syedzayyan/paper_mill_benchmark huggingface dataset:
Responses of terrestrial polar arthropods to high and increasing temperatures.

Terrestrial arthropods in the arctic and antarctic are exposed to extreme and variable temperatures, and climate change is predicted to be especially pronounced in these regions.Available ecophysiological studies on terrestrial ectotherms from the arctic and antarctic typically focus on the ability of species to tolerate the extreme low temperatures that can occur in these regions, whereas studies investigating species plasticity and the importance of evolutionary adaptation to periodically high and increasing temperatures are limited.Here, we provide an overview of current knowledge on thermal adaptation to high temperatures of terrestrial arthropods in arctic and antarctic regions.Firstly, we summarize the literature on heat tolerance for terrestrial arthropods in these regions, and discuss variation in heat tolerance across species, habitats and polar regions.Secondly, we discuss the potential for species to cope with increasing and more variable temperatures through thermal plasticity and evolutionary adaptation.Thirdly, we summarize our current knowledge of the underlying physiological adjustments to heat stress in arthropods from polar regions.It is clear that very little data are available on the heat tolerance of arthropods in polar regions, but that large variation in arthropod thermal tolerance exists across polar regions, habitats and species.Further, the species investigated show unique physiological adjustments to heat stress, such as their ability to respond quickly to increasing or extreme temperatures.To understand the consequences of climate change on terrestrial arthropods in polar regions, we suggest that more studies on the ability of species to cope with stressful high and variable temperatures are needed.

Journal: The Journal of experimental biology (2021)
Publication types: Journal Article;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
High-throughput single-сell sequencing in cancer research.

With advances in sequencing and instrument technology, bioinformatics analysis is being applied to batches of massive cells at single-cell resolution.High-throughput single-cell sequencing can be utilized for multi-omics characterization of tumor cells, stromal cells or infiltrated immune cells to evaluate tumor progression, responses to environmental perturbations, heterogeneous composition of the tumor microenvironment, and complex intercellular interactions between these factors.Particularly, single-cell sequencing of t cell receptors, alone or in combination with single-cell rna sequencing, is useful in the fields of tumor immunology and immunotherapy.Clinical insights obtained from single-cell analysis are critically important for exploring the biomarkers of disease progression or antitumor treatment, as well as for guiding precise clinical decision-making for patients with malignant tumors.In this review, we summarize the clinical applications of single-cell sequencing in the fields of tumor cell evolution, tumor immunology, and tumor immunotherapy.Additionally, we analyze the tumor cell response to antitumor treatment, heterogeneity of the tumor microenvironment, and response or resistance to immune checkpoint immunotherapy.The limitations of single-cell analysis in cancer research are also discussed.

Journal: Signal transduction and targeted therapy (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article;Review
Prediction of congenital heart disease for newborns: comparative analysis of Holt-Winters exponential smoothing and autoregressive integrated moving average models.

To describe the temporal trend of the number of new congenital heart disease (chd) cases among newborns in jinhua from 2019 to 2020 and explored an appropriate model to fit and forecast the tendency of chd.Methods data on chd from 2019 to 2020 was collected from a health information system.We counted the number of newborns with chd weekly and separately used the additive holt-winters es method and arima model to fit and predict the number of chd for newborns in jinhua.By comparing the mean square error, rooted mean square error and mean absolute percentage error of each approach, we evaluated the effects of different approaches for predicting the number of chd in newborns.Results a total of 1135 newborns, including 601 baby girls and 534 baby boys, were admitted for chd from his in jinhua during the 2-year study period.The prevalence of chd among newborns in jinhua in 2019 was 0.96%.Atrial septal defect was diagnosed the most frequently among all newborns with chd.The number of chd cases among newborns remained stable in 2019 and 2020.There were fewer cases in spring and summer, while cases peaked in november and december.The arima(2,1,1) model relatively offered advantages over the additive holt-winters es method in predicting the number of newborns with chd, while the accuracy of arima(2,1,1) was not very ideal.Conclusions the diagnosis of chd is related to many risk factors, therefore, when using temporal models to fit and predict the data, we must consider such factors' influence and try to incorporate them into the models.

Journal: BMC medical research methodology (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Optimizing antimicrobial therapy of sepsis and septic shock: focus on antibiotic combination therapy.

