syedzayyan/paper_mill_benchmark huggingface dataset:
Characterization of natural rubber as a bolus material for electron beam radiotherapy.

Bolus is an accessory that is directly placed on the surface region to shift the radiation dose up to the skin during high energy photon and electron beam irradiations.The aim of this study was to mold the bolus using natural rubber material and assess both the physical and dosimetric characteristics.Materials and methods a natural rubber with additional plasticizer material was fabricated as a bolus sheet.The physical properties of natural rubber bolus sheets have been investigated using computed tomography (ct) images.Gafchromic ebt3 films were used to acquire the dose at depth of 0, 2, 3, and 3.5 cm for the 9-me v therapeutic electron beam.A comparison of our natural rubber bolus sheets to the commercial bolus sheets was studied.Results the in-house natural rubber bolus sheets with the thickness of 0.32 and 0.52 cm were successfully made.Relative electron density of the two sheets was consistent with each other.However, similar to the commercial boluses, the natural rubber boluses were not provided with the same ct number over the whole sheet.Different bolus material gave different dose at the surface.Both material and thickness of the bolus showed a stronger impact on the dose beyond the depth of maximum dose.Conclusion because of the density, simple fabrication, and vast availability, natural rubber material has an effective potential to be used as a bolus sheet in radiotherapy.

Journal: Reports of practical oncology and radiotherapy : journal of Greatpoland Cancer Center in Poznan and Polish Society of Radiation Oncology (2020)
Publication types: Journal Article
Effect of Baseline Characteristics on Hypoglycaemia Risk with Insulin Glargine 100 U/mL: Post Hoc Analysis of the BEYOND 7 Study.

Introduction beyond 7 demonstrated that a higher starting dose (0.3 u/kg) of insulin glargine 100 u/m l (gla-100) is as safe as the standard starting dose (0.2 u/kg) in chinese individuals with type 2 diabetes who had uncontrolled hyperglycaemia despite receiving oral antihyperglycaemic drugs.This post hoc analysis determined the effect of baseline characteristics on hypoglycaemia risk in these individuals.Methods participants from beyond 7 were assessed based on their age at baseline (< 60 vs.≥ 60 years), duration of diabetes (< 10 vs.≥ 10 years), glycated haemoglobin (hb a1c; < 9 vs.≥ 9%) and fasting plasma glucose level (fpg; < 11 vs.≥ 11 mmol/l).Endpoints included the proportion of participants with overall confirmed (≤ 3.9 mmol/l) and symptomatic hypoglycaemia, as well as the proportion of participants who achieved an hb a1c < 7% without hypoglycaemia, the time to first achievement of fasting blood glucose (fbg) < 7 mmol/l and the change in hb a1c from baseline between the two treatment arms in each of these subgroups.Results the proportion of participants with overall confirmed (6.1-16.7%) or symptomatic hypoglycaemia (5.7-18.4%) or the proportion who achieved hb a1c < 7.0% without hypoglycaemia (23.6-47.4%) was similar between the two treatment arms in all subgroups, with the exception of participants with a baseline duration of diabetes ≥ 10 years who experienced more symptomatic hypoglycaemia if initiating gla-100 at a dose of 0.3 versus 0.2 u/kg.Participants aged < 60 years with an hb a1c < 9% or ≥ 9% or a duration of diabetes of 2-10 years achieved an fbg < 7.0 mmol/l in a significantly shorter time with gla-100 starting dose of 0.3 u/kg versus 0.2 u/kg (all p < 0.001).No significant differences were seen among the subgroups in terms of change from baseline in hb a1c.Conclusions baseline age, duration of diabetes, hb a1c level and fpg level do not affect the risk of hypoglycaemia with a higher starting dose of gla-100 versus its standard starting dose.Trial registration clinical trials.gov: nct02836704.

Journal: Diabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders (2021)
Publication types: Journal Article
Infection of Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Virus as a Cause of a Child's Fever of Unknown Origin: A Case Report.

Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (sfts) is a tick-borne disease resulted from sftsv.It is found in japan, south korea, central, and eastern china.With the increasing prevalence of sfts and the rapid spread of the sfts virus (sftsv) vector, it is obvious that this virus has pandemic potential and poses an imminent public health concern.Case presentation we depict sfts in a child from anhui province and conduct a review of all reported pediatric cases in china, which is an endemic area for sfts.From 2011 to 2021, ten sfts pediatric cases confirmed by rt-pcr were reported, with no child dying.Although sfts cases in adolescents and children are uncommon, the reported literature showed that clinical symptoms in adolescents and children were milder than in adults.Conclusion to better understand this emerging disease, we described the clinical and epidemiological attributes of sfts.We suggest that the possibility of sftsv infection in children with seasonal and virus-related acute febrile diseases should be considered in major endemic areas.

Journal: Infection and drug resistance (2022)
Publication types: Case Reports;Journal Article
Integrated analysis and identification of nine-gene signature associated to oral squamous cell carcinoma pathogenesis.

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (oscc) is one of the leading cancers with poor disease survival rate.Herein, we explored molecular basis, in silico identification and in vitro verification of genes associated with oscc.Five gene expression series including, gse30784, gse13601, gse9844, gse23558 and gse37991 were screened for differentially expressed genes (degs).Gene ontology and kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (kegg) pathways were enriched by cluster profiler.Further, protein-protein interaction network was analysed and hub genes were verified.A total of 6476 (up-regulated: 2848; down-regulated: 3628) degs were identified among oscc patients and healthy controls.Gene ontology analysis indicated degs enrichment in cellular motility, invasion and adhesion processes.Kegg analysis revealed enrichment of pi3k-akt signalling, focal adhesion and regulation of actin cytoskeleton pathways.Subsequently, nine degs including app, ehmt1, acacb, pcna, plau, fst, hmga2, lamc2 and spp1were correlated with tcga expression data along with significant association towards patient's survival, recognized as hub genes.This dysregulated m rna signature of genes was validated in two oscc cell lines with an anti-cancer agent, fisetin.Fisetin inhibited the expression of app, ehmt1, pcna, plau, fst, hmga2, lamc2, spp1and upregulated the expression of acacbgene which were associated with growth inhibition of both the oscc cell lines.The regulatory effect of fisetin supported crucial role of nine hub genes identified in oscc.This study signified that hub genes and pathways might influence the aggressiveness of oscc.Thus, the proposed hub genes could be potential diagnostic biomarker and drug targets for oscc.Supplementary information the online version contains supplementary material available at .

Journal: 3 Biotech (2021)
Publication types: Journal Article
Benefit of Gene Expression Profiling in Gastrointestinal Neuroendocrine Tumors of Unknown Primary Origin.

/aim cancer of unknown primary (cup), representing 3-5% of all newly diagnosed cancers in the united states, is a presumptive, non-definitive diagnosis rendered when a primary tumor site cannot be identified after exhaustive diagnostic evaluation, including cases of neuroendocrine neoplasms (nens).Cups are characterized by findings that are challenging to reconcile, including inconclusive immunohistochemical (ihc) stains, an undifferentiated morphologic phenotype, history of multiple cancers, a clinical presentation that is discordant from histologic findings, an atypical distribution of metastases, or lack of expected response to treatment.For a significant subset of nens (10%), traditional diagnostic evaluation is unable to determine a primary tumor site using histomorphology and ihc stains.Gene expression profiling (gep) of either m rna or micro rna is the technique utilized in the three commercially available platforms that provide a prediction of tumor type in cases of diagnostic uncertainty of cups, including those with neuroendocrine differentiation.Case series report: here we present four cases of nens, where the diagnosis based upon histomorphological and ihc features presented a unique challenge that ultimately benefited from the integration of molecular tumor classification using the validated assay.Cancer type id by biotheranostics is based on a quantitative rt-pcr assay that uses a computational algorithm to measure the collective expression of 92 genes (87 cancer-related genes and 5 control genes).This case series reports five appropriate clinical scenarios that highlight the utility of a gep-based assay to effectively provide a molecular tumor classification to identify nen subtypes and tumor primary site of origin.Conclusion these cases demonstrated that the cancer type id test was able to resolve challenging diagnoses for primary and metastatic nens.These cases emphasize the clinical need of utilizing a gep-based assay for determining the anatomic site of origin and nen subtyping, both essential for the appropriate clinical management of nens.

