syedzayyan/paper_mill_benchmark huggingface dataset:
Exploring Purification Methods of Exosomes from Different Biological Samples

Exosomes were extracted from a variety of biological samples using several different purification processes, and our goal was to determine which method and sample were the most effective for exosome extraction.Methods .We used exo quick‐tc combined with ultrafiltration to separate and purify exosomes from the supernatant of gastric cancer cells, while we used the exo quick kit and ultracentrifugation to purify exosomes from human serum samples.Furthermore, exosomes were isolated and purified from human urine samples by diafiltration and from postparturition human breast milk samples by the filtration‐polyethylene glycol precipitation method.The isolated exosomes were morphologically analyzed using a transmission electron microscope, the particle size was measured by nano sight, and the protein content was analyzed by western blotting.Results .The isolated exosomes showed an obvious cup holder shape, with a clear outline and typical exosome morphological characteristics.The sizes of exosomes derived from gastric cancer cell supernatant, serum, urine, and milk were 65.8 ± 26.9 nm, 87.6 ± 50.9 nm, 197.5 ± 55.2 nm, and 184.1 ± 68.7 nm, respectively.Western blot results showed that cd9 and tsg101 on the exosomes were expressed to varying degrees based on the exosome source.Exosome abundance was higher in the serum, urine, and breast milk than in the supernatant.It is suggested that its exosomes can be extracted to obtain an excellent potential biological source of exosomes.Conclusion .In this study, the extraction and separation methods of foreign bodies from different biological samples were obtained, and it was found that human breast milk was a potential excellent material for administration because of its high abundance.

Journal: BioMed Research International (2023)
Publication types: Research Article;
Exploration of the Value of Combined UA, IL-6, and fPSA/tPSA in the Diagnosis of Prostate Cancer

To investigate the differences in uric acid (ua), interleukin-6 (il-6), and free prostatic-specific antigen (f psa)/total prostatic-specific antigen (t psa) (f/t) between patients with and without prostate cancer (pca) in order to discover the value of the three indicators in improving pca diagnostic accuracy.Methods.Patients with pathologically diagnosed pca (pca group, n = 25 ), patients with other benign prostate diseases (benign group, n = 25 ), and men who underwent normal physical examination (control group, n = 25 ) at the first affiliated hospital of guangzhou university of chinese medicine between october 2020 and january 2021 were included.The serum ua, il-6, and f/t levels of participants in the three groups were measured, and the measured data were statistically analyzed.Results.There were statistically significant differences in il-6 and f/t among the three groups (all p &lt; 0.05 ), but there were no statistically significant differences in ua ( p &gt; 0.05 ).The area under the receiver operating characteristic (roc) curve (auc) for the three indicators was, respectively, as follows: pca group-benign group 0.5416, 0.6776, and 0.6832; pca group-control group 0.5432, 0.9536, and 0.9887; and benign group-control group 0.5000, 0.8784, and 0.9456.Logistic regression analysis indicated that il-6 and f/t were independent predictors of pca, with aucs of 0.6776 and 0.6832, respectively, and a combined accuracy of 72.0%.Conclusion.These results suggest that il-6 and f/t have a good detection effect for pca screening.Compared with the detection of f/t alone, the combined detection of il-6 and f/t can improve the diagnosis rate of pca to a certain extent, providing effective guidance for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of patients.The value of ua needs to be further studied, and its feasibility in the diagnosis of pca needs to be further explored.

Journal: Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine (2022)
Publication types: Research Article;
Excimer Laser Corneal Refractive Surgery in the Clinic: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