There has been little improvement in septic shock mortality in the past 70 years, despite ever more broad-spectrum and potent antimicrobials.In the past, resuscitative elements have been the primary area of clinical septic shock management and research.The question of the optimal use of antimicrobial therapy was relatively ignored in recent decades.This review explores the pathophysiology of sepsis in an attempt to produce a better understanding and define key determinants of antimicrobial therapy response in septic shock.Optimizing existing antimicrobials delivery can drive significant improvements in the outcome of sepsis and septic shock.Inappropriate antimicrobial selection and dosing or delays in the administration substantially increase mortality and morbidity in life-threatening infections.Definitive combination therapy (where a pathogen known to be susceptible to a given agent is additionally covered by another agent) remains controversial.Although some in vitro studies, animal models, and clinical studies of infection including endocarditis, gram-negative bacteremia, and neutropenic infections have supported combination therapy, the potential clinical benefit in other severe infections has been questioned.Several meta-analyses have failed to demonstrate improvement of outcome with combination therapy in immunocompetent patients with sepsis and/or gram-negative bacteremia.These meta-analyses did not undertake subgroup analyses of the septic shock population.This article reviews the existing evidence supporting combination therapy for severe infections, sepsis, and septic shock.

Journal: Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine (2015)
Publication types: Journal Article;Review
Stress, physical activity, sedentary behavior, and resilience-The effects of naturalistic periods of elevated stress: A measurement-burst study.

Stress is an important consideration for understanding why individuals take part in limited or no physical activity.The negative effects of stress on physical activity do not hold for everyone, so examinations of possible resilience resources that might protect individuals from the harmful effects of stress are required.Accordingly, we conducted a measurement-burst study with 53 university students over a 6-month period to examine the dynamics among stress, physical activity, sedentary behavior, and resilience resources.Participants completed three bursts of 6 days, with each burst separated by an 8-week gap.Expectations regarding the moderating effects of resilience resources were unsupported.Daily reports of academic and general stress were positively associated with sedentary behavior and negatively associated with light and moderate intensity physical activity.Hair cortisol concentration significantly moderated the association between academic stress and sedentary behavior, such that in bursts where cortisol was lower the daily positive association between stress and sedentary behavior was weaker.The finding that academic and general stress are dynamically associated with lower levels of light and moderate intensity physical activity and higher levels of sedentary behavior is an important extension to previous research, which has relied mainly on cross-sectional designs and self-report methods.Future research might examine resilience resources that are specific to the outcomes of interest rather than rely on generic resources.

Journal: Psychophysiology (2021)
Publication types: Journal Article;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
A Single Second Shell Amino Acid Determines Affinity and Kinetics of Linagliptin Binding to Type 4 Dipeptidyl Peptidase and Fibroblast Activation Protein.

Drugs targeting type 4 dipeptidyl peptidase (dpp-4) are beneficial for glycemic control, whereas fibroblast activation protein alpha (fap-α) is a potential target for cancer therapies.Unlike other gliptins, linagliptin displays fap inhibition.We compared biophysical and structural characteristics of linagliptin binding to dpp-4 and fap to better understand what differentiates linagliptin from other gliptins.Linagliptin exhibited high binding affinity (kd) and a slow off-rate (koff) when dissociating from dpp-4 (kd6.6 p m; koff5.1×10-5s-1), and weaker inhibitory potency to fap (kd301 n m; koff>1 s-1).Co-structures of linagliptin with dpp-4 or fap were similar except for one second shell amino acid difference: asp663 (dpp-4) and ala657 (fap).P h dependence of enzymatic activities and binding of linagliptin for dpp-4 and fap are dependent on this single amino acid difference.While linagliptin may not display any anticancer activity at therapeutic doses, our findings may guide future studies for the development of optimized inhibitors.

Journal: ChemMedChem (2021)
Publication types: Journal Article;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Linking physical activity to personal values: feasibility and acceptability randomized pilot of a behavioral intervention for older adults with osteoarthritis pain.

