syedzayyan/paper_mill_benchmark huggingface dataset:
Satellite-observed glacier recession in the Kashmir Himalaya, India, from 1980 to 2018.

The study, first of its kind in the kashmir valley, uses a time series of satellite data (1980-2018) to determine the glacier health, which is critical for sustaining the perenniality of the rivers originating from the area.The role of topography, morphology and climate on the observed glacier recession was investigated.In total, 147 glaciers were mapped from 1980 image; ~ 72% of the glaciers have area ≤ 3 km2and a majority of them (123) are having size 3 km2in area (15.97 ± 5.13%).The glaciers situated between 4200 and 4400 m altitudes have receded more (~ 55 ± 5.01%) than those situated at altitudes > 4800 m (~ 19 ± 6.9%).Furthermore, the glaciers with steep slope (> 25) have witnessed lower recession (0.25 ± 0.15 km2a-1) compared to the glaciers with gentle slope (0.51 ± 0.22 km2a-1).The south-facing glaciers showed higher recession (~ 38%) compared with the north-facing glaciers (~ 27%).The findings suggest that the increase in temperature and decline in winter solid precipitation have resulted in the glacier recession with the consequent depletion of the streamflows, which, if continued in the future, would adversely affect the economy in the region.

Journal: Environmental monitoring and assessment (2020)
Publication types: Journal Article
Treatment of hyperemesis gravidarum with anthroposophic complex therapy in 3 case reports.

Hyperemesis gravidarum (hg) is generally characterized by intractable nausea and vomiting which interferes with daily life.As the cause of hg has not yet been clearly identified, conventional medicine therapies address only the symptoms.Conventional treatment is also effective for a comparatively short time and may have unfavorable side effects.Given that the condition affects more than 1% of pregnant women, there is a significant need for effective long-lasting treatments with limited side effects.Case reports this paper is based on three case reports of pregnant women suffering from hg.They received inpatient treatment based exclusively on anthroposophic medical approaches at the paracelsus hospital richterswil, switzerland.Treatments were selected individually based on the specific patient profiles and included infusion therapy with nux vomica, solum uliginosum compositum and bryophyllum pinnatum as well as art therapy (wet-on-wet painting), eurythmy therapy and rhythmical massage therapy.Anthroposophic complex therapies induced an improvement in symptoms of nausea and vomiting within one week in all three cases.Conclusion anthroposophic complex therapy is a valuable option in the treatment of hg.Well-tolerated and long-lasting, it represents a holistic and causal approach that does not only address symptoms.

Journal: Complementary therapies in medicine (2019)
Publication types: Case Reports;Journal Article
Memantine improves memory and hippocampal proliferation in adult male rats.

Neurogenesis occurs during the embryological development of the brain.However, it is universally accepted that in all adult mammalian brains, there are two sites of high-density cell division: the subventricular zone of the lateral ventricles (svz) and the subgranular zone (sgz) of the dentate gyrus of the hippocampal formation.Doxorubicin (dox) is an anthracycline agent which results in cognitive deterioration and memory impairment, whereas memantine (mem) is an nmda receptor antagonist which is approved for the treatment of alzheimer's dementia.Many studies have revealed mem's positive impact on memory and demonstrated that it stimulates neuronal division in the hippocampus.This study aimed to assess the effect of mem on spatial memory and neural proliferation in the hippocampus in adult male rats treated with dox.For this purpose, forty male sprague-dawley rats were divided into four groups of ten rats each according to the agent: control, mem (2.5 mg/kg), dox (2 mg/kg), and dox with mem.The rats were given seven intraperitoneal injections every other day.We tracked the rat's weights to assess the weight-reducing effects of the drugs.In order to test spatial memory, the rats were subjected to the novel location recognition (nlr) task 30 minutes after the last injection.Additionally, ki67 immunohistochemistry was performed to examine hippocampal proliferation.The results showed a significant reduction in discrimination index (di) in the dox-treated group compared to mem- (p < 0.001) and mem with dox-treated groups (p < 0.001).There was a significant increase in ki67-positive cells in the mem-treated group compared to the saline-treated group.Treatment with dox impaired hippocampal proliferation compared to treatment with mem or saline.The co-administration of mem with dox ameliorated the decline in hippocampal proliferation compared to treatment with dox alone.There was a significant weight reduction in the dox group in comparison to the control group, but mem attenuated dox-induced weight loss.Rats treated with dox displayed a drop in memory, hippocampal proliferation, and weight compared to the mem-treated group, whereas the co-administration of mem with dox protected memory, hippocampal proliferation, and doxorubicin-induced weight loss.

