syedzayyan/paper_mill_benchmark huggingface dataset:
Nerve to subclavius for neurotization procedures: an anatomical feasibility study.

Injuries to the inferior trunk of the brachial plexus and its components can be debilitating.As such injuries are prioritized by surgeons during repair, an additional nerve transfer is considered herein.In the supine position, 13 adult cadavers (26 sides) underwent dissection of the nerve to subclavius and the proximal brachial plexus in the supraclavicular region.Once the nerve was located and isolated from origin to termination, measurements of its length and diameter were made.Next, the c8 and t1 roots and inferior trunk were identified.The distal end of the nerve to subclavius was transected and swung to these roots and the inferior trunk.Once the nerves to subclavius were transposed and in a tension-free manner, the length of excess nerve following being brought to each of these nerves was measured.A nerve to subclavius was identified on all sides.The nerve originated from the superior trunk and traveled anterior to the middle and inferior trunks on all sides.The mean diameter of the nerve to subclavius was 0.8 mm, and the mean length was 57 mm.After cutting the nerve to subclavius at its entrance into the subclavius muscle, the distal nerve could be transferred tension free to the inferior trunk of the brachial plexus and t1 ventral ramus on all sides.The distal nerve to subclavius reached the t1 ventral ramus with an average of 18 mm of additional length and to the c8 ventral ramus with an average of 19 mm.The nerve also could be transferred to the inferior trunk of the brachial plexus with an average of 20 mm of additional length.The nerve to subclavius was found to have approximately 3000 axons.To our knowledge, use of the nerve to subclavius has previously not been used for nerve transfer procedures.Based on our cadaveric study, this often-overlooked nerve can be easily transposed to other regional nerves such as the inferior trunk of the brachial plexus.

Journal: Neurosurgical review (2023)
Publication types: Journal Article
Lived Experiences of a Sustained Mental Health Recovery Process Without Ongoing Medication Use.

Serious mental health conditions have historically been considered lifelong conditions, with substantial literature supporting pharmaceutical approaches to remission.More recently, the recovery movement has emphasized lasting recovery, which can occur through a variety of pathways.With the traditional focus on medication, less is known about the recovery process of persons who achieve sustained recovery without ongoing medication use.This qualitative study used a grounded theory approach to explore the recovery process of 19 participants with diagnoses of schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, or major depression who were in recovery and not taking medications for at least twelve months.Participants identified internal recovery processes (cognitive changes, emotional processes, and spirituality/faith) leading to a perspective change about self and symptoms.Participants also identified external recovery processes including both support received and productive ways of giving back.The study findings highlight the importance of self-efficacy, emotion management, and social giving in mental health recovery.

Journal: Community mental health journal (2021)
Publication types: Journal Article;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
The duration of spontaneous active and pushing phases of labour among 75,243 US women when intervention is minimal: A prospective, observational cohort study.

Friedman's curve, despite acknowledged limitations, has greatly influenced labour management.Interventions to hasten birth are now ubiquitous, challenging the contemporary study of normal labour.Our primary purpose was to characterise normal active labour and pushing durations in a large, contemporary sample experiencing minimal intervention, stratified by parity, age, and body mass index (bmi).Methods this is a secondary analysis of the national, validated midwives alliance of north america 4·0 (mana stats) data registry (n= 75,243), prospectively collected between jan 1, 2012 and dec 31, 2018 to describe labour and birth in home and birth center settings where common obstetric interventions [i.e., oxytocin, planned cesarean] are not available.The mana stats cohort includes pregnant people who intended birth in these settings and prospectively collects labour and birth processes and outcomes regardless of where birth or postpartum care ultimately occurs.Survival curves were calculated to estimate labour duration percentiles (e.g.10th, 50th, 90th, and others of interest), by parity and sub-stratified by age and bmi.Findings compared to multiparous women (n= 32,882), nulliparous women (n= 15,331) had significantly longer active labour [e.g., median 7.5 vs.3.3 h; 95th percentile 34.8 vs.12.0 h] and significantly longer pushing phase [e.g., median 1.1 vs.0.2 h; 95th percentile 5.5 vs.1.1 h].Among nulliparous women, maternal age >35 was associated with longer active first stage of labour and longer pushing phase, and bmi >30 kg/m2 was associated with a longer active first stage of labour but a shorter pushing phase.Patterns among multiparous women were different, with those >35 years of age experiencing a slightly more rapid active labour and no difference in pushing duration, and those with bmi >30 kg/m2 experiencing a slightly longer active labour but, similarly, no difference in pushing duration.Interpretation nulliparous women had significantly longer active first stage and pushing phase durations than multiparous women, with further variation noted by age and by bmi.Contemporary us women with low-risk pregnancies who intended birth in settings absent common obstetric interventions and in spontaneous labour with a live, vertex, term, singleton, non-anomalous fetus experienced labour durations that were often longer than prior characterizations, particularly among nulliparous women.Results overcome prior and current sampling limitations to refine understanding of normal labour durations and time thresholds signaling 'labour dystocia'.Funding ohsu nursing innovation and ohsu university shared resources.

