syedzayyan/paper_mill_benchmark huggingface dataset:
Analysis of color differences in stained contemporary esthetic dental materials.

Statement of problem although contemporary analytical methods are available for application to data which exhibit a lack of equality of variances or a lack of normality in the error distribution, little guidance is provided for selecting the methods of data handling and analysis which best fit color difference data for stained esthetic materials.Purpose the purposes of this in vitro study were to apply information criteria of analysis of variance (anova) methods of differing error distributions and covariance structures when analyzing color differences to determine the degree of alienation among 3 commission internationale de l'eclairage (cie) color difference formulae to assess the linearity of relationships among these formulae and to independently assess differences among various computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacture (cad-cam) materials in any color change after common forms of staining over time.Material and methods hybrid ceramic, resin nanoceramic, feldspathic-ceramic, and lithium-disilicate ceramic specimens (n=128) were subjected to staining from water, tea, coffee, and red wine over 1, 7, and 30 days, with color differences calculated from baseline.Akaike information criteria (aic) and bayesian information criteria (bic) values were determined for gaussian and lognormal error distributions at covariance structures of standard variance components and compound-symmetry.The analysis of variance used to analyze any significant effects on these color differences was the one with the lowest aic and bic values.Then, for each solution, day, and cie color difference formula, any significant difference in the color differences between all pairs of materials was found by bonferroni-corrected student t tests.Those statistically significant pairwise comparisons where the larger of the color differences met or exceeded the acceptability threshold were labeled as statistically and visually noteworthy.Results for this color difference data set, the lognormal error distribution and the covariance structure of compound symmetry provided the best aic and bic.Because the interaction between material, solution, and day was statistically significant (p<.001), pairwise comparisons were made between all pairs of materials for each level of solution and day studied.Noteworthy differences were identified, where hybrid ceramic and resin nanoceramic each had color changes after staining in coffee and red wine that were greater than each of feldspathic-ceramic and lithium-disilicate ceramic.Conclusions aic and bic values evaluate distinctively the gaussian and lognormal error distributions when analyzing highly varying color differences.Although there is a high linear correlation between the 3 color difference formulae studied, each formula is unique, and each represents a different assessment of the perceived color difference.Cad-cam materials, staining liquids, and time points affected the notable color changes.

Journal: The Journal of prosthetic dentistry (2021)
Publication types: Journal Article
Aggression in Group-Housed Male Mice: A Systematic Review.

Aggression among group-housed male mice is a major animal welfare concern often observed at animal facilities.Studies designed to understand the causes of male mice aggression have used different methodological approaches and have been heterogeneous, using different strains, environmental enrichments, housing conditions, group formations and durations.By conducting a systematic literature review based on 198 observed conclusions from 90 articles, we showed that the methodological approach used to study aggression was relevant for the outcome and suggested that home cage observations were better when studying home cage aggression than tests provoking aggression outside the home cage.The study further revealed that aggression is a complex problem; one solution will not be appropriate for all animal facilities and all research projects.Recommendations were provided on promising tools to minimize aggression, based on the results, which included what type of environmental enrichments could be appropriate and which strains of male mice were less likely to be aggressive.

Journal: Animals : an open access journal from MDPI (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article;Review
Fuel trait effects on flammability of native and invasive alien shrubs in coastal fynbos and thicket (Cape Floristic Region).

