc, and 53 tnc eyes with tct ≤ 500 μm.The differences in dcr and tomographic parameters among the three groups were compared.The receiver operating characteristic (roc) curve was used to analyze the diagnostic significance of these parameters.Back propagation (bp) neural network was used to establish the keratoconus diagnosis model.Results fifty cct-matched ffkc eyes, 50 mkc eyes and 50 tnc eyes were included.The age and biomechanically corrected intraocular pressure (b iop) did not differ significantly among the three groups (all p > 0.05).The index of height asymmetry (iha) and height decentration (ihd) differed significantly among the three groups (all p 0.80) to differentiate ffkc and mkc from tnc eyes.Partial dcr parameters showed significant differences between the mkc and tnc groups, and the deflection amplitude of the first applanation (a1da) showed a good potential to differentiate (auc > 0.70) ffkc and mkc from tnc eyes.Diagnosis model by bp neural network showed an accurate diagnostic efficiency of about 91%.Conclusions the majority of the tomographic and dcr parameters differed among the three groups.The ihd and partial dcr parameters assessed by corvis st distinguished ffkc and mkc from tnc when controlled for cct.

Journal: Eye and vision (London, England) (2021)
Publication types: Journal Article
Prevalence of Bullying and its Co-occurrence with Aggression and Mental Health Problems among Greek Adolescents Attending Urban Schools.

Bullying is one widespread violence type that threatens adolescent's well-being in family, school, and neighborhood.This study aimed to estimate the percentages of the last 12 months bullying behaviors- types among greek adolescents, and to identify the associations between these behaviors and adolescents' aggression and mental health- behavioral problems.Study design a cross-sectional study.Methods the sample consisted of 1934 adolescents, attending the second grade of 45 randomly selected public and private high schools and senior high schools, of the greater athens metropolitan area.Bullying involvement was examined by four questions, evaluating the occurrence and type of bullying.The buss and perry questionnaire and strength and difficulties questionnaire were administrated in order to estimate adolescents' aggression and mental health-behavioral problems, respectively.Information about adolescents' individual and family characteristics was also collected.Results overall, 18.4% of participants reported bullying involvement at school, as a victim (11.0%), a bully (5.0%), or both (2.4%), while verbal bullying was the most common type.Compared to uninvolved participants, victims were significantly more likely to report emotional symptoms and peer problems, bullies were more likely to report physical aggression, and bully-victims physical aggression, hostility, and lower prosocial behavior.Conclusions approximately one out of five adolescents were involved in bullying in the past year at school, reporting aggressive behaviors, emotional problems, and/or social difficulties.Further longitudinal research would increase understanding of the mechanisms of bullying involvement and may lead to preventative interventions promoting positive peer interactions in schools.

Journal: Journal of research in health sciences (2021)
Publication types: Journal Article
Normal Tissue Complication Probability Modelling for Toxicity Prediction and Patient Selection in Proton Beam Therapy to the Central Nervous System: A Literature Review.

Normal tissue complication probability (ntcp) models can guide clinical decision making in radiotherapy.In recent years, they have been used for patient selection for proton beam therapy (pbt) for some anatomical tumour sites.This review synthesizes the published evidence regarding the use of ntcp models to predict the toxicity of pbt, for different end points in patients with brain tumours.A search of medline and embase using the patients, intervention, comparison, outcome (pico) criteria was undertaken.In total, 37 articles were deemed relevant and were reviewed in detail.Nineteen articles on ntcp modelling of toxicity end points were included.Of these, 11 were comparative ntcp studies of pbt versus conventional photon radiotherapy (xrt), which evaluated differences in plan dosimetry and then assumed that xrt-derived literature estimates of ntcp would be applicable to both.Seven papers derived ntcp models based on pbt outcome data, two of which provided model parameters.Among analysed end points, the reduced risk of secondary tumours with pbt as compared with xrt is estimated - through modelling studies - to be considerable and was highlighted by most authors.For other analysed end points, the clinical benefit of pbt mainly depends on tumour location in relation to organs at risk as well as prescription doses.Ntcp models can be useful tools for treatment plan comparison.However, most published toxicity data were derived from xrt cohorts; this review has highlighted the need for further studies relating dose-volume parameters to observed toxicity in pbt-treated patients.Specifically, there is a need for pbt-specific ntcp models that can be implemented in the clinical practice.Ntcp models built on robust clinical data for the most common radiotherapy toxicities in the brain would potentially redefine the current indications for pbt.