Journal: Folia neuropathologica (2021)
Publication types: Journal Article
Differential impact of acidic and alkaline conditions on hydrothermal pretreatment, fermentation and anaerobic digestion of sludge.

Anaerobic digestion and fermentation processes in wastewater sludge treatment are limited by several factors, including the slow breakdown of complex organic matter and solubilization of solids.In this study, thermochemical pretreatment of thickened waste activated sludge using high temperature (>170 °c) was investigated to understand the impact of the pretreatment on the volatile fatty acids (vfa) production and its fractions during the fermentation process.Furthermore, the influence the thermochemical pretreatment on sludge disintegration and methane recovery was investigated.A range of acidic and alkaline conditions over the p h range of 4.5-10 was examined.Sludge (p h adjusted) was exposed to hydrothermal pretreatment (htp) at a temperature of 170 °c for 30 min.Pretreated samples were then subjected to batch fermentation and methane potential tests which revealed that acidic and alkaline conditions resulted in increased sludge solubilization during htp.Acidic conditions were associated with a higher vfa production yield of up to 185 mg chemical oxygen demand/g total chemical oxygen demand.Alkaline conditions led to a higher methane production yield where the maximum yield (276 m l ch4/g total chemical oxygen demandadded) was found to occur at p h 10.Therefore, alkaline sludge used for fermentation has shown technical and economic feasibility for sludge carbon recovery.

Journal: Water science and technology : a journal of the International Association on Water Pollution Research (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
The effect of edaravone combined with DL-3-N-butylphthalide on the levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-10, neuron-specific enolase and effect in patients with acute cerebral infarction.

This study observed the effects of edaravone combined with dl-3-n-butylphthalide (nbp) on the serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (tnf-α), interleukin-10 (il-10), and neuron-specific enolase (nse), and its therapeutic effect in patients with acute cerebral infarction (aci).The purpose of this study was to explore whether edaravone combined with nbp could improve the neurological function of patients with aci.A total of 86 patients with aci were enrolled in this study; 43 patients were randomly assigned to the control group and treated with edaravone only, while the other 43 patients were assigned to the intervention group and treated with a combination of edaravone and nbp.The course of treatment lasted 14 days, and the basic drug treatment was the same in both groups.The effective rate of activity of daily living scores (adl) was significantly higher in the intervention than in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (p<0.05).After the treatment had been administered, the national institute of health stroke scale scores of the two groups were lower than before the treatment, and the scores were lower in the intervention compared with the control group; the difference was statistically significant (p<0.05).After the treatment had been administered, the serum levels of tnf-α and nse were significantly lower in the intervention than in the control group, and the serum il-10 level was significantly higher in the intervention than in the control group; the differences were statistically significant (p<0.05).Edaravone combined with nbp improved the neurological function of patients with aci, improved their quality of life, significantly decreased the serum levels of tnf-a and nse, increased the serum il-10 level, and had a better effect.This combination therapy method can be adopted in clinics to treat patients with aci.

Journal: Journal of physiology and pharmacology : an official journal of the Polish Physiological Society (2022)
Publication types: Randomized Controlled Trial;Journal Article
Adaptive evolution of major histocompatibility complex class I immune genes and disease associations in coastal juvenile sea turtles.

Characterizing polymorphism at the major histocompatibility complex (mhc) genes is key to understanding the vertebrate immune response to disease.Despite being globally afflicted by the infectious tumour disease fibropapillomatosis (fp), immunogenetic variation in sea turtles is minimally explored.We sequenced theα1peptide-binding region of mhc class i genes (162 bp) from 268 juvenile green (chelonia mydas) and 88 loggerhead (caretta caretta) sea turtles in florida, usa.We recovered extensive variation (116 alleles) and trans-species polymorphism.Supertyping analysis uncovered three functional mhc supertypes corresponding to the three well-supported clades in the phylogeny.We found significant evidence of positive selection at seven amino acid sites in the class i exon.Random forest modelling and risk ratio analysis of ch.Mydasalleles uncovered one allele weakly associated with smooth fp tumour texture, which may be associated with disease outcome.Our study represents the first characterization of mhc class i diversity in ch.Mydasand the largest sample of sea turtles used to date in any study of adaptive genetic variation, revealing tremendous genetic variation and high adaptive potential to viral pathogen threats.The novel associations we identified between mhc diversity and fp outcomes in sea turtles further highlight the importance of evaluating genetic predictors of disease, including mhc and other functional markers.

Journal: Royal Society open science (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
Seven air-core fibers with germanium-doped high-index rings supporting hundreds of OAM modes.

