syedzayyan/paper_mill_benchmark huggingface dataset:
Bacterial growth in multicellular aggregates leads to the emergence of complex life cycles.

Facultative multicellular behaviors expand the metabolic capacity and physiological resilience of bacteria.Despite their ubiquity in nature, we lack an understanding of how these behaviors emerge from cellular-scale phenomena.Here, we show how the coupling between growth and resource gradient formation leads to the emergence of multicellular lifecycles in a marine bacterium.Under otherwise carbon-limited growth conditions, vibrio splendidus 12b01 forms clonal multicellular groups to collectively harvest carbon from soluble polymers of the brown-algal polysaccharide alginate.As they grow, groups phenotypically differentiate into two spatially distinct sub-populations: a static "shell" surrounding a motile, carbon-storing "core." differentiation of these two sub-populations coincides with the formation of a gradient in nitrogen-source availability within clusters.Additionally, we find that populations of cells containing a high proportion of carbon-storing individuals propagate and form new clusters more readily on alginate than do populations with few carbon-storing cells.Together, these results suggest that local metabolic activity and differential partitioning of resources leads to the emergence of reproductive cycles in a facultatively multicellular bacterium.

Journal: Current biology : CB (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article;Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't;Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
Abnormal wire's trajectory during edge-to-edge mitral valve repair-a rare case report of inferior vena cava anomaly.

Inferior vena cava (ivc) anomalies are rare and diagnosed incidentally as most patients are asymptomatic.We present a case where an abnormal course of the wire during percutaneous mitral valve repair revealed abnormal ivc anatomy leading to procedure termination.We summarized all ivc anomalies relevant to cardiovascular physicians and designed a simplified tool to illustrate their course for differential diagnosis.Case summary a 78-year-old female presented with severe and symptomatic mitral regurgitation.The heart team decided to proceed with a percutaneous option, considering the patient's high surgical risk.While ascending from the femoral vein, the wire took an abnormal course to the left side of the vertebrae and continued beyond the cardiac silhouette downwards the right atrium (ra).We decided to abort the procedure due to the high risk for vascular complications assuming the need to cross it with the device's delivery system.Retrospective computed tomography analysis revealed an interrupted ivc at the level of the renal vasculature and azygos continuation toward the ra via a dilated superior vena cava.The patient was referred to surgery and had successful mitral and tricuspid valve repair and was discharged home in good health.Discussion the increased number of minimally invasive percutaneous procedures, especially for valvular heart disease, mandates a profound understanding of the arterial, and venous system anatomy.Inferior vena cava anomalies represent a group of anomalies with different paths and variations and have a tremendous impact on all aspects of the procedure.

Journal: European heart journal. Case reports (2022)
Publication types: Case Reports;Journal Article
Retrospective Exposure Assessment Methods Used in Occupational Human Health Risk Assessment: A Systematic Review.

As part of the assessment and management of chemical risk and occupational hygiene, retrospective exposure assessment (rea) to chemical agents can be defined as the estimate of exposure associated with a person's work history.The fundamental problem underlying the reconstruction of the exposure is that of transforming this type of information in quantitative terms to obtain an accurate estimate.Rea can follow various approaches, some of which are technically complicated and both time and resource consuming.The aim of this systematic review is to present the techniques mainly used for occupational rea.In order to carry out this evaluation, a systematic review of the scientific literature was conducted.Forty-four studies were identified (published from 2010 to date) and analyzed.In exposure reconstruction studies, quantitative approaches should be preferable, especially when estimates will be used in the context of health impact assessment or epidemiology, although it is important to stress how, ideally, the experimental data available for the considered scenario should be used whenever possible as the main starting information base for further processing.To date, there is no single approach capable of providing an accurate estimate of exposure for each reasonably foreseeable condition and situation and the best approach generally depends on the level of information available for the specific case.The use of a combination of different reconstruction techniques can, therefore, represent a powerful tool for weighting and integrating data obtained through qualitative and quantitative approaches, in order to obtain the best possible estimate.