Journal: Anticancer research (2022)
Publication types: Case Reports;Journal Article
Acute Venous Disease Anomalies in Critically Ill COVID-19 Patients.

Introduction other entities besides deep vein thrombosis (dvt) affecting the venous system, such as superficial vein phlebitis (svp) and superficial vein thrombophlebitis (svt), receive poor attention in the literature.However, both entities may propagate proximally into the deep venous system and progress to a dvt.To our knowledge, the relevance of other venous findings such as svp or svt in coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) patients has not been evaluated.This work aimed to assess the clinical, biochemical, and hematological variables associated with the incidence of acute venous diseases, such as dvt, svp, and svt, in a cohort of 74 critically ill covid-19 patients and their association with mortality.Methods given the high thrombotic risk, all patients underwent venous imaging with bedside ultrasound.Clinical variables were obtained from medical records.Comparisons were made by the chi-square test or fisher's exact test.We constructed kaplan-meier curves and used cox proportional hazard models to calculate hazard ratios for dichotomized risk factors to identify predictors of mortality.Spss version 21.0 (ibm corp., armonk, ny) was used for statistical analysis.Results svp occurred in 28 patients (37.8%), dvt in 22 patients (29.7%), and 28 patients died (37.8%).Elevated d-dimer was associated with dvt but not with svp.Neither svp nor dvt was associated with mortality.After adjusting for age, elevated troponins (or: 2.4, 95% ci: 1.1-5.4), platelets 7 (2.8, 1.3-6.3) were predictors of mortality.Conclusions acute venous findings such as svp and dvt are highly prevalent and independent of mortality in critically ill covid-19 patients.These entities are not related, although they may occur synchronically.Dvt is frequently presented as an asymptomatic distal bilateral finding associated with elevated d-dimer, decreased ferritin, and higher vasoactive drug use but independent from chronic venous disease.Interestingly, elevated troponins, decreased platelets, and a prognostic value > 7 of the improve bleeding score were predictors of mortality in this group of critically ill covid-19 patients.

Journal: Cureus (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
Safety evaluation of the food enzyme phospholipase A1 from the genetically modifiedAspergillus oryzaestrain NZYM-LJ.

The food enzyme phospholipase a1 (phosphatidylcholine 1-acylhydrolase; ec 3.1.1.32) is produced with the genetically modified aspergillus oryzaestrain nzym-lj by novozymes a/s.The genetic modifications do not give rise to safety concerns.The food enzyme is free from viable cells of the production organism and its dna.The food enzyme is intended to be used in baking processes.Dietary exposure to the food enzyme-total organic solids (tos) was estimated to be up to 0.09 mg tos/kg body weight (bw) per day in european populations.Genotoxicity tests did not indicate a safety concern.The systemic toxicity was assessed by means of a repeated dose 90-day oral toxicity study in rats.The panel identified a no observed adverse effect level of 957.3 mg tos/kg bw per day, the highest dose tested, which when compared with the estimated dietary exposure, results in a margin of exposure of at least 10,600.A search for similarity of the amino acid sequence of the food enzyme to known allergens was made and one match was found.The panel considered that, under the intended conditions of use the risk of allergic sensitisation and elicitation reactions by dietary exposure cannot be excluded, but the likelihood for this to occur is considered to be low.Based on the data provided, the panel concludes that this food enzyme does not give rise to safety concerns under the intended conditions of use.

Journal: EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
Intimate partner violence, suicidality, and self-harm: a probability sample survey of the general population in England.

