syedzayyan/paper_mill_benchmark huggingface dataset:
Chip-based ion chromatography (chip-IC) with a sensitive five-electrode conductivity detector for the simultaneous detection of multiple ions in drinking water.

The emerging need for accurate, efficient, inexpensive, and multiparameter monitoring of water quality has led to interest in the miniaturization of benchtop chromatography systems.This paper reports a chip-based ion chromatography (chip-ic) system in which the microvalves, sample channel, packed column, and conductivity detector are all integrated on a polymethylmethacrylate (pmma) chip.A laser-based bonding technique was developed to guarantee simultaneous robust sealing between the homogeneous and heterogeneous interfaces.A five-electrode-based conductivity detector was presented to improve the sensitivity for nonsuppressed anion detection.Common anions (f-, cl-, no3-, and so42-) were separated in less than 8 min, and a detection limit (lod) of 0.6 mg l-1was achieved for so42-.Tap water was also analyzed using the proposed chip-ic system, and the relative deviations of the quantified concentration were less than 10% when compared with that a commercial ic system.

Journal: Microsystems & nanoengineering (2020)
Publication types: Journal Article
Improved storage mitigates vulnerability to food-supply shocks in smallholder agriculture during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Millions of smallholder farmers in low-income countries are highly vulnerable to food-supply shocks, and reducing this vulnerability remains challenging in view of climatic changes.Restrictions to limit the spread of the covid-19 pandemic produced a severe supply-side shock in rural areas of sub-saharan africa, including through frictions in agricultural markets.We use a large-scale field experiment to examine the effects of improved on-farm storage on household food security during covid-19 restrictions.Based on text message survey data we find that the prevalence of food insecurity increased in control group households during covid-19 restrictions (coinciding with the agricultural lean season).In treatment households, equipped with an improved on-farm storage technology and training in its use, food insecurity was lower during covid-19 restrictions.This underscores the benefits of improved on-farm storage for mitigating vulnerability to food-supply shocks.These insights are relevant for the larger, long-term question of climate change adaptation, and also regarding trade-offs between public health protection and food security.

Journal: Global food security (2021)
Publication types: Journal Article
15-PGDH regulates hematopoietic and gastrointestinal fitness during aging.

Emerging evidence implicates the eicosanoid molecule prostaglandin e2 (pge2) in conferring a regenerative phenotype to multiple organ systems following tissue injury.As aging is in part characterized by loss of tissue stem cells' regenerative capacity, we tested the hypothesis that the prostaglandin-degrading enzyme 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (15-pgdh) contributes to the diminished organ fitness of aged mice.Here we demonstrate that genetic loss of 15-pgdh (hpgd) confers a protective effect on aging of murine hematopoietic and gastrointestinal (gi) tissues.Aged mice lacking 15-pgdh display increased hematopoietic output as assessed by peripheral blood cell counts, bone marrow and splenic stem cell compartments, and accelerated post-transplantation recovery compared to their wt counterparts.Loss of hpgd expression also resulted in enhanced gi fitness and reduced local inflammation in response to colitis.Together these results suggest that 15-pgdh negatively regulates aged tissue regeneration, and that 15-pgdh inhibition may be a viable therapeutic strategy to ameliorate age-associated loss of organ fitness.

Journal: PloS one (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article;Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Reducing risk ofClostridium difficileinfection and overall use of antibiotic in the outpatient treatment of urinary tract infection.