To systematically evaluate the efficacy, safety, recovery speed, and long-term visual quality of excimer laser corneal refractive surgery and to provide evidence-based medicine for the promotion and use of excimer laser corneal refractive surgery.Methods.Randomized controls on excimer laser refractive surgery in web of science, pub med, embase, science direct, cochrane library, china knowledge network (cnki), china vip database, wan fang database, and china biomedical literature database (cbm) were searched by the computer.Randomized controlled trial (rct) data were extracted independently by two researchers, and the risk of bias of each included rct was assessed according to the cochrane handbook 5.1.0 criteria.Meta-analysis of the collected data was performed using rev man5.4 statistical software.Results.In the end, 9 high-quality literatures were included, with a total of 4366 samples, and meta-analysis was used.There was no significant difference in uncorrected visual acuity wmd after excimer laser keratorefractive surgery, but there was a statistically significant difference in wmd in the safety of excimer laser keratorefractive surgery.The results of uncorrected visual acuity (close) indicated the following: chi2 = 13.56, df = 5, p = 0.02, and i2 = 100%; the results of uncorrected visual acuity (distance) indicated the following: chi2 = 34.44, df =5 (p &lt; 00000), and i2 = 85%; the results of best corrected visual acuity (myopia) indicated the following: chi2 = 0.65, df = 3, p = 088 &gt; 0.05, and i2 = 0%; the results of best corrected visual acuity (hyperopia) indicated the following: chi2 = 1.80, df = 3, p = 0.61 &gt; 0.05, and i2 = 0%.Conclusion.Excimer laser corneal refractive surgery is safe and effective, with faster recovery and better long-term visual acuity treatment effect.However, more studies and follow-up with higher methodological quality and longer intervention time are needed for further validation.

Journal: Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine (2022)
Publication types: Meta-Analysis;Review Article;
Evidence-Based Analysis of the Emergency Temporary Cardiac Pacing (Electrical Stimulation from Metal Wire Electrode)

The patient’s cr (creatinine), bun (blood urea nitrogen), hbg (hemoglobin), vt (ventricular tachycardia), pacing frequency, puncture point, emergency to permanent pacing time, pacing current (m a), pacing threshold current (m a), and admission diagnosis data were collected.The data were subjected to frequency statistics, curve regression analysis, pls regression analysis, adjustment analysis, chi-square test, ridge regression analysis, discriminant analysis, negative binomial regression analysis, poisson regression analysis, and stepwise regression analysis.Some findings include the following: (1) cr has a significant positive effect on hbg, and bun has a significant negative effect on hbg.(2) vt has a negative correlation with age and a positive correlation with ck-mb and ck (creatinine kinase).(3) myocarditis has a negative correlation with age and a significant positive correlation with ctn i (cardiac troponin i).(4) ast (aspartate transaminase) and alt (alanine aminotransferase) have a significant positive impact on ddi (d-dimer), while ctn i has a significant negative impact on ddi.Myo (myoglobin) has no impact relationship to ddi.(5) alt has a significant positive relationship with aptt (partial thromboplastin time).(6) alb (albumin) and tbil (total bilirubin) have a significant positive effect on plt (platelet) count, while pro-bnp (b-type natriuretic peptide) and myo have a significant negative effect on plt.(7) ck has a significant positive effect on inr (international normalized ratio).(8) the relationship between sinus node dysfunction and vt significantly affect the pacing frequency (beats/minute).For third-degree atrioventricular block, different samples of sinus node dysfunction showed significant differences.(9) there is a significant positive correlation between pacing current (m a) and pacing threshold current (m a).(10) there was a significant positive correlation between perceived voltage (m v) and the time from emergency to permanent pacing.Admission diagnosis has a significant positive impact on the time from emergency to permanent pacing.The change (increase) in time from emergency to permanent pacing was 1.137-fold when an additional condition was diagnosed on admission.

Journal: Bioinorganic Chemistry and Applications (2021)
Publication types: Research Article;
Evaluation of Ischemic Penumbra in Stroke Patients Based on Deep Learning and Multimodal CT

