syedzayyan/paper_mill_benchmark huggingface dataset:
Implementation of the Community-based Health Planning and Services (CHPS) in rural and urban Ghana: a history and systematic review of what works, for whom and why.

Despite renewed emphasis on strengthening primary health care globally, the sector remains under-resourced across sub-saharan africa.Community-based health planning and services (chps) has been the foundation of ghana's primary care system for over two decades using a combination of community-based health nurses, volunteers and community engagement to deliver universal access to basic curative care, health promotion and prevention.This review aimed to understand the impacts and implementation lessons of the chps programme.Methods we conducted a mixed-methods review in line with prisma guidance using a results-based convergent design where quantitative and qualitative findings are synthesized separately, then brought together in a final synthesis.Embase, medline, psyc info, scopus, and web of science were searched using pre-defined search terms.We included all primary studies of any design and used the re-aim framework to organize and present the findings to understand the different impacts and implementation lessons of the chps programme.Results n= 58 out ofn= 117 full text studies retrieved met the inclusion criteria, of whichn= 28 were quantitative,n= 27 were qualitative studies andn= 3 were mixed methods.The geographical spread of studies highlighted uneven distribution, with the majority conducted in the upper east region.The chps programme is built on a significant body of evidence and has been found effective in reducing under-5 mortality, particularly for the poorest and least educated, increasing use and acceptance of family planning and reduction in fertility.The presence of a chps zone in addition to a health facility resulted in increased odds of skilled birth attendant care by 56%.Factors influencing effective implementation included trust, community engagement and motivation of community nurses through salaries, career progression, training and respect.Particular challenges to implementation were found in remote rural and urban contexts.Conclusions the clear specification of chps combined with a conducive national policy environment has aided scale-up.Strengthened health financing strategies, review of service provision to prepare and respond to pandemics, prevalence of non-communicable diseases and adaptation to changing community contexts, particularly urbanization, are required for successful delivery and future scale-up of chps.Systematic review registration id=214006, identifier: crd42020214006.

Journal: Frontiers in public health (2023)
Publication types: Systematic Review;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't;Journal Article
Cascade-Enhanced Catalytic Nanocomposite with Glutathione Depletion and Respiration Inhibition for Effective Starving-Chemodynamic Therapy Against Hypoxic Tumor.

Although chemodynamic therapy (cdt) has attracted enormous attention in anti-tumor studies for converting endogenous hydrogen peroxide (h2o2) into toxic hydroxyl radicals (•oh) by fenton-type reaction, the treating effects of using cdt alone is still unsatisfying.Recently, glucose oxidase (gox) was reported to be co-delivered with fenton agent for synergistic starvation therapy (st) and cdt.However, the overexpressed glutathione (gsh) and hypoxia in tumor microenvironment (tme) restrict the therapeutic efficacy of st/cdt.Methods and results in this work, a novel nanoplatform composed of gox plus fenton agent (cu2+) encapsulated core and metformin (met)-loaded manganese dioxide nanosheets (mnss) shell was prepared and further functionalized by arginine-glycine-aspartate (rgd).With the rgd-mediated affinity with cancer cells, the nanocomposite (gox-cu ca p@mnss-met@peg-rgd, gcmmr) could accomplish targeting delivery and tme-activated release of cargos.The intracellular gsh was depleted by mn o2/cu2+and abundant h2o2was generated along with the gox-induced glucose deprivation, which process was further enhanced by met-mediated hypoxia relief via inhibiting mitochondria-associated respiration.Subsequently generated •oh from cu+-mediated fenton-like reaction exerts severe intracellular oxidative stress and cause apoptosis.Moreover, significant inhibition of tumor growth was detected in a subcutaneous xenograft model of osteosarcoma (os) after gcmmr treatment.Conclusion the excellent therapeutic efficacy and biosafety of the nanoplatform were confirmed both in vitro and in vivo.Collectively, this study provides an appealing strategy with catalytic cascade enhancement on targeted st/cdt for cancer treatment, especially for hypoxic solid tumors.

Journal: International journal of nanomedicine (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
Light-induced Nrf2-/-mice as atrophic age-related macular degeneration model and treatment with nanoceria laden injectable hydrogel.

Elevated oxidative stress and associated reactive oxygen species (ros) accumulation are hallmarks in the induction and progression of age-related macular degeneration (amd).By exposing nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (nrf2) knockout (nrf2-/-) mice to mild white light, we were able to generate a new dry-amd like murine model to the study.This animal model developed phenotypes of photoreceptor degeneration, retinal function impairment, ros accumulation, and inflammation reaction in a relatively shorter time.In the treatment of this animal model we utilized an antioxidative and water soluble nanoparticle known as glycol chitosan coated cerium oxide nanoparticles (gccnp).The delivery of gccnp protected retina against progressive retinal oxidative damage.Further combination of gccnp with alginate-gelatin based injectable hydrogel provided synergistic antioxidant effects and achieved a more rapid recovery of the retinal pigment epithelium and photoreceptor cells.This combined treatment technique has the potential to translate into a clinical intervention for the treatment of amd.