Risk of community-acquired clostridium difficileinfection (ca-cdi) following antibiotic treatment specifically for urinary tract infection (uti) has not been evaluated.Methods we conducted a nested case-control study at kaiser permanente northern california, 2007-2010, to assess antibiotic prescribing and other factors in relation to risk of ca-cdi in outpatients with uncomplicated uti.Cases were diagnosed with ca-cdi within 90 days of antibiotic use.We used matched controls and confirmed case-control eligibility through chart review.Antibiotics were classified as ciprofloxacin (most common), or low risk (nitrofurantoin, sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim), moderate risk, or high risk (e.g.Cefpodoxime, ceftriaxone, clindamycin) for cdi.We computed the adjusted odds ratios (ors) and 95% confidence intervals (cis) for the relationship of antibiotic treatment for uncomplicated uti and history of relevant gastrointestinal comorbidity (including gastrointestinal diagnoses, procedures, and gastric acid suppression treatment) with risk of ca-cdi using logistic regression analysis.Results despite the large population, only 68 cases were confirmed with ca-cdi for comparison with 112 controls.Female sex [81% of controls, adjusted odds ratio (or) 6.3, ci 1.7-24), past gastrointestinal comorbidity (prevalence 39%, or 2.3, ci 1.1-4.8), and nongastrointestinal comorbidity (prevalence 6%, or 2.8, ci 1.4-5.6) were associated with increased ca-cdi risk.Compared with low-risk antibiotic, the adjusted ors for antibiotic groups were as follows: ciprofloxacin, 2.7 (ci 1.0-7.2); moderate-risk antibiotics, 3.6 (ci 1.2-11); and high-risk antibiotics, 11.2 (ci 2.4-52).Conclusions lower-risk antibiotics should be used for uti whenever possible, particularly in patients with a gastrointestinal comorbidity.However, uti can be managed through alternative approaches.Research into the primary prevention of uti is urgently needed.

Journal: Therapeutic advances in urology (2018)
Publication types: Journal Article
Advanced oxidation processes in microreactors for water and wastewater treatment: Development, challenges, and opportunities.

The miniaturization of reaction processes by microreactors offers many significant advantages over the use of larger, conventional reactors.Microreactors' interior structures exhibit comparatively higher surface area-to-volume ratios, which reduce reactant diffusion distances, enable faster and more efficient heat and mass transfer, and better control over process conditions.These advantages can be exploited to significantly enhance the performance of advanced oxidation processes (aops) commonly used for the removal of water pollutants.This comprehensive review of the rapidly emerging area of environmental microfluidics describes recent advances in the development and application of microreactors to aops for water and wastewater treatment.Consideration is given to the hydrodynamic properties, construction materials, fabrication techniques, designs, process features, and upscaling of microreactors used for aops.The use of microreactors for various aop types, including photocatalytic, electrochemical, fenton, ozonation, and plasma-phase processes, showcases how microfluidic technology enhances mass transfer, improves treatment efficiency, and decreases the consumption of energy and chemicals.Despite significant advancements of microreactor technology, organic pollutant degradation mechanisms that operate during microscale aops remain poorly understood.Moreover, limited throughput capacity of microreactor systems significantly restrains their industrial-scale applicability.Since large microreactor-inspired aop systems are needed to meet the high-throughput requirements of the water treatment sector, scale-up strategies and recommendations are suggested as priority research opportunities.While microstructured reactor technology remains in an early stage of development, this work offers valuable insight for future research and development of aops in microreactors for environmental purposes.

Journal: Water research (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article;Review
Use of Foaming Disinfectants and Cleaners to Reduce Aerobic Bacteria and Salmonella on Poultry Transport Coops.

Transport coops are infrequently washed and have been demonstrated to cross-contaminate broiler carcasses.We hypothesized that peracetic acid or a chlorinated cleaner, commonly used within poultry processing plants, can also be used to disinfect transport coops when applied via a compressed air foam system (cafs).A mixture of fresh layer manure and concentrated salmonella typhimurium (st) was evenly applied to the floors of four pre-cleaned transport coops and allowed to dry for thirty minutes.Treatments consisted of a (1) water rinse only, (2) product application with a water rinse, (3) product application followed by power washing and (4) power washing followed by application of product.Each foaming treatment was applied with a compressed air foam system and allowed 10 min of contact time.Samples were aseptically collected from the transport coops prior to and following treatment using a sterile 2 × 2-inch stainless steel template and a gauze swab pre-enriched with buffered peptone water.The chlorinated cleaner significantly (p< 0.05) reduced aerobic bacteria and st by 3.18 to 4.84 logs across application methods.The peroxyacetic acid (paa) disinfectant significantly (p< 0.05) reduced aerobic bacteria and st by 3.99 to 5.17 logs across application methods.These data indicate that a compressed air foam system may be used in combination with a commercially available cleaner or disinfectant to reduce aerobic bacteria and st on the surfaces of commercial poultry transport coops.