Journal: International journal of environmental research and public health (2020)
Publication types: Journal Article;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't;Systematic Review
Chromosomal abnormalities of 19,000 couples with recurrent spontaneous abortions: a multicenter study.

To investigate the demographic data and karyotypes of 19,000 couples who experienced recurrent spontaneous abortion (rsa).Design a cross-sectional study of 19,000 couples.Setting five hospitals.Patient(s) a total of 19,000 couples experiencing rsa.Intervention(s) not applicable.Main outcome measure(s) cytogenetic analysis of blood lymphocytes.Result(s) a total of 844 couples (4.44%) showed chromosomal aberrations in either partner.Females were more likely to have chromosomal aberrations.The mean age of females and males with chromosomal aberrations was younger than that of females and males without chromosomal aberrations.Interestingly, sex and age distribution varied significantly depending on the subtypes of chromosomal aberrations.We detected 324 balanced translocations, including 223 novel ones.They were distributed across all chromosomes; the frequency of balanced translocations decreased according to the numerical order of autosomes (strong negative correlation; r = -0.84).Individuals with balanced translocations were younger than other groups.All 58 inversions, including 25 novel ones, were detected in autosomes; the negative correlation also existed.Thirteen robertsonian translocations, 5 deletions, and 3 duplications were detected.Six types of turner variants, triple x mosaicism, and mosaic down syndrome were detected in females; klinefelter variants and mosaic xyy syndrome were detected in males.Marker chromosomes at various mosaic levels and 7 different complex chromosomal rearrangements were also observed.Conclusion(s) patients who experienced rsa induced by chromosomal aberrations experienced miscarriages at a younger age.Significant correlations existed between the patients' age or sex and the subtypes of chromosomal aberrations.This study detected several chromosomal abnormalities associated with rsa, including various novel aberrations.

Journal: Fertility and sterility (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article;Multicenter Study
Creation of a Neovagina by Laparoscopic Modified Davydov Vaginoplasty in Patients with Partial Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome.

Study objective to evaluate the feasibility, safety, and outcome of laparoscopic modified davydov vaginoplasty in subjects with partial androgen insensitivity syndrome (pais).Design a retrospective cohort study (canadian task force classification iii).Setting a tertiary referral center.Patients ten continuous patients operated on between october 2008 and may 2014.Interventions laparoscopic modified davydov vaginoplasty.The surgical technique was tailored on pais subjects who presented a male pelvic anatomy and, frequently, anomalies of the external genitalia.Measurements and main results anatomic success was defined as a neovaginal width allowing the insertion of 2 fingers and a neovaginal length of at least 5 cm.Functional success was defined as the presence of regular sexual intercourse.Laparoscopic modified davydov vaginoplasty was successfully performed in all patients without surgical complications.At hospital discharge, anatomic success was achieved in all patients.At the 12-month follow-up, anatomic success was achieved in 9 patients and functional success in 7 patients.Two patients with anatomic success did not start any sexual activity by personal choice.One patient had an anatomic failure with a neovaginal length of 2 cm.This patient had not complied with the postoperative use of vaginal dilators.Conclusion this is the first study reporting the outcomes of laparoscopic modified davydov vaginoplasty in subjects with pais.Postoperative long-term outcomes were comparable with those achieved in women with rokitansky syndrome.The laparoscopic modified davydov operation may represent the procedure of choice for the creation of a neovagina and the concomitant correction of anomalies of the external genitalia in subjects with pais.

Journal: Journal of minimally invasive gynecology (2017)
Publication types: Journal Article
Alcohol use is prevalent among adults with the fontan circulation but does not correlate with liver disease.

