syedzayyan/paper_mill_benchmark huggingface dataset:
A Case Series: Describing the Coronavirus Pandemic Response in Small Naval OCONUS Military Treatment Facilities.

Introduction the european sars-co v-2 (covid-19) outbreak threatened military beneficiaries receiving care outside of the united states.Military treatment facilities located outside the united states were the first to respond to the pandemic, requiring immediate action to establish novel protocols.The purpose of this case series is to describe challenges, solutions, and future recommendations during a pandemic response at three small naval military treatment facilities located outside the continental united states (oconus).Results the analysis and discussion reviews challenges in information processing, communication methods and patterns, process changes, actions for staff protection, and change fatigue experienced during this time.Conclusions recommendations for future work include filling the gaps in the evidence for a prolonged pandemic response and crisis management, such as the current sars-co v-2 pandemic, including best practices to communicate, maintain staff resilience, and manage or mitigate associated prolonged stress and uncertainty.

Journal: Military medicine (2021)
Publication types: Journal Article
Tibial External Rotation Test for Patellar Instability.

There is no dynamic physical examination test that reproduces patellar instability or the effect of tibial rotation on patellar tracking.Methods this article describes a provocative physical examination test that can reproduce lateral patellar subluxation: the tibial external rotation test (tert).The principle behind the tert is to vary the quadriceps angle (q-angle) by changing the rotation of the tibia with the knee at 90° of flexion and asking the patient to forcefully extend the knee against resistance.If the patella subluxates at about 25° of flexion when the tibia is held in the externally rotated position and the knee is extended against resistance (i.e., with an increased q-angle) but is more stable when the same is done when the tibia is internally rotated, the test is positive.Results the tert confirmed the diagnosis of patellar instability and helped determine if medialization of the tibial tubercle should be performed.Conclusions the tert is a provocative physical examination test that can cause the patella to subluxate laterally.The tert can simulate the effect of medializing the tibial tubercle on patellar tracking.Level of evidence diagnostic level v.See instructions for authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.

Journal: The Journal of bone and joint surgery. American volume (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
Quality of home healthcare among Arab countries.

To examine the quality of home healthcare services provided and to systematically review publications concerning the quality of home healthcare in arab countries.Methods: in 2017, we conducted an online literature search to identify relevant published studies using the following electronic databases: embase, cinahl, pub med, and the cochrane library.First, we screened the publications according to titles.Second, we evaluated the titles and abstracts of the included publications.Third, we independently reviewed and assessed the full texts of the included publications.After the final selection, we extracted the following information from the full-text articles that met the inclusion criteria: author, year of publication, country, study design, number of participants, participant type, and the main findings.Results: in total, 6 of 214 studies met the inclusion criteria.These 6 studies were published from 3 countries.The country with the most number of studies was saudi arabia (4 articles), followed by jordan (one article) and iraq (one article).We found that all studies were assessed according to 3 indicators, namely, safety, efficiency, and effectiveness, out of the 6 indicators of quality by the institute of medicine.Conclusion: this review shows a clear gap in the literature regarding the quality of home healthcare in arab countries, emphasizing the need for more studies, particularly quality studies on timely, equitable, and patient-centered care in home healthcare settings.

