syedzayyan/paper_mill_benchmark huggingface dataset:
Ultrahigh-Q photonic crystal nanocavities fabricated by CMOS process technologies.

We fabricated photonic crystal high-quality factor (q) nanocavities on a 300-mm-wide silicon-on-insulator wafer by using argon fluoride immersion photolithography.The heterostructure nanocavities showed an average experimental q value of 1.5 million for 12 measured samples.The highest q value was 2.3 million, which represents a record for a nanocavity fabricated by complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (cmos)-compatible machinery.We also demonstrated an eight-channel drop filter with 4 nm spacing consisting of arrayed nanocavities with three missing air holes.The standard deviation in the drop wavelength was less than 1 nm.These results will accelerate ultrahigh-q nanocavity research in various areas.

Journal: Optics express (2017)
Publication types: Journal Article
Trends and characteristics of multiple births in Baoan Shenzhen: A retrospective study over a decade.

Shenzhen has the largest and youngest foreign population among all cities in china.The reproductive health of pregnant women from different backgrounds is a social issue that deserves attention.In the past decade, china has liberalized its population policies to stimulate population growth, and the proportion of multiple births has continued to increase.Method this retrospective cohort included 526,654 newborns born in baoan, shenzhen, from january 1, 2009, to december 31, 2019, including 515,016 singletons and 11,638 twins or triplets.Univariate regression models were used to analyze the effects of maternal sociodemographic characteristics, physiological characteristics, medical history, antenatal care and other factors associated with single vs.Multiple births and to elucidate the changing trends of different factors affecting multiple births in the past 11 years.Additionally, fetal development in multiple births was analyzed by generalized linear mixed models.Results the rates of pregnancy complications, preterm birth, and advanced-age pregnancy were significantly higher in the multiple birth mothers than in single birth mothers, and more multiple pregnancies were achieved through assisted reproductive technologies.The rates of adverse outcomes such as stillbirth, malformation, hypoxia, and ultralow body weight in multiple fetuses were significantly higher than that in singleton fetuses.The trend analysis from 2009 to 2019 showed that the socioeconomic status and health level of mothers with multiple births improved over time, and the risk during pregnancy generally decreased.Simultaneously, the development indicators of multiple fetuses have improved year by year, and the proportion of adverse outcomes has also decreased significantly.A low pre-natal care utilization rate was shown to be detrimental to the development of multiple fetuses.Independent risk factors for hypoxia and very low birth weight were also identified.The differences in secular trends between two birth groups were further revealed by time series models.Conclusion this study presented a comprehensive survey of multiple pregnancies in the area with the largest population inflow in china.This study identified the factors that affect the health of multiple birth mothers and their fetuses, particularly suggesting that preterm birth rates and the use of assisted reproduction remain high.The findings provide a basis for the formulation of individualized pre-natal care, assisted reproductive guidance and healthcare policies for multiple births.

Journal: Frontiers in public health (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
pH-Dependent ion permeability control of a modified amphotericin B channel through metal complexation.

Amphotericin b incorporating 2,2'-bipyridine (bpy-am b) forms a membrane channel exhibiting p h-dependent ca2+ ion permeability with a selective response to cu2+ ions.The coordination structure at bpy sites depends on the p h and metal ions can control the association state of bpy-am b in the membrane.

Journal: Chemical communications (Cambridge, England) (2021)
Publication types: Journal Article
Ancient homomorphy of molluscan sex chromosomes sustained by reversible sex-biased genes and sex determiner translocation.