Journal: Clinical oncology (Royal College of Radiologists (Great Britain)) (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article;Review;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Overexpressed CMTM6 Improves Prognosis and Associated With Immune Infiltrates of Ovarian Cancer.

Ovarian cancer (ov) is an epithelial malignancy that intrigues people for its high mortality and lack of efficient treatment.Chemokine-like factor (cklf)-like marvel transmembrane domain containing 6 (cmtm6) can be observed in various cancers, but its part in ov remains little known.Hence, the prognostic value and underlying mechanism of cmtm6 in ov were preliminarily evaluated.Here, we determined that cmtm6 expression was higher than that in normal controls.However, the upregulation of cmtm6 was associated with better prognosis.Gsea results suggested that cmtm6 is involved in the immune-related and metabolism-related pathways.Go/kegg analysis of cmtm6 coexpressed genes was performed to survey the possible regulatory roles of cmtm6 in ov.Subsequently, cmtm6 expression was positively correlated with the infiltration levels of immune cells and the expression of diverse immune cell marker sets.Importantly, cmtm6 may influence prognosis partially by regulating immune infiltration in ov.Last, copy number variations (cnvs) and dna methylation might prompt the abnormal cmtm6 expression in ov.In conclusion, cmtm6 can serve as a novel prognostic biomarker in patients with ov.

Journal: Frontiers in molecular biosciences (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
Dinuclear cobalt complexes with a redox active biphenyl bridging ligand [Co2(BP)(tqa)2](PF6)2(H4BP = 4,4'-bis(3-tert-butyl-1,2-catechol), tqa = tris(2-quinolylmethyl)amine): structure and magnetic properties.

The biscatechol, h4bp (4,4'-bis(3-tert-butyl-1,2-catechol)) that can directly connect two redox active catechol moieties was synthesized.Also, tris(2-pyridylmethyl)amine (tpa), bis(2-pyridylmethyl)(2-quinolylmethyl)amine (bpqa), (2-pyridylmethyl)bis(2-quinolyl methyl)amine (pbqa), and tris (2-quinolylmethyl)amine (tqa) were synthesized as terminal ligands of the tetracoordinated tripod.In total, five different dinuclear co complexes were synthesized from h4bp with various terminal ligands as follows, [co2(bp)(tpa)2](pf6)2 (1), [co2(bp)(tpa)2](pf6)3 (2), [co2(bp)(bpqa)2](pf6)2 (3), [co2(bp)(pbqa)2](pf6)2 (4), and [co2(bp)(tqa)2](pf6)2 (5).After a one-electron oxidation reaction of complex (1), complex (2), was isolated as a mixed valence state ls co iii-[sq-cat]-ls co iii, with an absorption intensity of about 1370 nm (intervalence charge transfer (ivct) bands) in ch3cn solution.In addition, an investigation of the magnetic properties of the dinuclear co complex (3) with squid showed that the χmt value gradually increased as the temperature increased from 280 to 380 k.Studies in the solid and solution states using electronic spectra, cyclic voltammetry and squid for the above complexes provide clear evidence for three different charge distributions: complexes (1) and (3) are co iii-[cat-cat]-co iii, complex (2) is co iii-[sq-cat]-co iii, complexes (4) and (5) are co ii-[sq-sq]-co ii.Of the five cobalt dinuclear complexes, only complex (3) shows evidence of the temperature dependence of the charge distribution, displaying a thermally induced valence tautomeric transition from the ls co iii-[cat-cat]-ls co iii to hs co ii-[sq-sq]-hs co ii in both solid and solution states.However, this valence tautomeric step is incomplete at 380 k, with the χmt value of hs co ii-[sq-sq]-hs co ii.This suggests that the steric hindrance of the quinolyl rings around the co ion produces a coordination atmosphere that is weaker than that observed with pyridyl rings, which facilitates a change in the co iii ions to co ii.