Alcohol consumption is associated with an increased risk of liver disease.There are limited studies on the epidemiology of alcohol use and its effects on fontan-associated liver disease (fald) in adulthood.Methods in this single-center prospective cohort study, patients were enrolled from the fontan clinic between november 2019 and november 2020, excluding those with chronic hepatitis c or b.Alcohol consumption was quantified by alcohol use disorders identification test (audit) questionnaire and a supplementary questionnaire.Participants were stratified into alcohol consumers and non-consumers.Alcohol consumption was correlated to the magnitude of fibrosis on liver biopsy and the varices, ascites, splenomegaly, and thrombocytopenia (vast) score.Results forty-three patients (age 30 ​± ​6.5 years) were enrolled, and most were in nyha fc 1 or 2.Twenty-six (60.5%) participants consumed alcohol regularly in the past year (twenty with low-risk consumption and six with hazardous consumption).Alcohol consumers were more likely to have better nyha fc.Of those, half reported alcohol consumption for longer than one year before enrollment.Eleven (25.6%) participants reported underage drinking.After multivariable adjustment, male sex was associated with increased severity of liver fibrosis (or 3.7 [1.0 to 13.6]).Alcohol consumption was not associated with liver fibrosis (or 1.2 [0.3 to 4.9]) or vast scores (or 1.2 [0.01 to 2.2]).Conclusions alcohol consumption is prevalent among adults with the fontan circulation but does not correlate with fald.However, further studies are required to validate the results in cohorts with heavier alcohol consumption.Underage drinking was prevalent and warrants screening in pediatrics.

Journal: International journal of cardiology. Congenital heart disease (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
Dissociation of a Femoral Intramedullary Magnetic Lengthening Nail During Routine Hardware Removal: A Case Report.

Case a 15-year-old boy with a right femur length discrepancy secondary to infection underwent hardware removal 1-year status-post right femur osteotomy with placement of an antegrade intramedullary magnetic lengthening nail after successful lengthening of 4.2 cm.During hardware removal, dissociation between the proximal (outer) and distal (inner) components of the device was observed.The distal component was removed using an endoscopic pituitary rongeur after considering multiple possible techniques.Conclusions in the event of nail disconnection during removal of an intramedullary implant, we recommend use of a long pituitary rongeur to retrieve the distal nail component.

Journal: JBJS case connector (2021)
Publication types: Case Reports;Journal Article
Role of Nimodipine and Milrinone in Delayed Cerebral Ischemia.

The role of nimodipine and milrinone in the management of delayed cerebral ischemia (dci) after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (sah) was studied using clinical and tcd (transcranial doppler) parameters.Methods in this prospective observational study, patients with dci after aneurysmal sah presenting between november 2020 and june 2021 who were treated by either intra-arterial nimodipine (ian) or intravenous milrinone (ivm) were included after excluding patients in whom both ian and ivm had been given or mechanical angioplasty was performed.Twelve-hourly tcd was performed during the course of the therapy.Clinical improvement and the development of new brain infarcts were also assessed.A p value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results thirty-four patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria (ivm, 13/34 [38%]; ian, 21/34 [62%]); patients in the ivm group (vs.Ian group) had poorer median glasgow coma scale score (12 vs.13), poorer motor response (<m6 response, 5/13 [38%] vs.5/21 [24%]; p = 0.36) and higher grades (modified fisher grade ≥3) of sah (12/13 [92%] vs.8/21 [86%]; p = 0.56).More patients in the ian group (vs.Ivm group) showed clinical improvement (17/21 [81%] vs.10/13 [77%]; p = 0.77), development of new infarcts (15/21 [71%] vs.7/13 [54%]; p = 0.29] and discharged to home (13/21 [62%] vs.6/13 [46%]; p = 0.36) with less mortality (1/21 [9%] vs.4/13 [23%]; p = 0.037).On tcd analysis, both ian and ivm protocols showed similar effects in middle cerebral artery vasospasm; however, ian proved better over time.In group-effect analysis, the ian protocol was significantly better in anterior cerebral artery and posterior cerebral artery vasospasm compared with ivm protocol.Conclusions in this single-center small study, patients in the ian group had significantly less mortality compared with the ivm group in the management of dci after aneurysmal sah.

Journal: World neurosurgery (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article;Observational Study
Beliefs of children and adults in religious and scientific phenomena.