In june 2017, extreme fires along the southern cape coast of south africa burnt native fynbos and thicket vegetation and caused extensive damage to plantations and residential properties.Invasive alien plants (iaps) occur commonly in the area and were thought to have changed the behaviour of these fires through their modification of fuel properties relative to that of native vegetation.This study experimentally compared various measures of flammability across groups of native and alien invasive shrub species in relation to their fuel traits.Live plant shoots of 30 species (10 species each of native fynbos, native thicket, and iaps) were sampled to measure live fuel moisture, dry biomass, fuel bed porosity and the proportions of fine-, coarse- and dead fuels.These shoots were burnt experimentally, and flammability measured in terms of maximum temperature (combustibility), completeness of burn (consumability), and time-to-ignition (ignitability).Multiple regression models were used to assess the relationships between flammability responses and fuel traits, while the kruskal-wallis htest was used to establish if differences existed in flammability measures and fuel traits among the vegetation groups.Dry biomass significantly enhanced, while live fuel moisture significantly reduced, maximum temperature, whereas the proportion of fine fuels significantly increased completeness of burn.Unlike other similar studies, the proportion of dead fuels and fuel bed porosity were not retained by any of the models to account for variation in flammability.Species of fynbos and iaps generally exhibited greater flammability in the form of higher completeness of burn and more rapid ignition than species of thicket.Little distinction in flammability and fuel traits could be made between species of fynbos and iaps, except that fynbos species had a greater proportion of fine fuels.Thicket species had higher proportions of coarse fuels and greater dry biomass (~fuel loading) than species of fynbos and iaps.Live fuel moisture did not differ among the vegetation groups, contrary to the literature often ascribing variation in flammability to fuel moisture differences.The fuel traits investigated only explained 21-53% of the variation in flammability and large variation was evident among species within vegetation groups suggesting that species-specific andin situcommunity-level investigations are warranted, particularly in regard fuel moisture and chemical contents.

Journal: PeerJ (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Postmastectomy Radiation Therapy on Permanent Implants or Tissue Expanders: Which is Better?

S this study evaluates complications and reconstructive failure rates in implant-based reconstruction with radiotherapy.Background postmastectomy radiotherapy may adversely affect breast reconstructive outcomes.However, the comparative effect of radiotherapy on direct-to-implant versus tissue expander-implant reconstruction has not been examined.Methods single institution retrospective review was performed and patients were followed 2 to 10 years.Results of 1566 patients, 265 patients received radiation (149 immediate implants and 116 tissue expanders).Demographics were similar except more smokers in the expander group (7.7% vs 1.3%; p = 0.012).Patients who received radiation with an expander in place had overall more complications (32.8% vs 11.4%; p < 0.001), skin necrosis (10.3% vs 4.0%; p = 0.043), wound breakdown (9.5% vs 2.7%; p = 0.029), and infections (16.4% vs 4.03%; p = 0.001) leading to a higher rate of explantation (16.4% vs 4.0%; p < 0.001).A radiation boost likewise predicted complications [odds ratio (or) 2.199, 95% confidence interval (ci) 1.154-4.188, p = 0.017].When comparing reconstructive outcomes, radiated expanders had a higher failure rate (21.6% vs 11.4%; p = 0.025).Revision for capsular contracture was similar between the 2 cohorts (11.4% vs 11.2%; p = 0.959) as were revision rates for contour asymmetry and breast asymmetry.In our multivariable logistic regression analysis, radiation to the expander had a higher risk of reconstruction failure than radiation to the permanent implant (or 2.020, 95% ci 1.010-4.037, p = 0.047).Conclusion most patients had successful implant-based reconstructions after mastectomy and radiotherapy.Our study showed radiotherapy after direct-to-implant breast reconstruction had a lower rate of complications and reconstructive failure compared to tissue expander-implant reconstruction.

Journal: Annals of surgery (2021)
Publication types: Journal Article
Thyroid Symptomatology across the Spectrum of Hypothyroidism and Impact of Levothyroxine Supplementation in Patients with Severe Primary Hypothyroidism.