Osteoarthritis (oa) pain is common and leads to functional impairment for many older adults.Physical activity can improve oa outcomes for older adults, but few are appropriately active.Behavioral interventions can reduce physical activity barriers.We developed and tested a brief, novel behavioral intervention (i.e., engage-pa) for older adults combining values to enhance motivation and strategic activity pacing to improve arthritis-related pain and functioning and increase physical activity.Methods a randomized feasibility and acceptability pilot trial compared engage-pa to treatment-as-usual plus fitness tracker (tau+) in n = 40 adults age 65+ with oa pain in the knee or hip.Engage-pa involved two 60-min telephone sessions.All participants wore a fitness tracker to collect daily steps throughout the study and completed baseline and post-treatment assessments of secondary outcomes (arthritis-related pain and physical functioning, physical activity, psychological distress, psychological flexibility, and valued living).The impact of covid-19 on general well-being and physical activity was also assessed.Descriptive statistics were conducted for feasibility and acceptability outcomes.Indicators of improvement in secondary outcomes were examined via change scores from baseline to post-treatment and performing independent samples t-tests to assess for between-group differences.Results feasibility was high; 100% accrual, low (5%) attrition, and 100% completion of study sessions.Acceptability was high, with 89% finding the intervention "mostly" or "very" helpful.Engage-pa participants demonstrated improvements in arthritis pain severity (mdiff= 1.68, p = 0.044, 95% ci [- 0.26, 3.62]) and self-reported activity (mdiff= 0.875, p = 0.038, 95% ci [- 1.85, 0.98]) from baseline to post-treatment as compared to tau+.Due to pandemic-related challenges, there was a high level of missing data (43%) for daily steps, but available data showed no significant change in steps over time or between the groups.Covid-19 added an additional burden to participants, such that 50% were exercising less, 68% were more sedentary, and 72% lost access to spaces and social support to be active.Conclusions engage-pa is a promising brief, novel behavioral intervention with the potential to support older adults in improving arthritis-related pain and functioning and increasing physical activity.The feasibility and acceptability of engage-pa are particularly notable as most participants reported covid-19 added more barriers to physical activity.Trial registration clinical trials.gov, nct04490395 .Registered on july 29, 2020.

Journal: Pilot and feasibility studies (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
Comparative studies of deep learning segmentation models for left ventricle segmentation.

One of the primary factors contributing to death across all age groups is cardiovascular disease.In the analysis of heart function, analyzing the left ventricle (lv) from 2d echocardiographic images is a common medical procedure for heart patients.Consistent and accurate segmentation of the lv exerts significant impact on the understanding of the normal anatomy of the heart, as well as the ability to distinguish the aberrant or diseased structure of the heart.Therefore, lv segmentation is an important and critical task in medical practice, and automated lv segmentation is a pressing need.The deep learning models have been utilized in research for automatic lv segmentation.In this work, three cutting-edge convolutional neural network architectures (seg net, fully convolutional network, and mask r-cnn) are designed and implemented to segment the lv.In addition, an echocardiography image dataset is generated, and the amount of training data is gradually increased to measure segmentation performance using evaluation metrics.The pixel's accuracy, precision, recall, specificity, jaccard index, and dice similarity coefficients are applied to evaluate the three models.The mask r-cnn model outperformed the other two models in these evaluation metrics.As a result, the mask r-cnn model is used in this study to examine the effect of training data.For 4,000 images, the network achieved 92.21% dsc value, 85.55% jaccard index, 98.76% mean accuracy, 96.81% recall, 93.15% precision, and 96.58% specificity value.Relatively, the mask r-cnn outperformed other architectures, and the performance achieves stability when the model is trained using more than 4,000 training images.

Journal: Frontiers in public health (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Necrotizing Fasciitis Due to Prevotella denticola Infection in an Intravenous Drug User.

Intravenous drug users (ivdus) have an increased risk for various types of local and systemic infections including necrotizing fasciitis (nf), which is a life-threatening bacterial soft tissue infection that requires a prompt diagnosis and treatment.prevotella denticolais a part of the prevotellaspecies, which are obligate anaerobic, gram-negative rods related to bacteroidesgenus and often implicated in periodontal and dental disease, but have been associated with soft tissue infections and other systemic complications such as cerebral abscess and endocarditis.This case reports a 30-year-old female ivdu who presented with necrotizing fasciitis of the right anterior thigh with associated right knee septic arthritis due to prevotella denticola.The patient was treated with emergent irrigation and radical debridement along with iv antibiotic treatment for eight weeks.A review of literature was performed regarding necrotizing fasciitis caused by prevotellaspecies.Necrotizing fasciitis caused by prevotellaspecies is rare; however, there must be a high index of suspicion among ivdus to allow for a prompt diagnosis and treatment.

Journal: Cureus (2022)
Publication types: Case Reports;Journal Article
Microaneurysms visualisation using five different optical coherence tomography angiography devices compared to fluorescein angiography.