Journal: Saudi medical journal (2020)
Publication types: Journal Article;Systematic Review
Transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation to reduce opioid consumption in patients undergoing inguinal hernia repair: protocol for a randomized controlled trial.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation (teas) in the postoperative treatment of patients undergoing inguinal hernia repair compared with sham and no treatment group.Methods this study is a protocol for a three-armed, single-blinded, placebo-controlled randomized controlled trial.Ninety participants scheduled for inguinal hernia repair will be randomly assigned to the teas group (n = 30), sham group (n = 30), and control group (n = 30).The teas group will receive treatment using four portable coin-sized electro-stimulators at both local and distal acupuncture points.The sham group will receive sham treatment with mock electrostimulation.The treatment groups will receive mixed frequency stimulation (alternating at 2 and 100 hz every 3 s) in continuous mode for 30 min at intervals of 2 h for 24 h postoperatively.The control group will receive postoperative pain control using patient-controlled analgesia (pca) device.The primary outcome is the total morphine dose received in the postoperative period (mg) using pca 24 h after surgery.The number of pca demands (i.e., times the button will be pressed) and delivered bolus doses, score on the visual analogue scale, opioid-related side effects, the requirement for supplemental medications, score on the hospital anxiety and depression scale (hads), and blood levels of stress hormones cortisol and prolactin.Discussion the results of this trial will determine whether teas with intensified stimulation protocol is a safe and effective option for reducing analgesic consumption and postoperative pain.Trial registration isrctn76428396.Registered on 05 october 2020.

Journal: Trials (2022)
Publication types: Clinical Trial Protocol;Journal Article
Safety evaluation of the atmospheric low-temperature plasma (ALTP) on the conjunctiva: an animal study and histopathological findings; 6-month follow-up.

Plasma medicine is an innovative research field focused on the application of atmospheric-pressure low-temperature plasmas (altp) for therapeutic purposes.Considering the potentials of plasma in ophthalmology, in this study, we evaluated the safety of plasma on the conjunctival tissue in animal models for 6 months.Methods twelve adult male new zealand albino rabbits were divided into four groups.The right eye of each rabbit was chosen for the test and the left eye was considered as the control.Experiments were performed using the plexr device (gmv, rocca priora, rm, italy).Four plasma spots were applied on the superior part of the conjunctiva (from 10 to 2 o'clock positions) using the continuous mode and a low power level (white handpiece) of the plexr.For evaluation of the plasma safety, the histopathological changes were assessed 1 week (a), 1 month (b), 3 months (c), and 6 months (d) after the intervention.Results according to the histopathological findings, a mild decrease in blood vessels and severe stromal edema, as well as a superficial epithelium loss, were observed in group a.No chronic inflammation, scar tissue, deposition, and hemorrhage were found in group b.Epithelialization was confirmed by the histological examinations after 1 month.There was no evidence of atypia or dysplasia after 3 and 6 months.Conclusion in conclusion, there were no persistent histopathological changes on conjunctival tissue after plasma exposure.Then, plasma can be considered as a minimally invasive alternative method for treating some ocular surface disorders.

Journal: BMC ophthalmology (2021)
Publication types: Journal Article
Formulation development of lipid nanoparticles: Improved lipid screening and development of tacrolimus loaded nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC).

Lipid nanoparticles are well-known nanocarriers for improved drug delivery.Their formulation development typically involves three formulations steps.In the first part a suitable lipid mixture which enables a high loading capacity and high encapsulation efficacy of the active needs to be identified (lipid screening).In the second step suitable stabilizers that enable the production of small-sized lipid nanoparticles with narrow size distribution and sufficient physical stability need to be identified (stabilizer screening, optimization of production parameters) and in the third step the biopharmaceutical efficacy needs to be evaluated.Based on the results obtained the formulations will require further optimization.The classical formulation development of lipid nanoparticles and especially the classical lipid screening is tedious.Therefore, in this study, a novel approach for the lipid screening that was based on the determination of the hansen solubility parameters was evaluated and the results obtained were compared to the results from the classical model.Tacrolimus was used as a model drug.Results showed that both lipid screenings led to similar results, indicating that the new approach can be used for future developments.The optimized formulation was composed of a lipid matrix system that contained waxes, triglycerides and monoacylglycerols with various carbon chain lengths (c8, c10, c16, c18) and enabled an encapsulation efficiency of ~99%.The stabilizer screening showed that surfactants with high hlb values, lower molecular weight, and shorter alkyl chain length tended to form smaller particles with narrower size distribution and better physical stability.The most suitable surfactant was found to be a caprylyl/capryl glucoside (plantacare® 810), a peg-free stabilizer, that is extremely mild for atopic skin.It led to particle sizes of about 200 nm and a zeta potential well above |30| m v.The optimized formulation contained 0.1% tacrolimus and possessed good physical stability.In conclusion, an optimized method for the selection of lipids that results in a limited number of experiments could be established and tacrolimus loaded lipid nanoparticles with similar drug load as a marketed formulation was successfully developed in this study.