This study aimed to determine the clinical and biochemical profile of patients with severe primary hypothyroidism (sph) (tsh ≥40 μiu/ml) as compared to milder forms of hypothyroidism and document improvement in hypothyroidism symptoms in sph.Methods thyroid symptomatology and biochemistry were evaluated in sph, non-severe overt primary hypothyroidism (nsoph; tsh <40 μiu/ml), subclinical hypothyroidism (sc h) and healthy controls.A total of 598 consecutive patients of hypothyroidism were screened of which 461 patients' data were analyzed (91 sph, 130 nsoph and 240 sc h).Thyroid symptomatology was re-evaluated at 12 weeks follow-up in sph following restoration of euthyroidism with levothyroxine.Results the median (interquartile range) age of patients was 35 (28-42) years with 91.6% female.The commonly noted symptomatology were shortness of breath (93.4%) and fatigueability (91.2%) in sph, fatigueability (68.46%) and limbs swelling (43.07%) in nsoph, and fatigueability (56.67%) and shortness of breath (32.92%) in sc h.All symptomatology were significantly higher in sph.Delayed tendon reflex, carpel tunnel syndrome and meno-metrorrhagia were exclusive in sph.Occurrence of menstrual irregularities was 73.62%, 28.46% and 16.25% in sph, nsoph and sc h, respectively.Sph patients had significantly higher cholesterol and triglycerides.There was significant improvement in symptomatology, reduction in body weight (-2.11 kg), improvement in hemoglobin (+0.64 g/l) with fall in total cholesterol (-18.96%), ldl-cholesterol (-23.46%) and triglycerides (-13.53%) following euthyroidism restoration in subjects with sph.Common residual symptoms were fatigue (10%), poor memory (8%) and menstrual irregularities (6%).Conclusion thyroid symptomatology differs significantly across spectrum of hypothyroidism, being significantly worse in sph.Euthyroidism restoration is associated with reversal of majority of thyroid symptomatology.

Journal: Indian journal of endocrinology and metabolism (2019)
Publication types: Journal Article
Adrenal Crisis Secondary to Small Bowel Obstruction Caused by a Bezoar.

Bezoars are aggregates of undigested materials that accumulate in the gastrointestinal lumen.They are a rare cause of small bowel obstruction and are mostly diagnosed in patients with small bowel disease.Patients with panhypopituitarism are more susceptible to developing metabolic and haemodynamic instability, particularly during perioperative period.We present the case of a male patient with small bowel obstruction secondary to a bezoar.The patient was admitted to the hospital due to upper abdominal pain and emesis, presenting with clinical signs of shock.He had a history of iatrogenic panhypopituitarism and had been submitted to a bilateral inguinal hernioplasty 15 days before.Abdominopelvic computed tomography with angiography revealed small bowel obstruction secondary to a bezoar.Stress-dose hydrocortisone was administered to treat the underlying haemodynamic instability, followed by exploratory laparotomy.The bezoar was removed and eventually the patient recovered with a tapering regimen of hydrocortisone.The diagnosis of small bowel obstruction secondary to bezoar can be challenging.The shock could be related to an adrenal crisis precipitated by the bezoar in the setting of increased susceptibility due to the recent surgery.

Journal: Cureus (2022)
Publication types: Case Reports;Journal Article
What are the validity and reliability of the modified Yale Preoperative Anxiety Scale-Short Form in children less than 2 years old?

Accurate measurement of preoperative anxiety is important for pediatric surgical patients' care as well as for monitoring anxiety-reducing interventions.The modified yale preoperative anxiety scale-short form is well validated for this purpose in children aged 2 years and above, but not in younger children.Aims we aimed to validate the dutch version of the modified yale preoperative anxiety scale-short form for measuring preoperative anxiety in children less than 2 years old.Methods two investigators independently assessed infants' anxiety at the holding area and during induction of anesthesia with the modified yale preoperative anxiety scale-short form and the comfort-behavior scale-live and from video observations.Construct validity and responsiveness of both scales were tested with pearson correlation coefficient.Internal consistency of the modified yale preoperative anxiety scale-short form was assessed using cronbach's α, and inter-rater reliability and intra-rater reliability were tested using the intraclass correlation coefficient and cohen's linearly weighted kappa.Hypotheses for sufficient inter-rater reliability (r > 0.60) and validity (r > 0.65) had been formulated a priori in line with the cosmin guidelines.Results behavior of 129 infants (89.1% male) with a median age of 6.5 months (range 0.9-16.5 months) was observed.The correlations between the modified yale preoperative anxiety scale-short form and comfort-behavioral scale were strong at the holding area and at induction of anesthesia, as were the correlation of change scores between the holding area and induction.Internal consistency of the modified yale preoperative anxiety scale-short form was excellent at both the holding area and at induction of anesthesia.Inter-rater reliability was good to excellent on scale level and moderate to good on item level.Conclusion these findings support the validity and reliability of the dutch version of the modified yale preoperative anxiety scale-short form in children less than 2-years-old.

