syedzayyan/paper_mill_benchmark huggingface dataset:
The mechanics of air breathing in African clawed frog tadpoles, Xenopus laevis (Anura: Pipidae).

Frog larvae (tadpoles) undergo many physiological, morphological and behavioral transformations throughout development before metamorphosing into their adult form.The surface tension of water prevents small tadpoles from breaching the surface to breathe air (including those of xenopus laevis), forcing them to acquire air using a form of breathing called bubble sucking.With growth, tadpoles typically make a behavioral/biomechanical transition from bubble sucking to breaching.Xenopus laevis tadpoles have also been shown to transition physiologically from conforming passively to ambient oxygen levels to actively regulating their blood oxygen.However, it is unknown whether these mechanical and physiological breathing transitions are temporally or functionally linked, or how both transitions relate to lung maturation and gas exchange competency.If these transitions are linked, it could mean that one biomechanical breathing mode (breaching) is more physiologically proficient at acquiring gaseous oxygen than the other.Here, we describe the mechanics and development of air breathing and the ontogeny of lung morphology in x.Laevis throughout the larval stage and examine our findings considering previous physiological work.We found that the transitions from bubble sucking to breaching and from oxygen conforming to oxygen regulation co-occur in x.Laevis tadpoles at the same larval stage (nieuwkoop-faber stages 53-56 and 54-57, respectively), but that the lungs do not increase significantly in vascularization until metamorphosis, suggesting that lung maturation, alone, is not sufficient to account for increased pulmonary capacity earlier in development.Although breach breathing may confer a respiratory advantage, we remain unaware of a mechanistic explanation to account for this possibility.At present, the transition from bubble sucking to breaching appears simply to be a consequence of growth.Finally, we consider our results in the context of comparative air-breathing mechanics across vertebrates.

Journal: The Journal of experimental biology (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Robust metal-organic framework with multiple traps for trace Xe/Kr separation.

Direct separation of xe and kr from air or used nuclear fuel (unf) off-gas by means of porous adsorbents is of industrial importance but is a very challenging task.In this work, we show a robust metal-organic framework (mof), namely ecut-60, which renders not only high chemical stability, but also unique structure with multiple traps.This leads to the ultrahigh xe adsorption capacity, exceeding most reported porous materials.Impressively, this mof also enables high selectivity of xe over kr, co2, o2, and n2, leading to the high-performance separation for trace quantitites of xe/kr from a simulated unf reprocessing off-gas.The separation capability has been demonstrated by using dynamic breakthrough experiments, giving the record xe uptake up to 70.4 mmol/kg and the production of 19.7 mmol/kg pure xe.Consequently, ecut-60 has promising potential in direct production of xe from unf off-gas or air.The separation mechanism, as unveiled by theoretical calculation, is attributed to the multiple traps in ecut-60 that affords rigid restrict for xe atom via van der waals force.

Journal: Science bulletin (2021)
Publication types: Journal Article
Neonatal Curettage of Large to Giant Congenital Melanocytic Nevi Under Local Anesthetic: A Case Series With Long-Term Follow Up.

Neonatal curettage of large to giant congenital melanocytic nevi (l-gcmn) is a simple, minimally invasive procedure typically performed within the first 2 weeks of life.Objectives to retrospectively review our experience with serial curettage of l-gcmn in the neonatal period performed under local anesthesia and their long-term outcomes.Methods curettage was performed by a single pediatric dermatologist on nine neonates with l-gcmn under local anesthetic and with oral analgesia between 2002 and 2016 in red deer, alberta, canada.Patient charts were reviewed retrospectively to assess patient and procedure characteristics, tolerability, safety, cosmetic and functional outcomes, and malignant transformation.Results patients were treated with an average of 6 curettage sessions (range 3 to 15) to remove the majority or entirety of the nevus.All patients tolerated local anesthesia well.The most common adverse event of the procedure was transient neutropenia.Two patients developed positive bacterial cultures without clinical signs of infection, treated with antibiotics.All curetted specimens demonstrated benign pathology.Patients were followed annually thereafter, for an average of 6 years.Eight patients with l-gcmn of the trunk had minimal to partial repigmentation with good cosmetic outcome.One patient had recurrence of a facial nevus.None of the patients developed cutaneous malignant melanoma.Conclusions curettage appears to be a safe and effective treatment option for select cases of l-gcmns of the trunk.We do not recommend the procedure for face or scalp cmn.This procedure can be performed under local anesthesia with serial curettage to avoid potential risks of general anesthesia.

