syedzayyan/paper_mill_benchmark huggingface dataset:
Beliefs about cancer causation in Samoa: results from an awareness campaign recall survey.

Introduction cancer is a leading cause of death in samoa.Cultural beliefs shape attitudes towards disease and disease prevention in pacific countries, and are a barrier to engaging in cancer screening services.Methods a survey of 205 samoan adults conducted as part of the evaluation of the first cancer awareness campaign implemented in samoa explored beliefs about cancer causation.Results lifestyle factors associated with a departure from fa'a samoa (traditional lifestyle) were most commonly cited as causing cancer.Cancer was also attributed to pathogens and person-to-person transmission, and, to a lesser extent, cultural beliefs including supernatural agency (spirits, god).Conclusion addressing misconceptions while integrating certain aspects of fa'a samoa into cancer control strategies could support greater engagement in health promotion practices and screening initiatives.

Journal: Rural and remote health (2021)
Publication types: Journal Article;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Backscattering Raman spectroscopy using multi-grating spatial heterodyne Raman spectrometer.

Spatial heterodyne raman spectrometry (shrs) is a spectral analysis technique used to study material structures and compositions.We propose a multi-grating shrs system that uses a multi-grating module rather than the single grating used to terminate each arm in traditional spatial heterodyne spectrometry (shs).The proposed system not only retains the advantages of traditional shs but also resolves the mutual limitation between system spectral range and resolution.The increased spectral range and resolution that can be achieved in detection are dependent on the number of sub-gratings used in the module.A verification system was built using 130 gr/mm and 150 gr/mm sub-gratings and calibrated.Under different experimental conditions (including laser power, integration time, container material and thickness, pure and mixed samples, and standoff experiments), the backscattered raman spectra of different types of targets (including organic solutions, inorganic powders, and minerals) were tested.The multi-grating shrs shows good performance for broad spectral range and high-resolution raman detection.

Journal: Applied optics (2018)
Publication types: Journal Article
A hybrid autoencoder framework of dimensionality reduction for brain-computer interface decoding.

As the scale of neural recording increases, brain-computer interfaces (bcis) are restrained by high-dimensional neural features, so dimensionality reduction is required as a preprocess of neural features.In this context, we propose a novel framework based on deep learning to reduce the dimensionality of neural features that are typically extracted from electrocorticography (eco g) or local field potential (lfp).Approach a high-performance autoencoder was implemented by chaining convolutional layers to deal with spatial and frequency dimensions with bottleneck long short-term memory (lstm) layers to deal with the temporal dimension of the features.Furthermore, this autoencoder is combined with a fully connected layer to regularize the training.Main results by applying the proposed method to two different datasets, we found that this dimensionality reduction method largely outperforms kernel principal component analysis (kpca), partial least square (pls), preferential subspace identification (psid), and latent factor analysis via dynamical systems (lfads).Besides, the new features obtained by our method can be applied to various bci decoders, without significant differences in decoding performance.Significance a novel method is proposed as a reliable tool for efficient dimensionality reduction of neural signals.Its high performance and robustness are promising to enhance the decoding accuracy and long-term stability of online bci systems based on large-scale neural recordings.

Journal: Computers in biology and medicine (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Identification of novel circulating miRNAs biomarkers for healthy obese and lean children.