In order to investigate the value of multimodal ct for quantitative assessment of collateral circulation, ischemic semidark zone, core infarct volume in patients with acute ischemic stroke (ais), and prognosis assessment in intravenous thrombolytic therapy, segmentation model which is based on the self-attention mechanism is prone to generate attention coefficient maps with incorrect regions of interest.Moreover, the stroke lesion is not clearly characterized, and lesion boundary is poorly differentiated from normal brain tissue, thus affecting the segmentation performance.To address this problem, a primary and secondary path attention compensation network structure is proposed, which is based on the improved global attention upsampling u-net model.The main path network is responsible for performing accurate lesion segmentation and outputting segmentation results.Likewise, the auxiliary path network generates loose auxiliary attention compensation coefficients, which compensate for possible attention coefficient errors in the main path network.Two hybrid loss functions are proposed to realize the respective functions of main and auxiliary path networks.It is experimentally demonstrated that both the improved global attention upsampling u-net and the proposed primary and secondary path attention compensation networks show significant improvement in segmentation performance.Moreover, patients with good collateral circulation have a small final infarct area volume and a good clinical prognosis after intravenous thrombolysis.Quantitative assessment of collateral circulation and ischemic semidark zone by multimodal ct can better predict the clinical prognosis of intravenous thrombolysis.

Journal: Journal of Healthcare Engineering (2021)
Publication types: Research Article;
Evaluation of Glucocorticoid Therapy in Asthma Children with Small Airway Obstruction Based on CT Features of Deep Learning

This study was aimed at exploring the treatment of asthma children with small airway obstruction in ct imaging features of deep learning and glucocorticoid.A total of 145 patients meeting the requirements in hospital were included in this study, and they were randomly assigned to receive aerosolized glucocorticoid ( n = 45 ), aerosolized glucocorticoid combined with bronchodilator ( n = 50 ), or oral steroids ( n = 50 ) for 4 weeks after discharge.The lung function and fractional exhaled nitric oxide (feno) indexes of the three groups were measured, respectively, and then the effective rates were compared to evaluate the clinical efficacy of glucocorticoids with different administration methods and combined medications in the short-term maintenance treatment after acute exacerbation of asthma.Deep learning algorithm was used for ct image segmentation.The ct image is sent to the workbench for processing on the workbench, and then the convolution operation is performed on each input pixel point during the image processing.After 4 weeks of maintenance treatment, fef50 %, fef75 %, and mmef75/25 increased significantly, and feno decreased significantly ( p &lt; 0.01 ).The improvement results of fef50 %, fef75 %, mmef75/25, and feno after maintenance treatment were as follows: the oral hormone group was the most effective, followed by the combined atomization inhalation group, and the hormone atomization inhalation group was the least effective.The differences among them were statistically significant ( p &lt; 0.05 ).The accuracy of artificial intelligence segmentation algorithm was 81%.All the hormones were more effective than local medication in the treatment of small airway function and airway inflammation.In the treatment of aerosol inhalation, the hormone combined with bronchiectasis drug was the most effective in improving small airway obstruction and reducing airway inflammation compared with single drug inhalation.Deep learning ct images are simple, noninvasive, and intuitively observe lung changes in asthma with small airway functional obstruction.Asthma with small airway functional obstruction has high clinical diagnosis and evaluation value.

Journal: Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine (2021)
Publication types: Clinical Study;
Evaluation of Cardiac Function of Pregnant Women with High Blood Pressure during Gestation Period and Coupling of Hearts with Peripheral Vessels by Ultrasonic Cardiogram under Artificial Intelligence Algorithm

The research was aimed at analyzing the value of the optimized e xtreme gradient boosting (xgboost) algorithm-based ultrasound cardiogram images in the diagnosis of pregnant hypertension patients.A total of 145 pregnant women (85 cases suffered from hypertension disease during pregnancy and 60 other normal women were healthy) were selected as the reference to the comparison and analysis of ultrasound cardiac function parameter, common carotid artery parameter, and the coupling relationship between hearts and cervical vessels of pregnant hypertension patients.The results demonstrated ultrasound cardiac function parameter of pregnant hypertension patients as follows.The maximum volume of the left atrium (lavmax) was 35.65 mm, left ventricular end-systolic volume (lvesv) was 31.07 mm, and left ventricular end-diastolic volume (lvedv) was 88.73 mm.All the above indexes were obviously higher than those of the normal control group ( p &lt; 0.05 ).Besides, intima-media thickness (imt) of common carotid artery (465.84 μm), pulse wave velocity (pwv) (8.09 m/s), pressure of turning point 1 from isovolumic contraction phase to ejection phase (pt1) (126.5 mm hg), arterial enhancement pressure (ap) (6.14 mm hg), and arterial pressure enhancement index (8.58%) were all significantly higher than those of the normal control group ( p &lt; 0.05 ).In addition, the correlation between the coupling ( e / a ) of hearts and carotid artery of pregnant hypertension patients and pwv was not obvious ( r = − 0.08432 , p &gt; 0.05 ).The results of the research indicated that intima-media inside carotid artery of pregnant hypertension patients thickened obviously, and it became less elastic compared with that of normal healthy pregnant women.What is more, cardiac morphological changes were manifested mainly as the enlargement of the left atrial chamber and the thickening of the interventricular septum.Volume load and blood flow velocity both increased, and left ventricular diastolic function was damaged.Xgboost algorithm-based ultrasound cardiogram images could improve the diagnostic effects of hypertension during pregnancy effectively.