Intimate partner violence (ipv) is a recognised risk factor for psychiatric disorders.There is little current evidence on ipv and self-harm and suicidality, and we therefore aimed to investigate the associations between experience of lifetime and past-year ipv with suicidal thoughts, suicide attempt, and self-harm in the past year.Methods we analysed the 2014 adult psychiatric morbidity survey, a cross-sectional survey of 7058 adults (aged ≥16 years) in england, which used a multistage random probability sampling design and involved face-to-face interviews.Participants were asked about experience of physical violence and sexual, economic, and emotional abuse from a current or former partner, and about suicidal thoughts, suicide attempts, and self-harm.Other adversities were recorded through an adapted version of the list of threatening experiences.Multivariable logistic regression models quantified associations between different indicators of lifetime and past-year ipv, with past-year non-suicidal self-harm, suicidal thoughts, and suicide attempts.All analyses were weighted.Findings using weighted percentages, we found that a fifth (21·4%) of 7058 adults reported lifetime experience of ipv, and that 27·2% of women and 15·3% of men had experienced ipv.Among women, 19·6% had ever experienced emotional ipv, 18·7% physical ipv, 8·5% economic ipv, and 3·7% sexual ipv, which was higher than in men (8·6%, 9·3%, 3·6%, and 0·3%, respectively).Findings for ethnicity were unclear.Lifetime prevalence of ipv was higher in those living in rented accommodation or deprived neighbourhoods.Among people who had attempted suicide in the past year, 49·7% had ever experienced ipv and 23·1% had experienced ipv in the past year (including 34·8% of women and 9·4% of men).After adjusting for demographics, socioeconomics, and lifetime experience of adversities, the odds ratio of a past-year suicide attempt were 2·82 (95% ci 1·54-5·17) times higher in those who have ever experienced ipv, compared with those who had not.Fully adjusted odds ratios for past-year self-harm (2·20, 95% ci 1·37-3·53) and suicidal thoughts (1·85, 1·39-2·46) were also raised in those who had ever experienced ipv.Interpretation ipv is common in england, especially among women, and is strongly associated with self-harm and suicidality.People presenting to services in suicidal distress or after self-harm should be asked about ipv.Interventions designed to reduce the prevalence and duration of ipv might protect and improve the lives of people at risk of self-harm and suicide.Funding uk prevention research partnership.

Journal: The lancet. Psychiatry (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
COVID-19 Outcomes and Vaccination in People with Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis Treated with Ofatumumab.

Introduction the sars-co v-2 pandemic necessitated better understanding of the impact of disease-modifying therapies on covid-19 outcomes and vaccination.We report characteristics of covid-19 cases and vaccination status in ofatumumab-treated relapsing multiple sclerosis (rms) patients.Methods covid-19 data analyzed were from the ongoing, open-label, long-term extension phase 3b alithios study from december 2019 (pandemic start) and post-marketing cases from august 2020 (ofatumumab first approval) up to 25 september 2021.Covid-19 cases, severity, seriousness, outcomes, vaccination status, and breakthrough infection were evaluated.Results as of 25 september 2021, 245 of 1703 patients (14.4%) enrolled in alithios receiving ofatumumab (median exposure: 2.45 years) reported covid-19 (confirmed: 210; suspected: 35).Most covid-19 was of mild (44.1%) or moderate (46.5%) severity, but 9% had severe/life-threatening covid-19.There were 24 serious cases (9.8%) with 23 patients hospitalized; 22 recovered and 2 died.At study cut-off, 241 patients (98.4%) had recovered or were recovering or had recovered with sequelae and 2 (0.8%) had not recovered.Ofatumumab was temporarily interrupted in 39 (15.9%) patients.Before covid-19 onset, ig g levels were within the normal range in all covid-19-affected patients, while ig m was < 0.4 g/l in 23 (9.4%) patients.No patient had a reinfection.Overall, 559 patients were vaccinated (full, 476; partial, 74; unspecified, 9).Breakthrough infection was reported in 1.5% (7/476) patients, and 11 reported covid-19 after partial vaccination.As of 25 september 2021, the novartis safety database (~ 4713 patient-treatment years) recorded 90 confirmed covid-19 cases receiving ofatumumab.Most cases were non-serious (n = 80), and ten were serious (1 medically significant, 9 hospitalized, 0 deaths).Among 36 of 90 cases with outcomes reported, 30 recovered and 6 did not recover.Conclusion covid-19 in rms patients on ofatumumab was primarily of mild/moderate severity and non-serious in these observational data.Most recovered from covid-19 without treatment interruption.Two people died with covid-19.Breakthrough covid-19 despite being fully/partially vaccinated was uncommon.