Contrary to classic theory prediction, sex-chromosome homomorphy is prevalent in the animal kingdom but it is unclear how ancient homomorphic sex chromosomes avoid chromosome-scale degeneration.Molluscs constitute the second largest, precambrian-originated animal phylum and have ancient, uncharacterized homomorphic sex chromosomes.Here, we profile eight genomes of the bivalve mollusc family of pectinidae in a phylogenetic context and show 350 million years sex-chromosome homomorphy, which is the oldest known sex-chromosome homomorphy in the animal kingdom, far exceeding the ages of well-known heteromorphic sex chromosomes such as 130-200 million years in mammals, birds and flies.The long-term undifferentiation of molluscan sex chromosomes is potentially sustained by the unexpected intertwined regulation of reversible sex-biased genes, together with the lack of sexual dimorphism and occasional sex chromosome turnover.The pleiotropic constraint of regulation of reversible sex-biased genes is widely present in ancient homomorphic sex chromosomes and might be resolved in heteromorphic sex chromosomes through gene duplication followed by subfunctionalization.The evolutionary dynamics of sex chromosomes suggest a mechanism for 'inheritance' turnover of sex-determining genes that is mediated by translocation of a sex-determining enhancer.On the basis of these findings, we propose an evolutionary model for the long-term preservation of homomorphic sex chromosomes.

Journal: Nature ecology & evolution (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Mitigating Breast Cancer Disparities by Addressing the Obesity Epidemic.

Of review obese breast cancer patients have poorer outcomes compared to non-obese patients.The intent of this review is to discuss recent studies and analyses regarding the status of the obesity epidemic and its effect on breast cancer incidence and outcomes.Subsequently, we will introduce a program implemented at a new york city hospital to reduce the morbidity and mortality of breast cancer patients with obesity.Recent findings the prevalence of obesity among adult americans is 42%, spanning all racial and socioeconomic groups.Importantly, obesity is associated with multiple chronic diseases including cancer.Among breast cancer patients, obesity is linked to higher mortality and poorer clinical outcomes, including but not limited to distant recurrence and secondary malignancies.Summary current treatment of breast cancer patients does not address the link between obesity and poorer prognosis.Here, we present a general strategy for reducing the morbidity and mortality of obese breast cancer patients by addressing the obesity epidemic.Supplementary information the online version contains supplementary material available at .

Journal: Current breast cancer reports (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article;Review
Adenomatoid tumor of the skin: Differential diagnosis of an umbilical erythematous plaque.

Adenomatoid tumors are benign tumors of mesothelial origin that are usually encountered in the genital tract.Although they have been observed in other organs, the skin appears to be a very rare location, with only one case reported in the literature to our knowledge.We report a second case of an adenomatoid tumor, arising in the umbilicus of a 44-year-old woman.The patient presented with an 8-month-old erythematous and firm plaque under the umbilicus.A skin biopsy showed numerous microcystic spaces dissecting a fibrous stroma and lined by flattened to cuboidal cells with focal intraluminal papillary formation.This little-known diagnosis constitutes a diagnostic pitfall for dermatopathologists and dermatologists, and could be misdiagnosed as other benign or malignant entities.Through this case report, a practical approach and diagnostic keys have been devised to avoid misdiagnosis and overtreatment.

Journal: Journal of cutaneous pathology (2021)
Publication types: Case Reports;Journal Article
Methods Matter: Standard Production Platforms for Recombinant AAV Produce Chemically and Functionally Distinct Vectors.

Different approaches are used in the production of recombinant adeno-associated virus (r aav).The two leading approaches are transiently transfected human hek293 cells and live baculovirus infection of spodoptera frugiperda(sf9) insect cells.Unexplained differences in vector performance have been seen clinically and preclinically.Thus, we performed a controlled comparative production analysis varying only the host cell species but maintaining all other parameters.We characterized differences with multiple analytical approaches: proteomic profiling by mass spectrometry, isoelectric focusing, cryo-em (transmission electron cryomicroscopy), denaturation assays, genomic and epigenomic sequencing of packaged genomes, human cytokine profiling, and functional transduction assessmentsin vitroandin vivo, including in humanized liver mice.Using these approaches, we have made two major discoveries: (1) r aav capsids have post-translational modifications (ptms), including glycosylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, and methylation, and these differ between platforms; and (2) r aav genomes are methylated during production, and these are also differentially deposited between platforms.Our data show that host cell protein impurities differ between platforms and can have their own ptms, including potentially immunogenic n-linked glycans.Human-produced r aavs are more potent than baculovirus-sf9vectors in various cell typesin vitro(p < 0.05-0.0001), in various mouse tissuesin vivo(p < 0.03-0.0001), and in human liverin vivo(p < 0.005).These differences may have clinical implications for r aav receptor binding, trafficking, expression kinetics, expression durability, vector immunogenicity, as well as cost considerations.