Journal: EClinicalMedicine (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
Multicenter prospective study on the use and outcome of rehabilitation after total laryngectomy in Germany.

The purpose of this study was to assess the use and outcome of rehabilitation after total laryngectomy in germany.Methods we enrolled patients who were scheduled for total laryngectomy, approached them again after surgery, after 3 months and 1 year.Patients completed questionnaires and were interviewed.Results of 309 participants, 14% had not received any rehabilitation.Reasons for nonuse were primarily ongoing treatment and poor health.Users of rehabilitation had 4 times the odds of attaining any ability to speak compared to nonusers (odds ratio 3.8, p = .02).The main aim of rehabilitation from the perspective of the users was speech rehabilitation, mentioned by 71% before starting rehabilitation.This was also what most users (27%) found the most helpful part of rehabilitation.Conclusions patients are interested in attending rehabilitation.They especially want to improve their speech capacity, which indeed is better among users of rehabilitation than in those without.

Journal: Head & neck (2019)
Publication types: Journal Article;Multicenter Study;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Selection Role of Metal Oxides into Transition Metal Dichalcogenide Monolayers by a Direct Selenization Process.

Direct reduction of metal oxides into a few transition metal dichalcogenide (tmdcs) monolayers has been recently explored as an alternative method for large area and uniform deposition.However, not many studies have addressed the characteristics and requirement of the metal oxides into tmdcs by the selenization/sulfurization processes, yielding a wide range of outstanding properties to poor electrical characteristics with nonuniform films.The large difference implies that the process is yet not fully understood.In particular, the selenization/sulfurization at low temperature leads to poor crystallinity films with poor electrical performance, hindering its practical development.A common approach to improve the quality of the selenized/sulfurized films is by further increasing the process temperature, thus requiring additional transfer in order to explore the electrical properties.Here, we show that by finely tuning the quality of the predeposited oxide the selenization/sulfurization temperature can be largely decreased, avoiding major substrate damage and allowing direct device fabrication.The direct relationship between the role of selecting different metal oxides prepared by e-beam evaporation and reactive sputtering and their oxygen deficiency/vacancy leading to quality influence of tmdcs was investigated in detail.Because of its outstanding physical properties, the formation of tungsten diselenide (wse2) from the reduction of tungsten oxide (wox) was chosen as a model for proof of concept.By optimizing the process parameters and the selection of metal oxides, layered wse2films with controlled atomic thickness can be demonstrated.Interestingly, the domain size and electrical properties of the layered wse2films are highly affected by the quality of the metal oxides, for which the layered wse2film with small domains exhibits a metallic behavior and the layered wse2films with larger domains provides clear semiconducting behavior.Finally, an 8'' wafer scale-layered wse2film was demonstrated, giving a step forward in the development of 2d tmdc electronics in the industry.

Journal: ACS applied materials & interfaces (2018)
Publication types: Journal Article
What drives smallholder farmers' willingness to pay for a new farm technology? Evidence from an experimental auction in Kenya.

We use an incentive compatible experimental auction to measure demand for a new agricultural technology, a triple layered hermetic storage bag.When used properly, the bag creates an airtight seal that reduces storage loss from insect pests and neutralizes aflatoxin contamination in stored grain.We find that demand for this new technology is highly elastic (4.3) and that the wholesaler could increase profit by lowering the price.We also find that farmers' valuation for the bag is not significantly different based on the medium through which information about it is communicated to them, either text, audio or video messages.This suggests that practitioners should use the cheapest option for disseminating information, which is text messaging in this context.In addition, we find that farmers who have prior awareness of the bag are willing to pay 20% more on average than those previously unaware of it.In total, the highly elastic demand for the improved bags, along with the fact that prior awareness of the bag leads to higher willingness to pay, suggests that a one-time price subsidy for the new technology could spur demand and increase future adoption.

Journal: Food policy (2019)
Publication types: Journal Article
Pore structure control of porous carbon obtained from phenol formaldehyde resin and ethylene glycol: the effect of H3BO3on the pore structure.