The prevalence of childhood obesity and overweight has risen globally, leading to increased rates of metabolic disorders.Various factors, including genetic, epigenetic, and environmental influences such as diet and physical activity, contribute to pediatric obesity.This study aimed to identify specific circulating mi rnas as potential biomarkers for assessing obesity in children.Methods thirty children, including 15 obese and 15 extremely thin individuals, were selected for this study.Mi rna expression in circulating plasma was assessed using mi rna microarrays.The reliability of differential mi rna expression was confirmed using taq man q pcr.The correlation between mi rnas and obesity was analyzed through multiple linear regression, receiver operator characteristic (roc) curve analysis, and odds ratio (or) calculations.Bioinformatics tools were utilized to identify target genes for the selected mi rnas, and a functional network map was constructed.Results a total of 36 differentially expressed mi rnas were identified through gene chip analysis, and taq man q pcr validation confirmed the upregulation of seven mi rnas: hsa-mi r-126-3p, hsa-mi r-15b-5p, hsa-mi r-199a-3p, hsa-mi r-20a-5p, hsa-mi r-223-3p, hsa-mi r-23a-3p, and hsa-mi r-24-3p.Among these, hsa-mi r-15b-5p and hsa-mi r-223-3p exhibited a statistically significant difference except for hsa-mi r-23a-3p.These two mi rnas showed more predicted target genes related to obesity than others.Multiple linear regression analysis revealed an association between obesity and hsa-mi r-15b-5p and hsa-mi r-223-3p [10.529 (4.974-16.084), -10.225 (-17.852~ -2.657)].Even after adjusting for age and sex, these two mi rnas remained associated with obesity [8.936 (3.572-14.301), -8.449(-15.634~ -1.303)].The area under the roc curve (auc) reached values of 0.816, 0.711, and 0.929, respectively.Odds ratio analysis demonstrated a significant correlation between obesity and hsa-mi r-15b-5p (or = 143, 95% ci 5.80 to 56,313, p = 0.024) and between obesity and hsa-mi r-223-3p (or = 0.01, 95% ci 0.00 to 0.23, p = 0.037).Importantly, hsa-mi r-15b-5p was found to have numerous target genes associated with the fox o, insulin, ras, and ampk signaling pathways.Conclusions differential mi rna expression profiles in the circulation of obese children compared to controls suggest underlying metabolic abnormalities.Hsa-mi r-15b-5p and hsa-mi r-223-3p may be considered as molecular markers for the screening of obese children and populations at risk of developing metabolic syndrome.

Journal: BMC endocrine disorders (2023)
Publication types: Journal Article
Neonatal Intensive Care Unit discharge preparedness among families with limited english proficiency.

We compared the neonatal intensive care unit discharge preparedness of families with and without limited english proficiency (lep).Study design we performed a retrospective analysis of discharged families.Each family's discharge preparation was self-assessed on the day of discharge, and the discharging nurse assessed the family's overall emotional and technical discharge preparedness all on 9-point likert scales.Families were considered not prepared for discharge if they rated themselves or the nurse rated their preparedness as <7 on the likert scale.Results among 1307 discharged families, 90 had lep.The odds of being prepared for discharge were the same for both groups (a or = 0.62, 95% ci: 0.27-1.41; p = 0.258).In multivariable analyses, families with lep were less likely to be prepared with technical baby care skills (a or = 0.32, 95% ci: 0.13-0.81).Conclusion families with lep are at higher risk and may require special attention when preparing for nicu discharge.

Journal: Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association (2019)
Publication types: Journal Article
Identification of Diagnostic Biomarkers, Immune Infiltration Characteristics, and Potential Compounds in Rheumatoid Arthritis.

S this study is aimed at investigating the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (ra) by identifying key biomarkers, associated immune infiltration, and small-molecule compounds using bioinformatic analysis.Methods six datasets were obtained from the gene expression omnibus database, and the batch effect was adjusted.Functional enrichment analysis and kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (kegg) were used to analyse differentially expressed genes (degs).Furthermore, candidate small-molecule drugs associated with ra were selected from the connectivity map (cmap) database.The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression, support vector machine recursive feature elimination, and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed on degs to screen for ra diagnostic markers.The receiver operating characteristic curve, concordance index, and gi vi ti calibration band were the metrics used to assess the diagnostic markers of ra identified in this analysis.The single-sample gene set enrichment analysis was performed to calculate the scores of infiltrating immune cells and evaluate the activities of immune-related pathways.Finally, the correlation between screening markers and ra diagnosis was determined.Results a total of 227 degs were identified.Functional enrichment analysis and kegg revealed that degs were enriched by the immune response.Cmap analysis identified 11 small-molecule compounds with therapeutic potential for ra.In gene expression, the activities of 13 immune cells and 12 immune-related pathways significantly differed between patients with ra and healthy controls.Dpysl3 and spp1 had the potential to diagnose ra.Spp1 expression was positively correlated with dpysl3 in 11 immune cells and 10 immune-related pathways.Conclusion this study comprehensively analysed degs and immune infiltration and screened for potential diagnostic markers and small-molecule compounds of ra.