Within the domains of both science and religion, beliefs in unobservable phenomena - such as bacteria or the soul - are common.Yet given the radically different trajectory of scientific as compared to religious beliefs across human history, it is plausible that the psychological basis for beliefs in these two domains is also different.Indeed, there is evidence from children and adults in various cultures that people have greater confidence in their scientific beliefs than in their religious beliefs.However, when individuals are invited to indicate the basis for their beliefs within each domain, a surprisingly similar pattern of justification is apparent.

Journal: Current opinion in psychology (2021)
Publication types: Journal Article;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't;Review
Pyolysin ofTrueperella pyogenesInduces Pyroptosis and IL-1β Release in Murine Macrophages Through Potassium/NLRP3/Caspase-1/Gasdermin D Pathway.

Trueperella pyogenes(t.Pyogenes) is a commensal and an opportunistic pathogen of animals.This organism can cause inflammatory diseases, such as pneumonia, mastitis and endometritis in hosts.However, the molecular basis for the pro-inflammatory properties of this organism is still largely unknown.In the current study, using murine macrophages as model, the ability of t.Pyogenesto induce pyroptosis was first determined.Then, pyolysin (plo), a cholesterol-dependent cytolysin secreted by t.Pyogenes, was found to be closely related to t.Pyogenes-induced pyroptosis.Next, our work showed that plo can form pores in the cell membrane, leading to the efflux of potassium (k+), nod-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (nlrp3) inflammasome-mediated caspase-1 activation, and gasdermin d (gsdmd) cleavage.Inhibition of the k+/nlrp3/caspase-1/gsdmd pathway abolished t.Pyogenesand plo-induced il-1β release.Taken together, these results indicate t.Pyogenes-induced inflammation is related to plo-induced pyroptosis and il-1β release.Our work shed light on the pathogenesis of t.Pyogenesand the interaction between t.Pyogenesand hosts' immune system.

Journal: Frontiers in immunology (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Immunoregulatory Monocyte Subset Promotes Metastasis Associated With Therapeutic Intervention for Primary Tumor.

Systemic and local inflammation associated with therapeutic intervention of primary tumor occasionally promotes metastatic recurrence in mouse and human.However, it remains unclear what types of immune cells are involved in this process.Here, we found that the tissue-repair-promoting ym1+ly6chimonocyte subset expanded as a result of systemic and local inflammation induced by intravenous injection of lipopolysaccharide or resection of primary tumor and promoted lung metastasis originating from circulating tumor cells (ctcs).Deletion of this subset suppressed metastasis induced by the inflammation.Furthermore, transfer of ym1+ly6chimonocytes into naïve mice promoted lung metastasis in the mice.Ym1+ly6chimonocytes highly expressed matrix metalloproteinase-9 (mmp-9) and cxcr4.Mmp-9 inhibitor and cxcr4 antagonist decreased ym1+ly6chi-monocyte-promoted lung metastasis.These findings indicate that ym1+ly6chimonocytes are therapeutic target cells for metastasis originating from ctcs associated with systemic and local inflammation.In addition, these findings provide a novel predictive cellular biomarker for metastatic recurrence after intervention for primary tumor.

Journal: Frontiers in immunology (2021)
Publication types: Journal Article;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Leaf-associated microbiomes of grafted tomato plants.

Bacteria and fungi form complex communities (microbiomes) in above- and below-ground organs of plants, contributing to hosts' growth and survival in various ways.Recent studies have suggested that host plant genotypes control, at least partly, plant-associated microbiome compositions.However, we still have limited knowledge of how microbiome structures are determined in/on grafted crop plants, whose above-ground (scion) and below-ground (rootstock) genotypes are different with each other.By using eight varieties of grafted tomato plants, we examined how rootstock genotypes could determine the assembly of leaf endophytic microbes in field conditions.An illumina sequencing analysis showed that both bacterial and fungal community structures did not significantly differ among tomato plants with different rootstock genotypes: rather, sampling positions in the farmland contributed to microbiome variation in a major way.Nonetheless, a further analysis targeting respective microbial taxa suggested that some bacteria and fungi could be preferentially associated with particular rootstock treatments.Specifically, a bacterium in the genus deinococcus was found disproportionately from ungrafted tomato individuals.In addition, yeasts in the genus hannaella occurred frequently on the tomato individuals whose rootstock genotype was "ganbarune".Overall, this study suggests to what extent leaf microbiome structures can be affected/unaffected by rootstock genotypes in grafted crop plants.