In this paper, we propose and design a multi-orbital-angular-momentum multi-ring air-core fiber, which has seven high-index rings with each ring supporting 62 radially fundamental oam modes across c and l bands (from 1530 nm to 1625 nm), i.e.434 oam modes in total.The designed fiber features >4×10-4intra-ring modal indices difference for oam modes with the same topological charge l in a ring across the c and l bands.Moreover, it can keep <-52 d b crosstalk between the oam modes in the adjacent rings at 1550 nm, and <-24 d b crosstalk across c and l bands after 100-km fiber propagation.This kind of seven-air-core-ring fiber would be a robust candidate for transmitting efficient oam modes and boosting the capacity of optical fiber communications systems.

Journal: Optics express (2021)
Publication types: Journal Article
The association between serum sex steroid hormone concentrations and intraprostatic inflammation in men without prostate cancer and irrespective of clinical indication for biopsy in the placebo arm of the Prostate Cancer Prevention Trial.

Intraprostatic inflammation is an emerging prostate cancer risk factor.Estrogens are pro-inflammatory while androgens are anti-inflammatory.Thus, we investigated whether serum sex steroid hormone concentrations are associated with intraprostatic inflammation to inform mechanistic links among hormones, inflammation, and prostate cancer.Methods we conducted a cross-sectional study among 247 men in the placebo arm of the prostate cancer prevention trial who had a negative end-of-study biopsy, most (92.7%) performed without clinical indication per trial protocol.Serum estradiol, estrone, and testosterone were previously measured by immunoassay in pooled baseline and year 3 serum.Free estradiol and free testosterone were calculated.Inflammation was visually assessed (median of three prostate biopsy cores per man).Polytomous or logistic regression was used to estimate the odds ratio (or) and 95% confidence interval (ci) of some or all cores inflamed (both vs none) or any core inflamed (vs none) by hormone tertile, adjusting for age, race, and family history.We evaluated effect modification by waist circumference and body mass index (bmi).Results in all, 51.4% had some and 26.3% had all cores inflamed.Free (p-trend = .11) but not total estradiol was suggestively inversely associated with all cores inflamed.In men with waist circumference greater than or equal to 102 cm (p-trend = .021) and bmi ≥ 27.09 kg/m2(p-trend = .0037) free estradiol was inversely associated with any core inflamed.Estrone was inversely associated with all cores inflamed (t3: or = 0.36, 95% ci 0.14-0.95, p-trend = .036).Total (t3: or = 1.91, 95% ci 0.91-4.02, p-trend = .11) and free (t3: or = 2.19, 95% ci 1.01-4.74, p-trend = .05) testosterone were positively associated with any core inflamed, especially free testosterone in men with waist circumference less than 102 cm (t3: or = 3.51, 95% ci 1.03-12.11, p-trend = .05).Conclusions in this first study in men without prostate cancer and irrespective of clinical indication for biopsy, contrary to the hypothesis, circulating estrogens appeared to be inversely associated, especially in heavy men, whereas androgens appeared to be positively associated with intraprostatic inflammation.

Journal: The Prostate (2020)
Publication types: Journal Article;Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Bacterial infections epidemiology and factors associated with multidrug resistance in the northern region of Ghana.

Bacterial infections caused by multidrug resistant organisms are a major global threat.There is still a knowledge gap on this situation in the northern region of ghana.This study determined the prevalence and resistance profile of bacterial infections.It also identified factors associated with multidrug resistance in the study area.This was a retrospective cross-sectional design and it analyzed data from the samples received at the tamale zonal public health reference laboratory from june 2018 to may 2022.The data were analyzed using the r software version 4.2.0.Univariate and multivariable binary logistic regression analyses were used to determine the factors associated with multidrug resistance.The samples included all specimen types possible.The specimens were collected for the purpose of clinical bacteriology diagnostics.Overall a total of 1222 isolates were obtained.The three (3) main bacteria responsible for infections were: klebsiella spp.(27%), moraxella spp.(22%), escherichia spp.(16%).High resistance levels were found against the tested antibiotics and about 41.60% of the bacterial strains isolated were multidrug resistant.Hospitalization was associated with multidrug resistance in univariate (cor 1.96; 95% ci 1.43-2.71; p-value < 0.001) and multivariable analyses (aor 1.78; 95% ci 1.28-2.49; p-value < 0.001).There is the need for further research on the molecular epidemiology of antibiotic resistance genes in the study area to effectively control the spread of multidrug resistant pathogens.In addition, efforts to build the capacity of health professionals on infection prevention and control as well as diagnostic and antimicrobial stewardship needs urgent attention.

Journal: Scientific reports (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
Ferrocene-Doped Polystyrene Nanoenzyme and DNAzyme Cocatalytic SERS Quantitative Assay of Ultratrace Pb2.