Journal: BioMed research international (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article;Retracted Publication
Nephritis-associated plasmin receptor (NAPlr)-positive glomerulonephritis in a case of ANCA-negative small vessel vasculitis.

A 75-year-old man with fever was diagnosed with alveolar hemorrhage.Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies for myeloperoxidase and proteinase 3 were absent.He received corticosteroid therapy, which immediately improved his symptoms and chest radiological findings.After the discontinuation of corticosteroids, fever and general fatigue relapsed, and renal function deteriorated with hematuria and proteinuria.A nerve conduction study revealed mononeuritis multiplex.Renal biopsy demonstrated focal necrotizing crescentic glomerulonephritis with endocapillary proliferative lesions, immunofluorescence c3 deposits, and electron-microscopic subepithelial hump-like deposits.Nephritis-associated plasmin receptor (naplr) and plasmin activity, biomarkers of infection-related glomerulonephritis, were positive in glomeruli.Although pathological findings suggested infection-related glomerulonephritis (irgn), clinical manifestations, such as alveolar hemorrhage and mononeuritis multiplex, suggested systemic small vessel vasculitis.After corticosteroid therapy, systemic symptoms disappeared, and the gradual amelioration of hematuria and proteinuria was observed.Based on the clinical symptoms for which steroid therapy was effective, the patient was considered to have systemic small vessel vasculitis, the etiology of which may have been associated with infection.

Journal: CEN case reports (2022)
Publication types: Case Reports;Journal Article
Experience of loss and grief among people from Germany who have lost their relatives during the pandemic: the impact of healthcare professionals' support.

Due to public restrictions during the early stages of the covid-19 pandemic, many people were unable to visit and bid a proper farewell to their dying loved ones.This study aimed to address the loss-oriented aspects of grief and bereavement of relatives and relate these to the support they may have received from their dying relative's caring professionals.Materials and methods people from germany who experienced bereavement during the covid-19 pandemic were enrolled in a cross-sectional study between july 2021 and may 2022, using standardized questionnaires (i.e., icg, inventory of complicated grief; bgl, burdened by grief and loss scale; who-5, who-five wellbeing index; and 5nrs, perception of burden related to the pandemic).Results most participants (n= 196) had the opportunity to visit their relatives before death (59%).When this was not possible, being burdened by grief and loss was significantly higher (eta2= 0.153), while this had no significant influence on complicated grief or psychological wellbeing.Furthermore, 34% of participants felt well-supported by the treatment/care team.Their own support was moderately correlated with bgl scores (r= -0.38) and marginally with icg scores (r= -15).Regression analyses showed that complicated grief symptoms as the dependent variable were predicted by (low) psychological wellbeing, relational status, and the perception of covid-19-related burden (r2= 0.70).In contrast, bgl as the dependent variable can be best explained by the perception of emotional affections because of restricted visits shortly before their death, by the (short) duration of visits before death, and by the relational status (r2= 0.53).Although both were interconnected (r= 0.44), their predictor pattern was different.Conclusion being able to visit dying relatives was important for the mourning and bereavement processes.This emotional aspect was more relevant to the normal, non-pathological grief and loss processes than to complicated grief processes.Support from their dying relatives' treatment/care team was highly relevant to the mourning process, but the visiting relatives often lacked information about additional resources such as psychologists or pastoral care professionals or had limited access to them.

Journal: Frontiers in public health (2023)
Publication types: Journal Article
An internet of microbes straddling the cosmos.

Exchanges of information analogous to a global internet have been known to take place between biological systems on the earth ranging from bacteria and viruses to plants and animals.We argue that this process can be extended to include a cosmic biosphere within which evolution would seem to be intimately interlinked across astronomical, perhaps cosmological distance scales.Comets and interstellar dust, argued to have a bacterial/viral component, could be involved in establishing these links.

Journal: Advances in genetics (2020)
Publication types: Journal Article;Review
HIV-Induced Hyperactivity of Striatal Neurons Is Associated with Dysfunction of Voltage-Gated Calcium and Potassium Channels at Middle Age.