Journal: International journal of pharmaceutics (2020)
Publication types: Journal Article
Self-assessment scale for the community-based and emergency practice.

For current medical education, community-based primary care for the elderly is an essential topic.This study aimed to establish a scale of community-based assessment for clinical and emergency practice (c-cep).Methods a self-assessment scale for c-cep was developed according to four steps.Initially, we reviewed publications from the societies of the united states, british, and japan regarding educational goals.In addition, we searched medline for educational goals regarding attitude, skills, and knowledge.Getting together, we established 23 items as the educational goals of the c-cep.Second, we collected responses for these 23 items from 5th-grade medical students (n = 195).Third, we conducted an exploratory factor analysis (efa) using their responses to determine the fundamental structure of the self-assessment scale.Finally, a confirmatory factor analysis (cfa) was performed to assess the fitness of the self-assessment scale developing the efa, resulting in modification of the items.Results in efa and cfa results, c-cep scale consisted of four factors with 15 items: "attitude and communication in emergency care," basic clinical skills," "knowledge of community healthcare," and "knowledge of evidence-based medicine perseverance." the model fit indices were acceptable (goodness of fix index = 0.928, adjusted goodness of fit index = 0.900, comparative fit index = 0.979, and root mean square error of approximation = 0.045).The values of mc donald's omega as an estimate of scale reliability were more than 0.7 in all four factors.As for test-retest reliability, the intraclass correlation coefficients were ≥ 0.58 for all factors.All four factors of the c-cep scale correlated positively with the medical professionalism evaluation scale subscales.Conclusions we developed a valid and reliable self-assessment scale to assess student competence.

Journal: BMC medical education (2022)
Publication types: Review;Journal Article
Modeling the Differentiation of Embryonic Limb Chondroprogenitors by Cell Death and Cell Senescence in High Density Micromass Cultures and Their Regulation by FGF Signaling.

Considering the importance of programmed cell death in the formation of the skeleton during embryonic development, the aim of the present study was to analyze whether regulated cell degeneration also accompanies the differentiation of embryonic limb skeletal progenitors in high-density tridimensional cultures (micromass cultures).Our results show that the formation of primary cartilage nodules in the micromass culture assay involves a patterned process of cell death and cell senescence, complementary to the pattern of chondrogenesis.As occurs in vivo, the degenerative events were preceded by dna damage detectable by γh2ax immunolabeling and proceeded via apoptosis and cell senescence.Combined treatments of the cultures with growth factors active during limb skeletogenesis, including fgf, bmp, and wnt revealed that fgf signaling modulates the response of progenitors to signaling pathways implicated in cell death.Transcriptional changes induced by fgf treatments suggested that this function is mediated by the positive regulation of the genetic machinery responsible for apoptosis and cell senescence together with hypomethylation of the sox9gene promoter.We propose that fgf signaling exerts a primordial function in the embryonic limb conferring chondroprogenitors with their biological properties.

Journal: Cells (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
The diagnostic value of capsule endoscopy in children with intestinal lymphangiectasia.