Journal: Scientific reports (2019)
Publication types: Journal Article;Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Relationship between cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers of inflammation and tissue damage in primary progressive multiple sclerosis.

And objectives it is unclear to what extent intrathecal inflammation contributes to the pathogenesis in primary progressive multiple sclerosis (ppms).We conducted an exploratory study to investigate the degree of intrathecal inflammation and its association with biomarkers of disease activity and severity in patients with ppms.Methods we included patients with ppms who participated in a randomized controlled trial conducted at the danish multiple sclerosis center, patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (rrms) and healthy controls.We analyzed concentrations of a panel of cytokines in csf using electrochemiluminescence assays.We then explored the relationship between cytokines found in increased csf concentrations in patients with ppms (compared with healthy controls) with csf concentrations of neurofilament light chain (nfl) and myelin basic protein (mbp), ig g-index, and magnetic resonance imaging (mri) metrics (volume, magnetization transfer ratio and diffusion tensor imaging) from lesions, normal-appearing white matter, and cortical grey matter.Results we included 59 patients with ppms, 40 patients with rrms, and 21 healthy controls.In patients with ppms, csf concentrations of cc chemokine ligand 3 (ccl-3), cxc chemokine ligand 8 (cxcl-8), cxcl-10, interleukin (il)-10, il-15, and vascular endothelial growth factor (vegf)-a were increased compared with healthy controls and comparable with csf concentrations in patients with rrms.In addition, patients with ppms had increased csf concentrations of il-12p40, il-17a, tumor necrosis factor (tnf)-α, and lymphotoxin (lt)-α compared with healthy controls, but concentrations of these cytokines were even higher in patients with rrms.For the remaining seven cytokines (ccl22, interferon-γ, il-5, il-7, il-16, il-22, il-27), we found no difference between patients with ppms and healthy controls.Csf concentrations of nfl and mbp correlated weakly with concentrations of il-15, while the remaining proinflammatory cytokines were not associated with csf concentrations of nfl or mbp.The ig g-index correlated with four cytokines (il-10, il-12p40, tnf-α, and lt-α).We did not observe any significant associations between mri metrics and csf biomarkers of inflammation.Discussion in this exploratory study, we found few and weak associations between intrathecal inflammation and the extent of neuroaxonal damage and demyelination, and no associations between intrathecal inflammation and mri metrics, in patients with ppms.Our findings suggest that, for patients with ppms, these measures of intrathecal inflammation are not associated with the extent of neuroaxonal injury, demyelination, and disease severity, and these processes may therefore have less relevance in ppms than in relapsing forms of ms.

Journal: Multiple sclerosis and related disorders (2022)
Publication types: Randomized Controlled Trial;Journal Article
Modeling of infant safe sleep practice in a newborn nursery: a quality improvement initiative.

Sudden infant death syndrome (sids) is a leading cause of infant mortality in the us.The american academy of pediatrics has provided recommendations for infant sleeping position and environment to decrease sids rates.These recommendations reinforce the importance of modeling safe sleep practices in the newborn nursery.Although many quality improvement initiatives have been undertaken to improve safe sleep in the nursery, such efforts are sparse in low-volume birth hospitals.This project aimed to improve infant sleep practices in a 10-bed level i nursery using visual cues (crib cards) and nursing education.We defined "safe sleep practice" if a newborn slept in a safe position in a flat bassinet and in a safe environment.We measured safe sleep practices before and after the intervention using an audit tool.As a result, safe sleep practices improved from 32% (30/95) preintervention to 75% (86/115) postintervention (p< 0.01).This study demonstrates that implementing a quality improvement initiative to improve infant sleep practices in a low-volume nursery is feasible and impactful.

Journal: Proceedings (Baylor University. Medical Center) (2023)
Publication types: Journal Article
Representation of molecules for drug response prediction.

The rapid development of machine learning and deep learning algorithms in the recent decade has spurred an outburst of their applications in many research fields.In the chemistry domain, machine learning has been widely used to aid in drug screening, drug toxicity prediction, quantitative structure-activity relationship prediction, anti-cancer synergy score prediction, etc.This review is dedicated to the application of machine learning in drug response prediction.Specifically, we focus on molecular representations, which is a crucial element to the success of drug response prediction and other chemistry-related prediction tasks.We introduce three types of commonly used molecular representation methods, together with their implementation and application examples.This review will serve as a brief introduction of the broad field of molecular representations.