Despite combination antiretroviral therapy, hiv-associated neurocognitive disorders (hand) occur in ~50% of people living with hiv (plwh), which are associated with dysfunction of the corticostriatal pathway.The mechanism by which hiv alters the neuronal activity in the striatum is unknown.The goal of this study is to reveal the dysfunction of striatal neurons in the context of neuro hiv during aging.Using patch-clamping electrophysiology, we evaluated the functional activity of medium spiny neurons (msns), including firing, ca2+spikes mediated by voltage-gated ca2+channels (vgccs), and k+channel-mediated membrane excitability, in brain slices containing the dorsal striatum (a.k.a.The caudate-putamen) from 12-month-old (12mo) hiv-1 transgenic (hiv-1 tg) rats.We also assessed the protein expression of voltage-gated cav1.2/cav1.3 l-type ca2+channels (l-channels), nmda receptors (nmdar, nr2b subunit), and gabaareceptors (gabaars, β2,3subunit) in the striatum.We found that msns had significantly increased firing in 12mo hiv-1 tg rats compared to age-matched non-tg control rats.Unexpectedly, ca2+spikes were significantly reduced, while kvchannel activity was increased, in msns of hiv-1 tg rats compared to non-tg ones.The reduced ca2+spikes were associated with an abnormally increased expression of a shorter, less functional cav1.2 l-channel form, while there was no significant change in the expression of nr2bs or gabaars.Collectively, the present study initially reveals neuro hiv-induced dysfunction of striatal msns in 12mo-old (middle) rats, which is uncoupled from vgcc upregulation and reduced kvactivity (that we previously identified in younger hiv-1 tg rats).Notably, such striatal dysfunction is also associated with hiv-induced hyperactivity/neurotoxicity of glutamatergic pyramidal neurons in the medial prefrontal cortex (m pfc) that send excitatory input to the striatum (demonstrated in our previous studies).Whether such msn dysfunction is mediated by alterations in the functional activity instead of the expression of nr2b/gabaar (or other subtypes) requires further investigation.

Journal: Membranes (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
Acetophenone-Based 3,4-Dihydropyrimidine-2(1H)-Thione as Potential Inhibitor of Tyrosinase and Ribonucleotide Reductase: Facile Synthesis, Crystal Structure, In-Vitro and In-Silico Investigations.

The acetophenone-based 3,4-dihydropyrimidine-2(1h)-thione was synthesized by the reaction of 4-methylpent-3-en-2-one (1), 4-acetyl aniline (2) and potassium thiocyanate.The spectroscopic analysis including: ftir,1h-nmr, and single crystal analysis proved the structure of synthesized compound (4), with the six-membered nonplanar ring in envelope conformation.In crystal structure, the intermolecular n-h ⋯ s and c-h ⋯ o hydrogen bonds link the molecule in a two-dimensional manner which is parallel to (010) the plane enclosing r22(8) and r22(10) ring motifs.After that, the hirshfeld surfaces and their related two-dimensional fingerprint plots were used for thorough investigation of intermolecular interactions.According to hirshfeld surface analysis, the most substantial contributions to the crystal packing are from h ⋯ h (59.5%), h ⋯ s/s ⋯ h (16.1%), and h ⋯ c/c ⋯ h (13.1%) interactions.The electronic properties and stability of the compound were investigated through density functional theory (dft) studies using b3lyp functional and 6-31g* as a basis set.The compound4displayed the high chemical reactivity with chemical softness of 2.48.In comparison to the already reported known tyrosinase inhibitor, the newly synthesized derivatives exhibited almost seven-fold better inhibition of tyrosinase (ic50= 1.97 μm), which was further supported by molecular docking studies.The compound4inside the active pocket of ribonucleotide reductase (rnr) exhibited a binding energy of -19.68 k j/mol, and with mammalian deoxy ribonucleic acid (dna) it acts as an effective dna groove binder with a binding energy of -21.32 k j/mol.The results suggested further exploration of this compound at molecular level to synthesize more potential leads for the treatment of cancer.