Journal: Journal of cutaneous medicine and surgery (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
Do vasomotor and genitourinary symptoms of menopause vary between sedente and migrant groups? A study on the Oraon tribal populations of Eastern India.

S human reproductive characteristics are embedded within local ecological contexts.A shift in the local ecology is likely to offer challenges in reproductive outcome.We aimed to investigate sedente-migrant variation in experiencing vasomotor and genitourinary symptoms at perimenopausal and postmenopausal stages and its concomitants.Methods four hundred oraon tribal populations living in eastern india (sedente [100 each from perimenopausal and postmenopausal groups] and migrants [100 each from perimenopausal and postmenopausal groups]) were studied.Data on vasomotor and genitourinary symptoms, socio-demographic and reproductive history, body compositions, lifestyle variables, and energy intake were compared between sedente and migrant independently for perimenopausal and postmenopausal groups.Principal component analysis (pca) was used to identify the principal components (pcs) of menopausal symptoms.A two level multilevel linear regression was applied independently for perimenopausal and postmenopausal groups to identify the concomitants of menopausal symptoms and estimate sedente-migrant variance.Results bivariate analysis showed significant (p ≤ .05) sedente-migrant differences in socio-demographic, reproductive, body composition, energy intake, and lifestyle variables and in some of the vasomotor and genitourinary symptoms.In multilevel analyses, random effect did not show significant heterogeneity between sedente and migrant groups in experiencing menopausal symptoms; however, fixed effect showed that region from which participants were recruited (gram panchayat [gp]) and individual level characteristics were concomitants (p ≤ .05) for menopausal symptoms, irrespective of menopausal status.Conclusion variability at gp levels and individual level characteristics of sedente and migrant groups predominantly determined menopausal symptoms of the study populations, but not the migration status.

Journal: American journal of human biology : the official journal of the Human Biology Council (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
METTL3 improves cardiomyocyte proliferation upon myocardial infarction via upregulating miR-17-3p in a DGCR8-dependent manner.

Myocardial infarction (mi), one of the most severe types of heart attack, exerts a strong negative effect on heart muscle by causing a massive and rapid loss of cardiomyocytes.However, the existing therapies do little to improve cardiac regeneration.Due to the role of methyltransferase-like 3 (mettl3) in the physiological proliferation of cardiomyocytes, we aimed to determine whether mettl3 could also promote cardiomyocyte proliferation under pathological conditions and to elucidate the underlying mechanism.The effects of mettl3 on cardiomyocyte proliferation and apoptosis were investigated in an in vivo rat model of mi and in an in vitro model of neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (nrcms) exposed to hypoxia.We found that mettl3 expression was downregulated in hypoxia-exposed nrcms and mi-induced rats.Furthermore, mettl3 pretreatment enhanced cardiomyocyte proliferation and inhibited cardiomyocyte apoptosis under hypoxic or mi conditions, and silencing mettl3 had the opposite effects.Additionally, mettl3 overexpression upregulated mi r-17-3p expression.The mi r-17-3p agomir mimicked the pro-proliferative and antiapoptotic effects of mettl3 in hypoxia-exposed cells or rats with mi, while the mi r-17-3p antagomir blocked these effects.Additionally, pretreatment with the rna-binding protein dgcr8 also hampered the protective role of mettl3 in hypoxia-exposed cells.Overall, the current study indicated that mettl3 could improve cardiomyocyte proliferation and subsequently ameliorate mi in rats by upregulating proliferation-related mi r-17-3p in a dgcr8-dependent pri-mi rna-processing manner.

