syedzayyan/paper_mill_benchmark huggingface dataset:
Differences in Awareness of Disease Between Young-onset and Late-onset Dementia.

Introduction awareness of disease is the ability to acknowledge changes caused by deficits related to the disease process.We aimed to investigate whether there are differences in awareness of disease between young-onset dementia (yod) and late-onset dementia (lod) and examined how awareness interacts with cognitive and clinical variables.Materials and methods using a cross-sectional design, 49 people with yod and 83 with lod and their caregivers were included.We assessed awareness of disease, cognition, functionality, stage of dementia, mood, neuropsychiatric symptoms, and caregivers' quality of life (qo l) and burden.Results we found that people with yod were more aware of the disease than people with lod (p<0.005).Multivariate linear regression revealed that higher impairment in functional level was associated with unawareness in both groups (yod=p<0.001; lod=p<0.001).In the yod group, preserved awareness was related to worse self-reported qo l (p<0.05), whereas, in lod, deficits in awareness were related to caregivers' worst perceptions about people with dementia qo l (p<0.001).Conclusions the findings highlight the distinct nature of awareness between yod and lod.The yod group had higher levels of disease awareness compared with the lod group, even though the first group had a greater impairment in functionality.

Journal: Alzheimer disease and associated disorders (2019)
Publication types: Journal Article;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Perioperative Cefazolin Prophylaxis in Pediatric Cardiac Surgery: A Prospective, Cohort Study.

This study's objective was to determine the effect of age, prolonged bypass, and hypothermia on serum cefazolin concentrations in children undergoing cardiac surgery.Methods a prospective, single-center, observational study was conducted, examining children undergoing cardiac surgery.Participants received cefazolin intravenously approximately 1 hour before skin incision, 3 hourly intraoperatively, and 8 hourly postoperatively.Blood samples were collected at 6 to 8 time points intraoperatively and at 6 time points in the first 24 hours postoperatively.Target unbound serum cefazolin concentrations were 2 mg/l.Results sixty-eight patients were enrolled in the study, and 64 were included in the analysis.All maintained concentrations ≥ 2 mg/l throughout the operation.Nineteen patients (30%) did not maintain concentrations ≥ 2 mg/l in the first 24 hours after surgery.Older, larger children (p < .0001) were significantly less likely to achieve target unbound serum cefazolin concentrations.Conclusions intraoperative cefazolin concentrations reached the target concentration in all pediatric cardiac surgical cases.Postoperative cefazolin dosing appears to be insufficient to achieve minimum inhibitory concentrations in many patients.

Journal: The Annals of thoracic surgery (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article;Observational Study
Effects of replacement therapies with clotting factors in patients with hemophilia: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Different prophylactic and episodic clotting factor treatments are used in the management of hemophilia.A summarize of the evidence is needed inform decision-making.Objective to compare the effects of factor replacement therapies in patients with hemophilia.Methods we performed a systematic search in pub med, central cochrane library, and scopus.We included randomized controlled trials (rcts) published up to december 2020, which compared different factor replacement therapies in patients with hemophilia.Random-effects meta-analyses were performed whenever possible.The certainty of the evidence was assessed using the grading of recommendations assessment, development, and evaluation (grade) methodology.The study protocol was registered in prospero (crd42021225857).Results nine rcts were included in this review, of which six compared episodic with prophylactic treatment, all of them performed in patients with hemophilia a.Pooled results showed that, compared to the episodic treatment group, the annualized bleeding rate was lower in the low-dose prophylactic group (ratio of means [rm]: 0.27, 95% ci: 0.17 to 0.43), intermediate-dose prophylactic group (rm: 0.15, 95% ci: 0.07 to 0.36), and high-dose prophylactic group (rm: 0.07, 95% ci: 0.04 to 0.13).With significant difference between these subgroups (p = 0.003, i2 = 82.9%).In addition, compared to the episodic treatment group, the annualized joint bleeding rate was lower in the low-dose prophylactic group (rm: 0.17, 95% ci: 0.06 to 0.43), intermediate-dose prophylactic group (rm of 0.14, 95% ci: 0.07 to 0.27), and high-dose prophylactic group (rm of 0.08, 95% ci: 0.04 to 0.16).Without significant subgroup differences.The certainty of the evidence was very low for all outcomes according to grade methodology.The other studies compared different types of clotting factor concentrates (cfcs), assessed pharmacokinetic prophylaxis, or compared different frequencies of medication administration.Conclusions our results suggest that prophylactic treatment (at either low, intermediate, or high doses) is superior to episodic treatment for bleeding prevention.In patients with hemophilia a, the bleeding rate seems to have a dose-response effect.However, no study compared different doses of prophylactic treatment, and all results had a very low certainty of the evidence.Thus, future studies are needed to confirm these results and inform decision making.