Boric acid was used as a source of complexing agent to change phase separation kinetics and dynamics of the resin-glycol system to regulate the pore structure of porous carbon.The results show that the addition of h3bo3in the resin mixtures can change the polymerization dynamics during curing of resin-glycol mixtures.For the complexation of h3bo3to diols, the size of the ethylene glycol-rich phase produced during the curing of the resin mixture increase with the increase of the content of h3bo3.Similarly, the pore size of porous carbon after pyrolysis increases with the increase of h3bo3content.The average pore size of resulting porous carbon can be regulated in the range from 15 to 2754 nm.These results reveal that h3bo3exhibited obvious effects in changing the pore structure of resin-glycol system during pyrolysis.

Journal: RSC advances (2019)
Publication types: Journal Article
Is there an association between metformin use and clinical outcomes in diabetes patients with COVID-19?

Previous studies have reported inconsistent results regarding the association between metformin use and clinical outcomes in diabetes mellitus (dm) patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19).This study aimed to evaluate the association between metformin use and clinical outcomes in dm patients with covid-19.Methods this retrospective study was based on claims data.All diseases, including covid-19, were defined using international classification of diseases 10th revision (icd-10) codes.Patients were divided into three groups depending on metformin use: con (those not taking dm medication); n-mfom (those taking dm medications other than metformin); and mfom (those taking metformin for dm).Ultimately, 1865 patients were included; con, n-mfom and mfom groups comprised 1301, 95 and 469 patients, respectively.Results kaplan-meier analyses showed that mfom patients had poorer survival rates than those in the con group, but there were no significant differences in survival rates between mfom and n-mfom groups.Multivariate cox regression analyses revealed more favourable survival in con than in n-mfom patients, but there was no statistically significant difference in mfom vs the other groups.Also, there were no significant differences in rates of use of inotropes, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, conventional oxygen therapy, high-flow nasal cannulas or mechanical ventilators, nor in the rates of acute kidney injury or cardiac events across all study groups.Conclusion no definite association could be found between metformin use and clinical outcomes, including survival.However, given the disproportionate participant numbers in our groups and small number of events, further studies are needed to determine whether the use of metformin has favourable or unfavourable effects in dm patients with covid-19.

Journal: Diabetes & metabolism (2021)
Publication types: Journal Article;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Three-Dimensional Fast Na-Ion Transport in Sodium Titanate Nanoarchitectures via Engineering of Oxygen Vacancies and Bismuth Substitution.

Layered sodium titanates (nto), one of the most promising anode materials for advanced sodium-ion batteries (sibs), feature high theoretical capacity and no serious safety concerns.The pristine nto electrode, however, has unfavorable na+transport kinetics, due to the dominant two-dimensional (2d) na-ion transport channels within the crystal along the low energy barrier octahedron layers, which impedes the practical application of this class of potential materials.Herein, an interesting concept of opening three-dimensional (3d) fast ion transport channels within the intrinsic nto frameworks is proposed to enhance the electrochemical performance through a combination of oxygen vacancy generation and cation substitution strategies, by which the interlayer spacing of the nto frameworks is expanded for fast 3d na-ion transport.It is evidenced that the oxygen-deficient and bismuth-substituted hbnto (bix na2-x ti3oy, 0 <x< 2, 0 <y< 7, hbnto) exhibits obvious enhancements on the reversible capacity (∼145% enhancement at 20 m ah g-1compared with nto), the rate capability (∼200% enhancement at 500 m ah g-1compared with nto), and the cycling stability (∼210% enhancement of retention capacity after 150 cycles at 20 m ah g-1compared with nto).The molecular dynamic simulations and theoretical calculations demonstrate that the enhanced performance of hbnto is contributed by the multiplied sodium diffusion pathways and the increased ion migration rates with the successful opening of 3d internal ion transport channels.This work demonstrates the effectiveness of the strategies in opening the 3d intercrystal ion transport channels for boosting the electrochemical performance of sibs.

Journal: ACS nano (2021)
Publication types: Journal Article
CRISPR-Cas9-mediated knockout ofCYP79D1andCYP79D2in cassava attenuates toxic cyanogen production.