Journal: International journal of molecular sciences (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
Bio-Inspired Dynamic Collective Choice in Large-Population Systems: A Robust Mean-Field Game Perspective.

Inspired by the collective decision making in biological systems, such as honeybee swarm searching for a new colony, we study a dynamic collective choice problem for large-population systems with the purpose of realizing certain advantageous features observed in biology.This problem focuses on the situation where a large number of heterogeneous agents subject to adversarial disturbances move from initial positions toward one of the destinations in a finite time while trying to remain close to the average trajectory of all agents.To overcome the complexity of this problem resulting from the large population and the heterogeneity of agents, and also to enforce some specific choices by individuals, we formulate the problem under consideration as a robust mean-field game with non-convex and non-smooth cost functions.Through nash equivalence principle, we first deal with a single-player h∞tracking problem by taking the population behavior as a fixed trajectory, and then establish a mean-field system to estimate the population behavior.Optimal control strategies and worst disturbances, independent of the population size, are designed, which give a way to realize the collective decision-making behavior emerged in biological systems.We further prove that the designed strategies constitute εn-nash equilibrium, where εngoes toward zero as the number of agents increases to infinity.The effectiveness of the proposed results are illustrated through two simulation examples.

Journal: IEEE transactions on neural networks and learning systems (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Surface Properties of Alkyldi(oxyethylene) β-D-Maltoside.

A series of nonionic disaccharide-based surfactants alkyldi(oxyethylene) β-d-maltosides (4a-4h, n = 6-16) were synthesized, and their physicochemical properties were further investigated.Six β-d-maltosides (4c-4h,n= 8-16) exhibited a fan-shaped texture feature, whereas hexyldi(oxyethylene) β-d-maltoside (4a) had the strongest hygroscopicity.Owing to the incorporation of the hydrophilic dioxyethyl spacer (-(och2ch2)2-), the related water solubility improved significantly.Tetradecyldi(oxyethylene) β-d-maltoside (4g) had good water solubility, whereas hexadecyldi(oxyethylene) β-d-maltoside (4h) had weak water solubility.Meanwhile, the surface tension of β-d-maltosides (4a-4g,n= 6-14) had a decreasing tendency with increasing the alkyl chain length, whereas4ghad the best surface activity.Furthermore, decyldi(oxyethylene) β-d-maltoside (4e) had the best foaming ability and foam stability.Dodecyldi(oxyethylene) β-d-maltoside (4f) had the best emulsifying property in the rapeseed oil/water system.In contrast, both ammonium dodecyl sulfate (nh4ds)/4fand cetyltrimethylammonium chloride (ctac)/4fbinary surfactant systems showed a synergistic effect in surface activity because the ccmc/cmcidmixwas <1.Na cl impacted the surface activity of the aqueous4fsolution through salt-surfactant synergistic effects.The results showed that such surfactants should have potential applications in the related field in the future.

Journal: Journal of agricultural and food chemistry (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
Wood-Water Relations Affected by Anhydride and Formaldehyde Modification of Wood.

The moisture uptake of wood is influenced by accessible hydroxyl groups acting as sorption sites and the water-available cell wall space.To what extent do these mechanisms control the moisture uptake in wood needs to be addressed.For this purpose, we modified sorption site density and cell wall space by wood treatments with acetic anhydride or formaldehyde and investigated their effects on moisture uptake.Chemical changes at the cell wall level caused by the treatments were first determined by confocal raman imaging.Following this, the deuterium exchange method was used to gravimetrically measure the hydroxyl accessibility, while the moisture uptake and the consequent swelling of the wood were determined by dynamic measurements of mass and dimensions within the hygroscopic range.The results showed that the effectiveness in reducing the moisture content of untreated wood across the hygroscopic range differed between the anhydride- and formaldehyde-modified wood.We also observed a poor correlation of accessible hydroxyl concentration in formaldehyde-modified wood with weight percentage gain and water uptake.Moreover, the dynamic mass and dimension analysis indicated that the reduction in swelling in formalized wood was affected by an unidentified mechanism in addition to reduced moisture content.

Journal: ACS omega (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article