Journal: Molecular therapy. Methods & clinical development (2020)
Publication types: Journal Article
High-Frequency Notable HBV Mutations Identified in Blood Donors With Occult Hepatitis B Infection From Heyuan City of Southern China.

All chinese blood centers have implemented mini pool (mp) hbv nucleic acid testing (nat) together with hbs ag elisa in routine donor screening since 2015.The prevalence of occult hepatitis b virus infection (obi) in donors from different regions varies, and the molecular characterization of the hbv dna and clinical outcomes of these obis remain largely unexplored.Methods blood donations from heyuan city in southern china were screened by hbs ag elisa and hbv mp8 nat.Donations with hbs ag-/hbv dna+ were collected for this study.Molecular characterizations of hbv dnas were further analyzed by various dna amplification assays including quantitative pcr (q pcr) and nested pcr, amplifying the basic core and pre-core promoter regions (bcp/pc).The hbs ag (s) region from hbv dna was isolated by high-volume nucleic acid extraction.Notable mutations were identified by comparison to the hbv reference sequences.The clinical outcomes of the donors with obis were further followed for nearly 3 years.Results seventy obis from 44,592 donations (0.15%) that we identified and reported previously were enrolled for this current study.Hbv sequences were obtained from 44/70 obis, and genotyping analysis showed that 42/44 (95.2%) obis were genotype b, and 2/44 (4.8%) were genotype c.Interestingly, mutation analysis revealed that various mutations including m133l/t, f134l, p142l, v168a, r169h, s174n, l175s, and v177a of hbv dna affecting hbs ag detection were observed in genotype b obis.Two notable mutations, t47k and l53s, were identified in genotype c obis.Follow-up studies showed that 3/31 (9.7%) obis converted to hbs ag+ as chronic infections while 1/31 (3.2%) hbv dna was undetectable (classified as recovery) and 27/31 (87.1%) remained as obis.Conclusion various notable mutations affecting hbs ag detection were observed in blood donors with obis in heyuan city of southern china.Follow-up studies showed that most obis remained as obis with fluctuating or low viral loads.Higher sensitive hbv id nat is recommended for donor screening to further reduce the transmission risk of obis.

Journal: Frontiers in immunology (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
A Hybrid PAC Reinforcement Learning Algorithm for Human-Robot Interaction.

This paper offers a new hybrid probably approximately correct (pac) reinforcement learning (rl) algorithm for markov decision processes (mdps) that intelligently maintains favorable features of both model-based and model-free methodologies.The designed algorithm, referred to as the dyna-delayed q-learning (ddq) algorithm, combines model-free delayed q-learning and model-based r-max algorithms while outperforming both in most cases.The paper includes a pac analysis of the ddq algorithm and a derivation of its sample complexity.Numerical results are provided to support the claim regarding the new algorithm's sample efficiency compared to its parents as well as the best known pac model-free and model-based algorithms in application.A real-world experimental implementation of ddq in the context of pediatric motor rehabilitation facilitated by infant-robot interaction highlights the potential benefits of the reported method.

Journal: Frontiers in robotics and AI (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
Development of a computer-aided quality assurance support system for identifying hand X-ray image direction using deep convolutional neural network.