Intestinal lymphangiectasia is an unusual cause of protein-losing enteropathy due to either congenital malformation or obstruction of the intestinal lymphatics.However, few reports have investigated the use of video capsule endoscopy in children with intestinal lymphangiectasia.This study was performed to evaluate the diagnostic value of video capsule endoscopy for pediatric intestinal lymphangiectasia.Methods in this retrospective study, all patients who underwent video capsule endoscopy between january 2014 and july 2020 were included.Clinical information and video capsule endoscopy data were analyzed.Results twelve children were enrolled, 7 males and 5 females, with an age at disease onset of 4.5 (range: 3.2-9.3) years and a disease duration of 12.0 (range: 1.3-30.0) months.The most common symptoms were hypoproteinemia (10, 83.3 %), diarrhea (7, 58.3 %), edema (6, 50.0 %), and abdominal pain (3, 25.0 %).Eight patients had low lymphocyte counts, whereas 10 had reduced serum albumin levels (23.2 ± 5.8 g/l).Video capsule endoscopy revealed an overall white snowy appearance due to the presence of whitish, swollen villi in all patients.Regarding the macroscopic lesions of lymphangiectasia, 7 cases involved the entire small bowel from the duodenum to the ileocecal valve, while 5 cases involved part of the small bowel.All patients were treated with medium-chain triglyceride diets, and albumin infusions were administered to 10 patients; sirolimus treatment was administered to 3 patients.At the last follow-up, 5 patients still had hypoalbuminemia and one patient had died of intestinal lymphoma.Conclusion video capsule endoscopy is useful for the diagnosis of intestinal lymphangiectasia and should be applied as a valuable and less invasive examination to confirm or establish a diagnosis.

Journal: Revista espanola de enfermedades digestivas (2021)
Publication types: Journal Article
Inference in Functional Linear Quantile Regression.

In this paper, we study statistical inference in functional quantile regression for scalar response and a functional covariate.Specifically, we consider a functional linear quantile regression model where the effect of the covariate on the quantile of the response is modeled through the inner product between the functional covariate and an unknown smooth regression parameter function that varies with the level of quantile.The objective is to test that the regression parameter is constant across several quantile levels of interest.The parameter function is estimated by combining ideas from functional principal component analysis and quantile regression.An adjusted wald testing procedure is proposed for this hypothesis of interest, and its chi-square asymptotic null distribution is derived.The testing procedure is investigated numerically in simulations involving sparse and noisy functional covariates and in a capital bike share data application.The proposed approach is easy to implement and the r code is published online at qr-testing.

Journal: Journal of multivariate analysis (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid-Isolated Biomarkers for the Diagnostic and Prognostic Assessment of Lung Cancer.

Lung cancer is considered one of the most fatal malignant neoplasms because of its late detection.Detecting molecular markers in samples from routine bronchoscopy, including many liquid-based cytology procedures, such as bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (balf), could serve as a favorable technique to enhance the efficiency of a lung cancer diagnosis.Balf analysis is a promising approach to evaluating the tumor progression microenvironment.Balf's cellular and non-cellular components dictate the inflammatory response in a cancer-proliferating microenvironment.Furthermore, it is an essential material for detecting clinically significant predictive and prognostic biomarkers that may aid in guiding treatment choices and evaluating therapy-induced toxicities in lung cancer.In the present article, we have reviewed recent literature about the utility of balf analysis for detecting markers in different stages of tumor cell metabolism, employing either specific biomarker assays or broader omics approaches.

Journal: Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article;Review
Defending Person Detection Against Adversarial Patch Attack by Using Universal Defensive Frame.

Person detection has attracted great attention in the computer vision area and is an imperative element in human-centric computer vision.Although the predictive performances of person detection networks have been improved dramatically, they are vulnerable to adversarial patch attacks.Changing the pixels in a restricted region can easily fool the person detection network in safety-critical applications such as autonomous driving and security systems.Despite the necessity of countering adversarial patch attacks, very few efforts have been dedicated to defending person detection against adversarial patch attack.In this paper, we propose a novel defense strategy that defends against an adversarial patch attack by optimizing a defensive frame for person detection.The defensive frame alleviates the effect of the adversarial patch while maintaining person detection performance with clean person.The proposed defensive frame in the person detection is generated with a competitive learning algorithm which makes an iterative competition between detection threatening module and detection shielding module in person detection.Comprehensive experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method effectively defends person detection against adversarial patch attacks.