To compare fluorescein angiography (fa) and five different optical coherence tomography angiography (octa) devices and to test their reproducibility in the evaluation of retinal microaneurysms (mas) secondary to diabetic retinopathy (dr).Methods on the same day, patients with dr were imaged with fa and five octa devices: prototype spectralis octa, prototype plex elite, rtvue xr avanti, angio plex and dri oct triton.For all octa devices, a 3×3 volume scan pattern was performed.Mas were evaluated for the superficial capillary plexus (scp) and deep capillary plexus (dcp).Results twenty eyes of 15 patients with dr were included.Fa counted a significantly higher number of mas compared to octa devices.Spectralis octa obtained a significantly higher number of mas compared to plex elite, rtvue xr avanti, angio plex and dri oct triton (p<0.0001).Plex elite and angio plex showed a greater number of mas in the scp, spectralis octa, rtvue xr avanti and dri oct triton in the dcp.Higher sensitivity (43.3%) but lowest specificity (54.4%) was observed for spectralis octa compared to other devices.The higher specificity (78.5%) and positive predictive value (83.3%) were observed for dri oct triton.Conclusions fa remains the best imaging modality to visualise retinal mas.Spectralis octa was able to detect more mas compared to other devices, likely due to the higher number of b-scans in the scanned area as well as due to the higher number of repeated b-scans.The high variability between octa devices should be taken into account for future clinical trials as in clinical practice.

Journal: The British journal of ophthalmology (2021)
Publication types: Comparative Study;Journal Article
Heart transplantation using manubrium-sparing sternotomy for sternal re-entry.

We report a technique of heart transplantation performed by manubrium-sparing sternotomy for challenging re-entry after minimally invasive left ventricular assist device insertion.A t-shaped, manubrium-sparing sternotomy was performed using an oscillating saw up to the first intercostal space.After cardiopulmonary bypass was established via the right axillary artery and percutaneous venous cannulation of the right jugular and femoral vein, the outflow graft was ligated and divided via a left thoracotomy.All anastomoses were performed with a standard technique with an excellent exposure and outcome.

Journal: Journal of cardiac surgery (2022)
Publication types: Case Reports;Journal Article
Instrumental variable analyses for causal inference: Application to multilevel analyses of the alliance-outcome relation.

To introduce readers to instrumental variable analyses for causal inferences using as an example a test of the hypothesis that the quality of the therapeutic alliance has a causal role in relation to the outcome of psychotherapy.method:we used data from a recent non-inferiority trial of cognitive and dynamic therapies for major depressive disorder in a community mental health setting.The data (n= 161) were analyzed using standard approaches as well as a multilevel 2-stage instrumental variables approach that allows for causal interpretations by removing the influence of unmeasured confounds.results:instrumental variables were created at the patient and therapist level using baseline patient and therapist variables.These baseline variables predicted the alliance but were otherwise unrelated to treatment outcome other than through their effects on the alliance.Standard multilevel mixed effects analyses revealed statistically significant associations of the alliance with outcome at the therapist level of analysis.The therapist level effect remained statistically significant when using the instrumental variables approach.conclusion:our results support the hypothesis that, at least at the therapist level, the alliance plays a causal role in producing better outcomes.Instrumental variable analyses can be a useful tool to supplement standard analyses.

Journal: Psychotherapy research : journal of the Society for Psychotherapy Research (2020)
Publication types: Journal Article;Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural;Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
The Association of the Health Management Strategy with Subjective Health and Well-being Outcomes in General Population.

People face many obstacles to overcoming crisis in life and proactively manage life crises.This study aimed to evaluate the association of self-management strategy with subjective health and well-being for the general south korean population.Methods we recruited 1,200 respondents using an equal-probability sampling method from march to may 2018.A questionnaire including life version of the smart management strategy for health assessment tool (sat-life), the five health status questionnaire, short form-12, mc gill quality of life questionnaire (mqol), patient health questionnaire-9 (phq-9), and satisfaction with life scale (swls) was administered to participants.Results in multiple stepwise logistic regression model adjusted with basic demographic variables (age, sex, region, education and monthly income level), core strategy was independently associated with physical, mental, social, spiritual, and general health status (adjusted odds ratios [a ors], 1.97-2.92).Preparation strategy was independently associated with physical, mental, spiritual, and general health status (a ors, 2.36-3.31).Implementation strategy was independently associated with physical, social, spiritual, and general health status (a ors, 2.22-2.42).Core strategy and implementation strategy were independently associated with higher physical component score (a ors, 2.21-2.29) and higher mental component score (a ors, 1.68-1.76).Core strategy and preparation strategy were independently associated with lower phq-9 (a ors, 2.63-3.74).Pearson's correlation coefficients between scores on sat-life and the other factors (mqol social support, mqol spiritual well-being, and swls) explain having significant correlations ranging from 0.41-0.43.Conclusion self-management strategies of health might be encouraged to manage subjective health and well-being outcomes.

Journal: Journal of Korean medical science (2021)
Publication types: Journal Article