The convenience of imaging has improved with digitization; however, there has been no progress in the methods used to prevent human error.Therefore, radiographic incidents and accidents are not prevented.In japan, image interpretation is conducted for incident prevention; nevertheless, in some cases, incidents are overlooked.Thus, assistance from a computer-aided quality assurance support system is important.This study developed a method to identify hand image direction, which is an elementary technology of a computer-aided quality assurance support system.In total, 14,236 hand x-ray images were used to classify hand directions (upward, downward, rightward, and leftward) commonly evaluated in clinical settings.The accuracy of the conventional classification method using original images, classification method with histogram equation images, and a novel classification method using binarization images for background removal via u-net segmentation was evaluated.The following classification accuracy rates were achieved: 89.20% if the original image was input, 99.10% if the histogram equation image was input, and 99.70% if binarization images for background removal via u-net segmentation was input.Our computer-aided quality assurance support system can be used to identify hand direction with high accuracy.

Journal: Radiological physics and technology (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Future of Nursing Education.

Nursing is the largest health profession, with nearly 4 million providers practicing across acute, primary, and public health care settings.In response to the pandemic, nursing schools halted on-site course delivery and redesigned programs to attenuate risks to students and faculty.Key challenges faced by schools included financial cutbacks, rapid increases in online learning technology, maintaining student academic progression, disruption to clinical learning opportunities, and meeting accreditation standards, while addressing the stress and loss experienced by faculty, staff, and students.Despite challenges, nursing organizations provided guidance for decision making, new learning resources, and faculty development opportunities.Schools of nursing leveraged their resources to redesign nursing curricula, strengthen partnerships for student clinical experiences, and address needs of the community.Nursing education will look different from its prepandemic profile in the future.Lessons learned during the pandemic point to gaps in nursing education, particularly related to disaster and public health preparedness, health equity, and technology.The american association of colleges of nursing's new essentials-standards for professional nursing education-were finalized during the pandemic and reflect these lessons.The need for nurse scientists to conduct emergency response research was made evident.The importance of strong academic-practice partnerships was highlighted for rapid communication, flexibility, and responses to dynamic environments.For the future, nursing education and practice must collaborate to ensure that students and practicing nurses are prepared to address emergencies and pandemics, as well as the needs of vulnerable populations.

Journal: Academic medicine : journal of the Association of American Medical Colleges (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
Lack of association of post-discharge prophylactic antibiotics with decreased risk of surgical site infection following spinal fusion.

S to determine the prevalence and factors associated with post-discharge prophylactic antibiotic use after spinal fusion and whether use was associated with decreased risk of surgical site infection (ssi).Methods persons aged 10-64 years undergoing spinal fusion between 1 january 2010 and 30 june 2015 were identified in the market scan commercial database.Complicated patients and those coded for infection from 30 days before to 2 days after the surgical admission were excluded.Outpatient oral antibiotics were identified within 2 days of surgical discharge.Ssi was defined using icd-9-cm diagnosis codes within 90 days of surgery.Generalized linear models were used to determine factors associated with post-discharge prophylactic antibiotic use and with ssi.Results the cohort included 156 446 fusion procedures, with post-discharge prophylactic antibiotics used in 9223 (5.9%) surgeries.Ssis occurred after 2557 (1.6%) procedures.Factors significantly associated with post-discharge prophylactic antibiotics included history of lymphoma, diabetes, 3-7 versus 1-2 vertebral levels fused, and non-infectious postoperative complications.In multivariable analysis, post-discharge prophylactic antibiotic use was not associated with ssi risk after spinal fusion (relative risk 0.98; 95% ci 0.84-1.14).Conclusions post-discharge prophylactic oral antibiotics after spinal fusion were used more commonly in patients with major medical comorbidities, more complex surgeries and those with postoperative complications during the surgical admission.After adjusting for surgical complexity and infection risk factors, post-discharge prophylactic antibiotic use was not associated with decreased ssi risk.These results suggest that prolonged prophylactic antibiotic use should be avoided after spine surgery, given the lack of benefit and potential for harm.

Journal: The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article;Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.;Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Effects of the PARP Inhibitor Olaparib on the Response of Human Peripheral Blood Leukocytes to Bacterial Challenge or Oxidative Stress.