Journal: Cell death discovery (2021)
Publication types: Journal Article
Phonological network fluency identifies phonological restructuring through mental search.

We investigated network principles underlying mental search through a novel phonological verbal fluency task.Post exclusion, 95 native-language mandarin speakers produced as many items that differed by a single lexical tone as possible within one minute.Their verbal productions were assessed according to several novel graded fluency measures, and network science measures that accounted for the structure, cohesion and interconnectedness of lexical items.A multivariate regression analysis of our participants' language backgrounds included their mono- or multi-lingual status, english proficiency, and fluency in other chinese languages/dialects.Higher english proficiency predicted lower error rates and greater interconnectedness, while higher fluency in other chinese languages/dialects revealed lower successive similarity and lower network coherence.This inverse relationship between english and other chinese languages/dialects provides evidence of the restructuring of the phonological mental lexicon.

Journal: Scientific reports (2019)
Publication types: Journal Article;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Linkage to care and treatment among men with reactive HIV self-tests after workplace-based testing in Uganda: A qualitative study.

Introduction hiv self-testing at workplaces has the potential to reach men at risk of hiv infection with lower access to hiv testing services.While several studies have reported high uptake of hiv self-testing, linkage to hiv care following a positive result remains a challenge.This study, therefore, explored the motivators for and barriers to linkage to hiv care and treatment among men who returned positive results following workplace-based hiv self-testing.Methods a qualitative descriptive study, among men in private security services in kampala district, uganda.The men were eligible to participate if they were aged 18 to 60 years and had worked at the company for more than 6 months.Following hiv self-testing, participants with reactive (positive) self-test results were purposively sampled and engaged in key informant interviews.Inductive content analysis was employed to identify the motivators and barriers to the men's linkage to hiv treatment and care.Results overall, 12 men participated in the study, of whom 9 (75%) were security guards, and the rest held management positions.The motivators for linkage to care coalesced under five categories.(i) communication (open communication, phone reminders, consistent communication) (ii) navigating health facility systems and processes (enabling health facility environment, easy access to health care, employing art clinic counselors as part of the study team, health workers) (iii) linkage support (linkage companions, referral forms, linkage facilitation, individualized linkage plan, pre-arranged clinic appointments) (iv) psychosocial support (counseling sessions, family support, online and social media support, peer support) (v) workplace environment (employer's support, work schedules and policies).The barriers to linkage to hiv care included (i) inflexible work schedules, (ii) far distances to travel to access art (iii) mandatory work transfers, (iv) disruptive effects of the covid-19 pandemic, (v) denial of hiv-positive results and (vi) fear of stigma and discrimination at health facilities.Conclusion the findings suggest the need for innovative interventions to facilitate regular follow-up and open communication with workplace-based hiv self-testers, to improve linkage to hiv care and treatment.Furthermore, initiating linkage plans during pre-test counseling and working in collaboration with health facilities and clinics may improve linkage to care.

Journal: Frontiers in public health (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article;Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Adsorption - Membrane process for treatment of stabilized municipal landfill leachate.

The aim of this study was to investigate the efficiency of removal of difficult-to-biodegrade organic compounds from real stabilized landfill leachate with a membrane process alone and in combination with powdered-activated-carbon (pac) adsorption.For filtration, ceramic membranes were used.The characteristics of the raw leachate were 788 mg cod/l and color of 0.4458 cm-1.With all combinations of pac-adsorption and a membrane process (mf, uf, fine-uf) and with fine-uf alone, leachate treatment was highly efficient.For each membrane, treatment was more efficient when the membrane process was combined with pac addition.This means that adsorption (pac dose 3 g/l, adsorption time 30 min) made the largest contribution to leachate treatment (cod and color removal efficiency of 73.1% and 94.4%, respectively).In all cases, organic particles bigger than 100 k da were removed most efficiently, whereas particles smaller than 3 k da were removed least efficiently.The efficiency of leachate treatment with pac + mf, pac + uf and pac + fine-uf did not differ significantly (>87% cod and > 97% color).With regard to membrane flux, however, these combinations can be ranked in the following order: pac + mf > pac + uf > pac + fine-uf.Therefore, pac + mf (0.3 mpa) was selected as the most effective solution (cod and color removal efficiencies of 87.8% and 97.2%, respectively; permeate flux of 167.6 l/(m2∙h)), as it combined efficient pollutant removal with low membrane pressure.