Journal: PloS one (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article;Meta-Analysis;Systematic Review
The Impact of Visual and Cognitive Dual-Task Demands on Traffic Perception During Road Crossing of Older and Younger Pedestrians.

With the help of the current experiment, we wanted to learn more about the impact of visually demanding vs.Cognitively demanding secondary tasks on the attention allocation of older pedestrians during the phase of traffic perception within the process of road crossing.For this purpose, we used two different road crossing tasks as well as two different secondary tasks.The road crossing "stop task" was a signal detection task, where an approaching car had to be detected.The road crossing "go task" was a dynamic visual search task, where the resolution of a busy road situation had to be identified.The visual secondary task was a static visual search task and the cognitive secondary task was a 1-back (memory) task.One younger group (≤ 30 years) and one older group (≥ 65 years) of participants completed the tasks as single vs.Dual-tasks in all possible combinations.Performance was measured through errors and response time; in addition, the subjective workload was assessedvia nasa-tlx.Analyses show that the visual secondary task reduces performance in the road crossing more strongly than the cognitive task, while the visual task itself is less impaired by the road crossing tasks than is the cognitive task.Overall, performance diminishes from single to dual-task completion.Results further indicate age effects in terms of increased errors and response time for older compared to younger participants.In addition to these age effects, age-specific dual-task effects emerge for response time in the go task along with the visual task as well as for response time in the cognitive task along with the go task.Subjective workload is higher in the dual-task conditions than in the single tasks.Findings are discussed with regard to theoretical and practical implications.

Journal: Frontiers in psychology (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
Association Between Trp64Arg Polymorphism of Beta-3 Adrenergic Receptor Gene and Susceptibility to Overactive Bladder: A Meta-Analysis.

Some studies have been carried out to investigate the association between trp64arg polymorphism in beta-3 adrenergic receptor gene (adrb3) and susceptibility to overactive bladder (oab), but the results remain inconsistent.We carried out a meta-analysis to acquire a more accurate estimation.methods:all eligible studies were searched in pub med, web of science, embase, and cochrane library.Pooled odds ratios, with 95% confidence intervals, were assessed for the association using fixed and random effects models.results:the overall results of this meta-analysis demonstrated that there might be an association between trp64arg polymorphism and susceptibility to oab in allele model, dominant model, and heterozygote comparison with a relative risk of 2.00 (95% ci 1.36-2.93), 2.13 (95% ci 1.20-3.76), and 2.07 (95% ci: 1.13-3.79), respectively.However, in the recessive model and homozygote comparison, no significant association between esr1trp64arg polymorphism and susceptibility to oab was observed, with a relative risk of 2.47 (95% ci 0.63-9.73) and 3.12 (95% ci: 0.79-12.35), respectively.Based on trail sequential analysis, the results turned out to be true positive in the allele model, false positive in the dominant model and heterozygote comparison, and negative in the recessive model and homozygote comparison, respectively.conclusion:our analysis indicated that trp64arg polymorphisms in adrb3might increase the risk of oab twice in the allele model, but further well-designed studies with large sample sizes are required to confirm the present findings in other modes and comparisons.

Journal: Frontiers in genetics (2022)
Publication types: Systematic Review;Journal Article
The complete chloroplast genome sequence ofMichelia wilsonii: an endangered species in China.

The first complete chloroplast genome (cp dna) sequence of michelia wilsoniiwas determined from illumina hi seq pair-end sequencing data in this study.The cp dna is 160,100 bp in length, contains a large single-copy region (lsc) of 88,162 bp and a small single-copy region (ssc) of 18,786 bp, which were separated by a pair of inverted repeats (ir) regions of 26,576 bp.The genome contains 132 genes, including 87 protein-coding genes, 8 ribosomal rna genes, and 37 transfer rna genes.Further phylogenomic analysis showed that m.Wilsoniiclosed to michelia odoraand michelia yunnanensisin michelieaetribe of the magnoliaceae family.

Journal: Mitochondrial DNA. Part B, Resources (2020)
Publication types: Journal Article
German National Guideline on the management of pilonidal disease: update 2020.