Journal: IEEE transactions on image processing : a publication of the IEEE Signal Processing Society (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article
Thermogravimetric studies on co-pyrolysis of raw/torrefied biomass and coal blends.

The pyrolysis and co-pyrolysis behaviours of cotton stalk (cs), torrefied cotton stalk (tcs) and mined coal, as single fuels, and their blends, have been examined through thermogravimetric analysis.Biomass has been torrefied at 250°c for 45 min to enhance physicochemical properties, and then mixed with mined coal for co-pyrolysis.Thermal degradation of cs and tcs is characterized by a reaction.However, this is not the case for mined coal, which shows a single-stage reaction.The thermal degradation of all blends was done in three stages: dehydration; biomass and small mined coal; and lignin or mined coal.A similar trend emerged for mass loss of individual fuels, which depended mainly on their ratios in the blend.The kinetics of pyrolysis and co-pyrolysis of all fuels were calculated at 20°cmin-1heating rate using the coats-redfern model-fitting method.

Journal: Waste management & research : the journal of the International Solid Wastes and Public Cleansing Association, ISWA (2020)
Publication types: Journal Article
How many balance task trials are needed to accurately assess postural control measures in older women?

Taking the average of different trials is recommended for better balance assessment, but few studies have really proven this point under different balance conditions.Objective to assess the effects of averaging trials of five different balance tasks on postural control measures in older women.Methods a total of 90 older women (means: age: 68 years; weight: 67 kg; height: 1.56 m; body mass index, 27 kg/m2) participated in this study.The participants completed five balance tasks with three performance trials for each task on a force platform in random order.The participants completed a total of three 30-s trials of tasks with 30 s of rest between trials.Repeated measure anova and coefficient of variation were computed to compare differences for one trial vs.Averaging across two or three trials on center of pressure (cop) sway values.Results there were no significant differences (p > 0.05) in cop sway values when comparing one vs.The average of two or three trials for all balance tasks.However, the coefficient of variation was higher for three trials (10-40%) than two (6-37%) or one trial (3-23%) for cop parameters.Conclusions based on reduction of variability, the present study recommends the averaging of a minimum of two trials for balance assessment in older women.The results of the current study have implications for balance assessment in older people in fall prevention programs.

Journal: Journal of bodywork and movement therapies (2019)
Publication types: Journal Article
Descriptions ofMicromonospora grosourdyaenom. nov.,Micromonospora sonchicomb. nov. andMicromonospora thawaiisp. nov. to resolve problems with the taxonomy and nomenclature of strains namedMicromonospora endophytica.

The name micromonospora endophyticahas been used for three different organisms.The first organism with this name is the species represented by strain dcwr9-8-2t, a species published in 2015 but whose name was never validated.In 2019 the type species of the genus jishengellawas reclassified into the genus micromonospora, while maintaining its original epithet, thus establishing the second group of organisms known as m.Endophytica, but the first for which the name was validated.Additionally, in 2018 the reclassification of the genus verrucosisporainto the genus micromonosporawas proposed, but a new epithet has not been specified for the species named verrucosispora endophytica, which remains an orphaned species.Therefore, it is necessary to propose new names that can unequivocally identify these taxa.We have analysed the taxonomic position of the strains, comparing them with the species with valid published names of the genus micromonospora.We here propose micromonospora thawaiisp.Nov.For the species represented by strain dcwr9-8-2t, and micromonospora grosourdyaenom.Nov.And micromonospora sonchicomb.Nov.For the two orphaned species of verrucosispora,v.Endophyticaand verrucosispora sonchi, respectively.Genomic analysis also showed that m.Trujilloniaeis a later heterotypic synonym of m.Andamanensis.

Journal: International journal of systematic and evolutionary microbiology (2022)
Publication types: Journal Article