A new, stable and high-catalytic activity ferrocene-doped polystyrene nanosphere (pnfer) sol was prepared by the hydrogel procedure and characterized by electron microscopy and molecular spectroscopy.Results show that the nanosol exhibits excellent catalysis of the new indicator nanoreaction between ag no3and sodium formate to generate nanosilver with strong surface-enhanced raman scattering (sers), resonance rayleigh scattering (rrs) and surface plasmon resonance absorption (abs) trimode molecular spectral signals.This new nanocatalytic amplification trimode indicator reaction was coupled with the g-quadruplex dnazyme catalytic amplification of pb2+aptamer to fabricate a new sers quantitative/rrs/abs assay platform for the determination of ultratrace amounts of pb2+.The pb2+content in water samples was analyzed with satisfactory results.

Journal: Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
Association between COVID-19 and Sick Leave for Healthcare Workers in a Large Academic Hospital in Southern Italy: An Observational Study.

Studies have shown that the pandemic has led to an increase in sick leave periods among healthcare workers (hcws); however, this might have changed over time considering increase in vaccination coverage and change in covid-19 variant predominance.Therefore, we conducted an observational study to evaluate whether the type of symptoms and the duration of sick leave period for healthcare workers working in a large university hospital in the south of italy changed between january 2021 and january 2022; 398 cases of covid-19 were identified for a total of 382 subjects involved.A total of 191 subjects answered the questionnaire about symptoms; of these, 79 had covid-19 during the period from march 2020 until february 2022.The results showed a decrease of about 1.2 days in sick leave period for each quarter without finding significant differences in the perception of symptoms.It is possible to hypothesize a contribution from the omicron variant to the decrease in sick leave period in the last quarter, from vaccination coverage, from optimization of covid-19 management, and from change in the regulations for the assessment of positivity.

Journal: International journal of environmental research and public health (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article;Observational Study
Structural covariance networks in schizophrenia: A systematic review Part II.

Examination of structural covariance network (scn) is gaining prominence among the strategies to delineate dysconnectivity that case-control morphometric comparisons cannot address.Part ii of this review extends on the part i of the review that included scn studies using statistical approaches by examining scn studies applying graph theoretic approaches to elucidate network properties in schizophrenia.This review also includes scn studies using graph theoretic or statistical approaches on persons at-risk for schizophrenia.Methods a systematic literature search was conducted for peer-reviewed publications using different keywords and keyword combinations for schizophrenia and risk for schizophrenia.Thirteen studies on schizophrenia and five on persons at risk for schizophrenia met the criteria.Results a variety of findings from over the last 11⁄2 decades showing qualitative and quantitative differences in the global and local structural connectome in schizophrenia are described.These observations include altered hub patterns, disrupted network topology and hierarchical organization of the brain, and impaired connections that may be localized to default mode, executive control, and dorsal attention networks.Some of these connectomic alterations were observed in persons at-risk for schizophrenia before the onset of the illness.Conclusions observed disruptions may reduce network efficiency and capacity to integrate information.Further, global connectomic changes were not schizophrenia-specific but local network changes were.Existing studies have used different atlases for brain parcellation, examined different morphometric features, and patients at different stages of illness making it difficult to conduct meta-analysis.Future studies should harmonize such methodological differences to facilitate meta-analysis and also elucidate causal underpinnings of dysconnectivity.

Journal: Schizophrenia research (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article;Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural;Systematic Review
The effect of calcium channel blocker (CCB) treatment on retinal and choroidal vessels in a group of hypertensive patients.

The present study was designed to observe the vasoreactivity in retina and choroid after calcium channel blocker (ccb) treatment in a group of hypertensive patients.Method the study was based on 56 hypertensive patients (56 eyes) and 56 control subjects (56 eyes).Choroidal scans and the measurement of peripapillary retinal vessel diameters was performed at baseline and optical coherence tomography (oct) scans were also performed at first month .Subfoveal choroidal thickness (sfct) and the diameters of superior temporal artery (sta), inferior temporal artery (ita), superior temporal vein (stv), inferior temporal vein (itv) were compared between the groups.Results the baseline diameters of the sta, ita were significantly decreased in the patient group compared with the control group (all p .05).The average choroidal thickness measurements of the hypertensive group was lower than the control group (p = .404) and there was a tendency to increase after the treatment (p = .055).Conclusion this study demonstrates that, treatment with ccb seems to improve retinal arteries and has almost no affect on the choroidal thickness in newly diagnosed hypertensive patients.

Journal: Clinical and experimental hypertension (New York, N.Y. : 1993) (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article