Cassava (manihot esculenta) is a starchy root crop that supports over a billion people in tropical and subtropical regions of the world.This staple, however, produces the neurotoxin cyanide and requires processing for safe consumption.Excessive consumption of insufficiently processed cassava, in combination with protein-poor diets, can have neurodegenerative impacts.This problem is further exacerbated by drought conditions which increase this toxin in the plant.To reduce cyanide levels in cassava, we used crispr-mediated mutagenesis to disrupt the cytochrome p450 genes cyp79d1and cyp79d2whose protein products catalyze the first step in cyanogenic glucoside biosynthesis.Knockout of both genes eliminated cyanide in leaves and storage roots of cassava accession 60444; the west african, farmer-preferred cultivar tme 419; and the improved variety tms 91/02324.Although knockout of cyp79d2alone resulted in significant reduction of cyanide, mutagenesis of cyp79d1did not, indicating these paralogs have diverged in their function.The congruence of results across accessions indicates that our approach could readily be extended to other preferred or improved cultivars.This work demonstrates cassava genome editing for enhanced food safety and reduced processing burden, against the backdrop of a changing climate.

Journal: Frontiers in plant science (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
Development and Pretesting of a New Functional-Based Health Literacy Measurement Tool for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) and Asthma Management.

Health literacy (hl) is a person's ability to practically apply a wide range of cognitive and non-cognitive skills in health-related decisions.Hl includes five domains: navigate/access, understand, communicate, evaluate, and use of health information and services.Currently, no tool accurately captures and measures hl in adult patients with asthma and copd, while utilizing all 5-hl domains.Objective develop a comprehensive functional-based measurement tool for adult asthma and/or copd patients, while assessing hl on routine actions required to manage their chronic respiratory condition(s).Methods we developed our hl tool based on a conceptualization of the link between hl and asthma and copd management, during needs assessment stage including; a systematic review, which was followed by patient-oriented focus groups, and key-informant and respirologist interviews.Preliminary face and content validation were obtained by patients' and health professionals' input prior to the pretesting stage.The needs assessment information enabled us to develop passages in scenario-format and corresponding items to assess hl core domains, in addition to numeracy skills, across nine self-management topics: peak flow meters, prednisone use, pulmonary rehabilitation, action plans, flu shots, inhaler technique, lifestyle (nutrition and exercise), trigger control, and map navigation.The tool was pretested with asthma and copd patients to assess its relevance, clarity, and difficulty.Results our systematic review identified the deficiencies of existing hl tools that assessed the hl skills of asthma and copd patients.The patient-oriented focus groups (n=93) enabled us to identify self-management topics and develop items for our proposed hl tool, which were enriched by input from 45 key informants (eg, policy makers, clinicians, etc.) and 17 respiratory physicians.Preliminary pretesting with a new cohort of participants (36 asthma and copd patients and 39 key informants) aided in the refinement and finalized our tool.The modified tool included passages and corresponding items related to asthma and copd management was pretested with 75 asthma/copd patients who completed the questionnaire and provided their feedback on the clarity, relevance, and difficulty of the tool.The main barrier to self-management pertained to "communication" skills.The flu shot was the most relevant topic (91.2%), while map navigation was the least relevant (63.9%).Action plans were the most difficult topic, where only 55% knew when to utilize their action plans.Numeracy items challenged copd patients the most.Conclusion we summarized findings from the development and preliminary testing stages of a new asthma/copd hl tool.This tool will now be validated with a new cohort of patients.Practice implications knowledge gained in this study has been applied to the final version of the tool, which is currently being validated.

Journal: International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (2020)
Publication types: Journal Article
Tool for tracking all-cause mortality and estimating excess mortality to support the COVID-19 pandemic response.

Problem quantifying mortality from coronavirus disease (covid-19) is difficult, especially in countries with limited resources.Comparing mortality data between countries is also challenging, owing to differences in methods for reporting mortality.Context tracking all-cause mortality (acm) and comparing it with expected acm from pre-pandemic data can provide an estimate of the overall burden of mortality related to the covid-19 pandemic and support public health decision-making.This study validated an acm calculator to estimate excess mortality during the covid-19 pandemic.Action the acm calculator was developed as a tool for computing expected acm and excess mortality at national and subnational levels.It was developed using r statistical software, was based on a previously described model that used non-parametric negative binomial regression and was piloted in several countries.Goodness-of-fit was validated by forecasting 2019 mortality from 2015-2018 data.Outcome three key lessons were identified from piloting the tool: using the calculator to compare reported provisional acm with expected acm can avoid potential false conclusions from comparing with historical averages alone; using disaggregated data at the subnational level can detect excess mortality by avoiding dilution of total numbers at the national level; and interpretation of results should consider system-related performance indicators.Discussion timely tracking of acm to estimate excess mortality is important for the response to covid-19.The calculator can provide countries with a way to analyse and visualize acm and excess mortality at national and subnational levels.

Journal: Western Pacific surveillance and response journal : WPSAR (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article