Prior studies demonstrate the activation of poly-(adp-ribose) polymerase 1 (parp1) in various pathophysiological conditions, including sepsis.We have assessed the effect of olaparib, a clinically used parp1 inhibitor, on the responses of human peripheral blood leukocytes (pbmcs) obtained from healthy volunteers in response to challenging with live bacteria, bacterial lipopolysaccharide (lps), or oxidative stress (hydrogen peroxide, h2o2).The viability of pbmcs exposed to olaparib or to the earlier generation parp inhibitor pj-34 (0.1-1000 μm) was monitored using annexin v and 7-aminoactinomycin d.To evaluate the effects of olaparib on the expression of parp1 and its effects on protein parylation, pbmcs were stimulated with staphylococcus aureuswith or without olaparib (1-10 μm).Changes in cellular levels of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (nad+) and adenosine triphosphate (atp), as well as changes in mitochondrial membrane potential (mmp), were measured in pbmcs exposed to h2o2.Bacterial killing was evaluated in pbmcs and polymorphonuclear leukocytes (pmns) incubated with s.Aureus.Cytokine production was measured in supernatants using a cytometric bead array.Reactive oxygen species (ros), nitric oxide (no) production, and phagocytic activity of monocytes and neutrophils were measured in whole blood.For ros and no production, samples were incubated with heat-killed s.Aureus; phagocytic activity was assessed using killed escherichia coliconjugated to fitc.Olaparib (0.1-100 μm) did not adversely affect lymphocyte viability.Olaparib also did not interfere with parp1 expression but inhibits s.Aureus-induced protein parylation.In cells challenged with h2o2, olaparib prevented nad+and atp depletion and attenuated mitochondrial membrane depolarization.Lps-induced production of tnf-α, mip-1α, and il-10 by pbmcs was also reduced by olaparib.Monocytes and neutrophils displayed significant increases in the production of ros and no after stimulation with s.Aureusand phagocytic (e.Coli) and microbicidal activity, and these responses were not suppressed by olaparib.We conclude that, at clinically relevant concentrations, olaparib exerts cytoprotective effects and modulates inflammatory cytokine production without exerting adverse effects on the cells' ability to phagocytose or eradicate pathogens.The current data support the concept of repurposing olaparib as a potential experimental therapy for septic shock.

Journal: Biomolecules (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Reducing Asthma Attacks in Children using Exhaled Nitric Oxide as a biomarker to inform treatment strategy: a randomised trial (RAACENO).

Childhood asthma is a common condition.Currently there is no validated objective test which can be used to guide asthma treatment in children.This study tests the hypothesis that the addition of fractional exhaled nitric oxide (feno) monitoring in addition to standard care reduces the number of exacerbations (or attacks) in children with asthma.Methods this is a multi-centre, randomised controlled study.Children will be included of age 6-16 years who have a diagnosis of asthma, currently use inhaled corticosteroids (icss) and have had an exacerbation in the previous 12 months.Exclusion criteria include being unable to provide feno measurement at baseline assessment, having another chronic respiratory condition and being currently treated with maintenance oral steroids.Participants will be recruited in both primary and secondary care settings and will be randomised to either receive asthma treatment guided by feno plus symptoms (feno group) or asthma treatment guided by symptoms only (standard care group).Within the feno group, different treatment decisions will be made dependent on changes in feno.Participants will attend assessments 3, 6, 9 and 12 months post randomisation.The primary outcome is asthma exacerbation requiring prescription and/or use of an oral corticosteroid over 12 months as recorded by the participant/parent or in general practitioner records.Secondary outcomes include time to first attack, number of attacks, asthma control score and quality of life.Adherence to ics treatment is objectively measured by an electronic logging device.Participants are invited to participate in a "phenotyping" assessment where skin prick reactivity and bronchodilator response are determined and a saliva sample is collected for dna extraction.Qualitative interviews will be held with participants and research nurses.A health economic evaluation will take place.Discussion this study will evaluate whether feno can provide an objective index to guide and stratify asthma treatment in children.Trial registration isrctn, isrctn67875351.Registered on 12 april 2017.Prospectively registered.

Journal: Trials (2019)
Publication types: Clinical Trial Protocol;Journal Article