Journal: Scientific reports (2019)
Publication types: Journal Article;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Personalized sedation goal for agitated delirium in patients with cancer: Balancing comfort and communication.

Agitated delirium is common and highly distressing.Medications are often needed to reduce agitation, but it is unclear what the desired level of sedation is.This study assessed personalized sedation goals (psgs) and their predictors for patients in a delirium clinical trial and in clinical vignettes.Methods this was a preplanned secondary analysis of a double-blind randomized clinical trial examining the sedative effect of chlorpromazine and/or haloperidol in patients with agitated delirium.At the baseline, caregivers and nurses were independently asked to select the psg for the trial patient from 5 choices corresponding to richmond agitation sedation scale (rass) scores of 0 or higher (no sedation), -1 to -2, -3, -4, and -5 (deep sedation).Respondents also selected a psg for 6 vignettes that differed by the level of agitation, ability to communicate, and survival.Results forty-two caregivers and 39 nurses answered questions regarding psgs.For the trial patient, caregivers preferred rass scores of -1 to -2 most often (36%), whereas nurses preferred an rass score of -3 most often (51 %).Caregivers were significantly more likely than nurses to choose lighter sedation (odds ratio [or], 4.8; p = .01) despite reporting greater delirium-related distress (p = .0006).Patients were undersedated 33% to 53% of the time and oversedated 0% to 15% of the time according to the psg response criteria.In the case vignettes, deeper sedation was preferred by nurses (p < .0001) and for patients who were unable to communicate (or, 3.1-4.4; p < .0001) and had a shorter life expectancy (or, 1.7; p = .002).Conclusions caregivers often preferred lighter sedation than nurses.Many patients were undersedated in comparison with caregivers' psgs, and this highlights room for improvement.Lay summary in the last days of life, many patients with cancer develop delirium and become restless/agitated; this can be highly distressing.Caregivers and physicians alike are often concerned about the use of sedatives for agitated delirium and try to find a balance between maximizing comfort and maintaining communication.This study examined the concept of a personalized sedation goal for setting an individualized target for the level of sedation.Caregivers often preferred lighter sedation than nurses.Many patients were undersedated in comparison with caregivers' stated goals, and this highlights room for improvement.

Journal: Cancer (2021)
Publication types: Journal Article;Randomized Controlled Trial;Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Development of Genus-Specific PCR Primers for Molecular Monitoring of Invasive Nostocalean Cyanobacteria.

The geographical range of invasive cyanobacteria with high toxigenic potential is widening because of eutrophication and global warming, thus, monitoring their appearance is necessary for safe water quality control.Most invasive cyanobacteria are nostocalean species, and their accurate identification by classical morphological methods may be problematic.In this study, we developed polymerase chain reaction (pcr) primers to selectively identify five invasive cyanobacterial genera, namely,chrysosporum,cuspidothrix,cylindrospermopsis,raphidiopsis, and sphaerospermopsis, using genetic markers such asrbc lx,rpo b,rpo c1, andcpc ba, and determined the amplification conditions for each pair of primers.The primer performances were verified on single or mixed nostocalean cyanobacterial isolates.The five primers allowed selective identification of all the target genera.In field samples collected during summer, when cyanobacteria flourished in the nakdong river, the respective pcr product was observed in all samples where the target genus was detected by microscopic analysis.Besides, weak bands corresponding to sphaerospermopsisand raphidiopsiswere observed in some samples in which these genera were not detected by microscopy, suggesting that the cell densities were below the detection limit of the microscopic method used.Thus, the genus-specific primers developed in this study enable molecular monitoring to supplement the current microscopy-based monitoring.

Journal: International journal of environmental research and public health (2021)
Publication types: Journal Article;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't