Journal: Dalton transactions (Cambridge, England : 2003) (2021)
Publication types: Journal Article
Comparison of Whole Blood Cryopreservation Methods for Extensive Flow Cytometry Immunophenotyping.

Fresh blood immunophenotyping by flow cytometry, based on the reliable simultaneous detection of several markers in a cell, is the method of choice to study the circulating human immune system.Especially in large and multicenter studies, high sample quality is difficult to achieve, and adequate collection and storage of samples with fine-tuned whole blood cryopreservation is mandatory.Here, we compared the quality of immunophenotypic data obtained from fresh blood with those obtained after five cryopreservation methods by quantifying the levels of 41 immune cell populations.They comprised b and t lymphocyte subsets and their maturation stages, as well as monocytes and granulocytes.Three methods used fixative solutions and two other methods used dimethyl sulfoxide solutions to preserve cell viability.The fixative methods prevented detection of markers critical for identification of b and t cell subsets, including cd27, cxcr3, and ccr6.The other two methods permitted reliable discrimination of most immune-cell populations in thawed samples, though some cell frequencies varied compared to the corresponding fresh sample.Of those two methods, the one preserving blood in media containing dimethyl sulfoxide produced results that were most similar to those with fresh samples.

Journal: Cells (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't;Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural
Shape-dependent enzyme-like activity of Co3O4nanoparticles and their conjugation with his-tagged EGFR single-domain antibody.

In this study, co3o4nanopolyhedrons, nanocubes, nanoplates and nanorods were synthesized and characterized.Furthermore, the peroxidase- and catalase-like activities of these co3o4nanoparticles (nps) were studied and influence of the exposed crystal planes was explored.According to their morphology and peroxidase-like activity, dimercaptosuccinic acid (dmsa) modified co3o4nanopolyhedrons synthesized via coprecipitation method (co3o4nhs) were selected as a proper candidate for the immunohistochemical (ihc) detection of epidermal growth factor receptor (egfr) expression in non-small cell lung cancer (nsclc) tissues.Bivalent cobalt ions were coupled to the carboxyls on the surface of the obtained co3o4nhs so as to chelate the hexahistidine residues (his-tags) at the c-terminal of egfr single-domain antibodies (egfr sd abs).Finally, the as-obtained egfr sd abs-binding co3o4nhs (co3o4nanoprobes) were successfully applied to the detection of egfr expression in nsclc tissues.

Journal: Colloids and surfaces. B, Biointerfaces (2017)
Publication types: Journal Article
Butterbur Leaves Attenuate Memory Impairment and Neuronal Cell Damage in Amyloid Beta-Induced Alzheimer's Disease Models.

Alzheimer's disease (ad) is the most prevalent neurodegenerative disease, and is characterized by the accumulation of amyloid beta (aβ) as a pathological hallmark.Aβ plays a central role in neuronal degeneration and synaptic dysfunction through the generation of excessive oxidative stress.In the present study, we explored whether leaves of petasites japonicus(siebold & zucc.) maxim.(pl), called butterbur and traditionally used in folk medicine, show neuroprotective action against aβ25−35plaque neurotoxicity in vitro and in vivo.We found that pl protected aβ25−35plaque-induced neuronal cell death and intracellular reactive oxygen species generation in ht22 cells by elevating expression levels of phosphorylated cyclic amp response element-binding protein, heme oxygenase-1, and nad(p)h quinine dehydrogenase 1.These neuroprotective effects of pl were also observed in aβ25−35plaque-injected ad mouse models.Moreover, administration of pl diminished aβ25−35plaque-induced synaptic dysfunction and memory impairment in mice.These findings lead us to suggest that pl can protect neurons against aβ25−35plaque-induced neurotoxicity and thus may be a potential candidate to regulate the progression of ad.

Journal: International journal of molecular sciences (2018)
Publication types: Journal Article