syedzayyan/paper_mill_benchmark huggingface dataset:
Gut microbiota-drug interactions in cancer pharmacotherapies: implications for efficacy and adverse effects.

Introduction the gut microbiota is involved in host physiology and health.Reciprocal microbiota-drug interactions are increasingly recognized as underlying some individual differences in therapy response and adverse events.Cancer pharmacotherapies are characterized by a high degree of interpatient variability in efficacy and side effect profile and recently, the microbiota has emerged as a factor that may underlie these differences.Areas covered the effects of cancer pharmacotherapy on microbiota composition and function are reviewed with consideration of the relationship between baseline microbiota composition, microbiota modification, antibiotics exposure, and cancer therapy efficacy.We assess the evidence implicating the microbiota in cancer therapy-related adverse events including impaired gut function, cognition, and pain perception.Finally, potential mechanisms underlying microbiota-cancer drug interactions are described, including direct microbial metabolism, and microbial modulation of liver metabolism and immune function.This review focused on preclinical and clinical studies conducted in the last 5 years.Expert opinion preclinical and clinical research supports a role for baseline microbiota in cancer therapy efficacy, with emerging evidence that the microbiota modification may assist in side effect management.Future efforts should focus on exploiting this knowledge toward the development of microbiota-targeted therapies.Finally, a focus on specific drug-microbiota-cancer interactions is warranted.

Journal: Expert opinion on drug metabolism & toxicology (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article;Review
Reduction of tyrosine hydroxylase expression and increase of α-synuclein in the substantia nigra in a rat model of benign prostatic hyperplasia.

Parkinson's disease (pd) occurs when dopaminergic cells in the substantia nigra (sn) region are destroyed; however, the cause of the destruction of dopamine cells has not yet been determined.This study was performed to investigate whether changes in the hormones that cause benign prostatic hyperplasia (bph) are related to pathological changes in pd.The pathological findings were examined by observing the lesion sites related to pd in a bph rat model.Bph was induced in rats by subcutaneous injection of testosterone propionate for 4 weeks after castration.To investigate the changes in the sn regions, tyrosine hydroxylase (th) and α-synuclein (α-syn) expression were analyzed by western blotting.Th expression, expressed in dopaminergic cells and used as a dopaminergic cell detection marker, decreased, whereas α-syn expression increased at the sn site.These results are quite similar to the pathological changes observed in patients with pd and parkinsonism animal models.Our results showed an increased expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 in the sn regions in the bph group.Additionally, a decreased expression of b-cell lymphoma protein 2 and an increased expression of b-cell lymphoma protein 2-associated x, suggesting increased apoptosis, were observed in the bph group.These results suggest that the pathological changes associated with pd may be caused by bph or factors related to bph.Thus, this study has presented a new avenue for an approach related to hormonal changes as a method to determine the cause of pd, for which the exact cause is not yet known.

Journal: Neuroscience letters (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Patterns and predictors of referral to the specialized chronic lymphocytic leukemia clinic in Manitoba, Canada.

Better cll patient survival has been reported for specialized cll clinics/hematologists (compared to other cll patients).It is possible that improved survival is driven by a better prognosis of referred patients.Methods we used logistic regression to calculate the odds ratios (ors) and 95 % confidence intervals 95 %cis) of the association between patient characteristics and cll referral of all persons diagnosed in 2005-2016 with a pathologically-confirmed cll or sll.Results two-thirds of 1293 patients were referred to the cll clinic.Referred patients were younger (16 % vs 44 % were 80 +) and in better health (47 % vs 56 % with a chronic diseases) than non-referred patients.Referral increased over time: in 2005-2010, about 60 % of patients were referred; in 2011-2016, this increased to 76 %.Gender did not affect referral (the or for females is 1.0, 95 %ci 0.8-1.2), but age played a major role; cll patients diagnosed at age 80 + were less likely to be referred than patients diagnosed < 60, 0.2 (0.1-0.3).Conclusion because referral to manitoba's specialized cll clinic is associated with age and the patient's overall health before referral, one should be careful in interpreting differences in outcomes between cll patients based on referral status alone.

Journal: Cancer epidemiology (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Advanced airway management and respiratory care in decompensated pulmonary hypertension.

Meticulous risk stratification is essential when considering intubation of a patient with decompensated pulmonary hypertension (d ph).It is paramount to understand both the pathophysiology of d ph (and associated right ventricular failure) and the complications related to a high-risk intubation before attempting the procedure.There are few recommendations in this area and the literature, guiding these recommendations, is limited to expert opinion and very few case reports/case series.This review will discuss the complex pathophysiology of d ph, the complications associated with intubation, the debates surrounding induction agents, and the available options for the intubation procedure, with specific emphasis on the emerging role for awake fiberoptic intubation.All patients should be evaluated for candidacy for veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygen as a bridge to recovery, lung transplantation, or pulmonary endarterectomy prior to intubation.Only an experienced proceduralist who is both comfortable with high-risk intubations and the pathophysiology of d ph should perform these intubations.