The present german national guideline is an updated version of previous guideline published in 2014.It aims to compare various treatment methods and to assist physicians with evidence-based recommendations.Methods systemic literature review.Results three types of disease manifestation could be differentiated: asymptomatic disease, an acute abscess, and the chronic pilonidal disease.At present, there is no treatment method fulfilling all desired criteria: simple, painless procedure associated with rapid wound healing, and low recurrence rate.Thus, treatment modality should be tailored to disease manifestation and extent.Conclusion asymptomatic pilonidal disease should not be treated.A pilonidal abscess should be unroofed.After resolution of the acute inflammation, the disease should be treated definitely.As for today, sinus excision is the standard treatment of the chronic pilonidal disease.Wide excision and open treatment of chronic disease is a safe procedure which, however, leads to prolonged secondary healing and time off-work, as well as to considerable recurrence rate.The extent of excision should be as limited as possible.Excision and midline wound closure is associated with impaired outcomes.Today, it has become obsolete.Minimally invasive procedures (e.g., pit picking surgery) represent a treatment option for chronic pilonidal disease.However, the recurrence rate is higher compared to excision procedures.Nevertheless, they may be used for small primary disease.Off-midline procedures should be used for disease not suitable for minimally invasive treatments.The limberg flap and the karydakis procedure are two best described methods which are associated with similar short- and long-term results.

Journal: Langenbeck's archives of surgery (2021)
Publication types: Journal Article;Review
Measuring Daily Activity Rhythms in Young Adults at Risk of Affective Instability Using Passively Collected Smartphone Data: Observational Study.

Irregularities in circadian rhythms have been associated with adverse health outcomes.The regularity of rhythms can be quantified using passively collected smartphone data to provide clinically relevant biomarkers of routine.Objective this study aims to develop a metric to quantify the regularity of activity rhythms and explore the relationship between routine and mood, as well as demographic covariates, in an outpatient psychiatric cohort.Methods passively sensed smartphone data from a cohort of 38 young adults from the penn or children's hospital of philadelphia lifespan brain institute and outpatient psychiatry clinic at the university of pennsylvania were fitted with 2-state continuous-time hidden markov models representing active and resting states.The regularity of routine was modeled as the hour-of-the-day random effects on the probability of state transition (ie, the association between the hour-of-the-day and state membership).A regularity score, activity rhythm metric, was calculated from the continuous-time hidden markov models and regressed on clinical and demographic covariates.Results regular activity rhythms were associated with longer sleep durations (p=.009), older age (p=.001), and mood (p=.049).Conclusions passively sensed activity rhythm metrics are an alternative to existing metrics but do not require burdensome survey-based assessments.Low-burden, passively sensed metrics based on smartphone data are promising and scalable alternatives to traditional measurements.

Journal: JMIR formative research (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
Maternal exposure to polystyrene nanoplastics causes brain abnormalities in progeny.

As global plastic production continues to grow, microplastics released from a massive quantity of plastic wastes have become a critical environmental concern.These microplastic particles are found in a wide range of living organisms in a diverse array of ecosystems.In this study, we investigated the biological effects of polystyrene nanoplastic (psnp) on development of the central nervous system using cultured neural stem cells (nscs) and mice exposed to psnp during developmental stages.Our study demonstrates that maternal administration of psnp during gestation and lactating periods altered the functioning of nscs, neural cell compositions, and brain histology in progeny.Similarly, psnp-induced molecular and functional defects were also observed in cultured nscs in vitro.Finally, we show that the abnormal brain development caused by exposure to high concentrations of psnp results in neurophysiological and cognitive deficits in a gender-specific manner.Our data demonstrate the possibility that exposure to high amounts of psnp may increase the risk of neurodevelopmental defects.

Journal: Journal of hazardous materials (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Integrating active and passive monitoring to assess sublethal effects and mortality from lead poisoning in birds of prey.

The ingestion of lead (pb) ammunition is the most important exposure pathway to this metal in birds and involve negative consequences to their health.We have performed a passive monitoring of pb poisoning in birds of prey by measuring liver (n = 727) and blood (n = 32) pb levels in individuals of 16 species found dead or sick in spain between 2004 and 2020.We also performed an active monitoring by measuring blood pb levels and biomarkers of haem biosynthesis, phosphorus (p) and calcium (ca) metabolism, oxidative stress and immune function in individuals (n = 194) of 9 species trapped alive in the field between 2016 and 2017.Passive monitoring results revealed some species with liver pb levels associated with severe clinical poisoning (>30 μg/g d.w.Of pb): eurasian griffon vulture (27/257, 10.5%), red kite (1/132, 0.8%), golden eagle (4/38, 10.5%), and northern goshawk (1/8, 12.5%).The active monitoring results showed that individuals of bearded vulture (1/3, 33.3%), eurasian griffon vulture (87/118, 73.7%), spanish imperial eagle (1/6, 16.7%) and red kite (1/18, 5.6%) had abnormal blood pb levels (>20 μg/d l).Blood pb levels increased with age, and both monitoring methods showed seasonality in pb exposure associated with a delayed effect of the hunting season.In eurasian griffon, blood pb concentration was associated with lower δ-alad activity in blood and p levels in plasma, and with higher blood lipid peroxidation and plasma carotenoid levels in agreement with other experimental and field studies in pb-exposed birds.The study reveals that pb poisoning is a significant cause of death and sublethal effects on haem biosynthesis, p metabolism and oxidative stress in birds of prey in spain.