Journal: Briefings in bioinformatics (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article;Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural;Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.;Review
Exploring the Interface of Porous Cathode/Bipolar Membrane for Mitigation of Inorganic Precipitates in Direct Seawater Electrolysis.

Direct seawater electrolysis utilizes natural seawater as the electrolyte.Hydroxide ions generated from the hydrogen evolution reaction at the cathode induce the precipitation of inorganic compounds, which block the active sites of the catalysts, leading to high cell voltage.To mitigate inorganic scaling, herein, an optimized interface between a porous electrode and a bipolar membrane (bpm, as a separator) was suggested in zero-gap seawater electrolyzers.Despite the formation of inorganic deposits at the front side (facing bulk seawater) of the porous cathode due to the water reduction reaction, the back side facing the cation exchange layer of the bpm remained free from thick inorganic deposits.This was ascribed to the locally acidic environment generated by proton flux from water dissociation at the bpm, enabling stable hydrogen production via the proton reduction at low overpotential.This asymmetric hydrogen evolution reaction at the porous cathode led to a considerably lower cell voltage and higher stability than that achieved with the mesh electrode.Moreover, precipitation at the front side of the porous cathode was further mitigated through acidification of the seawater by introducing an open area of the bpm that was not in contact with the porous cathode, allowing free protons that were not involved in the electron transfer reaction to diffuse out into the bulk seawater.These findings may provide critical guidance for the investigation of interfacial phenomena for the complete mitigation of inorganic scaling in the direct electrolytic splitting of seawater.

Journal: ChemSusChem (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
Dendrimers, an Emerging Opportunity in Personalized Medicine?

Dendrimers are highly branched macromolecules tailorable at will to fulfil precise requirements.They have generated a great many expectations and a huge number of publications and patents in relation to medicine, including in relation to personalized medicine, but have resulted in very poor clinical translation up to now.As clinical trials are the first steps in view of developing new compounds for (a personalized) medicine, this review focusses on the clinical trials carried out with dendrimers.Many of these clinical trials have been recently posted (2020-2022); thus, only very few concern phase 3.The safety and efficiency of essentially two main types of dendrimers, based on polylysine and polyamidoamide scaffolds, have been assessed up to now.These dendrimers were tested with the aim of treating mainly bacterial vaginosis, cancers, and covid-19.

Journal: Journal of personalized medicine (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article;Review
Arthroscopic Anchor-Based Hip Capsular Reconstruction Without Graft Augmentation.

The hip capsule is one of the most important static stabilizers of the hip joint.Routine capsulotomy without closure during hip arthroscopy increases instability of the hip joint, leading to pain and dysfunction.Capsular repair is now part of routine practice for most hip arthroscopists with restoration of normal hip biomechanics.In patients requiring revision surgery due to ongoing pain and instability as a result of deficient capsule, capsular reconstruction often is necessary to restore hip stability.Although there are many techniques available both with and without the use of allograft tissue, the purpose of this report is to describe a novel technique for capsular reconstruction without the use of graft augmentation using suture anchors at the acetabular rim.

Journal: Arthroscopy techniques (2021)
Publication types: Journal Article
Ratiometric Electrochemistry: Improving the Robustness, Reproducibility and Reliability of Biosensors.

Electrochemical biosensors are an increasingly attractive option for the development of a novel analyte detection method, especially when integration within a point-of-use device is the overall objective.In this context, accuracy and sensitivity are not compromised when working with opaque samples as the electrical readout signal can be directly read by a device without the need for any signal transduction.However, electrochemical detection can be susceptible to substantial signal drift and increased signal error.This is most apparent when analysing complex mixtures and when using small, single-use, screen-printed electrodes.Over recent years, analytical scientists have taken inspiration from self-referencing ratiometric fluorescence methods to counteract these problems and have begun to develop ratiometric electrochemical protocols to improve sensor accuracy and reliability.This review will provide coverage of key developments in ratiometric electrochemical (bio)sensors, highlighting innovative assay design, and the experiments performed that challenge assay robustness and reliability.

Journal: Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) (2021)
Publication types: Journal Article;Review
Dissecting lipid droplet biology with coherent Raman scattering microscopy.

Lipid droplets (lds) are lipid-rich organelles universally found in most cells.They serve as a key energy reservoir, actively participate in signal transduction and dynamically communicate with other organelles.Ld dysfunction has been associated with a variety of diseases.The content level, composition and mobility of lds are crucial for their physiological and pathological functions, and these different parameters of lds are subject to regulation by genetic factors and environmental inputs.Coherent raman scattering (crs) microscopy utilizes optical nonlinear processes to probe the intrinsic chemical bond vibration, offering label-free, quantitative imaging of lipids in vivo with high chemical specificity and spatiotemporal resolution.In this review, we provide an overview over the principle of crs microscopy and its application in tracking different parameters of lds in live cells and organisms.We also discuss the use of crs microscopy in genetic screens to discover lipid regulatory mechanisms and in understanding disease-related lipid pathology.