Journal: Waste management (New York, N.Y.) (2020)
Publication types: Journal Article
Tissue-resident memory T cells in chronic liver diseases: Phenotype, development and function.

Tissue-resident memory (trm) t cells are a unique subset of memory t cells that are critical for the first line of defense against pathogens or antigens in peripheral non-lymphoid tissues such as liver, gut, and skin.Generally, trmcells are well adapted to the local environment in a tissue-specific manner and typically do not circulate but persist in tissues, distinguishing them from other memory t cell lineages.There is strong evidence that liver trmcells provide a robust adaptive immune response to potential threats.Indeed, the potent effector function of hepatic trmcells makes it essential for chronic liver diseases, including viral and parasite infection, autoimmune liver diseases (aild), nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (nafld), hepatocellular carcinoma (hcc) and liver transplantation.Manipulation of hepatic trmcells might provide novel promising strategies for precision immunotherapy of chronic liver diseases.Here, we provide insights into the phenotype of hepatic trmcells through surface markers, transcriptional profiles and effector functions, discuss the development of hepatic trmcells in terms of cellular origin and factors affecting their development, analyze the role of hepatic trmcells in chronic liver diseases, as well as share our perspectives on the current status of hepatic trmcell research.

Journal: Frontiers in immunology (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article;Review
Phosphasalalen Rare-Earth Complexes for the Polymerization ofrac-Lactide andrac-β-Butyrolactone.

A series of new phosphasalalen pro-ligands, analogues of salalen but with an iminophosphorane replacing the imine functionality, and their corresponding rare-earth alkoxide and siloxide complexes were synthesized.The multinuclear nmr spectra and x-ray diffraction analyses revealed that, for thetert-butoxide and ethoxide complexes, the resulting phosphasalalen rare-earth product was composed of a mononuclear alkoxide and a binuclear complex containing bridged alkoxo and hydroxo groups, while an analogous binuclear complex was isolated as the sole product for the siloxide complex.All the complexes could catalyze the heteroselective ring-opening polymerization (rop) ofrac-lactide (prup to 0.77) with high catalytic activities and a controlled polydispersity.Remarkably, the yttrium and lutetium phosphasalalen complexes could also efficiently catalyze the rop ofrac-β-butyrolactone to produce syndiotactic polymers (prup to 0.73) while their salalen analogues were inert, revealing the special effects of the iminophosphorane moiety.Detailed end-group analyses and kinetic investigations suggested that the alkoxo-hydroxo-bridged complexes maintained their binuclear structures in the polymerization.

Journal: Inorganic chemistry (2021)
Publication types: Journal Article
Distinctions in heterotrophic and autotrophic-based metabolism as recorded in the hydrogen and carbon isotope ratios of normal alkanes.

The hydrogen isotope values of n-alkanes (δ2hn-alkane) reflect a plant's water source and water relations, while the carbon isotope values (δ13cn-alkane) relate to a plant's carbon metabolism and response to environmental conditions.However, the isotopic dynamics of the transition from heterotrophic to autotrophic metabolism during foliar development on δ2hn-alkaneand δ13cn-alkaneremain unclear.Here, we monitored δ2hn-alkaneand δ13cn-alkaneacross a growing season from betula occidentalis, populus angustifolia, and acer negundo.In addition, we compiled δ2h values of atmospheric vapor, leaf water, xylem water, and stream water as well as δ13c values of bulk leaf tissue (δ13cbulk).We found δ2hn-alkaneand δ13cn-alkanevaried with leaf development and indicated that the majority of wax development occurred during the initial growing season.The patterns in δ2hn-alkanewere broadly consistent between species and with previous studies; however, each species had a unique final δ2hn-alkanevalue.The δ13cbulkfor all species demonstrated a characteristic13c-enrichment during the initial growing season, followed by13c-depletion, while δ13cn-alkanedid not exhibit a consistent trend between the species.These δ13c data suggested a decoupling of the isotopic inputs between n-alkanes and photosynthetic leaf tissue.When coupled with δ2hn-alkane, these data suggested that the precursor compounds utilized in initial production of n-alkanes might be variable and possibly indicated that the stored precursors used for initial leaf tissue and wax production originated from different sources.Nonetheless, these data indicated that the isotopic signatures of n-alkanes relate to a mixture of precursors, but only during a distinct period of leaf ontogeny.