Journal: Paediatric anaesthesia (2019)
Publication types: Journal Article
Absence of Evidence for a Causal Link between Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy Strain Variant L-BSE and Known Forms of Sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease in Human PrP Transgenic Mice.

Prions are proteinaceous pathogens responsible for subacute spongiform encephalopathies in animals and humans.The prions responsible for bovine spongiform encephalopathy (bse) are zoonotic agents, causing variant creutzfeldt-jakob disease (cjd) in humans.The transfer of prions between species is limited by a species barrier, which is thought to reflect structural incompatibilities between the host cellular prion protein (pr pc) and the infecting pathological pr p assemblies (pr psc) constituting the prion.A bse strain variant, designated l-bse and responsible for atypical, supposedly spontaneous forms of prion diseases in aged cattle, demonstrates zoonotic potential, as evidenced by its capacity to propagate more easily than classical bse in transgenic mice expressing human pr pcand in nonhuman primates.In humanized mice, l-bse propagates without any apparent species barrier and shares similar biochemical pr pscsignatures with the cjd subtype designated mm2-cortical, thus opening the possibility that certain cjd cases classified as sporadic may actually originate from l-type bse cross-transmission.To address this issue, we compared the biological properties of l-bse and those of a panel of cjd subtypes representative of the human prion strain diversity using standard strain-typing criteria in human pr p transgenic mice.We found no evidence that l-bse causes a known form of sporadic cjd.Importance since the quasi-extinction of classical bse, atypical bse forms are the sole bse variants circulating in cattle worldwide.They are observed in rare cases of old cattle, making them difficult to detect.Extrapolation of our results suggests that l-bse may propagate in humans as an unrecognized form of cjd, and we urge both the continued utilization of precautionary measures to eliminate these agents from the human food chain and active surveillance for cjd phenotypes in the general population.

Journal: Journal of virology (2016)
Publication types: Journal Article
The Chinese version of the family accommodation scale for obsessive-compulsive disorder self-rated: reliability, validity, factor structure, and mediating effect.

Family accommodation (fa) in obsessive compulsive disorder (ocd) is a common phenomenon.Based on the cost of training interviewers and the time required to administer the scale, the family accommodation scale for obsessive-compulsive disorder interviewer-rated (fas-ir) has been restricted to specific settings.A self-rated version of the family accommodation scale may solve these problems.The aim of this study was to examine the reliability, validity and factor structure of the family accommodation scale self-rated version (fas-sr), and the relationship among fa, symptom severity and functional impairment.Methods in total, 171 patients with ocd and 145 paired relatives participated in this study.The sheehan disability scale (sds), obsessive-compulsive inventory revised (oci-r), zung self-rating depression scale (zung-sds), 12-item family assessment devices (fad-12), clinical global impression of severity scale (cgi-s), global assessment of functioning (gaf), and yale-brown obsessive-compulsive scale (y-bocs) were used as tools for patients.The fas-sr, fas-ir, fad-12, and the patients' symptom severity of y-bocs compulsion were used as tools for relatives.The psychometric properties of the fas-sr were evaluated using cronbach's alpha coefficient, test-retest reliability and validity.Mediation analysis was used to determine the relationship among fa, symptom severity and functional impairment.Results a total of 97.9% of relatives of ocd patients reported at least one kind of fa behavior, and 56.6% of participants engaged in fa every day in the past week.The fas-sr includes a three-factor structure: (1) providing reassurance and participation; (2) facilitation; and (3) modification.The scale's cronbach's alpha and test-retest coefficients were 0.875 and 0.970, respectively.The total fas-sr score was significantly positively associated with the y-bocs, fad-12, cgi-s, fas-ir, and sds scores, and negatively associated with the total gaf score.Fa partially mediated the relationship between symptom severity and functional impairment.Conclusion the fas-sr was proven to have satisfactory psychometric properties, and can play an important role in the evaluation and early intervention of ocd.This result indicates the importance of assessing symptom severity in conjunction with fa when evaluating ocd patients' functional impairment.