Journal: Neurology and therapy (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
Tumor-derived NKG2D ligand sMIC reprograms NK cells to an inflammatory phenotype through CBM signalosome activation.

Natural killer (nk) cell dysfunction is associated with poorer clinical outcome in cancer patients.What regulates nk cell dysfunction in tumor microenvironment is not well understood.Here, we demonstrate that the human tumor-derived nkg2d ligand soluble mic (s mic) reprograms nk cell to secrete pro-tumorigenic cytokines with diminished cytotoxicity and polyfunctional potential.Antibody clearing s mic restores nk cell to a normal cytotoxic effector functional state.We discovered that s mic selectively activates the cbm-signalosome inflammatory pathways in nk cells.Conversely, tumor cell membrane-bound mic (m mic) stimulates nk cell cytotoxicity through activating plc2γ2/slp-76/vav1 pathway.Ultimately, antibody targeting s mic effectuated the in vivo anti-tumor effect of adoptively transferred nk cells.Our findings uncover an unrecognized mechanism that could instruct nk cell to a dysfunctional state in response to cues in the tumor microenvironment.Our findings provide a rationale for co-targeting s mic to enhance the efficacy of the ongoing nk cell-based cancer immunotherapy.

Journal: Communications biology (2021)
Publication types: Journal Article;Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Enhance care continuity post COVID-19.

Although shortfalls in continuity were well described prior to coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19), the pandemic has created an opportunity to augment this critical component of care delivery, with the potential to improve patient-centered outcomes and enhance spending efficiency.

Journal: The American journal of managed care (2021)
Publication types: Journal Article
Malignancy-associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in children: a 10-year experience of a single pediatric hematology center.

Malignancy-associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (m-hlh) in children is a relatively rare but life-threatening secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (s hlh).Until now, only a limited number of cases regarding children with m-hlh has been reported.methods:we conducted a retrospective study of 27 children with m-hlh, who admitted to our center between july 2007 and october 2019.The clinical data and laboratory data were analyzed.results:the median age of the children with m-hlh was 7 years.Underlying diseases included myeloid malignancy (n= 6), lymphoid malignancy (n= 18) and unknown type lymphoma (n= 3).The one-year mortality rate was 56%.All patients had persistent fever.The clinical manifestations included hepatomegaly (89%), splenomegaly (67%) and central nervous system symptoms (56%).Thirteen children (48%) had epstein-barr virus (ebv) infection.No significant differences were observed between ebv-positive and negative m-hlh patients in terms of most clinical indicators.However, ebv-positive m-hlh patients showed prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time (aptt) and more hemophagocytosis in the bone marrow (bm) in contrast to ebv-negative patients.Eighteen patients (67%) received the hlh-94/04 regimen as the initial treatment.There were no significant differences in the overall survival (os) between ebv-positive and negative patients.Patients with prolonged aptt had a significantly poorer os than other patients (p= 0.012).conclusions:the m-hlh children with ebv infection are more likely to have prolonged aptt and more hemophagocytosis in bm.The m-hlh children had a poor prognosis, especially those with prolonged aptt.

Journal: Hematology (Amsterdam, Netherlands) (2020)
Publication types: Clinical Trial;Journal Article;Video-Audio Media
Color, composition, and thermal environment of Kuiper Belt object (486958) Arrokoth.

The outer solar system object (486958) arrokoth (provisional designation 2014 mu69) has been largely undisturbed since its formation.We studied its surface composition using data collected by the new horizons spacecraft.Methanol ice is present along with organic material, which may have formed through irradiation of simple molecules.Water ice was not detected.This composition indicates hydrogenation of carbon monoxide-rich ice and/or energetic processing of methane condensed on water ice grains in the cold, outer edge of the early solar system.There are only small regional variations in color and spectra across the surface, which suggests that arrokoth formed from a homogeneous or well-mixed reservoir of solids.Microwave thermal emission from the winter night side is consistent with a mean brightness temperature of 29 ± 5 kelvin.

Journal: Science (New York, N.Y.) (2020)
Publication types: Journal Article;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't;Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.