Journal: The Science of the total environment (2021)
Publication types: Journal Article
Impact of Pharmaceutical Education on Medication Adherence and Its Clinical Efficacy in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes and Systemic Arterial Hypertension.

To evaluate the impact of pharmaceutical education on medication adherence in patients with type 2 diabetes and systemic arterial hypertension.Patients and methods this randomized clinical trial enrolled patients with a diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus and systemic arterial hypertension treated in an internal medicine outpatient clinic of a teaching hospital.One hundred and three patients were randomly assigned to the study groups; 51 to the control group and 52 to the intervention group with a 6 months follow-up.Medication adherence was assessed using the morisky 8-item medication adherence scale.To improve patient adherence to treatment, a wallet card was provided with an up-to-date list of prescribed medications along with recommendations for follow-up care.Results one hundred and seventy-nine patients were screened for eligibility, of which 103 (57.5%) participated in the study.The intervention group showed a statistically significant decrease in capillary glucose levels, glycated hemoglobin, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, total cholesterol and triglycerides compared to the control group.The frequencies on medication adherence levels at 3 and 6 months in the control group remained similar to baseline, while in the intervention group the frequency of high adherence increased significantly at 6 months (8.7% to 43.5%).Conclusion a high percentage of patients are not achieving optimal control of their diabetes.Medication adherence rates were between 45-50% in patients at the baseline of the study, but after receiving education and support from a pharmacist, the intervened group showed a significant increase in their adherence.

Journal: Patient preference and adherence (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
Sleep in children with refractory epilepsy and epileptic encephalopathies: A systematic review of literature.

Children with epilepsy have more sleep disorders compared to healthy children.The bidirectional interaction between epilepsy and sleep is not completely understood.However, disruption of sleep architecture during childhood may have consequences for cognitive development.As children with drug-refractory epilepsy often have intellectual disability, sleep disruption could be an important contributing factor in severity of their cognitive impairment.To better understand these interactions, sleep architecture in children with drug-refractory epilepsy and epileptic encephalopathies should be investigated.In this review, we conducted a systematic literature search on this topic.Articles that investigated sleep macro- and/or microstructure by means of electroencephalogram/polysomnography were included, as well as articles that used validated questionnaires.Sixteen articles were reviewed, eight of which used polysomnography.Only 2 articles examined sleep in children with epileptic encephalopathies.Consistent findings on measures of sleep architecture were a reduction in rem percentage and an increase in sleep fragmentation when comparing drug-refractory patients with non-refractory and healthy subjects.The findings on slow wave sleep were less clear.Studies with questionnaires unambiguously confirmed subjectively more sleep problems in children with drug-refractory epilepsy.This is the first review of literature in this patient population.More good quality sleep studies in children with drug-refractory epilepsy are warranted.The use of wearables in the home setting together with automatic sleep staging could provide more insights.

Journal: European journal of paediatric neurology : EJPN : official journal of the European Paediatric Neurology Society (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article;Review;Systematic Review
Too proactive to switch off: When taking charge drains resources and impairs detachment.

Although proactive behavior is an important determinant of individual work performance, its consequences for employee well-being and other personal outcomes have been largely neglected.In this study, we adopted a within-person perspective to investigate how taking charge behavior (a form of proactivity) affects employees' life outside of work by examining when and how it impacts on their ability to detach and recover from work.Drawing upon resource drain theory, we hypothesized that taking charge has the potential to undermine the process of detachment and recovery from work by draining personal resources.However, based on self-determination theory, we identified autonomous motivation as an essential boundary condition, such that the negative effects of taking charge on detachment and recovery via resource drain occur only when daily autonomous motivation is low.We tested this model on a sample of 77 managers, who provided daily survey data 3 times per day over 5 consecutive working days.Our analyses showed that daily taking charge behavior was negatively related to detachment in the evening, via resource drain, only on days in which people reported low autonomous motivation at work.However, this conditional effect of taking charge did not reach through to next morning recovery.No negative effects of daily taking charge on detachment were observed when people had high autonomous motivation.Overall, these findings suggest that, under some motivational conditions, proactivity can consume resources and interfere with the process of detachment.We offer practical advice for how organizations might encourage proactive behavior while minimizing its drawbacks.(psyc info database record (c) 2021 apa, all rights reserved).

Journal: Journal of occupational health psychology (2021)
Publication types: Journal Article