Journal: Frontiers in psychiatry (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
Gardnerella vaginalisandNeisseria gonorrhoeaeAre Effectively Inhibited by Lactobacilli with Probiotic Properties Isolated from Brazilian Cupuaçu (Theobroma grandiflorum) Fruit.

In recent years, certain lactobacillussp.Have emerged in health care as an alternative therapy for various diseases.Based on this, this study is aimed at evaluating in vitro the potential probiotics of five lactobacilli strains isolated from pulp of cupuaçu fruit fermentation against gardnerella vaginalisand neisseria gonorrhoeae.Our lactobacilli strains were classified as safe for use in humans, and they were tolerant to heat and p h.Our strains were biofilm producers, while hydrophobicity and autoaggregation varied from 13% to 86% and 13% to 25%, respectively.The coaggregation of lactobacilli used in this study with g.Vaginalisand n.Gonorrhoeaeranged from 15% to 36% and 32% to 52%, respectively.Antimicrobial activity was present in all tested lactobacillusstrains against both pathogens, and the growth of pathogens in coculture was reduced by the presence of our lactobacilli.Also, all tested lactobacilli reduced the p h of the culture, even in incubation with pathogens after 24 hours.The cell-free culture supernatants (cfcs) of all five lactobacilli demonstrated activity against the two pathogens with a halo presence and cfcs characterization assay together with gas chromatography revealed that lactic acid was the most abundant organic acid in the samples (50% to 62%).Our results demonstrated that the organic acid production profile is strain-specific.This study revealed that cupuaçu is a promising source of microorganisms with probiotic properties against genital pathogens.We demonstrated by in vitro tests that our lactobacillusstrains have probiotic properties.However, the absence of in vivo tests is a limitation of our work due to the need to evaluate the interaction of our lactobacilli with pathogens in the vaginal mucosa.We believe that these findings may be useful in developing a product containing our lactobacilli and their supernatants in order to support with vaginal health.

Journal: BioMed research international (2021)
Publication types: Journal Article
Use of the Brazilian version of the Interpersonal Negotiation Strategies Interview (INSI) in a child and adolescent sample: a pilot study.

Introduction interpersonal negotiation skills (ins) comprise actions used to solve social situations between interacting individuals involving different needs or desires.These abilities are part of one's social competence and may be impaired in some psychiatric conditions.There are few validated psychometric tools for measuring ins in the literature.This pilot study aimed to investigate some basic psychometric properties of the brazilian version of the interpersonal negotiation strategies interview (insi) in children and adolescents.Methods we developed a new version of the insi adapted to the brazilian culture using eight different dilemmas in dyadic situations (with peers and adults), presented visually as drawings on cards.A group of psychologists and psychiatrists chose and adapted the dilemmas formerly proposed by the original version.The same scoring criteria as for the original instrument were used.A total of 20 children and adolescents were included in this pilot study.We investigated test reliability using measures of interrater reliability, test-retest, and internal consistency.The content validity of the insi was also evaluated by comparison with scores from the child behavior checklist-revised (cbcl).Results internal consistency and test-retest evaluations were acceptable (rater 1: α = 0.77; rater 2: α = 0.72); the reliability of the instrument was excellent (k = 0.078; intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.98; 95% confidence interval 0.97-0.99); and content validity was strongly significant (p < 0.001).Conclusions preliminary results suggest that this version of the insi has good interrater reliability and internal consistency and constitutes a promising tool to assess social competence.

Journal: Trends in psychiatry and psychotherapy (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article