Journal: Heart failure reviews (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article;Review
A 4D x-ray computer microtomography for high-temperature electrochemistry.

High-temperature electrochemistry is widely used in many fields.However, real-time observations and an in-depth understanding of the inside evolution of this system from an experimental perspective remain limited because of harsh reaction conditions and multiphysics fields.Here, we tackled this challenge with a high-temperature electrolysis facility developed in-house.This facility permits in situ x-ray computer microtomography (μ-ct) for nondestructive and quantitative three-dimensional (3d) imaging.In an electrorefining system, the μ-ct probed the dynamic evolution of 3d morphology and components of electrodes (4d).Subsequently, this 4d process was visually presented via reconstructed images.The results monitor the efficiency of the process, explore the dynamic mechanisms, and even offer real-time optimization.This 4d analysis platform is notable for in-depth combinations of traditional electrochemistry with digital twin technologies owing to its multiscale visualization and high efficiency of data extraction.

Journal: Science advances (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
Artificial-Intelligence-Based Decision Making for Oral Potentially Malignant Disorder Diagnosis in Internet of Medical Things Environment.

Oral cancer is considered one of the most common cancer types in several counties.Earlier-stage identification is essential for better prognosis, treatment, and survival.To enhance precision medicine, internet of medical things (io mt) and deep learning (dl) models can be developed for automated oral cancer classification to improve detection rate and decrease cancer-specific mortality.This article focuses on the design of an optimal inception-deep convolution neural network for oral potentially malignant disorder detection (oidcnn-opmdd) technique in the io mt environment.The presented oidcnn-opmdd technique mainly concentrates on identifying and classifying oral cancer by using an io mt device-based data collection process.In this study, the feature extraction and classification process are performed using the idcnn model, which integrates the inception module with dcnn.To enhance the classification performance of the idcnn model, the moth flame optimization (mfo) technique can be employed.The experimental results of the oidcnn-opmdd technique are investigated, and the results are inspected under specific measures.The experimental outcome pointed out the enhanced performance of the oidcnn-opmdd model over other dl models.

Journal: Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
A prediction-based method to estimate student learning outcome: Impact of response rate and gender differences on evaluation results.

Low response rates threaten the reliability and validity of student evaluations of teaching.Previous research has shown that asking students to predict how satisfied their fellow students were with a course produces reliable results at lower response rates.The aim of this study was to investigate whether this prediction-based method can also be used to evaluate student learning outcome.Methods before and after a cardiorespiratory module, 128 fourth-year medical students provided self-assessments and predictions of performance on 27 specific learning objectives and took formative tests on the respective contents.Pre-post performance gain was compared across all three modalities.Results formative exam results indicated a performance gain of 63.0%.Self-assessed and prediction-based performance gains were identical (67.8%) but both slightly overestimated actual performance gain.Irrespective of the method used, a response rate of 20% was sufficient to produce reliable results.Compared to male students, females greatly overestimated their peers' performance which led to inflated performance gain values.Conclusions student self-assessments and predictions are equally valid sources of learning outcome measures, and low response rates are sufficient to produce stable results.When using a prediction-based approach, a tendency to overestimate learning outcome in female students needs to be taken into account.

Journal: Medical teacher (2021)
Publication types: Journal Article
Gentle facemask ventilation during induction of anesthesia.

To determine the level of inspiratory pressure minimizing the risk of gastric insufflation while providing adequate pulmonary ventilation.Methods in this prospective, randomized, double-blind study, patients were allocated to one of the two groups (p10, p15) defined by the inspiratory pressure applied during controlled-pressure ventilation: 10 and 15 cm h2o.Anesthesia was induced using propofol and sufentanil; no neuromuscular-blocking agent was administered.Once loss of eyelash reflex occurred, facemask ventilation was started for a 2-min period.The cross-sectional antral area was measured using ultrasonography before and after facemask ventilation.Respiratory parameters were recorded.Results forty patients were analyzed.Mean tidal volume was about 7 ml/kg in group p10, and was >11 ml/kg in group p15 in the same period.As indicated by ultrasonography test, the antral area in p15 group was markedly incresed compared with p10 group.Conclusion inspiratory pressure of 10 cm h2o allowed for reduced occurrence of gastric insufflation with proper lung ventilation during induction of anesthesia with sufentanil and propofol in nonparalyzed and nonobese patients.