Journal: Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine (2022)
Publication types: Research Article;
Evaluation of Cardiac Function before and after PAD Regimen in Patients with Multiple Myeloma by Three-Dimensional Speckle Tracking Imaging

In this manuscript, we have evaluated numerous changes of cardiac function in patients with multiple myeloma before and after pad chemotherapy with 3d speck tracking imaging (3d-sti).For this purpose, 39 patients with multiple myeloma, from july 2019 to december 2020, who received the pad regimen (bortezomib + doxorubicin liposome + dexamethasone, a course of 12 days) were selected as subjects.A comparison of two-dimensional conventional echocardiographic parameters before and after chemotherapy and 3d-sti related parameters was carried out.After 6 cycles of chemotherapy, the levels of tapse, rvfac, and lvef were significantly lower than those before chemotherapy ( p &lt; 0.05 ).There was no significant difference in the results of left and right ventricle two-dimensional conventional echocardiography before chemotherapy and 2 or 4 cycles after chemotherapy ( p &gt; 0.05 ).There were significant differences in the levels of rvgcs, rvgls, rvgrs, lvgls, and lvgrs before and after chemotherapy ( p &lt; 0.05 ).Specifically, rvgcs: after 6 cycles of chemotherapy &lt; after 4 cycles of chemotherapy &lt; before chemotherapy; rvgls: after 6 cycles of chemotherapy &lt; after 4 cycles of chemotherapy &lt; after 2 cycles of chemotherapy &lt; before chemotherapy; rvgrs: after 6 cycles of chemotherapy &lt; after 4 cycles of chemotherapy &lt; before chemotherapy; lvgls: after 6 cycles of chemotherapy &lt; after 4 cycles of chemotherapy &lt; before chemotherapy; and lvgrs: after 6 cycles of chemotherapy &lt; before chemotherapy.The results of pearson correlation analysis showed that the dose of doxorubicin was negatively correlated with rvgcs, rvgls, rvgrs, and lvgls, but not with tapse, rvfac, lvef, and lvgrs.3d-sti is helpful for early detection of the changes of left and right ventricular myocardial function after pad chemotherapy in patients with multiple myeloma.And the early screening value of the rvgls parameter is higher.

Journal: Journal of Healthcare Engineering (2022)
Publication types: Research Article;
Evaluation of Antimicrobial and Wound Healing Effects of Gold Nanoparticles Containing Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Aqueous Extract

Wound healing is a complex process of replacing devitalized cellular structures and tissues with healthy cells and tissue.Nanotechnology has been increasingly proposed as a novel platform to treat wounds and skin regeneration.The aim of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial, antioxidant, cytotoxic, and cutaneous wound healing activities of phytosynthesized au nps using abelmoschus esculentus (okra) and synthesized au nps by using the citrate synthesis method.The ok au nps were characterized using various techniques like uv-vis absorption spectroscopy, ftir, x-ray diffraction (xrd), and transmission electron microscopy (tem).Cutaneous wounds were created on 30 rats and randomized into three groups: untreated and two groups treated with ch au nps and ok au nps.The treatment was carried out daily for 12 days.A peak characterized the ok au nps at 538 nm in the uv-vis spectrum.Based on the results of ftir spectroscopy, various functional oxygenated groups such as hydroxyl, carboxyl, and nitrogenous groups were observed.Xrd confirmed the crystalline nature of the nanoparticles.Tem images of ok au nps showed a spherical shape and size range of 75 nm.Dpph test showed similar antioxidant potentials for au nps.The au nps showed cell viability in a dose-dependent manner, and this technique was found to be nontoxic.Agar well diffusion, which is the method to determine antibacterial characteristics of au nps, showed a significant beneficial effect against a variety of bacterial species.In addition, histopathological results showed that au nps could accelerate wound closure.Therefore, au nps could be suitable for wound healing applications.