Journal: Animals : an open access journal from MDPI (2018)
Publication types: Journal Article
Anacardic acid encapsulated solid lipid nanoparticles for Staphylococcus aureus biofilm therapy: chitosan and DNase coating improves antimicrobial activity.

Biofilm mediated bacterial infections are the key factors in the progression of infectious diseases due to the evolution of antimicrobial resistance.Traditional therapy involving antibiotics is not adequate enough for treatment of such infections due to the increased resistance triggered by biofilm.To overcome this challenge, we developed anacardic acid (ana) loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (slns), further coated with chitosan and dnase (ana-slns-ch-dnase).The dnase coating was hypothesized to degrade the e-dna, while chitosan was coated to yield positively charged slns with additional adhesion to biofilms.The slns were developed using homogenization method and further evaluated for particle size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, and entrapment efficiency.Drug excipient compatibility was confirmed by using ft-ir study, while encapsulation of ana in slns was confirmed by x-ray diffraction study.The slns demonstrated sustained release for up to 24 h and excellent stability at room temperature for up to 3 months.The developed slns were found non-toxic against human immortalized keratinocyte (ha ca t) cells while demonstrated remarkably higher antimicrobial efficacy against staphylococcus aureus.Excellent effect of the developed slns on minimum biofilm inhibition concentration and minimum biofilm eradication concentration further confirmed the superiority of the developed formulation strategy.A significant (p < 0.05) reduction in biofilm thickness and biomass, as confirmed by confocal laser scanning microscopy, was observed in the case of developed slns in comparison with control.Cumulatively, the results suggest the enhanced efficacy of the developed formulation strategy to overcome the biofilm-mediated antimicrobial resistance.Graphical abstract.

Journal: Drug delivery and translational research (2021)
Publication types: Journal Article;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Primary leiomyosarcoma of the sigmoid colon: Case report and review of literature.

Leiomyosarcomas of the sigmoid colon are aggressive and extremely rare tumors representing less than 0.1% of all colorectal malignancies.Few cases have been reported in the literature and their imaging features need to be more detailed.We report the case of a 70 year old male patient, smoker, with a history of arterial hypertension, admitted for abdominal pain and hypogastric mass.Computed tomography has shown a voluminous heterogeneously enhancing tumor process with a necrotic center, attached to the sigmoid wall, with multiple secondary peritoneal and hepatic masses.The anatomopathological examination of the biopsy sample with immunohistochemistry allowed the diagnosis of leiomyosarcoma of the sigmoid colon.Clinical presentation and radiological features of leiomyosarcomas are non-specific, and the definitive diagnosis is only established after an anatomopathological examination.

Journal: Radiology case reports (2022)
Publication types: Case Reports;Journal Article
FFCD 1709-SIRTCI phase II trial: Selective internal radiation therapy plus Xelox, Bevacizumab and Atezolizumab in liver-dominant metastatic colorectal cancer.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ici) have high efficacy in metastatic colorectal cancer (m crc) with microsatellite instability (msi) but not in microsatellite stable (mss) tumour due to the low tumour mutational burden.Selective internal radiation therapy (sirt) could enhance neoantigen production thus triggering systemic anti-tumoral immune response (abscopal effect).In addition, oxalipatin can induce immunogenic cell death and bevacizumab can decrease the exhaustion of tumour infiltrating lymphocyte.In combination, these treatments could act synergistically to sensitize mss m crcs to ici sirtci is a prospective, multicentre, open-label, phase ii, non-comparative single-arm study evaluating the efficacy and safety of sirt plus xelox, bevacizumab and atezolizumab (anti-programmed death-ligand 1) in patients with liver-dominant mss m crc.The primary objective is progression-free survival at 9 months.The main inclusion criteria are patients with mss m crc with liver-dominant disease, initially unresectable disease and with no prior oncologic treatment for metastatic disease.The trial started in november 2020 and has included 10 out of the 52 planned patients.