Journal: The American journal of emergency medicine (2020)
Publication types: Journal Article;Randomized Controlled Trial
Exploring the potential of phenolic compounds from the coffee pulp in preventing cellular oxidative stress after in vitro digestion.

The coffee pulp, a by-product of the coffee industry, contains a high concentration of phenolic compounds and caffeine.Simulated gastrointestinal digestion may influence these active compounds' bioaccessibility, bioavailability, and bioactivity.Understanding the impact of the digestive metabolism on the coffee pulp's phenolic composition and its effect on cellular oxidative stress biomarkers is essential.In this study, we evaluated the influence of in vitro gastrointestinal digestion of the coffee pulp flour (cpf) and extract (cpe) on their phenolic profile, radical scavenging capacity, cellular antioxidant activity, and cytoprotective properties in intestinal epithelial (iec-6) and hepatic (hep g2) cells.The cpf and the cpe contained a high amount of caffeine and phenolic compounds, predominantly phenolic acids (3',4'-dihydroxycinnamoylquinic and 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acids) and flavonoids (3,3',4',5,7-pentahydroxyflavone derivatives).Simulated digestion resulted in increased antioxidant capacity, and both the cpf and the cpe demonstrated free radical scavenging abilities even after in vitro digestion.The cpf and the cpe did not induce cytotoxicity in intestinal and hepatic cells, and both matrices exhibited the ability to scavenge intracellular reactive oxygen species.The coffee pulp treatments prevented the decrease of glutathione, thiol groups, and superoxide dismutase and catalase enzymatic activities evoked by tert-butyl hydroperoxide elicitation in iec-6 and hep g2 cells.Our findings suggest that the coffee pulp could be used as a potent food ingredient for preventing cellular oxidative stress due to its high content of antioxidant compounds.

Journal: Food research international (Ottawa, Ont.) (2023)
Publication types: Journal Article;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Inverted Y ureteral duplication with an ectopic ureter and multiple urinary calculi: A case report.

In the clinical treatment of diseases related to ureteral duplication, it is very important to make a clear diagnosis before surgery because different types of ureteral duplication correspond to different treatment options.Inverted y ureteral duplication with ectopic ureters and multiple urinary calculi is clinically rare.This case can help clinicians increase their understanding of this disease and gain some experience in its diagnosis and treatment.Case summary a 36-year-old male who was previously healthy presented to the hospital with lumbar pain.Percussion of the right kidney area showed the patient had pain.Computed tomography scans revealed multiple urinary calculi in the right urinary system.Computed tomography urography revealed a duplicated ureteral malformation with an ectopic ureter.A transurethral ureteroscopic holmium laser lithotripsy was performed successfully.Intraoperative retrograde ureterography was performed, and the ectopic ureter was visible.We informed the family of the intraoperative findings and suggested laparoscopic ectopic ureterectomy for the ectopic ureteral stones.Unfortunately, the family temporarily refused laparoscopic surgery.The patient did not feel any discomfort after one year of follow-up.Conclusion inverted y ureteral duplication with an ectopic ureter and multiple urinary calculi is rare.Clinicians must be highly vigilant, make a correct diagnosis before surgery, determine the type of ureteral duplication and the distribution of urinary calculi, and then draw up a reasonable treatment plan to avoid unnecessary complications.

Journal: World journal of clinical cases (2022)
Publication types: Case Reports;Journal Article
Recruitment Traits Could Influence Species' Geographical Range: A Case Study in the GenusSaxifragaL.

The reasons why some species occur widespread, while related species have restricted geographical ranges have been attributed to habitat specialization or ecological niche breadth.For species in the genus saxifraga, habitat specialization alone cannot explain the distributional differences observed.We hypothesize that recruitment traits (i.e., germination, emergence, and survival) may account for differences in geographical ranges and that early life stages correlate to survival.We studied recruitment responses in 13 widespread and 12 narrow-ranged saxifragaspecies in the laboratory and common garden experiments using seeds collected from 79 populations in the european alps.We found that in the laboratory cold temperature led to higher germination percentages compared with warm temperature for both distribution groups.This represents an exception to the general assumption that alpine species require warm cues for germination.In warm laboratory temperatures, widespread species germinated better than narrow-ranged species, indicating a greater tolerance of warm temperatures for the former.Subsequent to germination, recruitment traits between the two distribution groups were lower or null in the common garden, suggesting that the impact of recruitment on species' geographical ranges occurs at the earliest life stage.Mean time to emergence of narrow-ranged species showed lower variability than that of widespread species.Consistently, intraspecific variation of mean annual temperatures between seed collection sites was lower for narrow-ranged species, indicating a close relationship between home sites and emergence time.Emergence percentage was a strong predictor of survival only for widespread species, underlining that seed and seedling functional traits differ between distribution groups, which require further research.Our results support the view that early life stages are critical to population dynamics and thus can influence species' geographical ranges.The wider responses to climatic conditions in widespread species may have facilitated their spread across the alps.Our results also suggest that all saxifragaspecies face a considerable threat from climate warming due to their overall cold-adapted recruitment niche.