Journal: Bioinorganic Chemistry and Applications (2021)
Publication types: Research Article;
Evaluation of Achilles Tendon in Patients with Diabetic Foot Ulcer by High-Frequency Ultrasound Combined with Real-Time Shear-Wave Elastography

To our best knowledge, no study investigated the utility of the combination of high-frequency us and real-time shear wave elastography (rtswe) in the evaluation of achilles tendon (at).Our study aimed to evaluate at in patients with diabetic foot ulcers using high-frequency us and rtswe.We retrospectively reviewed 100 patients who visited our hospital due to diabetes.Patients were divided into the study group (those with diabetic foot ulcers) and the control group (those without diabetic foot ulcers).Patients’ demographics, basic medical records, and laboratory tests were reviewed.High-frequency ultrasound and rtswe were performed in both at for all 100 patients.Young’s modulus was measured at the upper, middle, and lower parts of each at by rtswe.There were 50 patients with diabetic foot ulcers.Patients in the study group had older age, a higher incidence of insulin use, and a higher level of cholesterol than those in the control group.However, thickness and young’s modulus of at were comparable in two groups, when evaluated by the combination of high-frequency ultrasound and rtswe.There was no significant difference in thickness and elastic modulus of at in patients with and without diabetic foot ulcers when evaluated by the combination of high-frequency ultrasound and rtswe.

Journal: Journal of Healthcare Engineering (2022)
Publication types: Research Article;
Establishment and Verification of Logistic Regression Model for Qualitative Diagnosis of Ovarian Cancer Based on MRI and Ultrasound Signs

To explore the establishment and verification of logistic regression model for qualitative diagnosis of ovarian cancer based on mri and ultrasonic signs.Method.207 patients with ovarian tumors in our hospital from april 2018 to april 2021 were selected, of which 138 were used as the training group for model creation and 69 as the validation group for model evaluation.The differences of mri and ultrasound signs in patients with ovarian cancer and benign ovarian tumor in the training group were analyzed.The risk factors were screened by multifactor unconditional logistic regression analysis, and the regression equation was established.The self-verification was carried out by subject working characteristics (roc), and the external verification was carried out by k-fold cross verification.Result.There was no significant difference in age, body mass index, menstruation, dysmenorrhea, times of pregnancy, cumulative menstrual years, and marital status between the two groups ( p &gt; 0.05 ).After logistic regression analysis, the diagnostic model of ovarian cancer was established: logit p = − 1.153 + mri signs : morphology × 1.459 + boundary × 1.549 + reinforcement × 1.492 + tumor components × 1.553 + ultrasonic signs : morphology × 1.594 + mainly real × 1.417 + separated form × 1.294 + large nipple × 1.271 + blood supply × 1.364 ; self-verification: auc of the model is 0.883, diagnostic sensitivity is 93.94%, and specificity is 80.95%; k-fold cross validation: the training accuracy was 0.904 ± 0.009 and the prediction accuracy was 0.881 ± 0.049 .Conclusion.Irregular shape, unclear boundary, obvious enhancement in mri signs, cystic or solid tumor components and irregular shape, solid-dominated shape, thick septate shape, large nipple, and abundant blood supply in ultrasound signs are independent risk factors for ovarian cancer.After verification, the diagnostic model has good accuracy and stability, which provides basis for clinical decision-making.

Journal: Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine (2022)
Publication types: Research Article;