Journal: Digestive and liver disease : official journal of the Italian Society of Gastroenterology and the Italian Association for the Study of the Liver (2022)
Publication types: Clinical Trial, Phase II;Journal Article;Multicenter Study
Mental Workload in Neuropsychology: An Example With the NASA-TLX in Adults With HIV.

A preliminary set of analyses are presented, where workload was examined in 32 adults infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv).Like the current covid-19 pandemic (caused by the sars-co v-2 virus), hiv can produce a wide variety of symptoms, including various levels of cognitive dysfunction.In fact, a recent meta-analysis estimates that of the 39 million adults infected globally with hiv, 42.6% exhibit some form of hiv-associated neurocognitive disorder.A common cognitive symptom in hiv is decline in attention and executive functioning.Though typically examined by clinicians with less precise traditional paper-and-pencil neuropsychological tests, we examined this aspect of cognitive functioning using a more psychometrically sophisticated task as we had hiv-positive adults perform a computerized tracking task in single, dual, and tri-task conditionsviathe multi-attribute task (mat) battery.Also assessed was mental workload, with the nasa-task load index (nasa-tlx), rarely used in neuropsychology but a standard tool in human factors and neuroergonomics research.As expected, tracking performance declined with task condition difficulty (p< 0.001).Although no direct statistical comparisons were made, mat performance here appeared worse than the mat performance of various other groups reported in the research literature and in our laboratory.Ratings of workload also tended to increase as a function of task condition difficulty (p< 0.001).Plotting mat tracking performance against the mental demand subscale scores, large individual differences in this aspect of workload were evident in both optimal and sub-optimal tracking performance.To examine likely variables with a potential impact on mental demand, a variety of variables (nadir cd4 count, viral load, depression symptoms, diagnosis of aids, presence of opportunistic infection, general cognitive status, etc.) were examined in relation to the mental demand scale, with age showing a significant association (r= 0.41,p= 0.022) and a diagnosis of aids showing trend associations (ps ≥ 0.066).Findings suggesting a deficit in metacognition or insight are also discussed.It is argued that assessment of workload (and its various aspects or components) can provide valuable additional information in neuropsychology.

Journal: Frontiers in neuroergonomics (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
Rescue endovascular treatment for rapid regrowth of aneurysm remnant on middle cerebral artery trunk after unsuccessful surgical clipping in patients with a ruptured cerebral aneurysm: A report of two cases.

We report two rare cases treated with coiling after rapid regrowth (within a month) of an aneurysm remnant on the middle cerebral artery (mca) trunk after incomplete surgical clipping.The first case, a 47-year-old man with subarachonoid hemorrhage (sah) (hunt-hess grade ii, fisher grade iii) underwent clipping of a ruptured saccular aneurysm with a wide neck on the right early frontal branch arising from the mca trunk.Incomplete clipping with a 1 mm sized remnant neck was performed to avoid sacrificing the lenticulostriate artery.In a follow-up cerebral angiogram on postoperative day 30, a rapid regrowth of the aneurysm remnant was observed, and on that day, complete obliteration was obtained by rescue endovascular treatment.The second case, a 48-year-old healthy woman with sah (hunt-hess grade ii, fisher grade iii) underwent clipping of an anteroposteriorly projecting bilobulated aneurysm on the left m1.Incomplete clipping with a minimal remnant neck was performed.In follow-up digital subtraction angiogram on postoperative day 30, a rapid regrowth of an aneurysm remnant involving only a part of the initial aneurysm near the neck was observed, and on that day, complete obliteration was obtained by rescue coiling.These patients were both discharged without any neurological deficits.