Journal: Frontiers in plant science (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
The Impact of Feed Supplementations on Asian Buffaloes: A Review.

With the increase in the global buffalo herd, the use of supplementation in the ruminant feeding has become an important area for many researchers who are looking for an isocaloric and isonitrogenous diet to improve production parameters.In order to improve the performance of the asian water buffalo, the optimal balance of all nutrients, including energy and protein, are important as macronutrients.Dietary supplementation is one of the alternatives to enhance the essential nutrient content in the buffalo diet and to improve the rumen metabolism of the animal.Researchers have found that supplementation of concentrate and rumen bypass fat could change growth performance and carcass traits without causing any adverse effects on the buffalo growth.Some studies showed that dry matter intake, body condition score and some blood parameters and hormones related to growth responded positively to concentrate and rumen bypass fat supplementation.In addition, changes of feeding management by adding the supplement to the ruminant basal diet helped to increase the profit of the local farmers due to the increased performance and productivity of the animals.Nevertheless, the effects of dietary supplementation on the performance of ruminants are inconsistent.Thus, its long-term effects on the health and productivity of buffaloes still need to be further investigated.

Journal: Animals : an open access journal from MDPI (2021)
Publication types: Journal Article;Review
A study of regular exercise, social support and depression in the community-dwelling older people.

S this study aims to explore the relationship between regular exercise, social support and depression in community-dwelling older people and find out the predictors of depression.Methods cross-sectional and correlation designs were used.The participants were recruited from august to october in 2020.The strobe was used as a checklist for this study.Results the study found that female gender, older age, poor sleep quality, irregular exercise and low social support were the main predictors of depression among the community-dwelling older people.Conclusion it is suggested that healthcare professionals motivate the older people to exercise regularly in the community using individualized exercise routines designed according to their physical conditions such as different types, frequencies and intensity of exercise.Providing social support to each other at the community care site should be encouraged, and regular assessment of the mental health of community-dwelling older people should be done.It is also recommended to organize a timely depression-related education course for older people in the community.

Journal: International journal of nursing practice (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
Child-rearing experiences of mothers with early adolescents in Korean multicultural families.

This study was conducted to explore the child-rearing experiences of mothers with early adolescents in korean multicultural families.Methods the participants were six mothers with early adolescents in korean multicultural families.Data were collected through in-depth interviews.The main question was, "could you tell me about your child-rearing experiences with your adolescent child?" the data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis.Results four categories resulted from the analysis of child-rearing experiences of mothers with early adolescents in korean multicultural families, as follows: "separation between myself and others", "distance between myself and my adolescent child", "making efforts to bridge the gap between myself and others", and "trying to connect with my adolescent child closely".Conclusion these findings indicate that mothers in korean multicultural families made many efforts to bridge the gap between themselves and other people, and tried to connect with their children closely.The findings of this study emphasize specific aspects of how mothers with early adolescents experienced child-rearing in korean multicultural families.

Journal: Child health nursing research (2021)
Publication types: Journal Article
Mentoring is in the 'I' of the beholder: supporting mentors in reflecting on their actual and preferred way of mentoring.

An important strategy to support the professional development of mentors in health professions education is to encourage critical reflection on what they do, why they do it, and how they do it.Not only the 'how' of mentoring should be covered, but also the implicit knowledge and beliefs fundamental to the mentoring practice (a mentor's personal interpretative framework).This study analyzed the extent to which mentors perceive a difference between how they actually mentor and how they prefer to mentor.Methods the merit (mentor reflection instrumen t) survey (distributed in 2020, n = 228), was used to ask mentors about the how, what, and why of their mentoring in two response modes: (1) regarding their actual mentoring practice and (2) regarding their preferred mentoring practice.With an analysis of covariance, it was explored whether potential discrepancies between these responses were influenced by experience, profession of the mentor, and curriculum-bound assessment requirements.Results the averaged total merit score and averaged scores for the subscales 'supporting personal development' and 'monitoring performance' were significantly higher for preferred than for actual mentoring.In addition, mentors' experience interacted significantly with these scores, such that the difference between actual and preferred scores became smaller with more years of experience.Conclusions mentors can reflect on their actual and preferred approach to mentoring.This analysis and the potential discrepancy between actual and preferred mentoring can serve as input for individual professional development trajectories.

Journal: BMC medical education (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article