Journal: Oecologia (2018)
Publication types: Journal Article
Ultrastructure of the Dentin Pellicle and the Impact of Erosion.

While the ultrastructure of the enamel pellicle and its erosion protective properties are well studied, the dentin pellicle is still neglected in dental research.Therefore, the ultrastructure and erosion protective properties of a pellicle formed on bovine dentin specimens were investigated in the present study.The dentin pellicle was formed in situ for 3, 30, 120, and 360 min at buccal or palatal oral sites of 3 subjects and analyzed by transmission electron microscopy.In order to clarify the impact of an erosive challenge to the ultrastructure of the pellicle and the underlying dentin, specimens were exposed to the oral cavity and eroded in vivo with 0.1% or 1% citric acid either immediately or after 30 min of pellicle formation.Specimens that were eroded without exposure to the oral cavity served as control.In another trial, specimens with a 30-min pellicle were exposed to the oral cavity for a further 60 min after the erosive challenge to investigate the effect of saliva on the impaired pellicle and dentin.Transmission electron micrographs reveal a globular and granular structured pellicle layer, which was thicker when the pellicle was formed buccally or with longer formation times.Erosion with citric acid reduced the thickness of the pellicle and interrupted its continuity.The dentin was also affected by erosion, which was represented by a lower electron density and formation of demineralized lacunae.These were infiltrated by a granular structured material when specimens were exposed to the oral cavity.After further intraoral exposure, the infiltration was more pronounced, indicating a significant impact of saliva on the demineralized dentin.A reformation of the dentin pellicle on the other hand did not occur.In conclusion, the dentin pellicle is neither acid-resistant nor able to effectively protect dentin from erosion.

Journal: Caries research (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Functional and genetic markers of niche partitioning among enigmatic members of the human oral microbiome.

Introduction microbial residents of the human oral cavity have long been a major focus of microbiology due to their influence on host health and intriguing patterns of site specificity amidst the lack of dispersal limitation.However, the determinants of niche partitioning in this habitat are yet to be fully understood, especially among taxa that belong to recently discovered branches of microbial life.Results here, we assemble metagenomes from tongue and dental plaque samples from multiple individuals and reconstruct 790 non-redundant genomes, 43 of which resolve to tm7, a member of the candidate phyla radiation, forming six monophyletic clades that distinctly associate with either plaque or tongue.Both pangenomic and phylogenomic analyses group tongue-specific clades with other host-associated tm7 genomes.In contrast, plaque-specific tm7 group with environmental tm7 genomes.Besides offering deeper insights into the ecology, evolution, and mobilome of cryptic members of the oral microbiome, our study reveals an intriguing resemblance between dental plaque and non-host environments indicated by the tm7 evolution, suggesting that plaque may have served as a stepping stone for environmental microbes to adapt to host environments for some clades of microbes.Additionally, we report that prophages are widespread among oral-associated tm7, while absent from environmental tm7, suggesting that prophages may have played a role in adaptation of tm7 to the host environment.Conclusions our data illuminate niche partitioning of enigmatic members of the oral cavity, including tm7, sr1, and gn02, and provide genomes for poorly characterized yet prevalent members of this biome, such as uncultivated flavobacteriaceae.

Journal: Genome biology (2020)
Publication types: Journal Article;Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't;Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.