Journal: Journal of cerebrovascular and endovascular neurosurgery (2021)
Publication types: Case Reports;Journal Article
Spatiotemporal analysis of solar ultraviolet radiation based on Ozone Monitoring Instrument dataset in Iran, 2005-2019.

The solar ultraviolet radiation (uvr) at national, provincial and county levels in iran during 2005-2019 were determined based on ozone monitoring instrument (omi) dataset.The temporal (annual and monthly) trends and spatial distributions of the uvr in terms of erythemally weighted daily dose (edd), erythemally weighted irradiance at local solar noon time (edr), and uv index and the major factors influencing the spatiotemporal trends were analyzed.The population-weighted average values of edd, edr, and uv index in iran were respectively 3631 j/m2, 176.3 m w/m2, 7.1 in 2005 and rose by 0.22% per year to 3744 j/m2, 181.7 m w/m2, and 7.3, respectively in 2019, but the annual trend was not statistically significant.The edd in iran during the study period exhibited the highest monthly average value in june (6339 j/m2) and the lowest one in december (1263 j/m2).The solar uva/uvb ratios at the national level during 2005-2019 were considerably lower in summer.The edd provincial average values in the study period were in the range of 2717 (gilan) to 4424 j/m2(fars).The spatiotemporal variations of the solar uvr parameters were well described by the linear models as a function of cloud optical thickness (cot), ozone column amount, surface albedo, latitude, and altitude (r2> 0.961, p value < 0.001) and the temporal changes of the solar uvr parameters were mainly caused by the cot.The results indicated that non-burning exposure to solar uvr in summer can be more efficient for vitamin d synthesis due to higher contribution of uvb in the solar uvr.The spatial distributions and temporal trends should be considered to determine the optimal duration, time and condition of exposure to the solar uvr for the public and occupational training and public health measures.

Journal: Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987) (2021)
Publication types: Journal Article
Gastrointestinal parasites of six large mammals in the Wasgomuwa National Park, Sri Lanka.

Gastrointestinal (gi) parasites may impose detrimental consequences on wildlife populations due to their capacity to cause mortality and reduce fitness.Additionally, wild animals play an important role in the transmission of zoonoses.Despite this importance, information on gi parasites of tropical wild mammals is critically lacking.The present study aimed to document gi parasites of six wild-dwelling large mammal taxa in sri lanka: asian elephant (elephas maximus), sloth bear (melursus ursinus), civet (paradoxurussp.), leopard (panthera pardus), grey langur (semnopithecus priam) and buffalo (bubalussp).Fresh faecal samples (n = 56) collected from the wasgomuwa national park, sri lanka were subjected to coprological examination using faecal smears, and the brine floatation technique followed by microscopic identification; quantitative data were accrued using the formol-ether method.The survey revealed a high prevalence of gi parasites, where 86% (48/56) of faecal samples screened positive for parasitic infections.Faecal samples of the civet, buffalo and leopard recorded 100% prevalence, while the lowest (40%) was recorded for the grey langur.Eight types of gi parasites were documented: protozoan cysts, platyhelminth ova (three types of digenean and a single cyclophillidean type), nematode ova (strongyle, strongyloid, ascarid, and trichuroid types) and rhabditiform larvae.The buffaloes and civets had a comparatively high number and diversity of gi parasites (buffalo: 7 types, h' = 1.02; civet: 6 types, h' = 1.52), whilst only a single type (digenean) was detected in the grey langur.Likewise, parasite loads were also highly variable; highest in the bear (486 per g faeces) and lowest in the monkey (10 per g faeces).The outcome of this survey is important on two accounts; i) to fill the knowledge gap on gi parasites of tropical wild mammals, and ii) the revelation of many first-time parasite-host records for some of the threatened wild-dwelling large mammals in sri lanka.

Journal: International journal for parasitology. Parasites and wildlife (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article