Journal: Journal of cell science (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article;Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't;Review
Molecular Modeling in Anion Exchange Membrane Research: A Brief Review of Recent Applications.

Anion exchange membrane (aem) fuel cells have attracted growing interest, due to their encouraging advantages, including high power density and relatively low cost.Aem is a polymer matrix, which conducts hydroxide (oh-) ions, prevents physical contact of electrodes, and has positively charged head groups (mainly quaternary ammonium (qa) groups), covalently bound to the polymer backbone.The chemical instability of the quaternary ammonium (qa)-based head groups, at alkaline p h and elevated temperature, is a significant threshold in aemfc technology.This review work aims to introduce recent studies on the chemical stability of various qa-based head groups and transportation of oh- ions in aemfc, via modeling and simulation techniques, at different scales.It starts by introducing the fundamental theories behind aem-based fuel-cell technology.In the main body of this review, we present selected computational studies that deal with the effects of various parameters on aems, via a variety of multi-length and multi-time-scale modeling and simulation methods.Such methods include electronic structure calculations via the quantum density functional theory (dft), ab initio, classical all-atom molecular dynamics (md) simulations, and coarse-grained md simulations.The explored processing and structural parameters include temperature, hydration levels, several qa-based head groups, various types of qa-based head groups and backbones, etc.Nowadays, many methods and software packages for molecular and materials modeling are available.Applications of such methods may help to understand the transportation mechanisms of oh- ions, the chemical stability of functional head groups, and many other relevant properties, leading to a performance-based molecular and structure design as well as, ultimately, improved aem-based fuel cell performances.This contribution aims to introduce those molecular modeling methods and their recent applications to the aem-based fuel cells research community.

Journal: Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article;Review
Open reduction and internal fixation alone versus open reduction and internal fixation plus total hip arthroplasty for displaced acetabular fractures in patients older than 60 years: A prospective clinical trial.

Introduction the optimal treatment of elderly patients with an acetabular fracture is unknown.We conducted a prospective clinical trial to compare functional outcomes and reoperation rates in patients older than 60 years with acetabular fracture treated with open reduction and internal fixation (orif) alone versus orif plus concomitant total hip arthroplasty (orif + tha).Our hypothesis was that patients who had orif + tha would have better patient reported outcomes and lower reoperation rates postoperatively.Methods inclusion criteria were patients older than 60 years with acetabular fracture plus at least one of three fracture characteristics: dome impaction, femoral head fracture, or posterior wall component.Eligible patients were operative candidates based on fracture displacement, ambulatory status, and physiological appropriateness.Patients received either orif alone or orif + tha (accomplished at same surgery through same incision).Outcome measurements included western ontario and mc master universities osteoarthritis index hip score, short form 36, harris hip score, and patient satisfaction questionnaire short form scores.Additionally, patients were monitored for any unplanned reoperation within 2 years.Results forty-seven of 165 eligible patients with an average age of 70.7 years were included.The mean harris hip score difference favored orif + tha (mean difference, 12.3, [95% confidence interval (ci), -0.3 to 24.9, p = 0.07]).No clinically important differences were detected in any other validated outcome score or patient satisfaction score 1 year after surgery.Orif + tha decreased the absolute risk of reoperation by 28% (95% ci, 13% to 44%, p < 0.01).No postoperative hip dislocation occurred in either group.Conclusions in patients older than 60 years with an operative displaced acetabular fracture with specific fracture features (dome impaction, femoral head fracture, or posterior wall component), treatment with orif + tha resulted in fewer reoperations than treatment with orif alone.No differences in patient satisfaction and other validated outcome measures were detected.

Journal: Injury (2022)
Publication types: Clinical Trial;Journal Article
Implementing the STEADY Wellness Program to Support Healthcare Workers throughout the COVID-19 Pandemic.

The covid-19 pandemic has posed an ongoing threat to the mental wellbeing of countless individuals worldwide, with healthcare workers at particularly high risk.We developed the steady staff wellness program prior to the pandemic based on the available literature and input from stakeholders, guided by the knowledge-to-action (kta) implementation science framework.We quickly adapted the steady program for implementation in selected high-need units within canada's largest trauma hospital during the pandemic's first wave.This brief report describes implementation of the steady program, retroactively applying the structure of the knowledge-to-action implementation science framework to the practical steps taken.We identified the importance of more frequent, shorter contact with hcws that occurred in-person, with an emphasis on peer support.A flexible approach with strong support from hospital leadership were key facilitators.Our findings suggest that a flexible approach to practical program implementation, theoretically underpinned in best-practices, can result in an acceptable program that promotes increased hcw wellbeing during a pandemic.

Journal: Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article